cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A prospective evaluation of the relationships between smoking dosage and body mass index in an adolescent, biracial cohort.

Although there is clearly an inverse relationship between smoking and body weight, recent studies suggest that weight attenuation via smoking is slow and may take decades to accrue. This investigation prospectively evaluated the relationships between smoking dosage (or lack thereof) and relative weight change in 1697 adolescents followed over 4 years. A 4 (smoking groups: 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more years of smoking exposure)×2 (ethnicity: Caucasian or African American)×2 (gender: male or female) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to assess weight gain attenuation associated with increasing exposure to smoking. The overall results revealed a significant three-way interaction between smoking dosage, gender, and ethnicity. Specifically, smoking initiation was associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI) for 2 years after initiation. For those youth smoking 3 or more years, body weights were almost identical compared to never-smokers. No significant reductions in body weight were observed in any gender or ethnic group for up to 3 years after smoking initiation. It is concluded that smoking initiation is not associated with adolescent body weight change for at least a 3-year period.
Kinetic and spectral descriptions of polarized atomic radiative emission from plasmas

Abstract A reduced-density-matrix description has been developed for the investigation of polarized radiative emission during single-photon transitions from bound and autoionizing states of ionized atomic systems in the presence of a general arrangement of static (or quasi-static) electric and magnetic fields. Particular emphasis has been given to excitation of the atomic states by electrons with an anisotropic velocity distribution, which can be produced in an electron–ion beam experiment or in a non-equilibrium plasma environment. It is desirable to consider the coherent excitation of a particular subspace of the atomic bound or autoionizing states, which can occur as a result of sufficiently intense electromagnetic interactions. A general expression for the matrix elements of the detected-photon density operator provides a unified framework for the analysis of the spectral intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the Stark–Zeeman patterns. From a unified development of time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations of the reduced-density-matrix approach, the non-equilibrium atomic-state kinetics and the homogeneous spectral-line shapes are self-consistently described.
Boundary effects and spin waves in spin-polarized quantum gases

Boundary conditions are derived for spin dynamics of spin-polarized quantum gases near nonmagnetic walls. We are interested mostly in boundary-induced line shifts and attenuation of spin waves, and in the possibility of having a macroscopic boundary condition for systems close to a Knudsen ballistic regime. We consider the effects caused by roughness of the wall and by surface adsorption. By a proper coordinate transformation, we reduce the problem of particle collisions with an inhomogeneous nonmagnetic wall to an equivalent problem with a specular homogeneous wall but with stochastic bulk imperfections. As a result, the boundary effects are described by some additional bulklike transverse spin-diffusion coefficient inversely proportional to the angular harmonics of the correlation function of surface inhomogeneities. This leads to an effective macroscopiclike boundary condition for transverse spin dynamics responsible for the boundary effects in spin-wave resonances. The situation changes drastically at low temperatures because of an appearance of an adsorbed boundary layer which renormalizes the molecular field near the wall, and leads to additional effective spin-exchange processes. The experimental implications for helium and hydrogen systems are discussed.
Novel mechanism causing restricted fetal growth: does maternal homocysteine impair placental amino acid transport?

Determining the physiological mechanisms regulating fetal growth is critical for a better understanding of normal fetal development and the pathophysiology of abnormal fetal growth. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs when the fetus fails to reach its genetically determined growth potential. IUGR babies have a markedly increased perinatal morbidity, higher incidence of neuro-developmental impairment and increased risk of adult disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Hales et al. 1991; Barker et al. 1993). The primary determinant of fetal growth is the availability of nutrients, which is directly dependent on the transport functions of the placenta. The aetiology of human IUGR is complex, but a common theme in many cases of IUGR is an impaired placental nutrient transport. In a recent issue of The Journal of Physiology, Tsitsiou et al. (2009) reported experimental evidence for a novel mechanism by which placental amino acid transport may be reduced by elevated maternal homocysteine levels leading to IUGR.
Iridescence in an aircraft contrail

The available diffraction-corona theory for the interpretation of the cloud iridescence phenomenon is reviewed and applied to photographic observations of an iridescent contrail. It is concluded that the simple-diffraction theory qualitatively explains the occurrence of corona and iridescence under the cloud microphysical conditions with which these phenomena are typically associated, and that the theoretical predictions of cloud droplet diameters of 1–3 μm during initial contrail formation appear to be reasonable for a highly supersaturated environment. However, additional Mie theory simulations utilizing narrow droplet size distributions should be performed to assess the impact of anomalous diffraction in realistic cloud compositions in order that iridescence observations may be more precisely interpreted for cloud microphysical studies.
Normal endometrial cells in Papanicolaou smears: prevalence in women with and without endometrial disease.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether the prevalence of normal endometrial cells in Papanicolaou smears of women with and those without endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia differs significantly. Methods: Papanicolaou smears of women with biopsy-proved endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed for the presence of normal endometrial cells. Chi-square and a power analysis were used to compare these smears with results of smears from women older than 35 years of age with tissue diagnoses other than hyperplasia or carcinoma. All Papanicolaou smears obtained within the 5 years before endometrial sampling were reviewed. Each patient had at least one smear done within the previous 12 months. Clinical information was available for all patients. Results: Of the 201 women in whom endometrial hyperplasia ( n = 103) or carcinoma ( n = 98) was diagnosed, 4 (2%) had normal endometrial cells in otherwise negative Papanicolaou smears. Of the 289 women in the comparison group, 15 (5%) had normal endometrial cells in their Papanicolaou smears. The prevalence of normal endometrial cells did not differ significantly between the two groups ( P = .071). The study had 80% power to detect a 5% or greater difference between groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of normal endometrial cells in Papanicolaou smears of women with endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia does not significantly differ from that in women without these conditions. Reporting normal endometrial cells in Papanicolaou smears according to the recommendations of the Bethesda System may lead to unnecessary procedures and patient anxiety.
Structural basis of peptide binding and presentation by the type I diabetes-associated MHC class II molecule of NOD mice.

Abstract We have determined the crystal structure of I-A g7 , an integral component in murine type I diabetes development. Several features distinguish I-A g7 from other non-autoimmune-associated MHC class II molecules, including novel peptide and heterodimer pairing interactions. The binding groove of I-A g7 is unusual at both terminal ends, with a potentially solvent-exposed channel at the base of the P1 pocket and a widened entrance to the P9 pocket. Peptide binding studies with variants of the hen egg lysozyme I-A g7 epitope HEL(11–25) support a comprehensive structure-based I-A g7 binding motif. Residues critical for T cell recognition were investigated with a panel of HEL(11–25)-restricted clones, which uncovered P1 anchor–dependent structural variations. These results establish a framework for future experiments directed at understanding the role of I-A g7 in autoimmunity.
Central receptor binding and cardiovascular effects of GABA analogues in the cat.

Abstract 1. 1. Several structural analogues of GABA were shown to be inhibitors of GABA A receptor binding in membranes from cat cerebral cortex. 2. 2. These compounds were 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (APS; IC 50 = 0.04 μ M), imidazoleacetic acid (IMA; IC 50 = 0.4 μ M), morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS; IC 50 = 1.6 μ M), 5-phenylpyrrolepropionic acid (PPP; IC 50 = 15 μ M), aminoethanethiosulfonic acid (AETS; IC 50 = 22 μ M), 3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid (APP; IC 50 = 35 μ M), meta-aminobenzoic acid (MABA; IC 50 = 58 μ M) and urocanic acid (UCA; IC 50 = 354 μ M). The IC 50 value for GABA was 0.03 μM. 3. 3. GABA, PPP, AETS, MABA and UCA were previously shown to reduce arterial pressure in the cat after intracerebroventricular infusion. 4. 4. In the present study MOPS (ED 50 = 0.26 nmol/kg), APS (ED 50 = 4.7 nmol/kg), APP (ED 50 = 49 nmol/kg), and IMA (ED 50 = 350 nmol/kg) were also found to be able to decrease blood pressure when infused into the fourth ventricle. 5. 5. All nine compounds reduced blood pressure to the same extent, but in some cases their relative potencies (ED 50 values) exhibited significant differences. 6. 6. When the IC 50 values for receptor binding were plotted against the ED 50 values for the cardiovascular effects, no significant correlation emerged. 7. 7. This lack of a correlation does not necessarily imply that the reductions in blood pressure elicited by the drugs are not related to an activation of central GABA A receptors. 8. 8. Instead, it highlights the difficulties that are sometimes encountered in attempting to obtain quantitative measurements after intracerebroventricular infusion.
Partitions and sums of integers with repetition

A partition of N is called “admissible” provided some cell has arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of even integers in a fixed increment. The principal result is that the statement “Whenever {Ai}i < r is an admissible partition of N, there are some i < r and some sequence 〈xn〉n < ω of distinct members of N such that xn + xm ϵ Ai whenever {m, n} ⊆ ω″ is true when r = 2 and false when r ⩾ 3.
Seton management of complex anorectal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease.

Anorectal fistulas associated with Crohn's disease are difficult to manage, particularly when the rectum is diseased. Significant morbidity has been associated with both medical and surgical therapy. Although conventional therapy is acceptable in the management of simple fistulas in Crohn's disease, these approaches often exacerbate rather than ameliorate problems in patients with complex fistulas. The authors report ten cases of complex fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease managed with their technique of long-term, indwelling setons. These setons are placed through the fistula tract and tied loosely to maintain the patency of the fistula without cutting through the sphincters. At the time of insertion, although abscesses are incised and drained, no attempt is made to divide the superficial tissues or sphincter overlying the fistulous tract. The patients ranged in age from 23 to 81 years and had a history of Crohn's disease for 1 to 20 years. All cases resulted in excellent palliation. No patient required a proximal colostomy. These patients have been followed for four months to seven years. Despite severe proctitis in six of these patients at the initial operation, no patient has required a proctectomy. The authors believe this technique achieves adequate palliation and should be employed as the procedure of choice in patients with complex anal fistulas associated with Crohn's disease.
Elevation of plasma corticosterone by swim stress and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in control and fluoxetine-pretreated rats.

Fluoxetine, a drug that inhibits serotonin inactivation by reuptake from the synaptic cleft and thereby enhances serotonin nerve function, was used to study the possible role of serotonin neurons in the activation of the pituitary-adrenal system of rats by swim stress or insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Fluoxetine pretreatment enhanced the elevation of plasma corticosterone produced by injection of L-5-hydroxytryptophan but did not significantly alter the elevation of plasma corticosterone by swim stress or by insulin-induced hypoglycemia, even when the stimulus was shown to be submaximal. The results suggest that serotonin neural pathways postulated to stimulate ACTH secretion are riot involved in the activation of adrenocortical function by these stimuli.
Electronic Interactions and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Covalently Linked Porphyrin−C60(pyridine) Diads and Supramolecular Triads Formed by Self-Assembling the Diads and Zinc Porphyrin

Supramolecular triads of the type (donor-1)−acceptor:(donor-2) composed of free-base porphyrin, fullerene, and zinc porphyrin, have been formed by a “covalent-coordinate” approach. Toward this, two diads, namely, 5-(3‘-(2‘ ‘-(3‘ ‘‘ or 4‘ ‘‘-pyridyl)fulleropyrrolidinyl-N)ethoxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, bearing C60 as acceptor and free-base porphyrin, H2P, as donor were first synthesized. The diads and self-assembled supramolecular triads, which were formed by coordinating the pyridine group located on the diads to zinc tetraphenylporphyrin, ZnP, have been characterized by semiempirical PM3, electrochemistry, and steady-state and time-revolved spectroscopic techniques. Subpicosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectral studies of diads revealed the occurrence of the electron transfer from the H2P moiety to the C60 entity via the excited singlet state of H2P. Clear evidence for the formation of triads in o-dichlorobenzene was obtained from the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence me...
Characterization of sub-genomic double-stranded RNAs from virus-infected plants

Abstract Double-stranded RNAs (sub-RFs) smaller than the double-stranded RNAs (RFs) corresponding to genomic RNAs of tobacco mosaic (TMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle (CCMV) viruses were isolated from infected plants and characterized. Seven of the 12 sub-RFs of TMV that were found ranging in size from 3.00 – 0.42 × 106 daltons corresponded to twice the size of the 7 sub-genomic mRNAs reported by Goelet and Karn (8). Six sub-RFs of CCMV were found ranging from 0.98 – 0.39 × 106 daltons with the most abundant species corresponding to twice the size of RNA 4. The kinetics of incorporation of 3H-uridine into sub-RFs were different from that into RFs. Incorporation into sub-RFs was slow and linear whereas that into RF turned over rapidly.
Recognition and selection of idioms for code optimization

Idioms are frequently occurring expressions that programmers use for logically primitive operations for which no primitive construct is available in the language. For example, in ALGOL-60 the expression abs(X ? X ÷ 2 × 2) is idiomatic for parity of X. With optimization as a motive, two problems, idiom recognition and selection, are defined. Recognition is solved in O(n log n) time (worst case), O(n) time (average case) on a uniform cost RAM. Selection is solved in O(n) time. Ambiguity is solved in O(n 2) time and is related to resolution theorem proving.
Solubility of parathion in orange leaf wax

The solubility of parathion in orange leaf wax at 25°C is therefore 0.5 g/g of wax, which is equivalent to approximately a 30% solution. This high solubility and previously demonstrated in-wax-solution stability clearly demonstrate that citrus leaf waxes may be an important factor in citrus picker “reentry safety.”
Selective multivariate analysis of blood glucose with near infrared spectra

Optical properties of whole bovine blood are examined under conditions of different glucose loadings. Partial least-squares (PLS) is used to compute calibration models for glucose from spectra collected over the combination spectral region (5000 - 4000 cm- 1) and first overtone - short wavelength spectral regions (9000 - 5400 cm-1). These models achieve a prediction accuracy of approximately 1mM. Calibration models built for specific glucose absorption regions perform better than models generated strictly from the short wavelength region in which light scattering effects dominate. Net analyte signal (NAS) analysis is employed to investigate the spectral information that forms the basis for the models. The NAS reveals the portion of the glucose spectrum that is orthogonal to the spectral variance induced by the blood matrix. To investigate the selectivity of the spectral measurements, the glucose NAS is compared to residual absorbance spectra formed after subtraction of the non-glucose variance (estimated by application of principal component analysis to a set of blood samples with endogenous glucose concentrations). A match between the NAS and the residual spectra reveals that direct information associated with absorption of light by the glucose molecule is present in the measured data. A similar comparison is made with the regression vector associated with the PLS model. A match between the NAS and regression vector confirms that the correlations encoded in the calibration model do, in fact, arise from glucose absorption information. The results obtained through this work demonstrate that NAS analysis is a valuable tool for use in investigating the selectivity of multivariate calibration models.
Cost-effectiveness of private umbilical cord blood banking.

Bone marrow transplant is the preferred method of treatment in almost all clinical situations, but survival rates using umbilical cord blood stem cell transplant could theoretically be equivalent. A large number of private companies in the United States now market storage of umbilical cord blood directly to consumers, contending that banking such blood for future transplant provides a "biologic insurance" for unborn children. The results of 2 recent surveys clearly demonstrate the rare use of privately banked cord blood. The first reported that only about 100 of the approximately 460,000 privately banked cord blood units had been shipped for transplantation. The second reported that privately banked cord blood was used in the United States and Canada for only 9 autologous and 41 allogenic transplants. Because of the rare need, professional medical organizations have recommended against the use of private umbilical cord blood banking unless there is a clear requirement based on a known disease in a family member. This study was designed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of private umbilical cord blood banking. Using a decision-analytic model, a number of baseline assumptions were made: (1) Cord blood was presumed to be collected and stored for 20 years at a cost of $3620, (2) There was a 0.04% chance of requiring an autologous stem cell transplant and a 0.07% chance of a sibling requiring an allogenic stem cell transplant, and (3) a 50% reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease for a sibling using banked umbilical cord blood. Base case analysis showed that private cord blood banking was not cost-effective in comparison with no cord blood banking because it cost an additional $1,374,246 per life-year gained. The gain in life years obtained by use of private umbilical cord blood banking was 0.0026 life years (29.9848 years at a cost of $3620 for private banking compared with 29.9822 years at a cost of $0 for no private cord blood banking). Private cord blood banking became cost-effective in a one-way sensitivity analysis only when the likelihood of a child requiring an autologous stem cell transplant exceeded 1 in 110, the likelihood of a sibling requiring an allogenic stem cell transplant rose to 1 in 43, or the cost of umbilical cord blood banking was reduced to $262 (about 7% of baseline). Many parents appear to overestimate the likelihood of the need for privately banked umbilical cord blood. Those considering this intervention should be informed of the remote possibility that cord blood will be used for a child in their family.
Eating attitudes and behaviors in adolescent women: Discrimination of normals, dieters, and suspected bulimics using the eating attitudes test and eating disorder inventory

The prevalence of eating disorders has increased in teenage and young adult women. Since early treatment of eating disorders is thought to lead to improved outcomes, the development of an effective self-report screening device for eating disorders in adolescents could help reduce morbidity from these illnesses. In order to examine the feasibility of developing such an instrument, eating attitudes and behaviors were studied in a sample of 72 female adolescents, using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and blinded structured clinical interviews focused on eating disorders. Scores on the EAT and EDI were similar to scores of older normal female comparison groups in other studies. Based upon interview information, 54 subjects were classified as normal, 9 as dieters, 8 as suspected bulimics, and 1 as bulimic. Subjects, on average, accurately reported their actual weight and height. The results of the interviews indicated that 25% of the 72 subjects were currently dieting, 60% regularly skipped meals, 35% said they were overweight or very overweight, 22% were binge eaters, 8% vomited after eating, and 4% used drugs to lose weight. Linear discriminant analysis was used to compare the results of the questionnaires with that of the interviews in order to identify a composite set of questionnaire items to be used as a screening device for individuals with clinical eating disorders and for those at high risk of developing such disorders. A preliminary equation was obtained that correctly classified 86% of subjects into categories of normal, dieter, or suspected bulimic that were determined from the interviews. These preliminary data suggest that adolescents' scores on the EAT and the EDI are similar to young adult women's scores, and also that further refinement of a discriminant equation might lead to the development of an effective screening device for eating disorders in adolescents.
LI. Some applications of the electron theory of matter

(1912). LI. Some applications of the electron theory of matter. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 23, No. 136, pp. 594-627.
Office-based laser laryngeal surgery

Office-based laryngeal procedures have returned to popularity driven by technological advances, convenience, patient preference, and economic factors. The pulsed dye laser and the pulsed potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser are photoangiolytic lasers that are well suited for treatment of laryngeal pathologies such as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, dysplasia, and vascular lesions. The advancement of distal-chip nasolaryngoscopes and lasers allows safe, effective, and cost-saving treatment of these laryngeal pathologies in the office setting. This article describes the author's method for performing office-based laryngeal surgery with angiolytic lasers.
Modelling wrist-twisting strength of the elderly.

This paper presents a biomechanical model of wrist-twisting strength and uses it to explain maximum voluntary contractile (MVC) counter-clockwise torque and force generated by elderly subjects in attempting to unscrew rough and smooth circular screw-type container lids of diameters 31, 55, 74 and 113 mm. Forty-two subjects, aged 60-97 years, were tested. The results indicated-that for-commercially available lids, torque-diameter relationship was linear up to a certain lid size (diameter), and non-linear, with a decreasing trend, beyond that size. The non-linearity was different for lids with rough and smooth grip surface. An optimal diameter for smooth lids has been proposed. For both types of grip surfaces, force magnitudes were similar up to 74 mm. Beyond this diameter the effects of surface finish were manifested. This was explained by the relationship between hand size and type of grip used at the various diameters. Implications of these results for lid design are discussed. Regression models are also...
Collaborative Community Hydrology Research in Northern New Mexico

In New Mexico, increasing demand for water, combined with limited supplies and periodic drought, is placing additional stress on traditional acequia communities. Research on the hydrology of acequia agriculture in northern New Mexico has been carried out in three communities and their associated watersheds and irrigated valleys. Critical to the effort has been the participation of the acequias and individual farmers, ranchers, and other community member stakeholders. Participation in hydrology research included assistance in altering flows in acequias, and access to private property and wells, critical to obtain ground and surface water measurements. Further research that integrated hydrologic data with ecosystem, land-use, economics, and sociocultural data, via development of a system dynamics model, required community member participation through surveys, interviews, and workshops to develop, calibrate and refine the model.
Challenges of chip-to-package interaction for 22nm technology with ultra low k and Pb-free interconnects

A review of the chip-to-package interaction (CPI) results during the development and qualification of IBM's 22SOI high performance technology will be presented. Initial results and failure modes using ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric BEOL during the early development phase are shown. The fail modes include BEOL cracking under solder pads due to ULK formulations, from both planned material formulations and material properties related to tool excursion events, and leakage failures under high temperature, bias, and moisture attributed to incomplete formation of die edge seal. Full qualification data on a final robust process showing excellent CPI performance for this technology node are presented.
Stereoscopic depth perception at far viewing distances

There has been some controversy as to whether stereoscopic depth constancy can operate at distances greater than a few meters. In the experiments reported here, observers judged the apparent depth in stereoscopic afterimages with crossed retinal disparity as fixation distance was changed. Apparent depth increased with increased fixation distance in accord with the geometry of retinal disparity. The results are discussed with reference to the perception of apparent distance.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of blood group A antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure antibody to human blood group A utilizing porcine substance A as the coating antigen. The anti-A ELISA assay was compared to the Coombs antiglobulin test using anti-A containing samples of intravenous immune globulin. ELISA assay results were more reproducible and demonstrated greater precision than Coombs assay results. The correlation between ELISA and Coombs potencies is highly significant in the case of dilutions within one lot but not for different lots at a fixed dilution. The ELISA precision as well as the ability to produce test values in a linear progression rather than the doubling dilution system of the Coombs assay provides the potential for sensitive studies involving anti-A.
Chapter 9: Benign sinonasal neoplasms

Benign sinonasal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that present with similar symptoms including nasal obstruction, anosmia, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis. The proper workup and accurate diagnosis is essential for these tumors so that the appropriate treatment plan can be established. In this article of benign sinonasal neoplasms, we discuss their typical clinical presentation, histological and radiographic findings, and treatment options.
Dual effects of pertussis toxin on murine neutrophils in vivo. I. Pertussis toxin inhibits extravasation potential of mature neutrophils while simultaneously stimulating granulopoiesis.

Pertussis toxin (Ptx) has been employed as an adjuvant by many investigators to augment various types of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Recent work from our laboratory indicates that the exacerbation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and contact hypersensitivity (CH) responses observed in Ptxtreated mice may be mediated by an absolute increase in the number of circulating neutrophils capable of migrating into tissue sites of antigen challenge. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of Ptx on neutrophils and neutrophil function in vivo. Evidence is presented here suggesting that Ptx has both direct and indirect effects on neutrophils following its in vivo administration to normal mice. Mature neutrophils that are directly exposed to the actions of Ptx in vivo exhibit a marked reduction in their ability to extravasate into tissue sites of inflammation. These findings are consistent with those that have been reported following the exposure of isolated neutrophils to the effects of Ptx in vitro (i.e., that Ptx has an inhibitory effect on many of the functional capabilities of isolated neutrophils). Moreover, we have also determined that Ptx can affect the kinetics of neutrophil production indirectly through its ability to stimulate granulopoiesis. Ptx-exposed mice develop a protracted peripheral blood neutrophilia following toxin administration. Although the mechanism(s) involved in stimulating increased neutrophil production is presently unclear, both dexamethasone and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitors) are able to function synergistically with Ptx to produce a markedly enhanced neutrophilia in exposed mice. We propose that the capacity of Ptx to augment CH and DTH responses and act as a potent adjuvant may relate, in part, to its ability to alter the rate of neutrophil production in vivo.
Home and Away: The Tensions of Community, Literacy, and Identity

For many students there are differences between the discourses they have learned in their families and communities and the discourses that dominate literacy education. Shaped by cultural forces such as class or ethnicity, some of these differences are significant while others may be subtler. If literacy is more than just decoding marks on a page, if it is shaped by culture and context, then the cultures and contexts we inhabit in our lives outside the classroom will necessarily influence the way we approach literacy practices in school. Sometimes, however, the home and community discourses and literacies run counter to institutional norms in ways that cause conflicts for the student, teacher, family, and community. In this column, the author discusses how teachers often struggle with how to reconcile such conflicts in ways that are constructive and ethical, respecting students' community and home identities yet teaching them the literacies that provide cultural capital in school and beyond.
WAMS based power grid disturbance recognition and system response assessment

Rational operation mode and efficient fault disposing is essential to power system security. Aimed to optimize power grid operation mode and improve scheduling real-time monitoring capabilities, this paper proposes a WAMS-based grid disturbance monitoring, analysis, evaluation, storage and off-line study framework. When a grid disturbance occurs, besides the principal features of the fault itself, the post-fault topology, power flow and security margin changes is also required. And it's also important to evaluate the action response of generator governor system and other secondary equipment in power system. In addition, to achieve integrated management of power disturbances is helpful to off-line research and replay.
Essential Binding and Functional Domains of Human Bleomycin Hydrolase

Bleomycin hydrolase (BH) is unusual among cysteine proteinases because it appears to form multihomomeric structures, inactivates the antitumor glycopeptide bleomycin, and contains a unique C-termin...
Protein densities from X-ray crystallographic coordinates

DENSITIES of the interiors of nine protein molecules were calculated using atomic coordinates obtained by X-ray crystallography. The resulting values, obtained for spherical regions of the molecules surrounding their centres of mass, are 10–25% below the apparent densities of the same molecules in solution. These regions include 20–50% of the total molecular mass. The densities calculated were 1.09–1.25 g cm−3 whereas the observed apparent solution densities of these proteins are 1.33–1.42 g cm−3.
Hybrid mode calculations for novel photonic crystal fibers

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are quite useful for confining and guiding light with interesting modal properties. The scattering matrix method is used to calculate the higher order modes guided in a PCF. The model is derived from the solution of the boundary condition problem taking into consideration the coupling between the electric and the magnetic fields. Results are presented for novel fibers that allow for only azimuthal modes.
Adaptation of P.D. Thompson's Scheme to the Constraint of Potential vorticity Conservation

Abstract The dynamical adjustment scheme of P.D. Thompson (1969) has been adapted to the two-parameter baroclinic model which has potential vorticity as the constraint. In contrast to Thompson's approach, which used a differential-difference form of the constraint in space-time, the governing equations are discretized. Analyses simulated from analytic functions and analyses derived at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) are used to test the adjustment procedure. The reduction in error variance is related to the characteristics of the analysis error and the consequences of discretization, i.e., truncation error in the constraint and associated Euler–Lagrange equations. The principal results are as follows: 1) Significant reduction in mean square error of vorticity can be accomplished with systematic or random error sources when r = |V| Δt/Δs < 1, where |V| is the geostrophic advection speed, Δt is one-half the time interval between maps, and Δs is the spatial resolution along the steering contours. 2)...
Definitive diagnosis of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation

Abstract A simple and effective technique for accurate identification and localization of extreme lateral disc herniation is presented.
On the stochastic theory of compartments. II. Multi-compartment systems.

A stochastic model is developed for a system of interconnected compartments. The generating function of the random variable of any compartment can be constructed from a flow graph involving the expectations of the random variables of all compartments of the system.
Image quality analysis of a color LCD as well as a monochrome LCD using a Foveon color CMOS camera

We have combined a CMOS color camera with special software to compose a multi-functional image-quality analysis instrument. It functions as a colorimeter as well as measuring modulation transfer functions (MTF) and noise power spectra (NPS). It is presently being expanded to examine fixed-pattern noise and temporal noise. The CMOS camera has 9 μm square pixels and a pixel matrix of 2268 x 1512 x 3. The camera uses a sensor that has co-located pixels for all three primary colors. We have imaged sections of both a color and a monochrome LCD monitor onto the camera sensor with LCD-pixel-size to camera-pixel-size ratios of both 12:1 and 17.6:1. When used as an imaging colorimeter, each camera pixel is calibrated to provide CIE color coordinates and tristimulus values. This capability permits the camera to simultaneously determine chromaticity in different locations on the LCD display. After the color calibration with a CS-200 colorimeter the color coordinates of the display's primaries determined from the camera's luminance response are very close to those found from the CS-200. Only the color coordinates of the display's white point were in error. For calculating the MTF a vertical or horizontal line is displayed on the monitor. The captured image is color-matrix preprocessed, Fourier transformed then post-processed. For NPS, a uniform image is displayed on the monitor. Again, the image is pre-processed, transformed and processed. Our measurements show that the horizontal MTF's of both displays have a larger negative slope than that of the vertical MTF's. This behavior indicates that the horizontal MTF's are poorer than the vertical MTF's. However the modulations at the Nyquist frequency seem lower for the color LCD than for the monochrome LCD. The spatial noise of the color display in both directions is larger than that of the monochrome display. Attempts were also made to analyze the total noise in terms of spatial and temporal noise by applying subtractions of images taken at exactly the same exposure. Temporal noise seems to be significantly lower than spatial noise.
Calculation of BRS cohomology with spectral sequences

A method for finding the general form of the BRS cohomology spaceH for the various gauge and supersymmetry theories is presented. The method is adapted for use in the space of integrated local polynomials of the gauge fields and ghosts with arbitrary numbers of fields and dervivatives. The technique uses the Hodge decomposition in a Fock space with a Euclidean inner product, and combines this with spectral sequences to generate simple and soluble equations whose solutions span a simple spaceE∞ isomorphic to the complicated spaceH. The technique is illustrated for pedagogic purposes by the detailed calculation of the ghost charge zero and one sectors ofH for Yang-Mills theory with gauge groupSO (32) in ten dimensions. The method is appropriate for supersymmetric theories, gravity, supergravity and superstrings where higher order terms with many derivatives occur naturally in the effective action.
Ethylene Requirement for Germination of Partly After-ripened Apple Embryo

The effect and involvement of ethylene in germination of partially after-ripened apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Antonovka) embryos were studied. The requirement of ethylene for germination was shown by the use of a rhizobitoxine analog and 8-hydroxy-quinoline sulphate which are inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis, and by mercuric perchlorate, a trap for endogenously produced ethylene. Excised apple embryos were found to produce progressively greater amounts of ethylene with increasing periods of after-ripening. Inhibition of germination by rhizobitoxine analog or abscisic acid was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene formation in embryos. Thus ethylene appears to be required for the release of dormancy and germination of apple embryos.
Epitaxial growth of (\(11\bar 20\)) ZnO on (\(01\bar 12\)) Al2O3 by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition2) Al2O3 by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

There has been increased interest in high quality ZnO films for use in a diverse range of applications such as in high frequency surface acoustic wave filters, buffer layers for GaN growth, transparent and conductive electrodes, and solid state lasers. In the present paper, ZnO films were epitaxially grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at temperatures in the range 350–450°C. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy results indicate that the ZnO films are epitaxially grown on (\(01\bar 12\)) Al2O3 surface with the (\(11\bar 20\)) plane parallel to the surface. Cross-sectional high resolution-transmission electron microscopy imaging of the as-grown film shows that the interface is semi-coherent and atomically sharp, with misfit dislocations relieving the misfit strain between ZnO and sapphire. In order to check the thermal stability of the as-grown ZnO films, annealing in an O2+N2 ambience at 850°C for 30 min was performed. The annealed films showed improved crystallinity. At the same time, limited reaction between ZnO and sapphire occurred, resulting in the formation of a 15–20 nm thick spinel layer at the interface.
Adsorption of Gases in Metal Organic Materials: Comparison of Simulations and Experiments

Molecular simulations using standard force fields have been carried out to model the adsorption of various light gases on a number of different metal organic framework-type materials. The results have been compared with the available experimental data to test the validity of the model potentials. We observe good agreement between simulations and experiments for a number of different cases and very poor agreement in other cases. Possible reasons for the discrepancy in simulated and measured isotherms are discussed. We predict hydrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 and 298 K in a number of different metal organic framework materials. The importance of quantum diffraction effects and framework charges on the adsorption of hydrogen at 77 K is discussed. Our calculations indicate that at room temperature none of the materials that we have tested is able to meet the requirements for on-board hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles. We have calculated the volume available in a given sorbent at a specified adsorption energy (density of states). We discuss how this density of states can be used to assess the effectiveness of a sorbent material for hydrogen storage.
An Assessment of Journal Quality in Public Administration

Using results from a survey of editors and board members from 39 public administration journals as well the impact factor scores created by ISI Thompson this research develops an integrated assessment of journal quality using both objective and subjective measurement tools. The findings suggest that relying on one ranking approach misses out on several important issues regarding journal quality. In addition, when evaluating outlets for publishing in public administration, there often exists a bias against journals not published in the United States. Finally, the highest-ranked generalist journals are also publishing work that is also applicable to scholars working in various subfields.
A comparison of two forms of self-monitoring in a behavioral weight reduction program

Thirty-seven overweight subjects were recruited for a behavioral weightreduction program incorporating self-monitoring of food intake. Prebehavior monitoring (P.M.) was compared with post-behavioral monitoring (Pt.M.), a nonmonitoring condition (N.M.) and a waiting list control condition (W.L.). The P.M. group lost the most weight, followed by the N.M., Pt.M. and W.L. groups in that order. The P.M. and N.M. groups continued to lose weight after treatment ended. Every subject in the P.M. group lost weight. The Pt.M. group did not differ from the W.L. group at the end of treatment or at follow-up. The parameters of self-monitoring behavior were discussed and suggestions made for research and clinical usage of self-monitoring.
Advances in dental pantomography: The GE-3000

Abstract A new dental panoramic x-ray machine, the GE-3000, represents another step forward in dental pantomography. The fundamental difference between the GE-3000 and earlier machines lies in the movement of the rotational axis of the tube head cassette holder assembly. The ability to change the rotational axis path permits the operator to select the layer for tomographic examination, and preselection of layers through the zygomatic arch, sinuses, and other structures is now feasible.
A theoretical perspective on “fear” as an organizational motivator for initiating public relations activities

Abstract This exploratory study identifies the correlation between perceived fear and the public relations activities of an organization. A survey of forty public relations professionals in Florida confirms that fear is a critical causal factor that motivates an organization to initiate or undertake public relations activities. The effect of fear on the public relations activities of an organization differed by public relations area. In addition, there was a gap between perception and actual public relations activities. Crisis and issues management were the areas most affected by perception, but in application media relations was the most practiced.
Abstract A16: Role of Hsp90alpha-1, a splice variant of Hsp90alpha, in cancer

Molecular chaperone complexes, such as heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones, are essential for folding nascent polypeptides into their biologically active structures and for the refolding of aggregated and denatured proteins that occur upon cellular stress including cancer. Hsp90 exists as four isoforms in humans. Among them, Hsp90alpha is induced under stressful conditions, detected in the cytoplasm, nucleus and is secreted into extracellular space under metastatic conditions. Hsp90alpha is phosphorylated by DNA-PK at the nucleus under apoptotic conditions and localizes at the edge of the nucleus. Intrigued by the fact that Hsp90alpha might play a role in metastasis as well as in stress resistance, the mechanism of action of Hsp90alpha was investigated. Here we report that Hsp90alpha-1, a splice variant of Hsp90alpha, is up-regulated in cancer cells, predominantly associates with co-chaperone Aha1 in-vivo at the filopodia like extrusion of cell. The Hsp90alpha-1/Aha1 complex was partially disrupted by C- terminal inhibitors in-vivo conditions; and Hsp90alpha-1 and Aha1 redistributed to the cytoplasm from the filopodia following the treatment with the C- terminal inhibitors. Gene knock down analysis reveals that several P-Akt pathway and MAP Kinase pathway proteins were Hsp90alpha-1 dependent. P-Akt also co-localized with the Hsp90alpha-1/Aha1 complex at the filopodia region and suggests that Hsp90alpha-1 plays critical role in maturing/folding proteins that are important for establishing and maintaining cell polarity which is perturbed by the C- terminal inhibitors. Under apoptotic conditions the Hsp90alpha-1/Aha1 complex is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus and Hsp90alpha-1 is phosphorylated. Survivin, being a Hsp90alpha-1 dependent client protein, binds with the Hsp90alpha-1/Aha1 complex at normal and apoptotic conditions confirms that Survivin play dual role in mediating metastases as well as an Inhibitor of Apoptotic Protein (IAP). Citation Format: Suman Ghosh, Laura B. Peterson, George Vielhauer, Brian S. J Blagg. Role of Hsp90alpha-1, a splice variant of Hsp90alpha, in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A16.