cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating behavior of a GA-based topology control for self-spreading nodes in MANETs

This paper presents a dynamical system model for FGA, a force-based genetic algorithm, which is used as decentralized topology control mechanism among active running software agents to achieve a uniform spread of autonomous mobile nodes over an unknown geographical area. Using only local information, FGA guides each node to select a fitter location, speed and direction among exponentially large number of choices, converging towards a uniform node distribution. By treating a genetic algorithm (GA) as a dynamical system we can analyze it in terms of its trajectory in the space of possible populations. We use Vose's theoretical model to calculate the cumulative effects of GA operators of selection, mutation, and crossover as a population evolves through generations. We show that FGA converges toward a significantly higher area coverage as it evolves.
Can a computer "see" the beating heart from "Snow-storm" images

How to deal with variations of image contents, which contributes to uncertainty about shapes, locations, and boundaries of objects of interest in the image, is one of key issues in solving real-world image analysis and processing problems. A method is presented to automatically identify the target objects from images, with variations, low contrast, low resolution, and low signal-to-noise ratio, for tracking, quantitatively measurement, and diagnosis.
Erythropoietin and Oxidative Stress

Unmitigated oxidative stress can lead to diminished cellular longevity, accelerated aging, and accumulated toxic effects for an organism. Current investigations further suggest the significant disadvantages that can occur with cellular oxidative stress that can lead to clinical disability in a number of disorders, such as myocardial infarction, dementia, stroke, and diabetes. New therapeutic strategies are therefore sought that can be directed toward ameliorating the toxic effects of oxidative stress. Here we discuss the exciting potential of the growth factor and cytokine erythropoietin for the treatment of diseases such as cardiac ischemia, vascular injury, neurodegeneration, and diabetes through the modulation of cellular oxidative stress. Erythropoietin controls a variety of signal transduction pathways during oxidative stress that can involve Janus-tyrosine kinase 2, protein kinase B, signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways, Wnt proteins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, caspases, and nuclear factor κB. Yet, the biological effects of erythropoietin may not always be beneficial and may be poor tolerated in a number of clinical scenarios, necessitating further basic and clinical investigations that emphasize the elucidation of the signal transduction pathways controlled by erythropoietin to direct both successful and safe clinical care.
Correlation dimension estimates of global and local temperature data

Abstract The author has attempted to detect the presence of low-dimensional deterministic chaos in temperature data by estimating the correlation dimension with the Hill estimate that has been recently developed by Mikosch and Wang. There is no convincing evidence of low dimensionality with either global dataset (Southern Hemisphere monthly average temperatures from 1858 to 1984) or local temperature dataset (daily minimums at Auckland, New Zealand). Any apparent reduction in the dimension estimates appears to be due large1y, if not entirely, to effects of statistical bias, but neither is it a purely random stochastic process. The dimension of the climatic attractor may be significantly larger than 10.
Scurrilous Jests and Retaliatory Abuse in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida

With its unexpected and relentless staging of verbal rather than physical violence, Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida reveals a deep engagement with late-Tudor conflicts over the appropriate uses of satiric discourse in the public field. In particular, the play reimagines the aggressive response of magistrates who seek to control and recast various species of abusive language, thereby politicizing the “sportive malice” enacted in the subplots of Shakespeare's late comedies. No—where is this official manipulation of satirical voices more insistent—and ultimately destabilizing—than in the libels devised by Ulysses. His repeated attempts to shame the retired warrior Achilles draw on recently popular early modern strategies of confessional escalation and abuse, which the Elizabethan bishops paradoxically promoted through their own polemical efforts to limit the fallout from the Martin Marprelate scandal of 1588–1589. Ultimately, as Ulysses extends the internecine strife initiated by Achilles' “scurril jests,”Troilus and Cressida comes to dispel the notion that such tactics can guarantee compliance with official policy. In the play's fragmentary final act, satire emerges as an especially corruptive source of dissension—the ancients' perverse legacy to an England deeply alarmed by yet fervently committed to verbal violence.
“I’ll Be Like Water” Gender, Class, and Flexible Aspirations at the Edge of India’s Knowledge Economy

This article examines the ways in which ideologies of aspiration, inclusion, and women’s empowerment associated with India’s globalizing knowledge economy are re-framed by young women workers in a small-town business-process outsourcing (BPO) center two hours outside of Bangalore. Drawing on forty in-depth interviews, I show that, in contrast to their managers’ expectations of individualized work aspirations, women workers draw on both individualistic and domestically embedded articulations of the future in a formulation I call “flexible aspirations.” In articulating flexible aspirations, they draw both on the gendered language of neoliberal self-improvement for the global economy and on the nationalist ideal of rural middle-class feminine domesticity. While insisting that the future is uncertain, young women use flexible aspirations as a symbolic resource to distinguish themselves from both old-fashioned village housewives and promiscuous urban call center girls. I briefly compare these flexible aspirati...
Sickening Relationships: Gender-Based Violence, Women’s Health, and the Role of Informal Third Parties

Over the last two decades, two trends have emerged that highlight the relational and communal dimensions of health and well-being. The Ottawa Charter of 1986 proposed a model of health that encompasses personal, social, and environmental well-being and emphasizes the role of communities in creating healthy living conditions. In a parallel development, battered women’s advocates identified violence against women as a major health issue, and situated effective interventions within coordinated community response strategies. Both trends point to the significance of social networks and a wide range of social and personal relationships in the promotion of women’s health and well-being.
Survival of stream dewatering by Postelichus immsi (Hinton) (Coleoptera Byrrhoidea: Dryopidae)

Aquatic byrrhoid beetles are among the most aquatic of beetles. After terrestrial pupation and a brief dispersal flight, the adults enter the water, usually never to leave it again. Aquatic respiration is accomplished using a plastron, or dense network of setae, that retains a bubble. While the plastron functions well for aquatic respiration in flowing water, it does not function well in still water and, for some unknown reason adults that are removed from water often die quickly. Even when shortly returned to water, they commonly die within an hour (unpublished data; White 1978). As currently known, the genus Postelichus is composed of six described and one undescribed species. Its range extends from the southwestern United States of America through Mexico. It is typically a desert inhabitant and can be the dominant macroinvertebrate in desert streams, often with remarkably high numbers. As with many others who study aquatic byrrhoids I have assumed that all species needed permanent water, and likewise that finding them in a stream is an indicator of the stream’s permanence. However, some cases have argued against the need for constant water (Brown 1987). While working in Arizona in July 2007, with Doug Post, another aquatic beetle specialist, I discovered another such case. The location was: Arizona: Yavapai Co.; Bloody Basin; Tangle Creek (34u08.7669 N, 111u47.7759 W). When we first drove to Tangle Creek it was dried up as far as we could see except for one pool in the shade of a tree. Finding aquatic byrrhoids absent in the
Archenteric origin of midgut lumen in amphibia

Abstract Evidence cited in five recent papers that the amphibian midgut is a neoformation, not derived from the archenteron, has been reexamined, but not confirmed, in a urodele, Ambystoma maculatum, and an anuran, Rana pipiens. In both these species the archenteric section of the midgut closes during tailbud stages but subsequently opens up along the same line. Carmine particles injected into the archenteric midgut are later found free in the lumen of the definitive midgut. The presumed discontinuity of the duodenum with the old midgut and its secondary juncture with the supposed new one does not occur in either species. “Polar endoderm cells,” traced by means of vital dye, seem not to have any role in establishing a new midgut passage in Ambystoma or Rana. They remain in place beyond the hatching stage, and then are probably dislodged and digested like other interior cells of the yolky intestine. Fluid-filled spaces among the yolky endoderm cells are quite common during late gastrula and neurula stages in Ambystoma, but then normally disappear. They have no gut-forming significance.
Learning Skills Profiles of Master's Students in Nursing Administration: Assessing the Impact of Problem-Based Learning

Abstract Attempts to compare graduate student performances before and after introducing new curricula are rare; yet faculties need outcome measures to justify program costs and demonstrate effectiveness. Boyatzis and Kolb's Learning Skills Profile is used to assess the outcomes of a problem-based learning MSN program. Increases were demonstrated among all 12 learning skills; statistically significant increases were found in eight of the personal learning skills and six of the job skill demands. Comparisons are made between scores of students in the MSN program and scores of master's students in business administration.
Adding authorship order to the quantity and quality dimensions of scholarly productivity: evidence from group- and individual-level analyses

The purpose of this study was to determine whether authorship order--as measured by first author publications, citations to first author publications, and the first author h-index--plays a significant role in scholarly productivity. Scholarly productivity was assessed in this study with publications from 2011 to 2014 and citations to these publications as indexed by the Thomson Web of Science. Using a correlational design, a group-level analysis of 36 Ph.D.-granting departments of criminology and criminal justice revealed that ratings from a U.S. News & World Report (USN&WR) survey correlated significantly better with aggregate program first author publications than with aggregate program total publications, although citations to first author publications and the first author h-index failed to correlate significantly better with the USN&WR than citing articles to total publications and the total publication h-index, respectively. An individual-level correlational analysis of all 228 full professors from 44 programs offering a Ph.D. in criminology/criminal justice showed that time until promotion to full professor displayed a significantly stronger inverse correlation with the number of first author publications, the number of citations to first author publications, and the first author h-index than with the total number of publications, the number of citing articles to total publications, and the total publication h-index, respectively. Hence, at both the group and individual levels first author publications and at the individual level citations to first author publications and the first author h-index provided a better estimate of scholarly productivity than their respective total publication counterparts.
Investigations of perfusion-limited hypoxia and oxygenation in the KHT sarcoma.

A number of previous studies have attempted to manipulate tumor oxygenation and blood flow for the purpose of enhancing either chemo-or radiotherapy. Increased blood flow and oxygen delivery have commonly been used to improve both radioresponse and the delivery of conventional chemotherapeutic agents (Fenton and Sutherland, 1992;
DIVALENT RARE EARTH SPECTRA SELECTION RULES AND SPECTROSCOPY OF SrCl$sub 2$:Sm$sup 2$$sup +$

Selection rules for vibronic transitions appearing in 4f yields 4f fluorescence of divalent rare earth (RE/sup 2+/) ions in alkaline-earth halide lattices are derived. These are applied to the cases of SrF/sub 2/: Sm/sup 2+/, SrCl/sub 2/: Sm/sup 2+/, and CaF/s ub 2/: Tm/sup 2+/. On the basis of a simple theory that outlined, selection rules for nonradiative (relaxation) transitions of RE/sup 2+/ ions in m3m symmetry are also presented. From these rules one can predict instances where spectral broadening of fluorescent lines should occur due to sportaneous emission of phonons, with consequent lifetime broadening. Comparison with experiment seems to verify these predictions. The structure of the 4f/sup n-1/ 5d bands of RE/sup 2+/ ions is shown to be due to vibronic coupling of pure electronic states with states involving multiquantum excitation of even-parity vibrations. Simple coupling schemes for the 4f/sup n-1/5d levels are examined. Results of measurements of SrCl/sub 2/:. Sm/sup 2+/ absorption and fluorescence spectra are presented. Lifetimes and quantum efficiencies are discussed. (auth)
Antimicrobial Stewardship Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Health Care Professionals at Small Community Hospitals:

BackgroundVery little is known about antimicrobial stewardship knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among health care practitioners in small, community hospitals (SCHs) compared to large commu...
Reading Achievement in the Middle School Years: A Study Investigating Growth Patterns by High Incidence Disability

ABSTRACTNumerous research studies (e.g., Anderson, Kutash, & Duchnowski, 2001; Lane, Carter, Pierson, & Glaeser, 2006; Volpe, Dupaul, Jitendra, & Tresco, 2009; Wei, Blackorby, & Schiller, 2011) have shown that students with disabilities generally exhibit lower reading scores than their peers without disabilities. However, questions remain about the possibility of longitudinal differences among high-incidence disability classifications (e.g., speech/language impairments, SLI; emotional disturbances, ED; learning disabilities, LD; and attention deficit disorders, ADD). This study investigated growth patterns in reading achievement among middle school students from 5th to 8th grade with different high incidence disability classifications on one state's high-stakes assessment. After a repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc testing, results reveal that students identified as LD and SLI evidenced more growth in reading than those classified as either ADD or ED. In light of the No Child Left Behind ...
Pulmonary nodules in a man with a history of bone marrow transplantation.

Our patient was diagnosed as having Philadelphia chromosome positive pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with lymphoid blast crisis (blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia) in 2011. Treatment with two cycles of hyper-CVAD (alternating cyclophosphamide+vincristine+doxorubicin+dexamethasone with methotrexate+cytarabine) plus dasatinib resulted in a negative bone marrow biopsy (remission). He had an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant from a 10/10 HLA matched unrelated donor in 2013. Conditioning was with cyclophosphamide and 1200 cGy total body irradiation. Graft versus host disease prophylaxis was with tacrolimus and methotrexate. Dasatinib was continued after his transplant. In late 2013 he developed relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. He was treated with fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Bone marrow biopsy after chemotherapy showed persistent acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, even after he was switched to ponatinib and dexamethasone. Daunorubicin and vincristine were added for one cycle but were discontinued when he was admitted to hospital for cellulitis. Bone marrow biopsy was negative but one three months later showed recurrent acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia. Remission occurred after re-induction with clofarabine in the autumn of 2014; this was followed by 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, vincristine, and prednisone maintenance therapy. He had no history of graft versus host disease and was not taking additional immunosuppressants. After his transplant, both Aspergillus versicolor and A fumigatus were isolated from his sputum, but he had no other evidence of invasive fungal infection. Pneumocystis jirovecii nucleic acid was isolated from his sputum but was thought to represent colonisation rather than infection. He had no evidence of tuberculosis at any time. His prophylactic antimicrobial regimen did not include an antifungal drug (voriconazole was discontinued in 2015 owing to raised liver transaminases) but did include dapsone and aciclovir. About three weeks before admission, pus was noted around his peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). There was no cellulitis and his PICC was …
Simultaneous determination of five estrogens in eel blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of five estrogens residues,such as diethystilbestrol,estrone,17-alpha-estradiol,17-beta-estradiol and estriol in eel blood by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).Methods: The blood was extracted by methanol acidified with 0.1% formic acid,cleaned and enriched by a Waters Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction(SPE) cartridge,the separation was performed on a XBridgeTM C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm) column by the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water both containing 0.08% ammonia(V/V) as a gradient eluent.Detection was carried out by HPLC-MS/MS using a negative electrospray ionization interface in the multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode.Results: Calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.1 μg/L～50.0 μg/L with the correlation coefficients more than 0.999,and the limits of quantification(LOQs)were between 0.1 μg/L～0.3 μg/L.The extraction recoveries were between 85.4%～113.0%,and the RSDs were between 2.0%～6.8%.Conclusion: The developed method is simple,accurate and high specific for the satisfactory determination of trace estrogens residues in eel blood.
Midline Sagittal Sonographic Evaluation of the Brainstem

A technique has been developed for the A-mode display of the upper brain stem utilizing certain bony landmarks as a guide to transducer placement. Normal findings have been substantiated at the time of Pneumoencephalography and angiography in order to determine the anatomic origin of ultrasound reflections. Findings in patients with mass lesions distorting the upper brain stem will be reported as well.
Comminuted olecranon fracture fixation with pre-contoured plate: Comparison of composite and cadaver bones

AIM: To determine whether use of a precontoured olecranon plate provides adequate fixation to withstand supraphysiologic force in a comminuted olecranon fracture model. METHODS: Five samples of fourth generation composite bones and five samples of fresh frozen human cadaveric left ulnae were utilized for this study. The cadaveric specimens underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning to quantify the bone quality. The composite and cadaveric bones were prepared by creating a comminuted olecranon fracture and fixed with a pre-contoured olecranon plate with locking screws. Construct stiffness and failure load were measured by subjecting specimens to cantilever bending moments until failure. Fracture site motion was measured with differential variable resistance transducer spanning the fracture. Statistical analysis was performed with two-tailed Mann-Whitney-U test with Monte Carlo Exact test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in fixation stiffness and strength between the composite bones and human cadaver bones. Failure modes differed in cadaveric and composite specimens. The load to failure for the composite bones (n = 5) and human cadaver bones (n = 5) specimens were 10.67 nm (range 9.40-11.91 nm) and 13.05 nm (range 12.59-15.38 nm) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P ˂ 0.007, 97% power). Median stiffness for composite bones and human cadaver bones specimens were 5.69 nm/mm (range 4.69-6.80 nm/mm) and 7.55 nm/mm (range 6.31-7.72 nm/mm). There was a significant difference for stiffness (P ˂ 0.033, 79% power) between composite bones and cadaveric bones. No correlation was found between the DEXA results and stiffness. All cadaveric specimens withstood the physiologic load anticipated postoperatively. Catastrophic failure occurred in all composite specimens. All failures resulted from composite bone failure at the distal screw site and not hardware failure. There were no catastrophic fracture failures in the cadaveric specimens. Failure of 4/5 cadaveric specimens was defined when a fracture gap of 2 mm was observed, but 1/5 cadaveric specimens failed due to a failure of the triceps mechanism. All failures occurred at forces greater than that expected in postoperative period prior to healing. CONCLUSION: The pre-contoured olecranon plate provides adequate fixation to withstand physiologic force in a composite bone and cadaveric comminuted olecranon fracture model.
Remembering Gordon Tullock

This is a short tribute to Gordon Tullock, and the unique approach to bioeconomic issues that he took. The example used is hoarding behavior by various species of squirrels.
Quality and liability issues with the Papanicolaou smear: the problem of definition of errors and false-negative smears.

. A universally accepted definition for a false-negative Papanicolaou smear has not been established. Therefore, it is important to specify the criteria used to define false-negative smears when discussing the performance of clinical cytology. If these variables are not specified, there is potential for miscommunication. Variables include sampling versus laboratory false-negative errors, the definitions of what constitutes disease and the threshold to define an error, the time interval to detection, and the mechanism for detection of errors. False-negative error rate is defined as the number of false-negative Papanicolaou smears divided by the number of patients with disease. Discrepancy rate is often used interchangeably with false-negative rate, but the former does not factor in the prevalence of disease and the threshold used to define an error. The false-negative fraction is most useful for interlaboratory comparison. A reasonable definition of a laboratory false negative is a smear originally reported as negative or normal that is found to have sufficient numbers of carcinoma or dysplastic cells on review. The abnormal cells should be verifiable by more than one experienced cytologist in a blinded fashion, and it is ideal if the lesion is confirmed by biopsy or other confirmatory test.
The Role of Group Interests and Ideology in Cross-Group Support

We saw some evidence, in Chapter 5, that minority lawmakers act as both strong advocates for their own group’s interests and also as conduits for interminority group support. Specifically, black and Latino members of Congress (MCs) tended to support NAACP and NHLA positions at least as much, and in some Congresses to a greater extent, as their white counterparts (even after accounting for other f actors). A central conclusion of that chapter is present throughout this study: there is virtually no evidence of conflict or competition between advocates for black and Latino concerns; there is much evidence suggesting independent group advocacy, and some evidence of cooperation across minority groups at the national level. In this chapter we extend this analysis in related, but different, directions. Rather than directly examining advocacy we seek to identify the source(s) of cross-group support that may help us understand the lack of interminority group conflict at the national level. We again focus on the behavior of members of Congress and their support for NHLA and NAACP legislative positions. The results suggest several important points consistent with larger themes in our analysis regarding (a) the importance of broad (versus narrower) interests in national politics (especially when compared to local politics) and its implications for dampening conflict and (b) the frequently independent behavior and/or unique foci or orientation of blacks and of Latinos (both advocacy groups and MCs) in national politics relative to each other and to white elites. We find that black and Latino MCs appear to have different cues or heuristics that magnify support for their own group’s positions compared to what shapes their views on the other group’s positions. Specifically, ideology (in terms of a standard, general liberal/conservative conception) plays a lesser role regarding support for representatives’ own racial/ethnic group’s policy positions; those are significantly animated by within-group considerations.
A Training Program Using an Audience Response System to Calibrate Dental Faculty Members Assessing Student Clinical Competence

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of calibration training of departmental faculty and competency graders using an audience response system on operative dentistry concepts across 12 months. The training sessions were designed to further solidify the process and equilibration of clinical opinions among faculty members and provide a more calibrated grading assessment during patient care for student performance feedback. Four (quarterly) calibration sessions occurred over 12 months in 2015. The first session was considered the baseline (control value) for this study. Pre- and post-calibration interrater agreement was assessed. Additionally, a pre and post assessment with ten Likert-scale questions was used to measure students' perceptions of instructional consistency. The results showed that a statistically significant increase in conceptual knowledge scores occurred for both departmental faculty members and competency graders across each of the four sessions (one-factor ANOVA; p<0.05). Interrater reliability agreement also significantly improved for both department faculty members and competency graders' clinical assessments over 12 months of implementation (Cohen's Kappa; p<0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in positive student perceptions on all ten questions (dependent t-test; p<0.05). Implementation of an audience response system for departmental and competency graders was found to be effective in facilitating a discussion forum, calibrating clinical assessments, and improving student perceptions. The positive results from this study support the value of dental schools' introducing faculty development programs to ensure consistent instruction for assessing dental student competence.
A simple and robust protocol for high-yield expression of perdeuterated proteins in Escherichia coli grown in shaker flasks.

We present a simple, convenient and robust protocol for expressing perdeuterated proteins in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells in shaker flasks that reduces D2O usage tenfold and d7-glucose usage by 30 %. Using a modified M9 medium and optimized growth conditions, we were able to grow cells in linear log phase to an OD600 of up to 10. Inducing the cells with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside at an OD600 of 10, instead of less than 1, enabled us to increase the cell mass tenfold per unit volume of cell culture. We show that protein expression levels per cell are the same when induced at an OD600 between 1 and 10 under these growth conditions. Thus, our new protocol can increase protein yield per unit volume of cell culture tenfold. Adaptation of E. coli from H2O-based to D2O-based medium is also key for ensuring high levels of protein expression in D2O. We find that a simple three-step adaptation approach—Luria–Bertani (LB) medium in H2O to LB in D2O to modified-M9 medium in D2O is both simple and reliable. The method increases the yield of perdeuterated proteins by up to tenfold using commonly available air shakers without any requirement for specialized fermentation equipment.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy Studies of the State of Heterogeneous Catalysts during Catalysis

The magnetic state of a metallic catalyst for the ammonia synthesis and the electronic state of oxide catalysts for the propylene and methanol oxidations were investigated using Mossbauer spectroscopy during the respective catalytic reactions. The experiments were carried out in cells which served simultaneously as catalytic reactors and units for Mossbauer spectroscopy — “Mossbauer catalytic reactors.”
Associations of sedentary time and moderate-vigorous physical activity with sleep-disordered breathing and polysomnographic sleep in community-dwelling adults

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between daytime activity (sedentary time, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA]) and indices of polysomnographically (PSG) assessed sleep, including sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). One hundred and thirty-six adults (65% female, 59.8 ± 9.1 years, body mass index [BMI] 30.3 ± 6.9 kg m−2) provided daily estimates of time spent in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity activity for 6–14 days (mean 9.9 ± 1.8 days) prior to laboratory PSG. Daily sedentary time was calculated as the amount of time spent awake and not in light-, moderate-, or vigorous-intensity activity; time spent in moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity were combined for MVPA. Indices of PSG sleep included timing (sleep midpoint), duration (total sleep time), continuity (sleep efficiency), depth (% slow-wave sleep), and SDB (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]). Using median splits of sedentary time and MVPA, analyses of covariance examined their relationship with sleep following adjustment for age, sex, race, employment, education, BMI, existing cardiovascular disease, depression history, and mean daily wake time. Binary logistic regression examined the odds of having at least mild-severity SDB (AHI ≥ 5) according to sedentary time, MVPA, and their combination. Adults with above-median sedentary time (i.e., >841.9 min/day) had significantly greater AHI (P = .04) and lower odds of mild SDB (P = .03) compared to adults with low sedentary time; adults with high MVPA (>30.5 min/day) had significantly lower AHI compared to adults with low MVPA (P = .04). When examined in the same model, adults with high sedentary time and low MVPA had significantly higher AHI (P < .01) and higher odds of having mild SDB (P = .03) than all the other groups. No other sleep measures were related to sedentary time, MVPA, or their combination. Sedentary time and MVPA were associated with SDB. Whether reducing sedentary time leads to lower SDB severity deserves future exploration.
Ethical issues in research

Biomedical research is currently guided by ethical standards that have evolved over many centuries. Historical and political events, social and legal considerations, and continuous medical and technological advances have led to the prevailing research ethics and practice. Currently, patients and research subjects have complete autonomy while under medical care or when volunteering as research subjects. Enrolling volunteers in human subjects research includes a detailed and meaningful informed consent process that follows the cardinal principles of ethics: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. These principles were gradually adopted after World War II, primarily in response to the unethical behavior of German physicians and scientists during the Third Reich. This review emphasizes the importance of historical milestones and the essential role that ethics has in contemporary medical research. Research protocols should achieve maximum benefits for the society, have clinical and scientific value, be subject to independent review, respect human dignity, and follow the principles of informed consent, and most importantly, subjects should have complete autonomy. However, current principles and regulations cannot cover every conceivable situation, particularly in view of the new advances in science and technology. New and evolving medical technology, genetic research, therapeutic interventions, and innovations challenge society to maintain the highest moral and ethical principles.
Transsexuals - some further legal considerations

The paper will be devoted to an in depth examination of legal authority in the United States to ascertain the possibility of a successful prosecution of a physician or surgeon who successfully performs a sex reassignment procedure upon a consenting adult for the crime of mayhem.
A new family of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber

Abstract A new family of aphids, the Isolitaphidae fam. nov. (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea), is described for the new genus and species, Isolitaphis prolatantennus gen. et sp nov., in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma). The new species is compared with previously described Mesozoic Aphidoidea, including members of the families Parvaverrucosidae and Burmitaphididae that were described earlier from Myanmar amber. The new taxon can be separated from all previously described extant and extinct Aphidoidea by its 10-segmented antenna, the presence of an ovipositor, siphons, a three-branched M vein and forked C vein. The new species adds to the morphological diversity of Mesozoic Aphidoidea.
Monitoring inbaskets with feedback to providers enhances the timeliness of patient care.

132Background: The adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has changed the workflow for providers. The “inBasket” feature supplants telephone and email communications, replaces paper results review and has become the way to track incomplete encounters. Failure to promptly complete medical records leads to unread notes and impairs multidisciplinary communication. Also, unclosed encounters lead to potential penalties and uncollected fees. One benefit of the inBasket, is that it can be monitored. Methods: We created a report that tracked EPIC inBasket activities by provider including numbers of open charts, unchecked results, phone calls, incomplete dictations and orders needing cosign. The report shows the number and length of time each activity has been delinquent. In December 2015 we began emailing automated reports to all providers with their monthly results. In January 2016 we began an enforcement process for providers with >50 open charts: 30 days to complete charts or practice would be closed to ...
Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Greater Resting Amygdala Activity and Functional Connectivity.

Abstract Background Social discrimination, a type of psychological stressor, is associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes, yet we have little understanding of how discrimination affects neural functions in marginalized populations. By contrast, the effects of psychological stress on neural functions are well documented, with evidence of significant effects on the amygdala—a neural region that is central to psychosocial functions. Accordingly, we conducted an examination of the relation between self-reported discrimination exposure and amygdala activity in a diverse sample of adults. Methods Seventy-four adults (43% women; 72% African American; 23% Hispanic; 32% homosexual/bisexual) completed self-report ratings of discrimination exposure. Spontaneous amygdala activity and functional connectivity were assessed during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results Greater discrimination exposure was associated with higher levels of spontaneous amygdala activity. Increases in discrimination were also associated with stronger functional connectivity between the amygdala and several neural regions (e.g., anterior insula, putamen, caudate, anterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus), with the most robust effects observed in the thalamus. These effects were independent of several demographic (e.g., race, ethnicity, sex) and psychological (e.g., current stress, depression, anxiety) factors. Conclusions Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that social discrimination is independently associated with elevations in intrinsic amygdala activity and functional connectivity, thus revealing clear parallels between the neural substrates of discrimination and psychological stressors of other origins. Such results should spur future investigations of amygdala-based networks as potential etiological factors linking discrimination exposure to adverse physical and mental health outcomes.
Fictive intimacies of detention: affect, imagination, and anger in art from Guantánamo Bay

For many American critics of the ongoing war on terror, the detainees held at places like Guantanamo Bay function as objects of intense affective investment, generating anger, sympathy, or pity. Bu...
A study of linked virtual transaction in New York electricity market

As part of the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) standard market design, the Transmission Congestion Contract (TCC) is an important instrument for hedging congestion in the Day-ahead Market (DAM). As a variant of the TCC, a Linked Virtual Transaction (LVT) product is being introduced by NYISO to provide market participants the opportunity to hedge congestion risk in the real time market. In this paper, the impact of LVTs on DAM computational performance and power flow convergence is investigated. Two alternative approaches are presented to address the power flow convergence challenge and the proposed approaches are demonstrated to be effective and efficient in NYISO Day-ahead market.
3-D Printed Millimeter-Wave Lens Systems at 39 GHz

This letter explores the potential of 3-D printing technologies for the development of free-space quasi-optical components operating at 39 GHz. Within this study, the design process, simulation, fabrication, and testing of the lens systems will be detailed and explored. The two highest gain lens systems produced from this study are the subjects of primary interest. The first lens system produced is unique in that the lenses are prealigned using a printed support structure, and the entire system is printed as a single unit. Meanwhile, the second system to be printed is unique in that it uses a separate cavity and individually printed lenses to allow for in-test experimentation and improved resolution of the printed lenses. The single print biconvex lens system achieved a gain of 12.9 dB, while the second lens system achieved a gain of 18.6 dB, with both results matching the simulation results to within 2 dB. This corroboration between results and simulation stands as an excellent justification for future progression to higher frequency systems.
Danielle Steel and New Home Economics

This chapter investigates the changing character of contemporary romance through the immensely popular works of Danielle Steel. Victorian lines drawn between family and corporation, self and marketplace, have long provided propulsion for the romance formula. In Steel’s universe, however, readers experience an erasure of these lines. The notion of love becomes inseparable from the machinations of high finance. This chapter investigates how Steel dramatically alters the contemporary romance (and reader expectations that in turn extend beyond the confines of these novels).
Esmolol acutely alters oxygen supply-demand balance in exercising muscles of healthy humans

Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (β blockers) reduce systemic O2 delivery and blood pressure (BP) during exercise, but the subsequent effects on O2 extraction within the active limb muscles are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of the fast-acting, β1 selective blocker esmolol on systemic hemodynamics and leg muscle O2 saturation (near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) during submaximal leg ergometry. Our main hypothesis was that esmolol would augment exercise-induced reductions in leg muscle O2 saturation. Eight healthy adults (6 men, 2 women; 23-67 year) performed light and moderate intensity bouts of recumbent leg cycling before (PRE), during (β1 -blocked), and 45 min following (POST) intravenous infusion of esmolol. Oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), BP, and O2 saturation (SmO2 ) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were measured continuously. Esmolol attenuated the increases in HR and systolic BP during light (-12 ± 9 bpm and -26 ± 12 mmHg vs. PRE) and moderate intensity (-20 ± 10 bpm and -40 ± 18 mmHg vs. PRE) cycling (all P < 0.01). Exercise-induced reductions in SmO2 occurred to a greater extent during the β1 -blockade trial in both the VL (P = 0.001 vs. PRE) and MG muscles (P = 0.022 vs. PRE). HR, SBP and SmO2 were restored during POST (all P < 0.01 vs. β1 -blocked). In conclusion, esmolol rapidly and reversibly increases O2 extraction within exercising muscles of healthy humans.
Negations, Imperatives, Colors, Indexical Properties, Non-Existence, and Russell’s Paradox

This essay is a contribution both to the semantics of natural language and to ontology. In it I examine different types of semantic links, some types of ambiguity, and two radically different types of families of concepts and properties.
Cognition, Motivation, and Lifespan Development

Abstract This chapter integrates theories of cognitive aging and lifespan motivation to understand how age-related changes in abilities and motivation affect workplace behavior through the working lifespan. Theory and research on age-related changes in abilities and motivation are reviewed and then integrated to understand better how mature workers choose and pursue goals throughout their careers. We revisit Kanfer and Ackerman’s (2004) seminal paper on workplace motivation and describe how perceptions of task effort and utility affect both contextual and task performance for mature workers. Areas for future research include further empirical research that examines the moderating effect of age on perceptions of effort and utility on contextual versus task performance, further investigation of how job tasks influence perceptions of effort, utility and thus affect job performance and motivation for work, and the development of assessments of both task and contextual job-related knowledge for use in selection and assessment. We also highlight how job tasks can affect perceptions of effort and utility over the career lifespan and how jobs and training programs might be designed to engage mature workers in a longer career. (182)
Camera Power: Proof, Policing, Privacy, and Audiovisual Big Data

Camera Power is the first book to tackle the policy questions raised by two ongoing revolutions in recording the police: copwatching and police-worn body cameras. Drawing on original research from over 200 jurisdictions and more than 100 interviews - with police leaders and officers, copwatchers, community members, civil rights and civil liberties experts, industry leaders, and technologists - Mary D. Fan offers a vision of the great potential and perils of the growing deluge of audiovisual big data. In contrast to the customary portrayal of big data mining as a threat to civil liberties, Camera Power describes how audiovisual big data analytics can better protect civil rights and liberties and prevent violence in police encounters. With compelling stories and coverage of the most important debates over privacy, public disclosure, proof, and police regulation, this book should be read by anyone interested in how technology is reshaping the relationship with our police.
Recognition in makerspaces: Supporting opportunities for women to "make" a STEM career

Abstract Making is a playful exploration of tools and materials to design personally meaningful artifacts, providing a particularly impactful entry point for traditionally underrepresented youth in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. However, it remains unclear how these constructionist explorations translate to eventual professional and educational STEM opportunities, especially for women. This paper tracks an exemplary case in a makerspace to theorize, describe, and analyze the behavioral patterns of young women as they engage in making and move toward expertise in STEM. Building on a material-based and constructionist notion of making, we use mediated discourse analysis to examine how recognition (materialized in artifacts as displaying, legitimizing, and circulating emergent STEM expertise) leads to transformational development over time. We introduce the notion of tinkering with development, which conceptualizes playful project design, spatial project placements, and emergent online project sharing as drivers of human developmental trajectories. Implications of this work include a set of design principles to support makerspaces and other constructionist learning environments to foster participation in STEM. Further, implications for constructionist theory and STEM gender representation are discussed.
The stabilization of food grade copper-chlorophyllin in low pH solutions through association with anionic polysaccharides

Abstract This work investigates the potential for anionic polysaccharides, such as alginate and xanthan gum, to impart solution and color stability to dilute solutions of copper chlorophyllin (Cu-ChP) buffered at acidic pH. Under cold storage, both polysaccharides tested were shown with sufficient loading to mitigate Cu-ChP aggregation at pH 3.0 and 5.0; xanthan gum use required lower loadings than the sodium alginate tested. Analysis of polysaccharide stabilized Cu-ChP solutions by dynamic light scattering suggests complex formation does occur; this is likely driven by electrostatic interactions between copper cations coordinated at the pigment core and the heavily anionic surfaces of the polyccharide matrices created by the large number of uronic acid substituents on the hydrocolloids.. During accelerated stability testing at elevated temperature (40 °C), pure Cu-ChP controls readily aggregated and lost the solution color distribution, while both polysaccharides maintained both solution and color stability through the initial 5-day test; xanthan gum showed the best promise in this regard, maintaining solution stability and most of the original color through 14 days at both pH tested. CIE a* and b* color data further show more than half of the original green tones and nearly all of the original yellow tones are preserved during heating with either polysaccharide present. Despite this, the slight transition in overall color towards more olive-green tones suggest a level of pheophytinization (metal ion loss) occurs. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) provides initial insight into the stabilization of Cu-ChP solutions by these polysaccharides and suggests that the weaker, yet stable, association of the pigment source with xanthan gum compared to the sodium alginate tested may be key to its superiority as a stabilizer.