cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiation and scattering by complex conformal antennas on a circular cylinder

A technique for characterizing and designing complex conformal antennas flush-mounted on a singly-curved surface is presented. This approach is based on the hybrid finite element–boundary integral (FE–BI) method. A related method was proposed in the past utilizing cylindrical-shell finite element and roof-top rectangular basis functions for the boundary integral. Although that method proved very powerful for analyzing cylindrical–rectangular patch arrays flush-mounted to a circular cylinder, the requirement for uniform meshing in the aperture ultimately limited its usefulness. In this present formulation, tetrahedral elements are used to expand the volumetric electric fields while similar basis functions are used for the boundary integral. The curvature of the aperture is explicitly included via the use of the circular cylinder dyadic Green's function. After presentation of the formulation and validation using several well-understood examples, an example is presented that illustrates the capabilities of this method for modeling complex conformal antennas heretofore not examined by rigorous methods due to inherent limitations of the various published methods.
Erythroid-Specific Expression of β-Globin by the Sleeping Beauty Transposon for Sickle Cell Disease†

Sickle cell disease (SCD) results predominately from a single monogenic mutation that affects thousands of individuals worldwide. Gene therapy approaches have focused on using viral vectors to transfer wild-type β- or γ-globin transgenes into hematopoietic stem cells for long-term expression of the recombinant globins. In this study, we investigated the use of a novel nonviral vector system, the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon (Tn) to insert a wild-type β-globin expression cassette into the human genome for sustained expression of β-globin. We initially constructed a β-globin expression vector composed of the hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer chicken β-actin promoter (CAGGS) and full-length β-globin cDNA, as well as truncated forms lacking either the 3‘ or 3‘ and 5‘ untranslated regions (UTRs), to optimize expression of β-globin. β-Globin with its 5‘ UTR was efficiently expressed from its cDNA in K-562 cells induced with hemin. However, expression was constitutive and not erythroid-specific. We then c...
Efficient and Accurate Methods for Characterizing Effects of Framework Flexibility on Molecular Diffusion in Zeolites: CH4 Diffusion in Eight Member Ring Zeolites

Molecular dynamics (MD) and transition state theory (TST) methods are becoming efficient tools for predicting diffusion of molecules in nanoporous materials. The accuracy of predictions, however, often depends upon a major assumption that the framework of the material is rigid. This saves a considerable amount of computational time and is often the only method applicable to materials for which accurate force fields to model framework flexibility are not available. In this study, we systematically characterize the effect of framework flexibility on diffusion in four model zeolites (LTA, CHA, ERI, and BIK) that exhibit different patterns of window flexibility. We show that for molecules with kinetic diameters comparable to (or larger than) the size of the window the rigid framework approximation can produce order(s) of magnitude difference in diffusivities as compared to the simulations performed with a fully flexible framework. We also show that simple recipes to include the effect of framework flexibility...
ATTRIBUTION OF MENTAL DISORDERS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT'

Sumnzary.-Typically, individuals assign blame to victims of unfortunate circumstances. When external constraints are increased, less blame is usually assigned. In the present study. causal attribution for mental disorders was examined by varying external constraints. Subjects were 96 undergraduate srudents enrolled in an introductory psychology course. Results yielded no consistent external or internal attributions which may indicate an important exception to the tendency to blame victims. Attribution theory deals with perceived causes of behavior. Abnormal literature lacks studies dealing with causal attribution of abnormal behavior. Do people attribute abnormal behavior in others to internal or external causes? Social psychological studies demonsrrate that victims of unfortunate circumstances (1, 4) and transgressors of the law (2) are perceived as having their behavior determined by internal faccors. Blame is thus assigned to both victims and transgressors. However, the more external or siruational constraints are present, the less responsibility is assigned to the actor for his behavior (2). People who develop mental disorders may receive blame for their abnormal behavior since such people may be perceived as being victims. However, situational constraints (such as family and medical problems) may lessen the perceived responsibility assigned to the actor for the abnormal behavior. Because males tend co place more blame on the actor than do females (3), males should also assign more blame for abnormal behavior. Ninety-six undergraduate students who were enrolled in introductory psychology courses volunteered to participate in this study. No subject had yet been exposed to course content dealing with abnormal psychology. Four stories about circumstances preceding the onset of a mental disorder for a hypothetical actor were prepared. Each story dealt with a different type of constraint (medical, family financial problems with an alcernacive, family financial problems without an alternative, and personal greed). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the four "constraint" conditions. After reading the story of the hypothetical actor, subjects were given a seven-item questionnaire. Questions included items such as: "To what exrent was Mr. X's mental disorder unavoidable?" and "Do you think Mr. X is psychologically responsible for his mental disorder?" A seven-point scale was used. In addition, subjects rated Mr. X on six bipolar adjectives, using scale values from +3 to -3.
Evaluation of uncertainty measurement in assay of Paeonol Dripping Pills

Objective:To establish a method for uncertainty analysis in HPLC determination for Paeonol Dripping Pills.Methods:The calculation formula of uncertainty was deduced in the procedure of determining Paeonol in Dripping Pills.Results:Each component of uncertainty was calculated among the procedures,and combined uncertainty was finally obtained.The content of Paeonol in Dripping Pills is 164.77 mg·g-1,and the expanded uncertainty was 6.00 mg·g-1(k=2).Conclusion:The mathematic model established here is suitable for uncertainty analysis for HPLC assay.
Influence of dietary beta-glucan on growth performance, nonspecific immunity, and resistance to Streptococcus suis infection in weanling pigs.

Three experiments, using 344 pigs, were conducted to evaluate the influence of beta-glucan on growth performance, neutrophil and macrophage function, haptoglobin production, and resistance to Streptococcus suis challenge in weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 144 pigs were used to evaluate the influence of .1% dietary beta-glucan in a soybean meal- or milk protein-based diet on growth performance and neutrophil function. Pigs fed beta-glucan from d 7 to 14 after weaning had lower ADFI (P < .01) and, although not significant, ADG was lower for pigs fed beta-glucan than for pigs fed control diets. However, no differences were observed in growth performance or neutrophil function for pigs fed control or diets containing beta-glucan from d 7 to 35 after weaning. Experiment 2 was a 28-d growth assay in which pigs were fed a diet with or without .1% beta-glucan, containing 7.5% spray-dried plasma protein and 25% dried whey from d 0 to 14 after weaning. Pigs then were fed corn-soybean mealbased diets containing 2.5% spray-dried blood meal and 10% dried whey. No differences in growth performance were observed. Experiment 3 was a 35-d assay to evaluate growth performance, neutrophil and macrophage function, and plasma haptoglobin concentration. Pigs were challenged on d 28 postweaning with intravenous S. suis. In Exp. 3, pigs were fed diets without or with .025 or .05% beta-glucan. Dietary beta-glucan did not influence neutrophil or macrophage function. However, pigs fed diets containing .025% beta-glucan had increased (P < .05) ADG and ADFI and were heavier (P < .05) on d 28 after weaning than pigs fed the control diet. No differences in feed efficiency (G/F) were detected between treatments. Pigs fed beta-glucan had decreased (P < .10) plasma haptoglobin on d 14, 21, and 28 after weaning. However, Fisher's Exact test revealed that more (P < .04) pigs fed a diet containing .025% beta-glucan died by d 12 after challenge with S. suis. In conclusion, these data suggest the existence of a complex interaction involving growth performance and resistance to S. suis in pigs fed .025% beta-glucan.
Tendon Transfers for Tendon Injuries in the Upper Extremities

Summary Tendon transfer is a useful procedure for restoring hand function in cases of tendon laceration or in tendon rupture resulting from rheumatoid disease. These procedures can be utilized on either the dorsal or the volar surface. There is greater versatility in tendon transfer on the dorsal surface than on the volar surface; this is true for both tendon laceration and rupture of tendons due to rheumatoid disease. The main limiting factor in using tendon transfers for tendon disease and injury is a satisfactory available tendon: this means a nondiseased tendon whose function is less important than that of the one whose action is to be restored.
Motivation in Morphology : Lexical Patterns in ASL and English

Author(s): Lepic, Ryan | Abstract: Words that are systematically related in form and meaning exhibit morphological structure. A fundamental question in morphological theory concerns the nature of this structure, and the role that it serves in grammatical organization. One view of morphological structure, the morpheme-based perspective, characterizes complex words as constructed from smaller, independently meaningful pieces. An alternative view, the word-based perspective, characterizes whole words as participating in patterns that are abstracted over networks of surface words, whether "simple" or "complex". This dissertation explores the consequences of these two views of morphological structure, as they apply to the analysis of American Sign Language and English. Here I show that the morphological structure of a variety of words in ASL and in English can be analyzed in terms of constructions, or learned pairings of form and meaning. These morphological constructions range from simple and concrete, in the case of actually- occurring surface words, to more schematic and complex, in the case of recurring patterns and sub-patterns extracted from whole surface words. Comparing compounds, derived words, borrowed words, and lexical blends in a spoken language and a sign language reveals that though many words can be analyzed into component pieces, the identifiable pieces may do very little to determine the meaning of the particular word. Instead, word-internal structure is a reflection of the structure of the networks, or lexical families, that whole words participate in. This exploration demonstrates that rather than primarily compositional, and resulting from the combination of meaningful parts, word-internal structure is relational, serving to link words together, within and across families. As a construction-theoretic analysis of derivational morphology in a spoken language and a sign language, this dissertation ties together and provides a unified analysis for a range of empirical phenomena. I anticipate that this study will also provide a point of departure for future studies of spoken and sign language morphology, either together or in isolation, from a construction-theoretic and word-based perspective
Electron collisions with atoms, ions, molecules, and surfaces: Fundamental science empowering advances in technology

Electron collisions with atoms, ions, molecules, and surfaces are critically important to the understanding and modeling of low-temperature plasmas (LTPs), and so in the development of technologies based on LTPs. Recent progress in obtaining experimental benchmark data and the development of highly sophisticated computational methods is highlighted. With the cesium-based diode-pumped alkali laser and remote plasma etching of Si3N4 as examples, we demonstrate how accurate and comprehensive datasets for electron collisions enable complex modeling of plasma-using technologies that empower our high-technology–based society.
Transformational leader attributes: interpersonal skills, engagement, and well-being

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of interpersonal skills (emotional and political skills) and work engagement on transformational leadership and leader well-being at work. Design/methodology/approach – Emotional control, emotional sensitivity, political skills, work engagement, transformational leadership behaviors, and job satisfaction were assessed in an empirical study of 278 employees. The relationships between emotional skills, political skills, work engagement, and transformational leadership were evaluated using participants in managerial positions (n=159). The combined influence of interpersonal skills and work engagement on job satisfaction was examined as a comparison between managers and non-managers (n=119). Findings – In addition to the positive effects of work engagement on outcome measures, results showed political skill is an important capability contributing to transformational leadership and leaders’ job satisfaction. Findings also showed the interaction of e...
Farm-to-Consumer Retail Outlet Use, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Obesity Status among WIC Program Participants in Alabama.

Objectives We studied whether use of farm-to-consumer (FTC) retail outlets (eg, farmers market, farm/roadside stand) was associated with daily fruit and vegetable (FV 67.0% non-Hispanic black; 45.6% obese) participating in Birmingham's WIC Program. Participants were recruited between October 2014 and January 2015. Participants who self-reported purchasing produce from a FTC outlet during the 2014 farmers' market season were classified as FTC outlet users. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to examine associations between FTC outlet use, daily FV 95%: 1.15 - 3.50), but not obesity status (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.39 - 1.20). Conclusions FTC retail outlet use was associated with F&V intake among program participants but not obesity status.
Immunity simulation method for automotive power module using electromagnetic analysis

This paper provides an immunity simulation method for product-level automotive power modules that contain printed circuit boards (PCBs). A stress-strength model is adopted as an estimation method for the susceptibility. The stress is the value of the RF power injected into a victim circuit, and the strength is the acceptance stress criteria of the victim circuit. By using electromagnetic simulation, the stress of the victim circuit is calculated. The strength of the victim circuit is determined by the DPI test result. By comparing the stress and strength of the victim circuit, the susceptibility thresholds can be predicted. The results show good agreement with the experimental results in the DPI test for a power module containing a complex product-level PCB and exhibit a good correlation with the BCI test for the power module.
Bathed in the Light: Conceptual Considerations for the Gospel-Centered Psychologist

This paper is a brief response to Dr. Robert Gleave’s (2012) article “Gospel Centered ‘Therapist’ or Gospel Centered ‘Therapy’: Is There a Difference and Does It Matter?” Dr. Gleave’s essay is commended for its insight, timeliness, and importance to the LDS clinical and counseling community. Three areas in which LDS therapists need to engage in careful conceptual consideration of the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of their approach to therapy are enumerated: moral agency, embodiment, and sexuality. It is argued that a gospel-centered perspective in psychology requires that the LDS therapist pay careful attention to the conceptual “fit” between these concepts as they are understood in the light of the restored gospel and as they are understood in contemporary secular psychology.
Adaptive goal setting and financial incentives: a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial to increase adults’ physical activity

Emerging interventions that rely on and harness variability in behavior to adapt to individual performance over time may outperform interventions that prescribe static goals (e.g., 10,000 steps/day). The purpose of this factorial trial was to compare adaptive vs. static goal setting and immediate vs. delayed, non-contingent financial rewards for increasing free-living physical activity (PA). A 4-month 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial tested main effects for goal setting (adaptive vs. static goals) and rewards (immediate vs. delayed) and interactions between factors to increase steps/day as measured by a Fitbit Zip. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes/day was examined as a secondary outcome. Participants (N = 96) were mainly female (77%), aged 41 ± 9.5 years, and all were insufficiently active and overweight/obese (mean BMI = 34.1 ± 6.2). Participants across all groups increased by 2389 steps/day on average from baseline to intervention phase (p < .001). Participants receiving static goals showed a stronger increase in steps per day from baseline phase to intervention phase (2630 steps/day) than those receiving adaptive goals (2149 steps/day; difference = 482 steps/day, p = .095). Participants receiving immediate rewards showed stronger improvement (2762 step/day increase) from baseline to intervention phase than those receiving delayed rewards (2016 steps/day increase; difference = 746 steps/day, p = .009). However, the adaptive goals group showed a slower decrease in steps/day from the beginning of the intervention phase to the end of the intervention phase (i.e. less than half the rate) compared to the static goals group (−7.7 steps vs. -18.3 steps each day; difference = 10.7 steps/day, p < .001) resulting in better improvements for the adaptive goals group by study end. Rate of change over the intervention phase did not differ between reward groups. Significant goal phase x goal setting x reward interactions were observed. Adaptive goals outperformed static goals (i.e., 10,000 steps) over a 4-month period. Small immediate rewards outperformed larger, delayed rewards. Adaptive goals with either immediate or delayed rewards should be preferred for promoting PA. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02053259 registered prospectively on January 31, 2014.
Groundwater and electricity consumption under alternative subsidies: Evidence from laboratory experiments

Pervasive energy subsidies for groundwater pumping pose a challenge to policy makers around the world, who have to cope with lower water tables due to increased reliance on groundwater resources for irrigation. The present paper outlines a laboratory experiment aimed to study the groundwater extraction decisions of stakeholders under alternative subsidy structures. We propose a model and a methodology for testing the implications of the model and the modifications of energy subsidies for irrigation. We analyze the performance of two traditional policy interventions—elimination and reduction of subsidy—and then analyze a novel policy: decoupling the subsidy from the electricity rate by replacing it with a lump sum transfer. Our results suggest that the rate of water extraction and the level of water in the aquifer may significantly be improved by altering the subsidy structure. An important finding for policy makers is that the decoupling leads to outcomes similar to those of eliminating the subsidy, however, with fewer political economy conflicts.
Adolescents' Perceptions of Popularity-Motivated Behaviors, Characteristics, and Relationships in Cyberspace and Cyber Aggression: The Role of Gender

Abstract Research is increasingly revealing that adolescents utilize electronic technologies to promote and/or maintain their social standing among their peer group. Little is known about whether adolescents' perceptions of popularity-motivated behaviors, characteristics, and relationships in cyberspace are associated with popularity-motivated cyber relational aggression. It is also unclear how gender might impact these associations, especially considering that adolescent girls and boys differ in regard to the type of behaviors, characteristics, and relationships they believe contribute to popularity. To this end, this study examined the potential moderating effect of gender on the association between adolescents' perceptions of popularity-motivated behaviors, characteristics, and relationships in cyberspace and their engagement in popularity-motivated cyber relational aggression over 1 year, from seventh to eighth grade. There were 217 eighth graders (51 percent female; M age = 12.13) from three middle s...
Impact of order set design on urine culturing practices at an academic medical centre emergency department.

Background Urinalysis and urine culture are commonly ordered tests in the emergency department (ED). We evaluated the impact of removal of order sets from the ‘frequently ordered test’ in the computerised physician order entry system (CPOE) on urine testing practices. Methods We conducted a before (1 September to 20 October 2015) and after (21 October to 30 November 2015) study of ED patients. The intervention consisted of retaining ‘urinalysis with reflex to microscopy’ as the only urine test in a highly accessible list of frequently ordered tests in the CPOE system. All other urine tests required use of additional order screens via additional mouse clicks. The frequency of urine testing before and after the intervention was compared, adjusting for temporal trends. Results During the study period, 6499 (28.2%) of 22 948 ED patients had ≥1 urine test ordered. Urine testing rates for all ED patients decreased in the post intervention period for urinalysis (291.5 pre intervention vs 278.4 per 1000 ED visits post intervention, P=0.03), urine microscopy (196.5vs179.5, P=0.001) and urine culture (54.3vs29.7, P Conclusions A simple intervention of retaining only ‘urinalysis with reflex to microscopy’ and removing all other urine tests from the ‘frequently ordered’ window of the ED electronic order set decreased urine cultures ordered by 46.6% after accounting for temporal trends. Given the injudicious use of antimicrobial therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria, findings from our study suggest that proper design of electronic order sets plays a vital role in reducing excessive ordering of urine cultures.
Head and Neck Cancers: Advantages of Advanced Radiation Therapy and Importance of Supportive Care

For more than a decade, the incidence of head and neck cancers has been increasing in the United States. Worldwide, they are the ninth most common cancer. Today, newer advances in radiotherapy (RT), such as fractionation, 4-dimensional cone-beam CT, and intensity-modulated RT, have provided clinicians with the opportunity for improved patient outcomes. At the NCCN 23rd Annual Conference, Sharon Spencer, MD, described the advantages of advances in RT and the means to mitigate untoward side effects.
Long-Term Survival Phase Cells of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 Have Significantly Greater Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation in 0.85% Saline and Apple Juice.

Abstract Nonendospore-forming pathogenic bacteria in the long-term survival (LTS) phase can remain viable for months or years and may show reduced susceptibility to various antimicrobial interventi...
[W(CO)5(pyrazine)]: evidence for a stereochemically-rigid complex up to 373 K

[W(CO)5(pz)], pz=pyrazine, has been prepared by 365 nm photolysis of W(CO)6 in C6H6 or Me2CO at 22°C. The isolated product exhibits the typical signature i.r. and electronic spectral features of [W(CO)5L] (L=N-heterocycle) complexes, coordinated at the N-heterocyclic position, in agreement with prior studies of other workers. The room temperature 1H-n.m.r. spectrum in [2H6]acetone shows two singlets at 9.09 and 8.75 p.p.m. (J2,3=J5,6=5MHz), downfield of the free ligand resonance (8.61 p.p.m.), as anticipated for a stereochemically rigid pyrazine. Temperature dependence studies were carried out in diglyme solvent from 298 to 393K in search of evidence for a 1,4-metallotropic shift of the coordinated ligand. The singlets of the separate adjacent (H-2 and H-6) protons and removed (H-3, H-5) protons remained sharp even up to 373K where ligand dissociation destroyed the complex. Free pyrazine is not in rapid exchange with the coordinated pyrazine over the entire temperature range. These results stand in contrast to the 1,2-shift observed in a previous study for [W(CO)5(pyd)], pyd=pyridazine. Pyridazine has greater σ-donation and π-acceptor power compared with pyrazine, which should significantly raise the kinetic barrier to bond-breaking of the W-pyd bond versus W-pz bond. This apparently leads to facile dissociation rather than a 1,4-shift with [W(CO)5(pz)].
Decoding Sex Differences in the Brain, One Worm at a Time:

Sex differences in the brain are prominent features across the animal kingdom. Understanding the anatomical and regulatory mechanisms behind these differences is critical for both explaining sexual...
Al2O3-ZrO2 nanocomposites coating on aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic-electrophoretic hybrid process

Abstract Alumina-zirconia nanostructured layers were coated on an aluminum alloy (AA7075) by the plasma electrolytic (PE) technique in a direct current galvanostatic mode at 0.1–0.4 A/cm2 current density. The coatings were formed in an electrolyte containing monoclinic nano-ZrO2 powder as a zirconia source. The microstructure of the produced coatings was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to develop an understanding of the growth mechanism. The investigation of the coating process was complemented with voltage-time response measurements and in-situ optical spectroscopy observations. The results showed formation of various alumina-zirconia composite microstructures as a function of the current density during processing. At the higher current density, the composite layer consists of high temperature phases (tetragonal zirconia and α-alumina) in addition to monoclinic zirconia. High current density introduced larger amounts of zirconia to the coated layer due to the high energy applied to the nanoparticles in the electrolyte. TEM analysis showed formation of four sub-layers across the coating. The coating-substrate interface (sub-layer 1) contained higher amounts of alumina (both α and γ) while the amount of zirconia nanoparticles increased by moving toward the outer surface. In sub-layer 2, formation of tetragonal zirconia was observed resulting from a phase transformation of monoclinic to tetragonal zirconia. In sub-layer 3, the existence of untransformed monoclinic zirconia hints to inadequate energy for the phase transformation due to lower temperatures. At the top region of the coating, sub-layer 4, a shallow amorphous layer was formed due to quenching from the direct contact with the electrolyte. The PE process was found to be responsible for the monoclinic to tetragonal zirconia transformation, while the electrophoretic process facilitated the deposition of the original monoclinic zirconia from the electrolyte. The results showed that the coating mechanism involves a hybrid PE-electrophoretic process.
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) affect children of all ages and are commonly seen in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). SRBDs are divided into four broad nosologic categories—obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA) syndromes, sleep-related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep-related hypoxemia. Children diagnosed with any of these disorders can experience abnormal respiration that is either centrally mediated or caused by upper airway obstruction. If left untreated, SRBDs can result in both systemic and cognitive deficits that may exacerbate baseline deficits. To ensure prompt and appropriate treatment, clinicians must have a sound working knowledge of SRBDs and maintain an index of suspicion in symptomatic children with NDDs. The aim of this chapter is to provide the clinician with information regarding the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of SRBDs.
Sequence Variation Associated with SLC12A5 Gene Expression Is Linked to Brain Structure and Function in Healthy Adults

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) gene, rs3918242, has been shown to affect MMP9 expression in macrophages and was associated with schizophrenia by two independent groups. However, rs3918242's effects on MMP9 expression were not replicable in cell lines or brain tissue. Additionally, publically available data indicate that rs3918242 genotype is related not to MMP9 expression, but rather to expression of SLC12A5, a nearby gene coding for a K+/Cl- cotransporter, whose expression has also been related to schizophrenia. Here, we studied brain structure and function in healthy participants stratified by rs3918242 genotype using structural MRI (N = 298), functional MRI during an N-back working memory task (N = 554), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the same task (N = 190). We found rs3918242 was associated with gray matter volume (GMV) in the insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally, closely replicated in discovery and replication samples; and with inferior parietal lobule (IPL) GMV when the samples were meta-analytically combined. Additionally, using both fMRI and MEG, rs3918242 was associated with right IPL working memory-related activation, replicated in two cohorts and across imaging modalities. These convergent results provide further impetus for examinations of the relationship of SLC12A5 with brain structure and function in neuropsychiatric disease.
Halogen bonding in UiO-66 frameworks promotes superior chemical warfare agent simulant degradation.

Herein, a series of halogenated UiO-66 derivatives was synthesized and analyzed for the breakdown of the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP) to analyze ligand effects. UiO-66-I degrades DMNP at a rate four times faster than the most active previously reported MOFs. MOF defects were quantified and ruled out as a cause for increased activity. Theoretical calculations suggest the enhanced activity of UiO-66-I originates from halogen bonding of the iodine atom to the phosphoester linkage allowing for more rapid hydrolysis of the P–O bond.
Pulmonary Hypertension: A Common Complication of Left Heart Disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) commonly results as a complication of left heart failure (systolic or nonsystolic dysfunction). It is important to note that there is a distinct difference between PH as...
Risk Factors for Mortality in Critically Ill Children Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy.

Objectives There is an increased mortality risk in critically ill children who require renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury and fluid overload. Nevertheless, renal replacement therapy is essential in managing these patients. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for mortality in critically ill children requiring renal replacement therapy. Design Single-center, retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Tertiary care children's hospital. Patients All patients admitted to an ICU at Boston Children's Hospital from January 2009 to December 2017 who required any form of renal replacement therapy. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Four-hundred sixty-three patients required inpatient renal replacement therapy over the study period. Of these, there were 98 patients who had 99 unique encounters for renal replacement therapy that met eligibility criteria for analysis. The most common diagnoses were respiratory failure, stem cell transplant, and sepsis. The overall mortality was 55.6%. Nonsurvivors had a lower ICU admission weight compared with survivors (30.0 kg vs 44.0 kg; p = 0.037) and a higher degree of fluid accumulation at the time of renal replacement therapy initiation (17.1% vs 8.1%; p = 0.021). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 7.22; 95% CI, 1.88-27.7), a longer duration of stage 3 acute kidney injury (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.15), and higher fluid balance in the 72 hours after initiating renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.20) were associated with an increased odds of mortality. Conclusions Earlier renal replacement therapy initiation with respect to the development of severe acute kidney injury was associated with lower mortality in this cohort of critically ill children. Additionally, invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of renal replacement therapy initiation and a higher degree of fluid accumulation after initiating renal replacement therapy were associated with increased mortality.
Perioperative ketamine for acute analgesia and beyond

There has been substantial interest in the use of ketamine for perioperative analgesia. Recently published articles on 'low dose' ketamine mark the resurgence in interest in the use of the drug for acute pain. Continued interest in ketamine as an anti-depressant also has opened the door to applications beyond the operating room. In this article, we will review: the history of ketamine's clinical use; basic ketamine pharmacology; evidence for the use of perioperative ketamine for analgesia; comments on patient selection for ketamine research; a discussion of the safety and side effect profile of ketamine infusions beyond the operating room; and, lastly, ketamine as a treatment option for psychiatric diseases.
Reduction in mouse allergen exposure is associated with greater lung function growth

Background Current childhood asthma therapies have little effect on lung function trajectory. Objective We sought to determine whether mouse allergen exposure reduction is associated with lung function growth in mouse-sensitized/exposed asthmatic children. Methods Three hundred fifty mouse-sensitized/exposed asthmatic children (5-17 years old) were enrolled in a 1-year randomized trial of integrated pest management plus education versus education alone. Prebronchodilator/postbronchodilator spirometry was performed at baseline and 6 and 12 months, and bedroom floor mouse allergen levels were measured every 3 months. Mouse allergen reduction was defined as a 75% or greater decrease in mouse allergen levels from baseline. Treatment groups were combined for analyses because there were no differences in outcomes between groups. Changes in lung function over time were modeled, adjusting for age, sex, race, atopy, group, and bronchodilator reversibility and including an interaction term (allergen reduction*time). Results The study population was predominantly black (79.4%) and low income (66.3% [ Conclusion Mouse allergen reduction is associated with greater increases in prebronchodilator FEV1 and prebronchodilator/postbronchodilator forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital capacity over 1 year among sensitized/exposed asthmatic children.
Phase modulation beamforming in high frame rate imaging

While high frame imaging is enabled through the use of unfocused transmit events, images formed from these transmit events have inferior resolution and elevated acoustic clutter relative to images formed with focused transmit beams, even when angular compounding is applied. An approach for forming images with increased resolution is proposed based on introducing very weak aberration into received data, then combining multiple aberrated results and subtracting the aberrated data from the original data without aberration. This approach is demonstrated in simulations, tissue-mimicking phantom experiments, and in vivo imaging. Simulations indicate the full-width half-max (FWHM) of wire targets decreases by 53.9 ± 21.1%. In data acquired in a tissue-mimicking phantom at 7.8 MHz, wire target FWHM decreases by 53.2 ± 8.7%. In vivo images also reflect the improvements seen in tissue-mimicking phantoms.
Weakness of Will and Practical Identity

In this article, I develop an Augustinian response to some contemporary philosophical proposals concerning the problem of weakness of will. I argue that many philosophers tend to cast the problem i...
Preadmission Diabetes-Specific Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether HbA1c, outpatient diabetes treatment regimen, demographics, and clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with diabetes hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 11 March to 7 May 2020 at a large academic medical center in New York City. Multivariate modeling was used to assess the independent association of HbA1c levels and outpatient diabetes treatment regimen with mortality, in addition to independent effects of demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS We included 1,126 hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19 for analysis, among whom mean age was 68 years, 50% were male, 75% were Black, mean BMI was 30 kg/m2, 98% had type 2 diabetes, mean HbA1c was 7.5%, and 33.1% died. HbA1c levels were not associated with mortality in unadjusted or adjusted analyses, but an outpatient regimen with any insulin treatment was strongly predictive. Additionally, age, sex, and BMI interacted such that in all age categories, mortality was higher with increasing BMI in males compared with females. CONCLUSIONS In this large U.S. cohort of hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19, insulin treatment, as a possible proxy for diabetes duration, and obesity rather than long-term glycemic control were predictive of mortality. Further investigation of underlying mechanisms of mortality and inpatient glycemic control is needed.
Psychosocial Risk and Its Association With Outcomes in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients

Background: Advanced heart failure therapies such as left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation require intricate follow-up and complex care. We sought to explore the burden of psychosocial...
Don’t Tax My Dreams: The Lottery Sales Response to Gambling Tax Changes:

Legalized gambling is a popular source of tax revenue in the United States. However, the ability to increase gambling tax revenue through higher tax rates is limited by the presence of nontaxable a...
How Compensation Is Determined and Potential Pitfalls for Pay Equity

Physician compensation models are becoming increasingly complex due in large part to the shift from physicians as business owners to physicians as employees of academic medical centers, health systems, large group practices, and insurance companies. Understanding the structure of historic and current pay programs is essential to analyzing the bias that may exist in compensation models that support conventional practice styles and disproportionately monetize characteristics more commonly displayed by male physicians.
Utilization and outcomes of transcatheter coil embolization for various coronary artery lesions: Single‐center 12‐year experience

Objective Determining the outcomes of transcatheter coil embolization (TCE) for several coronary artery lesions. Background TCE has been used as a treatment modality for various lesions in the coronary circulation. However, data on the efficacy and safety of TCE to treat coronary artery fistula (CAF), left internal mammary artery (LIMA) side-branch, coronary artery perforation (CAP), coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), and coronary artery pseudoaneurysm (CAPA) are limited. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis of all TCE devices in coronary lesions at our center from 2007 to 2019. Forty-one studied lesions included 25 CAF, 7 LIMA side-branch, 5 CAP, 2 CAA, and 2 CAPA. Short- and 1-year mortality and hospital readmission were reported, in addition to coil-related complications and procedural success. Results The utilization rate of TCE in coronary artery lesions at our center was found to be 33.8 per 100,000 percutaneous coronary intervention procedures over 12 years. Successful angiographic closure was achieved in 37 out of 41 (87.8%) cases (88, 100, 60, 100, and 100% of CAF, LIMA side-branch, CAP, CAA, and CAPA, respectively). No adverse events were directly related to TCE among the LIMA, CAA, and CAPA cases, and only one patient with CAF required reintervention at 3 months due to coil migration. Conclusions Coil embolization in our institution was safe and effective in treating different coronary circulation abnormalities with a 87.8% overall success rate. Further study on the use of vascular plug devices in cases such as CAF or LIMA side-branch would be beneficial to understand the treatment options better.
Perceptions and understanding about mesh and hernia surgery: What do patients really think?

Abstract Background Surgical mesh and hernia repair have come under increasing scrutiny with large amounts of press, Internet, and social media reportage regarding ongoing mesh litigation, recalls, and patient testimonials. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient perceptions of mesh in hernia surgery. Methods A 16-question survey was given to patients presenting for hernia surgery at a tertiary hernia center by trained data analysts before surgeon interaction. Results Two hundred and two patients were surveyed. Patients believed mesh caused complications (45.1%) and reported concerns about mesh (38.2%). Those who performed their own research, females, and patients with recurrent hernias were more likely to have concerns about mesh (P ≤ 0.03). Most patients (81.7%) thought they were at average risk or less for complications; patients with recurrent hernias (versus primary hernias) and incisional hernias (compared with inguinal or umbilical hernias) had more negative outlooks on complications (all P 3 months) (all P Conclusion Patients had concerns about mesh and were aware of mesh related complications. Patients performing their own research, as well as females and recurrent hernia patients, had worse perceptions of mesh. Recurrent and incisional hernia patients had greater concerns about complications, recurrence, and recovery. Preoperative education concerning mesh and mesh choice for each operation eased patient anxiety.
Fear Not Scarcity but Inequality, Not Poverty but Instability:

This special issue, “New Quantitative Approaches to Studying Social Inequality”, aims to present some of the latest methodological innovations that arise from new analytical methods, innovative stu...
Investigation on the occurrence and contamination of multi-mycotoxin in chestnut and jujube (red date)

Abstract A rapid and efficient QuEChERS-based preparation method was established for the simultaneous determination of 43 mycotoxins in chestnut and jujube (Chinese date). The contaminants were extracted using acetonitrile and subjected to dispersive solid-phase extraction for further clean-up. Central composite design was conducted to overcome the limitations of conventional optimization methods, and assess the interaction effects between variables and reach the true optimal conditions. Quantitative analysis was performed on UHPLC-MS/MS with the aid of stable isotope internal standards and matrix-matched curves, whereas qualitative identification was carried out by using high-resolution MS based on exact masses and fragmentation patterns. In addition to the mycotoxins that are routinely monitored (like aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, etc.), this study also revealed a non-negligible contamination of zearalenone (56/170), beauvericin (52/170), enniatin B (43/170), and alternariol monomethyl ether (42/170) in chestnut and jujube, especially the chestnut flour.
Touring the Fourth Dimension: Leisure Time for Services Marketers

The recreation and leisure markets are important service marketing opportunities. The literature on leisure from several disciplines including anthropology, economics, finance, leisure, management, marketing, and sociology has been reviewed as it applies to leisure time allocation decisions. The literature has been examined on the basis of a person’s time orientation, and put into the Lane and Lindquist (1988) time classification system. The classification system includes income producing time, and four other subcategories of particular interest to those in the leisure and/or recreation markets: committed, (obligated and non-obligated) and uncommitted (planned and unplanned).
Access to Care and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2 Latino Communities

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading killer of Americans. CVD is understudied among Latinos, who have high levels of CVD risk factors. This study aimed to determine whether access to health care (ie, insurance status and having a usual source of care) is associated with 4 CVD prevention factors (ie, health care utilization, CVD screening, information received from health care providers, and lifestyle factors) among Latino adults and to evaluate whether the associations depended on CVD clinical risk/disease.Data were collected as part of a community-engaged food environment intervention study in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights, CA. Logistic regressions were fitted with insurance status and usual source of care as predictors of the 4 CVD prevention factors while controlling for demographics. Analyses were repeated with interactions between self-reported CVD clinical risk/disease and access to care measures.Access to health care significantly increased the odds of CVD prevention. Having a usual source of care was associated with all factors of prevention, whereas being insured was only associated with some factors of prevention. CVD clinical risk/disease did not moderate any associations.Although efforts to reduce CVD risk among Latinos through the Affordable Care Act could be impactful, they might have limited impact in curbing CVD among Latinos, via the law's expansion of insurance coverage. CVD prevention efforts must expand beyond the provision of insurance to effectively lower CVD rates.