cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Female Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, Prefer Ornaments That Males Lack?

Some species in the family Poeciliidae are known for extravagant male ornaments and courtship behavior (e.g., guppies), but the majority of poeciliids are characterized by coercive male copulation attempts that seem to circumvent female choice. In some lineages with male ornaments, female sensory bias may have preceded the evolution of corresponding male signals. We examined female preferences for colorful ornaments in Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, in which males lack ornamentation and reproduce primarily through coercive mating attempts. We found that females exhibited a positional affinity for males that were artificially ornamented with blue coloration over males that had been treated with a transparent ornament. Females exhibited the opposite effect for males treated with red ornaments. In contrast, focal females did not exhibit behavioral discrimination between two live stimulus females or two models (silver fishing lures) with blue vs. transparent ornaments. This suggests a sexual context for female discrimination between males based on ornament color and whether an ornament was present. Because tribe Gambusiini is the basal branch of family Poeciliidae, the results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that female responsiveness to male coloration is the ancestral poeciliid character state.
Lifting the Bell Jar

During the 1950s, most women didn’t pay much attention to being healthy. Being thin, model-like, with cinched waists and long legs, was the ideal, and to attain that thinness, women chose diet rather than exercise. Because of her height of five feet, nine inches, Plath usually had no worries about gaining too much weight. But in McLean, like other patients on insulin treatment, she became heavy.
A method of multipliers algorithm for sparsity-promoting optimal control

We develop a customized method of multipliers algorithm to efficiently solve a class of regularized optimal control problems. By exploiting the problem structure, we transform the augmented Lagrangian into a form which can be efficiently minimized using proximal methods. We apply our algorithm to an l1-regularized state-feedback optimal control problem and compare its performance with a proximal gradient algorithm and an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. In contrast to other methods, our algorithm has both a theoretical guarantee of convergence and fast computation speed in practice.
Standard Borel Spaces

The most important class of standard spaces is developed, standard Borel spaces formed using separate, complete metric spaces or Polish spaces. The spaces are shown to be standard by constructing an isomorphism with a standard subset of a discrete sequence space.
Dynamics of GreB-RNA polymerase interaction allow a proofreading accessory protein to patrol for transcription complexes needing rescue

The secondary channel (SC) of multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) allows access to the active site and is a nexus for the regulation of transcription. Multiple regulatory proteins bind in the SC and reprogram the catalytic activity of RNAP, but the dynamics of these factors’ interactions with RNAP and how they function without cross-interference are unclear. In Escherichia coli, GreB is an SC protein that promotes proofreading by transcript cleavage in elongation complexes backtracked by nucleotide misincorporation. Using multiwavelength single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we observed the dynamics of GreB interactions with elongation complexes. GreB binds to actively elongating complexes at nearly diffusion-limited rates but remains bound for only 0.3–0.5 s, longer than the duration of the nucleotide addition cycle but far shorter than the time needed to synthesize a complete mRNA. Bound GreB inhibits transcript elongation only partially. To test whether GreB preferentially binds backtracked complexes, we reconstituted complexes stabilized in backtracked and nonbacktracked configurations. By verifying the functional state of each molecular complex studied, we could exclude models in which GreB is selectively recruited to backtracked complexes or is ejected from RNAP by catalytic turnover. Instead, GreB binds rapidly and randomly to elongation complexes, patrolling for those requiring nucleolytic rescue, and its short residence time minimizes RNAP inhibition. The results suggest a general mechanism by which SC factors may cooperate to regulate RNAP while minimizing mutual interference.
Passive leadership: relationships with trust and justice perceptions

Purpose Despite its prevalence in organizations, passive leadership has received scant research attention compared to more active forms of leadership. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the significant impact that passive leadership can have on two core constructs in the organizational sciences – trust and perceptions of fairness. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through self-report questionnaires (n=192), using a three-wave survey methodology in order to provide temporal separation between the predictor, mediator, and outcome variables. Findings Passive leadership was negatively associated with cognition-based trust. Further, passive leadership exerted a negative indirect effect on employee perceptions of justice, through cognition-based trust. Research limitations/implications Although this research was explicitly interested in employee perceptions, the use of self-report measures may be considered a study limitation. Practical implications This study underscores that passive leadership may represent a serious impediment to effective supervisor-employee relations. Employees do not trust supervisors who display a passive leadership style and a lack of trust can lead employees to perceive the supervisor as unfair. Originality/value This study contributes new insights into the psychological effects of passive leadership behavior by demonstrating the potential role of passive leadership in shaping employee perceptions of trust and fairness.
Coexisting Phacoanaphylaxis and Choroidal Melanoma: An Unusual Intraocular Inflammation.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To describe an unusual case of panuveitis in coexisting choroidal melanoma and phacoanaphylaxis.Methods: Clinical records of the patient with intraocular melanoma and pathologic findings of the affected eye were reviewed. Composition of inflammatory infiltrates involving the tumor and lens was evaluated immunohistochemically.Results: Histologically, tumor showed a choroidal mixed cell type malignant melanoma with infiltration of inflammatory cells. The globe also showed typical features of phacoanaphylaxis, characterized by disruptions of the lens capsule with zonal granulomatous inflammation. The inflammatory infiltration revealed the predominant presence of both cytotoxic T cells and histiocytes in phacoanaphylaxis and intra-tumoral inflammation.Conclusions: The current clinico-pathologic case report suggests that a long standing intraocular melanoma can present with phacoanaphylaxis. The immunophenotype of the inflammatory infiltrates at both sites, lens and the tumor, is similar, cyto...
National Trends of Hospital Performance in Acute Myocardial Infarction Care: Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011-2014.

Rates of mortality and readmission, both within 30 days of an admission with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are key measures of hospital performance. A recent report demonstrated that Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals had lower AMI mortality but higher readmission rates at 30 days compared with Medicare fee for service hospitals from 2010 to 2013.1 Although this information provides an overall assessment of the quality of care provided, it is also important to understand facility-level and temporal variations of these performance metrics to inform ongoing quality improvement efforts. Accordingly, we sought to characterize contemporary facility-level variations (ie, variation across hospitals not explained by variation in patient risk) in 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMRs) and 30-day risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) across the VA, to identify underperforming or overperforming sites, and to assess temporal variations in these metrics. Data from the VA External Peer Review Program, in which trained staff abstracted clinical data from comprehensive chart reviews, were linked with the VA Corporate Data Warehouse—a source of inpatient and outpatient administrative data inclusive of vital status. Patients who were admitted to a VA hospital from January 1, 2011, to February 28, 2014, and assigned an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision: Clinical Modification diagnosis code of 410.xx irrespective of age were included. Those transferred into the VA system were excluded. If a patient had multiple AMIs in the study time period, 1 AMI was randomly chosen for inclusion in the study. Outcome measures of interest were 30-day all-cause mortality and 30-day unplanned, all-cause readmission. The latter included VA and non-VA hospital readmissions for which the VA was billed. Hospitals with <20 AMI admissions during the study period were excluded. To assess outcome variation across hospitals, hospital-specific RSMRs and RSRRs were estimated using hierarchical log-binomial regression models to account for the clustering …
Epidemiology, outcomes, and management of acute kidney injury in the vascular surgery patient

Abstract Objective Conventional clinical wisdom has often been nihilistic regarding the prevention and management of acute kidney injury (AKI), despite its being a frequent and morbid complication associated with both increased mortality and cost. Recent developments have shown that AKI is not inevitable and that changes in management of patients can reduce both the incidence and morbidity of perioperative AKI. The purpose of this narrative review was to review the epidemiology and outcomes of AKI in patients undergoing vascular surgery using current consensus definitions, to discuss some of the novel emerging risk stratification and prevention techniques relevant to the vascular surgery patient, and to describe a standardized perioperative pathway for the prevention of AKI after vascular surgery. Methods We performed a critical review of the literature on AKI in the vascular surgery patient using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases and Google Scholar through September 2017 using web-based search engines. We also searched the guidelines and publications available online from the organizations Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes and the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative. The search terms used included acute kidney injury, AKI, epidemiology, outcomes, prevention, therapy, and treatment. Results The reported epidemiology and outcomes associated with AKI have been evolving since the publication of consensus criteria that allow accurate identification of mild and moderate AKI. The incidence of AKI after major vascular surgery using current criteria is as high as 49%, although there are significant differences, depending on the type of procedure performed. Many tools have become available to assess and to stratify the risk for AKI and to use that information to prevent AKI in the surgical patient. We describe a standardized clinical assessment and management pathway for vascular surgery patients, incorporating current risk assessment and preventive strategies to prevent AKI and to decrease its complications. Patients without any risk factors can be managed in a perioperative fast-track pathway. Those patients with positive risk factors are tested for kidney stress using the urinary biomarker TIMP-2•IGFBP7, and care is then stratified according to the result. Management follows current Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Conclusions AKI is a common postoperative complication among vascular surgery patients and has a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and cost. Preoperative risk assessment and optimal perioperative management guided by that risk assessment can minimize the consequences associated with postoperative AKI. Adherence to a standardized perioperative pathway designed to reduce risk of AKI after major vascular surgery offers a promising clinical approach to mitigate the incidence and severity of this challenging clinical problem.
Increasing slice overlap in PET/CT to more accurately prescribe scan range and reduce CT dose

2320 Objectives In diagnostic CT a technologist is able to manipulate scan range by individual slices to achieve desired landmarks for scanning. In PET/CT however a technologist is confined to adjusting scan range by adding or subtracting full beds, approximately 40 slices with a traditional seven slice overlap in 3-D imaging. The goal of this abstract is to show that it is feasible to create a more customized prescription range by increasing slice overlap during the prescription without increasing the time of the scan. Also, we will show the CT dose benefits of this approach. Methods By using a excel spreadsheet we analyzed the maximum increase in slice overlap before another bed would be needed by the formula: 40>(x-1) * (y-7). We then analyzed the potential CT dose savings for a traditional fixed tube current protocol by the equation: (x-1)(y-7)/(40x7). Where x is number of beds and y is the slice overlap. The equation of x-1 indicated the number of times we would account for slice overlap in a given scan. The equation y-7 indicated the number of slices increased in the slice overlap over our traditional 7 slices. 40x*7 indicates the number of slices that would be expected during a given exam with a seven slice overlap. Results Our results show for our maximum number of beds (14) we can increase the slice overlap to nine without having to add another bed with a CT reduction of 4.6%. We also found we can increase our overlap to an extreme of 45 slices in two beds with a CT reduction of 46%. Slice overlap may be increased up to 27, 19, 15, 13, 13, 11, 11, 11, 9, 9, 9 for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 beds respectively. Corresponding CT dose savings range from 31.5% for three beds with a slice overlap of 27 to 4.6% for 13 beds with a slice overlap of 9 in comparison to the same number of beds with a slice overlap of 7. Conclusions Increasing slice overlap while prescribing CT scan range is an effective tool to allow for a more customized scan localization area while not increasing scan time and reducing radiation dose
Osteoporosis: Who Should be Treated? Who Should be Screened?

Abstract Considerable progress has been made toward a more scientific and rational basis for selecting patients for osteoporosis screening and treatment. The monumental efforts of the FRAX development group have yielded a powerful new tool to be used in fracture risk assessment. This has moved our focus from bone mineral density as a sole clinical decision tool to more complex but accurate methods of decision support. In the US and abroad, with better recognition of the economics of osteoporosis, cost-effectiveness models have led to new clinical guidelines and thresholds for screening and treatment. As medical information technology becomes widely incorporated into clinical practice, reliance on the individual practitioner to identify and treat people at risk is being replaced by vastly more efficient systems approaches. Quality of care can now be measured on a national basis and mandates for improvement from expert societies and governments are likely to focus attention on a disease that today still is underappreciated and undertreated.
Abstract 1604: Highly sensitive digital detection of circulating DNA cancer mutations using synthetic genome standards

With the emergence of precision cancer medicine, there is an increasing need for new longitudinal diagnostic tests to evaluate patients at the initial diagnosis, during treatment, and for routine monitoring. As a general solution, we developed a single-color digital PCR assay technology that detects and quantifies circulating DNA cancer mutations collected from the plasma of cancer patients. The assay has a sensitivity of 0.1% mutation allelic fraction and can be designed for nearly any cancer mutation. In addition, this assay demonstrates design flexibility, low cost, and robust performance, making it a powerful approach for longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients during treatment. Positive controls are a critical component for highly sensitive detection of circulating DNA cancer mutations. However, there are minimal resources for providing standard curves. Commercially available cancer cell lines cover a very limited number of cancer mutations. Amplicons or oligonucleotides pose a high risk of contamination due to the sheer number of molecules generated, an important consideration when working with rare molecular species such as cell-free DNA. To address this challenge, we developed a novel technology that enables a single copy of synthetic human genome sequence to be introduced into a non-mammalian eukaryotic genome. The system highly-scalable and capable of producing thousands of unique clones which can be archived for future use, accessed individually, or combined to create customizable target pools on-demand. These custom designed synthetic positive controls are therefore readily renewable, require no amplification to obtain, and most importantly allow precise control over the number of molar equivalents of each target in a reaction. Using these synthetic controls, we simulate low mutation-allele fractions to validate the specificity and sensitivity of our assay. As a proof of concept, we have designed approximately 400 cancer mutation controls in driver genes such as KRAS and EGFR, and developed a design process to generate multiplex digital PCR assays targeting these driver genes. We will validate the digital PCR assays with standard bulk PCR and will validate the template by comparing to results generated using cancer cell line derived DNA. In the era of circulating DNA diagnostics, these genome engineered synthetic controls meet a critical need for reliable and customizable positive controls. Citation Format: Christina M. Wood-Bouwens, Robert P. St.Onge, Hanlee P. Ji. Highly sensitive digital detection of circulating DNA cancer mutations using synthetic genome standards [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1604.
Mortality and Morbidity in a Population Exposed to Emission from a Municipal Waste Incinerator. A Retrospective Cohort Study

In the present research, we evaluated the health effects of exposure to the municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Pisa, Italy, through a population-based cohort design. The individual exposure pattern in the area was estimated through CALPUFF dispersion models of NOχ (developed by Atmospheric Studies Group Earth Tech, Lowell, Massachusetts), used as pollution proxies of the MWI and the relevant industrial plant, and through land-use regression for NOχ due to traffic pollution. Using Cox regression analysis, hazard ratios (HR) were estimated adjusting for exposure to other sources of pollution, age, and socioeconomic deprivation. An adjusted linear trend of HR (HRt) over the categories of exposure, with the relative 95% CI and p-value, was also calculated. Mortality and hospital discharge were studied as impact outcomes. Mortality analysis on males showed increased trends of mortality due to natural causes (HRt p < 0.05), the tumor of the lymphohematopoietic system (HRt p = 0.01), cardiovascular diseases (HRt p < 0.01); in females, increased trends for acute respiratory diseases (HRt p = 0.04). Morbidity analysis showed a HRt for lymphohematopoietic system tumor in males (HRt p = 0.04). Some of the excesses are in agreement with previous evidence on the health effects of MWIs, although the observation in males but not in females, suggests a cautious interpretation. Confounding due to other sources of exposure cannot be ruled out. The evidence was considered important in the decision-making process of the waste cycle.
'Routine Infrastructuring' as 'Building Everyday Resilience with Technology': When Disruption Becomes Ordinary

Getting a divorce. Being diagnosed with a disease. Going through a relationship breakup. Living through a natural disaster. All of these events are often life disrupting and debilitating. While some disruptive events are short-lived, some can be a routine part of everyday life. This leads to the question of how people who experience prolonged disruption in their lives build resilience---that is, how do they manage and overcome such events? To explore this question, this paper utilizes a case study approach to explore the use, creation, and re-appropriation of technology across three prolonged disruptions-the Second Gulf War in Iraq, veteran transitions, and the coming out experiences of LGBTQ-identifying people. Using a conceptual frame that brings together routine dynamics and infrastructuring, we find that engaging in routine infrastructuring practices generated resilience in people's daily lives---a phenomenon we dub 'routine infrastructuring' as 'building everyday resilience with technology.' We then theorize properties of infrastructure and infrastructuring practice that enable resiliency, and conclude with how infrastructuring is a form of care work that is oriented towards individuals, communities, and society.
Quizalofop-p-ethyl application in water-seeded coenzyme A carboxylase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant rice with different flood systems

A field study was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 crop seasons at the LSU AgCenter H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station to evaluate weed control and rice yield after quizalofop-p-ethyl applications in water-seeded coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)–resistant ‘PVLO1' long-grain rice production utilizing different flood systems, application timings, and quizalofop rates. The initial application of quizalofop was applied at five timings beginning when ‘PVLO1’ rice was at the coleoptile stage (PEG) through the one- to two-tiller stage. A total quizalofop rate of 240 g ai ha–¹ was split into two applications: 97 followed by 143 g ha–¹ or 120 followed by 120 g ai ha–¹ in both pinpoint and delayed flood water-seeded management systems. A second quizalofop application was applied 14 d after initial treatment (DAIT). At 14 DAIT, a reduction in control of barnyardgrass and red rice was observed by delaying the initial quizalofop application to the two- to four-tiller stage compared with rice treated at earlier growth stages. At 42 DAIT, control of barnyardgrass was 94% to 96%, and red rice was 98% following the second application of quizalofop, regardless of initial application timing. Rice treated with quizalofop at the PEG and two- and three-leaf stage resulted in a rice height of 104 cm at harvest compared with 96 to 100 cm when the initial application of quizalofop was delayed to later growth stages. Applying the initial application of quizalofop to rice at the PEG timing in the pinpoint or the delayed flood system resulted in a total gross value per hectare of $450 and $590, respectively. Within each flood system, delaying the initial application of quizalofop to the one- to two-tiller stage resulted in a gross per-hectare value reduction of $100 ha⁻¹ in the pinpoint flood and $110 ha⁻¹ in the delayed flood. Nomenclature: Quizalofop-p-ethyl; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.; red rice, Oryza sativa L.; rice, Oryza sativa L.
Assessment of the Relationship between Military Weapon Qualification Scores and Attributes of Simulated Marksmanship Mission Readiness

The U.S. military uses performance in standardized weapons qualification tests as one benchmark of mission readiness. However, validity concerns have risen about the current qualification model in ...
COMPARISON OF THE INTERACTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE WITH LIVER MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROMES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a comparison of the interaction of cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide with liver microsomal cytochromes. Organic peroxides such as cumene hydroperoxide can react with the ferric form of microsomal cytochrome P-450 to catalyze the oxidative metabolism of a variety of different substrates. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide addition to liver microsomes results in the oxidative transformation of only a limited type of substrate, notably a compound capable of undergoing N -dealkylation reactions. The differences between the reactivity of CUOOH and H 2 O 2 were revealed when the interaction of these oxidants with microsomal cytochromes P-450 or b 5 was analyzed spectrophotometrically under anaerobic conditions in the presence of reduced pyridine nucleotides. The addition of hydrogen peroxide together with NADPH or NADH to an anaerobic suspension of liver microsoms indicates that NADPH is rapidly oxidized while NADH is only very slowly oxidized. The simultaneous addition of NADH and NADPH together with H 2 O 2 results in only the rapid oxidation of NADPH. It is found that the rate of the hydrogen-peroxide-initiated oxidation of NADPH is stimulated in the presence of a substrate such as benzphetamine and inhibited in the presence of carbon monoxide.
Increasing the Lifetime of Flash Memories Using Multi-Dimensional Graph-Based Codes

In order to meet the demands of data-hungry applications, data storage devices are required to be increasingly denser. Various sources of error appear with this increase in density. Multi-dimensional (MD) graph-based codes are capable of mitigating error sources like interference and channel non-uniformity in dense storage devices. Recently, a technique was proposed to enhance the performance of MD spatially-coupled codes that are based on circulants. The technique carefully relocates circulants to minimize the number of short cycles. However, cycles become more detrimental when they combine together to form more advanced objects, e.g., absorbing sets, including low-weight codewords. In this paper, we show how MD relocations can be exploited to minimize the number of detrimental objects in the graph of an MD code. Moreover, we demonstrate the savings in the number of relocation arrangements earned by focusing on objects rather than cycles. Our technique is applicable to a wide variety of one-dimensional (OD) codes. Simulation results reveal significant lifetime gains in practical Flash systems achieved by MD codes designed using our technique compared with OD codes having similar parameters.
NBZIMM: negative binomial and zero-inflated mixed models, with application to microbiome/metagenomics data analysis

Microbiome/metagenomic data have specific characteristics, including varying total sequence reads, over-dispersion, and zero-inflation, which require tailored analytic tools. Many microbiome/metagenomic studies follow a longitudinal design to collect samples, which further complicates the analysis methods needed. A flexible and efficient R package is needed for analyzing processed multilevel or longitudinal microbiome/metagenomic data. NBZIMM is a freely available R package that provides functions for setting up and fitting negative binomial mixed models, zero-inflated negative binomial mixed models, and zero-inflated Gaussian mixed models. It also provides functions to summarize the results from fitted models, both numerically and graphically. The main functions are built on top of the commonly used R packages nlme and MASS, allowing us to incorporate the well-developed analytic procedures into the framework for analyzing over-dispersed and zero-inflated count or proportion data with multilevel structures (e.g., longitudinal studies). The statistical methods and their implementations in NBZIMM particularly address the data characteristics and the complex designs in microbiome/metagenomic studies. The package is freely available from the public GitHub repository https://github.com/nyiuab/NBZIMM . The NBZIMM package provides useful tools for complex microbiome/metagenomics data analysis.
Loneliness in COVID-19, Life, and the Law

This Article analyzes loneliness in the COVID-19 pandemic, life, and the legal profession, especially in legal education. This Article examines: (1) loneliness: what it is, who is lonely, how loneliness affects an individual, and recent evidence about experiences of loneliness in the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) personal, organizational, and societal costs of loneliness; (3) current research about well-being and loneliness in the legal profession and legal education; (4) results from the first loneliness survey of law students; and (5) three evidence-based interventions to mitigate loneliness: mindfulness, talk therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy), and inclusion. In so doing, this Article investigates the individual, organizational, personal, professional, and social costs of loneliness.
Activating urban environments as social infrastructure through civic stewardship

Stewardship consists of acts of claims-making on space and caretaking of place that activate urban environments to function as social infra-structure. While stewardship practices are enacted by actors across the governance network, there is a need to better understand the role of civil society. Civic stewardship groups care and advocate for green, grey, and blue spaces, and can strengthen social trust and foster civic engagement. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 26) with a sample of New York City civic stewardship groups from a previous survey dataset (n = 754); the sample was stratified by network position and geographic scale. This paper analyzes how these groups operate in physical geographies and through relational networks. We describe the practices by which stewards activate and transform urban environ-ments to create more sustainable cities, finding that activation of social infrastructure depends upon the degree of group connectivity and scale at which groups work.
Charge carrier mobility of halide perovskite single crystals for ionizing radiation detection

Halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising semiconductor materials for several applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and radiation detectors. The charge carrier transport properties, which could be evaluated by the mobility-lifetime (mu-tau or μ-г) product, serve an important role for the development of halide perovskites for radiation detection applications. In this Perspective, we first explain the charge transport mechanism and the limiting factors that determine the intrinsic charge carrier mobility in halide perovskite single crystals. Then, we overview the techniques and methods that have been employed for evaluating the charge carrier mobility (for both electrons and holes). Finally, we discuss the discrepancy in the experimentally determined carrier mobility from the literature for halide perovskite single crystals, and provide a perspective on future developments for carrier mobility enhancement.
Synthesis of tetranuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles

Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes have received much attention due to their attractive photochemical, electrochemical, and biological properties. Beyond simple mononuclear complexes, multinuclear assemblies offer greater structural diversity and properties. Despite previous reports on the preparation of di-, tri-, or tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl assemblies, the synthesis of these supramolecular structures remains challenging due to overall low yields or tedious purification protocols. Herein, the facile preparation and characterization of tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles with a square geometry is reported using a tetrazole-based ligand. The synthesis of the metallacycle was optimized using different metal precursors, solvents, temperatures, and reagent concentrations. Finally, the scope of suitable tetrazole-based ligands was explored to produce several tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl-based metallacycles.
Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies

Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-mediated killing. Thus, while many T cell-based immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have achieved considerable success in some solid cancers and hematological malignancies, these therapies often fail in solid tumors due to tumor-imposed T cell dysfunctions. These dysfunctional mechanisms broadly include reduced T cell access into and identification of tumors, as well as an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that elicits T cell exhaustion. Therefore, novel, rational approaches are necessary to overcome the barriers to T cell function elicited by solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of conventional immunotherapeutic strategies and the various barriers to T cell anti-tumor function encountered in solid tumors that lead to resistance. We will also explore a sampling of emerging strategies specifically aimed to bypass these tumor-imposed boundaries to T cell-based immunotherapies.
A Priori Bounds

We want to study the equation $${P_{n + 1}} = {\phi _{n + 1}}\left( {{P_n}{{H'}_n}{{({H_n}{P_n}{{H'}_n} + {R_n})}^{ - 1}}{H_n}{P_n}} \right){\phi '_{n + 1}} + {G_{n + 1}}{Q_n}{G'_{n + 1}}$$ where Pno = Г. Recall that Pn+1 represents the prediction error covariance at time n + l given data to time n, while \({P_n} - {P_n}{H'_n}{\left( {{H_n}{P_n}{{H'}_n} + {R_n}} \right)^{ - 1}}{H_n}{P_n}\) represents the filter error covariance, the error covariance matrix of the signal process x at time n given data to time n. We have and will assume the matrix Φ n is invertible for all n. When the processes arise from sampling of continuous time diffusion processes this assumption is fulfilled. Define the mapping τn+1 as $${\tau _{n + 1}}({P_n})\mathop = \limits^\vartriangle {\phi _{n + 1}}{\left( {{P_n} - {P_n}{{H'}_n}({H_n}{P_n}{{H'}_n}) + {R_n}} \right)^{ - 1}}{H_n}{P_n}){\phi '_{n + 1}} + {G_{n + 1}}{Q_n}{G'_{n + 1}}$$
Myelography in the cat a comparison of cisternal versus lumbar puncture using metrizamide

Metrizamide myelographic examinations were performed on five normal cats using sequential cisternal and lumbar injections at weekly intervals to determine the dose of contrast medium required, adverse effects, and quality of the myelographic study. The normal myelographic appearance in the cat is described. All spinal cords were examined histopathologically after the termination of the study, and variable mild lesions were found. Doses of 0.2 ml/kg, 0.35 ml/kg, and 0.4 ml/kg metrizantide, respectively, for lumbar, thoracolumbar, and complete spinal studies are recommended when performing lumbar injection. Recommended doses using cisternal injection for cervical, cervicothoracic, and complete spinal studies are 0.2, 0.45, and 0.5 ml/kg, respectively. Subjectively, lumbar injection produced higher-quality thoracolumbar myelograms and cisternal injection produced higher-quality cervical studies. Clinical complications during the study included one seizure following cisternal myelography and mild neurologic deficits in all cats, which resolved within 36–48 hours.
The Elusive Logic of Standing Doctrine in Intellectual Property Law

This article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the rules that courts employ to determine who must, may, or may not be a plaintiff in a patent, copyright, or trademark infringement action. Under the patent rules, which date back to the nineteenth century, the patent owner must always be a party to infringement litigation; the exclusive licensee of a patent also may initiate litigation, but only if she joins the owner as a plaintiff; and a nonexclusive licensee lacks standing to participate altogether. As we demonstrate, these simple-sounding rules give rise to some anomalies and are inconsistent, in certain important respects, from the more liberal rules followed in copyright and trademark law. We argue that economic analysis can help to clarify the ways in which infringement threatens (or does not threaten) the interests of the various parties to a transfer agreement (including assignors, assignees, licensors, and exclusive and nonexclusive licensees), and that it provides some plausible reasons for the differences among the rules employed within the three bodies of intellectual property law. More importantly, we argue that, once the relevant interests are better understood, the joinder and intervention provisions of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure furnish a sufficient framework for determining who should or should not be a party to an infringement action. The need for standing rules that are specific to intellectual property disputes is, in other words, a myth.
A Speedy Data Uploading Approach for Twitter Trend and Sentiment Analysis Using HADOOP

The current Analytics tools and models that are available in the market are very costly, unable to handle Big Data and less secure. The traditional Analytics systems takes a long time to come up with results, so it is not beneficial to use for Real Time Analytics. So, the proposed work resolves all these problems by combining the Apache Open Source platform which solves the issues of Real Time Analytics using HADOOP. It also provides scalability and reduced cost over analytics by using open Source Software. The work proposes to combine the Apache Open Source Modules and configure them to get the required result. This system also provide solution for speedy data downloading on HDFS by using source and sink (data ingestion) mechanism. The Hadoop is flexible and scalable architecture. The proposed work is based upon the phenomenon of combination of open source software along with commodity hardware that will increase the profit of IT Industry.
Hydrological Time Series Analysis

First page of article Keywords: time series analysis; ARMA; nonparametric time series models; K-nearest neighbor resampling; bootstrap; stochastic disaggregation
Applying reversible chemistry of CO2 to supramolecular polymers

Novel supramolecular, reversibly formed polymers featuring self-assembling capsules have been constructed through chemical fixation of CO2 and hydrogen bonding.
Management of Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death among U.S. men and women. Despite much effort in translational research, pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a challenging disease with an overall 5-year survival rate less than 5%. To date, the only potentially curative treatment for managing pancreatic adenocarcinoma is surgical resection. However, more than 80% of patients are deemed either unresectable or metastatic upon diagnosis. For borderline resectable disease, although there is no high-level evidence supporting its use, an initial approach involving neoadjuvant therapy is preferred, as opposed to immediate surgery. In this year’s ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, several studies were presented with approaches towards treating borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Retrospective studies (Abstract #280, #304, #327) were presented and showed that neoadjuvant chemoradiation were associated with higher rates of negative margin resection and better survival. The tolerability of accelerated fraction radiotherapy with concomitant capecitabine was demonstrated in a phase I study (Abstract #329). More effective therapeutic approaches and prospective studies are needed for this devastating illness. This highlight article will focus on the management of borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Characterization of the respiration‐induced yeast mitochondrial permeability transition pore

When isolated mitochondria from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidize respiratory substrates in the absence of phosphate and ADP, the yeast mitochondrial unselective channel, also called the yeast permeability transition pore (yPTP), opens in the inner membrane, dissipating the electrochemical gradient. ATP also induces yPTP opening. yPTP opening allows mannitol transport into isolated mitochondria of laboratory yeast strains, but mannitol is not readily permeable through the yPTP in an industrial yeast strain, Yeast Foam. The presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, allowed for respiration-induced mannitol permeability in mitochondria from this strain. Potassium (K+) had varied effects on the respiration-induced yPTP, depending on the concentration of the respiratory substrate added. At low respiratory substrate concentrations K+ inhibited respiration-induced yPTP opening, while at high substrate concentrations this effect diminished. However, at the high respiratory substrate concentrations, the presence of K+ partially prevented phosphate inhibition of yPTP opening. Phosphate was found to inhibit respiration-induced yPTP opening by binding a site on the matrix space side of the inner membrane in addition to its known inhibitory effect of donating protons to the matrix space to prevent the pH change necessary for yPTP opening. The respiration-induced yPTP was also inhibited by NAD, Mg2+, NH4+ or the oxyanion vanadate polymerized to decavanadate. The results demonstrate similar effectors of the respiration-induced yPTP as those previously described for the ATP-induced yPTP and reconcile previous strain-dependent differences in yPTP solute selectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying Normal Accident Theory to radiation oncology: Failures are normal but patient harm can be prevented.

There is growing recognition that patient safety is an urgent health care systems problem.1-4 As we in health care struggle to address this challenge, we might do well to consider the substantial work already done in non–health care settings to better understand and mitigate failures. Experts outside of health care largely embrace the Normal Accident Theory, initially proposed by Dr Charles Perrow in 1984, which provides a set of concepts and framework for analyzing failure potential within and between systems.5 Normal Accident Theory promotes the concept that failures in systems will occur and should be expected as part of normal operations. Systems are defined based on two key characteristics (Fig 1). First, systems in which failures propagate and interact predictably are considered linear; those in which failures behave unpredictably are interactively complex (Fig 1, x-axis). Second, systems that can adequately detect and respond to failures are loosely coupled, whereas systems that cannot detect and
Drafting New York Civil-Litigation Documents: Part XL — In Limine, Trial, and Post-Trial Motions

This article, the 50th in a continuing series on drafting civil-litigation documents for New York State courts, discusses motions in limine and begins the discussion of trial motions.
Stimulus interference and conditioned inhibition of auditory hallucinations

Abstract Auditory hallucinations were temporarily stopped by conversation and lastingly stopped by faradic aversive conditioning. A 1-yr follow-up of the patient revealed no evidence of recurrence.
Yield-per-Area Optimization for 6T-SRAMs Using an Integrated Approach to Exploit Spares and ECC to Efficiently Combat High Defect and Soft-Error Rates

Memories constitute increasing proportions of most digital systems and memory-intensive chips lead the migration to new nanometer fabrication processes. With each process generation, process variations and defect rates are increasing, at the same time, cells are becoming more susceptible to soft errors with technology shrink. SRAMs will thus require increasing numbers of spares and stronger error correcting codes (ECCs), incurring higher area overheads and access-time penalties. Our overall objective is to develop new systematic approaches for designing defect-tolerant 6T-SRAMs optimized in terms of yield-per-area under high defect rates and high soft error rates, for given soft-error resilience and access-time requirements. In this paper, we analyze the key tradeoffs associated with using different numbers of spares and ECCs with different strengths. In addition to considering the usual role of each -- i.e., spares to combat defects and ECC to combat soft errors -- we also consider the ability of ECC to combat those defects which cannot be masked using available spares. We develop a new model that captures the benefits -- yield and resilience to soft errors -- of spares and ECC in an integrated manner. We also characterize area and access time overheads of the spares and the ECC scheme. We then integrate above into a framework to design 6T-SRAMs that optimizes yield-per-area. We demonstrate that the proposed approach provides dramatic improvements in yield and yield-per-area without compromising resilience to soft errors.
Status of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter and Its Performance after One Year of LHC Operation

Abstract The ATLAS experiment is designed to study the proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. Liquid Argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters are used in ATLAS for all electromagnetic calorimetry covering the pseudorapidity region |η| s =900 GeV and 7 TeV since the start of LHC running. The latest status of the detector as well as problems and solutions addressed during the last years are also discussed.
Predicting the frequency of food-related agonism in white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus), using a novel focal-tree method.

Food abundance and distribution have played a central role in the conceptual theory of primate socioecology [Janson, Behaviour 105:53–76, 1988; Isbell, Behavioral Ecology 2:143–155, 1991; Sterck et al., Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41:291–309, 1997; van Schaik, In: Standen V, Foley RA, editors, Comparative Socioecology. Oxford: Blackwell. p 195–218, 1989]. This theory predicts that agonistic (“contest”) competition should occur when food is distributed in discrete, defensible patches; in contrast, when food sources are distributed uniformly or randomly, non-agonistic (“scramble”) competition is expected. Primatologists usually measure resource density and patchiness from a botanical perspective, ignoring the biology of the animal being studied. Such an approach may be irrelevant in terms of how animals view the dispersion of resources. Using a novel focal-tree method that measures resource availability on a scale that is both spatially and temporally relevant to the animal under investigation, we take a cost-benefit approach to predict the frequency of food-related agonism in white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) from 11 ecological and social variables. We retained four variables in the regression model: two representing the opportunity for aggression (i.e., feeding bout length and the number of feeding adult females), and two representing opportunity costs (i.e., fruit abundance and the number of potential feeding sites in the focal tree). The results of this study indicate that the amount of food-related aggression in white-faced capuchins can be predicted by variables representing the costs and benefits of contesting a food resource. Am. J. Primatol. 69:533–550, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of adult children of alcoholics

Ninety-seven adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs), 36 adults with dysfunctional family histories, and 41 adults without identified dysfunctional family histories were compared on self-reports of 20 adult characteristics. Significant differences among the groups were found on 4 of the characteristics, with the ACOA group showing the highest frequency of occurrence on 17 of them. No differences due to gender of the alcoholic parent were found, and there was no group by gender interaction. The results suggested that the clinical characteristics attributed to ACOAs may have some empirical validity but the ACOAs seem fairly similar to adults with other types of dysfunctional family histories.