cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUPPLIER INNOVATIVENESS AND THE ROLE OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING IN ENHANCING MANUFACTURER CAPABILITIES

Manufacturers increasingly rely on innovation from their suppliers to improve the cost, quality, and timeliness of their products. Manufacturing capabilities are enhanced by supplier innovativeness directly, because of the embedded nature of the supplied component, and indirectly, as the manufacturer learns from its suppliers. We use organizational learning theory to develop a conceptual model of learning factors that act as contingencies and magnify the effect of supplier innovativeness. First, we argue that a manufacturer's absorptive capacity, its ability to learn and use external knowledge, positively moderates the impact of supplier innovativeness on the manufacturer's performance. Second, we examine how different combinations of manufacturer–supplier learning styles lead to relatively more or less interorganizational learning, contingent upon whether the outsourcing is design versus manufacturing oriented. Our model can help managers consider knowledge transfer as part of their supplier selection criteria.
A fast multi‐level decomposition algorithm for n‐dimensional discrete Gabor transforms

SUMMARY Recently, joint spatial and spatial-frequency representations have been used in signal processing of non-stationary signals due to their natural local property and high joint resolution in both the spatial and spatial-frequency domain. However, a major obstacle to their implementation is their large computation requirements. This paper presents a fast n-dimensional Gabor transform and signal reconstruction algorithm employing multi-level parallel decomposition and fast Fourier transform techniques. The algorithm structure lends itself to implementation using VLSI/ASIC technology. Examples of two-dimensional Gabor transform and reconstruction performed on a AT computer demonstrate the substantial computational saving that can be achieved using the fast Gabor transform.
Clinical practice patterns of marriage and family therapists: A national survey of therapists and their clients

This report presents the first national data on the mental health services provided by marriage and family therapists. A sample of 526 therapists from 15 states gave descriptive information on their training, level of experience, and professional practices, along with detailed information on recently completed cases. In addition, 429 of these therapits' clients reported on their satisfaction with treatment and their change in function. The findings indicated that marriage and family therapists treat a wide range of serious mental health and relational problems, that they do so in relatively short-term fashion, that they use individual, couple, and family treatment modalities, that couple and family therapy are briefer than individual therapy, and that client satisfaction and functional improvement are quite high.
Dietary psyllium reverses hypercholesterolemic effect of trans fatty acids in rats

Abstract The objective of the study was to examine the effect of dietary psyllium fiber and trans fatty acid (TFA) on serum cholesterol. Fifty-five male, weaning, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups for a four-week feeding period. Each group was fed modified standard rodent diet with one of four treatments: corn and olive oil mix (OIL), corn and olive oil mixture plus psyllium (OILP), corn-oil margarine (MAR), and corn-oil margarine plus psyllium fiber (MARP). Experimental lipids and fiber composed 15% and 5% of the diet by weight. Among the fatty acids in the margarine 16% were TFA while the mixture of oils was free of TFA. At the end of the feeding period, animal blood was collected for serum lipid measurements. Total cholesterol level of MAR fed rats was significantly higher than that of OIL fed rats, while HDL cholesterol levels were the opposite. The addition of psyllium significantly reduced total cholesterol of MAR fed rats but such effect was not observed in OIL fed animals. Fiber also significantly raised the level of HDL cholesterol of MAR fed animals. When the total fecal lipids were measured, it was found that dietary psyllium significantly reduced the fat absorption especially of those MARP fed animals. These findings not only confirmed the hypercholesterolemic effect of TFA, but also indicated that psyllium fiber has the ability to improve the serum lipid profile of those consuming a TFA rich diet. The hypothesized effect is that fiber interferes with the usage of TFA found in margarine. TFA may be bound by natural dietary fiber and then lost in the feces. Funded by University of Delaware Research Foundation .
Fine structure of the autotransplanted pituitary in the red eft, Notophthalmus viridescens.

Abstract Normal and autotransplanted red eft pituitaries were studied by electron microscopy. In the pars distalis of normal and autotransplanted glands four secretory cell types were observed. In the transplant, two of these showed indications of hypersecretory activity. In the pars intermedia one secretory cell type was found and this also appeared hypersecretory after transplantation. Polymorphonucleocytes and an epitheloid type of cell were found to invade the transplants. The observation of hypersecretory activity in transplants presumably freed from hypothalamic control may shed light on hormonal changes in the normal life cycle. Furthermore, secretory granule release from the pars distalis occurs by the same mechanism as seen in mammalian pancreas and pituitary, that is by granule fusion to the cell surface.
Twitter games: how successful spammers pick targets

Online social networks, such as Twitter, have soared in popularity and in turn have become attractive targets of spam. In fact, spammers have evolved their strategies to stay ahead of Twitter's anti-spam measures in this short period of time. In this paper, we investigate the strategies Twitter spammers employ to reach relevant target audiences. Due to their targeted approaches to send spam, we see evidence of a large number of the spam accounts forming relationships with other Twitter users, thereby becoming deeply embedded in the social network.We analyze nearly 20 million tweets from about 7 million Twitter accounts over a period of five days. We identify a set of 14,230 spam accounts that manage to live longer than the other 73% of other spam accounts in our data set. We characterize their behavior, types of tweets they use, and how they target their audience. We find that though spam campaigns changed little from a recent work by Thomas et al., spammer strategies evolved much in the same short time span, causing us to sometimes find contradictory spammer behavior from what was noted in Thomas et al.'s work. Specifically, we identify four major strategies used by 2/3rd of the spammers in our data. The most popular of these was one where spammers targeted their own followers. The availability of various kinds of services that help garner followers only increases the popularity of this strategy. The evolution in spammer strategies we observed in our work suggests that studies like ours should be undertaken frequently to keep up with spammer evolution.
Adult orbital trapdoor fracture

Trapdoor fractures occur almost exclusively in the pediatric population. The authors describe an adult with an entrapped inferior rectus muscle sheath in a trapdoor fracture. A 37-year-old man presented with persistent diplopia 3 weeks after blunt right orbital trauma. The only abnormal findings on clinical examination were limited vertical ductions. No bony defect or displacement was evident on CT. However, several small pockets of air were visible adjacent to the inferior rectus muscle. On surgical exploration, a linear nondisplaced orbital floor fracture was confirmed, and the entrapped inferior rectus muscle was released. One month postoperatively, extraocular motility had improved with no diplopia in primary or reading positions. This case demonstrates that trapdoor fractures can occur in adults and should be considered when suggestive findings are encountered. Clinicians should be aware of this because timely diagnosis and treatment might achieve more favorable outcomes.
Auxiliary Electrode Space Cells

Abstract The auxiliary electrode concept in sealed cell design has been developed to protect the cell against destructive pressure rise during charging. This protection is obtained by using the auxiliary electrode to signal the onset of oxygen gas evolution in cells charged at high rates, or by using the electrode to promote gas recombination in the cell at low charging rates. By assuring operation with maximum cell pressures below one atmosphere, the auxiliary electrode permits battery system designs that use a minimum of container or encapsulating material weight; the saving in weight gives a marked increase in the ratio of useful energy to weight for the battery. An increase from 5–7 watt-hrs/lb to over 20 watt-hrs/lb has been found for small silver cadmium space batteries when auxiliary electrodes were used for promotion of gas recombination. The use of auxiliary electrodes with appropriate control circuits makes possible the safe charging of sealed nickel-cadmium cells in one-half hour or less. This makes possible weight savings in earth satellite energy storage systems since 1) the charging efficiency increases to almost 100% at the higher charging rates, and 2) the cells can be discharged deeper during dark periods since they can be properly recharged during the light period even if the time is short.
Inclusion of poset homology into Lie algebra homology

Abstract Given a poset P on the set {1,2,…, n }, we define the nilpotent Lie algebra L P to be the span of all elementary matrices z i , j , such that i is less than j in P . We show that for a particular class of partially ordered sets the homology of poset is included in the homology of the corresponding Lie algebra. A necessary condition is that the poset P has both the minimum 0 and the maximum 1.
Influence of protein intake on the catabolism of ammonia and glycine in vivo.

Summary Mortality, blood ammonia and blood urea concentrations were measured in rats injected with ammonium acetate or various amino acids after they had become adapted to a high protein intake in an effort to determine whether an effect of this treatment on amino acid catabolism in vivo could be detected. Rats in the fasting state were equally susceptible to injections of ammonium acetate and showed comparable rises in blood ammonia concentration whether or not they had become adapted to a high protein intake. However, rats in the fed state and rats preinjected with arginine were less susceptible to ammonia toxicity and showed less elevation of blood ammonia concentration if they had been previously fed a high-protein diet. Rats in the fasting state were more susceptible to the toxic effects of injected amino acids and showed a greater rise in blood ammonia concentration if they had been previously fed a high-protein diet. The elevation in blood ammonia concentration following glycine injection became progressively greater as the rats became adapted to a high-protein intake. The trend was the same as that observed for several enzymes of amino acid catabolism that respond to increasing protein intake. The results have been interpreted as supporting the concept that elevations in enzyme activity measured in vitro in tissues from rats fed a highprotein diet represent adaptive responses that are of physiological significance in vivo.
Reliability estimation and sensitivity testing

Abstract Reliability requirements are sometimes expressed as that at a particular stress level, say x o , the failure probability of a device should not exceed p o . Considered here are the collection and statistical analysis of data by which one can assess whether the requirement is met. Testing at selected stress levels additional to x o is studied and both destructive and non-destructive testing are considered.
Drop size distribution and energy load of rain storms at Ibadan, western Nigeria

Abstract Rainfall erosivity factors were measured during 1980 and 1981 at Ibadan, Nigeria for two rainy seasons, Season 1 from late March to late July and Season 2 from late August to early November. Rainfall characteristics monitored included drop size distribution, kinetic energy, and momentum using a DISTROMET. Additional factors/characteristics monitored were rainfall amount and intensity using a daily recording rain gauge, and sand splash using an Ellison Cup technique. Rainstorms received in March, June and September had a relatively bigger median drop size ( D 50 ) ranging from 2.75 to 3.00 mm. Similarly rains in May and September had high kinetic energy of 2000–2500 J/m 2 , and high momentum of 300–450 kg/m/s. Kinetic energy of rainstorms was related to D 50 ( r =0.63), 5 min maximum intensity ( r =0.79), 30 min maximum intensity, I 30 ( r =0.83), and rainfall amount ( r =0.98). Therefore, rainfall erosivity may be estimated using data of rainfall amount from the daily recording rain gauge. Regression equations proposed for computing kinetic energy (J/m 2 ) from rainfall amount ( A in mm) differ among seasons, and need to be validated for different ecoregions of west Africa. The proposed equation is KE=25.80 A +54.58 for Season 1 and KE=29.86 A −43.18 for Season 2.
Persona and Voice in the Kinks' Songs of the Late 1960s

During the later 1960s, the Kinks wrote many songs confronting the dominant reception trope of reading the rock star as iconic ‘youth’ who ‘authentically’ presented his or her life on stage. The present article approaches this issue through Edward T. Cone's and other work on voice and persona in music. Several specific Kinks songs from the period are analysed, focusing on the divergence between vocal ‘protagonists’ and other personae or voices appearing in the music, which make it difficult to map the protagonists onto the writer/performer directly. The methods explored have broader implications for analysing rock songs as musical-cultural artefacts.
Differential effects of the degree of renal damage on p-aminohippuric acid and inulin clearances in rats

Kidney disease is generally thought to affect all segments of a nephron equally. Bricker and co-workers first proposed this as the Intact Nephron hypothesis in 1971, and evidence to date has usually supported this hypothesis. However, most supporting studies have involved severe renal failure, which may not be suitable to differentiate effects on functional sites or to test the hypothesis. The work included here examines the effects of limited renal failure on two separate functions of the nephron: glomerular filtration, as measured by inulin clearance and proximal tubular organic anion secretory function, as measured by p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearance. Renal failure was induced in rats by intravenous administration of uranyl nitrate, a nephrotoxin. Doses used were 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg rat body weight. Five days later, rats were given an intravenous infusion of PAH and inulin. Renal clearance of each compound was calculated. Results obtained in these experiments show that, at the lowest uranyl nitrate dose, PAH clearance was significantly decreased but inulin clearance was not. The ratio of CLPAH/CLIN was decreased from 2.55 in control rats to 1.21 in rats given the low dose of nephrotoxin. At higher uranyl nitrate doses, both clearance rates were significantly decreased and the ratio of CLPAH/CLIN remained close to 1.0. These results indicate that the active transport functions of the nephron can be differentiated from passive transport functions. Caution should be exercised in extrapolating renal disease changes in active renal secretion to changes in passive renal elimination and the reverse.
Effects of exercise on Cruciate ligament laxity in male and female basketball players

The relationship between exercise and knee ligament laxity has been explored to some degree in recent research. However, previous studies have focused on athletes participating in a variety of sporting activities with great variance in exercise bouts. This study evaluated anterior cruciate ligament laxity, using the KT‐1000 knee ligament arthrometer, in 50 male and female basketball players before and immediately after a controlled muscular fatiguing isokinetic exercise protocol. Significant pre‐ and postexercise differences (p < 0.05) in ligament laxity were seen in the combined group of males and females only at 25° ± 5° of knee flexion with 15 to 20 pounds of anterior displacement (left leg) and 20 pounds of posterior displacement (right leg). In the male athletes, significant pre‐ and postdifferences were found at 25° ± 5° of knee flexion with 15 and 20 pounds of anterior displacement (left leg). No significant before to after differences were observed among female athletes.
‘Soldiers may Fall but Athletes Never!’: Sport as an Antidote to Nervous Diseases and National Decline in America, 1865–1905

During the second half of the nineteenth century concerns about hysteria and other nervous diseases in males became extensive in some countries. One presumed cause of such afflictions were military conflicts such as the Franco-Prussian War of 1871. The Anglo-Saxon, at least according to many British and American commentators, had more sand, pluck, and courage than did men of other nations. In the United States, concerns about ‘Soldier's Heart’, a condition brought forth by the Civil War (1861–1865), were soon replaced by ‘neurasthenia’, a term used by American physician George Miller Beard in 1869. In an 1872 article entitled ‘Are Americans Less Healthy Than Europeans’, author C. S. Young hoped that the types of ‘games of competition’ that were infused with the values of Muscular Christianity’ would become part of ‘every educational establishment in the land’ so that the youth of America would acquire not only muscular vigor but ‘the manly virtues of truth, honor, and fair play’. Some attention would be g...
Accuracy curves: An alternative graphical representation of probability data

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves have been frequently used to compare probability models applied to medical problems. Though the curves are a measure of the discriminatory power of a model, they do not reflect the model's accuracy. A supplementary accuracy curve is derived which will be coincident with the ROC curve if the model is reliable, will be above the ROC curve if the model's probabilities are too high or below if they are too low. A clinical example of this new graphical presentation is given.
The capital of the nation of defeat: ruminations on writing a history of the South in a northern city in wartime

An exploration of the southernness of the twentieth-century South, the northernness of the twenty-first-century South, and the southernness ofthe twenty-first-century North.
Cyclic immune thrombocytopenia responsive to thrombopoietic growth factor therapy.

We report a patient with cyclic thrombocytopenia and antiplatelet antibodies, a variant of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), with a several year history of periodic fluctuation of the platelet count, megakaryocytic hyperplasia and high-titer anti-GPIb-specific antiplatelet antibodies. The patient was resistant to multiple forms of therapy but has responded to the thrombopoietic growth factor, pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF). This case suggests that some patients with classic ITP may respond to thrombopoietic growth factors.
Photoactivation of pseudomonad L-tryptophan oxygenase by electron ejection from its substrate, L-tryptophan.

Abstract Chemically oxidized, catalytically inactive, pseudomonad l -tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.1.12) can be photoactivated aerobically as well as anaerobically by light of wavelength less than 360 nm. The substrate, l -tryptophan, must be present for photoactivation to proceed. In these studies, a CCl 4 filter was used to block light of wavelength less than 265 nm, preventing photolysis of water and the concomitant production of H 2 O 2 (known reductant of tryptophan oxygenase). Photoactivation is not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or formate and is only slightly inhibited by catalase. Nonsubstrate analogues of l -tryptophan, 5-fluorotryptophan (binds to the catalytic site), and α-methyltryptophan (binds to the allosteric site), separately or in concert, do not mediate photoactivation, while another substrate, 6-fluorotryptophan, can. Saturation of the allosteric site with α-methyltryptophan increases the extent of photoactivation in the presence of a nonsaturating level of l -tryptophan, indicating that photoactivation is dependent on the extent of saturation of the catalytic site by l -tryptophan. During the time course of photoactivation, catalytic activity increases faster than does the formation of ferroheme enzyme, indicating that the fully reduced enzyme, (ferroheme) 2 (Cu + ) 2 , is formed from the fully oxidized enzyme, (ferriheme) 2 (Cu 2+ ) 2 , subsequent to photoactivation. A significant amount of the half-reduced, catalytically active enzyme, (ferriheme) 2 (Cu + ) 2 , exists during the time course of photoactivation. We propose that the mechanism by which electrons enter tryptophan oxygenase is via “electron ejection” [T. R. Hopkins and R. Lumry (1972) Photochem. Photobiol. 15 , 555–566] from a photoexcited l -tryptophan bound at, the catalvtic site.
Rubber-toughening epoxy thermosets with epoxidized crambe oil.

Epoxidized crambe oil and rapeseed oil were synthesized by reaction of the oils with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Formulating the neat epoxidized oils with epoxy-amine systems gave two-phase thermosets with epoxidized crambe oil, but not with epoxidized rapeseed oil. Glass transition temperature, mechanical properties, and fracture toughness of the epoxidized crambe oil thermoset specimen were measured. Fracture toughness values of the epoxy thermosets were increased approximately 100% by both 5 and 10% epoxidized crambe oil. Glass transition temperature and mechanical properties were affected only modestly.
In situ transmission electron microscopy studies of silicide‐mediated crystallization of amorphous silicon

The silicide‐mediated phase transformation of amorphous to crystalline silicon was observed in situ in the transmission electron microscope. Crystallization of nickel‐implanted amorphous silicon occurred at ∼500 °C. Nickel disilicide precipitates were observed to migrate through an amorphous Si film leaving a trail of crystalline Si. Growth occurred parallel to 〈111〉 directions. High resolution electron microscopy revealed an epitaxial NiSi2/Si(111) interface which was Type A. A diffusion‐controlled mechanism for the enhanced crystallization rate was determined.
Efficiently identifying the faces of a solid

Abstract An algorithm is described which accepts as input the edges of a convex polyhedron, listed in any order, and which produces a consistent collection of sequences of points which describe the faces of the polyhedron as required by certain display rendering packages. The algorithm makes use of the planarity tester of Hopcroft and Tarjan and is linear, in the number of points of the polyhedron, with respect to both time and space.
Enhanced diffusion in α-brass during cyclic straining; frequency effects

Abstract Strips of α-brass (30% Zn) were subjected to cyclic straining within the elastic limit at 95°c at frequencies from 2 to 20 c.p.s. The resistivity decreased noticeably for about 103 sec, the higher the frequency the greater being the decrease. The results are analysed on the basis of a model proposed earlier in that jogs on dislocations evaporate equal numbers of vacancies and interstitials which either return to the dislocations or annihilate each other. This model predicts several characteristics, such as the change of the resistivity decrease with time, the saturation resistivity versus frequency, the behaviour of the rate constant with frequency and the effect of initial treatment of the sample. All of these predictions are confirmed by the experiments.
Isolated Interstitials in Silicon

An isolated interstitial in silicon at the nominal site is investigated using a procedure based on the expansion of the wave function in terms of the Wannier functions of the perfect crystal and using a pseudopotential for the defect potential. Scattering phase shifts are calculated for states within the valence band and a search is made for bound states within the band gap. We discover that there is no bound state in the band gap associated with this defect. The change in the one-electron energy arising from the interstitial is calculated and combined with the corresponding quantity for a single vacancy. We find this major contribution to the formation energy of the vacancy interstitial pair to be 13.6 eV.
Copper (I) oxide as oxygen electrode catalyst in a solid electrolyte, H3Mo12PO40·29H2O, fuel cell

Abstract Copper (I) oxide shows a high catalytic activity in oxygen electrode in a solid electrolyte, H 3 Mo 12 PO 40 ·29H 2 O, fuel cell. Catalytic activity of Cu 2 O depends on the BET surface area. Cu 2 O with high activity shows a broad (111) X-ray diffraction line width, and a blurred band edge of semiconductor in the photoacoustic spectra.
Intrinsic units in growth modeling

This study demonstrates the benefits of using units of age and size provided by trees (and other plants) themselves. When the age and size at the inflection point are employed to rescale the Richards equation, it becomes more simple and its parameters transparent. Because one of them is related to the ratio of two increments, both of which increase with site quality, it is possible to expect that this parameter is not affected by site quality. Existing modifications of the Richards equation that make it applicable to various site indices increase the number of parameters up to 10. The rescaled form of the equation applies to stands with any site quality, and requires no any additional parameters. The established link between the pattern of foliage distribution, which can be detected instantly, and the process of stand dynamics may facilitate growth predictions. The presented analysis identifies the growth stages (the age of inflection and the latest available age) that are most informative for growth modeling.
1574 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN INTRA-VENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE OF THE PREMATURE

1574 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN INTRA-VENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE OF THE PREMATURE
Radiation Pressure-Supported Active Galactic Nucleus Tori with Hard X-Ray and Stellar Heating

The dynamics and structure of toroidal obscuration around active galactic nuclei remain uncertain and controversial. In this paper we extend earlier work on the dynamical role of infrared radiation pressure by adding the effects of two kinds of distributed heating: Compton heating due to hard X-rays from the nucleus and local starlight heating. We find numerical solutions to the axisymmetric hydrostatic equilibrium, energy balance, and photon diffusion equations including these effects. Within the regime of typical parameters, the two different sources of additional heating have very similar effects: the density profile within the torus becomes shallower both radially and vertically, but for plausible heating rates, there is only minor change (relative to the source-free case) in the distribution of column density with solid angle. The most interesting consequence of distributed heating is that it selects out a relatively narrow range of parameters permitting an equilibrium, particularly -->(L/LE)/τT. We discuss the implications of both the narrowness of the permitted range and its approximate coincidence with the range inferred from observations.
Meanings and feelings: Local interpretations of the use of violence in the Egyptian revolution

I trace the shifting feelings of some of my close interlocutors in a low-income neighborhood in Cairo and explore some of the cultural meanings that informed their attempts to make sense of the changing situation during the first days of the Egyptian revolution. Specifically, I reflect on how existing concepts that structure uses of violence have been central to the way men and women interpreted the attacks of baltagiyya (thugs) on the protesters in Tahrir Square and how these interpretations ultimately framed my interlocutors’ feelings and views of the revolution, Mubarak's regime, and its supporters. [revolution, baltagiyya, violence, Egypt, structures of feeling]
Application of nondestructive ion beam analysis to measure variations in the elemental composition of armor materials

Lightweight, state-of-the-art armors rely on ceramics for their enhanced performance. One goal of the United States Army is to expand the industrial base of companies that provide the armors. A systematic study of armor performance as a function of ceramic stoichiometry will result in a better understanding of the fundamental relations between composition and mechanical performance. One ceramic of interest is aluminum oxynitride (AlON). The stoichiometries of representative samples of AlON were investigated with the nondestructive techniques of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and resonant nuclear reaction analysis. Future tests of the performance of the AlON samples are to be correlated with the stoichiometries, and hence will lead to optimum, standardized processes for the manufacture of the AlON.
Impact of Education on Physician Attitudes toward Computed Tomography Utilization and Consent

Abstract Background There are risks to ordering computed tomography (CT) scans. Objective We set out to determine whether emergency physician attitudes and their predictions of CT ordering behaviors could be influenced by education. Methods We surveyed emergency physicians at a Level I trauma center with a yearly census of 74,000. Physicians were given a baseline survey that encompassed demographics, attitudes toward CT informed consent, and ordering behaviors. After receiving an education session regarding CT risks, each participant received a follow-up survey. Data analysis was performed using frequencies and chi-squared. Results Seventy-five physicians participated; 69% residents and 31% attendings; 34% were female and 66% male. Thirteen percent reported they did not know if informed consent was required for CT scans obtained in the Emergency Department. Pre-education, 89% reported sometimes ordering a CT scan due to a consultant request that they felt was not indicated, and 92% reported that they sometimes ordered a CT scan to appease a patient or family. Eighty-five percent reported that they sometimes ordered a CT scan defensively due to malpractice risk. After education, physicians were more likely to believe a patient should give informed consent before CT ( p p =0.001). Conclusion After education about the risks of CT utilization, emergency physicians were more likely to believe that patients should give informed consent before CT scan and predicted that they would be more likely to discuss the risks and benefits of CT with their patients.
Autoradiographic evidence of [3H]neurotensin binding changes in discrete regions of brain in the rat model of persistent spasmodic dyskinesia induced by iminodipropionitrile.

Abstract Chronic injection of iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to rats causes a persistent set of abnormalities which includes hyperlocomotion, hyperexcitability, and dyskinetic movements of the neck. These behavioral changes are very similar to those observed after the acute administration of the dopamine (DA) agonist, amphetamine, in rodents. Because of the anatomical and functional evidence that neurotensin (NT) can modulate DA neurotransmission, the present receptor autoradiographic study investigated the binding of [ 3 H]NT in the brains of IDPN-treated rats. There were significant decreases in binding in the frontal and cingulate cortices, the rhinal sulcus, the dorsolateral aspect of the caudate-putamen, and in the ventral tegmental area. These results provide the first evidence for the possible participation of the NT system in the manifestations of the IDPN-induced sydrome.
Aberrant Proliferation in CXCR7+ Endothelial Cells via Degradation of the Retinoblastoma Protein

Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the growth and dissemination of solid tumors. Indeed, tumor vasculature is abnormal and contributes to the development and spread of malignancies by creating a hostile microenvironment. The alternative SDF-1/CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7, is frequently and specifically expressed in tumor-associated vessels. In this study, we examine the role of endothelium-expressed CXCR7 in tumor vascular dysfunction by specifically examining the contribution of CXCR7 to endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. We demonstrate that CXCR7 expression is sufficient to drive post-confluent growth in EC cultures. Further, we provide a novel mechanism for CXCR7-mediated proliferation via proteasomal degradation of the tumor suppressor protein Rb. These findings identify a heretofore unappreciated role for CXCR7 in vascular dysfunction and confirm this receptor as a plausible target for anti-tumor therapy.
Water frost and ice: The near-infrared spectral reflectance 0.65–2.5 μm

The spectral reflectance of water frost and frost on ice as a function of temperature and grain size is presented with 1-1/2% spectral resolution in the 0.65- to 2.5-micron wavelength region. The well-known 2.0-, 1.65-, and 1.5-micron solid water absorption bands are precisely defined along with the little studied 1.25-micron band and the previously unidentified (in reflectance) 1.04-, 0.90-, and 0.81-micron absorption bands. The 1.5-microns band complex is quantitatively analyzed using a nonlinear least squares algorithm to resolve the band into four Gaussian components as a function of grain size and temperature. It is found that the 1.65-micron component, which was thought to be a good temperature sensor, is highly grain-size dependent and poorly suited to temperature sensing. Another Gaussian component appears to show a dependence of width on grain size while being independent of temperature. The relative apparent band depths are different for frost layers on ice than for thick layers of frost and may explain the apparent band depths seen in many planetary reflectance spectra.
Exercise-related ventilatory abnormalities are more specific for functional impairment in chronic heart failure than reduction in peak exercise oxygen consumption

Abstract Background Impaired functional capacity during exercise is used to assess need for transplantation in congestive heart failure patients, although impaired capacity is present in several chronic illnesses. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ventilatory abnormalities during exercise, rather than functional capacity, are specific to congestive heart failure patients. Methods We compared exercise-related gas exchange among a group of congestive heart failure patients and a group of patients who had chronic liver disease and normal cardiac function, matched for functional impairment, and a group of normal controls. Results Patients with congestive heart failure and patients with chronic liver disease experienced marked reduction in peak exercise oxygen consumption compared with normal controls (14.0 ± 1.4 and 14.2 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min, respectively, vs 25.8 ± 5.6 ml/kg/min, p p p = not significant), so that the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production (ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, an index of ventilatory drive) was significantly elevated in congestive heart failure subjects (43 ± 9 vs 36 ± 7, p Conclusions Although functional impairment characterizes both congestive heart failure and chronic liver disease, only congestive heart failure patients exhibit exercise-related ventilatory abnormalities. Exercise-related ventilatory abnormalities may be more specific to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic heart failure and should be considered when evaluating patients for heart transplantation.
Bile leak from the duct of Luschka treated with double-balloon enteroscopy ERCP in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy are usually treated using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The presence of complex, surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the endoscopic treatment of these lesions. Herein, we present a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who developed a bile leak after cholecystectomy and underwent endoscopic therapy using double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) ERCP. A 59-year-old patient with Roux-en-Y anatomy underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with removal of a large and inflamed gallbladder. The patient developed abdominal pain and fever postoperatively. A computed tomography scan was performed and revealed a fluid collection near the gallbladder fossa, which measured 5.2×2.8cm. A percutaneous drain was placed and the patient was sent to our hospital for further surgical treatment. We performed a DBE ERCP, and cholangiogram through the native papilla revealed a bile leak from the right hepatic duct, consistent with a leak from the duct of Luschka (●" Fig.1a,b). A double pigtail plastic stent was placed (●" Fig.1c). The bile drainage from the percutaneous leak resolved over the subsequent 72 hours. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of successful endoscopic treatment of a bile leak from the duct of Luschka in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using DBE ERCP. This case also highlights the possibility of bile leaks occurring distal to the cystic duct stump. The duct of Luschka is an anomaly that directly connects the hepatic ducts to the gallbladder, draining a portion of the right lobe of the liver [1,2]. When accidentally severed, it may cause a bile leak leading to biloma formation [1–3]. In patients with normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy, ERCP with stent placement and/or sphincterotomy is an effective therapy [2,3]. Although successful biliary cannulation rates in Roux-en-Y situations are lower, we believe that ERCP using DBE should be attempted first, as shown in this case. In summary, we have shown that an endoscopic approach using advanced ERCP with a double-balloon enteroscope was effective in treating a postoperative leak in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, thus sparing the patient from having to undergo a more invasive surgical intervention.
The Implementation of an Electronic Performance Support System for Teachers: An Examination of Usage, Performance, and Attitudes

This study investigated how teachers used an electronic performance support system (EPSS) and whether the usage of this EPSS affected their work performance and attitudes toward computer technology. The findings suggested a framework for the implementation of an EPPS in an educational setting, specifically at a middle school. The data were collected through observations, questionnaires, anecdotal logs, database records, and interviews. Four middle school teachers used the EPSS primarily for completing student progress reports wherein the results indicated that the EPSS decreased the amount of time to perform this task. Computer usage, performance, and attitudes were affected by work responsibilities, accessibility to computers, the change agent, the technology support personnel, as well as the specific characteristics of the EPSS. The teachers' attitudes toward the EPSS and technology in general were affected by their performances when using the system, by interactions with the person responsible for technology support, and by the ability to customize the computer program to fit their needs.
Luminescence-based spectroelectrochemical sensor for [Tc(dmpe)3]2+/+ (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) within a charge-selective polymer film.

A spectroelectrochemical sensor consisting of an indium tin oxide (ITO) optically transparent electrode (OTE) coated with a thin film of partially sulfonated polystyrene-blockpoly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SSEBS) was developed for [Tc(dmpe)3]+ (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane). [Tc(dmpe)3]+ was preconcentrated by ion-exchange into the SSEBS film after a 20 min exposure to aqueous [Tc(dmpe)3]+ solution, resulting in a 14-fold increase in cathodic peak current compared to a bare OTE. Colorless [Tc(dmpe)3]+ was reversibly oxidized to colored [Tc(dmpe)3]2+ by cyclic voltammetry. Detection of [Tc(dmpe)3]2+ was accomplished through emission spectroscopy by electrochemically oxidizing the complex from nonemissive [Tc(dmpe)3]+ to emissive [Tc(dmpe)3]2+. The working principle of the sensor consisted of electrochemically cycling between nonemissive [Tc(dmpe)3]+ and emissive [Tc(dmpe)3]2+ and monitoring the modulated emission (λexc = 532 nm; λem = 660 nm). The sensor gave a linear response ov...
Quantitative cohort analysis of a sand-dwelling meiobenthic harpacticoid copepod

The life history, distribution, and abundance of a numerically dominant harpacticoid copepod, Huntemannia jadensis , was investigated on three intertidal sand beaches in Puget Sound, Washington, from January 1973 to September 1974. Abundance estimates based on five replicate 10 cm 2 core samples at weekly intervals had 95% confidence limits from 50% to 200% of the weekly mean. Most variability in abundance was associated with differences among tidal levels, with additional high variability between stations within a tidal level. Cohorts could be followed at a mean lower low water station on each beach and took about 6 months to mature. Two beachss produced one generation per year in summer, but the third beach had a major cohort in spring and a smaller cohort in winter. Instantaneous rates of population increase ranged from—0.30 to 0.22 per day in field populations. Differences in the sequence of cohort development among the three beaches were of sufficient magnitude that the ecological validity of selecting and single study area as a control site for comparative purpose is questioned.
Performance improvement in coordinate measuring machines by error compensation

Abstract This paper describes the development and application of an error compensation technique for improving the performance of coordinate measuring machines. This procedure requires a complete calibration of the machine and a development of its kinematic model. When applied to a coordinate measuring machine, the technique improved machine performance by an average factor of four. The proposed method considers only geometric positioning errors and can be applied in situations where thermal effects can be safely ignored.
Depressed skull fractures in children secondary to skull clamp fixation devices.

The use of external skull fixation devices (skull clamps) is a common practice in neurosurgey. The insertion of pins into the skull is usually routine and uneventful in adult patients. However, the sa
Linguistic barriers to consumer information processing: Information overload in the hispanic population

The ability of individuals to assimilate and process consumer information appears to have finite limits. If consumers are given information which exceeds their processing capacity, information overload is said to exist and results in less effective decision making. The relationship between information overload and linguistic ability was investigated in this study. Americans and Hispanics were presented with varying amounts of consumer information in their native and non-native language. As predicted, information can act as a stressor, affecting decision making in a non-native language prior to affecting decision making in a dominant language. Information overload occurred sooner in Hispanics and Americans when consumer information was presented in their non-dominant language.
Historical Gorda Ridge t-phase swarms: relationships to ridge structure and the tectonic and volcanic state of the ridge during 1964–1966

Abstract The U.S. Navy’s Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) hydrophone arrays are extemely efficient receptors of a high-frequency earthquake energy phase known as the t(ertiary)-wave, or t-phase (Fox et al., 1994). After a nearly 30-year hiatus in such studies, SOSUS arrays are again being utilized to detect t-phases and to locate seismic and volcanic events occurring along the Gorda seafloor spreading center (Fox et al., 1995; Fox and Dziak, 1998). Earlier, Northrop et al. (1968) also used other military arrays to infer tectonic structure along the Gorda Ridge. From October 1964 through December 1966, over 600 low-magnitude earthquakes occurred along the Gorda Ridge. Nearly all of these events had magnitudes below the detection thresholds of land-based seismic networks. Northrop et al. (1968) interpreted the geographic distribution of these events as evidence for a nascent fracture zone near the midpoint of the ridge. In the present study, the spatial distributions of these older data and, for the first time, their temporal distributions as well, were examined with respect to detailed bathymetry of the ridge that was acquired in the early 1980s. This analysis, of 570 on-axis and 74 off-axis events, led to the following observations: (1) nearly all of the Gorda Ridge t-phase events occurred in discreet swarms centered about the ridge axis, (2) most of the events within each of 8 (of 9) observed swarms occurred mainly along single ridge segments, and, (3) reconfirming the earlier Northrop et al. (1968) conclusion, most of the events originated in the region of a major change in the strike of the ridge axis. During the 27-month interval that the ridge was observed, relatively few t-phase events took place along the northernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge where the 1996 eruption occurred. However, a unique sequence of small events which visually resemble the events associated with a Juan de Fuca Ridge eruption in 1993 (Fox et al., 1995) and a Gorda Ridge eruption in 1996 (Fox and Dziak, 1998) may have been associated with an eruption on the ridge during 1965.
Evaluation of the introduction of robotic technology on route of hysterectomy and complications in the first year of use

Objective We sought to determine the differential rates and complications of hysterectomy type in the year prior to and following the introduction of robotic technology. Study Design This was a retrospective chart review of 461 hysterectomies performed from July 2007 through June 2008 (period 1) and July 2008 through June 2009 (period 2) at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center. Results In all, 199 vs 262 hysterectomies were performed in periods 1 and 2: open, 52.3% vs 43.1%; laparoscopic, 18.1% vs 8.0%; robotic, 2.5% vs 24.8%; and vaginal, 27.4% vs 24.1%, respectively. The increase in robotic hysterectomies in period 2 was associated only with a decline in laparoscopic hysterectomy ( P P Conclusion Route of hysterectomy changed significantly after the introduction of robotic technology primarily due to a change in management of pelvic organ prolapse. Open hysterectomy was associated with significantly higher complication rates.
Barrier Reefs of Tahiti and Moorea

THE surprising fact that fragments of volcanic rock occur in the barrier reef of Tahiti, as reported by Dr. Crossland in NATURE for April 23, must be welcomed by all students of that remarkable structure; but that fact does not, it seems to me, prove the “original continuity of the present barrier reef from the [island] shore to the ocean slope” outside the reef, as is stated in his second letter in the issue of July 2. The fact only permits the inference that the lagoon was formerly filled in some manner, perhaps by stream deltas instead of by a broadened fringing reef, so that island detritus could be transported to where the barrier now stands. This inference involves so extraordinary a series of changes from former lagoon filling to later lagoon excavation—for which there is no other satisfying evidence provided—that even the inference should not be accepted as valid until all other possible means of explaining the occurrence of the volcanic fragments have been excluded. Further details as to tho nature of the fragments and the manner of their occurrence are desirable.