cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preface To: Perceptions of Non-Accounting Business Majors About the Managerial Accounting Course

This study examines the perception of non-accounting business major students about the managerial accounting course. The knowledge of these perceptions will help determine whether educators need to be concerned about inspiring certain groups of students to be more aggressive in learning the material. We found that all non-accounting majors, regardless of their major field of study think the managerial accounting course is interesting and has real-world application. The finance and management major students think that the course is related to their field of study and it should be made a required course, but not the MIS and marketing major students. The higher the academic skills and the more the work experience, the greater is the student's perception that managerial accounting should be a required course and has real-world application. Based on the results, we suggest that development of teaching materials aimed at reinforcing the importance of managerial accounting topics to all business majors, particularly MIS and marketing majors may overcome some barriers to learning the subject. This research also has implications for Pacific Basin business schools as our findings indicate that Pacific Basin business schools that do not require non-accounting majors to take managerial accounting course should make it a required course for all undergraduate non-accounting majors.
Syringo-subarachnoid shunt: how I do it

Syringo-subarachnoid shunt (SSS) is a valid method for the treatment of syringomyelia persisting after foramen magnum decompression (FMD) for Chiari I malformation. We give a brief overview on indication and outcome of SSS, followed by a detailed description of the surgical anatomy, and of the microsurgical technique. In particular, we highlight some key points for complication avoidance. SSS is a valid option to treat syringomyelia, since in experienced hands, the outcome is good in most patients, including those with holocord syringomyelia. Careful understanding of anatomy and spinal cord physiology is required to minimize complications.
Rediscovery of the holotype of the extinct cephalopod Baculites ovatus Say, 1820 after nearly two centuries

Thomas Say (1787–1834) based his description of the ammonite species Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus) on a single specimen in the collection of his childhood friend, the Quaker naturalist Reuben Haines III (1786–1831). However, the specimen's whereabouts faded from memory after Haines and Say both died unexpectedly in the early 1830s. The holotype specimen has been missing for more than 180 years, and was thought to be lost or destroyed until 2017, when I relocated it at Haines's ancestral home (Wyck) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his collection was preserved by his descendants in its original wooden cabinet. Herein, I present the first photographic images, an illustration of its suture line, and quantitative measurements for use by systematic paleontologists.
The Emerging Alliance of Religion and Ecology

The role of the world's religions may be crucial in rethinking the relationship of humans to the natural world in a mutually enhancing manner. I first acknowledge, although briefly, the scale and complexity of the environmental crisis. Next, I suggest the need for seeking common grounds to work toward a resolution of the crisis. Then I highlight the call for the co-operation and action of the world's religions from particular sectors such as environmental groups, the United Nations, political leaders, scientists, and ethicists. Finally, I document some of the responses and the resources of the world's religions in evoking new attitudes toward nature.
Emotional contagion or sensitivity to behavior in ravens

I commend Adriaense et al. (1) for studying emotional contagion by cleverly using the judgment bias paradigm to assess emotional states in ravens who have experienced a manipulation vicariously. This construct is controversial, especially with regard to its relationship to empathy (2). Sensitivity to the behaviors of others does not indicate acknowledgment of or concern for the emotions of others. The authors are careful to frame as observers being “attentive to the demonstrators’ behavioral expressions” rather than to their emotions, but this should leave the reader wondering what exactly is being assessed. Ravens may recognize cues that something pleasant or aversive is about to … [↵][1]1Email: vonk{at}oakland.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The Cost Variability of Orthobiologics.

Background:Mixed results exist regarding the benefit of orthobiologic injections. The purpose of this study was to assess the variability in costs for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cell (SC) ...
Sex and age differences in prevalence and risk factors for prediabetes in Mexican-Americans

Abstract Aims Over 1/3 of Americans have prediabetes, while 9.4% have type 2 diabetes. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes in Mexican Americans, with known 28.2% prevalence of type 2 diabetes, by age and sex and to identify critical socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with prediabetes. Methods Data were collected between 2004 and 2017 from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort in Texas. Weighted crude and sex- and age- stratified prevalences were calculated. Survey weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for prediabetes. Results The prevalence of prediabetes (32%) was slightly higher than the alarmingly high rate of type 2 diabetes (28.2%). Hispanic men had the highest overall (37.8%) and highest age stratified prevalence of prediabetes. Males had higher odds of prediabetes than females 1.56 (1.19, 2.06), controlling for the effect of family history of diabetes, age, BMI, and high-density lipoprotein. Family history of diabetes was a strong independent risk factor for prediabetes in all men, and in men and women in the age group 40–64 years. Elevated triglycerides (p = 0.003) was an independent risk factor for men and women in the age group 18–39 years. Conclusions Despite the very high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes prevalence among Mexican Americans is only marginally less than national prediabetes rates. This suggests that progression to type 2 diabetes is more rapid and occurs earlier than nationally. Earlier screening and interventions for prediabetes, especially for men, are necessary to slow the transition to diabetes.
Baroclinic waves in the northern hemisphere of Mars as observed by the MRO Mars Climate Sounder and the MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer

Abstract The climatology of baroclinic waves in the northern hemisphere of Mars is investigated through analysis of observations by the infrared sounders on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). We focus on the lowest scale height above the surface, where the waves have a large impact on the Martian dust cycle. Profiles retrieved by the MRO Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) rarely reach the lower atmosphere at the season and location of interest. To fill this gap, we turn to observations in the MCS B1 channel (32 μm) when the instrument is viewing the surface. The signature of baroclinic waves appears in these data because of dust-related emission from the lower atmosphere and wave-induced variations of surface temperature. We supplement the MCS data with measurements of temperature at the 610-Pa pressure level from the MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). Both data sets provide systematic coverage in latitude and longitude at two local times. Characteristics of baroclinic waves are derived through analysis of observations with a combined duration of about 8 Mars years. Basic results include least-squares solutions for wave amplitude and period at zonal wavenumber 1–3; the resolution is 4∘ in latitude and 14 solar days in time of observation. There is a strong similarity between the baroclinic waves observed by MCS and TES, which confirms the sensitivity of the MCS B1 channel to wave activity at pressures near 610 Pa. In all 8 Mars years, the baroclinic waves exhibit periodic transitions among modes with different zonal wavenumbers and a distinctive solstitial pause. Although the weather in each Mars year is unique in some respects, a composite of results from all years reveals a well-defined wave climatology. At each zonal wavenumber, large amplitudes are restricted to a pair of seasonal windows positioned symmetrically about the winter solstice. The wave-2 mode is strongest in early autumn and near the vernal equinox, whereas wave 3 is the dominant mode in mid-autumn and mid-winter, immediately before and after the solstitial pause. The interaction between baroclinic waves and dust storms is investigated through comparisons with spacecraft measurements of dust opacity. A strong wave-3 mode is often present during the initial growth phase of large, seasonal dust storms, which reflects the importance of wave-generated frontal dust storms in triggering these events. The wave-3 amplitude then decreases rapidly as the dust storm evolves; this occurs routinely in all Mars years considered here in connection with both mid-autumn “A” storms and mid-winter “C” storms. In some years A-storm suppression of the wave-3 mode marks the beginning of the solstitial pause. These results provide a basis for testing and development of Mars General Circulation Models as well as context for interpreting contemporaneous observations, such as spacecraft images of frontal and flushing dust storms.
Mnemotope of Zion and Theopolitical Chronotopes in Ottoman Macedonia

Mnemotope of Zion and Theopolitical Chronotopes in Ottoman Macedonia The discussion in the text, through the intersection of the disciplines of literature and history, oral poetry and ethical sermons from the period of the Enlightenment process in Ottoman Macedonia, aims to affirm the comparative relation between two questions. The first one is: How does one reach Zion (understood as a mnemotope) in the absence of a political identity of the Sephardim of Monastir (Bitola) within the framework of the Ottoman millet system? The second question is: How is the theo-messianic desire for Zion (understood as a vertical history) possible and accomplishable in the linearity of history, in the context of existing political chronotopes, or so-called Christian-Orthodox nationalisms in Ottoman Macedonia? In this complex historical period, the image of Zion does not have a real political place, but it still remains to emanate significant meaning about the homeland as a spiritual space. Mnemotyp Syjonu i teopolityczne chronotopy w osmanskiej Macedonii Zaprezentowana w niniejszej pracy dyskusja ma na celu potwierdzenie związkow pokrewienstwa miedzy dwoma pytaniami: jak dotrzec do Syjonu (rozumianego jako mnemotyp) przy braku politycznej tozsamości Sefardyjczykow z Monastyru/ Bitoli, w ramach systemu osmanskiego milletu? Drugie pytanie postawione w tekście brzmi: w jaki sposob teomesjanistyczne pragnienie Syjonu (rozumiane jako historia wertykalna) jest mozliwe i osiągalne w historii linearnej, w kontekście istniejących politycznych chronotypow lub tak zwanych chrześcijansko-prawoslawnych nacjonalizmow w Macedonii osmanskiej? W artykule posluguje sie analizą komparatystyczną w kluczu interdyscyplinarnym, ktory stwarza podstawy do polączenia literatury i historii, poezji ustnej i etycznych kazan z okresu oświecenia w Macedonii osmanskiej.
Using high-abundance proteins as guides for fast and effective peptide/protein identification from human gut metaproteomic data.

A few recent large efforts significantly expanded the collection of human-associated bacterial genomes, which now contains thousands of entities including reference complete/draft genomes and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). These genomes provide useful resource for studying the functionality of the human-associated microbiome and their relationship with human health and diseases. One application of these genomes is to provide a universal reference for database search in metaproteomic studies, when matched metagenomic/metatranscriptomic data are unavailable. However, a greater collection of reference genomes may not necessarily result in better peptide/protein identification because the increase of search space often leads to fewer spectrum-peptide matches, not to mention the drastic increase of computation time. Here, we present a new approach that uses two steps to optimize the use of the reference genomes and MAGs as the universal reference for human gut metaproteomic MS/MS data analysis. The first step is to use only the high-abundance proteins (HAPs) (i.e., ribosomal proteins and elongation factors) for metaproteomic MS/MS database search and, based on the identification results, to derive the taxonomic composition of the underlying microbial community. The second step is to expand the search database by including all proteins from identified abundant species. We call our approach HAPiID (HAPs guided metaproteomics IDentification). We tested our approach using human gut metaproteomic datasets from a previous study and compared it to the state-of-the-art reference database search method MetaPro-IQ for metaproteomic identification in studying human gut microbiota. Our results show that our two-steps method not only performed significantly faster but also was able to identify more peptides. We further demonstrated the application of HAPiID to revealing protein profiles of individual human-associated bacterial species, one or a few species at a time, using metaproteomic data. The HAP guided profiling approach presents a novel effective way for constructing target database for metaproteomic data analysis. The HAPiID pipeline built upon this approach provides a universal tool for analyzing human gut-associated metaproteomic data.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 as a predictor for hospital admission, need for ICU admission and 30-day mortality

Rationale: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of outcomes has been studied in different disease states such as sepsis, ARDS and pancreatitis. In COVID-19 patients, NLR has been shown to be an independent risk factor associated with disease severity with a few studies suggesting an association between NLR and outcomes. Using data from a large multi-hospital healthcare system over a 6-month period, we sought to independently evaluate the NLR's ability to predict need for hospitalization, ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, 30-day mortality, and its association with hypoxemia. Methods: We collected demographic, historic and clinical data from patients with a naso-and/or oropharyngeal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR visiting the ED for COVID-19-related complaints between March-September 2020. Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was calculated using 1 liter per minute (lpm) supplemental O2 to 3% FiO2 conversion and capped at 15 lpm O2. We examined the association of NLR with hypoxemia, need for hospitalization, ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation within 7 days of ED visit and 30-day mortality after adjustment for history of hypertension, diabetes, severity of hypoxemia and age. Results: From 510 patients analyzed, 357 had a complete blood count (CBC) drawn (median age 57, 51% female). Median NLR was 2.09 with IQR of 3.69-5.88. NLR negatively correlated with degree of hypoxemia as quantified by SpO2-FiO2 (SF) ratio (Rho =-0.33, p < 0.001). Patients requiring hospital admission had higher NLR compared to those who did not (median 2.59 IQR [4.45-7.6] vs 1.57 [2.75-4.36], p < 0.001). In patients admitted to the hospital, NLR was higher in those requiring ICU admission compared to those who did not [2.99 [6.21-10.8] vs 2.37 [4.05-6.05], p < 0.01]. In those with NLR above the median there was a trend towards higher need for intubation within 7 days, although this did not achieve statistical significance (OR 2.28, 95% CI 0.94-5.53, p = 0.07). 30-day mortality was higher in those with NLR above the median compared to those below the median (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.29-6.28, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In patients presenting to the ED with COVID-19, an increased NLR is associated with need for hospitalization, ICU admission and worse 30-day mortality while being inversely correlated with degree of hypoxemia. The cost-effectiveness and wide-spread availability of CBC testing makes NLR an easily implementable prognostication tool in COVID-19 patients.
Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems. IX. Summary of the most toxic: trichlorofluormethane (FC 11).

The acute inhalational toxicity of trichlorofluoromethane (FC 11) is summarized in this paper. There is a striking similarity in threshold concentrations between the mouse and the rat on one hand and the dog and the monkey on the other. The mouse and rat require lower levels of concentration, i.e. (1 to 2.5%) to influence the respiratory system but higher levels (2.5 to 5.0%) to affect the circulatory system. The respiratory systems of the monkey and the dog have about the same sensitivity as those of the other two species in that the threshold level of FC 11 is 2.5 to 5%. The circulatory systems of the monkey and the dog can be influenced by a concentration of 0.5%.
Learning Through STEM-Rich Tinkering: Findings From a Jointly Negotiated Research Project Taken Up in Practice

The Maker Movement has taken the educational field by storm due to its perceived potential as a driver of creativity, excitement, and innovation (Honey & Kanter, 2013; Martinez & Stager, 2013). Making is promoted as advancing entrepreneurship, developing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce, and supporting compelling inquiry-based learning experiences for young people. In this paper, we focus on making as an educative inquiry-based practice, and specifically tinkering as a branch of making that emphasizes creative, improvisational problem solving. STEM-rich tinkering activities are designed to support interdisciplinary investigations and creativity using a STEM-rich palette of tools, concepts, and phenomena. To date, the majority of research on making has focused on analysis of makerspaces, maker communities, and design and implementation of maker activities. In this paper, we describe a study that documented dimensions of learning in tinkering programs designed for museum visitors. The study, which was jointly negotiated among a team of researchers and practitioners, led to the development of a Tinkering Learning Dimensions Framework and a publicly available video library of tinkering exemplars, both of which are being actively used by tinkering practitioners in their direct service to the public and professional development work for the field. C
From Single-Phase to Compositional Flow: Applicability of Mixed Finite Elements

In this paper we discuss the formulation of the governing equations that describe flow of fluids in porous media. Various types of fluid flow, ranging from single-phase flow to compositional flow, are considered. It is shown that all the differential equations governing these types of flow can be effectively rewritten in a fractional flow formulation; i.e., in terms of a global pressure and saturation (or saturations), and that mixed finite element methods can be accurately exploited to solve the pressure equation. Numerical results are presented to see the performance of the mixed methods for the flow equations in three space dimensions.
Electromagnetic properties of hemoproteins. II. The effect of physical states on electron paramagnetic resonance parameters of hemoproteins.

Abstract Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance absorption spectra of randomly oriented preparations of cytochrome c peroxidase, ferrimyoglobin, ferrimyoglobin-azide, and ferrimyoglobin-fluoride are measured in various physical states. In general, the line width of resonance absorptions increases in relation to the physical state of preparation in the following order: concentrated solutions l wet polycrystalline suspensions l lyophilized preparations l dried polycrystalline preparations. The broadening of resonance absorptions caused by dehydration can be reversed by rehydration and dissolution of the dried preparation. When cytochrome c peroxidase and ferrimyoglobin-azide are dehydrated, their spin types are reversibly fixed in the state at dehydration and become temperature-independent until these compounds are rehydrated. The intensity of the high spin resonance absorption of ferrimyoglobin decreases by a factor of 10 to 20 on dehydration. The initial intensity can be restored by rehydration and dissolution of the dehydrated ferrimyoglobin. Resonance spectra of dehydrated ferrimyoglobin exhibit hitherto unreported absorptions in the high field region. These absorptions may represent a compound or compounds which may be responsible for the low spin characteristics of lyophilized ferrimyoglobin detected by Mossbauer absorption spectroscopy.
Visual loss in Alzheimer's disease: Out of sight, out of mind

In this issue of Neurology, Giannakopoulos et al.1 useneuropsychologic testing to characterize visual losses in AD. They find that associative visual agnosias— failures to recognize something by seeing it—reflect the density of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), but not senile plaques (SPs), in visual association cortex. Their neuropsychologic tests may have also uncovered a continuum from the sensory processes of perception to the interpretive processes of cognition, from seeing to knowing.2 Thus, their work has implications about the pathophysiology of AD and about the brain mechanisms of mental life. Giannakopoulos et al.1 use the classic framework of Lissauer,3 who first asserted that there are two types of visual agnosias: 1) apperceptive visual agnosias, which affect the perception of elementary properties, such as color and motion, to support the recognition of an object’s shape or of the spatial arrangement of objects; and 2) associative visual agnosias, which affect the integration of such characteristics for the recognition of specific categories of images such as faces and words. The boundaries of the visual agnosias have always been obscured by the fact that a failure to recognize something by seeing it might actually reflect a failure to see it. Thus, the loss of color vision in cerebral achromatopsia or the loss of movement perception in cerebral akinetopsia might create apperceptive agnosia when the shape of an object is indicated by its color or movement. Likewise, memory …
Experimental Bucklings and Void Effects in Heavy Water Lattices of Natural Uranium Oxide Rod Clusters

The material bucklings of twenty-five D/sub 2/O moderated lattices of natural UO/sub 2/ rod clusters were measured in the Process Development Pile (PDP). The measurements were made in one-region loadings, and should therefore be subject to little systematic error. A number of the lattices employed voided housing tubes around the fuel assemblies. Values of migration areas inferred from measurements of positive periods are also presented. An evaluation of the errors in the buckling measurements indicated that the bucklings should be accurate to about 1%. The migration areas are compared with theoretical values obtained from the Benoist theory, and the agreement is shown to be good. (auth)
Common ground: Addressing attrition across diverse institutions in higher education

Student attrition is an ongoing concern in American higher education, where institutions are being increasingly held accountable for the success of the students they admit. While differences across diverse institutions exist, research suggests that there are many similarities regarding issues related to student persistence and success. In fact, this common ground presents an opportunity for common solutions. The variety of higher education institutions utilizing knowledge gained through institutional initiatives continues to identify new, better ways of serving students. This article sheds light on the known differences between institution types while recognizing the common goals of improving student persistence. The article further supports the need for additional research in this area to fully understand how the higher education community can best prepare and support students of all types, from all institutions, to reach their educational goals.
Mechanism of tau transfer: insights from cell culture and animal models

Objective Tau inclusions composed of tau fibrils are one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Studies from transgenic animal models and human AD pathological cases suggest that tau inclusions spread from the transentorhinal cortex to mono and transynaptically connected regions of the hippocampus and neocortical regions. This study examines cell-to-cell propagation of pathological tau in cell culture and in vivo animal models.
Molecular Intercalation and Cohesion of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices

The phase separated bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer in BHJ polymer:fullerene organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) are mechanically weak with low values of cohesion. Improved cohesion is important for OPV device thermomechanical reliability. BHJ devices are investigated and how fullerene intercalation within the active layer affects cohesive properties in the BHJ is shown. The intercalation of fullerenes between the side chains of the polymers poly(3,3″′-didocecyl quaterthiophene) (PQT-12) and poly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (pBTTT) is shown to enhance BHJ layer cohesion. Cohesion values range from ≈1 to 5 J m−2, depending on the polymer:fullerene blend, processing conditions, and composition. Devices with non-intercalated BHJ layers are found to have significantly reduced values of cohesion. The resulting device power conversion efficiencies (PCE) are also investigated and correlated with the device cohesion.
The Relation Between Nonessential Touch and Children's Distress During Lumbar Punctures

This study represents a first step in assessing the effectiveness of touch that is unrelated to the execution of the medical procedure (nonessential touch) as a means of reducing children's distress during an invasive cancer procedure. The relation between children's overt distress behaviors and adult use of soothing or neutral nonessential touch during lumbar punctures was assessed in 50 children diagnosed with cancer, their parents, and the nursing staff. Contrary to expectation, results indicate that the nonessential touch of parents was unrelated to children's distress behaviors. However, nurses' provision of soothing and/or neutral nonessential touch was consistently related to lower child distress. A stronger inverse relationship between nurse soothing/neutral nonessential touch and child distress was found for children evidencing high anticipatory distress and young children. Overall, results suggest that nurses' soothing/neutral nonessential touch may be effective in reducing children's distress d...
INTERACTION OF PYRIDOXAL AND PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE WITH PEPTIDES IN A MODEL FOOD SYSTEM DURING THERMAL PROCESSING

A soluble model system was utilized to study the interactions of pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) with proteins during the thermal processing of foods. Heat stable peptides, rather than intact proteins, were used in the model system to maintain solubility and permit subsequent evaluation of the peptide binding of the B6 vitamers. Ultraviolet and visible difference spectra and fluorescence emission spectra confirmed the binding of PL and PLP to the peptides during processing. Total peptide-bound PLP (as the sum of Schiff base, pyridoxylamino, and substituted aldamine derivatives) comprised about 21% of the model system PLP. Approximately 60% of the peptide-bound PLP was bound via nonreducible linkages, suggesting the possible formation of biologically unavailable pyridoxylamino complexes. The acid stability of the PLP complexes, tested to simulate gastric conditions, indicated that most of the nonreducible bound PLP was in the form of pyridoxylamino complexes. Therefore, approximately 10% of the model system PLP was rendered biologically unavailable during these process conditions. The presence of ascorbic acid and/or glucose in the model systems had no significant effect on the extent or manner of peptide-binding of the B6 vitamers; however, glucose-induced browning appeared to slightly inhibit pyridoxylamino complex formation. The results of this study indicate that losses of vitamin B6 bio-availability during thermal processing may be lower than previously reported.
Optimization of queues using an infinitesimal perturbation analysis-based stochastic algorithm with general update times

Convergence (with probability one) of a stochastic optimization algorithm for a single server queue is proved. The parameter to be optimized is updated using an infinitesimal perturbation analysis estimate of the gradient of the performance measure, and the updates are performed at general times. First, an algorithm in which the parameter is updated before each customer begins service is considered. Then it is shown how this analysis can be extended to an algorithm that updates at certain stopping times. The analysis suggests that the sample path behavior of the algorithm is similar to that of an algorithm that updates at the start of every busy period.
Diagnosing Multiple Slow Gates for Performance Tuning in the Face of Extreme Process Variations

End-of-road map CMOS (<=10nm) technology is expected to display extreme random variability in device parameters, resulting in a very large spread in the speed of individual gates. Based on reasonable statistical estimates, virtually every large circuit in this environment can be expected to contain several extremely slow statistical outlier gates which will severely limit performance in synchronous designs. To address this challenge, gate level tuning techniques have recently been proposed [2] that can potentially speed up the slow gates to recover much of this lost performance. However, such tuning significantly increases power dissipation, and therefore must only be activated in the relative few performance limiting outlier gates. Consequently, application of such tuning techniques requires that the slow outlier gates be correctly diagnosed for proper tuning. This presents the challenging problem of diagnosing multiple delay faults in the circuit. In this paper we show how the performance tuning capability of the circuit can itself be exploited, in combination with scan delay tests, to address this problem. Our approach involves selectively tuning and speeding up subsets of suspect gates, and then uniquely identifying the slow outlier gates based on whether the tuning eliminates the slow path or not. We show that such an approach can correctly diagnose multiple slow gates in large circuits for successful performance tuning.
DNA Binding and Transcriptional Enhancement by Purified TCDD·Ah Receptor Complex

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional enhancer which mediates the biochemical and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally related chemicals and which may have a role in the normal development of some tissues. We have previously reported the purification of the transformed TCDD.receptor complex from rat liver cytosol based on binding to its dioxin-responsive enhancer sequence (DRE) and that it comprises the AhR ligand-binding monomer and its dimerization partner, ARNT. The present studies were designed to compare the DRE-binding characteristics of the purified receptor with the cruder preparations that are commonly used and ultimately to determine whether the purified receptor complex itself (in the absence of additional cytosolic or nuclear factors) is capable of enhancing transcription in an in vitro system. The purified AhR retained in vitro DRE binding activity in the presence of carrier protein and dithiothreitol, and its affinity for the DRE oligonucleotide was equivalent to that of the other receptor preparations (crude and partially purified cytosolic and crude nuclear). When the ligand.receptor complex was bound to a DRE oligonucleotide containing BrdU and then UV-irradiated, two proteins in each of the receptor preparations were found to crosslink to BrdU-DRE, and we concluded that they are the AhR monomer and ARNT protein. All receptor preparations also gave a similar footprint of interaction with G-residues within the DRE consensus sequence, as assessed by methylation interference. Furthermore, purified and partially purified receptors were able to stimulate transcription from a DRE-containing template in a cell-free system in the presence of HeLa cell nuclear extract. Transcriptional enhancement was receptor dose-dependent, TCDD-dependent, and specific for the DRE sequence upstream of the promotor in our template construct. These data document for the first time that a purified TCDD.Ah receptor complex retains both specific DNA binding and transcriptional activities. This observation constitutes an important step toward understanding the mechanism of gene regulation by TCDD since it implies that the transformed receptor.ligand complex itself is competent as a transcriptional enhancer without a requirement for other factors.
Comparison of the temporal response in perfusion and BOLD-based event- related functional MRI

Event-related functional MRI (ER-fMRI) based on both blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast and perfusion contrast has been recently developed to study human brain activation due to brief stimulation. In this report, both BOLD- and perfusion-based ER-fMRI were directly compared using repeated single-trial, short visual stimulation (1 sec) in six human volunteers. The results show that the cerebral blood flow change reached a maximum approximately 1 sec earlier than the BOLD signal change (4.2 ± 0.2 sec vs. 5.1 ± 0.2 sec after the stimulation, P < 0.05). The full width at half maximum of the hemodynamic response measured by perfusion was not significantly different from that measured with BOLD (5.1 ± 0.6 sec vs. 5.9 ± 0.6 sec). A positive linear correlation was found between the maximum perfusion and maximum BOLD signal changes (r = 0.77, P = 0.07). Magn Reson Med 43:768–772, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Properties of a cell-culture line derived from lymphosarcoma P1798.

Abstract A cell culture line has been derived from lymphosarcoma P1798. Cultures of this line grow exponentially with a doubling time of about 20–24 h. Cells will not divide in the presence of 10−8 M dexamethasone. Half-maximal inhibition of proliferation occurs at about 10−9 M. Half maximal inhibition of [3H] thymidine incorporation occurs at somewhat higher concentrations of dexamethasone. When cells are cultured in the presence of 2 × 10−7 M dexamethasone they remain 88% viable after 5 days. No decrease in cell number occurs. These cells can be rescued by in vivo passage, and they responded in culture to dexamethasone in exactly the same fashion as do untreated cells. Both dexamethasone rescued and untreated cultured cells contain about 104 dexamethasone receptor sites which bind with a dissociation constant of 4 × 10−9 M. Cultured cells retain the ability to proliferate both subcutaneously and in ascites. The properties of such tumors resemble those of the parental tumor cell line.
Annals of a Crusade: Wright Patman and the Federal Reserve System

. As a Congressman from Texas from 1929 to 1976, Wright Patman supported Populist-type legislation which aided farmers, small businessmen and consumers. His perennial target in the postwar era was the Federal Reserve System. He resented the central bank's political independence and believed that “high”interest rates brought about by monetary policy actions benefited banks and harmed ordinary citizens. Rather than attacking the Fed's control of monetary policy directly, Patman tried to improve Fed accountability to Congress by subjecting the Fed's budgetary process and expenditures to government audit and/or the Congressional appropriations process. Despite numerous investigations, reports, and pieces of legislation, Patman's crusade failed to achieve its objectives. Nevertheless, his persistent criticism over 25 years undoubtedly created an atmosphere for change. Eschewing the indirect approach, Patman's political heirs in Congress demanded and received more accountability (and less secrecy) from the Fed regarding monetary policy objectives. Ironically Patman's abortive crusade may have paved the way for their later success.
Excimer laser induced damage in fused silica

Abstract Excimer laser irradiation is shown to cause permanent changes in the optical properties of UV grade fused silica. These changes include UV absorption, stress birefringence, and an increase in the index of refraction. The quantitative dependence of these changes on exposure conditions is presented, and their impact on the design and operating conditions of excimer lithographic tools is indicated.
The attention-related somatosensory evoked potential late positive wave in psychiatric patients.

Abstract Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) late waves (P400) associated with selective attention were elicited by having subjects count electrical stimuli to one of four randomly stimulated fingers. P400 amplitude was lower in a diagnostically heterogeneous group of 20 psychiatric patients than in 16 nonpatients. Among patients, a general psychopathology factor derived from the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory was significantly correlated with a factor accounting for most of the P400 amplitude variance. In psychiatric patients, attention-related late activity amplitude is apparently reduced from normal in evoked potentials of all modalities; degree of reduction appears quantitatively related to level of psychopathology.
A Terrain-Following Coordinate with Smoothed Coordinate Surfaces

An alternative form for a height-based terrain-following coordinate is presented here that progressively smoothes the coordinate surfaces with height to remove smaller scale (steeper) terrain structure from the surfaces. Testing this approach in comparison with traditional and hybrid terrain-following formulations in resting-atmosphere simulations demonstrates that it can significantly reduce artificial circulations caused by inaccuracies in the horizontal pressure gradient term. The simulations also suggest that some further improvementintheaccuracyofthehorizontalpressuregradienttermscanbeachievedusingasimplifiedversion of Mahrer’s approach, which can be implemented with little increase in computational cost or complexity.
Greenland—Antarctic phase relations and millennial time-scale climate fluctuations in the Greenland ice-cores

Abstract The Greenland (GRIP/GISP2) and Antarctic (Byrd) ice-cores are examined in the frequency domain, with the data synchronized using common methane variations. Using conventional time-series analysis, a simple picture emerges: there is low-frequency (periods longer than about 10 kyr ) coherence between the two records, consistent with a simple time delay, Antarctica leading by 1– 2 kyr . Two geographical data points are however, inadequate to infer causality from the south to north time lag. At higher frequencies, in the millennial band, there is no measurable average relationship between the records and they appear to represent different processes, with a regional character. A serious question concerns the extent to which the Greenland cores reflect tracer concentration change without corresponding abrupt climate change. The large, abrupt shifts in ice δ 18 O can be rationalized as owing to wind trajectory shifts, perhaps of rather modest size. Many different physical phenomena probably do, however, contribute to the record as a function of time, and time scale.
β2 integrins are required for neutrophil degranulation inducedby hemodialysis membranes

β 2 integrins are required for neutrophil degranulation induced by hemodialysis membranes. An untoward consequence of hemodialysis is degranulation of peripheral blood neutrophils. The mechanisms that mediate this process, however, have not been conclusively identified. In the present study, the participation of complement activation and β2 integrins (CD11/CD18) in hemodialysis-induced neutrophil degranulation was investigated. Incubation of neutrophils with cuprophan membrane stimulated the release of very small amounts of the cytoplasmic granular protein, elastase. This release was markedly enhanced by the addition of plasma. Inactivation of complement reduced degranulation by ∼60%, but the contribution of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a to the degranulation process was modest. Treatment of plasma with EDTA completely abolished neutrophil degranulation in the presence of cuprophan membrane. Further, when incubated with plasma and cuprophan membrane, neutrophils that are deficient in β2 integrins released only 10% as much elastase as normal cells. Together, these observations strongly suggest that one or more members of the β2 integrin family of receptors is essential for cuprophan membrane-induced neutrophil degranulation and that both complement-related and noncomplement-related factors serve as receptor ligands.
Agreement of Possessive Adjectives

Author's summary.— Criticism of the common statement that possessive adjectives agree, not with the possessor, but with the thing possessed, on the ground that it is inaccurate and sometimes misleading.
Ultrastructure of transganglionic degeneration in brain stem trigeminal nuclei during normal primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption in the cat

Electron microscopy is used to study changes in the axons and terminals in the cat brain stem trigeminal nuclei, main sensory, and partes interpolaris and caudalis, during the process of natural tooth shedding. Areas previously showing light optical argyrophilic degeneration products and adjacent areas lacking this degeneration are included. Various types of alteration occur early during tooth loss, including increased presumed glycogen, increased cytoplasmic density, flocculence, lucency, and neurofilamentous hyperplasia. By the stage of maximum exfoliation, terminals and axons of marked density become prominent in areas showing argyrophilia, whereas nondense forms occur elsewhere. By late eruption ages, all forms of degenerated terminals and axons are rare, but phagocytes are heavily laden with similar forms of debris. The sequence of ultrastructural events is discussed in light of recent studies of transganglionic degeneration, their correlation with light microscopic findings, and the potential implications for central plasticity in this system.
Phaeohyphomycotic Cyst Caused by Wangiella Dennatitidis/Phaeohyphomykotische Zyste durch Wangiella dermatitidis

Summary: Phaeohyphomycotic cyst developed on the little finger of the right hand of a 74-year-old man following a burn. The diagnosis was made by histopathologic examination of the excised cyst and by isolation of the causal agent in pure culture. The excised cyst walls contained large numbers of dematiaceous, fungal elements in the form of hyphae, yeast-like cells, toruloid hyphae, chains of catenulate cells, and some cells dividing internally by a transverse septum. The colonies of the isolate on Sabouraud dextrose agar were black to olivaceous black, smooth, shiny, and yeast-like. Three-week-old colonies developed dematiaceous mycelium and conidiophores that were macronematous, branched or unbranched, septate, and smooth-walled. The conidiogenous cells were monophialidic or, rarely, polyphialidic with very reduced collarettes that produced I-celled conidia at their tips. When tested by the exoantigen procedure, the isolate gave positive serologic reactions to Wangiella dermatitidis. Based on these cultural and immunological characteristics, the isolate was identified as W. dermatitidis. Zusammenfassung: Eine phaeohyphomykotische Zyste entwickelte sich am kleinen Finger der rechten Hand bei einem 74jahrigen Mann im Anschlus an eine Verbrennung. Die Diagnose wurde durch die histologische Untersuchung und durch die Isolierung des Erregers in Reinkultur bewiesen. Im Zystenwall fanden sich zahlreiche pigmentierte Pilzelemente als Hyphen, hefeahnliche Zellen, toruloide Hyphen, kettenartige Zellanordungen sowie mitunter als Zellen, die sich durch Ausbildung eines inneren transversen Septums teilten. Die Kolonien des isolierten Pilzes wuchsen auf Sabouraud-Dextrose-Agar schwarz- bis dunkelolivfarben, glatt, glanzend und hefeahnlich. Drei Wochen alte Kolonien entwickelten pigmentiertes Myzel und verzweigte oder unverzweigte, spetierte und glattwandige Konidiophoren. Die Konidien-bildenden Zellen waren einreihig oder selten mehrreihig und bildeten einzellige Konidien an der Spitze. Eine serologische Testung mit Antiserum gegen Exoantigen gab positive Reaktionen auf Wangiella dermatitidis. Aufgrund der erhobenen Befunde wurde der Erreger als W. dermatitidis identifiziert.
Ratiometric Sensing Using Dual-Frequency Lifetime Discrimination

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Characterization of a commercial magnetorheological brake/damper in oscillatory motion

A Bouc-Wen element has been employed by a number of researchers to model magnetorheological (MR) linear dampers with success. In this work, a modified commercial MR brake was modeled using a Bouc-Wen element and experimental data gathered on the torque response of the brake to oscillation. An optimization was undertaken using torque and displacement time-series data to determine the parameters of the brake model, and comparisons were made between experimental and predicted torque response.
A Survey of Faculty Mentoring Programs in AACSB Schools of Business

The human resources management literature offers considerable evidence that mentoring programs can positively influence a variety of measures of both individual and organizational performance. This...
δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase—A Sensitive Indicator of Lead Exposure in Japanese Quail

Red blood cell delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (RBC-ALAD) activity has proven to be a sensitive indicator of lead exposure in humans. The depressed enzyme activity and its negative correlation to blood lead concentrations are well-known effects of lead exposure in man. The sensitivity of RBC-ALAD activity in young Japanese quail exposed to low levels of lead as lead acetate was investigated. Two groups of nine birds each were fed purified diets containing either no added lead or 25 micrograms of lead per g. of diet. After 2 weeks, blood samples for hematocrit, hemoglobin, and enzyme determinations and renal, hepatic, duodenal, and tibial tissues were collected. There were no significant differences between controls and lead-fed birds in body, kidney, duodenal, and tibial weights, or in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations. However, the renal, hepatic, duodenal, and tibial lead concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in the lead-treated birds. The activity of RBC-ALAD in the group fed lead was 45% of that in the control group; these values were significantly different (P less than 0.001). RBC-ALAD activity expressed as the log. base 10 showed significant (P less than 0.02) negative correlation with both hepatic and tibial lead. The study demonstrates that the activity of RBC-ALAD in the Japanese quail is a very sensitive indicator of lead exposure.