cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Basis for Gender Differences in the Demand-Withdraw Pattern

During marital conflict, wives tend to demand and husbands tend to withdraw. These behaviors were historically thought to stem from essential differences between men and women. An alternative explanation implicates one form of power differences—wives desire more change and, therefore, demand; husbands desire less change and withdraw to maintain status quo. Studying samesex as well as cross-sex couples enables an evaluation of both explanations. We examined demand-withdraw behaviors in 63 heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples. The demand-withdraw pattern was seen regardless of type of couple. Further, for all couples, differences in the amount of change desired in partners during a conflict interaction predicted differences in demand and withdraw behaviors. These results offer further evidence that an often-observed difference in heterosexual relationships may result from social conventions that afford men greater power and women less power.
Metabolon Catalysts: An Efficient Model for Multi-enzyme Cascades at Electrode Surfaces

The existence of interactions between sequential enzymes of metabolic pathways has been explored extensively throughout the field of biochemistry. These closely coupled pathways, termed metabolons, have been demonstrated to induce substrate channeling that results in increased efficiency by enhancing local substrate concentrations, protecting liable intermediates, and limiting distance between enzyme active sites. This phenomenon may have direct implication in the advancement of multi-enzyme enzymatic biofuel cells through the use of super-complex formations as bioanode catalysts. This will result in an efficient means of a more complete oxidation of a fuel, while optimizing the flux of the system through the recreation of a phenomenon that is conserved throughout biology.
Universal Dependence of the Critical Temperature in HTS on the Fractional Volume of Nanosize Defects

We report on the effect of randomly-distributed amorphous defects, ~ at the length scale of the superconducting coherence length, on Tc in YBCO. These damages were created by ions irradiation with a wide range of energy and fluence. Typically, in previous experiments, Tc was found to vary with ion fluence, species, energy, and ionization charge, and also on the chemical composition and density of the HTS. Neither a phenomenological nor a theoretical relationship between Tc and these ion properties is however known of. We now show that the decrease in Tc is a universal function of the fractional defect volume embedded in the HTS. We also re-analysed several experiments by others, and find that the same universality applies. This finding provides, for the first time, a means to calculate the effect on Tc of disorder as created by randomly-distributed amorphous nanosize defects.
Influence of environmental temperature and chlorpromazine on biochemical changes following bowel shock.

Summary(1) The extent of biochemical alteration in experimental bowel obstruction shock was related directly and consistently to actual rectal temperatures developed, in both normothermic control rats and those made poikilothermic by chlorpromazine. (2) The value of hypothermia in protecting rats from bowel shock has been demonstrated. (3) Chlorpromazine was beneficial in shock only when its use led to enhancement of hypothermia. Its use at a higher environmental temperature facilitated development of hyperthermia, and aggravated the biochemical syndrome of bowel shock. Chlorpromazine appears to have no specific protective action against shock. (4) Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Dimensionless correlation for sand erosion of families of polymers

Abstract A single correlation for sand erosion of a “family” of polyurethanes is presented. By “family” is meant a group of chemically similar compounds. For the first time, an implication of Truesdell’s [C. Truesdell, The natural time of a viscoelastic fluid: its significance and measurement, Phys. Fluids 7 (8) (1964) 1134–1142] observations regarding the number of dimensional parameters in viscoelastic constitutive equations has been used together with the Pi theorem to prepare a single dimensionless correlation for a group of materials with similar but different forms of constitutive equations, different forms of stress-deformation behavior. To this point, such correlations have been for materials having the same form of constitutive equation, such as Hooke’s law or Newton’s law of viscosity.
Convergence of time dependent perturbation theory for autoionizing states of atoms

Abstract We give a rigorous proof of the convergence of the formulae from time dependent perturbation theory in a variety of cases including Auger states.
A Review of "Fundamentals for the Academic Liaison": Moniz, Richard, Jo Henry, and Joe Eshleman. London: Facet Publishing, 2014, 200 pp., $75.07, ISBN: 978-1-78330-005-1.

In today's constantly changing and complex academic landscape, librarians must adapt and integrate themselves into the classroom environment. They can play a vital role by connecting students, facu...
Bisphenol A sulfonation is impaired in metabolic and liver disease.

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical and suspected endocrine disruptor to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. The liver metabolizes and facilitates BPA excretion through glucuronidation and sulfonation. The sulfotransferase enzymes contributing to BPA sulfonation (detected in human and rodents) is poorly understood. Objectives To determine the impact of metabolic and liver disease on BPA sulfonation in human and mouse livers. Methods The capacity for BPA sulfonation was determined in human liver samples that were categorized into different stages of metabolic and liver disease (including obesity, diabetes, steatosis, and cirrhosis) and in livers from ob/ob mice. Results In human liver tissues, BPA sulfonation was substantially lower in livers from subjects with steatosis (23%), diabetes cirrhosis (16%), and cirrhosis (18%), relative to healthy individuals with non-fatty livers (100%). In livers of obese mice (ob/ob), BPA sulfonation was lower (23%) than in livers from lean wild-type controls (100%). In addition to BPA sulfonation activity, Sult1a1 protein expression decreased by 97% in obese mouse livers. Conclusion Taken together these findings establish a profoundly reduced capacity of BPA elimination via sulfonation in obese or diabetic individuals and in those with fatty or cirrhotic livers versus individuals with healthy livers.
Consumer Perceptions of Credibility and Selling Intent Among Advertisements, Advertorials, and Editorials: A Persuasion Knowledge Model Approach

This article presents the results of a study of consumer reaction to three different types of information delivery in magazines: editorials, advertorials, and advertisements. The study draws on the Persuasion Knowledge Model to examine the effect of each form of information delivery on source influence, source credibility, perceived selling intent and purchase intention. The analysis indicates that the form of information delivery in print media affects the perceived credibility of the source of the information, the perceived selling intention and the purchase intention. Implications for marketers and policy-makers are also discussed.
CASE: Advantages and Disadvantages

We have mentioned CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) in previous chapters. Although its meanings can vary, CASE is traditionally defined as “a comprehensive label for software designed to use computers in all phases of computer development, from planning and modeling through coding and documentation. CASE represents a working environment consisting of programs and other development tools that help managers, systems analysts, programmers, and others automate the design and implementation of programs and procedures for business, engineering, and scientific computer systems.”22 CASE became popular during the late 1970s as a way of automating and integrating modeling tools. It allows for the creation and maintenance of data repositories, which provide organizations with a tool to establish a central place to store all of their data elements. Figure 6.1 shows the common components of most integrated CASE products.
Hardiness Enhances Effectiveness and Fulfillment

Hardiness is a personality pattern of attitudes and strategies that helps people turn life’s ongoing stresses from potential disasters into growth opportunities instead. The hardy attitudes are commitment (you want to stay involved with others and circumstances), control (you want to keep trying to influence outcomes), and challenge (you see life as normally stressful, and an opportunity to learn and grow). These attitudes give you the courage and motivation to do the hard work of turning stresses to advantage. This involves the hardy strategies of problem-solving coping, socially supportive interactions, and beneficial self-care. By now, more than 35 years of theorizing, research, and practice shows the effectiveness of hardiness in dealing with stresses by growing.
What to Do With CO2

Indirectly heated gas liquid and char converters (IHGLCCs) are employed to investigate several means of using or sequestering CO2. As a gasification agent CO2 is used with IHGLCCs to substantially increase gaseous energy output for a given carbonaceous feedstock. IHGLCCs are also used for mild oxidation of coal and for mild pyrolysis of biomass to produce humate type soil amendments. These soil amendments can indirectly sequester CO2 by enhanced plant growth and the atmospheric scrubbing action of plants (photosynthesis-respiration). Results of attempts to convert coal-biomass blends into an activated charcoal that can scrub CO2 and also become useful soil organic carbon are inconclusive as yet but appear promising. Countries that must import oil or have agriculturally depleted lands need “omnivorous” feedstock converters to upgrade available domestic feedstock into fuels, chemicals and chars that serve their energy, agricultural and other needs. The results of exploratory research directed at applying IHGLCC forms of omnivorous feedstock converters to using or sequestering CO2 are reported. IHGLCC technology should also be useful in mitigating potential global greenhouse problems and CO2 and waste disposal problems on space missions.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
Common Errors in Measurement of Irrigation Water

Devices and structures for measuring irrigation water are usually subjected to changes in water levels upstream; approach to meet this problem is standardization and calibration of measuring equipment; magnitude of errors resulting from changes in certain dimensions, incorrect settings, changes in flow patterns, and other deviations evaluated for some of commonly used measuring devices.
The Discovery–Collection Librarian Connection: Cultivating Collaboration for Better Discovery

Discovery layers and remote access are the standard way to access and find academic library resources, making metadata, link resolvers, and indexing important considerations at the time of selection and throughout the lifespan of an electronic resource. Collection development librarians must be aware of how resources will function with and appear in the library's discovery layer. This awareness is an opportunity for collection development and discovery librarians to share their knowledge and collaborate to provide the best discovery for the library's resources. This case study examines ways the Electronic Access and Discovery unit at Auraria Library has fostered that relationship.
Large intersections of large sets

(1) VERTICAL LINES. The answer depends, of course, on the meaning one attaches to "many" and "large". The natural meaning of "many" involves cardinal numbers so that, for instance, a collection could be said to have "many" members if it is uncountable, or if it is just infinite, or even if it is just not empty. If "large" is interpreted to have the same (cardinal-number) meaning, then the answer to the question is no. Example: the vertical lines in the plane constitute an uncountable collection of uncountable sets such that the intersection of every subcollection with more than one element is as small as possible, namely, empty. Since set-theoretically the plane and the line are the same, it is easy to produce a similar example in the line: there exists an uncountable collection of pairwise disjoint uncountable subsets of, say, the unit interval.
Combined Heat Treatments and Cold Storage Effects on Mortality of Fifth-Instar Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Combined heat treatments and cold storage have potential as a quarantine treatment for fifth instar of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Larvae were subjected to heat treatments of 43,44, or 45°C for 30 min, followed by cold storage at 5 or 0°C for up to 28 d. Combinations of these treatments increased larval mortality compared with either treatment alone. Mortality increased with increasing intensity of heat treatment and duration of cold storage. Combination treatments could be effective in commodities, such as apples and pears, which can endure short periods of heat stress and prolonged cold storage.
Rbm24, an RNA-binding protein and a target of p53, regulates p21 expression via mRNA stability.

p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is necessary for proper control of the cell cycle and premature senescence. Thus, p21 expression needs to be tightly controlled. In this study, we found that Rbm24, an RNA-binding protein and a target gene of the p53 protein, can regulate p21 expression via mRNA stability. Specifically, we showed that Rbm24 is induced by DNA damage and Mdm2 inhibitor Nutlin-3. We also found that p53 protein binds to and activates the promoter of the Rbm24 gene. Moreover, we found that overexpression of Rbm24 increases, whereas knockdown of Rbm24 decreases, p21 mRNA and protein expression. In addition, we demonstrated that overexpression of Rbm24 enhances the half-life of p21 transcript. Consistent with this, we provided evidence that Rbm24 binds to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of p21 transcript and an AU/U-rich element in the p21 3′-UTR is necessary for Rbm24 to increase p21 expression. Finally, we showed that the RNA recognition motif in Rbm24 is required for binding to p21 transcript and subsequently for inducing p21 expression. Altogether, we uncovered that Rbm24 is a novel player in the p53 pathway, which may be explored to restore proper cell cycle control in p53-deficient tumors via p21.
Distribution of phosphorus in the blood

It is well known that when blood is allowed to stand after it has been drawn, its content of inorganic phosphate will gradually increase to 1 mgm. or more above the figure which is obtained when the determination is carried out immediately. This indicates that the organic substances containing phosphoric acid which occur in the blood, particularly in the red cells, in connection with which Greenwald has introduced the name “acid soluble phosphorus” are slowly hydrolyzed to yield inorganic phosphate. This hydrolysis, however, is incomplete even when aided by boiling with dilute acid. This finding would seem to indicate that there must be two types of organic phosphoric acid combination in the blood,—one of which is easily hydrolyzed and the other one not. To investigate this further, we have carried out phosphorus determinations by Tisdall's micromethod on the protein-free filtrate of blood, obtained by means of trichloracetic acid. We determined the inorganic phosphate immediately and again after boiling ...
Compact, 1.55µm Spot-Size Converters for InP Based Photonic Integrated Circuits

Optical spot-size converters are a key enabling technology for photonic integrated circuits. By simultaneously reducing the coupling loss and increasing the alignment tolerance to optical fibers, spot-size converters can dramatically lower the insertion loss and simplify packaging of photonic integrated circuits, especially multiple input/ output devices.
Biological and epidemiological characteristics of food-borne staphylococcus aureus in Fuyang during 2010-2013

Objective To understand the pulsed-field gel electrophoreiss( PFGE) type,enterotoxin type and drug resistance of food-borne staphylococcus aureus isolates from food in Fuyang from 2010 to 2013,and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of the food-borne diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus. Methods Forty-two strains of staphylococcus aureus were carried out molecular typing by PFGE technology and cluster analysis by BioNumerics6. 6 software. Enterotoxin typing test and drug resistance test were employed to analyze the biochemical characteristics of these strains. Results There were 2 enterotoxin-producing strains in the 42 staphylococcus aureus isolates,and both were SEA,accouting for 4. 8%. Drug resistance test results showed that the 42 staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% sensitive to vancomycin and resistant to 11 antibiotics to varying degrees. The total 42 isolates were divided into 38 PFGE patterns,with the homology of 27. 2% ~ 100%. Conclusion The staphylococcus aureus isolates from food in Fuyang exhibited serious drug resistance and multidrug resistance,lower enterotoxin-producing rate,and multiple molecular types. This study has established the database of biochemical characteristics and PFGE patterns of staphylococcus aureus in Fuyang.
Correlates of preoperative hematocrit value in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass.

The patient’s preoperative red cell volume and hematocrit value are among the strongest predictors of need for postoperative transfusion. We have determined the factors that correlate with preoperative hematocrit value. We performed multiple regression analysis with preoperative hematocrit value as the dependent variable. The factors that were significantly correlated with preoperative hematocrit value, in order of their decreasing contribution to variability, were sex, date of operation, preoperative hospital stay, weight, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, age, smoking history, and recent myocardial infarction (
Fertilization and cleavage of mouse oocytes exposed to the conditions of human oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization

Ova from two strains of mice (a hybrid-inbred strain, B6D2F1, and a random-bred strain, CD1) were shocked by exposure to environmental conditions possibly encountered by human oocytes retrieved for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Shocked and control mouse ova were fertilized in vitro in either simple or complex media and zygote development to morulae and blastocyst stages compared with that of zygotes fertilized in vivo. Development of the hybrid-inbred zygotes following fertilization in the simple media of shocked and control ova was essentially the same as for ova fertilized in vivo (84 +/- 6.6, 89 +/- 1.6, 87 +/- 6.0% to the 2-cell stage and 89 +/- 5.2, 94 +/- 2.3, 99 +/- 1.0% of two cells to blastocysts, respectively); development in the complex media also was the same following fertilization of shocked and control ova (80 +/- 8.7, 90 +/- 2.7% to two cells and 33 +/- 3.5, 35 +/- 4.5% of two cells to blastocysts, respectively) but lower than that of in vivo zygotes (92 +/- 4.6 to two cells, 58 +/- 4.7 two cells to blastocysts). In contrast, the fertilization and development in the simple media of shocked and control random-bred ova was lower and more variable (90 +/- 5.8, 67 +/- 11.1% to two cells and 17 +/- 8.3, 42 +/- 13.6% two cells to blastocysts, respectively) than the development of in vivo zygotes (96 +/- 1.5% to two cells, 51 +/- 5.5 two cells to blastocysts).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Repair of injury in Salmonella anatum cells after freezing and thawing in milk

Abstract Fast freezing and slow thawing of Salmonella anatum cells in nonfat milk solids resulted in about 20% death and 50% injury of the cells surviving the treatment. Death was defined as the inability to form colonies on a nonselective plating medium [xylose-lysine-peptone agar (XLP)] after freezing and thawing. Injury was defined as the inability to form colonies on a selective plating medium (XLP with 0.2% sodium desoxycholate added). The injured cells repaired rapidly and within 2 hr at 25 °C, in the presence of 0.1% milk solids; all the injured cells regained the ability to form colonies on the selective medium. The treated cells showed a 1-hr extended lag phase of growth as compared to the unfrozen cells. Milk solids concentration in the freezing and repair menstrua influenced injury, repair of injury, and death. The repair process was affected by the pH and temperature of environment in which the injured cells were incubated. Maximum repair occurred at pH values between 6.0 and 7.4 and temperatures from 25 to 42 °C. The data suggested repair did not require the synthesis of protein, ribonucleic acid, or cell-wall mucopeptide but did require energy synthesis.
Wearable Biosensors to Detect Physiologic Change During Opioid Use

Opioid analgesic use is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, yet effective treatment programs have a limited ability to detect relapse. The utility of current drug detection methods is often restricted due to their retrospective and subjective nature. Wearable biosensors have the potential to improve detection of relapse by providing objective, real time physiologic data on opioid use that can be used by treating clinicians to augment behavioral interventions. Thirty emergency department (ED) patients who were prescribed intravenous opioid medication for acute pain were recruited to wear a wristband biosensor. The biosensor measured electrodermal activity, skin temperature and locomotion data, which was recorded before and after intravenous opioid administration. Hilbert transform analyses combined with paired t-tests were used to compare the biosensor data A) within subjects, before and after administration of opioids; B) between subjects, based on hand dominance, gender, and opioid use history. Within subjects, a significant decrease in locomotion and increase in skin temperature were consistently detected by the biosensors after opioid administration. A significant change in electrodermal activity was not consistently detected. Between subjects, biometric changes varied with level of opioid use history (heavy vs. nonheavy users), but did not vary with gender or type of opioid. Specifically, heavy users demonstrated a greater decrease in short amplitude movements (i.e. fidgeting movements) compared to non-heavy users. A wearable biosensor showed a consistent physiologic pattern after ED opioid administration and differences between patterns of heavy and non-heavy opioid users were noted. Potential applications of biosensors to drug addiction treatment and pain management should be studied further.
World-Picture and World-View

The notion of “world-picture” seems to suggest that Moore’s propositions (e.g., “the earth has existed for many years past”) are like the “hinges” on which our language-game depends. After criticizing Moore for declaring he knows them, Wittgenstein adds another layer of criticism by proposing that we cannot intelligibly doubt these “hinges” since they form the inherited background of our knowledge (OC §94, §162). These “framework propositions” are not consistently situated within the concrete examples in On Certainty, and they are mostly displayed from an uncharacteristic “view from nowhere.” This might give the impression that Wittgenstein is offering a theory on the foundations of language. Moyal-Sharrock (2004) writes accordingly that “it is time Wittgenstein’s thought earned more definition than it has received. Definition which would allow it to emerge from the nebulosity and distrust that have been generated by the refusal to attribute theses or substantial philosophical positions to him.”1
Characterization of the effect of radar Interference on an uncoded data communication system

We investigate the effect of radar interference on an uncoded data communication system where the optimal Maximum-A-Posteriori decoder is used and the bandwidth of the radar system is assumed to be much larger than the one of the communication system. Conclusions depend on how the radar interference power, measured by the Interference-to-Noise ratio (INR), compares with the intended signal power, measured by the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR).
Functional connectivity abnormalities and associated cognitive deficits in fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders (FASD).

Consistent with well-documented structural and microstructural abnormalities in prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), recent studies suggest that functional connectivity (FC) may also be disrupted. We evaluated whole-brain FC in a large multi-site sample, examined its cognitive correlates, and explored its potential to objectively identify neurodevelopmental abnormality in individuals without definitive dysmorphic features. Included were 75 children with PAE and 68 controls from four sites. All participants had documented heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. All underwent a formal evaluation of physical anomalies and dysmorphic facial features. MRI data were collected using modified matched protocols on three platforms (Siemens, GE, and Philips). Resting-state FC was examined using whole-brain graph theory metrics to characterize each individual’s connectivity. Although whole-brain FC metrics did not discriminate prenatally-exposed from unexposed overall, atypical FC (> 1 standard deviation from the grand mean) was significantly more common (2.7 times) in the PAE group vs. controls. In a subset of 55 individuals (PAE and controls) whose dysmorphology examination could not definitively characterize them as either Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or non-FAS, atypical FC was seen in 27 % of the PAE group, but 0 % of controls. Across participants, a 1 % difference in local network efficiency was associated with a 36 point difference in global cognitive functioning. Whole-brain FC metrics have potential to identify individuals with objective neurodevelopmental abnormalities from prenatal alcohol exposure. When applied to individuals unable to be classified as FAS or non-FAS from dysmorphology alone, these measures separate prenatally-exposed from non-exposed with high specificity.
Another learning problem: symbolic process prediction

Inductive inference is a mode of reasoning that starts from particular facts and concludes a general hypothesis that explains the observed facts and hopefully predicts some unobserved facts correctly. What is given and assumed for the facts and what types of explanation and prediction are intended from the hypothesis warrant different solutions to the problem of how to derive the hypothesis from facts.
Social Rites of Marriage

The legal consequences for same-sex couples who have married — and for couples who will do so after the historic Obergefell v. Hodges decision — are numerous and profound. As legal rhetoric and scholarly research on marriage suggest, however, the social dimension of marriage — apart from its concrete legal benefits — is deeply significant. Despite what we understand about the law’s impact on people’s lives and people’s influence on legal institutions, scholars know surprisingly little about the ways in which same-sex couples socially experience legal marriage. This is all the more pressing, since marriage equality is now a reality in all U.S. states.This analysis, part of an exploratory study that examines the intersection of law and the social domain in the context of same-sex marriage, begins to fill a critical gap in socio-legal literatures on marriage and formal recognition of same-sex relationships. We discuss here early themes emerging in this research, based on qualitative interviews and surveys with married same-sex couples, part of a project that provides one of the first scholarly overviews post-Obergefell of negotiation of gender norms in same-sex marriage in daily life.Modes of self-presentation (like relationship terms and last name practices), which comprise the focus of this paper, provide a window onto the interplay of legal status, social norms, concepts of tradition, and gender. They also reveal a diverse picture of transitions to formal legal recognition in the context of longstanding, and continued, discrimination against LGBTQ communities. We situate early findings in relation to deeper questions about relationships between marriage, hierarchy, and gender, as well as about intersections of legal and social recognition.
Luminal disequilibrium pH and ammonia transport in outer medullary collecting duct

We measured bicarbonate, ammonia, and luminal pH in segments of the rabbit outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) to determine the relationship between luminal pH and ammonia transport. Both the inner-stripe and outer-stripe portions of the OMCD absorbed bicarbonate at high rates. The outer stripe OMCD generated an acidic pH disequilibrium that was reversibly dissipated by exogenous luminal carbonic anhydrase. In contrast, the inner stripe OMCD did not generate a spontaneous pH disequilibrium unless perfused with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Ammonia secretion was three times more rapid in the outer stripe OMCD than in the inner stripe OMCD. We conclude the following. 1) Both the inner-stripe and outer-stripe portions of the rabbit OMCD secrete protons at substantial rates. 2) Functional luminal carbonic anhydrase is present in the inner stripe OMCD but absent from the outer stripe OMCD. 3) Ammonia secretion occurs predominantly by NH3, diffusion in both portions. 4) The luminal pH disequilibrium, which is normally present in the outer stripe OMCD, enhances ammonia secretion. ammonia; ammonium; bicarbonate; diffusion trapping; nonionic diffusion; carbonic anhydrase; disequilibrium pH; fluorescence spectroscopy; hydrogen ion secretion; carbonic acid; acetazolamide; heterogeneity Submitted on September 15, 1986 Accepted on January 15, 1987
Structural Characterization of Early Michaelis Complexes in the Reaction Catalyzed by (+)-Limonene Synthase from Citrus sinensis Using Fluorinated Substrate Analogues.

The stereochemical course of monoterpene synthase reactions is thought to be determined early in the reaction sequence by selective binding of distinct conformations of the geranyl diphosphate (GPP) substrate. We explore here formation of early Michaelis complexes of the (+)-limonene synthase [(+)-LS] from Citrus sinensis using monofluorinated substrate analogues 2-fluoro-GPP (FGPP) and 2-fluoroneryl diphosphate (FNPP). Both are competitive inhibitors for (+)-LS with KI values of 2.4 ± 0.5 and 39.5 ± 5.2 μM, respectively. The KI values are similar to the KM for the respective nonfluorinated substrates, indicating that fluorine does not significantly perturb binding of the ligand to the enzyme. FGPP and FNPP are also substrates, but with dramatically reduced rates (kcat values of 0.00054 ± 0.00005 and 0.00024 ± 0.00002 s–1, respectively). These data are consistent with a stepwise mechanism for (+)-LS involving ionization of the allylic GPP substrate to generate a resonance-stabilized carbenium ion in the r...
Surgical Uprighting Is a Successful Procedure for Management of Impacted Mandibular Second Molars.

Purpose Impacted mandibular second molars can cause caries and root resorption on adjacent molars and can lengthen orthodontic treatment. Surgical uprighting is one management option. The purposes of this study were to 1) evaluate radiographic outcomes for surgical uprighting of impacted mandibular second molars and 2) propose an etiology for impaction. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who had surgical uprighting of mandibular second molars and had preoperative and at least 12-month postoperative panoramic images and an age- and gender-matched control group of patients undergoing routine orthodontic treatment. Predictor variables included age, gender, impaction type, preoperative angle of impaction, preoperative periodontal bone level distal to an adjacent first molar, posterior eruption space, pathology, and concomitant extraction of the adjacent third molar. Outcome variables were change in impaction type, postoperative periodontal bone levels around the first and second molars, postoperative tooth angle and posterior eruption space, periapical radiolucency, pulpal obliteration, root resorption, and need for extraction. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results The sample and control groups each had 16 patients. The mean ages at the first radiographs were 13 ± 1.1 and 13.19 ± 0.61 years for the treatment and control groups, respectively, and the mean follow-up radiographs were obtained 2.4 ± 1.4 and 2.3 ± 0.82 years later. No preoperative images showed pathologic lesions obstructing eruption. Postoperatively, all uprighted molars were Pell and Gregory type IA. The mean change in the angles of the uprighted teeth was 23.5 ± 16.1° (P < .001). The mean distal bone levels of the adjacent first molar were 3.41 ± 1.52 mm preoperatively and 1.45 ± 0.54 mm postoperatively (improvement, 42.5%; P < .001). The preoperative posterior eruption space was 53.6% longer in the control than in the treatment group (P < .001), and the increase in this distance postoperatively was greater for the treatment group than for the control group (P < .001). Pulpal obliteration (n = 6; 31.5%), periapical radiolucency (n = 2; 10.5%), and root resorption (n = 1; 5.3%) were seen on postoperative radiographs. There were 2 failures (10.5%). Conclusions Surgical uprighting of mandibular second molars is a useful procedure with a low failure rate. Insufficient space for eruption is the likely primary etiology for impaction.
Female Veterans: Navigating Two Identities

Female veterans differ from their male veteran counterparts in terms of ratio of men to women, minority status, economic status, and age. In 2014, female veterans totaled over 2 million; roughly 10% of the veteran population. In addition to balancing personal and professional responsibilities, many female veterans also have to adjust to and cope with the physical and/or mental health conditions they experience post-deployment. The extent to which female veterans succeed in transitioning back to civilian life post-deployment may be determined by biological, psychological, and social factors within their home and community. Circumstances that can support or hinder female veterans’ reintegration process include: (a) availability of gender-specific Veterans Affairs policies and services; (b) access to education and employment; (c) supports specific to mental health and/or military sexual trauma; and (d) social stigmas associated with being a female veteran. Along with other healthcare professionals, social workers have an obligation to promote social justice, and to empower underprivileged populations, including female veterans, whose needs may differ from male veterans and require specific expertise and knowledge.
Bioanalytical method development and validation of HPLCUV assay for the quantification of SHetA2 in mouse and human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetics study.

Abstract Background: SHetA2 is an oral anticancer agent being investigated for cancer treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive HPLC-UV method
Situation-Specific Scripts for Threat in Two Specific Phobias

The present study applied a script methodology from cognitive psychology to investigate schema content for threat in samples of individuals with spider phobia (n = 17), individuals with blood/injury phobia (n = 17), and nonanxious individuals (n = 30). Participants listed prototypical sequences of events, or scripts, that most people experience in threatening situations involving spiders or blood. Phobic participants generally listed similar events as nonanxious participants, although some deviant events characterized the aggregated script for the blood situation composed by spider phobics and the aggregated script for the spider situation composed by blood/injury phobics. Scripts for the scenario that corresponded to phobic participants' primary domain of fear reflected more discomfort than scripts composed by individuals in the other two groups. The results generally suggest that individuals with specific phobias have normative knowledge for feared situations, although underlying phobia proneness may facilitate the reporting of deviant schema content and affective tone in mildly threatening situations.
Imaging After Orbital and Intraocular Oncology Therapies

A wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms can affect the orbit, either primarily or secondarily, such as via extension of a tumor from a neighboring structure or as a metastasis. Likewise, there are a multitude of orbital oncological therapeutic modalities available, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, cryotherapy, and laser therapy. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role not only in the pretreatment evaluation of orbital region tumors but also for follow-up after treatment in order to monitor tumor response or recurrence. CT and MRI are generally suitable modalities for posttreatment surveillance of the orbit. Positron emission tomography (PET) using [18 F]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) serves a role as a staging tool in ophthalmic oncology, particularly for detecting distant metastatic lesions that conventional imaging studies may otherwise miss. Besides the initial workup of orbital tumors, 18FDG-PET can be useful for the assessment of treatment response. Ultrasound with color and spectral Doppler is useful for evaluating small intraocular tumors that are otherwise inconspicuous on CT and MRI. The interpretation of posttreatment imaging can be particularly challenging due to the altered anatomy and tissue properties caused by many forms of treatment. Furthermore, many oncological treatments can cause complications that warrant investigation via diagnostic imaging. Some of these complications have particularly characteristic and interesting imaging findings. In order to optimally approach an imaging study of the orbit after treatment, it is important to know what the original tumor was like, the type and timing of the therapy that was administered, and the clinical status of the patient at the time of the scan. The various types of orbital oncologic treatments and their corresponding expected and complicated imaging features are reviewed in the following sections.
ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF H/sub c3//H/sub c2/ NEAR T/sub c/ FOR Sn--In AND In-- Bi ALLOY SYSTEMS.

Previously reported measurements of the ratio $\frac{{H}_{c3}}{{H}_{c2}}$ for tin-rich Sn-In alloys and indium-rich In-Bi alloys have been extended in further detail, and include variations in foil thickness (6 - 300 \ensuremath{\mu}). The anomalous behavior in the ratio very near ${T}_{c}$ is found to be dependent on foil thickness. Each alloy system is characterized by a certain thickness, above which $\frac{{H}_{c3}}{{H}_{c2}}$ decreases markedly as ${T}_{c}$ is approached, and below which the opposite behavior takes place. The results can be interpreted qualitatively in terms of a sandwich model in which the strength of the pairing interaction is depressed in a layer at the surface of the sample. For the thickest samples (most nearly "semi-infinite"), there is good quantitative agreement with the recent theory of this proximity effect given by Fink and Presson.
An Implicit Function

Let’s see how we might use technology to explore the concept of the implicit function. Given the following quadratic expression q and the equation q = 0, an initial attempt at investigating its meaning and behavior might be a call to Maple’s plot command.
Abstract 834: Predictors of New-Onset Heart Failure in a Large Insured Population: A One Million Person-Years Follow-up Study

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity in the elderly. However, few studies have described risk factors for incident HF in a population with both younger and older adults, or have provided sex-specific estimates of HF risk. Methods: We analyzed electronic medical records from 191,401 women and 168,547 men (≥18 years old) enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Georgia at any time during the calendar years 2000 –2005. Patients were included only if they were Kaiser members for at least one year before the study period and were free of HF at baseline. One inpatient or two outpatient visits with an ICD-9 code for HF were used to diagnose HF, and ICD-9 codes were also used to document the following risk factors present before incident HF: hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and valvular heart disease. Multivariable logistic regression with repeated measures was used to assess the odds of incident HF associated with each of these antecedent risk factors. Results: There were 4,001 new HF cases (50% women; 48% in subjects Conclusions: In both women and men, a set of common, modifiable risk factors accurately discriminate persons at increased risk for developing new-onset HF. Population-based approaches for preventing and treating these risk factors are critical for reducing the societal burden of HF.
Silencing of sucrose hydrolase causes nymph mortality and disturbs adult osmotic homeostasis in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae).

Abstract Plant piercing sucking insects mainly feed on phloem sap containing a high amount of sucrose. To enhance the absorption of sucrose from the midgut, sucrose hydrolase digests sucrose into glucose and fructose. In this study, a sucrose hydrolase homolog ( DcSuh) was identified and targeted in Diaphorina citri , the vector of huanglongbing (HLB), by RNA interference (RNAi). In silico analysis revealed the presence of an Aamy domain in the DcSUH protein, which is characteristic of the glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13). Phylogenetic analysis showed DcSuh was closely related to the sucrose hydrolase of other Hemiptera members. The highest gene expression levels of DcSuh was found in the 4th and 5th instar nymphs. dsRNA-mediated RNAi of DcSuh was achieved through topical feeding. Our results showed that application of 0.2 μL of 500 ng μL−1 (100 ng) dsRNA-DcSuh was sufficient to repress the expression of the targeted gene and cause nymph mortality and reduce adult lifespan. The reduction in gene expression, mortality, and lifespan was dose-dependent. In agreement with the gene expression results, treatment with dsRNA-DcSuh significantly reduced sucrose hydrolase activity in treated nymphs and emerged adults from treated nymphs. Interestingly, some emerged adults from treated nymphs showed a swollen abdomen phenotype, indicating that these insects were under osmotic stress . Although the percentage of swollen abdomens was low, their incidence was significantly correlated with the concentration of applied dsRNA- DcSuh . Metabolomic analyses using GC-MS showed an accumulation of sucrose and a reduction in fructose, glucose and trehalose in treated nymphs, confirming the inhibition of sucrose hydrolase activity. Additionally, most of the secondary metabolites were reduced in the treated nymphs, indicating a reduction in the biological activities in D. citri and that they are under stress. Our findings indicate that sucrose hydrolase might be a potential target for effective RNAi control of D. citri.
GPS Multireceiver Joint Direct Time Estimation and Spoofer Localization

We propose a novel algorithm for the joint estimation of spoofer location (LS) and GPS time using multireceiver direct time estimation (MRDTE). To achieve this, we utilize the geometry and known positions of multiple static GPS receivers distributed within the power substation. The direct time estimation computes the most likely clock parameters by evaluating a range of multipeak vector correlations, each of which is constructed via different pregenerated clock candidates. Next, we compare the time-delayed similarity in the identified peaks across the receivers to detect and distinguish the spoofing signals. Later, we localize the spoofer and estimate the GPS time using our joint particle and Kalman filter. Furthermore, we characterize the probability of spoofing detection and false alarm using Neyman Pearson decision rule. Later, we formulate the theoretical Cramer Rao lower bound for estimating the localization accuracy of the spoofer. We validate the robustness of our LS-MRDTE by subjecting the authentic open-sky GPS signals to various simulated spoofing attack scenarios. Our experimental results demonstrate precise localization of the spoofer while simultaneously estimating the GPS time to within the accuracy specified by the power community (IEEE C37.118 standard for synchrophasors).
The Fertile Darwins: Epigenesis, Organicism, and the Problem of Inheritance

This essay explores the Darwinian imagination -- an approach to exploring the basic ontology of nature that was shared by both Erasmus Darwin and his grandson, Charles Darwin. It focuses on Erasmus and Charles’s respective theories of generation, especially as laid out in Zoonomia (1794) and The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (1868), and their derivation from the longstanding opposition between theories of epigenesis and panspermia. Erasmus Darwin's thinking, in particular, was torn between relatively closed and open conceptions of how organic structures assemble and reproduce. Charles, by contrast, worked hard to fashion his theory of pangenesis into a capacious model that would account for interactions of inheritance and development across all levels of physical and temporal scale. Yet beneath disagreements over the distribution of agency between matter and different sexual partners, both argued for an anti-holist, anti-organic ontologythat consistently cleared space for more open, more contingent, and ultimately more ecological theories of nature. Ultimately this required a rejection both of the Romantic conception of organic life and Romantic aesthetics, in particular, the notion that the unity of aesthetic experience communicated something about the unity of natural systems. Finally, I will argue that Charles Darwin's pangenic model -- which relies upon the functional assemblage of elements derived from different lineages, on different timescales, and with distinct, non-overlapping, and incompletely integrated capacities -- offers a unique way of understanding the problem of intellectual inheritance and the relation between the Darwins themselves. If most approaches to this problem have posited either a lineal genealogy of intellectual inheritance, or situate their work as reflections of a larger historical context, pangenesis can help to imagine intellectual history beyond our typically lineal or atmospheric models of influence.
2-hydroxyglutarate inhibits MyoD-mediated differentiation by preventing H3K9 demethylation

Oncogenic IDH1/2 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), resulting in competitive inhibition of DNA and protein demethylation. IDH-mutant cancer cells show an inability to differentiate but whether 2HG accumulation is sufficient to perturb differentiation directed by lineage-specifying transcription factors is unknown. A MyoD-driven model was used to study the role of IDH mutations in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells. The presence of 2HG produced by oncogenic IDH2 blocks the ability of MyoD to drive differentiation into myotubes. DNA 5mC hypermethylation is dispensable while H3K9 hypermethylation is required for this differentiation block. IDH2-R172K mutation results in H3K9 hypermethylation and impaired accessibility at myogenic chromatin regions but does not result in genome-wide decrease in accessibility. The results demonstrate the ability of the oncometabolite 2HG to block transcription factor-mediated differentiation in a molecularly defined system.