cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 391: Insulin-like Growth Factors Promote Vasculogenesis in Embryonic Stem Cells

The ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate into endothelium and form functional blood vessels has been well established and can potentially be harnessed for therapeutic angiogenesis. However, after almost two decades of investigation in this field, limited knowledge exists for directing endothelial differentiation. A better understanding of the cellular mechanisms regulating vasculogenesis is required for the development of embryonic stem cell-based models and therapies. In this study, we elucidated the mechanistic role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and 2) and IGF receptors (IGFR1 and 2) in endothelial differentiation using an embryonic stem cell embryoid body model. Both IGF1 and IGF2 predisposed embryonic stem to differentiate towards a mesodermal lineage, the endothelial precursor germ layer, as well as increased the generation of significantly more endothelial cells at later stages. Interestingly, differentiation into other mesoderm lineages was not augmented while endothelial cell differentiation was significantly increased. The percentage of endothelial cells within differentiated embryoid bodies was amplified by greater than 7% in embryoid bodies, a substantial increase compared to other characterized vasculogenic factors like VEGF. Inhibition of IGFR1 signaling using neutralizing antibody or a pharmacological inhibitor, picropodophyllin, significantly reduced IGF-induced mesoderm and endothelial precursor cell formation. We confirmed that IGF-IGFR1 signaling stabilizes HIF1[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]] and leads to up-regulation of VEGF during vasculogenesis in embryoid bodies, which may be one of the critical mechanisms of IGF-induced promotion of vasculogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms that are critical for vasculogenesis in various models will bring us one step closer to enabling cell based therapies for neovascularization.
Excess diffuse light absorption in upper mesophyll limits CO2 drawdown and depresses photosynthesis

In agricultural and natural systems, diffuse light can enhance plant primary productivity due to deeper penetration into and greater irradiance of the entire canopy. However, for individual sun-grown leaves from three species, photosynthesis is actually less efficient under diffuse compared with direct light. Despite its potential impact on canopy-level productivity, the mechanism for this leaf-level diffuse light photosynthetic depression effect is unknown. Here, we investigate if the spatial distribution of light absorption relative to electron transport capacity in sun- and shade-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus) leaves underlies its previously observed diffuse light photosynthetic depression. Using a new one-dimensional porous medium finite element gas-exchange model parameterized with light absorption profiles, we found that weaker penetration of diffuse versus direct light into the mesophyll of sun-grown sunflower leaves led to a more heterogenous saturation of electron transport capacity and lowered its CO2 concentration drawdown capacity in the intercellular airspace and chloroplast stroma. This decoupling of light availability from photosynthetic capacity under diffuse light is sufficient to generate an 11% decline in photosynthesis in sun-grown but not shade-grown leaves, primarily because thin shade-grown leaves similarly distribute diffuse and direct light throughout the mesophyll. Finally, we illustrate how diffuse light photosynthetic depression could overcome enhancement in canopies with low light extinction coefficients and/or leaf area, pointing toward a novel direction for future research.
Geophysics Dissertation AbstractsIntegrated analysis and interpretation of microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus ShaleWave-equation migration Q analysis

ABSTRACT Geophysics publishes abstracts of dissertations and titles of master’s theses both in print and online. Recent graduates are invited to submit their abstracts or titles by completing and submitting the appropriate form found at http://seg.org/dissertationabstracts. Abstracts and titles will be reviewed and accepted or rejected based on their relevance to the readers of Geophysics. Abstracts must be written in English and defended in 2009 or later.
Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic Region. Part I - Murex sense stricto

A study of the marine gastropods of the subgenus Murex sensu stricto (type M. tribulus Linne) shows that in the fossil record of the western Atlantic region there are 19 species-groups referable to this subgenus. From the same area 15 Recent species are known, only four of which occur in the paleontological record. The oldest species definitely referable to this group appear in the lower Miocene with ten species of this age reported from localities extending from Florida to Brazil. Two subgroups may be recognized, one here termed the "Western Atlantic" subgroup, the other the "IndoPacific" subgroup. Both subgroups are present in the western Atlantic today, with the "Indo-Pacific" group generally inhabiting water less than 50 fathoms in depth, and the "Western Atlantic" group in the cooler water of somewhat greater depths.
Novel fluconazole derivatives with promising antifungal activity

Abstract The fungistatic nature and toxicity concern associated with the azole drugs currently on the market have resulted in an increased demand for new azole antifungal agents for which these problematic characteristics do not exist. The extensive use of azoles has resulted in fungal strains capable of resisting the action of these drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activity of novel fluconazole (FLC) analogues with alkyl-, aryl-, cycloalkyl-, and dialkyl-amino substituents. We evaluated their antifungal activity by MIC determination and time-kill assay as well as their safety profile by hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes as well as cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The best compounds from our study exhibited broad-spectrum activity against most of the fungal strains tested, with excellent MIC values against a number of clinical isolates. The most promising compounds were found to be less hemolytic than the least hemolytic FDA-approved azole antifungal agent voriconazole (VOR). Finally, we demonstrated that the synthetic alkyl-amino FLC analogues displayed chain-dependent fungal membrane disruption as well as inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis as possible mechanisms of action.
Engineering Bifunctional Enzymes Capable of Adenylating and Selectively Methylating the Side Chain or Core of Amino Acids

Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are known sources of therapeutics. Some nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembly lines contain unique functional interrupted adenylation (A) domains, where nature has combined two different functional domains into one bifunctional enzyme. Most often these interrupted A domains contain a part of a methylation (M) domain embedded in their sequence. Herein, we aimed to emulate nature and create fully functional interrupted A domains by inserting two different noncognate M domains, KtzH(MH) and TioS(M3S), into a naturally occurring uninterrupted A domain, Ecm6(A1T1). We evaluated the engineered enzymes, Ecm6(A1aMHA1bT1) and Ecm6(A1aM3SA1bT1), by a series of radiometric assays and found that not only do they maintain A domain activity, but also they gain the site-specific methylation patterns observed in the parent M domain donors. These findings provide an exciting proof-of-concept for generating interrupted A domains as future tools to modify NRPs and increase the diversity and a...
Molecular Imaging and High-Field MRI in Multiple Sclerosis

10.1 Molecular Imaging 129 10.1.1 Biomarkers 130 10.1.1.1 Natural Biomarkers 131 10.1.1.2 Passive Targeting 131 10.1.1.3 Active Targeting 132 10.1.2 Technical Issues of MRI in MI 133 10.1.2.1 Animal Studies 133 10.1.2.2 Human Studies 133 10.1.3 State of the Art in MI of Animal Models in MS 135 10.2 High-Field MRI 137 10.2.1 State of the Art in MR Research in MS 139 10.2.2 High Field 139 10.2.3 SNR 140 10.2.4 Susceptibility 142 10.2.5 RF Penetration 142 10.2.6 RF Coil Design 142 10.2.7 Gradients and Receivers 143 10.2.8 Relaxation Effects 143 10.2.9 Ultra-High-Resolution MRI 144 10.2.10 New Technologies in MS Imaging 144 10.2.11 HF MRI of MS 145 10.2.12 Other MRI Methods 145 10.3 Conclusion 145 References 146
5′OH DNA Breaks in Apoptosis and Their Labeling by Topoisomerase-Based Approach

Recently the concept of apoptotic cell elimination was expanded and programmed cell death is no longer viewed as an individual cellular event. The complete description of the apoptotic process now includes two phases: the self-driven cell disassembly and the externally-controlled elimination of apoptotic cell corpses by phagocytizing cells. The second, phagocytic phase is essential, highly conserved and is even more important than the internal phase of cell disassembly. This is because it ensures the complete degradation of the dying cell’s DNA, preventing release of pathological, viral and tumor DNA and self-immunization. In different cells and species from mammals to flies, a single conserved enzyme - DNase II is responsible for elimination of cellular DNA in the second, ‘mopping up’ phase, of apoptosis. Here we present an assay for selective detection of the phagocytic phase of apoptosis. The technology capitalizes on the fact that phagocytic DNase II produces identifiable signature DNA breaks, which can be labeled by vaccinia topoisomerase. The assay permits labeling of the previously underestimated phase of apoptotic execution and is a useful tool in the apoptosis detection arsenal.
Characterizing the Effect of Thermal Processing on Feedstock Al Alloy Powder for Additive Manufacturing Applications

Gas-atomized metallic powders are commonly used in additive manufacturing processes. Research has shown that, for certain AM techniques, the chemistry and microstructural properties of the feedstock powders significantly affect the properties of the consolidated material. Understanding the powder characteristics before use in additive manufacturing can lead to optimizing properties of additively manufactured materials as well as determining the recyclability of feedstock powders. This research studies the effect of various solution treatment processes on the characteristics and microstructural evolution of powder aluminum alloy 6061. Solution treatment times and temperatures were guided by thermodynamic and kinetic modeling. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness were used to evaluate each condition in both two and three dimensions. Results indicate that the Mg2Si present in the untreated condition dissolves after 60 min of solution treatment, while there are competing effects from the dissolution and concurrent growth of various Fe-containing phases. Additionally, it is shown that both granular and sub-granular structures exist in these rapidly solidified powders, and the sub-grains reorient themselves during solution treatment.
A Review of Collegiate Recovery Communities and Recommendations for Implementation on a Small Residential Campus

Although the Collegiate Recovery Community is increasingly seen as the treatment modality of choice for students in recovery, relatively few such programs have been established on small residential campuses. In this article we examine the possible reasons for this reluctance and suggest ways in which the standard model for a Collegiate Recovery Community, as represented by its three benchmark programs, can be modified and adapted to better fit the small residential campus environment. We summarize the problem and review the concept of a Collegiate Recovery Community, and we then explain and recommend 1) a bottom-up initiative for planning and 2) scaled-down resource demand and utilization. We provide a 5-point plan for a “bottom-up, scaled-down” Collegiate Recovery Community on a small residential campus.
A Glance at the Power of Patterns.

p ■ «ecent work in the psychology of perception (Rock 1974) indicates that recognition of patterns plays an important role in daily living and constitutes a large part of the way we organize and understand our world. A child's perception of patterns begins early in life, and patterns and the perception of patterns are basic to learning. Proceeding from the recognition of a pattern in a series of occurrences to the prediction of an outcome or the formulation of a more general rule is a common method of learning. Thus activities that encourage the discovery of patterns in mathematics can be a fruitful area for teachers to explore in their classrooms. Finding patterns is one element in the careful development of mathematical concepts and skills. Each example that follows illustrates an instance where mathematics pattern finding, in conjunction with other developmental work, has been found successful with children.
Understanding and Managing Intergenerational Tensions

Previous research on generations in the workforce has established that generations differ in many ways. However, absent from these studies is a deep examination of the tensions that arise when orga...
The use of aerosolized prostacyclins is associated with improvements in gas-exchange but no difference in hemodynamics in critically-ill patients

Background: The prostacyclins are selective pulmonary vasodilators frequently used in the treatment of refractory hypoxia in patients with ARDS as well as treatment of right ventricular (RV) failure. However, data regarding its efficacy and mortality benefit is scarce. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of aerosolized epoprostenol and iloprost in critically-ill patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to Oklahoma University Medical Center between 2015-2017 who received aerosolized prostacyclins. Collected data included demographic information as well as changes in gas exchange (assessed by PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and hemodynamics (assessed by dose of norepinephrine or equivalent vasopressor requirement). Data analysis was performed with paired-t test and Chi square analysis as appropriate. Results: Data is presented as mean ± SEM. ARDS was the main indication (67% epoprostenol, 49% iloprost) followed by RV failure (18% and 9% respectively). There were significant improvements in P/F ratio with both medications at 24 and 48 hrs (p=0.0092 and 0.0018 for epoprostenol, p=0.0043 and 0.0219 for iloprost). There were no major differences in vasopressor requirements in either group, or in lactate clearance. Mortality was 58% in the epoprostenol group and 42% in the iloprost group. Conclusions: Aerosolized prostacyclins are more frequently used for refractory hypoxia in ARDS, and its use is associated with improvements in gas-exchange. In patients with RV failure, there were no major differences in terms of vasopressor requirements. Further studies are needed to address these findings.
Efficient heuristics for the minimum shortest path Steiner arborescence problem with applications to VLSI physical design

Given an undirected graph with positive edge weights (lengths) , a set of terminals (sinks) , and a unique root node ,a shortest path Steiner arborescence (hereafter an arborescence) is a Steiner tree rooted at spanning all terminals in such that every source-to- sink path is a shortest path in . Given a triple , the minimum shortest path Steiner arborescence (MSPSA) problem seeks an arborescence with minimum weight. The MSPSA prob- lem has various applications in the areas of physical design of very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI), multicast network communication, and supercomputer message routing; various cases have been studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose several heuristics and exact algorithms for the MSPSA problem with applications to VLSI physical design. Experiments indicate that our heuristics generate near optimal results and achieve speedups of orders of magnitude over existing algorithms.
A CASE OF VERY-LATE-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA-LIKE PSYCHOSIS, AN UNDER-RECOGNIZED AND DISTINCT SYNDROME IN THE GERIATRIC POPULATION

Introduction Schizophrenia is classically viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests at an early age. However, geriatric presentations of schizophrenia-like illness have been described, suggesting a distinct syndrome and warranting a diagnosis of very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP). Methods A case from an acute geriatric psychiatry unit at an academic hospital is reported. Results Ms. L was a 76-year-old single Barbadian woman with no prior psychiatric or medical history who presented for inpatient evaluation of persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations in the context of increasing paranoid behavior over the past year. She believed her neighbors were placing recording devices in her home, stealing money from her bank account, trying to deport her, and take over her apartment. For two months, she had been hearing them talk about her and could also hear Donald Trump telling her she'd be deported. Her family history was significant for a grandmother who had similar new onset of delusions and hallucinations at age 80. On exam, the patient was pleasant, cooperative, euthymic, linear, and alert and fully oriented. MMSE and MOCA performed on admission were both 29/30. Medical workup of psychosis was unrevealing and there was no recent medication or substance use. Her functional impairment due to the new symptoms was limited to slightly reduced sleep and eating (due to fear of poisoning by neighbors); she otherwise had maintained her ADLs, IADLs, and a busy social calendar with multiple volunteer activities. Conclusions The case of Ms. L illustrates a rare presentation of first episode of psychosis at advanced age with relative sparing of cognitive and functional status. This syndrome has been called very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis. The poster will describe the features of this distinct syndrome and advocate for its inclusion in future diagnostic manuals. This research was funded by none
Design thinking and methods in library practice and graduate library education

Despite interest in the application of design thinking and methods in librarianship, there seems to be a disconnect between application and education to support it. This study used an online questi...
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as a Framework for Understanding Adolescent Depressive Symptoms Over Time

Worldwide, depression is one of the most common medical disorders in adolescence. Adolescent depressive symptoms generally increase over time, but many experience decreases after an initial peak. The purpose of this paper was to examine ecological predictors of baseline and change in adolescent depressive symptoms using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as a framework. Adolescents (n = 500; 52% female; baseline age 10–13 years) and their parents living in the northwestern United States completed annual questionnaires over six years. A structural equation model growth curve analysis was conducted to examine how family stressors, neighborhood safety, parent-child connectedness, and youth locus of control predicted adolescent depressive symptoms (baseline and growth). Results demonstrated that adolescent locus of control was associated with lower baseline depressive symptoms (β = −0.27, p < 0.001). Parent-child connectedness (youth-report) was indirectly predictive of baseline depressive symptoms through locus of control (β = −0.06, p < 0.05). Family economic stress was predictive of less growth in depressive symptoms over time (β = −0.20, p < 0.05). General family stressors, neighborhood safety, and parent report of parent-child connectedness were not predictive of adolescent depressive symptoms. In a sensitivity analysis using an autoregressive model, adolescent-report of parent-child connectedness was the most consistently predictive measure of adolescent depressive symptoms. Overall, the results suggest that feelings of family connectedness and control are more important to understanding baseline depressive symptoms than physical, contextual factors. However, some adversity may be healthy and provide adolescents with experiences that slow the growth of depression.
Impact of Functional Status on Outcomes of Simultaneous Pancreas-kidney Transplantation: Risks and Opportunities for Patient Benefit

Background The impact of functional status on survival among simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKT) candidates and recipients is not well described. Methods We examined national Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) data for patients listed for SPKT in the United States (2006-2019). Functional status was categorized by center-reported Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS). We used Cox regression to quantify associations of KPS at listing and transplant with subsequent patient survival, adjusted for baseline patient and transplant factors (adjusted hazard ratio, 95% LCLaHR95%UCL). We also explored time-dependent associations of SPKT with survival risk after listing compared with continued waiting in each functional status group. Results KPS distributions among candidates (N = 16 822) and recipients (N = 10 316), respectively, were normal (KPS 80-100), 62.0% and 57.8%; capable of self-care (KPS 70), 23.5% and 24.7%; requires assistance (KPS 50-60), 12.4% and 14.2%; and disabled (KPS 10-40), 2.1% and 3.3%. There was a graded increase in mortality after listing and after transplant with lower functional levels. Compared with normal functioning, mortality after SPKT rose progressively for patients capable of self-care (aHR, 1.001.181.41), requiring assistance (aHR, 1.061.311.60), and disabled (aHR, 1.101.552.19). In time-dependent regression, compared with waiting, SPKT was associated with 2-fold mortality risk within 30 days of transplant. However, beyond 30 days, SPKT was associated with reduced mortality, from 52% for disabled patients (aHR, 0.260.480.88) to 70% for patients with normal functioning (aHR, 0.260.300.34). Conclusions While lower functional status is associated with increased mortality risk among SPKT candidates and recipients, SPKT can provide long-term survival benefit across functional status levels in those selected for transplant.
Characterizing twitter user topics and communication network dynamics of the “Liberate” movement during COVID-19 using unsupervised machine learning and social network analysis

Abstract This paper analyzes online user conversation topics and discourse on Twitter related to the “Liberate” Protest movement in reaction to social distancing guidelines at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interdisciplinary approaches in big data, machine learning, content analysis, and social network analysis (SNA) were used to characterize the communicative behavior, conversation themes, and network structures of Liberate protest supporters and non-supporters. Tweets were content coded and grouped within topic clusters produced from an unsupervised machine learning algorithm using natural language processing. An analysis of topic clusters found that tweets that support the protests are highly concentrated and have higher volumes of replicated tweets. Protest Supporters were also more likely to retweet other users while Non-Supporters were more likely to include a URL from an outside media source and produce a unique tweet. SNA was also used to assess the characteristics of retweet networks and found that the Protester Supporter network had a more centralized structure and was strongly influenced by a political organization, in contrast to the Non-Supporter network that had a larger number of smaller and more evenly-sized nodes and more driven by media personalities and commentators. Collectively, these characteristics indicate that protest supporters had more centralized, consistent and disseminated discourse protesting COVID-19 social distancing requirements compared to non-supporters who were more diverse in their criticism of the Liberate movement and generally more fragmented in their support of public health measures. Results from this study provide important insights into pandemic communication dynamics of opposing twitter communities, including in the context of those who oppose and support public health measures in a highly politicized social and online environment. Results are important in the context of assessing the messages, communication propagation and overall activities of social media communities in response to basic public health measures needed to contain this post-digital era global pandemic.
David Oliver: The false dichotomies in pandemic commentary.

Much like the Brexit debate, the narrative on covid-19 has often been reductive, tribally entrenched, and polarised. This has sometimes led to false dichotomies between seemingly contrasting positions that are in fact compatible, consistent propositions that can be supported at the same time. For example, I’ve seen many commentators argue that what’s crucial is either covid health protection measures or their impact on jobs, the economy, mental wellbeing, and wider determinants of health. We have to choose: which will it be? In reality, the two are not so neatly separated.1 If a pandemic respiratory virus is surging through populations, preventing people from working because of acute illness, reducing productivity because of long covid,2 or forcing them to take time off to care for family members, that’s a lose/lose situation. Meanwhile, Sweden—endlessly feted …
Gauge and Scalar Fields on $CP^2$: A Gauge-invariant Analysis I

A parametrization of gauge fields on complex projective spaces of arbitrary dimension is given as a generalization of the two-dimensional case. Gauge transformations act homogeneously on the fields, facilitating a manifestly gauge-invariant analysis. Specializing to four dimensions, we consider the nature of the effective action due to scalars interacting with the gauge fields. The key qualitatively significant terms include a possible gauge-invariant mass term and a finite four-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) action. We comment on relating the mass term to lattice simulations as well as Schwinger-Dyson analyses, and also on relating the WZW action to the instanton liquid picture of QCD.
Your Family, Inc.: Practical Tips for Building a Healthy Family Business

Contents Chapter 1: The Geometry of a Healthy Family * Chapter 2: Know Which Hat are You Wearing: The Business Hat? Or the Family Hat? * Chapter 3: Ownership Has Its Privileges, and Its Hazards * Chapter 4: Competition in the Family Firm: Sibling Rivalry * Chapter 5: Preparing Your Daughter to Become CEO * Chapter 6: Partners in Business, Partners in Marriage * Chapter 7: Not to Decide is to Decide: Decision-Making in the Family Firm * Chapter 8: Standards of Success in Family Firms
Chapter 13: Financial Therapy: De-Biasing and Client Behaviors

This chapter introduces an emerging field of study and practice called financial therapy. Financial therapy has applications in furthering the knowledge base around money psychology and addressing maladaptive financial beliefs and decisions of individuals and families. In contrast to traditional finance, financial therapy assumes individuals and couples often fail to make the rational financial decisions that lead to expected utility maximization. It also assumes that individuals’ financial choices are strongly influenced by their financial socialization, cognitive biases, emotional factors, and their past experiences with money within various social systems. Foundational topics in financial therapy covered in this chapter include the concept and history of financial therapy, theoretical and conceptual frameworks that provide a basis for financial therapy practice and research, and the need for evidence-based financial therapy interventions.
Tensile and compressive creep of a thermoplastic polymer and the effects of physical aging on the composite time-dependent behavior

An experimental study was undertaken to compare the effects of physical aging on the viscoelastic behavior of IM7/K3B [90] 1 2 composite and the K3B neat resin loaded in tension and compression. The tests, run over a range of sub-glass transition temperatures, provided material constants, material master curves and aging related parameters. Comparing results from the short term K3B resin and the IM7/K3B [90] 1 2 composite behavior indicated that trends in the data with respect to aging time and aging temperature for tension loading are similar; however, trends in the IM7/K3B [90] 1 2 composite curves in compression appear more exponential than in the K3B resin curves, and show a more uniform creep rate as a function of temperature. Although most of the long term predictions made in this study physically aged with time as expected, the rate of aging in tension was more severely altered with increasing temperature than in compression.
Influence of Thermal Conditioning Media on Charpy Specimen Test Temperature

The Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact test is used extensively for determining the toughness of structural materials. Research programs in many technologies concerned with structural integrity perform such testing to obtain Charpy energy vs temperature curves. American Society for Testing and Materials Method E 23 includes rather strict requirements regarding determination and control of specimen test temperature. It specifies minimum soaking times dependent on the use of liquids or gases as the medium for thermally conditioning the specimen. The method also requires that impact of the specimen occur within 5 s removal from the conditioning medium. It does not, however, provide guidance regarding choice of conditioning media. This investigation was primarily conducted to investigate the changes in specimen temperature which occur when water is used for thermal conditioning. A standard CVN impact specimen of low-alloy steel was instrumented with surface-mounted and embedded thermocouples. Dependent on the media used, the specimen was heated or cooled to selected temperatures in the range {minus}100 to 100{degree}C using cold nitrogen gas, heated air, acetone and dry ice, methanol and dry ice, heated oil, or heated water. After temperature stabilization, the specimen was removed from the conditioning medium while the temperatures were recorded four times permore » second from all thermocouples using a data acquisition system and a computer. The results show that evaporative cooling causes significant changes in the specimen temperatures when water is used for conditioning. Conditioning in the other media did not result in such significant changes. The results demonstrate that, even within the guidelines of E 23, significant test temperature changes can occur which may substantially affect the Charpy impact test results if water is used for temperature conditioning. 7 refs., 11 figs.« less
Changes in the female genital tract during the puerperium induced by sex hormone therapy

Abstract The ease with which modern therapeutists can prescribe constant, effective dosages of both synthetic male and female sex hormones has resulted in an ever-widening scope of clinical uses. Their employment has been most apparent in problems of abnormal uterine bleeding, failure of ovulation, sterility, ante-partum bleeding, or menopausal harassments. Sex hormone therapy in the postpartum phase has been limited to puerperal breast comfort 1 or to efforts to hasten involution of the uterus with resultant improvement in puerperal morbidity. 2 The extensive literature which already has accumulated regarding the use of the estrogens and of the androgens in puerperal breast problems need not be reviewed. The majority of investigators feel that there is a definite place for such therapy, although the information regarding the side-effects of these agents is but slight. This paper will inquire into those changes. Markee 3 noted the maintenance of good blood supply to the uterus using the estrogens. Wolf 4 and Falls, Lackner and Krohn 5 reported that the estrogens lend better tone to the post-partum uterus by increasing its contractility, and the former additionally noted that estrogens sensitize the myometrium to oxytocics. With this in mind, Connally and others 2 employed the estrogens in 200 cases in an effort to decrease post-partum morbidity. Five milligrams of diethylstilbestrol were given by mouth, beginning immediately after delivery, and were continued as a 5 mg. daily dose for the first twelve post-partum days. Morbidity (defined as a temperature of 100.4° F. for any two twenty-four-hour periods during the puerperium) was lowered from 12.8 per cent in a control series to 4.0 per cent in the estrogen-treated group. No untoward effects were noted, lochia was unchanged, and the rate of involution studied at twenty-one days post partum was thought to be hastened somewhat.
Observed form and action of the magnetic field in flares

Both in solar regions of strong (100-1000 gauss) magnetic f ield (active regions) and in regions of weaker f ield (quiet regions), filaments of chromospheric material reside in and trace out sheared magnetic fields over magnetic inversion lines. Such filaments, and hence the sheared fields that they trace, often erupt in flares and coronal mass ejections. The basic character of the eruption appears to be expansion and untwisting of the flux tube in which the erupting filament is embedded (Figure i ) . This paper focuses on the decrease of magnetic energy in this flux tube as the tube erupts. The dependence of the energy on the field expansion and untwisting is given for a simple model flux tube; this is used with estimates of the field expansion and decrease in twist in observed erupting filaments to empirically evaluate the energy decrease. This evaluation is made for three observed eruptive events: a small confined filament-eruption flare, a coronal mass ejection from the eruption of a large quiescent filament without a flare, and a large f i l ament-eruption flare in which the filament was probably ejected in a spray and coronal mass ejection. The estimated decrease in magnetic energy is compared with the total released energy estimated from the observed magnitude of the flare in H-alpha and X-rays or from the observed mechanical energy of the mass ejection. In each case, the estimated decrease in magnetic energy is of the order of the total energy released. This result suggests the following: 1.Both in filament-eruption flares and in coronal mass ejections from filament eruptions, the basic drive is magnetic energy shedding by the filament-field eruption. 2. Confined filament-eruption flares, filament-eruption flares with sprays and coronal mass ejections, and coronal mass ejections from quiescent filament eruptions are all events of the same kind.
Irish-Medium Language Immersion Programs’ Effects on Mathematics Education

In Ireland, there are areas where the Irish language is spoken exclusively, these areas are called Gaeltacht. Students living in those areas speak Irish both at home and at school. But outside those areas, schools teach in the English language. This is changing due to Gaelscoileanna. Now students who are speaking English at home and in the neighborhood are being taught in Irish at school. Additive bilingualism occurs in students attending Gaelscoileanna since they are immersed in both languages on a daily basis. This has shown to have positive impacts on mathematics learning. Other countries, such as Wales, Scotland, and Canada, have implemented similar types of schools. Research on Irish-medium language immersion programs effects on mathematics education is presented.
Similarity measures in smart building electrical demand data

With the increase in smart, LEED-certified buildings there comes an increase in the amount of time-series data generated by the sensor networks within these buildings. Extracting useful information from the sensor network data can pose a challenge. While diurnal and seasonal patterns of electrical demand are well known from traditional metering systems, smart building sensor networks can provide insight into abnormalities or previously unknown patterns in electrical demand. In this paper, we demonstrate how to mine the data for these unknowns through the analysis of the frequency components of the time-series electrical demand data. The data for this study was collected from an LEED-certified building over twelve consecutive months with separate data feeds for the electrical demand from the heating, A/C, ventilation, lighting and miscellaneous systems. We employed Fourier methods to transform the data from the time domain to the frequency domain and then used similarity measures to look for similarities and outliers among the differing systems.
The Paradox of Success at a No-Excuses School

No recent reform has had so profound an effect as no-excuses schools in increasing the achievement of low-income, black and Hispanic students. In the past decade, no-excuses schools-whose practices include extended instructional time, data-driven instruction, ongoing professional development, and a highly structured disciplinary system-have emerged as one of the most influential urban school-reform models. Yet almost no research has been conducted on the everyday experiences of students and teachers inside these schools. Drawing from 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork inside one no-excuses school and interviews with 92 school administrators, teachers, and students, I argue that even in a school promoting social mobility, teachers still reinforce class-based skills and behaviors. Because of these schools' emphasis on order as a prerequisite to raising test scores, teachers stress behaviors that undermine success for middle-class children. As a consequence, these schools develop worker-learners-children who monitor themselves, hold back their opinions, and defer to authority-rather than lifelong learners. I discuss the implications of these findings for market-based educational reform, inequality, and research on noncognitive skills.
Induction of microsomal stearyl coenzyme a desaturase in newly hatched chicks

Abstract The development of the stearyl-CoA desaturase system was studied in newly hatched chicks. The desaturation activity was very low in hepatic microsomes from chick embryos, less than 0.05 nmol of oleate formed min−1 (mg of protein)−1. After hatching and feeding, the desaturation activity gradually increased to 4–5 nmol of oleate formed min−1 (mg of protein)−1 in 6-day-old chicks. This increase could be prevented by administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Measurement of the microsomal electron transfer components throughout the induction period showed no significant changes in the NADH- or NADPH-specific reductases or in the concentrations of cytochromes b5 and P-450. However, the activity of the terminal component of the desaturase system (the desaturase enzyme) increased in parallel with the desaturation activity. Supplementing the liver microsomes from chick embryos with isolated desaturase enzyme resulted in the formation of an active desaturation system. It is proposed that the induction of the stearyl-CoA desaturase system during development of newly hatched chicks is dependent on the synthesis of the terminal desaturase enzyme.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Viral Co-Infection during the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

Background The clinical consequences of co-infection with two or more respiratory viruses are poorly understood. We sought to determine if co-infection with pandemic 2009–2010 influenza A H1N1 (pH1N1) and another respiratory virus was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed of all hospitalized patients with a positive respiratory viral panel (RVP) for two or more viruses within 72 hours of admission at our institution from October 2009 to December 2009. We compared patients infected with one respiratory virus to those with respiratory viral co-infection. Results We identified 617 inpatients with a positive RVP sample with a single virus and 49 inpatients with a positive RVP sample for two viruses (i.e. co-infection). Co-infected patients were significantly younger, more often had fever/chills, tachypnea, and they more often demonstrated interstitial opacities suggestive of viral pneumonia on the presenting chest radiograph (OR 7.5, 95% CI 3.4–16.5). The likelihood of death, length of stay, and requirement for intensive care unit level of care were similar in both groups, but patients with any respiratory virus co-infection were more likely to experience complications, particularly treatment for a secondary bacterial pneumonia (OR 6.8, 95% CI 3.3–14.2). Patients co-infected with pH1N1 and another respiratory virus were more likely to present with chest radiograph changes suggestive of a viral pneumonia, compared to mono-infection with pH1N1 (OR 16.9, 95% CI 4.5–62.7). By logistic regression using mono-infection with non-PH1N1 viruses as the reference group, co-infection with pH1N1 was the strongest independent predictor of treatment for a secondary bacterial pneumonia (OR 17.8, 95% CI 6.7–47.1). Conclusion Patients with viral co-infection, particularly with pH1N1, were more likely to have chest radiograph features compatible with a viral pneumonia and complications during their hospital course, particularly treatment for secondary bacterial pneumonia. Despite this, co-infection was not associated with ICU admission.
Electric dipole (hyper)polarizabilities of selected X2Y2 and X3Y3 (X = Al, Ga, In and Y = P, As): III-V semiconductor clusters. An ab initio comparative study.

A systematic ab initio comparative study of the (hyper)polarizabilities of selected III-V stoichiometric semiconductor clusters has been carried out. Our investigation focuses on the ground state structures of the dimers and on two dissimilar trimer configurations of aluminum, gallium, indium phosphide and arsenide. The basis set effect on both the polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of the studied systems has been explicitly taken into account relying on the augmented correlation consistent aug-cc-pVnZ (n ) D, T, Q, and 5) basis sets series. In addition, a rough estimation of the effects of the relativistic effects on the investigated properties is provided by extension of the study to include calculations performed with relativistic electron core potentials (or pseudopotentials). Electron correlation effects have been estimated utilizing methods of increasing predictive reliability, e.g., the Moller-Plesset many body perturbation theory and the couple cluster approach. Our results reveal that in the considered semiconductor species the Group III elements (Al, Ga, In) play a vital role on the values of their relative (hyper)polarizability. At all levels of theory employed the most hyperpolarizable clusters are the indium derivatives while the aluminum arsenide clusters also exhibit high, comparable hyperpolarizabilities. The less hyperpolarizable species are those composed of gallium and this is associated with the strong influence of the nuclear charge on the valence electrons of Ga due to the poor shielding that is provided by the semicore d electrons. In addition, the analysis of the electronic structure and the hyperpolarizability magnitudes reveals that clusters, in which their bonding is characterized by strong electron transfer from the electropositive to the electronegative atoms, are less hyperpolarizable than species in which the corresponding electron transfer is weaker. Lastly, from the methodological point of view our results point out that the hyperpolarizabilities of those species converge when an augmented triple-� quality basis set is used and, also, that the second order Moller-Plesset approximation (MP2) overestimates considerably their second hyperpolarizabilities with respect to the highest level of coupled cluster theory applied in this study (CCSD(T)).
Elementary divisors of induced transformations on symmetry classes of tensors

Abstract Let V χ (G) denote the symmetry class of tensors over the vector space V associated with the permutation group G and irreducible character χ. Write v 1 * v 2 *...* v m for the decomposable symmetrized product of the indicated vectors ( m =deg G ). If T is a linear operator on V , let K(T) denote the associated operator on V χ (G) , i.e., K(T)v 1 *v 2 *...*v m =Tv 1 *Tv 2 *...*Tv m . Denote by D(T) the derivation operator D(T)v 1 *v 2 *...*v m =Tv 1 *v 2 ...*v m +v 1 *Tv 2 *v 3 * ...*v m +...+v 1 *v 2 *...*v m–1 *Tv m . The article concerns the elementary divisors of K(T) and D(T) .
Interpreting the JUPITER trial: statins can prevent VTE, but more study is needed.

Analysis of a secondary end point of the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) found that a statin reduced the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in apparently healthy people with high levels of C-reactive protein and normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1851- 1861). Still, pending more study, statins should not be substituted for proven prophylaxis and anticoagulation, especially for patients with recurrent deep venous thrombosis, hospitalized patients, postoperative patients, and other patients prone to VTE.
Tectonics of Southern Rim of Gulf of Mexico Basin: ABSTRACT

Major orogenesis affected the southern rim of the Gulf basin during late Paleozoic, middle Cretaceous, and Laramide times. Post-Laramide deformation has been dominantly epeirogenic or fault movements of normal or strike-slip character. Many tectonic features of southern Mexico and northern Central America are continuous beneath the adjacent Gulf of Mexico and/or Caribbean Sea. The following examples are cited: (1) Zacatecas zone-boundary of zones 3 and 4 of Bryant et al., (2) Trans-Mexican volcanic belt-Teziutlan massif-southern limit of zone 4 of Bryant et al.-Pera Salient-Progreso shear zone of northern Yucatan-Yucatan Channel uplift, (3) Ticul fault and Nuevo-Arenas swell, (4) Maya Mountains-Glovers Reef High-Cayman/Misteriosa Ridge-Sierra Maestra of Cuba, (5) San Cris obal-Comitan fault zones-Chixoy-Polochic and Motagua Fault zones-Bonacca Ridge, (6) Ulua graben of Honduras-downfaulting of continental margins of British Honduras and Quintana Roo. Evaporite deposits are widespread in the southern Gulf. Diapirs are common in the Isthmian region of Mexico and extend northward to the Sigsbee Deep west of the Campeche Banks. Probable salt ridges are found in Bryant et al. zones 1-4. Significant quantities of Cretaceous evaporites underlie the Yucatan platform and may extend northward beneath the Campeche Banks. Salt diapirs are known to be present in Cuba. It is postulated that the salt in the Isthmian basin of Mexico may also be of Cretaceous age and continuous with the Yucatan deposits. The age and distribution of the salt are critical in understanding the Mesozoic history of the southern Gulf. It is doubtful that appreciable quantities of evaporites underlie easternmost Yucatan or are present in the Yucatan basin (northern Carib ean), but more detailed knowledge of this area is necessary. Cretaceous evaporites are present in Guatemala and it is possible that they may extend beneath the northern Caribbean. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2046------------