cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Internet-wide view of ICS devices

Industrial control systems have become ubiquitous, enabling the remote, electronic control of physical equipment and sensors. Originally designed to operate on closed networks, the protocols used by these devices have no built-in security. However, despite this, an alarming number of systems are connected to the public Internet and an attacker who finds a device often can cause catastrophic damage to physical infrastructure. We consider two aspects of ICS security in this work: (1) what devices have been inadvertently exposed on the public Internet, and (2) who is searching for vulnerable systems. First, we implement five common SCADA protocols in ZMap and conduct a survey of the public IPv4 address space finding more than 60K publicly accessible systems. Second, we use a large network telescope and high-interaction honeypots to find and profile actors searching for devices. We hope that our findings can both motivate and inform future work on securing industrial control systems.
Canonical correlation analysis of data on human-automation interaction

Canonical correlation analysis is a type of multivariate linear statistical analysis, first described by Hotelling (1935), which is used in a wide range of disciplines to analyze the relationships ...
7T MRI Visualization of Cortical Lesions in Adolescents and Young Adults with Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND Cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with prolonged and progressive disease. 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides enhanced visualization of cortical lesions (CLs). Hence, we conducted a pilot study to explore whether CLs occur early in MS, as evidenced by pediatric-onset patients. METHODS A total of 8 pediatric-onset MS patients were imaged using 7T MRI. CLs were annotated on T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echoes images as leukocortical (LC), intracortical, or subpial. Total CLs, age at onset, age at scan, disease duration, total relapses, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score were recorded. RESULTS A median of 120 (range: 48-144) CLs was identified in 8 MS patients (3 female, all with relapsing remitting MS, mean age at scan 21 years ± 3.5 SD, mean age of disease onset 15 years ± 2.3 SD, mean disease duration 5.3 years ± 3.4 SD, median EDSS 2.0). Nearly all the lesions identified were LC. CONCLUSIONS Many CLs are detectable using 7T MRI in patients with pediatric-onset MS despite relatively brief disease duration, absence of progressive disease, and very limited physical disability—supporting early cortical involvement in MS.
Access and Fairness in the Fisher Affirmative Action Case

Affirmative action raises difficult questions of access and fairness. Opponents argue that it discriminates against whites while proponents emphasize that it increases opportunities for underrepresented minorities. While concerns about fairness limit the scope and frequency of affirmative action, minority underrepresentation in highly selective colleges and universities continues to validate its use.
Prices or Quantities Can Dominate Banking and Borrowing

The possibility of intertemporal banking and borrowing of tradeable permits is often viewed as tilting the various policy debates about optimal pollution control instruments toward favoring such time-flexible quantities. The present paper shows that this view is misleading, at least for the simplest dynamic extension of the original `prices vs. quantities' information structure. The model of this paper allows the firms to know and act upon the realization of uncertain future costs two full periods ahead of the regulators. For any given circumstance, the paper shows that either a fixed price or a fixed quantity is superior in expected welfare to time-flexible banking and borrowing. Furthermore, the standard original formula for the comparative advantage of prices over quantities contains sufficient information to completely characterize the regulatory role of intertemporal banking and borrowing. The logic and implications of these results are analyzed and discussed.
Free Fatty Acid Receptor G-protein-coupled Receptor 40 Mediates Lipid Emulsion-induced Cardioprotection.

Background:We have previously shown that intralipid (lipid emulsion) protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury and bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the precise underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we explored the hypothesis that free fatty acid receptor-1 or
Two new Prenolepis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indomalaya and Australasia, with a redescription of P. dugasi from Vietnam

Prenolepis is a lineage of formicine ants with its center of diversity in the Old World tropics. Three more Prenolepis species are added to the Indomalayan and Australasian fauna and another is synonymized, bringing the total number of Prenolepis species worldwide to 19. Two new species are described: P. nepalensis from Nepal and P. lakekamu from Papua New Guinea, the latter being the first in the genus east of Wallace's Line. Additionally, P. dugasi Forel (comb. rev.) from Vietnam is transferred from Nylanderia and redescribed. Based on morphology, each of the three species appears to be most closely-related to other species found predominantly in or nearest to their respective bioregions: P. nepalensis most resembles P. darlena, P. fisheri, and P. fustinoda; P. lakekamu bears strongest resemblance to P. jacobsoni, P. jerdoni, and P. subopaca; and P. dugasi most resembles P. melanogaster. Descriptions, illustrations and images are provided for all three species. One new synonymy is proposed: P. angulinoda Chen Zhou 2018 = P. fustinoda Williams LaPolla 2016. An updated key for workers of all extant Prenolepis species is also included.
Effects of taurine supplementation on cholesterol levels with potential ramification in atherosclerosis.

It is quite convincing from the literature that taurine supplemented in the diet and administered to various animal models (rat, mouse, and rabbit) has a significant effect in reducing both total cholesterol and the induced atherogenic lesions. Unfortunately, there are very few studies in which taurine has been administered to humans. Because of the present prevalence of high fat diets in our society and the serious sequellae associated with high serum cholesterol levels, it is considered after reviewing the data in the literature that more studies are needed to access the value of supplemental dietary taurine in the human model. If truly beneficial in lowering human hypercholesterol levels, taurine could be an inexpensive, nontoxic dietary supplement with significant cardiovascular properties.
The Wisdom of Crowds in Government 2.0: Information Paradigm Evolution toward Wiki-Government

This essay, exploring the peer-to-peer collaborative atmosphere penetrating Wikivism, crowd-sourcing and open-source movement, identifies a new paradigm of public information as evolution toward Wiki-government. Citizen participants can collectively create public information via various platforms enabled by Web 2.0 technologies. Under the new participatory paradigm that a large number of individual citizens and government cocreate public information, not only do Wiki-oriented government agencies benefit from crowd wisdom, but citizens also learn from their colleague citizens. Crowd-sourcing to collect the wisdom of crowds is categorized into four types by matching between the quantity and the quality of participation: civic-sourcing, mob-sourcing, professionalism, and fiasco. For Wiki-government, a mass of well-informed and concerned participants in civic-sourcing make more desirable outcomes for a society than fewer, poorly-informed and unconcerned people. Thus, civic-sourcing promises greater advantages for government over professionalism and mob-sourcing. Three strategies for civic-sourcing (Wiki/open-sourcing, contest, or social networking) can be employed through different working mechanisms, with different motivators for participation, and under different approaches to human nature of key participants.
Chronic Stable Angina

Millions live with chronic stable angina. Incidence is likely to grow as the population ages and as risk factors increase. Similarly, treatment options are expanding. Medical therapies from drug regimens to percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafts are significantly reducing morbidity and mortality, with additional experimental therapies on the horizon. This chapter describes these therapies as well as how stable angina is diagnosed and prognosis determined. It also presents the results of multiple clinical studies that evaluated treatment options for improving symptoms and prolonging life. Clinical data help clarify whether optimal medical therapy or revascularization is the better option for individual patients.
Mixed-integer programming for kernel-based classifiers

The main objective of this paper is to present a kernel-based classification model based on mixed-integer programming (MIP). Most classification methods are based on models with continuous variables. The proposed MIP formulation is developed to discriminate between two classes of points, by minimizing the number of misclassified points, and the number of data points representing the separating hyperplane. Generalization for kernel-based classification is provided. The simplicity of the formulation makes it easy for domain expert to interpret. Preliminary computational results are reported using the single phase fluid flow data [14], which show that our model improves the support vector machine (SVM) solution.
Integrated Design for Manufacture, Service and Environment

This paper outlines the development of product analysis procedures for manufacture, service and environmental performance. The paper further describes how these procedures can be integrated to give a predictive assessment of the life cycle performance of products. This integration enables design teams to evaluate design proposals and effect design changes to meet the specific life cycle goals that are judged to be the most important for the particular product under consideration.
The Cardiovascular System and Heat Transfer

Humans alter the rate of heat transfer from deep tissues to the body surface by actively adjusting the vasomotor state of internal organs where heat is produced and of the blood vessels of the skin where heat is lost to the environment. In cold environments heat loss is minimized by constriction of cutaneous arterioles and veins. The redistribution of blood flow and blood volume from superficial to deep vessels increases thermal insulation. When heat losses must be increased, the opposite responses are elicited. Then the cardiovascular system must provide for large increments in skin blood flow and also a substantial volume of blood must be mobilized to the cutaneous veins from the central vasculature. Thermal balance is modified further by shivering or sweating. This paper focuses on adjustments of the systemic and regional circulations that alter heat transfer during heat stress. Control of sweating is not discussed.
Integrating social equity in highway maintenance and rehabilitation programming: A quantitative approach

Abstract With limited funds and an aging highway infrastructure network, agency decision-makers are tasked with making the most cost-effective decisions while accounting for the environment and social equity. Several studies have accounted for the economic and environmental considerations in infrastructure management decisions. However, there have been limited studies which have proposed quantitative approaches for integrating social equity as part of the highway Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R) decision-making process. To address this gap in the literature, this paper proposes four optimization models (corresponding to policies) for achieving social equity in highway M&R programming. The underlying rationales behind these models include combinations of egalitarian, utilitarian, socialism, and Rawlsian equity theories. The developed models were then implemented in a numerical case study consisting of a network of 500 pavement sections. The case study results were evaluated using average condition scores and adaptations of the Gini Coefficient and the Theil Index. An inter-policy analysis suggests that for a similar performance in network condition, different policies yield varying inequity levels over time. Furthermore, step changes in the budget size also suggest that a higher budget size generally leads to a reduction in inequity although some policies perform better than others.
Real-Time Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimation by Universal Grid Analyzer

This paper presents a real-time Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation performed by the distribution level phasor measurement unit, Universal Grid Analyzer (UGA). The hardware and software architectures of the UGA are discussed followed by the introduction of SNR estimation algorithm. To verify the effectiveness of both SNR estimation algorithm and its implementation, a real world test bench is set up in the laboratory. The experimental results validate the implementation of the existing SNR algorithm which has maximum of 5 dB error in real-time measurement.
Aspirin Effect on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Stage 1 Hypertension in a High-Risk Cohort.

Recently, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines revised the recommendations for diagnosis of chronic hypertension. The new classification system includes a diagnosis of stage 1 hypertension in adults with blood pressures 130 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg. We sought to compare outcomes among women at high risk for preeclampsia with stage 1 hypertension and assessed whether women with stage 1 hypertension had benefit from aspirin treatment compared with high-risk normotensive women. We performed a secondary analysis of the high-risk aspirin trial and included women with prior preeclampsia or diabetes mellitus. Among these women, 827 (81%) were classified as normotensive, whereas 193 (19%) were classified as stage 1 hypertensive. Among women receiving placebo, preeclampsia occurred significantly more often in women with stage 1 hypertension compared with normotensive high-risk women after adjustment for maternal age and body mass index (39.1% versus 15.1%; risk ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.74–3.55). Further, women with stage 1 hypertension had a significant risk reduction related to aspirin prophylaxis (risk ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.94) that was not seen in normotensive high-risk women (risk ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–1.34). Application of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines in a high-risk population demonstrates that in the setting of other risk factors, the presence of stage 1 hypertension is associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia when compared with high-risk normotensive women. These findings emphasize the importance of recognition of stage 1 hypertension as an additive risk factor in women at high risk for preeclampsia and the benefit of aspirin.
Is There a Cost-Effective Means of Training Microenterprises?

Despite billions of dollars spent by policy institutions and academics, very few programs designed to increase managerial skills among microenterprises are cost-effective. This short paper highligh...
Dynamic Modeling and Optimal Design for Net Zero Energy Houses Including Hybrid Electric and Thermal Energy Storage

Net zero energy (NZE) houses purchase zero net metered electricity from the grid over a year. Technical challenges brought forth by NZE homes are related to the intermittent nature of solar generation, and are due to the fact that peak solar generation and load are not coincident. This leads to a large rate of change of load, and in case of high PV penetration communities, often requires the installation of gas power plants to service this variability. This article proposes a hybrid energy storage system including batteries and a variable power electric water heater which enables the NZE homes to behave like dispatchable generators or loads, thereby reducing the rate of change of the net power flow from the house. A co-simulation framework, INSPIRE+D, which enables the dynamic simulation of electricity usage in a community of NZE homes, and their connection to the grid is enabled. The calculated instantaneous electricity usage is validated through experimental data from a field demonstrator in southern Kentucky. It is demonstrated that when the operation of the proposed hybrid energy storage system is coordinated with solar PV generation, the required size and ratings of the battery would be substantially reduced while still maintaining the same functionality. Methodologies for sizing the battery and solar panels are developed.
Strategies for the Prevention of Environmental Neurotoxic Illness1

Toxic chemicals in the environment can cause a wide range of neurological disease. High-dose exposures to environmental neurotoxicants have produced encephalopathy in children ingesting chips of lead-based paint, blindness in persons who ingested methanol, blindness and ataxia in persons who consumed organic mercury, spinal cord degeneration and peripheral neuropathy in persons exposed to triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP), and Parkinsonism in persons exposed to MPTP or to manganese. Environmental neurotoxicants have also been shown to produce a wide range of subclinical neurotoxic effects, including reduction in intelligence, impairment in reasoning ability, shortening of attention span, and alternation of behavior. The first step in the prevention of environmental neurotoxicity is to test chemicals for their toxic potential. More than 70,000 chemicals are currently in commerce. However, except for pharmaceuticals, fewer than 10% of these chemicals have been tested for neurotoxicity. A logical approach to neurotoxicologic assessment of chemical substances will build on and extend currently available test systems. It will have a tiered structure. The first or screening tier will consist of tests to measure obvious structural and functional changes, often a functional observational battery. Subsequent levels of testing will be guided by the results of initial screening. Toxicologie testing must be supplemented by epidemiologic surveillance of populations exposed to known and suspect neurotoxicants. Screening programs in these populations designed to detect excessive absorption of a neurotoxic agent or subclinical neurological dysfunction can be useful in identifying affected individuals before severe disability occurs. © 1993 Academic Press, inc.
Voluntary alcohol consumption is increased in female, but not male, oxytocin receptor knockout mice

Introduction The oxytocin (Oxt) system, while typically associated with the neural regulation of social behaviors, also plays a role in an individual's vulnerability to develop alcohol use disorders (AUD). In humans, changes to the Oxt system, due to early life experience and/or genetic mutations, are associated with increased vulnerability to AUD. While a considerable amount is known about Oxt's role in AUD in males, less is known or understood, about how Oxt may affect AUD in females, likely due to many clinical and preclinical studies of AUD not directly considering sex as a biological variable. This is unfortunate given that females are more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol and have increased alcohol consumption, as compared to males. Therefore, in the current study we wanted to determine whether genetic disruption of the Oxt receptor (Oxtr), that is, Oxtr knockout (-/-) mice, affected stress-induced alcohol consumption in males and females. We hypothesized that genetic disruption of the Oxtr would result in increased stress-induced alcohol consumption in both males and females compared to wild-type (+/+) controls. Though, we predicted that these disruptions might be greater in female Oxtr -/- mice. Methods To test this hypothesis, a two-bottle preference test was utilized along with the forced swim test (FST), and pre- and poststress alcohol consumption and preference measured within each sex (males and females were run separately). As a follow-up experiment, a taste preference test, to control for possible genotypic differences in taste, was also performed. Results In males, we found no significant genotypic differences in alcohol consumption or preference. However, in females, we found that genetic disruption of the Oxtr resulted in a greater consumption of alcohol both pre- and poststress compared to controls. Conclusion These data suggest that in females, disruptions in Oxt signaling may contribute to increased vulnerability to alcohol-associated addiction.
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Nerve Block for the Treatment of Migraine Headaches in the Pediatric Population.

BACKGROUND Persistent headaches and migraines are common in pediatrics with various treatment options. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has been identified as communicating with the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system and pain receptors. In adults, SPG block is an established treatment but there is no published literature in pediatrics. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to analyze the SPG block in pediatrics. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, single-center study. SETTING This study was conducted at Phoenix Children's Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona. METHODS A comprehensive review of patient charts from 2015-2018 of all pediatric SPG blockades performed by interventional radiology were included in the analysis. Utilizing fluoroscopic guidance, a SphenoCath was inserted into each nostril and after confirming position, and 4% lidocaine injected. Pre- and postprocedural pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Immediate and acute complications were documented. RESULTS A total of 489 SPG blocks were performed in patients between ages 6 and 26 years who were diagnosed with migraine or status migrainosus. One hundred percent technical success was achieved with mean reduction of pain scores of 2.4, which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There were no immediate or acute complications. LIMITATIONS Results of this study were based on retrospective study. The use of VAS may be subjective, and the need of a prospective study may be necessary. CONCLUSIONS With 100% technical success, statistically significant pain reduction, and no complications, we support SPG block in the pediatric population as a simple, efficacious, and safe treatment option for refractory headaches. It is routinely performed in less than 10 minutes and commonly negates the need for inpatient headache pain management. Given its minimal invasivity, we support the use of SPG blockade as a therapeutic treatment in refractory pediatric migraines as it reduces the need for intravenous medications, prolonged pain control, or hospital admission.
Legitimation and Textual Evidence: How the Snowden Leaks Reshaped the ACLU’s Online Writing About NSA Surveillance:

Scholars in discourse studies have defined legitimation as the justification (and critique) of powerful institutions and their practices. In moments of crisis, legitimation tactics often shift. Thi...
Music, Biology, and Math: An Evolutionary Play in the Ecological Theater

How did I get here? I will talk about how my father's serendipitous acceptance of a six-week teaching assistantship at the University of Colorado lead to lead to my growing up in Boulder, Colorado, and how early immersion in an environment full of music, biology, and math (in that order) inspired my early interest in trying to understand the workings of nature (including the humans in it). How an early family tragedy turned my course towards the study of the mathematical and computational sciences and operations research at Stanford, and on to a career at FICO and AT&T Bell Labs. And then returning back to my childhood interest in biology to pursue a Ph.D. in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology with an emphasis on theoretical and computation ecology. It is an evolutionary play in the ecological theater (referring to "The Ecological Theatre and the Evolutionary Play" (1965) by the pioneering theoretical ecologist, George Evelyn Hutchinson). And I will tell you what the combination of music, biology, and math have to do with what I do now as a lead modeling and simulation engineer at MITRE.
Improving time for administration of second-line antiseizure medications for children with generalized convulsive status epilepticus using quality improvement methodology.

Objective Status epilepticus is a life-threatening neurological emergency. However, delay in median time to administration of second-line antiseizure medication exists. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to decrease the average delay before fosphenytoin is administered for pediatric patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus from 30 min (baseline data collected in 2013) to 15 min (50% reduction) by December 2015 and sustain this for 1 year. Methods Our team conducted an analysis of baseline data for patients with continuous generalized convulsive status epilepticus who received fosphenytoin after receiving first-line benzodiazepine treatment. Using quality improvement methodology, areas for improvement were identified and specific interventions developed and implemented. A timeline of 15 min to initiate fosphenytoin administration after failure of first-line treatment was considered reasonable and achievable as a project aim. Results A total of 199 patients were included in the dataset for the project. The database included patients aged 1 month and older. Ninety-eight percent of patients were between 1 month and 19 years of age. The gender distribution was even, with 54% of patients being White or Caucasian, 30% African American or Black, and 16% classified as "other." From January 2014 through December 2019, the average time before initiating fosphenytoin administration after failure of benzodiazepine therapy, for patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus, decreased from 30 min (SD = 45.7) to 11.4 min (SD = 8.2, p = .043), thus reducing time to administration by 62%. Significance Quality improvement methodology can be successfully applied to decrease administration time between first- and second-line antiseizure medications for status epilepticus.
Timing of referral to peripheral nerve specialists in patients with postoperative C5 palsy

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the association between electrophysiology data post-C5-palsy and referral to peripheral nerve surgeons (PNS) using a 15-year cohort of patients who underwent posterior cervical decompression. Endpoints included the associations of postoperative treatments employed with functional recovery and abnormal electrophysiology data. Of 77 included patients (median 64 yr; 68% male), 48% completely recovered. The most common treatments were physical therapy (90%), occupational therapy (34%), oral corticosteroids (18%), and PNS referral (17%). Baseline weakness did not associate with PNS referral or postoperative treatment strategy. None of the treatments predicted recovery, though patients with no [versus complete] recovery were more likely to be recommended for nerve transfers (22.2 vs 0%; p = 0.03). Abnormal electromyography data associated with PNS referral (p
Relationship between 18F-flortaucipir uptake and histologic lesion types in 4-repeat tauopathies.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are 4-repeat tauopathies with overlapping, but also morphologically distinct tau immunoreactive lesions that vary in count by brain region. 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography uptake has been reported to correlate with overall tau burden, and in one CBD case to have greater affinity to threads than tangles. We determine whether 18F-flortaucipir uptake is associated with histologic lesion type in 4-repeat tauopathies. Methods: We performed semi-quantitative regional lesion counts on pretangles/neurofibrillary tangles, threads, oligodendroglial coiled bodies, tufted astrocytes, and astrocytic plaques in 29 autopsied 4-repeat tauopathies (PSP = 16; CBD=13). Regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results:18F-flortaucipir uptake marginally correlated with threads in the precentral cortex (P = 0.04) and with astrocytic lesions in the red nucleus (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The findings do not support 18F-flortaucipir having differential affinity to any 4-repeat tau lesion type.
Evolution of touch and proprioception of the limbs: Insights from fish and humans.

Abstract The function of the hands is inextricably linked to cutaneous mechanosensation, both in touch and in how hand movement and posture (proprioception) are controlled. The structure and behavior of hands and distal forelimbs of other vertebrates have been evolutionarily shaped by these mechanosensory functions. The distal forelimb of tetrapod vertebrates is homologous to the pectoral fin rays and membrane of fishes. Fish fins demonstrate similar mechanosensory abilities to hands and other distal tetrapod forelimbs in touch and proprioception. These results indicate that vertebrates were using the core mechanosensory inputs, such as fast adapting and slow adapting nerve responses, to inform fin and limb function and behavior before their diversification in fish and tetrapod lineages.
Relationship of galvanic skin response to task difficulty, personality traits, and motivation.

Abstract This study was concerned with the relation of galvanic skin response to task difficulty, feeling and emotion, and to motivation. Each of the 39 subjects was asked to make four contractions on a hand dynamometer of specific kilograms, calculated to be 50, 70, 90, and 110 percent of his maximal contraction. The subjects were categorized by scores on each of the three personality measures, and two subgroups were defined on the basis of scores on the n Ach (French Test of Insight) and the N scale (Neuroticism scale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory). The conclusions were that task difficulty is reflected in GSR scores, with the more difficult tasks associated with a greater rise in GSR; that subjects dichotomized by their scores on each of three personality scales cannot be differentiated by GSR scores; and that subjects scoring high on n Ach and low on the N scale had higher mean GSR scores than subjects scoring high on the N scale and low on the n Ach.
Use of topical minoxidil as a possible adjunct to hair transplant surgery: A pilot study

Twelve patients, aged 21 to 60 years, with varying Hamilton classifications of androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness) were treated with a 3% solution of topical minoxidil. Therapy began 48 to 72 hours after hair transplant surgery. Two patients demonstrated hair growth in the grafts without the shedding that usually occurs 2 to 4 weeks after surgery. (In untreated patients after hair transplant surgery, regrowth begins 3 to 5 months after surgery, after the shedding period.) A review of the literature—and personal discussions with surgeons whose hair transplant experience spans 25 years—revealed no evidence of a similar report. In addition, two of the remaining 10 patients had regrowth
Bleeding per vaginam is associated with funisitis in women with preterm prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes.

Please cite this paper as: Grotegut C, Johnson L, Fitzpatrick C, Heine R, Swamy G, Murtha A. Bleeding per vaginam is associated with funisitis in women with preterm prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes. BJOG 2011;118:735–740. Objective To evaluate the risk of funisitis among women with preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) and subsequent bleeding per vaginam. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting A University Hospital in the USA. Population A total of 157 women with PPROM, divided into those with bleeding per vaginam during the hospital admission (n = 46) and those without bleeding per vaginam (n = 111). Methods Pathologist blinded to bleeding status assessed placental pathology for funisitis. Main outcome measures Funisitis. Results Women with bleeding per vaginam were more likely to have funisitis (67.4% versus 36%, P < 0.001) compared with those without bleeding. Logistic regression demonstrated that bleeding per vaginam predicted funisitis after controlling for gestational age at admission, latency period and gestational age at delivery. Conclusions Among women with PPROM, those with bleeding per vaginam are more likely to have funisitis than those without bleeding per vaginam.
Preliminary modeling results of a thermal neutron source driven with an electron linac

An electron linac, fitted with a standard x-ray converter, can produce high neutron yields in materials with low photonuclear threshold energies, such as D and 9Be. This paper discusses the preliminary MCNP modeling of a thermal neutron source driven with a 10 MeV electron linac operated in the CW mode. Results indicate that a 10 MeV, 10 kW electron linac can produce on the order of 1012 n/sec in a heavy water photoneutron target. The thermal neutron flux in an unreflected heavy water target is nearly 1010 n/cm2/sec. Current modeling results are discussed.
Speaking rate consistency in native and non-native speakers of English

Non-native speech differs from native speech in multiple ways. Previous research has described segmental and suprasegmental differences between native and non-native speech in terms of group averages. For example, average speaking rate for non-natives is slower than for natives. However, it is unknown whether non-native speech is also more variable than native speech. This study introduces a method of comparing rate change across utterances, demonstrating that non-native speaking rate is more variable than native speech. These results suggest that future work examining non-native speech perception and production should investigate both mean differences and variability in the signal.
Insights into Mechanisms of Cisplatin Resistance and Potential for Its Clinical Reversal

Cisplatin in combination with other cytotoxic agents is the backbone for a potential cure of testicular germ cell neoplasms and is a critical factor in the substantial activity observed in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and ovarian germ cell tumors. Resistance to cisplatin at the onset of treatment or at relapse limits its curative potential, however. Laboratory studies using both cells selected for cisplatin resistance by exposure to sublethal concentrations and biopsy specimens from patients' tumors provide insights for the potential mechanisms of resistance. The mechanisms identified in vitro include a complex and wide array of related and unrelated pathways such as alterations in cellular drug transport, enhanced DNA repair dependent and independent of signal transduction pathways, and enhanced intracellular detoxification such as glutathione and metallothionein systems. Studies of these mechanisms have identified a number of agents with known potential for administration to humans and that reverse cisplatin resistance in vitro; for example, reversal of cellular accumulation defects by dipyridamole; inhibition of DNA repair by hydroxyurea, pentoxifylline, and novobiocin; inhibition of the glutathione system by ethacrynic acid and buthionine sulfoximine; and inhibition of signal transduction pathways by cyclosporine, tamoxifen, and calcium channel-blocking agents. Current phase I clinical trials are focusing on the most effective doses and schedules to administer these agents in combination with cisplatin. Initial uncontrolled trials in limited numbers of patients suggest that the addition of modulators of cisplatin has the potential to reverse resistance in patients previously failing therapy. Another promising avenue for circumventing cisplatin resistance is the development of noncross-resistant platinum analogs.
Dietary management of adult hypertension by the duration of its diagnosis (628.10)

This research focuses on dietary behaviors for hypertension management which emphasize the importance of healthy eating such as nutrition intake and food choices. These modifiable dietary behaviors...
Selective Neuronal Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein with Cytomegalovirus Promoter Reveals Entire Neuronal Arbor in Transgenic Mice

In simple nervous systems, identified groups of neurons can be studied in depth. To allow the same advantage in the mammalian brain, we have generated green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice in which only a few types of neurons are strongly labeled with a fluorescent molecule, which the neurons synthesize internally, allowing the cells, their dendrites, filopodia, and axons to be identified in both living and fixed CNS, in slices and culture. The same neurons, with GFP expression controlled by part of the major immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), show GFP beginning early in development, from one generation to the next, allowing cellular and physiological studies of axonal and dendritic growth, fate mapping, anatomical connections, and synapse formation in identified neurons. The human CMV promoter sequence we used was different from that used in previous work with other reporter genes and gave a dramatically different pattern of expression. Two transgenic lines with the same CMV promoter show similar anatomical patterns of expression in the present study. Strong GFP labeling was found in a subpopulation of mossy fibers that innervated parasagittal bands in the cerebellar cortex and olfactory axons that projected into the olfactory bulb, subsets of motoneurons and dorsal root ganglion cells, granule but not mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, and a group of neurons in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. A novel type of neuron was strongly labeled in the olfactory bulb external plexiform layer. In normal brains, CMV does not constitute a threat, but in the developing brain, CMV can cause debilitating neurodegeneration and death; studies using the CMV promoter aid in understanding the affinity of CMV that has been suggested for specific brain regions.
State Managed Care Patient Protection Laws Dataset

This database provides information on state managed care patient protection and liability laws, through Dec. 31, 2003. Laws were identified first by researching existing compilations. Then, the original source for each law was obtained and reviewed to confirm, revise, or refine the content. Independent research was done to fill in obvious or suspected gaps in these compilations. Also, regulators were surveyed in each state to confirm and supplement information about these laws, in order to determine inaccuracies and missing information. This dataset focuses on the cluster of laws frequently contained in managed care "patients' bill of rights" laws enacted by the states beginning in the mid 1990s. Laws more typically found as part of basic HMO or utilization review legislation are not included. Some of these laws long predate the mid-1990s enactments or were enacted as part of other legislative packages, for example, any-willing provider laws, or definitions of medical necessity. For categories of laws that are tracked here, all such laws identified are included regardless of when and where they were enacted. For each of about 20 laws, and in each state plus D.C., the dataset indicates whether such a law exists, its effective date, and what version of the law the state has among various major variations that might exist.
Cross-shell multielectron ionization of xenon by an ultrastrong laser field

Strong field ionization measurements of xenon from 10/sup 13/ W/cm/sup 2/ to 10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/ show enhanced rescattering ionization for charge states as high as Xe/sup +10/ and a multiphoton/tunneling ionization character dictated by the Kepler orbit time.
Identification of a putative yeast homolog of the mammalian beta chains of the clathrin-associated protein complexes.

Abstract The clathrin-associated protein complexes are heterotetrameric structures believed to interact with clathrin and with membrane components of mammalian coated pits and coated vesicles. I have identified a yeast homolog of the mammalian beta-type large chains, suggesting the existence in yeast cells of clathrin-associated protein complexes. A sequence comparison between the putative yeast beta-type chain and its mammalian counterparts shows that their amino-terminal domains are related over their entire length and that their carboxyl-terminal domains diverge completely. This observation is consistent with our earlier proposal (T. Kurchhausen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2612-2616, 1989) for the bifunctional-domain organization of the large chains, in which the invariant amino-terminal region interacts with conserved proteins of the coat while the variable carboxyl-terminal domain interacts with different membrane components of coated pits and coated vesicles.
CNS sarcoidosis: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

Reports of findings on unenhanced MR images and contrast-enhanced CT scans in patients with intracranial sarcoidosis have suggested that MR imaging without contrast enhancement may miss meningeal involvement, which is a frequent and prominent finding in neurosarcoidosis. We studied 14 patients with CNS sarcoidosis with T1- and T2-weighted pre- and postcontrast sequences and T1-weighted postcontrast sequences. Eight of 12 patients with intracranial sarcoidosis and one of two with spinal sarcoidosis had meningeal involvement that was not apparent on the unenhanced scans. Eight of 12 patients had intraaxial areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, although only two of these lesions enhanced. Three patients had enhancing extraaxial masses mimicking meningiomas on postcontrast T1-weighted images. In two patients, the lesions decreased markedly in size after steroid treatment. In one patient with sarcoidosis of the optic nerve, the lesion decreased in size and the patient9s vision returned to normal after Cytoxan therapy. In five of 14 patients, CNS findings were the initial clinical manifestation of the disease. In nine of 14 patients, the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was suggested only after administration of contrast agent. Use of gadopentetate dimeglumine greatly enhances the sensitivity of MR imaging in the detection of CNS sarcoidosis.
Screw dislocations near circular inclusions

The elastic fields of a screw dislocation near an arbitrary number of elastic circular cylindrical inclusions is given. The inclusions can have arbitrary radii and shear moduli. The elastic energy of and force on the dislocation is derived and discussed in terms of possible equilibrium positions for the dislocation. Die Spannungsfelder einer Schraubenversetzung in der Nahe einer beliebigen Anzahl elastischer, kreiszylindrischer Einschlusse werden angegeben. Die Einschlusse konnen beliebige Halbmesser und Schubmoduli haben. Die elastische Energie und die Kraft auf eine Versetzung wird abgeleitet und in Abhangigkeit von moglichen Gleichgewichtslagen der Versetzung diskutiert.
Nonparaxial wave propagation with modified Arnoldi method

Modified Arnoldi method combining with complex Pade square root approximation suitable for large divergence angle beam propagation has been developed. We demonstrate its performance for one dimensional wide angle beam propagation here.
Nonrenewable resources in economic, social, and environmental sustainability

This paper reviews the linkages among energy and mineral resources and economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Nonrenewable resources are shown to be integral components of sustainability, regardless of which paradigmatic definition of the concept is invoked. Potential measures of the degree to which nonrenewable resources contribute to or detract from sustainability are presented. We conclude that a set of such measures should be incorporated in the comprehensive framework of sustainability currently being developed by the Federal government. National scale indicators could be presented within the structure of the seven criteria from the Santiago Declaration, whereas a life cycle or materials flow approach could be used when sustainability of specific resources is at issue.
Absorptivity of nitric oxide in the fundamental vibrational band

Abstract From observations of the spectral absorbance of mixtures of nitric oxide in nitrogen at room temperature, we derive an integrated absorptivity for the NO fundamental band of 137.3±4.6 cm -2 atm -1 at 0°C. The indicated uncertainty is the estimated maximum error.
Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases in India.

There has been a remarkable progress in the prevention, control and even eradication of infectious diseases with improved hygiene and development of antimicrobials and vaccines. However, infectious diseases still remain a leading cause of global disease burden with high morbidity and mortality especially in the developing world. Furthermore, there have been threats of new diseases during the past three decades due to the evolution and adaptation of microbes and the re-emergence of old diseases due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the capacity to spread to new geographic areas. The impact of the emerging and re-emerging diseases in India has been tremendous at socioeconomic and public health levels. Their control requires continuing surveillance, research and training, better diagnostic facilities and improved public health system. Emerging and reemerging zoonotic diseases, foodborne and waterborne diseases and diseases caused by multiresistant organisms constitute the major threats in India. This review of bacterial emerging and re-emerging diseases should be of critical importance to microbiologists, clinicians, public health personnel and policy makers in India.
Multiuser cognitive access of continuous time Markov channels: Maximum throughput and effective bandwidth regions

The problem of sharing multiple channels owned by primary users with multiple cognitive users is considered. Each primary user transmits on its dedicated channel, and its occupancy is modeled by a continuous time Markov process. Each cognitive user is capable of sensing one channel at a time and it transmits according to a slotted structure. The transmissions of cognitive users on each channel are subject to a prescribed collision constraint. Under tight collision constraints, the maximum throughput region is obtained by a policy referred to as Orthogonalized Periodic Sensing with Memoryless Access (OPS-MA). Characterizations of the maximum throughput region are also provided when the collision constraints are loose. It is shown that the OPS-MA policy achieves the maximum sum-rate under all collision constraints when the number of cognitive users equals to that of the primary users. Inner and outer bounds for the effective bandwidth region are formulated as a pair of convex optimizations. When there are only two channels, corner points (the single user scenario) of the optimal effective bandwidth region are also obtained.