cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Autoimmune Basis for Raynaud's Phenomenon: Murine Model and Human Disease.

Objective Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is common in anti-RNP-positive patients with rheumatic diseases but is not itself known to be caused by autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to assess autoantibodies that could mediate this process. Methods Antibodies derived from patient sera and from murine models of anti-RNP autoimmunity were screened for the ability to induce RP-like tissue ischemia and endothelial cell apoptosis in murine models and in vitro systems. Results RNP-positive sera from RP patients and murine sera from RNP-positive B cell adoptive transfer recipients induced RP-like tissue ischemia and endothelial cell apoptosis. Proteomic analysis identified cytokeratin 10 (K10) as a candidate autoantigen in RP. Monoclonal anti-K10 antibodies reproduced patterns of ischemic tissue loss and endothelial cell apoptosis; K10 knockout or depletion of anti-K10 activity in serum was protective. Cold exposure enhanced K10 expression and in vivo tissue loss. Conclusion Anti-K10 antibodies are sufficient to mediate RP-like ischemia in murine models and are implicated in the pathogenesis of RP in patients with anti-RNP autoimmunity.
A Cloud-Supported App for Providing Self-Directed, Localized Job Interest Assessment and Analysis for People with Intellectual Disability

Obtaining meaningful, fulfilling employment is important to the enhanced quality of life of all people. Unfortunately, data show that people with disabilities, in general, achieve much poorer employment outcomes than do people without disabilities, and that people with intellectual disability have even less positive employment outcomes. There are many reasons for this, but at least one factor may be limitations to the ways of determining the job and vocational interests and work preferences of people with intellectual disability. This study examined the use of a cognitively accessible, iPad-based app that provided multiple opportunities for people with intellectual disability to view videos about potential work contexts and job tasks and to identify preferred work options. Participants in this study were able to use the app with minimal prompting and were able to identify job and work interests and preferences that matched those identified for them by vocational counselors.
Historical experiment to measure irradiation-induced creep of graphite

Abstract This paper presents historical results of graphite irradiation-induced creep experiments that were performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory from the 1950's to the 1970's. These experiments were performed at temperatures from 150°C to 1000 °C, and bend stresses ranging from 500 to 5000 psi (∼3.3–34.5 MPa). The experimental setup utilized in-situ measurement of specimen displacement, on-line applied stress control, and the ability to change stress during the experiment. The different stress conditions showed that the primary creep strain and the steady-state creep rates both have a linear stress dependence. The temperature range used in this work resulted in trends that have not be previously presented in the literature: 1) a linear dependence of primary creep strain on temperature, and 2) the shape of steady state creep rate versus temperature (see graphical abstract). The maximum dose in the specimens was 0.9 dpa, which is sufficient to achieve steady-state creep without the structural changes that alter the observed creep behavior. The results from this experiment provide evidence that dispels that the pinning-unpinning model describes the mechanism of irradiation creep in graphite. Instead these results suggest a dislocation climb mechanism is the probable mechanism for creep within the crystalline regions.
Abstract 105: Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Spontaneous Intra-cerebral Hemorrhage (DASH) - Final Results

Background: The optimal diagnostic evaluation for patients with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the utili...
Copper protein structures.

The structural comparison of copper-containing proteins has provided a new dimension to the relationships suggested by sequence similarities. Ryden (1988) summarized the putative relationships, suggesting that a primordial single-domain cupredoxin evolved into the multidomain copper oxidases. The structures have revealed the fact that the differences reside primarily in insertions and deletions at junctions between secondary-structure elements. The mechanism of evolution (e.g., integration of new sequences into regions not essential to the Greek key fold) remains unknown. Which of the properties of a cupredoxin fold are necessary for function is the subject of site-directed mutagenesis studies. Can two of the ligands be interchanged (e.g., the upstream histidine and partially answered by the multidomain copper oxidase structure. The Tyr-Cys-Thr sequence in plastocyanin (in which threonine is a member of the hydrogen-bonding pair) is homologous with the His-Cys-His sequence in ascorbate oxidase. In the latter electron transfer is believed to flow from the type I copper (bound by the cysteine) to the trinuclear cluster, probably via these histidine residues. Hence, one might infer that the tyrosine and threonine have some role in electron transfer. Tyr-83 has been previously implicated in NMR studies as a primary site of electron transfer. The multi-copper protein structures have revealed interesting new features. The extra coppers are bound at domain interfaces, and can be single metals or the novel trinuclear cluster, depending on the availability of liganding histidines. A structural model of ceruloplasmin suggests that it will have at least two type I sites and, possibly, a third type I site such as stellacyanin (no methionine ligand), as well as a binding site for a trinuclear cluster. The similarity of the sequences of N2O reductases and a domain of cytochrome oxidase to the sequences of proteins with known structures suggests that these, too, will have Greek key domains. Galactose oxidase and hemocyanin do not have Greek key folds in their functional domains, although each does have a Greek key domain. The need for a Greek key fold remains obscure. The apoproteins are clearly stable without metals; there are examples other than immunoglobulins of Greek key folds. So far copper seems to be found in a very limited subset of structures; other chapters in this volume show that zinc, for example, has a much wider variety of environments in proteins, as does iron. It may be that the copper-containing Greek key proteins represent a very small evolutionary niche.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Polar Code Hybrid Rate Matching Scheme

In recent 3GPP NR standards discussions for 5G, polar codes have been adopted as the control channel coding scheme when the payload size is more than 11 bits. The rate matching schemes for polar codes include shortening, puncturing and repetition. Each of these rate matching schemes has a performance advantage for different conditions. Hence, it is beneficial to include all three types of rate matching schemes. A circular buffer is also designed to support these rate matching schemes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid rate matching scheme which incorporates both shortening and puncturing techniques. This hybrid rate matching scheme provides a performance advantage for some conditions. Also, this hybrid rate matching scheme does not cause a significant impact on the existing polar coding system architecture. Simulation results are provided to show the performance benefit of this hybrid rate matching scheme.
2242. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Prostate Cancer in HIV-Infected Veterans: A 10-Year Experience

Background The detection of prostate cancer in HIV individuals has grown in recent years and it has become the second leading neoplasm in the elderly with HIV after lung cancer. Despite this notable prevalence, there is little literature about the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities in the setting of HIV.
En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Longitudinal Monitoring of Retinal Injury

A customized Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) algorithm and Orthogonal OCT (en-face and B-Scans) were used for longitudinal assessment of retina murine vascular and tissue remodeling comparing photoreceptor ablation and laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). In the mouse model, we utilized a combined OCTA/OCT technique to image and quantify morphological and vascular features of laser lesions over time. This approach enabled us to monitor and correlate the dynamics of retina vascular and tissue remodeling as evidenced by swelling, edema, and scarring. From the OCT B-Scans, three stages of inflammatory progression were identified: the early response occurring within hours to day 3, the transition phase from 3–7 days, and the late stage of 7–21 days entering either the resolving phase or chronic phase, respectively. For the case of CNV, en-face OCTA revealed a transient non-perfusion of inner retina capillaries, specifically Deep Vascular Plexus (DVP), which corresponded to growth in lesions of a height of 200 µm or greater. Non-perfusion first occurred at 24 hours, persisted during edema and CNV formation days 7–14. In contrast, the acute inflammation induced photoreceptor damage, but no detectable alterations to the microvasculature were observed. We demonstrated that the en-face OCTA system is capable of visualizing capillary networks (∼5 µm) and the corresponding tissue remodeling and growth dynamics allowing for separating acute injury from CNV. For the first time, by using OCTA we observed the presence of the 5–10 μm capillary non-perfusion present in DVP as part of CNV formation and the associated wound healing in the retina.
Effect of aluminum titanate on the fracture mechanism of the nickel–zirconia system under uniaxial and biaxial strength testing conditions

Abstract Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anodes were fabricated with NiO–YSZ and 0–10 wt% aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5, ALT) addition. Samples were manufactured using a tape casting procedure to a thickness of approximately 500 µm. A remarkable enhancement of the mechanical strength, up to 166%, was found when compared to the samples without ALT addition. The development of secondary phases was observed proportional to the amount of aluminum titanate. Mechanical properties evaluation was conducted using uniaxial and biaxial strength testing. Weibull statistics was used for mechanical properties analysis and an advanced statistical analysis was employed to identify the existence of multiple flaw populations. Fractography was performed on selected samples to elucidate the fracture mechanisms. Biaxial testing was characterized by high mechanical strength with lower Weibull moduli; whereas, uniaxial testing showed lower mechanical strength and higher Weibull moduli. It was found that the addition of 0%, 5% and 10% ALT to Ni–YSZ samples exhibit a fracture mechanism that is dependent on one flaw population namely porosity and mechanical strength of secondary phases, respectively. Samples without the addition of ALT were characterized by intergranular fracture while transgranular fracture was found for the addition of 5% and 10% ALT to Ni–YSZ samples. For the addition of 1% ALT to Ni–YSZ samples both flaw populations were identified. Analysis of the fracture surfaces revealed the simultaneous presence of intergranular and transgranular features. It is proposed that secondary phases, developed by ALT addition, increase the mechanical strength of the material shifting the fracture mechanism from intergranular to transgranular.
Experimental Integrity Evaluation of Tightly-Integrated IMU/LiDAR Including Return-Light Intensity Data

This paper describes the design, analysis, and experimental evaluation of a new method to integrate measurements from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and inertial measurement units (IMU). A tight IMU/LiDAR integration scheme is developed, which aims at exploiting the complementary properties of the two sensors while facilitating safety risk evaluation. In particular, the IMU is used to improve LiDAR position and orientation prediction (or pose), thereby reducing the the risk of incorrectly associating sensed features with mapped landmarks. Conversely, LiDAR pose estimation updates can limit the drift of IMU errors over time. In order to further improve data association, LiDAR return-light intensity measurements are incorporated, which helps distinguish landmarks and thus reduces the risk of incorrect associations. The new method is evaluated and analyzed using experimental data.
Rigid and Flexible Esophagoscopy for Foreign Body Removal

This chapter describes the endoscopic procedures for removal of esophageal foreign bodies. Included is an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, key steps, equipment needed, and variations in technique for the procedure, namely the use of rigid versus flexible endoscopes and the use of different types of retrieval devices. A template operative dictation is then included, providing the reader with a detailed operative report that is similar to what would be found in the patient medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: patient positioning with neck extended, intubation of upper esophageal sphincter under direct visualization, and manipulation of foreign body with long grasping forceps.
Cases Relating to Chapter 8 – Offenses Involving Theft

Publisher Summary This chapter presents several case studies related to offenses involving theft. The cases presented are: Gerald Lattimore, William Lattimore, and James Hunt v. United States and State of Ohio, Plaintiff-Appellee v. Robert Cunningham, Defendant-Appellant.
Chapter 2 – Rodent Behavioral Learning and Memory Models

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the wide variety of specific behavioral paradigms applicable to assess learning and memory in rodents. Understanding these procedures is important for two general reasons. First, these procedures have been used historically as basic experiments to characterize the fundamental attributes of learning and memory behaviorally. Second, in the modern era, these procedures are used in literally thousands of separate studies investigating the anatomical, cellular, and molecular basis of learning and memory. Firm grasp on the basics of rodent behavioral paradigms is the key to understand the design, interpretation, and limitations of modern cellular and molecular investigations in memory formation in mammalian model systems. The chapter discusses the basics of hypothesis testing and the four fundamental types of experiments that scientists have available to them for testing various predictions of a hypothesis. Mastering the basic concepts of hypothesis testing is crucial for students, whatever their ultimate field of endeavor is. Working through the application of hypothesis testing in the context of learning and memory will be useful as a mental exercise and helpful beyond the specifics of their application in one scientific subdiscipline.
Evaluating the effects of regional climate trends along the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf based on the seabed distribution of naturally occurring radioisotopic tracers

Abstract Measurements of 230Th, 14C, 210Pb and 234Th activities were made on sediment cores collected along a N-S transect exhibiting a gradient in annual sea-ice duration off the West Antarctic Peninsula. The resultant data were used to evaluate the effects of regional warming on particle flux reaching the seabed on timescales from millennial to seasonal. Shelf samples were collected at five stations, over three cruises, between February 2008 and March 2009, as part of the FOODBANCS2 Project. Sea-ice conditions (the number of days ice-free prior to core collection) were evaluated at the five stations to understand the relationship between ice abundance and particle/radionuclide flux. Based on the millennial tracer 14C, rates of sediment accumulation along the peninsula decrease southward, consistent with the observed sea-ice gradient. 230Th data provide additional evidence on millennial timescales that sediment focusing (i.e., lateral transport) occurs to a greater extent in the northern reaches of the study area compared to the southernmost stations. The distribution of steady-state, 210Pb flux to the seabed (representing centurial trends) displays a similar trend to 14C, showing higher radionuclide/particle flux in the northern study area (where sea-ice duration is diminished) and lower flux southward as sea-ice duration increases. Additionally, 210Pb data suggest that lateral transport plays an important role in the sediment distributions of this radiotracer on hundred-year timescales, which is explainable by the relatively short circulation times of peninsular waters relative to 210Pb's half-life. On seasonal and annual time scales, the distribution of steady-state 234Th flux to the seabed shows an increase in radionuclide flux at the southernmost stations. This increase in radionuclide flux on seasonal and annual time scales is consistent with the warming trend along the peninsula and the reduction in sea-ice duration over the past decade. A significant statistical relationship, however, could not be established between annual sea-ice free days and 234Th-derived particle flux to the seabed. The fluxes/distributions of long-lived particle-reactive tracers (14C, 230Th, and 210Pb) on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf appear to be controlled primarily by the long-term pattern of increasing annual sea-ice duration in the southward direction, whereas the fluxes of the short-lived tracer (234Th) are consistent with the more recent decreases in sea-ice duration (associated with climate change) that have occurred over the past decade, primarily in the southern West Antarctic Peninsula stations.
Does Restricting the Entry of Formula Businesses Help Mom-and-Pop Stores? The Case of Small American Towns With Unique Community Character:

Communities worldwide are increasingly introducing regulatory measures to protect independent businesses from chain stores, but the efficacy of these attempts is largely debated. Moreover, effects ...
EXPRESS: Stent Retriever Alone vs. Aspiration and Stent-Retriever Combination in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Matched Analysis

Background Three randomized clinical trials have reported similar safety and efficacy for contact aspiration (CA) and Stent-retriever (SR) thrombectomy. AimWe aimed to determine whether the Combine...
Field cost of activity in the kit fox, Vulpes macrotis.

Abstract Field metabolic rates and daily movement distances were measured in 26 individual kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) over a 29‐mo period in the southern Mojave Desert of California. Kit foxes traveled long distances (up to 32 km d−1), with males usually traveling farther than females. Daily movement distances were affected by season, since males traveled the greatest distances in spring and females traveled farthest in summer. Individual foxes tracked multiple times demonstrated repeatability of daily movement distance between nights, between summer and winter, and between consecutive winters. The field cost of activity per unit distance was estimated as 15.6 kJ km−1 from the partial regression coefficient of a multiple linear regression model, a value not significantly different from the incremental cost of locomotion derived from laboratory measurements. The field cost of activity was not affected by season, despite the expectation of higher costs of activity in the winter with increased thermoregulat...
Everyone Has a Story: A Collaborative Inquiry Project by Five Teacher Candidates of Color and One White Professor

Initiatives to increase the number of teachers of color in U.S. public schools must be accompanied by culturally relevant teacher preparation for candidates of color. This study is a cooperative inquiry (Heron, 1996) conceived, conducted, and analyzed by five preservice teachers of color and one of their professors, a white lesbian. The women met biweekly for a year to co-construct meaning from their experiences in a teacher education program. They analyzed data sources together, including meeting transcripts, autobiographical sketches, and reflective writing on themes from the data. Key findings include the complexity of teacher candidates’ identities; the importance of support systems for teacher candidates of color, particularly within predominantly white contexts; the connection between teacher candidates’ backgrounds and their visions as teachers; and the role others’ perceptions, particularly teacher educators, have played in teacher candidates becoming teachers.
Modulation of venular microvessel permeability by calcium influx into endothelial cells.

It has been proposed that calcium ion influx into endothelial cells modulates the permeability of venular microvessels via a calcium-dependent contractile process. The results of recent investigations using permeabilized endothelial cell monolayers conform to this hypothesis by demonstrating a calcium-dependent interaction of endothelial actin and myosin during the retraction of adjacent endothelial cells exposed to inflammatory agents. Little is known about the pathway for calcium influx into endothelial cells after exposure to mediators of inflammation, but evidence suggests that the properties of the calcium entry pathways are similar to the calcium entry pathways that regulate the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Substances that stimulate EDRF release from arterial endothelium also increase venular microvessel permeability. Recently developed methods to measure cytoplasmic calcium concentration in the endothelial cells forming the walls of individually perfused microvessels enabl...
Immunology of Invertebrates: Humoral

All major groups of invertebrates possess immunocytes that perform the major cell-mediated immune functions. During massive or prolonged microbial invasion, the cellular defence may be impaired. Under such circumstances, antimicrobial proteins (humoral factors) secreted by the host immune system provide the second line of defence. Keywords: effector molecules; agglutinins; lectins; prophenoloxidase; cytokines; neuropeptides; opioids; C-reactive proteins; complement-like molecules; α2-macroglobulin; granulocyte; immunocyte
Are Ideas Within The Traditional Definition of Property? A Jurisprudential Analysis

Ideas in the form of technical know-how, information, inventions, and unique product designs are products of mental activity that often have substantial value. Such products of the mind, generally called intellectual property, are significantly different from realty or tangible objects. Products of the mind can be simultaneously possessed and used by multiple parties, and different parties may even use the same product of the mind differently. In contrast, the mythical Blackacre cannot be simultaneously used as an airport and as a cornfield. Furthermore, a tangible object such as a wooden chair is not capable of being used both as a seat and as fuel for a fireplace. These differences between ideas and realty or tangible objects raise the question of whether ideas fit within the traditional concepts that comprise property law. To answer this question, this article will first attempt to provide a generic definition of property. The underlying policy reasons for the protection of intellectual property, including ideas, will be identified. In light of this definition and the underlying policies, the protection of ideas under state common law, trade secret law, and patent law will be examined. The article will conclude that common law idea protection, trade secret law, and patent law are all property based regimes predicated on the recognition of property rights in ideas.
A Microchoice Bound for Continuous-Space Classification Algorithms

Classifiers are often constructed iteratively by introducing changes sequentially to an initial classifier. Langford and Blum (COLT'99: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, 1999, San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 209–214) take advantage of this structure (the microchoice structure), to obtain bounds for the generalization ability of such algorithms. These bounds can be sharper than more general bounds. This paper extends the applicability of the microchoice approach to the more realistic case where the classifier space is continuous and the sequence of changes is not restricted to a pre-fixed finite set. Proving the microchoice bound in the continuous case relies on a conditioning technique that is often used in proving VC results. It is shown how this technique can be used to convert any learning algorithm over a continuous space into a family of algorithms over discrete spaces. The new continuous microchoice result is applied to obtain a bound for the generalization ability of the perceptron algorithm. The greedy nature of the perceptron algorithm, which generates new classifiers by introducing corrections based on misclassified points, is exploited to obtain a generalization bound that has an asymptotic form of O(1/\sqrt{n}), where n is the training set size.
The Impact of Confidentiality on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Voice over IP Networks

With the advent of ubiquitous access to multimedia content via wireless networks, users are more likely to have their data traverse a heterogeneous internetwork. Given the open nature of the Internet and wireless links, more users will demand end-to-end confidentiality. However, because of inherent error-expansion properties of secret-key encryption, it is a challenge to provide good subjective quality and end-to-end confidentiality for multimedia data, particularly in network environments subject to both loss and corruption impairments. This paper analyzes the affect end-to-end confidentiality has on the quality of service (QoS) in Voice over IP (VoIP) networks. To satisfy a given QoS objective, we show that mitigating the error-expansion caused by confidentiality comes at a cost. We measure this cost by increased delay, reduced bandwidth, and reduced traffic capacity. Thus, for this class of applications, we motivate the need for error-robust encryption and introduce one such technique in this paper.
Chapter 5 Representational issues in motor learning: Phenomena and theory

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the processes required for motor learning. It focuses on the psychological processes of motor learning. Central to this endeavor is the notion of representation: the psychological structures and processes that allow utilizing past experience in improving motor behavior. The chapter discusses learning curves that provide a macroscopic analysis of the way performance changes with practice. It focuses on the examination of different theoretical accounts of the way regularities in learning curves manifest changes in the representation of skill. The chapter describes a different aspect of the constraints on skilled performance. The chapter presents the theories of motor learning. The selected theories are representative of present work in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and computational modeling.
Magnetic Field Induced Broadening of the Resistive Transition in Epitaxial Films of YBa2Cu3O7 and Y2Ba4Cu8O16

In this paper we report measurements of the resistive transition in YBa2Cu3O7 and Y2Ba4Cu8O16 films as a function of transport current density coplanar with applied magnetic field and the CuO2 planes. For both transverse and longitudinal current-field configurations, we observe a significant broadening of the transition. For low excitation currents, the strength of the dissipation is identical for longitudinal and transverse fields. At high transport currents, where the Current-Voltage (I-V) curves are non-linear, the transverse field however, results in a Lorentz force instability in the flux line lattice and a higher dissipation. Various physical processes which might lead to the unusually large broadening of the transition observed in all classes of cuprate superconductors are discussed.
Unearthing Shame in the Supervisory Experience

A premise of this article is that the supervisee typically experiences shame in psychotherapy supervision. The purpose is to demonstrate that the discovery and exploration of shame by the supervisor and the supervisee enhance both the therapy and the supervision. The focus is on the supervisor's attitudes and behaviors toward the supervisee's shame. Using a case example, three important sources of that shame are discussed: (1) Shame that evolves from the relationship between therapist and patient. (2) Shame that arises from the therapist's fears of, or actual experience of, not being approved of or admired by an idealized supervisor. (3) Shame inherent in revealing personal material in a supervisory relationship. Six recommendations for exploring shame are offered to supervisors: (1) be alert to the therapist's disguised shame, (2) encourage the supervisee to explore how the therapy and supervision are experienced, (3) demonstrate the qualities of a psychotherapist by assisting the therapist in uncovering personal material that affects the psychotherapy, and (4) create an environment of safety where shame-related phenomena can be discussed with candor and curiosity. Supervisors should also (5) ease insecurities by modeling the activities they seek to encourage, and (6) avoid attempts to dissuade the supervisee of an idealizing transference toward them. Limitations of the recommendations are discussed.
The Emotional Voter

It seems self-evident that political figures arouse passion and emotion in the electorate. Vivid examples can be found throughout all of political history. In 1864, Harper’s Weekly described Abraham Lincoln as a “monster”, a characterization that is clearly emotionally evocative (Jamieson, 1992). John F. Kennedy, the “Camelot” president, evoked feelings of tremendous pride and patriotism in his eloquent speeches (e.g., “Ask not what your country can do for you…”). Bill Clinton’s recent sexual escapades elicited disgust among many citizens, and his subsequent lies about the affair aroused considerable anger. Moreover, political candidates notoriously surround themselves with contextual stimuli (e.g., the American flag, balloons, music) that are designed to elicit positive emotional reactions in the electorate ([Jamieson, 1992]).
The effect of litter rank on the secondary sex ratio.

Es wird gezeigt, dass sich verschiedene Mausestamme im sekundaren Geschlechterverhaltnis unterscheiden. Die Wurffolge beeinflusst zwar die relative Zahl der Geschlechter bei der Geburt, aber dieser Einfluss wechselt mit dem Stamm selber. Der Ausgleich des Unterschieds in spateren Wurfen erfolgt durch Weibchenuberschuss. Sowohl erbliche wie nichterbliche Faktoren spielen eine Rolle in der Beeinflussung des Geschlechterverhaltnisses.
The dependence of the tensile behavior of insb on temperature, strain-rate and oxygen content

Abstract Indium antimonide single crystals have been tested in tension in the temperature range from 300°C to the melting point (525°C) and at strain-rates between 1.94 × 10 −4 and 1.94 × 10 −3 sec −1 . Upon initial loading, the stress vs. strain curves were characterized by the presence of a marked double yield point. However, no strain-aging was observed. The stress at the first deviation from linearity, τ y , the upper yield stress, τ M , and the lower yield stress, τ L , all exhibit a linear temperature dependence and vanish at the melting point. At constant temperature, τ y and τ M increase with increasing strain-rate until a saturation stress is reached. No strain-rate dependence of τ L is found. The dislocation density, determined through etch pit studies, depends linearly on the plastic strain prior to work hardening; after work hardening commences, the density varies as the square root of the plastic strain. The dislocation density is independent of both temperature and strain-rate. Variations have been observed above 450°C in both the mechanical and electrical properties of a particular series of samples which can be correlated with a difference in oxygen content.
The advantages of periodically operated biofilm reactors for the treatment of highly variable wastewater

Many wastes generated by industry, at hazardous wastes sites and at landfill experience shock loads of inhibitory organic compounds which can upset biological treatment systems. Biofilm reactors can be used to treat these wastes. However, the continuous flow mode operation normally used results in biofilm stratification and uneven biomass distribution that limits the ability of biofilm processes to treat shock loads. Periodic operation of biofilm reactors is advantageous because even biomass distribution can be obtained. In addition, data from membrane sequencing batch biofilm reactors indicates that periodic operation imposes regular variations in substrate concentration on the biofilm. As a result, organisms throughout the film achieve maximum growth rates which cause physiological adaptations that can improve biofilm response to shock loads.
The Influence of Different Urban Pavements on Water Chemistry

ABSTRACT Urban pavements may influence water quality by leaching contaminants such as total hydrocarbons, nutrients and metals which can negatively influence receiving waters. We studied the influence of different pavement types on water chemistry using recirculating laboratory mesocosms. Pavement types tested were unsealed and sealed asphalt concrete pavement, recycled asphalt concrete pavement, Portland cement concrete (PCC), PCC with fly ash, PCC with ground-granulated blast furnace slag, and porous PCC. Pavement types variably influenced pH, metal, bromide, chloride, phosphate and sulfate concentrations relative to controls. Data suggest pavement types can act as a source of contaminants to receiving waters, not just a conduit.
Pathology of Intraocular Lenses in 33 Eyes Examined Postmortem

Thirty-three pseudophakic eyes from 29 patients were examined postmortem. Clinically, 25 of the eyes had had visual acuities of 20/50 or better. In general the intraocular lenses (IOLs) were quite well tolerated. Iris atrophy and erosion were prominent features of eyes containing an anterior chamber, iris fixation, or iridocapsular lens. Angle recession and ciliary-body erosion were found in some eyes with anterior chamber lenses. Ciliary-body erosion by haptics was seen with posterior chamber lenses. Pupillary membranes were present in eight eyes. Granulomatous reaction to IOL material was present in 13 eyes. Usually this was localized to the site of the lens haptic, and was consistent with good visual acuity. One eye with a posterior chamber lens had been successfully treated for Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis after capsulotomy, shortly before death. Central corneal endothelial cell loss seemed to be of similar amount for the anterior chamber, iris fixation, and iridocapsular lenses, but was less severe in eyes with posterior chamber lenses. Cystoid macular edema was present in five eyes, retinal phlebitis in two eyes, and retinal detachments in four eyes.
Electron-impact excitation of He-like ions: Mg XI.

The collision strengths for the electron-impact excitation of inelastic transitions in Mg xi have been calculated by use of the R-matrix method. Eleven lowest LS target states 1${s}^{2}$ ${}^{1}$S, 1s2s ${}^{1}$,3S, 1s2p ${}^{1}$,3P\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 1s3s ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$,3S, 1s3p ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$,3P\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 1s3d ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$,3D are included in the expansion of the total wave function. These target states are represented by accurate configuration-interaction wave functions. The lower partial-wave (L\ensuremath{\le}8) results obtained in the R-matrix method are supplemented by higher partial waves obtained in the close coupling with exchange terms omitted (L=9\char21{}15), Coulomb-Born (L=16\char21{}36), and Coulomb-Bethe (Lg36) approximations. Rydberg series of resonances converging to n=2 and 3 thresholds are considered in the calculations. Results are obtained over a wide electron energy range (97.66\char21{}350.0 Ry) and are compared, where possible, with the previously available five-state Coulomb-exchange distorted-wave approximation results of Bednell. These collision strengths are then integrated with the assumption of a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies to obtain effective collision strengths for temperatures between ${10}^{5}$ and 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ K.
Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of calcium-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle.

Abstract Increased calcium-activated potassium channel ( K Ca ) activity in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells leads to a relaxation response counteracting the effects of high blood pressure. Since chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) can be associated with an increase in blood pressure, we reasoned that GCs might modify the expression of K Ca channels resulting in a net rise in vascular tone. To test this hypothesis, primary cultures of rat VSM cells were exposed to (a) RU 28362 (a pure glucocorticoid receptor agonist), 1 μM; (b) corticosterone 10 nM + carbenoxolone (an inhibitor of bidirectional VSM 11β-OH steroid dehydrogenase), 1 μM; (c) 11-dehydrocorticosterone (a biologically inactive metabolite), 10 nM + carbenoxolone; (d) carbenoxolone alone; or (e) aldosterone 10 nM for periods of up to 72 h. Proteins were then extracted and Western blots prepared. Gels were probed with a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody directed against K Ca channel protein. The experimental procedure was repeated on separate sets of VSM cells to ensure reproducibility. Expression of K Ca channel protein was diminished in VSM cells incubated with corticosterone + carbenoxolone and with RU 28362 after 24 h and remained low at 72 h. Expression of K Ca protein in cells exposed to 11-dehydrocorticosterone + carbenoxolone, carbenoxolone alone, and aldosterone was either similar to controls or mildly increased over the 72 h. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that GCs diminish the expression of K Ca protein. Diminished K Ca expression could contribute to the observed increase in vascular tone following chronic GC exposure.
An efficient, fully adaptive deadlock recovery scheme: DISHA

This paper presents a simple, efficient and cost effective routing strategy that considers deadlock recovery as opposed to prevention. Performance is optimized in the absence of deadlocks by allowing maximum flexibility in routing. Disha supports true fully adaptive routing where all virtual channels at each node are available to packets without regard for deadlocks. Deadlock cycles, upon forming, are efficiently broken by progressively routing one of the blocked packets through a deadlock-free lane. This lane is implemented using a central "floating" deadlock buffer resource in routers which is accessible to all neighboring routers along the path. Simulations show that the Disha scheme results in superior performance and is extremely simple, ensuring quick recovery from deadlocks and enabling the design of fast routers.
Principles of the treatment of periodontal disease

Abstract It is generally accepted that treatment of any case of periodontal disease is dependent upon correct analysis of etiological factors. Treatment must include local procedures to remove all causes of local irritations, and to place the mouth in such a condition that the patient can keep it in a state of health. This often must include occlusal equilibration, splinting of teeth, and surgical intervention. Coupled with this must be careful attention to the patient's general health, daily home care by the patient, and regular check-up examinations. If these general procedures are followed adequately, results will be good; if any one of them is neglected, failure will result.
Visual contrast enhancement of optical coherence tomography images by combined and image fusion methods

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an lnterferometnc. noninvasive and non contact imaging technique mat generates images of biological tissues at micrometer scale resolution. Images obtained from the OCT process are often noisy and of low visual contrast level This work focuses on improving the visual contrast of OCT images using image and fusion techniques Since OCT images are often corrupted with noise, our first approach is to use the most effective noise reduction algorithm. This process is followed by a series of digital enhancement techniques that are suitable to enhance the visual contrast of the OCT images. We also investigate any gain in visual contrast if combined gnlianrpmont is employed. In the image fusion methods, images taken at different depths are fused together using discrete wavelet transform (DUT) We answer the question of it is more efficient to enhance images before or after fusion. This work concludes by performing an analysis mat defines the an efficient approach to improve the visual contrast of OCT images.
Relations of Cratonic and Continental-Margin Tectonic Episodes: ABSTRACT

The Phanerozoic history of continental cratons is marked by repeated global episodes of 3 types: (1) oscillatory--generally elevated or oscillating with respect to sea level; marginal and submarginal areas subject to highly differentiated uplift and subsidence; periodicity of oscillations and uplifts 105-106 years; wave lengths of intracratonic tectonic elements 101-102 km; duration of episodes 107-108 years; (2) emergent--progressively elevated in time; without significant topographic relief; tectonically undifferentiated below wave lengths of 103; duration 106-107 years; and (3) submergent--progressively depressed below sea level to form widespread epicontinental seas; sub pisodes (106-107 years) of differential subsidence to form basins and arches (^dgr = 102-103 km); duration 107-108 years. Time relations of cratonic episodes are (1) oscillatory--much of Cenozoic, including present and period from Pennsylvanian to Early Jurassic (time spans of Appalachian-Hercynian, Laramide and Alpine orogenies); (2) emergent--latest Precambrian, early Middle Ordovician, Early Devonian, etc. (lacunal intervals between accumulations of cratonic sedimentary sequences); and (3) submergent--time spans of Caledonian, Antler-Acadian, and Nevadian orogenies. In plate-tectonic terms, the present is characterized by high spreading rates and by convergent boundaries of oceanic and continental plates relatively remote from cratonic margins. These probably were the prevailing conditions during times of oscillatory cratonic behavior. Emergent cratons, by historical analysis, appear to be related to quiescent episodes at continental margins, possibly reflecting spreading-rate minima. Submergent cratons would seem to coincide with times of active plate convergence involving oceanic margins of cratons expressed by obduction and subduction at such margins. Differences in cratonal tectonic habit may represent responses to either or both time-variable factors in continent-margin tectonics: variation in lateral stress transmitted to cratons from their margins, and variation in thickness, and thus in flexural rigidity of the continental lithosphere. End_of_Article - Last_Page 805------------
Detecting low levels of transuranics with electron energy loss spectroscopy

With the second difference electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique, transuranic (TRU) and rare-earth (RE) elements have been detected at low concentration levels (< 200 ppm) in alteration phases formed during the laboratory corrosion of nuclear waste glass. Use of the high-energy M4,5 edges to detect TRU elements is the only method available to positively identify them because the weaker lower-energy N4,5 edges overlap with the more intense M4,5 edges of the trace levels of REs that may be present in the same alteration phases. The position and intensity of the M4,5 absorption edges of the TRU were confirmed with samples of transuranic contaminated soils and data from the literature. The M4 : M5 ratio for the actinide absorption edges was used, in combination with crystal chemical considerations to determine chemical state.
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Mediates Apolipoprotein E Inhibition of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration

This research was undertaken to identify the cell surface receptor responsible for mediating apolipoprotein E (apoE) inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-directed smooth muscle cell migration. Initial studies revealed the expression of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL), and apoE receptor-2 in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells isolated from LDLR-null, VLDL-null, and apoE receptor-2-null mice were responsive to apoE inhibition of PDGF-directed smooth muscle cell migration, suggesting that these receptors were not involved. An antisense RNA expression knockdown strategy, utilizing morpholino antisense RNA against LRP, was used to reduce LRP expression in smooth muscle cells to assess the role of this receptor in apoE inhibition of cell migration. Results showed that apoE was unable to inhibit PDGF-directed migration of LRP-deficient smooth muscle cells. The role of LRP in mediating apoE inhibition of PDGF-directed smooth muscle cell migration was confirmed by experiments showing that antibodies against LRP effectively suppressed apoE inhibition of PDGF-directed smooth muscle cell migration. Taken together, these results document that apoE binding to LRP is required for its inhibition of PDGF-directed smooth muscle cell migration.
Influence of pH, temperature and sediment type on the toxicity, accumulation and degradation of parathion in aquatic systems

The effects of pH, temperature, and sediment on the toxicity and aquatic fate of parathion were investigated. Acute toxicity tests, accumulation and metabolism studies were conducted with midge larvae, Chironomus riparius, at pH values 4, 6, and 8 in water held at 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C, with and without sediment. Abiotic tests were also performed to determine the fate of parathion under various substrate conditions. Without exception, temperature was the most influential parameter tested. It altered both the toxicity and metabolism of parathion, at times increasing toxicity as much as 100-fold when the temperature increased from 10°C to 30°C. Sediment also influenced parathion toxicity and degradation, although to a lesser extent than temperature. Changes in pH had little influence on parathion toxicity or degradation. The results of these studies further emphasize the importance of abiotic factors on the environmental fate of xenobiotics.
Electrophoresis of Elasmobranch Serum Proteins with Cellulose Acetate

Abstract The blood serum proteins of five species of elasmobranchs were investigated using electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of these five shark species with humans, using blood serum protein patterns, have not been reported previously and may contribute to vertebrate comparative hematology. Migration rates and protein patterns were compared with those of human blood serum. Species differences among the five shark species exist in terms of the number of protein components present, their migration rates, and relative amounts. Serum albumins in the sharks were present in very small amounts, compared to human blood serum, and all shark sera contained one protein fraction which moved toward the cathode electrode.
Infection of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) with Myxovirus parainfluenza-3 and Other Respiratory Viruses. Results of Serologic Tests and Culture of Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue

Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests of serum samples from 51 bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and 4 bighorn-domestic hybrid sheep from Wyoming and Montana revealed bovine myxovirus parainfluenza-3 antibody titers of 1:20 or greater in 6 animals. The serums of two bighorns with pneumonia were negative for neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus and the serums of 9 animals failed to show significant titers against 2 strains of human Asian influenza virus. Tissue cultures of nasal swabs and lung tissue were negative for cytopathogenic effects and hemadsorption.