cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ventral striatal network connectivity reflects reward learning and behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease

A subgroup of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with dopaminergic therapy develop compulsive reward-driven behaviors, which can result in life-altering morbidity. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine network guides reward-motivated behavior; however, its role in this treatment-related behavioral phenotype is incompletely understood. Here, mesocorticolimbic network function in PD patients who develop impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICB) in response to dopamine agonists was assessed using BOLD fMRI. The tested hypothesis was that network connectivity between the ventral striatum and the limbic cortex is elevated in patients with ICB and that reward-learning proficiency reflects the extent of mesocorticolimbic network connectivity. To evaluate this hypothesis, 3.0T BOLD-fMRI was applied to measure baseline functional connectivity on and off dopamine agonist therapy in age and sex-matched PD patients with (n = 19) or without (n = 18) ICB. An incentive-based task was administered to a subset of patients (n = 20) to quantify positively or negatively reinforced learning. Whole-brain voxelwise analyses and region-of-interest-based mixed linear effects modeling were performed. Elevated ventral striatal connectivity to the anterior cingulate gyrus (P = 0.013), orbitofrontal cortex (P = 0.034), insula (P = 0.044), putamen (P = 0.014), globus pallidus (P < 0.01), and thalamus (P < 0.01) was observed in patients with ICB. A strong trend for elevated amygdala-to-midbrain connectivity was found in ICB patients on dopamine agonist. Ventral striatum-to-subgenual cingulate connectivity correlated with reward learning (P < 0.01), but not with punishment-avoidance learning. These data indicate that PD-ICB patients have elevated network connectivity in the mesocorticolimbic network. Behaviorally, proficient reward-based learning is related to this enhanced limbic and ventral striatal connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 39:509-521, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing tactical scheduling options for time-based surface metering

This paper presents a parametric analysis of the most recent tactical scheduler design for NASA's Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) sub-project, committed to demonstrating time-based surface metering at Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT). The tactical scheduler design is implemented in a fast-time simulation model of CLT using NASA's Surface Operations Simulator and Scheduler. The tactical scheduler is supported by three basic functions: trajectory prediction, runway scheduling, and advisory generation. A key parameter of the advisory generation function is the taxi time delay buffer used when calculating target gate pushback times from runway schedule. Multiple simulations that varied the amount of taxi time delay buffer were analyzed to determine the effect on tactical scheduler performance. The results show an improvement in tactical scheduler performance when the buffer is made sufficiently large to release departures from their gates early enough to maintain scheduler predicted runway throughput.
LACK OF ASSOCIATION OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIASTOLIC PARAMETERS WITH PATIENT PERCEIVED WELL-BEING

Echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function have been widely studied. The association between patient reported quality of life and the severity of diastolic abnormalities on echocardiogram has not been previously reported. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a validated
Neovascularization: Ocular diseases, animal models and therapies

Neovascular ocular diseases (age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and diabetic retinopathy) are the leading causes of blindness and are characterized by excessive new blood vessels either as choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or retinal neovascularization (RNV) which can be induced by the imbalance of growth factors. Animal models for these diseases provide valuable tools for studying the pathology, physiology, and mechanisms by which genes function and regulate these disease phenotypes. In this paper, we will review some recent studies using animal models and therapeutic treatments of these diseases.
Adaptive modification for time evolving meshes

A mesh adaptation scheme is presented that employs edge collapse to coarsen the mesh and selective point placement combined with an incremental Delaunay algorithm for mesh enrichment. The coarsening and enrichment procedures can be used in isolation to achieve a solution adapted mesh for time varying computations whose boundaries remain fixed. These procedures can also be combined with a mesh movement technique to form an adaptation algorithm that will modify the mesh of a domain whose shape is evolving in time. The adaptation techniques are described and examples are presented to illustrate the method for time dependent problems arising from crack nucleation studies and vortex shedding of incompressible flow over a cylinder.
Long-term follow-up of patients with idiopathic scoliosis not treated surgically

In 1968 we studied 215 middle-aged patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, who were initially seen in our clinic from 1932 to 1948, and who were not surgically treated. Most patients led normally active and productive lives, worked, married, and engaged in activities little different from those of the normal population. Many reported back pain but usually it was of minimum non-limiting nature. Forty-five per cent of the patients had diminished vital capacities although only 2 per cent had more than slight dyspnea on exertion. The curves increased an average of 15 degrees after termination of trunk growth. The highest average increase was seen in thoracic curves measuring from 60 to 80 degrees at maturity. We found a death rate similar to that of the normal population.
Man on the Summit of Mount Everest

physiologists and physicians have long been interested in the physiology of man at extreme altitude because of the problems that this environment poses for adequate tissue oxygenation. Indeed it is arguable that exercise at great altitude is the most demanding respiratory challenge that normal man can encounter. There have been a number of instances where ascents to high altitude have prompted changes in thinking about severe hypoxia. For example, when the Duke of the Abruzzi reached the extraordinary altitude of 7,500 m in the Karakoram Mountains in 1909 (9), Douglas and his colleagues (7) concluded that adequate oxygenation of the blood would be impossible under these conditions without active secretion of oxygen. This notion was reinforced by measurements made during the International Pike's Peak Expedition of 1911 (7) but laid to rest in part by Barcroft and his colleagues (1) during their expedition to Cerro de Pasco in Peru in 1921-1922 and the International High Altitude Expedition to the Chilean Andes in 1935 (6).
Provider Factors in Healthcare Disparities

Several factors related to healthcare providers may be associated with healthcare disparities. Communication is fundamental to the healthcare process. Patient– provider communication is a multidimensional concept relating in part to both providers and patients. This chapter will discuss those aspects of patient–provider communication more closely related to the provider. Chapter 3 will discuss those patient–provider communication issues more closely related to patients.
Mortality from diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease among blacks in a higher income area

Abstract According to the 1980 census, blacks in Suffolk County on Long Island, NY, had a median family income of almost $20,000 versus $12,618 for blacks in the entire United States, or only 20 percent lower than that for whites in the county. Black-white ratios of age-specific death rates for 1979-83 in Suffolk County were elevated for all causes for men and women in age groups from 35-44 to 55-64 years (but not for those 75 years or older), for ischemic heart disease for women (but not men) for age groups from 35-44 to 55-64 years, for diabetes mellitus for most ages (especially for females), and for cerebrovascular disease for both men and women for all age groups from 35-44 to 65-74 years. The age-specific proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for ischemic heart disease within educational level (less than 12 years and 12 or more years of school) were lower for black than for white men but more similar for black and white women. For diabetes, the PMRs were higher for black versus white women within both educational levels. PMRs for cerebrovascular disease were higher for black than white men within the group of decedents with less than 12 years of education. The findings are discussed with reference to racial differences in the prevalence of poverty as well as possible differences in risk factors (for example, obesity) or medical care independent of poverty.
Twisted probabilities, uncertainty, and prices

Abstract A decision maker constructs a convex set of nonnegative martingales to use as likelihood ratios that represent alternatives that are statistically close to a decision maker’s baseline model. The set is twisted to include some specific models of interest. Max–min expected utility over that set gives rise to equilibrium prices of model uncertainty expressed as worst-case distortions to drifts in a representative investor’s baseline model. Three quantitative illustrations start with baseline models having exogenous long-run risks in technology shocks. These put endogenous long-run risks into consumption dynamics that differ in details that depend on how shocks affect returns to capital stocks. We describe sets of alternatives to a baseline model that generate countercyclical prices of uncertainty.
Amorphous Silicon Oxynitrophosphide-Coated Implants Boost Angiogenic Activity of Endothelial Cells.

Lack of osteointegration is a major cause of aseptic loosening and failure of implants used in bone replacement. Implants coated with angiogenic biomaterials can improve osteointegration and potent...
A dataset on human perception of and response to wildfire smoke

Wildfire smoke presents a growing threat in the Western U.S.; and human health, transportation, and economic systems in growing western communities suffer due to increasingly severe and widespread fires. While modelling wildfire activity and associated wildfire smoke distributions have substantially improved, understanding how people perceive and respond to emerging smoke hazards has received little attention. Understanding and incorporating human perceptions of threats from wildfire smoke is critical, as decision-makers need such information to mitigate smoke-related hazards. We surveyed 614 randomly selected people (in-person) across the Boise Metropolitan Area in Idaho and 1,623 Boise State University affiliates (online), collecting information about their level of outside activity during smoke event(s), knowledge about the source of air quality information and effective messaging preference, perception of wildfire smoke as a hazard, and smoke-related health experiences. This relatively large dataset provides a novel perspective of people's perception of smoke hazards, and provides crucial policy-relevant information to decision-makers. Dataset is available to the public and can be used to address a wide range of research questions.
Fiber-based daylighting system using trough collector for uniform illumination

Abstract A lot of research attention has been given to collect sunlight through solar concentrators for indoor illumination. Traditional, parabolic trough as a line focus with single array of fibers had mechanical design and installation issues. Here, a novel daylighting system is proposed to transmit maximum light into the optical fibers using parabolic trough as the primary collector and nonimaging reflector as the secondary reflector. The proposed system increases light levels, improves installations difficulties, and maintains long-term reliability. All modules are designed and verified through raytracing simulation for calculating the efficiency and achieving the required light-levels. The proposed trough-based design inserts maximum light into the fiber bundle, which is placed at the center of the trough. Further, the fiber-coupled bi-layer prismatic optical diffuser provides relatively high uniform illuminance distribution. Simulation results have shown that the light concentration of 285, an optical efficiency of 42%, and an acceptance angle of ±1.1° are achieved that are better than that of previous trough-based daylighting system.
Research for Growth: The Ideational Foundations of Research Policy in Postwar Europe

This chapter traces the roots of a particular conception of the relations between science and the state, strongly driven by economic considerations, and draws attention to the central role that the OECD played in the early 1960s in the proliferation of this very much American idea in Western Europe. It describes how “research policy” was quickly embraced by European governments as a tool to increase economic growth and competitiveness, in part as a response to a perceived “technology gap” between the United States and Europe. The chapter introduces the ideational framework that determined the further debates and decisions on the European Community’s—and later the European Union’—activities in research.
The Implementation of Communication Didactics for OB/GYN Residents on the Disclosure of Adverse Perioperative Events.

OBJECTIVE Communication skills are key components of the patient-physician relationship, yet are not routinely taught during residency. Institutional data demonstrates 75% of residents regularly encounter difficult communication scenarios. This study's objective is to develop and pilot a communications didactic/skills training program for Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) residents focused on the disclosure of adverse perioperative events. DESIGN This was an observational, prospective cohort pilot study. OB/GYN residents completed a 4-hour interactive curriculum using VitalTalk methodology, certified facilitators, and simulated patients in 2019. Participants completed self-assessments of their skill levels at 3 time points: prior to training, immediately post-training, 3-month post-training. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to evaluate change in skill levels. SETTING University-based program in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS Participants included all OB/GYN residents from postgraduate years 1-4. Out of 31 residents, 27 participated in the training, 24 completed the immediately post-training survey, and 23 completed the 3-month post-training survey. RESULTS At baseline, most residents rated their global skill level in communication as novice (37.0%) or advanced beginner (33.3%). Immediately following the intervention, 41.7% of residents ranked their global skill as “competent” and 20.8% as “proficient.” These changes were statistically significant (p CONCLUSION A simulation-based formalized communication curriculum is effective for improving OB/GYN resident competence and skill levels in the disclosure of adverse perioperative events. Specific to adverse surgical complications, this curriculum appears feasible for implementation by other training programs. Further work is needed to identify the most beneficial timing and modality of these workshops.
High Prevalence of Pericardial Involvement in College Student Athletes Recovering From COVID-19.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to explore the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities in student athletes who returned to university campus in July 2020 with uncomplicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Background There is limited information on cardiovascular involvement in young individuals with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Methods Screening echocardiograms were performed in 54 consecutive student athletes (mean age 19 years; 85% male) who had positive results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction nasal swab testing of the upper respiratory tract or immunoglobulin G antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2. Sequential cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 48 (89%) subjects. Results A total of 16 (30%) athletes were asymptomatic, whereas 36 (66%) and 2 (4%) athletes reported mild and moderate COVID-19 related symptoms, respectively. For the 48 athletes completing both imaging studies, abnormal findings were identified in 27 (56.3%) individuals. This included 19 (39.5%) athletes with pericardial late enhancements with associated pericardial effusion. Of the individuals with pericardial enhancements, 6 (12.5%) had reduced global longitudinal strain and/or an increased native T1. One patient showed myocardial enhancement, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction or reduced global longitudinal strain with or without increased native T1 values was also identified in an additional 7 (14.6%) individuals. Native T2 findings were normal in all subjects, and no specific imaging features of myocardial inflammation were identified. Hierarchical clustering of left ventricular regional strain identified 3 unique myopericardial phenotypes that showed significant association with the cardiac magnetic resonance findings (p = 0.03). Conclusions More than 1 in 3 previously healthy college athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection showed imaging features of a resolving pericardial inflammation. Although subtle changes in myocardial structure and function were identified, no athlete showed specific imaging features to suggest an ongoing myocarditis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical implications and long-term evolution of these abnormalities in uncomplicated COVID-19.
Anticipated Need for Future Nursing Home Placement by Sexual Orientation: Early Findings from the Health and Retirement Study

With a growing population of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults, it is critical to better understand the future long-term care needs of this population. This study compares anticipated need for future nursing home placement, as well as health characteristics of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual adults. Using data from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to examine anticipated nursing home placement and health characteristics of LGB (n = 137) and heterosexual (n = 3469) adults. There was a marginally significant difference in anticipated need for nursing home placement. LGB (34%, SD = 29.2) adults reported a higher percent chance of ever having to move to a nursing home compared to heterosexual adults (27%, SD = 27.3; p = 0.055). LGB respondents were less likely to have a living child/children (37% vs 82%, p < .001), but no other demographic differences were found between the samples. Findings from this early research add to the literature on the future care needs of older sexual minorities. Given the differing family structures of LGB adults and other factors, long-term care facilities must ensure their workforce is prepared to support a growing, diverse older adult population.
Biomedical Technology Innovation Education and Its Effect on Graduate Student Careers Over 17 Years

In the 1990s, interest in biomedical technologies blossomed among students across disciplines. In parallel, there was a push in academia to develop courses enabling interdisciplinary problem solving and more holistic, practice-oriented education. In response, Stanford Biodesign created a graduate course in biomedical technology innovation. Seventeen years later, we sought to gauge the impact of this course on student commitment to careers in biomedical technology, whether students took on leadership and innovation roles, and if they found the holistic innovation process we teach to be useful in their careers. We disseminated a web-based survey to collect self-reported data from students completing the course between 2003 and 2019. 186 students responded (24.8%). 62% (n = 115/186) reported a strong commitment to careers in biomedical technology before the course while 84% (n = 156/186) felt that way after. The improvement in mean scores from pre-course (3.8) to post-course (4.3) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Additionally, 78% (n = 145/186) currently work in healthcare, with 72% of those (n = 115/145) in biomedical technology. 82% (n = 146/179) were in innovation roles and 58% (n = 102/177) were in leadership positions. Nearly 94% (n = 161/172) found the course influential and the process to be useful in their careers. The data suggest that the course is perceived as valuable and is effective at creating and/or sustaining student interest in biomedical technology innovation. The results point to multiple improvement opportunities that are important for keeping the course relevant.
Journalists criticize research on COVID-19 by confusing it with tobacco harm reduction and by making false allegations about conflicts

A featured article in the BMJ, authored by journalists from the Investigative Desk, criticize research about COVID-19 and the cholinergic system by confusing it with tobacco harm reduction and non-pharmaceutical nicotine products. Their criticism is not based on an assessment of the studies content but on allegations about conflicts. I present the case that such allegations are false, and I provide documents showing that the journalists have conflicts of interest relevant to their article content that were not disclosed. Additionally, I present evidence on the link between COVID-19 and the cholinergic system, which form the basis for clinical trials to examine the effect of pharmaceutical cholinergic agonists in COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Situational Crime Prevention and the Risks of Displacement

A tour of many of the hot spots along the East-West Corridor of Trinidad and Tobago (TT the many places for hiding and ambush also make the pursuit on foot far too treacherous for officers. Moreover, it is also easy for gangs to run from 1 apartment or house to the next to escape pursuit.
Global representations of the conformal group and eigenspaces of the Yamabe operator on S1 × Sn

representation and that elements in this kernel correspond to solutions of the wave equation. In this article, we study the structure of Im;r and its compact picture I 00 m;r as.gC; e K/-modules, where e
Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is one of the most interesting and theoretically complex personality disorders. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000), SPD is described as a “pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following: (1) neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family; (2) almost always chooses solitary activities; (3) has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person; (4) takes pleasure in few, if any, activities; (5) lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives; (6) appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others; and (7) shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity” (p. 697). Keywords: schizoid; schizotypy; schizophrenia spectrum
PROSHIFT: protein chemical shift prediction using artificial neural networks

The importance of protein chemical shift values for the determination of three-dimensional protein structure has increased in recent years because of the large databases of protein structures with assigned chemical shift data. These databases have allowed the investigation of the quantitative relationship between chemical shift values obtained by liquid state NMR spectroscopy and the three-dimensional structure of proteins. A neural network was trained to predict the 1H, 13C, and 15N of proteins using their three-dimensional structure as well as experimental conditions as input parameters. It achieves root mean square deviations of 0.3 ppm for hydrogen, 1.3 ppm for carbon, and 2.6 ppm for nitrogen chemical shifts. The model reflects important influences of the covalent structure as well as of the conformation not only for backbone atoms (as, e.g., the chemical shift index) but also for side-chain nuclei. For protein models with a RMSD smaller than 5 A a correlation of the RMSD and the r.m.s. deviation between the predicted and the experimental chemical shift is obtained. Thus the method has the potential to not only support the assignment process of proteins but also help with the validation and the refinement of three-dimensional structural proposals. It is freely available for academic users at the PROSHIFT server: www.jens-meiler.de/proshift.html
Non-Io decametric radiation from Jupiter at frequencies above 30 MHz

Jovian Non-Io decametric radio events extending to frequencies of 30 MHz and above have been found in the Meudon-Nancay observations during 1978 and 1979, in the Voyager 1 PRA observations during February and March, 1979 and in the University of Colorado Radio Astronomy Observatory catalogue for 1960 to 1975. These events, which appear to be mostly associated with the Jovian A-source, query the existence of a cut-off, a little below 30 MHz, for the Non-Io emission and suggest the possibility of a single mechanism for both the Io and the Non-Io radiation.
A Power Consumption Benchmark for Reasoners on Mobile Devices

We introduce a new methodology for benchmarking the performance per watt of semantic web reasoners and rule engines on smartphones to provide developers with information critical for deploying semantic web tools on power-constrained devices. We validate our methodology by applying it to three well-known reasoners and rule engines answering queries on two ontologies with expressivities in RDFS and OWL DL. While this validation was conducted on smartphones running Google's Android operating system, our methodology is general and may be applied to different hardware platforms, reasoners, ontologies, and entire applications to determine performance relevant to power consumption. We discuss the implications of our findings for balancing tradeoffs of local computation versus communication costs for semantic technologies on mobile platforms, sensor networks, the Internet of Things, and other power-constrained environments.
Studying arsenite–humic acid complexation using size exclusion chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract Arsenic (As) can form complexes with dissolved organic matter (DOM), which affects the fate of arsenic in waste sites and natural environments. It remains a challenge to analyze DOM-bound As, in particular by using a direct chromatographic separation method. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) hyphenated with UV spectrophotometer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed to characterize the complexation of arsenite (As III ) with DOM. This SEC–UV-ICP-MS method is able to differentiate As III –DOM complexes from free As species and has the advantage of direct determination of both free and DOM-bound As III through mild separation. The suitability of this method for studying As III –DOM complexation was demonstrated by its application, in combination with the Scatchard plot and nonlinear regression of ligand binding model, for characterizing As III complexation with humic acid (HA) in the absence or presence of natural sand. The results suggest that, consistent with polyelectrolytic nature of HA, the As III –HA complexation should be accounted for by multiple classes of binding sites. By loosely classifying the binding sites into strong (S1) and weak (S2) sites, the apparent stability constants ( K s ) of the resulting As–DOM complexes were calculated as log K s 1 = 6.5–7.1 while log K s 2 = 4.7–5.0.
Hoxb13 mutations cause overgrowth of caudal spinal cordand tail vertebrae

Abstract To address the expression and function of Hoxb13, the 5′ most Hox gene in the HoxB cluster, we have generated mice with loss-of-function and β-galactosidase reporter insertion alleles of this gene. Mice homozygous for Hoxb13 loss-of-function mutations show overgrowth in all major structures derived from the tail bud, including the developing secondary neural tube (SNT), the caudal spinal ganglia, and the caudal vertebrae. Using the β-galactosidase reporter allele of Hoxb13, also a loss-of-function allele, we found that the expression patterns of Hoxb13 in the developing spinal cord and caudal mesoderm are closely associated with overgrowth phenotypes in the tails of homozygous mutant animals. These phenotypes can be explained by the observed increased cell proliferation and decreased levels of apoptosis within the tail of homozygous mutant mice. This analysis of Hoxb13 function suggests that this 5′ Hox gene may act as an inhibitor of neuronal cell proliferation, an activator of apoptotic pathways in the SNT, and as a general repressor of growth in the caudal vertebrae.
Release of brain dopamine as the probable mechanism for the hypothermic effect of D-amphetamine.

THE effects of D-amphetamine on the colonic temperature of rats depend on the ambient temperature1. Rats kept in cold environments (4°–15° C, relative humidity 45%) exhibit profound hypothermia for at least 90 min after receiving D-amphetamine (7.5–15 mg/kg, given intraperitoneally). The same doses cause marked hyperthermia among rats kept at room temperature (20° C) or in a warm environment (37° C). The evidence we report here suggests that the D-amphetamine-induced hypothermia is mediated by the release of dopamine from brain neurones.
Picometer accuracy in measuring lattice displacements across planar faults by interferometry in coherent electron diffraction

We calculate the shadow image in far field below a thin crystal when a coherent electron source is placed at micrometer distances above the specimen, and note that the presence of a planar fault results in very strong oscillatory contrast. We realize these predictions experimentally using a field-emission electron source in a microscope. With this technique, we determine displacement vectors at planar faults with an accuracy down to 1 pm in studies of the ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ superconductor containing thin intercalated layers.
A numerical study of the unsteady flow and heat transfer in a transitional confined slot jet impinging on an isothermal surface

Abstract A numerical finite-difference approach was used to compute the steady and unsteady flow and heat transfer due to a confined two-dimensional slot jet impinging on an isothermal plate. The jet Reynolds number was varied from Re=250 to 750 for a Prandtl number of 0.7 and a fixed jet-to-plate spacing of H/W=5. The flow was found to become unsteady at a Reynolds number between 585 and 610. In the steady regime, the stagnation Nusselt number increased monotonically with Reynolds number, and the distribution of heat transfer in the wall jet region was influenced by flow separation caused by re-entrainment of the spent flow back into the jet. At a supercritical Reynolds number of 750 the flow was unsteady and the net effect in the time mean was that the area-averaged heat transfer coefficient was higher compared to what it would have been in the absence of jet unsteady effects. The unsteady jet exhibited a dominant frequency that corresponded to the formation of shear layer vortices at the jet exit. Asymmetry in the formation of the vortex sheets caused deformation or buckling of the jet that induced a low-frequency lateral jet “flapping” instability. The heat transfer responds to both effects and leads to a broadening of the cooled area.
Group G Streptococcal Bacteremia: Clinical Study and Review of the Literature

Patients with group G streptococcal bactermia represented 10.8% of those with beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia and 0.3% of all those with bacteremia between 1970 and 1980 at Mayo Clinic-affiliated hospitals. The most frequent portal of entry was the skin, usually in cases with preexisting edema due to previous surgical removal, irradiation, or tumor infiltration of lymph nodes, or to chronic venous insufficiency. The majority of these patients had underlying hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. Clinical response to therapy with beta-lactam antibiotics was rapid.
Case Study: A Structural Model for Schizophrenia and Family Collaboration

This single case study describes a structural therapy perspective applied to a family and examines interaction patterns within the clinical setting and the home; the therapeutic view examines conte...
Solar cell degradation experiments on the Lincoln laboratory LES-4 and LES-5 satellites

The Lincoln Laboratory satellites LES-4 and LES-5 each carry solar cell experiments consisting of the following. V oc Measurement of 10 Ω . cm silicon cell with 30-mil cover slide. I sc Measurement of 10 Ω . cm silicon cell with 30-mil cover slide. I sc Measurement of 10 Ω . cm silicon cell with 6-mil cover slide. I sc Measurement of two CdTe thin-film cells (LES-4 only). I sc Measurement of two CdS thin-film cells (LES-5 only). LES-4 was orbited in December 1965 in a highly elliptical orbit with an 18 000-mi apogee and a 100-mi perigee; LES-5 was injected into a quasi-synchronous orbit in July 1967. In the LES-5 experiment, the Si cells exhibit an I sc degradation of eight percent per year plus an initial short term degradation of four percent; V oc is relatively unaffected. The CdS cells have an I sc degradation of 20 percent per year plus an initial degradation of five percent. In the LES-4 experiment, the Si cell with the 6-mil cover slide shows two rates of degradation, with the break point occurring at about 100 days; the cell with the 30-mil cover slide shows substantially less degradation. After 700 days, the short-circuit currents of these two cells are 60 percent and 78 percent of their initial AMO values. One CdTe cell has decayed to 38 percent of its initial AMO value after 700 days; the second sample gives anomalous results. In each experiment AM0 to AM1 short-circuit current ratios of approximately 1.09 were noted.
Semiclassical quantization via adiabatic switching. II. Choice of tori and initial conditions for multidimensional systems.

A general theoretical base and a general strategy for implementing semiclassical quantization using the adiabatic-switching method are presented for two-dimensional systems. The method proposed does not depend on specialized coordinates, trajectory, or surfaces-of-section studies and is generalizable to multidimensional systems. The choice of the initial tori for the switching procedure is accomplished by simple diagonalizations of small-dimensional matrix representations of invariant operators obtained from perturbation theory. The method gives quantum energies at a useful level of accuracy for the vast majority of states in many of the well-known nonresonant and resonant Hamiltonian cases. Many eigenvalues previously thought unobtainable when the adiabatic-switching method is used are obtained in a quite simple manner.
An impedimetric approach for accurate particle sizing using a microfluidic Coulter counter

In this paper, we present the design, impedimetric characterization and testing of a microfabricated Coulter counter for particle size measurement that uses a pair of thin film coplanar Au/Ti electrodes. An electrical equivalent circuit model of the designed device is analyzed. Accurate measurement of particle size was achieved by operating the device at a frequency for which the overall impedance is dominated by the channel resistance. A combination of design features, including the use of a pair of sensing electrodes with a surface area of 100 µm by 435 µm, a spacing of 1785 µm between the two sensing electrodes and a 350 µm long microchannel, ensures that this resistance dominates over a range of relatively low frequencies. The device was characterized for NaCl electrolyte solutions with different ionic concentrations ranging from 10−5 to 0.1 M. Results proved that the resistive behavior of the sensor occurs over a range of relatively low frequencies for all tested concentrations. The Coulter counter was then used to detect 30 µm polystyrene particles at a selected excitation frequency. Testing results demonstrated that the device can accurately measure particle sizes with small error. The design can be extended to ac Coulter counters with sub-micron sensing channels. Analysis of three designs of ac Coulter counters including sub-micron sensing channels using the electrical equivalent circuit model predicts that they can be operated at even lower frequencies, to accurately size nanoscale particles.
Validation of CERES/TERRA data

12 There are 2 CERES scanning radiometer instruments aboard the TERRA spacecraft, one for mapping the solar radiation reflected from the Earth and the outgoing longwave radiation and the other for measuring the anisotropy of the radiation. Each CERES instrument has on-board calibration devices, which have demonstrated that from ground to orbit the broadband total and shortwave sensor responses maintained their ties to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 at precisions approaching radiances have been validated in orbit to +/- 0.3 percent (0.3 W m-2sr-1). Top of atmosphere fluxes are produced by use of the CERES data alone. By including data from other instruments, surface radiation fluxes and radiant fluxes within the atmosphere and at its top, shortwave and longwave, for both up and down components, are derived. Validation of these data products requires ground and aircraft measurements of fluxes and of cloud properties.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
2009 Joseph W. St Geme Jr Leadership Award Address: the whole--and the sum of its parts.

I am tremendously honored to receive this award. To receive a leadership award named for Dr St Geme and to be associated with the previous awardees is a privilege and honor that I would say leaves me speechless, but you are not that lucky. Receiving the award in Baltimore is even sweeter, as my wife Ellen and I lived in Baltimore for 21 years, and it remains a special place for us: it is where we met, fell in love, got married, and raised our children. It is also where I received standard advice about preparing for an academic career: find a niche and ensure protected time to establish myself. The more I looked at each subspecialty, however, the more it became clear to me that I have the “curse of the generalist”: instead of wanting to know more and more about less and less, as the quip goes, I wanted to know more and more about more and more. As I looked at individual subspecialties, I saw gaps between them and envisioned a potential niche as a generalist bridging those gaps. During medical school, I had a rotation at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore and experienced the milieu of a community teaching hospital. It was different in many ways from the milieu at Johns Hopkins, and I found the differences fascinating. The differences were described in publications at the time, but I did not know that yet. I only knew that the institutions felt different and separate rather than feeling like integrated parts of an expanded whole. I became attracted to the potential to bridge gaps for the same 3 reasons I was attracted to pediatrics in the first place: intellectual stimulation; satisfaction (from what we accomplish); and fun (from the process—fun with a purpose). Don't minimize the importance of … Address correspondence to Kenneth B. Roberts, MD, Moses Cone Health System, Pediatric Teaching Program, 1200 N Elm St, Greensboro, NC 27401. E-mail: kenneth.roberts{at}mosescone.com
Growth of larger crystals of ZSM-5 in the system 4(TPA)2O-38(NH4)2O-x(Li,Na,K)2 O-A12O3-59SiO2-750H2O

Abstract The synthesis of zeolite TPA-ZSM-5 with (NH 4 ) 2 O/Al 2 O 3 = 38 and different amounts of Li 2 O, Na 2 O or K 2 O was studied. Kinetic crystallization data and the growth of the crystals as a function of time are reported. The results show an increment of the size of the crystals when alkali metal oxide is added to the system. With Li 2 O, unusually uniform, large, lathshaped crystals of ZSM-5 ∼ 140 ± 10 μm in length were obtained. The time of nucleation is long when only (NH 4 ) 2 O is used with TPA and decreases when alkali metal oxide is added to the system.
The value of diagnostic information to patients with chest pain suggestive of coronary artery disease.

Background. The results of diagnostic tests often have a profound impact on the way patients view their health. Decision analyses and clinical guidelines do not routinely consider this, in part because methods are not well developed for measuring the value of testing to patients.Objectives. To measure the value of stress testing to patients with chest pain suggestive of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to improve methods for measuring the value of diagnostic information.Methods. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with chest pain who were referred from 44 primary care practices for treadmill testing (N = 320). Current health status, perceived life expectancy, anxiety, uncertainty, and preferences for current health states were measured before and 1 week after testing and receipt of the results. Patients also reported the diagnosis given by their physicians after testing. The authors used paired t tests to assess changes before and after testing.Results. Perceived life expectancy ...
Shifting Patterns of Suburban Dominance: The Case of Chicago from 2000 to 2010

The main map Shifting Patterns of Suburban Dominance: The Case of Chicago from 2000 to 2010 depicts the dramatic outward shift in population from Chicago's old industrial suburbs to the region's new economy suburbs. In a prior study, a rank mobility index (RMI) was applied to Chicago's suburbs and mapped using a graduated symbol map to show dramatic changes in the suburban hierarchy from 1990 to 2000. This paper updates the earlier study with results from the 2010 census so as to explore changes in Chicago's suburban hierarchy during the 2000–2010 period. We use a Getis-Ord Gi approach to geo-visualize the regional difference and change for these rank shifts. The resulting map reveals a contemporary urban development pattern consistent with those depicted in early twentieth-century models of Chicago's growth.
Molecular genetics and attention in ADHD

Abstract A research program at UC Irvine has investigated the molecular genetic basis of ADHD by focusing on one candidate gene (DRD4) and the highly variable 48 bp VNTR polymorphism in exon 3. Initial studies revealed that the 7R variant is over-represented in ADHD samples, and a subsequent study suggested that the 7R allele is associated with clear excesses in behavior but not with some cognitive deficits thought to be core feature of the disorder. The next phase of this research program showed that (1) the common 7R allele was the product of positive selection, (2) other variation in and around the DRD4 gene is in tight linkage disequilibrium with the 7R allele but not the 4R allele, and (3) more rare 7R variants in the ADHD clinical sample than expected. Based on this program of research, we suggest that the 7R VNTR variant is responsible for the observed association of the DRD4 gene with ADHD, and that a challenge for the future is understanding what other genetic and/or environmental factors influence this association and affect clinical outcome of the disorder.
Complement-mediated regulation of the IL-17A axis is a central genetic determinant of the severity of experimental allergic asthma

Severe asthma is associated with the production of interleukin 17A (IL-17A). The exact role of IL-17A in severe asthma and the factors that drive its production are unknown. Here we demonstrate that IL-17A mediated severe airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in susceptible strains of mice by enhancing IL-13-driven responses. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that IL-17A and AHR were regulated by allergen-driven production of anaphylatoxins, as mouse strains deficient in complement factor 5 (C5) or the complement receptor C5aR mounted robust IL-17A responses, whereas mice deficient in C3aR had fewer IL-17-producing helper T cells (T(H)17 cells) and less AHR after allergen challenge. The opposing effects of C3a and C5a were mediated through their reciprocal regulation of IL-23 production. These data demonstrate a critical role for complement-mediated regulation of the IL-23-T(H)17 axis in severe asthma.
Acute Hyperoxic Lung Injury Does Not Impede Adenoviral-mediated Alveolar Gene Transfer

The transfer of protective genes to the alveolar epithelium can attenuate lung injury if accomplished before its onset. The pathobiology of acute lung injury (ALI) includes formidable hurdles to gene transfer, including alveoli filled with fluid, inflammatory cells, and cytokines, all of which may impair gene transfer after the onset of injury. We tested the hypothesis that adenovectors could efficiently transduce injured alveoli by exposing adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats to 100% oxygen for 48 or 60 h before endotracheal instillation of either 1 × 109 or 4 × 109 plaque-forming units of an adenovirus that expresses an Escherichia coli lac Z gene (ad β -gal) in a surfactant-based vehicle (Survanta). X-gal staining 72 h postinfection revealed transgene expression in all segments of room air control and hyperoxic lungs infected with either dose of ad β -gal. Net transgene expression in hyperoxic lungs was not different from room air controls despite the presence of pulmonary edema and severe histologic injur...
50 years of the Wyoming ram test: How sheep have changed.

Production characteristics of white-faced rams have been systematically evaluated over a 140-d test in Wyoming since 1961. Individual test records ( = 4,240) from rams on test were analyzed to determine change over the past 52 yr. Although rams on test are not older, weight on and off test has increased ( 0.15). Average daily gain correlated ( > 0.67; 0.76) time lag. U.S. sheep inventory was negatively correlated ( > -0.72; < 0.001) with sheep price and ADG, with the greatest correlation at no time lag. Wool price 0, 2, or 5 yr prior did not correlate ( < 0.1; ≥ 0.5) with spinning count. Influences on white-faced ram selection appear to have largely impacted growth traits while avoiding negative impacts on wool quality.
Dynamic laser marking experiments on an organic optical storage medium

Dynamic GaAlAs diode laser marking experiments on an optical data storage medium are reported. The medium comprises thin films of a proprietary organic recording layer that are spin coated onto both glass and plastic disk substrates. These amorphous films with high substrate incident reflectivities (R - 30%) are stable to both air and moisture. Writing experiments were performed in the substrate incident mode. Readable marks were made with 2 to 15mW of laser power at pulse widths down to 50 ns. The marks are pits with well-defined rims. The dependence of laser recording quality on both disk and marking parameters will be discussed.