cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Assessing Digital Story Projects in Middle Grades English Language Arts

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate teacher practice in the areas of monitoring and assessing digital story projects. The Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts require students to use text-based evidence in their analyses of literary texts. Woven into the standards are expectations for students’ use of technology to research and communicate ideas in a variety of formats. When students construct digital stories based on literary works, they select images that visually represent characters, setting, theme, and conflict. Farmer (2004) observed that the process of selecting images to visually represent literary elements helped students to think critically about the story and what it meant. However, the assessment of student-authored digital products is a challenging proposition for novice technology users. The researcher followed the work of two middle grades English language arts teachers, whose students created digital stories to demonstrate their understanding of literary elements in the novel The Outsiders. Classroom observations, teacher interviews, and artifacts of teacher and student work shared through a project wiki, Google Drive and online conferencing comprised the data set. The study findings describe how the subjects used technology to facilitate project monitoring and how they incorporated formative and summative assessments into the digital storytelling project. Several implications for teacher education are discussed, including parallels to the writing process instructional model, the role of cloud computing in collaboration and assessment, and the importance of connecting teaching methods to technology coursework.
Success by Regular Classroom Teachers in Implementing a Model Elementary School AIDS Education Curriculum

The study that will be described in this chapter is the third phase of a five-year project funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (School-based AIDS Education & Children’s Health Concepts MH47251) to investigate the process of conceptual development by which healthy elementary school-age children acquire an understanding of the concepts of health as related to HIV infection and AIDS and the efficacy of school-based education in promoting the acquisition of these concepts. The first phase of the study involved the collection of normative data regarding children’s health concepts and AIDS through the administration of a semi-structured interview (ASK—AIDS Survey for Kids) to a cross-sectional sample (N=361) of elementary school-age children attending regular education classes in four public schools in New Haven, Connecticut (U.S.A.). This phase provided the data necessary for the creation of a developmentally-based curricula and the standardization of the research interview (ASK) that was utilized as the principal outcome measure for subsequent phases. (Schonfeld, Johnson, Perrin, O’Hare & Cicchetti, 1993)
Art’s Pedagogical Paradox

This article contributes to conversations concerning art education futures through engaging alternative relations between art, education, and democracy that mobilize education as art projects assoc...
Purification and characterization of protein methylase I (S-adenosylmethionine: protein-arginine methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.23) from calf brain.

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses an enzyme that has been originally isolated from calf thymus and found to be located primarily in the cytosol. Analysis of endogenous methylated proteins shows that mainly histones are methylated. The enzyme is found in various organs of the rat and is especially elevated in brain, thymus, testis, and spleen. The products of histone methylation by protein methylase I can be identified as N G -mono, N G , N G -di-, and N G , N rG -dimethylarginin. Incorporation of S adenosyl- L [methyl- 14 C] methionine into histone can be measured under conditions (pH 7.2) III favorable for methylation of the guanidino group of arginine residues. Methylation of lysine residues by protein methylase III is negligible at pH 7.2. This chapter discusses the purification procedures where the initial steps are with minor modification. The final enzyme preparation is free of other protein methylases (II and III).
THE ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF THE WATER VAPOR PERMEABILITY OF GLOVE MATERIALS

Gloveboxes are frequently used for the protection of personnel and containment of an inert atmosphere within which operations upon pyrophoric or physiologically hazardous materials are performed. L...
Trajectory classes of heavy episodic drinking among Asian American college students.

Aims Heavy episodic drinking (HED) among Asian Americans is a growing concern. However, little is known about the etiology and developmental patterns of HED among Asian Americans, even though this group is one of the fastest-growing populations in the United States. Design Three year longitudinal design. Participants Sample included 404 Asian American college students transitioning from high school, through the college years. Measurement Measures included heavy episodic drinking, parental and peer relationships, alcohol expectancies, drinking values, and alcohol-related problems. Findings Results from growth-mixture models (GMM) identified two discrete latent classes of HED comprising 59% of our sample: these trajectory classes (high increasers and low increasers) corresponded to expected changes and stability in well-established correlates of drinking behaviour, including alcohol-related problems, personal drinking values and alcohol expectancies. Parental awareness and caring and quality of peer relationships during senior year of high school were associated directly and indirectly with HED class membership. Conclusion These findings advance the literature by providing information about the developmental course of HED among Asian American young adults. The significant within-group variability in problematic drinking in this sample highlights the fact that subgroups of high-risk drinkers can be identified even in relatively low-risk groups such as Asian Americans.
Studies on the Polymorphism of l-Glutamic Acid: Part V. Crystallization of l-Glutamie Acid in β-Form

The β-crystal formation of l-glutamic acid in the seeded solution was investigated; and it was found that the growth rate of the seed crystals in a-axis direction was nearly as large as that of the α-crystal, but the growth rate in b- and c-axes was little recognized. The activation energy of the crystallization process of the β-crystal in a-axis direction was calculated from the growth rate constants determined at various temperatures, and 6~7 kcal/mol was obtained. On the assumption that the crystallization of β-crystal growth was controlled by the diffusional operation, the thickness of the laminar film was calculated from the growth rate constant and the estimated value of the diffusional constant. The calculated value of the thickness was much greater than the value reported by Nernst; therefore, the crystallization process should be controlled by the surface reaction. The co-existence of a small quantity of amino acids caused a great reduction in the growth rate of the β-crystal.
A Partial Purification and Characterization of a Phosphoanhydride Hydrolase (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase) from the Frog Egg

Abstract Methods for the partial purification of the phosphoprotein phosphatase of the frog egg are described. The enzyme is soluble in distilled water, is heat stable, and is not inactivated by 1 m acetic acid or 0.1 n Na2CO3. The pH optimum (3.0) is unusually low. The enzyme is inhibited competitively by phosphate and molybdate. The enzyme has no activity on the internal pyrophosphates of dinucleotides and similar compounds, on phosphoramidates, or on aliphatic phosphate esters. The enzyme is active on a long series of acyl phosphates: organic and inorganic polyphosphates, both long and short chains and small rings; aromatic phosphates; phosphoenolpyruvate; acetyl phosphate; and carbamyl phosphate. It is less active on phosphoproteins. Evidence is presented which suggests that these activities are all due to one enzyme. The enzyme most closely resembles the phosphoprotein phosphatase of spleen but differs from the latter in several critical respects. The implications of these findings are examined. It is suggested that the enzyme is better classified as a nonspecific phosphoanhydride hydrolase than as a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
ER modeling of semantic structure for survey design

A vital portion of conceptual analysis is the identification and definition of the semantic structure of a domain. The paper discusses semantic structure, contrasting it with semantic content, and describes the role of both in formal descriptions of domain concepts. The entity-relationship (ER) model offers the scope and expressive capacity appropriate for representing semantic structure (but is inadequate for modeling semantic content). Use of the ER technique for analysis of semantic structure in survey design is presented. The ER diagram for a survey explicitly depicts how a population is defined, and how data are obtained. The paper closes with a discussion of the contribution of the ER model to the design and documentation of a survey. >
A novel AIF tracking method and comparison of DCE-MRI parameters using individual and population-based AIFs in human breast cancer

Quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data requires the accurate determination of the arterial input function (AIF). A novel method for obtaining the AIF is presented here and pharmacokinetic parameters derived from individual and population-based AIFs are then compared. A Philips 3.0 T Achieva MR scanner was used to obtain 20 DCE-MRI data sets from ten breast cancer patients prior to and after one cycle of chemotherapy. Using a semi-automated method to estimate the AIF from the axillary artery, we obtain the AIF for each patient, AIF(ind), and compute a population-averaged AIF, AIF(pop). The extended standard model is used to estimate the physiological parameters using the two types of AIFs. The mean concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for the AIFs segmented manually and by the proposed AIF tracking approach is 0.96, indicating accurate and automatic tracking of an AIF in DCE-MRI data of the breast is possible. Regarding the kinetic parameters, the CCC values for K(trans), v(p) and v(e) as estimated by AIF(ind) and AIF(pop) are 0.65, 0.74 and 0.31, respectively, based on the region of interest analysis. The average CCC values for the voxel-by-voxel analysis are 0.76, 0.84 and 0.68 for K(trans), v(p) and v(e), respectively. This work indicates that K(trans) and v(p) show good agreement between AIF(pop) and AIF(ind) while there is a weak agreement on v(e).
Two results on rearrangement invariant spaces on an infinite interval

Abstract We construct (Theorem 2) an example of a nonseparable rearrangement invariant Banach function space X on (0, ∞) that satisfies the following “truncated” shift continuity condition (S): ∥xχ(n, n + 1)∥ → 0 as n → ∞ for each x ϵ X. On the other hand (Theorem 1) condition (S) implies almost separability, that is, that the restriction of an arbitrary space (satisfying (S)) to any subset of finite measure is separable.
Measurement of Vocabularies of Young Bilingual Children in Both of the Languages Used

(1949). Measurement of Vocabularies of Young Bilingual Children in Both of the Languages Used. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 305-310.
Numerical simulation and stability analysis of thin flexible micro film for thermotunneling application

Combined thermionic emission and tunneling of hot electrons (thermo-tunneling) has emerged as a potential new solid-state cooling technology. Practical implementation of thermo- tunneling, however, requires the formation of a nanometer-sized gap spanning macroscopically significant surfaces. Thermo-tunneling is a term used to describe combined emission of hot electrons (thermionic emission) and tunneling of electrons through a narrow potential barrier between two surfaces (field emission). Thermo-tunneling of hot electrons across a few nanometer gap has application to vacuum electronics, flat panel displays, and holds great potential in thermo-electric cooling and energy generation. Development of new thermo-tunneling applications requires creation of a stable nanometer gap between two surfaces. This presentation is focused on our effort to investigate the stability of the thin flexible structure under electro-static and Lorenz forces opposing each other. In this presentation, we report the result of numerical simulation with some mathematical simplifications. The mathematical model used for the numerical simulation is well studied in the literature. Using forth order partial differential beam equation we studied steady state solution of the system using Galerkin method. Assuming practical values for the parameters of the system equilibrium points and their type as a characteristic of a dynamical system is studied.
Combining ondansetron and naltrexone reduces craving among biologically predisposed alcoholics: preliminary clinical evidence.

Rationale: Previously, we have reported that the combination of ondansetron (a 5-HT3 antagonist) and naltrexone (a mu opioid antagonist) appears to act synergistically at improving the drinking outcomes of early onset alcoholics (EOA), a subtype of alcoholic characterized by developing problem-drinking earlier, antisocial behaviors, high familial loading, and biological disease predisposition. Presumably, this medication combination counteracts the interaction between activated central 5-HT3 receptors and the endogenous opioid system during the mediation of alcohol-induced reward. We now hypothesize further that an important mechanism by which the combination diminishes alcohol consumption is through a reduction in craving. Objective: To determine whether the combination of naltrexone and ondansetron is superior to a placebo at reducing craving among EOA, and the relationship between craving and drinking behavior in both treatment groups. Methods: We conducted an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 10 EOA were randomized to receive ondansetron (4 µg/kg b.i.d.) + naltrexone (25 mg b.i.d.) and 10 EOA had a placebo (total n=20) as an adjunct to weekly standardized group cognitive behavioral therapy. Craving was measured by using the obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS). Results: Craving ratings were scored on four subscales which where derived empirically by principal component structure analysis of the OCDS. EOA who received the medication combination, compared with the placebo, had significantly lower scores on "automaticity of drinking" and "alcohol consumption". Reduction in automaticity of drinking was correlated with self-reported drinking for only the medication combination group. Conclusions: By reducing automaticity of drinking, the medication combination presumably decreased drinking salience and intensity. Larger scale studies testing these medications, both alone and together, among alcoholic subtypes are needed to establish and extend these promising findings.
Virial theorem and universality in a unitary fermi gas.

Unitary Fermi gases, where the scattering length is large compared to the interparticle spacing, can have universal properties, which are independent of the details of the interparticle interactions when the range of the scattering potential is negligible. We prepare an optically trapped, unitary Fermi gas of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, tuned just above the center of a broad Feshbach resonance. In agreement with the universal hypothesis, we observe that this strongly interacting many-body system obeys the virial theorem for an ideal gas over a wide range of temperatures. Based on this result, we suggest a simple volume thermometry method for unitary gases. We also show that the observed breathing mode frequency, which is close to the unitary hydrodynamic value over a wide range of temperature, is consistent with a universal hydrodynamic gas with nearly isentropic dynamics.
Interferon treatment with or without oral ganciclovir in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B: a randomized study

The treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B with alpha interferon alone is unsatisfactory. We evaluated the efficacy of combined administration of interferon-a2a (IFN) with oral ganciclovir, a nucleoside analogue. Forty patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA-positive/HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, were randomized to receive 4.5 MU IFN thrice weekly, subcutaneously, alone or in combination with 3 g ganciclovir per os daily for 26 weeks and followed for 12 months after treatment. Mean serum HBV-DNA levels decreased by 4.0 log10 in the combination group (from 5 x 106 to 4.8 x 102 copies/ml) and by 2.2 log10 in the interferon group (from 8 x 106 to 4.8 x 104 copies/ml) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HBV-DNA became undetectable in 11 of 20 (55%) and in three of 20 (15%) patients in the two groups, respectively (P=0.02). The alanine aminotransferase levels became normal in all patients receiving combination therapy, compared to 75% of those in the interferon group. After cessation of therapy, HBV-DNA increased or reappeared in all patients with 85% also relapsing biochemically. One year after treatment, three patients in each group (15%) remained in sustained biochemical remission with very low serum HBV-DNA levels (median 15 700 copies/ml). We conclude that, in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, 6-month combination therapy with oral ganciclovir and IFN is associated with complete biochemical remission in all treated patients and a 4 log10 decrease in serum HBV-DNA levels. The end of treatment efficacy of this combination scheme is far super- ior to that of IFN monotherapy but sustained responses are few. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of prolonged combination schemes with nucleoside analogues and IFN, compared to IFN monotherapy.
TDP-43 Variants of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

It has been only 5 years since the identification of TDP-43 as the major protein component of the ubiquitinated inclusions in FTLD-U. At that time, there were approximately a dozen papers about TDP-43; today, a “TDP-43” search reveals almost 600 papers. It is now clear that the majority of FTLD cases containing tau- and alpha-synuclein-negative, ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) are FTLD-TDP. The spectrum of TDP-43 proteinopathies includes FTLD-TDP with or without ALS, with or without mutations in GRN, VCP, or TARDBP, with or without chromosome 9p linkage, and sporadic and non-SOD1 familial ALS with or without FTLD-TDP. There are four sub-types of FTLD-TDP, and these correlate with specific clinical and genetic profiles. Sub-types are determined by the presence, predominance, and distribution of the various TDP-43 immunopositive insoluble aggregates—neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, neuronal intranuclear inclusions, and dystrophic neurites. In this paper, FTLD-TDP pathologic sub-types will be described, and examples of each sub-type will be shown, and implications for future research will be discussed.
Expression of N-cadherin by human squamous carcinoma cells induces a scattered fibroblastic phenotype with disrupted cell-cell adhesion

E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates calcium-dependent, homotypic cell-cell adhesion and plays an important role in maintaining the normal phenotype of epithelial cells. Disruption of E-cadherin activity in epithelial cells correlates with formation of metastatic tumors. Decreased adhesive function may be implemented in a number of ways including: (a) decreased expression of E-cadherin; (b) mutations in the gene encoding E-cadherin; or (c) mutations in the genes that encode the catenins, proteins that link the cadherins to the cytoskeleton and are essential for cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. In this study, we explored the possibility that inappropriate expression of a nonepithelial cadherin by an epithelial cell might also result in disruption of cell-cell adhesion. We showed that a squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell line expressed N-cadherin and displayed a scattered fibroblastic phenotype along with decreased expression of E- and P-cadherin. Transfection of this cell line with antisense N-cadherin resulted in reversion to a normal-appearing squamous epithelial cell with increased E- and P-cadherin expression. In addition, transfection of a normal-appearing squamous epithelial cell line with N-cadherin resulted in downregulation of both E- and P-cadherin and a scattered fibroblastic phenotype. In all cases, the levels of expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin were inversely related to one another. In addition, we showed that some squamous cell carcinomas expressed N-cadherin in situ and those tumors expressing N-cadherin were invasive. These studies led us to propose a novel mechanism for tumorigenesis in squamous epithelial cells; i.e., inadvertent expression of a nonepithelial cadherin.
Nuclear Longitudinal Relaxation Times in Liquid D 2

Results for the nuclear longitudinal relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ in liquid ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ are presented as a function of the mole fraction $X$ of the molecules with rotational angular momentum $J=1$ at $T=19.9$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A composite signal with two relaxation times was observed: a long one (${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$ sec)and a short one (${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\le}2.3$ sec)\char22{}attributed, respectively, to the molecules with $J=0$ and $J=1$. A discussion of the ${T}_{1}(J=1)$ results is made in terms of the prediction by the theory of Deutch and Oppenheim, and uses the ${T}_{1}$ results for liquid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. A relaxation mechanism is proposed to account for the ${T}_{1}(J=0)$ results which uses the admixture of higher-energy states into the $J=0$ state due to interaction with neighboring $J=1$ molecules. The relaxation rate for this mechanism had been calculated by Harris for solid ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ and was adapted to the liquid. Reasonable agreement between theory and experiment is found for both ${T}_{1}(J=1)$ and ${T}_{1}(J=0)$.
A critical point theorem with a relaxed boundary condition and critical groups

Let F be a real C1 function de ned on a Banach space X satisfying (PS). Assume that F has only isolated critical values and each critical value corresponds to a nite number of critical points. Suppose that there are bounded disjoint subsets A and S of X such that A links S in dimension n and F ≤ a on A, F?a on S where a is a regular value of F . If nidim X−1 and F is bounded on bounded sets, then F has two di erent critical points u1, u2 with F(u1)iaiF(u2) and Cn(F; u1) 6=0; Cn+1(F; u2) 6=0.
Real-space multiple-scattering theory and the electronic structure of systems with full or reduced symmetry.

We present a new real-space multiple-scattering-theory method for the solution of the Schr{umlt o}dinger equation and the calculation of the electronic structure of solid materials with full or reduced symmetry. The method is based on the concept of semi-infinite periodicity (SIP), rather than translational invariance, and on the property of removal invariance of the scattering matrix of systems with SIP. This latter property allows one to replace the usual Brillouin-zone integrals in reciprocal space by a self-consistency equation for the {ital t} matrix, which is sufficient for the determination of the Green function and related properties. Because it is developed entirely in direct space, the method provides a unified treatment of the electronic structure of bulk materials, surfaces, interfaces and grain boundaries (coherent or incoherent), impurities of interstitial or substitutional kinds, and can be easily extended to treat concentrated, substitutionally disordered alloys. One of its advantages over methods based on Bloch's theorem and reciprocal space is the great simplicity of setting up and running the associated computer codes even for complex structures, and structures with reduced or no symmetry that lie outside the realm of applicability of conventional methods. We present the results of model calculations for one-dimensional and three-dimensionalmore » model systems as well as for three-dimensional realistic materials. Where appropriate, these results are compared with those obtained through conventional techniques, and give an indication of the method's flexibility and reliability. Our applications of this method to this point are discussed, and our plans for future development are presented.« less
Chirality and conformational changes in 4,5-diaryltriphenylenes

Abstract Line-shape analysis of temperature dependent NMR spectra of several substituted 4,5-diphenyl-triphenylenes has been performed to determine the free energy of activation for rotation (ΔGrot*) of the phenyl groups. The rotational barrier (ΔGrot*) depends on the presence and position of substituents on the phenyl groups; it is the largest in compounds with ortho-substituents. The independent determined free energy of activation of racemization (ΔGrac*) is about equal to ΔGrot* in 4-phenyl-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)triphenylene, but in 4,5-bis-(3,5- dimethylphenyl) triphenylene ΔGrac* is much larger than ΔGrot*. It is concluded that the racemization does not occur via a process in which the phenyl groups remain parallel but via a molecular movement in which the phenyl groups turn around each other like cog wheels.
Compact and fast read-out for wavelength-encoded biosensors

Many established and recently-introduced optical biosensor concepts rely on the detection of a small wavelength change in response to change of temperature, adhesion of bio-particles, strain, or chemical environment. Special coatings are used to sensitize them to specifically bound molecules (e.g., biomarkers). We describe a compact and fast wavelength monitor that can resolve sub-pm wavelength changes. The unit was demonstrated by reading out a FBG sensor and can resolve wavelength changes as small as 50fm with a bandwidth of more than 100Hz.
Quantitative Analysis of Upper Paleolithic Stone Tools

T HIS paper examines some of the problems that arise in designing artifact typologies on the basis of quantitative analyses of formal attribute patterning in Upper Paleolithic assemblages.' Although the discussion should have some relevance to numerical classification in all fields of archeology, it will focus specifically upon the construction of a statistical framework for attribute cluster analysis and its application to the study of Aurignacian stone endscrapers. Certain considerations of typological theory and method entailed in this review will suggest both that present techniques of artifact analysis are inadequate for refined type design and that the conceptual framework within which stone tools are now interpreted may itself be profitably revised.
Liver Transplantation: Issues and Nursing Care Requirements

Liver transplantation has evolved into an accepted treatment for many suffering from end-stage liver failure. The complex nature of the liver results in every organ system being impacted by either the failing or the transplanted liver. Organ shortage remains problematic, and work to ensure maximizing the organ donor pool as well as the success of each organ transplant continues. The clinical care and condition of the patient before transplant can impact the outcome after transplant. Nurses can play an integral role in early identification of graft dysfunction, rejection, or infection. Because of the intimate and large amount of time that the nurse is at the patient’s bedside, he or she is often in a position to monitor for potential risks to the patient and take corrective action.
Commentary on: Sharp-needle intradermal fat grafting (SNIF).

In “Sharp-Needle Intradermal Fat Grafting (SNIF),” the authors have shown good results with the use of a sharp needle for intradermal fat-graft injections. The object of this treatment modality has been to enhance dermal filling to reverse fine wrinkles and creases. Fat grafting has been used in the face mainly to improve volume and can restore a youthful appearance in patients who have undergone fat absorption (particularly perioral) with aging. Until about 1 year ago, we were able to use CosmoDerm (Allergan, Irvine, CA) for this purpose. This product was very useful for dermal filling and appeared to be more effective for fine lines than anything else we had available. Since it has been removed from the market, there has been a need for subdermal filling products that address fine wrinkles. The authors of the present study describe an alternative technique for filling these wrinkles. Sharp-needle harvesting and grafting were reported more than 20 years ago, by myself and Dr Mellow.1 Our article described the technique for harvesting with a sharp needle and/or placing the grafts into the tissue with a needle. Additional experience has taught me that harvesting fat grafts with smaller-bore needles yields finer grafts that can be used in the intradermal area and can serve the same purpose as collagen injections. In my …
Nature of Heinz bodies.

A GREAT number of haemolytic agents have been found to produce, besides methaemoglobinaemia, certain highly refractive inclusion bodies, the so-called ‘Heinz bodies’, in the erythrocytes1. The connexion between methaemoglobin and Heinz bodies, however, is not clear. Most agents producing Heinz bodies belong to the group of aromatic amines and include such important drugs as sulphonamides and thiosemicarbazones2,3. The reports on the formation and chemical nature of Heinz bodies are contradictory4. There are reports indicating that these bodies consist of iron-containing compounds5–7. Recently it has been stated that8 Heinz bodies are identical with denatured globin, isolated by Warburg et al.9 from blood in phenylhydrazine poisoning. This conclusion has since been attributed erroneously4 to Warburg et al.
A Devonian Spinneret: Early Evidence of Spiders and Silk Use

A nearly complete spider spinneret was found in Middle Devonian rocks (about 385 to 380 million years old) near Gilboa, New York. This is the earliest evidence yet discovered for silk production from opisthosomal spigots, and therefore for spiders. Two previously known Devonian fossils described as spiders lack any apomorphies of the order Araneae and are probably not spiders. The spigots of the Devonian spinneret resemble those of members of the living suborder Mesothelae, but the number of spigots and their distribution are like those of members of the suborder Opisthothelae, infraorder Mygalomorphae. The Devonian spider belonged to a clade that may be the sister group of all other spiders, of Mesothelae, or of Opisthothelae.
Role of propiolaldehyde and other metabolites in the pargyline inhibition of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase

Abstract The metabolism of pargyline proceeds by way of three separate cytochrome P-450 catalyzed N-dealkylation reactions: N-depropargylation, N-demethylation and N-debenzylation. Propiolaldehyde, a product of N-depropargylation, is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehy drogenase (A1DH). The formation of pargyline-derived propiolaldehyde by isolated rat liver microsomes in vitro was confirmed using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. The measured rates of propiolaldehyde formation for uninduced and phenobarbital-induced microsomes in vitro were 0.2 ± 0.03 and 0.9 ± 0.2 μ;mole/30 min/ g wet weight liver respectively. However, these rates may have been artificially low due to competition between semicarbazide, the trapping agent, and microsomal proteins for the generated propiolaldehyde. CO significantly inhibited the microsome-catalyzed N-depropargylation reaction in vitro, whereas CoCl2 pretreatment of rats partially blocked the pargyline-induced rise in blood acetaldehyde after ethanol. Inhibition of the low Km liver mitochondrial A1DH by propiolaldehyde in vitro exhibited firstorder kinetics, which is consistent with irreversible inhibition. Acetaldehyde did not attenuate the inhibition of A1DH by propiolaldehyde in vitro or by pargyline in vivo. Propargyl alcohol, a substance which is metabolized to propiolaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, also inhibited A1DH in vivo and caused a quantitatively similar rise in blood acetaldehyde after ethanol as pargyline. Other putative metabolites of pargyline, namely benzylamine and propargy lamine, inhibited A1DH in vivo, albeit to a lesser degree than pargyline, but neither of these amines inhibited A1DH directly. Monoamine oxidase was implicated in the conversion of benzylamine to an active inhibitory species, possibly an imine. From these studies, we conclude that propiolaldehyde was the primary metabolite responsible for the pargyline inhibition of A1DH in vivo; however, certain amine metabolites may have contributed to a lesser degree by conversion to yet unknown inhibitory forms.
Wedge resection for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with pulmonary insufficiency: prospective ten-year survival.

Background Possibility of curative resection by lobectomy for non–small cell lung cancer is often denied patients with compromised pulmonary reserve. Analysis of survival of such patients treated by wedge resection was compared with that of patients treated by standard resection, with both groups followed for 10 years. Design A prospective 5-year cohort study. Methods From 1988 to 1992, an observational cohort of 127 consecutive resected patients at Memphis VA Medical Center was divided into those receiving lobectomy in 81 cases and pneumonectomy in 15 cases (group I) versus 31 patients with compromised pulmonary reserve (group II), who had complete tumor excision by wedge resection. Preoperative clinical staging was corrected to surgical–pathological staging after demonstration of its superiority. Survival estimates were obtained by Kaplan–Meier method with curves compared by log rank tests, with all-cause mortality calculated from date of surgery. Results Extent of disease in group I was 58% stage I, 19% stage II, and 23% stage III. In group II, extent of disease was 84% stage I, 3% stage II, and 14% stage III. Group I median survival was 26 months with 30% 5-year survival; for group II, median survival was 30 months and 32%. Kaplan–Meier survival plots showed similar curves in groups I and II. Realizing less extent of disease in group II, another Kaplan–Meier plot restricted to stage I and II patients showed overlapping survival curves for groups I and II. Conclusion Survival during 10-year observation was similar for patients with pulmonary insufficiency treated by wedge resection to that of patients receiving standard resection in this single-institution consecutive cohort.
ECA's seventy‐fifth anniversary volume: A special review

In this special book review, Communication Quarterly's Book Review Editor, Gerald M. Phillips, assesses the volume commissioned by the Eastern Communication Association to commemorate ECA's seventy‐fifth anniversary. Designed to reflect the diversity of the discipline of communication, part one is composed of twelve chapters and surveys contemporary research and theory in rhetoric, the social sciences, oral interpretation, freedom of speech and civil liberties, media and speech education. Part two, composed of five chapters, provides an overview of the organizational and conceptual issues guiding the way in which this profession organizes its knowledge. Professor Phillips concludes that, “It is a book we can be proud of, because it is well done by first‐rate scholars.”
Assessment of chosen parameters of the immune system in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The immunosuppressive effect of cytostatics, basic therapeutic agents in the treatment of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system, and the rising number of children cured from acute leukaemias form together a need to monitor the status of the immune system following cessation of therapy. Surface antigens in lymphocytes from peripheral blood were assessed in 16 children directly after intensive chemotherapy (i.e., after protocol II of the BMF program) and in 25 children 12-13 months following conclusion of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. The results were compared to data obtained from children never afflicted with neoplastic disease. A significant decrease in the average number of lymphocyte subpopulations was noted in the case of the treated children directly after intensive chemotherapy. The average values of lymphocyte subpopulations in children with concluded treatment are within the norm, with the exception of NK and TS lymphocytes.
The Effects of Local Economic Development Efforts An Empirical Assessment of Expenditures on Income Growth in North Carolina Counties

This research examines the effects of local expenditures on income growth in North Carolina counties. Pooled data from all 100 counties in the state for the years 1981-1990 are analyzed, and empirical tests are conducted to ascertain the relationship between the expenditures and the effect on the dependent variable under a number of time lags The most important finding is that county paved-highway mileage per capita has a significant positive effect on income growth under a number of model specifications. In addition, there is a consistently positive relationship between county per student spending for primary and secondary education and income growth that obtains statistical significance under some model specifications. The findings also indicate that change in county income growth is heavily affected by state income growth.
Ring strain energy of tetraphosphacubane. An ab initio study.

Abstract The structure of tetraphosphacubane was optimized at the HF/6-31G* level. The small ring strain energy of tetraphosphacubane (62.84 kcal mol −1 is understood in terms of geometric parameters and charge distribution.
UMF: Uniform Magnetic Force; a technique used to Slow Multiple Kinesin Motors in vitro

Can molecular motors pulling on the same load interact with each other to move faster than any one motor could? While the force generated by a single kinesin motor on a cargo in vitro has been studied extensively, the force generated by multiple kinesin motors in vitro has not been characterized as well. Using a novel Uniform Magnetic Force (UMF) apparatus, we are able to apply constant, computer controlled, uniform force over a large sample area, as opposed to a force dependent on distance from the magnetic pole. The UMF can be turned on and off rapidly, and acts upon a superparamagnetic bead bound to a microtubule through a biotin-streptavidin linkage, causing a force on the microtubule. Using Invitrogen M270 beads this force can be as high as 9pN. We employ our apparatus to investigate the velocities of microtubules being pulled by kinesin motors against a magnetic force. With a force on the order of the stall force for one kinesin we are able to see changes in the velocity of a microtubule-bead complex being pulled by kinesin motor proteins. The relative amount of velocity change is not constant for each microtubule-bead complex. This may show a dependence of velocity decrease due to the number of motors moving the microtubule.
Influence of pulse plating parameters on the synthesis and preferred orientation of nanocrystalline zinc from zinc sulfate electrolytes

Abstract The influence of pulse electrodeposition parameters (current on-time Ton, current off-time Toff, and pulse current density Jp) was investigated on the surface morphology and grain size of zinc electrodeposited from a sulfate bath containing polyacrylamide and thiourea additives. The grain size and surface morphology of zinc deposits were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the preferred orientation of the deposits was studied by X-ray diffraction. At constant current off-time and pulse current density, the grain size decreased asymptotically with increasing current on-time. In contrast, increase in the current off-time at constant current on-time and pulse current density resulted in grain growth. A progressive decrease of the grain size was observed with increasing pulse current density at constant current on-time and off-time. Nanocrystalline zinc with an average grain size of 38 nm was obtained at a pulse current density of 1200 mA/cm2. The crystallographic orientations developed were correlated with the change in the cathodic overpotential, the angle between the preferred oriented plane and the lowest energy of formation plane (0 0 0 2), and the pulse electrodeposition parameters.
The influence of an invasive tree species (Myrica faya) on the abundance of an alien insect (Sophonia rufofascia) in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park

Abstract Following its accidental introduction into Hawai'i in 1987, Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh and Kuoh (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) has become a concern due to the wide range of plant damage that can result from its feeding and ovipositing. Sophonia rufofascia abundance was monitored on the invasive non-native Myrica faya Aiton tree, the dominant native Hawaiian tree Metrosideros polymorpha Gaudich-Beaupre, and on two common native shrubs in paired areas within Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. These areas included Special Ecological Areas (SEAs) — where Myrica faya had been mechanically removed, and in immediately adjacent control areas — where Myrica faya was still present. Sophonia rufofascia abundance was five times greater on Myrica faya than on co-occurring Metrosideros polymorpha in control areas. In addition, the abundance of S. rufofascia on native plants was between two and 19 times greater in areas where Myrica faya was present, than in those areas where the tree had been mechanically removed. These results indicate that Myrica faya promotes a localized increase in S. rufofascia abundance.
Polycrystalline and amorphous silicon micromechanical beams: annealing and mechanical properties

Abstract The effects of a specific annealing procedure on the maximum freestanding lenghts of cantilever and doubly supporter micromechanical beams fabricated from polycrystalline and amorphous silicon are investigated. In addition, its effect on the built-in deflection of cantilevers is observed . By annealing wafers at 1100°C for 20 minutes in nitrogen prior to beam formation, the maximum free-standing length increases from 50 to 150% for cantilever beams and from 50 to 170% for doubly supported beams, compared with unannealed wafers. The built-in deflection of cantilever beams found on unannealed wafers is eleminated by this annealing procedure, except for the thinnest polycrystalline-silicon cantilevers (230 nm thick). In order to investigate how annealing affects these static mechanical properties, two different oxide supporting-layer compositions are used in beam fabrication. Also, grain structures in the polycrystalline- and amorphous-silicon films are observed with a scanning electron microscope. It appears that the annealing procedure induces recrystallization which allows intrinsic stress in the silicon films to relax.
Does Class Matter? Social Cleavages in South Korea's Electoral Politics in the Era of Neoliberalism

This paper analyzes class voting in South Korea under neoliberalism. The class voting literature has paid too little attention to cases outside Europe and North America, while the existing studies on South Korea's elections and voting patterns have largely ignored the issue of class. The lack of interest in class voting is due mainly to strong regionalism prevalent in South Korea's electoral politics. However, the rapid and profound neoliberalization after the 1997 financial crisis has generated negative socioeconomic consequences, which may have increased the importance of a class-based bloc as a salient electoral factor. Using Goldthorpe's class schema, I test the validity of class voting in South Korea, employing microlevel survey data of the two recent parliamentary elections of 2000 and 2004. I pay particular attention to entrenched conservatism that is historically rooted in South Korea's electoral and representative systems. I formulate this vital issue in terms of a possible connection between peo...
Unraveling the complexities of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway for pharmacological intervention.

Abstract The Ras–MAP kinase pathway has attracted much attention from academic and pharmaceutical laboratories because of its central role in regulating tumor cell growth and survival, differentiation and angiogenesis. Although the central players in this pathway –Ras, Raf, and MEK – have been well studied, how best to exploit them for therapeutic gain has eluded oncology researchers in the past. Several small-molecule inhibitors that target specific steps of the MAP kinase cascade have recently entered the clinical arena. While we await answers on their ultimate therapeutic use, the availability of translational assays for monitoring target suppression will no doubt play a significant role in optimizing our chances of success.
Electrochemical Preferential Oxidation of CO in Reformate

An electrochemical preferential oxidation (ECPrOx) process, an alternative to the conventional preferential oxidation (PrOx), is developed to cleanse CO from a hydrogen-rich gas mixture using a device similar in structureto the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In this process, the selective CO electro-oxidation is achieved at the anode by rendering the process electrochemical and by utilizing autonomous anode potential oscillations when operated at a constant low current density. The oscillation period and amplitude of the ECPrOx device adjust automatically to the CO levels in the feed stream so that a self-controlled autonomous potential pulsing is achieved with a low level of CO in the cleansed reformate. Some supplemental electrical power is produced from the ECPrOx device while CO is removed from the reformate gas, without any H 2 or CO being wasted. The ECPrOx device can be operated at near room temperature, high anode pressure, atmospheric air pressure, and without external humidification. However, the operating conditions or the structure of ECPrOx are not optimized in this paper, but rather the feasibility of the concept is evaluated with a single cell unit.
Decomposition of product graphs into complete bipartite subgraphs

Abstract Let τ(G) be the minimum number of complete bipartite subgraphs needed to partition the edges of G. Let G n be the weak product of cliques, Kn1x…xKn1. This graph has vertices { x :0⩽x i i }, with edges between those vectors that differ in each coordinate. Theorem: τ(G n ) = ∑Π |S| even iϵS (n i −1)
Crystal and molecular structure of di(perchlorato)(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)copper (II). Cu(cyclam) (ClO4)2

The title compound, Cu(C10H24N4)(ClO4)2, crystallizes in the triclinic system with unit cell dimensionsa= 8.744,b= 8.022,c= 8.677 A, α = 118.7, β = 56.9, γ = 113.5 °,Z= 1, space group P¯1. The structure was solved by Fourier methods and refined by least-squares techniques using the 1545 nonzero three-dimensional counter-diffraction intensity data (CuKα) to give a conventionalR factor of 0.056. The coordination sphere of the copper ion is defined by a planar arrangement of the four nitrogen donors in the macrocyclic ligand with oxygen atoms from the perchlorate groups lying above and below this plane. The resulting tetragonally distorted octahedron of donor atoms gives interatomic distances Cu−N = 2.02(4) A and 2.02(3) A, and Cu−N = 2.57(4) A.
Optimal design of laminated plates and shells

Abstract Designing structures made out of composite materials represents a challenging task, since not only the thickness of the element must be determined to satisfy the constraints of the problem, but, in addition, the number of plies in the laminate and their relative orientation must also be selected. Because of their strong anisotropy, a careful selection of lay-up is required to make the best use of the capabilities of the material. In this article the optimum design of laminated plates and shells subjected to constraints on strength, stiffness, buckling loads, and fundamental natural frequencies are examined.