cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Massively parallel feature selection: an approach based on variance preservation

Advances in computer technologies have enabled corporations to accumulate data at an unprecedented speed. Large-scale business data might contain billions of observations and thousands of features, which easily brings their scale to the level of terabytes. Most traditional feature selection algorithms are designed for a centralized computing architecture. Their usability significantly deteriorates when data size exceeds hundreds of gigabytes. High-performance distributed computing frameworks and protocols, such as the Message Passing Interface (MPI) and MapReduce, have been proposed to facilitate software development on grid infrastructures, enabling analysts to process large-scale problems efficiently. This paper presents a novel large-scale feature selection algorithm that is based on variance analysis. The algorithm selects features by evaluating their abilities to explain data variance. It supports both supervised and unsupervised feature selection and can be readily implemented in most distributed computing environments. The algorithm was developed as a SAS High-Performance Analytics procedure, which can read data in distributed form and perform parallel feature selection in both symmetric multiprocessing mode and massively parallel processing mode. Experimental results demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed method for large scale feature selection.
Recent CO(2-1) observations of galaxies with the CSO

CO(2→1) observations of a number of galaxies have recently been obtained with the CSO. Examples are presented here to illustrate the capabilities of the instrument.
Velocity based semi‐active turbo‐Lyapunov control algorithms for seismically excited nonlinear smart structures

SUMMARY This paper presents a novel turbo-Lyapunov control strategy for the semi-active control of a nonlinear highway bridge subjected to earthquake ground motions. An optimal control signal has been found to be strongly dependent on the velocity across a magnetorheological (MR) damper. A turbo-Lyapunov control algorithm that utilizes the relationship between absolute velocity of the damper and control signal based on the traditional Lyapunov control algorithm has been developed. In this approach, the control signal is calculated using an integrated traditional Lyapunov function and a turbo-function. This turbo-function adds or subtracts additional voltage depending on the change in the absolute velocity across an MR damper. The performance of the proposed controller has been investigated in reducing response quantities of the highway bridge benchmark model. The results show that the proposed turbo-Lyapunov control strategy is quite competitive with respect to numerous other control approaches in reducing response quantities of the benchmark bridge model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative DNA damage in the aging mouse brain

The brain exhibits regional vulnerabilities to many insults, and age itself has differential effects on neuronal populations as exemplified by the age-dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system. We hypothesized that oxidative damage to DNA was more likely to occur in the nigrostriatal system which undergoes significant neurochemical and functional changes with age. To test this hypothesis, oxidative damage to DNA, indicated by levels of 8-hydroxy2'-deoxyguanosine (oxo8dG), was measured in pons-medulla (PM), midbrain (MB), caudate-putamen (CP), hippocampus (HP), cerebellum (CB), and cerebral cortex (CX) at 3, 18, and 34 months of age in C57/b1 mice. Steady-state levels of oxo8dG increased significantly with age in MB, CP, and CB, but not in PM, HP, or CX. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity decreased with age in MB, CP, and HP, but not in PM, CB, or CX. Regional activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (Glut Px) did not change significantly with age. Concomitant with the regional alterations in DNA damage, there was a significant age-dependent decline in locomotor activity, motor coordination, and striatal dopamine content especially during the interval between 18 and 34 months. In conclusion, oxyradical-associated damage to DNA did not accumulate uniformly across brain regions with age and was highest in brain regions that subserve spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination.
Safety and success of the beginning percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty program using the steerable guidewire system

Abstract To determine the safety and success rate of a beginning percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) program using the steerable guidewire system, results of the initial 100 attempted dilatations were analyzed. In accordance with recommended guidelines, the operators had extensive experience in cardiac catheterization and attended demonstration courses in PTCA to learn the technique, but had no in-laboratory training or assistance from experienced PTCA operators. Using the same criteria for success and complications, the results with the steerable guidewire system were compared with those of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry of programs beginning coronary angioplasty with the nonsteerable, fixed guidewire system. Success rates were 95% and 59%, emergency coronary artery bypass surgery 1% and 6%, acute coronary occlusion 1% and 5%, and myocardial infarction 3% and 5%. The success and complication rates were similar for each decile in the 100 procedures, in contrast to the Registry in which results significantly improved as operator experience increased. The average stenosis was reduced from 86 to 28% and the average gradient was reduced from 51 mm Hg to 14 mm Hg. These results indicate that cardiologists experienced in cardiac catheterization can start a PTCA program using the steerable guidewire system and have an improved learning curve compared with previously reported experience in which the nonsteerable, fixed guidewire system was used. With careful case selection, results comparable to those of experienced PTCA operators can be achieved. These findings may provide a more accurate prediction of the results that can be expected in a beginning PTCA program using current techniques and equipment.
Preserving Structural Properties in Edge-Perturbing Anonymization Techniques for Social Networks

Social networks are attracting significant interest from researchers in different domains, especially with the advent of social networking systems which enable large-scale collection of network information. However, as much as analysis of such social networks can benefit researchers, it raises serious privacy concerns for the people involved in them. To address such privacy concerns, several techniques, such as k-anonymity-based approaches, have been proposed in the literature to provide user anonymity in published social networks. However, these methods usually introduce a large amount of distortion to the original social network graphs, thus, raising serious questions about their utility for useful social network analysis. Consequently, these techniques may never be applied in practice. We propose two methods to enhance edge-perturbing anonymization methods based on the concepts of structural roles and edge betweenness in social network theory. We experimentally show significant improvements in preserving structural properties in an anonymized social network achieved by our approach compared to the original algorithms over several data sets.
LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION: BASIC THEORY

FOUR PARTIAL MODELS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE ARE PRESENTED, EACH REPRESENTING A DIFFERENT SLICE OF A SINGLE UNIFIED VIEW OF THE BASIC THEORY IN THE FIELD. ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO TRANSPORTATION AS A PROVIDER OF ACCESS AND AS A CONSUMER OF LAND, BOTH WITH AND WITHOUT VARIATIONS IN RELATIVE LEVELS OF CAPITAL INTENSITY. THE INTENT IS TO PROVIDE A NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION POLICY AS IT EFFECTS LAND USE. ONE OF THE GENERAL CONCLUSIONS INDICATE THE TRANSPORTATION SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO COMPETE FOR SCARCE RESOURCES, INCLUDING LAND, ON THE BASIS OF THE ABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION TO CONTRIBUTE (INDIRECTLY) TO AGGREGATE WELFARE, THE SAME AS ANY OTHER LAND USE. /AUTHOR/
A justification for the use of approximate transition amplitudes in semiclassical surface hopping

Recent work has shown that a certain surface hopping form of the wave function is capable of obtaining highly accurate transition probabilities for nonadiabatic problems. It has also been found that it is necessary to include hops in classically forbidden regions in order to obtain this level of accuracy at low energies. The amplitude for the hops in this surface hopping expansion of the wave function has the typical p−1/2 semiclassical divergence at the turning points in the classical motion. While this singularity is an integrable divergence, the divergent behavior complicates the numerical evaluation of the integrals over hopping points that is present in the surface hopping expressions. Numerical evidence has shown that only small errors are incurred at most energies if these singular hopping amplitudes are replaced with a nonsingular approximation. This agreement is surprising, since the exact and approximate amplitudes differ greatly in the turning point region, and this region is expected to make i...
Effect of fatigue on the bearing capacity of floating ice sheets

Abstract Laboratory tests on floating freshwater ice covers with specially built pulsators are described. Preliminary tests showed that the creep deflections were very small and that the pulsator used did not cause a breakthrough on its own in the time frame considered. Therefore, a breakthrough method was used to determine the effect of the oscillatory load on the bearing capacity of an ice cover. After a prescribed time (or a number of accumulated cycles) both loading devices, the pulsator and its static control, were subjected to a constant downward deflection rate by means of screwjacks until breakthrough occurred. Two series of tests were conducted, one at an oscillating frequency of 21.5 Hz and the other at 15 Hz. Results of both series of tests showed that the oscillations substantially lowered the bearing capacity of the ice covers tested.
Poor short term outcome with a metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract Metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have come under scrutiny with reports of high failure rates. Clinical outcome studies with several commercially available MoM THA bearings remain unreported. We evaluated 78 consecutive MoM THAs from a single manufacturer in 68 patients. Sixty-six received cobalt–chrome (CoCr) monoblock and 12 received modular titanium acetabular cups with internal CoCr liners. Femoral components were titanium with modular necks. At average 2.1 years postoperatively, 12 THAs (15.4%) demonstrated aseptic failure (10 revisions, 2 revision recommended). All revised hips demonstrated capsular necrosis with positive histology reaction for aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions/adverse local tissue reactions. Prosthetic instability following revision surgery was relatively common. Female gender was a strong risk factor for failure, though smaller cups were not. Both monoblock and modular components fared poorly. Corrosion was frequently observed around the proximal and distal end of the modular femoral necks.
Effect of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors on synthesis of liver mitochondria phospholipids.

The effect of single doses of arsenate, bilirubin, dinitrophenol, and oligomycin on synthesis of mitochondria phospholipids of liver of rats was studied. A statistically significant decrease occurred in synthesis of phosphatidyl inositol, sphingomyelin, lecithin, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl ethanoiamine of liver mitochondria following administration of dinitrophenol. Administration of arsenate, oligomycin, and bilirubin inhibited statistically the incorporation of the isotope into all the phospholipid fractions of liver mitochondria except sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl inositol. However, oligomycin inhibited incorporation of the isotope into the sphingomyelin fraction and arsenate inhibited the phosphatidyl inositol fraction. (auth)
Evolutionary speculations on the oligarchic development of Mormon polygyny

Abstract Several techniques were used to analyze aspects of Mormon polygyny in an effort to show the relationship between polygyny and dominance of social and economic resources by a religious hierarchy. Of specific interest is the manner in which polygynous practice by the hierarchy enhanced the inclusive fitness of the church's founder, Joseph Smith. Although polygyny became an "open" practice among church membership in early Utah, it was nevertheless regulated by the hierarchy in a manner that further consolidated its control of local resources. Finally, it is argued that certain features of church doctrine provided proximal means for the reproductive differential associated with the polygynous hierarchy.
Intestinal adaptation after ileal interposition surgery increases bile acid recycling and protects against obesity-related comorbidities

Surgical interposition of distal ileum into the proximal jejunum is a bariatric procedure that improves the metabolic syndrome. Changes in intestinal and hepatic physiology after ileal interposition (transposition) surgery (IIS) are not well understood. Our aim was to elucidate the adaptation of the interposed ileum, which we hypothesized, would lead to early bile acid reabsorption in the interposed ileum, thus short circuiting enterohepatic bile acid recycling to more proximal bowel segments. Rats with diet-induced obesity were randomized to IIS, with 10 cm of ileum repositioned distal to the duodenum, or sham surgery. A subgroup of sham rats was pair-fed to IIS rats. Physiological parameters were measured until 6 wk postsurgery. IIS rats ate less and lost more weight for the first 2 wk postsurgery. At study completion, body weights were not different, but IIS rats had reversed components of the metabolic syndrome. The interposed ileal segment adapted to a more jejunum-like villi length, mucosal surface area, and GATA4/ILBP mRNA. The interposed segment retained capacity for bile acid reabsorption and anorectic hormone secretion with the presence of ASBT and glucagon-like-peptide-1-positive cells in the villi. IIS rats had reduced primary bile acid levels in the proximal intestinal tract and higher primary bile acid levels in the serum, suggesting an early and efficient reabsorption of primary bile acids. IIS rats also had increased taurine and glycine-conjugated serum bile acids and reduced fecal bile acid loss. There was decreased hepatic Cyp27A1 mRNA with no changes in hepatic FXR, SHP, or NTCP expression. IIS protects against the metabolic syndrome through short-circuiting enterohepatic bile acid recycling. There is early reabsorption of primary bile acids despite selective "jejunization" of the interposed ileal segment. Changes in serum bile acids or bile acid enterohepatic recycling may mediate the metabolic benefits seen after bariatric surgery.
Effects of relative advantage on time use in farm families

An assumption of comparative advantage (CA) is that all members in efficient households specialize in market or household work. The CA for Oregon farm households was measured by differences between husbands and wives in wages and schooling for nonfarm work, and in farm decision-making responsibility and years lived on a farm for farm work. The spouse with the advantage is assumed to spend more time in that work sector and less time in household work than his (her) spouse. The hypothesis is supported for market work. For farm decision making, results are consistent with the hypothesis but not significant. Years lived on a farm is consistent for husbands, but wives who have the CA do significantly less farm work than wives of men who hold the CA. Experience may not be a good measure of CA, or perhaps farm work provides process satisfaction to farm men (and their wives) who work longer hours.
Measuring the Interfacial Rheological Properties of Lung Surfactant Monolayers

Lung surfactant (LS) is essential to respiration because it reduces surface tension at the interface between water and air in the alveoli. In addition, LS stabilizes the alveoli against collapse during exhalation. LS is composed of lipids, mainly dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and proteins. We are interested in the rheological properties of a pure DPPC film as a first step towards understanding complex LS rheology. During exhalation, we hypothesize that a large surface tension gradient occurs between the alveolar sacs and the bronchioles which should cause LS to flow away from the alveoli. Because LS does not readily leave the alveoli through the trachea, there must be the drag effect with an opposing direction to the flow induced form the surface tension gradient. Previous work has shown that the surface shear viscosity of LS increases exponentially at low surface tensions, which may be sufficient to prevent the flow of surfactant out of the lungs. Additionally, a yield stress in the interfacial LS film would also help to prevent the flow. Here, we define the yield stress as a minimum stress below which no flow occurs. As a result, we have shown the existence of the yield stress in pure DPPC monolayer, and how to increase or decrease the yield stress based on the addition of other lipid molecules.
Reversible, Complete Atrioventricular Block Caused by Primary Cardiac Lymphoma in a Nonimmunocompromised Patient

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare entity that commonly presents as a heart rhythm disorder. We describe a previously healthy, immunocompetent patient presenting with complete atrioventricular block (AVB). The patient was found to have a cardiac mass on magnetic resonance imaging and underwent percutaneous biopsy eventually diagnosing PCL. After pacemaker implantation, the patient's tumor responded rapidly to chemotherapy and the AVB completely resolved. In otherwise healthy patients presenting with AV block, cardiac tumor should be considered. Additionally, if PCL is diagnosed and the patient is clinically stable with AVB, it may be reasonable to delay pacemaker implantation until the clinical response to chemotherapy is evaluated.
HCN rotational-vibrational energy levels and intensity anomalies determined from infrared measurements☆☆☆★

Abstract New measurements have been made on the infrared transitions 1110-0000, 0400-0000, 1200-0110, 1220-0110, 0510-0110, 1330-0220, 1310-0200, 1220-0000, and 2000-0000 for HCN and on the 1110-0000 transitions for both H13C14N and H12C15N. Wherever possible those measurements were combined with laser measurements to obtain the best set of constants for describing the energy levels. Unusual intensity distributions were observed and attributed to intensity mixing through l-type resonance. Several P-branch lines of a Δ-Σ (1220-0000) transition were also observed although the intensity was somewhat less than predicted from l-type resonance effects.
The Synchrotron Topography Project (STP) at the national Synchrotron light source

Abstract The collaborators have participated in the Synchrotron Topography Project (STP) which has designed and developed instrumentation for an X-ray topography station at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The two principle instruments constructed consist of a White Beam Camera (WBC) and (MCC) with high planar collimation and wide area image coverage. It is possible to perform in studies ina versatile environmental chamber equipped with a miniature mechanical testing stage for both the WBC and MCC systems. Real-time video imaging plus a rapid feed cassette holder for high resolution photographic plates is available for recording topographs. Provisions are made for other types of photon detection as welas spectroscopy. The facilities for the entire station have been designed for remote operation using a LSI-11/23 plus suitable interfacing. These instruments will be described briely and the current status of the program will be reviewed.
Sound Judgment and Common Sense: The Professional Legacy of Fred Waugh

This year marks the initiation of the Frederick V. Waugh lecture program in commemoration of the professional contributions of Frederick V. Waugh. The program is sponsored by the Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the American Agricultural Economics Association. The lecture will be presented each year at the annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association and published in the December proceedings issue of the American Journal of Agricultural Economics. The following two papers are an introduction to Frederick V. Waugh and review of his professional career by James P. Houck and the inaugural lecture presented by Marc Nerlove.
Investigation of the axonal transport of three acidic, soluble proteins (14-3-2, 14-3-3, and S-100) in the rabbit visual system.

: The question of whether three acidic, water-soluble proteins (14-3-2, 14-3-3, and S-100, the first and last known to be brain-specific) are axonally transported was investigated in the rabbit visual system. The water-soluble proteins were obtained from individual optic nerves, combined optic tracts and lateral geniculate bodies, superior colliculi, and, in some instances, retinas at various times (1–56 days) after monocular injections of [3H]leucine. These proteins were separated by a two-step polyacrylamide gel electrophore-sis procedure that isolated 14-3-2, 14-3-3, and S-100 almost uncontaminated by other radioactivity. The isolated 14-3-2 and S-100 were demonstrated to be approx. 90% pure by a new method based on retarding the migration of these proteins by immunoadsorption during the first step of electrophoresis. An analysis of the radioactive labeling of the total soluble proteins (TSP) and the isolated acidic proteins revealed that: (1) S-100 was not axonally transported; (2) both 14-3-2 and 14-3-3 were part of one of the slow components of axonal transport (2-4 mm/day); (3) the radioactivity of 14-3-2 and 14-3-3 represented about 2.7% and 3.2%, respectively, of the radioactivity incorporated into the axonally transported TSP; (4) the ultimate distributions of the radioactively labeled 14-3-2 and 14-3-3 were the same (about 70% of each destined for the superior colliculus) and differed from that of the TSP; and (5) the rates of catabolism of the axonally transported 14-3-2 and 14-3-3 were slightly greater than that of the TSP, with half-lives for 14-3-2 and 14-3-3 estimated to be 11 and 10 days, respectively.
Hearing impairment as a predictor of cognitive decline in dementia.

Thirty-eight patients with dementia of various etiologies were studied longitudinally to determine the change in cognition over time in subjects with and without hearing impairment. Hearing impaired subjects were older (P less than .0001), but subject groups were otherwise comparable with respect to living arrangements, medical illness, number of drugs taken, mood, years of education, and cognitive functioning at the beginning of the study period. Decline in cognitive functioning at follow-up was greater in hearing impaired subjects and this difference persisted after adjustment for the greater age of hearing impaired subjects (P less than .009). Further division of subject by diagnosis showed that only in the Alzheimer's group did hearing impairment predict more rapid cognitive decline at follow-up.
New formulation for traveling salesman problem with separation requirement and cost

A unique integer linear programming formulation is proposed to define a Hamiltonian tour in which the cost between a node pair is determined by the number of nodes between each pair on the tour. In addition, a node separation requirement may be conditional on other node separations. Properties of this new traveling salesman problem formulation are discussed, along with an a priori solution to the probabilistic traveling salesman problem with equal node coverage probability as a linear programming alternative to the probabilistic programming method in the literature. A linear programming-based heuristic is proposed and numerically tested.
Strong enantioselective self-recognition of a small chiral molecule.

In the present report, we have crystallized a single enantiomer and the racemate of N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl (DNB) leucine. In both cases, the X-ray structures show clear evidence of homochiral dimerization in the solid state. Moreover, only homochiral dimers were observed in the unit cell of the racemate, a result of solid-state enantioselective complexation. The crystal structures support a chiral recognition mechanism involving two hydrogen bonds and an offset π−π interaction between the DNB rings.
Expanding Roles for Organoboron Compounds – Versatile and Valuable Molecules for Synthetic, Biological and Medicinal Chemistry

The present essay offers an overview of the latest developments in the chemistry of organoboron compounds. The unique structural characteristics and the versatile reactivity profile of organoboron compounds continue to expand their roles in several areas of chemistry. A growing number of boron-mediated reactions have become vital tools for synthetic chemistry, particularly in asymmetric synthesis, metal-catalyzed processes, acid catalysis, and multicomponent reactions. As a result, boronic acids and related molecules have now evolved as major players in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Moreover, their remnant electrophilic reactivity, even under physiological conditions, has allowed their incorporation in a growing number of bioactive molecules, including bortezomib, a clinically approved anticancer agent. Finally, the sensitive and selective binding of boronic acids to diols and carbohydrates has led to the development of a growing number of novel chemosensors for the detection, quantification, and imaging of glucose and other carbohydrates. There is no doubt that the chemistry of organoboron compounds will continue to expand into new discoveries and new applications in several fields of science.
Multigrid convergence for convection-diffusion problems on composite grids

Abstract We study the convergence behavior of the FAC (fast adaptive composite) multigrid method as applied to the solution of convection-diffusion equations discretized on composite grids in one and two dimensions. Analysis of the one-dimensional problem leads to the interpretation of two-level FAC as a direct solver. This analysis also provides important insight into the behavior of the method for the two-dimensional problem that has its flow velocity oriented in a single coordinate direction. For the latter problem we consider the use of standard upwind differencing on the coarse component of the grid, and allow the discretization type to vary on the fine component. When centered differencing is used on this fine region, we show that the behavior is very similar to that predicted by the analysis in one dimension. With a higher-order upwinding scheme used on this component, we show how to modify the discretization at the coarse-grid level in order to preserve the attractive convergence behavior predicted by the analysis.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome in immunocompromised patients: A report of three patients and review of the literature

Both humoral and cell-mediated autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Therefore, its occurrence in severely immunocompromised patients is not expected. We identified 3 severely immunocompromised patients who developed GBS. Two of the 3 patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with CD4 counts of 5 and 4 cells/mm3, respectively. One post-cardiac transplant patient was taking azathioprine and cyclosporine at the time of onset of GBS. In all 3 patients, immunocompromise was induced by infectious or chemotherapeutic agents which preferentially suppress T-lymphocyte responses. All 3 had severe lymphocytopenia and incomplete recovery. We conclude that GBS can occur in patients with severe t-cell suppression. Although no conclusion regarding prognosis can be drawn from our small group of patients, their incomplete recovery is consistent with the idea that T-cells are important for recovery.
Physical therapists' perceptions of family involvement in the rehabilitation process

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how physical therapists working in rehabilitation settings involved families in the patient's rehabilitation program and what factors facilitated or impeded this involvement. Forty physical therapists practicing in the eastern United States were individually interviewed on their involvement of families in a patient's rehabilitation. The interview data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for main themes. Family involvement was found to be a significant aspect of a patient's rehabilitation. Factors pertaining to the family, the patient, the healthcare organization and the physical therapist were identified. Factors, such as the family's knowledge, attitudes and skills of the family, their relationship with the patient prior to the injury or disability, the availability and opportunity of family members to be involved, and their physical capabilities, all influenced the degree to which the family participated. Therapists also perceived the cognitive status of the patient as a factor which dictated the proper amount of family participation. The healthcare organization was an important factor which needed to encourage and support the family participation. With decreased lengths of stay there is less time for families to be independent in caring for their loved one. The organization of the department could be instrumental in this by providing multiple formal and informal avenues for family training, such as support groups, home visits, 'open door' policy visiting hours, and scheduling changes. Finally, the physical therapists might have been the single most significant factor in facilitating family involvement. It was important for them to establish open and honest communication and be pro-activists for their patients and their families. The findings were consistent with the existing literature base in relation to the patient and family. Additional findings present physical therapists and healthcare organizations with suggestions for improving family education.
Detection of optical radiation in the 8–12 μm range using Ag-CuInSe2 composites

Abstract Detectors of infrared radiation in the 8–12 μm wavelength range have been made of metal-semiconductor composites consisting of Ag-particles 10–100 nm in size dispersed throughout an n-type CuInSe2 matrix. Modest values of D ∗ = 0.8 × 10 6 cm Hz 1 2 W −1 and voltage responsivity R v = 1 × 10 2 V W are encouraging preliminary results for these nonoptimized thin (≈500 nm) film structures.
Steroid hormone receptor expression and function in microglia

Steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and estrogens are well-known regulators of peripheral immune responses and also show anti-inflammatory properties in the brain. However, the expression of steroid hormone receptors in microglia, the pivotal immune cell that coordinates the brain inflammatory response, is still controversial. Here we use real time RT-PCR to show that microglia, isolated from adult fms-EGFP mice by FACS, express glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). GR was the most abundant steroid hormone receptor transcript in microglia. The presence of GR and ERalpha immunoreactivity was further confirmed in vivo at the ultrastructural level. To understand the role of steroid hormone receptors during the inflammation process, we evaluated the expression of steroid hormone receptors after inflammatory challenge and found a significant down-regulation of GR, MR, and ERalpha in microglia. Finally, we tested the immunomodulatory properties of estrogens and glucocorticoids. Estradiol benzoate did not have any significant impact on the inflammatory profile of ex vivo sorted microglia, either in resting conditions or after challenge. Furthermore, corticosterone was a more consistent anti-inflammatory agent than 17beta-estradiol in vitro. Our results support the hypothesis that adult microglia are a direct target of steroid hormones and that glucocorticoids, through the predominant expression of GR and MR, are the primary steroid hormone regulators of microglial inflammatory activity. The down-regulation of steroid hormone receptors after LPS challenge may serve as a prerequisite to suppressing the anti-inflammatory actions of endogenous steroid hormones on the immune system, and contribute to a sustained activation of microglia.
Calculating All of Our Losses: Writing Real-World Therapy Experiences in Child Welfare

In the child welfare system, child maltreatment prevention and intervention are of primary focus. Yet when working from a multi-systems perspective, both the child and parent systems are of vital importance while aligning with caseworkers goals, and adhering to court orders in a larger community context. Although we adhere to a strengths-based perspective, the systemic narrative of trauma takes precedence over certain progressions within family life. As a result, we provide an autoethnographic account of our experiences as feminist family therapists working with multiple systems and the multiple gains and losses experienced by all involved parties.
Distribution of agents with multiple capabilities in heterogeneous multiagent networks - A graph theoretic view

In this paper, we investigate how to distribute agents of different types in heterogeneous multiagent systems. Heterogeneity can for instance be related to various resources and capabilities agents may have. We insist that every agent can find all different resources available in the network in its closed neighborhood. The total number of different resources that can be accommodated within a system under this setting depends on the underlying graph structure of the network. This paper provides an analysis of the assignment of multiple resources to nodes and the effect of these assignments on the overall heterogeneity of a network. We extend our analysis to proximity graphs, a widely used interaction model in multi agent and wireless systems. In addition, we perform qualitative and quantitative studies regarding the roles of individual agents and their interactions in such heterogeneous networks.
The effects of forest harvest intensity in combination with wind disturbance on carbon dynamics in Lake States Mesic Forests

Abstract Total forest carbon (C) storage is determined by succession, disturbances, climate, and the edaphic properties of a site or region. Forest harvesting substantially affects C dynamics; these effects may be amplified if forest harvesting is intensified to provide biofuel feedstock. We tested the effects of harvest intensity on landscape C using a simulation modeling approach that included C dynamics, multiple disturbances, and successional changes in composition. We developed a new extension for the LANDIS-II forest landscape disturbance and succession model that incorporates belowground soil C dynamics derived from the CENTURY soil model. The extension was parameterized and calibrated using data from an experimental forest in northeastern Wisconsin, USA. We simulated a 9800 ha forested landscape over 400 years with wind disturbance combined with no harvesting, harvesting with residual slash left on site (‘standard harvest’), and whole-tree harvesting. We also simulated landscapes without wind disturbance and without eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to examine the effects of detrital quantity and quality on C dynamics. We estimated changes in live C, detrital C, soil organic C, total C, and forest composition. Overall, the simulations without harvesting had substantially greater total C and continued to sequester C. Standard harvest simulations had more C than the whole tree harvest simulations. Under both harvest regimes, C accrual was not evident after 150 years. Without hemlock, SOC was reduced due to a decline in detritus and a shift in detrital chemistry. In conclusion, if the intensity of harvesting increases we can expect a corresponding reduction in potential C storage. Compositional changes due to historic circumstances (loss of hemlock) may also affect forest C although to a lesser degree than harvesting. The modeling approach presented enabled us to consider multiple, interacting drivers of landscape change and the subsequent changes in forest C.
Sex differences in parental directives to young children

This study investigated how children learn sex-associated strategies for requesting action. We compared the directives which mothers and fathers address to their 2 1/2- to 5-year-old children. Ten children, 5 boys and 5 girls, engaged separately with each parent in a construction task. Fathers produced more directives than mothers and tended to phrase them as imperatives (e.g., Put the screw in) or as highly indirect “hints” (e.g., The wheel's going to fall off) more often than mothers, who relied more on relatively transparent indirect forms (e.g., Can you put the screw in?). There were no differences in the form of the directives addressed to girls and boys, nor were there any cross-sex effects. Parental modeling, rather than differential socialization of girls and boys, appears to be the mechanism by which children learn to request action in sex-associated ways.
Development, trade, and the environment: which way now?

Abstract In recent times, environmental protection has emerged to occupy much of the center stage in discussions of economic development. The fact that most—if not all—developing countries trade with each other has given the concept of environmental protection a distinctively international focus. In this note, I identify and discuss five of the most important themes in trade and the environment that are likely to impact developing countries in a significant manner in the future.
Where would we be without them? Knowledge, space and power in indigenous politics

Abstract This paper considers the relationship between knowledge and power as it pertains to the political mobilization of indigenous identity. To illustrate this relationship, the paper reviews concepts used to map indigenous territories for the purposes of claiming land. Mapping requires any number of decisions about what to map and how to map in order to create certain political effects. Indigenous maps have been used as a means for advancing a variety of anti-colonial politics. However, mapping, like indigenous knowledge more broadly, is rapidly being assimilated into development policy by institutions like the World Bank. This paper considers how the very concepts used to identify certain kinds of knowledge as indigenous remain steeped in colonial power relations. That perspective informs my reconsideration of concepts of indigeneity, resistance, and territory in this paper. Without disavowing the tactical importance of mapping in advancing indigenous land rights, this paper concludes by raising a number of points aimed at advancing debates to develop a more critically informed cartographic practice.
Comprehending agent software

Software comprehension (understanding software structure and behavior) is essential for developing, maintaining, and improving software. This is particularly true of agent-based systems, in which the actions of autonomous agents are affected by numerous factors, such as events in a dynamic environment, local uncertain beliefs, and intentions of other agents. Existing comprehension tools are not suited to such large, concurrent software and do not leverage concepts of the agent-oriented paradigm to aid the user in understanding the software's behavior. To address the software comprehension of agent-based systems, this research proposes a method and accompanying tool that automates some of the manual tasks performed by the human user during software comprehension, such as explanation generation and knowledge verification.
Pseudophakia and intraocular pressure.

We studied the change in intraocular pressure in 373 consecutive eyes undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation between Jan. 1, 1981, and May 31, 1982. There was a mean increase in intraocular pressure of 0.1 mm Hg following this surgery. This increase, however, was not statistically significant (P > .5). There was a mean rise in pressure of 0.8 mm Hg in the eyes undergoing intracapsular surgery and a mean fall in pressure of 0.6 mm Hg in the eyes undergoing extracapsular surgery (P
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF BIOPSIES FROM THIRTY‐THREE HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFTS AND AN ISOGRAFT 13/4–21/2 YEARS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION*

Thirty-three human renal allografts were biopsied 1¾ to 2½ years after transplantation. As a control, similar material was obtained at a comparable time from one renal isograft and from the remaining kidney of one of the donors. In 23 (69.7%) of the renal allografts some of the interlobular arteries were narrowed by intimal thickening. In several kidneys these changes were slight. Under light microscopy, glomerular lesions, resembling membranous glomerulonephritis, were present in 17 (51.59%) of the ,allografts. Ultrastructurally, there were subendothelial deposits of an amorphous material on the capillary basement membranes. The location of this deposit differed from the predominantly subepithelial situation of the accumulations found in membranous glomerulonephritis of adults. Subendothelial deposits of a similar material were also present in the afferent and efferent arterioles of 16 (48.5%) of the allografts. A mononuclear cell infiltration was present in 25 (75.8%) of the allografts. Up to 60 percent of the cells possessed pyroninophilic cytoplasm and, ultra-structurally, were either large lymphoid cells with many free cytoplasmic ribosomes, or plasma cells. There was hyperplasia of the juxta-glomerular apparatus in practically all the transplants and in the donor kidney. Apart from hyperplasia of the juxta-glomerular apparatus and glomerular hypertrophy, ten (30.3%) of the allografts were either normal or showed minimal damage; another ten (30.3%) showed a combination of interlobular artery narrowing, glomerular lesions and cellular infiltration. Severe lesions in the allografts were associated with two or more bouts of clinical rejection. There was also a close relationship between general histopathological damage and decreased renal function. When the morphological findings were correlated with the results of lymphocyte typing of donor and recipient, a significant association was found between lymphocyte compatibility and minor or no histological changes in the graft and lymphocyte incompatibility and major changes in the graft. The obliterative arterial lesions are thought to be an irreversible legacy of damage incurred in past rejection episodes. The glomerular lesions are not the result of either the recipient's original renal disease or of therapy. They may be due to deposition of antigen-antibody complexes: evidence for another center suggests that these may sometimes resolve. The presence of large pyroninophilic lymphoid cells may be indicative of a continuing host response to the allograft. Hyperplasia of the juxta-glomerular apparatus in allografts is usually thought to be a compensatory phenomenon, but sometimes it may be partly in response to ischemia.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis rather than due to isotonic hyponatremia from hyperproteinemia developed in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. The patient was unable to excrete a water load normally despite suppression of antidiuretic hormone to normal levels. The temporal relationship between control of the tumor and resolution of the hyponatremia suggests that the tumor either produced a substance that enhanced the hydro-osmotic effect of endogenous antidiuretic hormone or produced an antidiuretic substance immunologically different from antidiuretic hormone. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis should be suspected in hyponatremic patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
IL-6, LIF, and TNF-α regulation of GM-CSF inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in vitro

During pathological bone loss, factors that are both stimulatory and inhibitory for osteoclast differentiation are over-expressed. Despite the presence of inhibitory factors, osteoclast differentiation is significantly enhanced to bring about bone loss. To examine the hypothesis that stimulatory growth factors overcome the effects of inhibitory factors, we have examined the ability of IGF-I, IGF-II, IL-6, LIF, and TNF-alpha to overcome osteoclast differentiation inhibition by GM-CSF in vitro. Osteoclast numbers were significantly elevated by treatment with IGF-I, IGF-II, IL-6, LIF, or TNF-alpha alone whereas GM-CSF treatment of stromal cell and osteoclast co-cultures inhibited osteoclast formation. IL-6, LIF, or TNF-alpha, individually overcame GM-CSF inhibition whereas neither IGF-I nor IGF-II treatment overcame GM-CSF inhibition. Interestingly, GM-CSF addition with either IL-6 or TNF-alpha increased osteoclast numbers beyond that seen with either IL-6 or TNF-alpha alone. Combined treatment with TNF-alpha and IL-6 showed a significant increase in osteoclast numbers with GM-CSF addition. Examination of the impacts of these growth factors individually or in combinations on stromal cell M-CSF, RANKL, and OPG expression revealed a complex pattern involving alterations in the ratio of RANKL to OPG and/or M-CSF expression as candidate mechanisms of action.
Lajos Kossuth's Nationalism and Internationalism

The purpose of this brief presentation is to show that Lajos Kossuth was both a sincere nationalist and a sincere liberal and that these convictions did not contradict but strongly reinforced each other. It is also my intention to demonstrate that Kossuth was not a revolutionary but a reformer who in 1848 was forced by events beyond his control to promote revolution at home as well as to seek alliances with revolutionary circles outside Hungary. His ambition was not to accomplish a drastic reorganization of Europe but, by peaceful means, to make Hungary a great country. A great Hungary, he believed, would benefit all the inhabitants of the lands of the Crown of St. Stephen and contribute to peace, progress, and liberty in Europe.
Statistical memristor modeling and case study in neuromorphic computing

Memristor, the fourth passive circuit element, has attracted increased attention since it was rediscovered by HP Lab in 2008. Its distinctive characteristic to record the historic profile of the voltage/current creates a great potential for future neuromorphic computing system design. However, at the nano-scale, process variation control in the manufacturing of memristor devices is very difficult. The impact of process variations on a memristive system that relies on the continuous (analog) states of the memristors could be significant. We use TiO 2 -based memristor as an example to analyze the impact of geometry variations on the electrical properties. A simple algorithm was proposed to generate a large volume of geometry variation-aware three-dimensional device structures for Monte-Carlo simulations. A neuromorphic computing system based on memristor-based bidirectional synapse design is proposed as case study. We analyze and evaluate the robustness of the proposed system in pattern recognition based on massive Monte-Carlo simulations, after considering input defects and process variations.