cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Planting Date Affects Grain and Milling Yields of Water-Seeded Clearfield Rice

Planting date affects rice grain and milling yields. However, no such research has been conducted on the imidazolinone-tolerant Clearfield (BASF Corporation, Ludwigshafen, Germany) rice, which has been rapidly adopted in the southern USA since 2003. To investigate the planting date effects on rice grain and milling yields, a field test involving both Clearfield and conventional rice cultivars was water-seeded at 2-wk intervals from late February to early July from 2003-2005 in Crowley, LA. Our results indicated that both Clearfield and conventional rice planted between 1 April and mid April produced the highest grain yield. Grain yield gradually declined at the two subsequent May planting dates, with dramatic reductions occurring thereafter. The pooled grain yields across years and cultivars were 7.94 Mg ha -1 for two April plantings, followed by 6.76 and 6.28 Mg ha -1 for early and mid May plantings, respectively. However, the two delayed plantings in early June and late June or early July produced the lowest grain yields of 4.51 and 3.64 Mg ha -1 , respectively. The highest head rice yield of 652 g kg -1 was observed at mid-April planting dates, followed by 638 g kg -1 at mid-May planting dates. However, rice seeded immediately after those two dates had the lowest head rice yields of 606 and 597 g kg -1 , respectively, which might be related to the low seedling stand and/or hot and dry weather during late August and early September when the rice headed. Therefore, water seeding of both Clearfield and conventional rice should occur from 1 April to mid-April in southwest Louisiana to maximize both grain and milling yields.
Speech-language pathology/audiology: service delivery in rural and isolated regions of South Africa.

I spent 2 months in South Africa at the Medical University of Southern Africa (MEDUNSA) located near Pretoria. This article represents my observations of service delivery to black South Africans in rural and isolated areas.
Context-dependent contributions of backbone hydrogen bonding to β-sheet folding energetics

Backbone hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are prominent features of protein structures; however, their role in protein folding remains controversial because they cannot be selectively perturbed by traditional methods of protein mutagenesis1,2,3. Here we have assessed the contribution of backbone H-bonds to the folding kinetics and thermodynamics of the PIN WW domain, a small β-sheet protein4, by individually replacing its backbone amides with esters. Amide-to-ester mutations site-specifically perturb backbone H-bonds in two ways: a H-bond donor is eliminated by replacing an amide NH with an ester oxygen, and a H-bond acceptor is weakened by replacing an amide carbonyl with an ester carbonyl5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. We perturbed the 11 backbone H-bonds of the PIN WW domain by synthesizing 19 amide-to-ester mutants. Thermodynamic studies on these variants show that the protein is most destabilized when H-bonds that are enveloped by a hydrophobic cluster are perturbed. Kinetic studies indicate that native-like secondary structure forms in one of the protein's loops in the folding transition state, but the backbone is less ordered elsewhere in the sequence. Collectively, our results provide an unusually detailed picture of the folding of a β-sheet protein.
Media Imperialism and the Videocassette Recorder: The Case of Turkey

The growing decentralization of media in developing countries, particularly through the VCR and more locally produced media products, requires a rethinking of the cultural and economic components of the media imperialism thesis.
Would You Like Fries (380 Calories) With That? Menu Labeling Mitigates The Impact Of Weight-Based Stereotype Threat On Food Choice

Policies that focus on self-regulation are being implemented to reduce obesity. One policy is menu labeling, the provision of calorie information on restaurant menus, which has evidenced mixed results. To illuminate the role of psychological processes, we examined the effect of weight-based stereotype threat on food choice as a function of body mass index (BMI). In Study 1, participants under stereotype threat ordered food containing more calories from a conventional menu that did not present calorie information as BMI increased, whereas no association between BMI and calories was found in the control (no threat) condition. In Study 2, participants under stereotype threat ordered more calories from a conventional menu as BMI increased, whereas no association between BMI and calories was found among participants who ordered from a calorie menu, demonstrating that menu labeling eliminated the stereotype threat effect. Theoretical and practical implications for stereotype threat and policy interventions are ...
Bulk wind estimator performance for AO systems

We use the Cramer-Rao lower bound to find that the error in a bulk wind estimator is dependent on both the signal-to-noise ratio at the wavefront sensor and the spatial frequency content of the wavefront.
Regimes of polymer adsorption-desorption kinetics

Abstract We show, and support with experiments, two limiting regimes of polymer adsorption-desorption. When these processes are rate limited by diffusion they are expected to be non-exponential in time and the time constant is inversely proportional to the diffusion coefficient. When these processes are rate limited by the energetics of surface detachment, they are expected to be exponential in time and the time constant is exponential in the molecular weight. This suggests a unifying perspective from which to analyze polymer mobility at surfaces.
Multiple forms of mechanosensitive ion channels in osteoblast-like cells.

Patch-clamp recording techniques were used to examine the direct effects of mechanical stimulation on ion channel activity in human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Three classes of mechanosensitive ion channels were present and could be distinguished on the basis of conductance, ionic selectivity, and sensitivity to membrane tension. The largest conductance channel (160 pS) was K(+)-selective and showed both a decrease in long closed interval duration and an increase in burst length with increasing membrane tension. For low applied pressures, there was an e-fold increase in the probability of this channel being open (Popen) for every 3.4 cm2 Hg change in pressure. Two additional pressure-dependent channels had smaller conductances, i.e., 60 pS and 20 pS; the 60 pS channel appeared to be non-selective for cations. We propose that one or more of these mechanosensitive channels is involved in the response of bone to mechanical loading.
Lower doses of human menopausal gonadotropin are associated with improved success with in vitro fertilization in women with low body weight.

Abstract Since previous data suggested hyperresponsiveness to human menopausal gonadotropin by women with low body weight, the daily dose was reduced to 1.5 ampules in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization weighing
Microscopic thrombi in anaplastic astrocytoma predict worse survival

The purpose of this study is to determine whether anaplastic astrocytoma patients with intratumoral vascular thrombi have a worse survival than anaplastic astrocytoma patients without thrombi. A retrospective review of 101 patients (60 males; mean age, 53.3 years) with anaplastic astrocytoma (World Health Organization grade III) was conducted. Thrombi were counted relative to the number of involved blood vessels in the initially resected tumor (69 biopsies, 32 subtotal resections) and were correlated with survival and development of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Of tumors with thrombi (n = 17), the percentage of blood vessels with thrombi ranged from 1.5% to 20% (mean, 5.6%). Of these patients, 16 died of tumor (mean survival, 15.4 months), and 1 patient was alive with tumor at 180 months. Eighty-four patients with anaplastic astrocytoma had no intravascular tumor thrombi; 75 of these patients died of tumor (mean survival, 26.5 months), 4 patients were alive, and 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Evidence of DVT was found in 2 (18.2%) of 11 tested patients with thrombi vs 10 (18.5%) of 54 patients without thrombi. Patients with microscopic intratumoral thrombi (17% of anaplastic astrocytoma) had a worse survival compared with patients without thrombi; the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no correlation between the presence of intratumoral thrombi and the development of DVT.
Creep crack growth behavior of several structural alloys

Creep crack growth behavior of several high temperature alloys, Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Inconel X-750, Hastelloy X, Nimonic PE-16, Incoloy 800, and Haynes 25 (HS-25) was examined at 540, 650, 760, and 870 °C. Crack growth rates were analyzed in terms of both linear elastic stress intensity factor and J*-integral parameter. Among the alloys Inconel 600 and Hastelloy X did not show any observable crack growth. Instead, they deformed at a rapid rate resulting in severe blunting of the crack tip. The other alloys, Inconel 625, Inconel X-750, Incoloy 800, HS-25, and PE-16 showed crack growth at one or two temperatures and deformed continuously at other temperatures. Crack growth rates of the above alloys in terms ofJ* parameter were compared with the growth rates of other alloys published in the literature. Alloys such as Inconel X-750, Alloy 718, and IN-100 show very high growth rates as a result of their sensitivity to an air environment. Based on detailed fracture surface analysis, it is proposed that creep crack growth occurs by the nucleation and growth of wedge-type cracks at triple point junctions due to grain boundary sliding or by the formation and growth of cavities at the boundaries. Crack growth in the above alloys occurs only in some critical range of strain rates or temperatures. Since the service conditions for these alloys usually fall within this critical range, knowledge and understanding of creep crack growth behavior of the structural alloys are important.
Epitaxial electrodeposition of chiral CuO films from copper(II) complexes of malic acid on Cu(111) and Cu(110) single crystals

Chiral films of CuO were anodically electrodeposited onto Cu(111) and Cu(110) single crystals from alkaline solutions of Cu(II) complexed with the malate ion. The chirality of the film was directed by the chiral solution precursor. X-Ray diffraction pole figures and stereographic projections were used to determine the absolute configuration of the films. CuO films grown on Cu(111) from L-malate had (11) and (311) orientations and the films grown from D-malate had (1) and () orientations. CuO films grown on Cu(110) from L-malate had (110) and (31) orientations, whereas the films grown from D-malate deposition bath had (0) and (1) orientations. The CuO films grown from a racemic malate bath showed only the (11) and (1) orientations on Cu(111) and (110) and (0) orientations on Cu(110). Single crystals of L-, D- and DL-bis(malato)copper(II) dihydrate complexes were synthesized and the structures were determined with X-ray crystallography. The chiral complexes of bis(malato)copper(II) dihydrate were each found to belong to the monoclinic space groupP21 whereas the racemic complex belonged to the centrosymmetric P21/c space group. The chiral complexes formed coordination polymers along the b-axis, with the carboxyl group from each complex linking to the axial site of an adjacent Cu(II) complex. In the complex produced from the racemic mixture, no coordination polymers formed.
Immunolesions of glucoresponsive projections to the arcuate nucleus alter glucoprivic-induced alterations in food intake, luteinizing hormone secretion, and GALP mRNA, but not sex behavior in adult male rats.

Metabolic signals such as insulin, leptin and glucose are known to alter hypothalamic function. Although insulin and leptin are known to directly alter hypothalamic areas that regulate reproduction, t
Formation of Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Bulges: A Rotating Collapse Model Consistent with the $\mbh-σ$ Relation

Motivated by the observed correlation between black hole masses M(sub BH) and the velocity dispersion sigma of host galaxies, we develop a theoretical model of black hole formation in galactic bulges (this paper generalizes an earlier ApJ Letter). The model assumes an initial state specified by a uniform rotation rate OMEGA and a density distribution of the form rho = a(sup 2)(sub eff)per2piGR(sup 2)(so that a(sub eff)is an effective transport speed). The black hole mass is determined when the centrifugal radius of the collapse flow exceeds the capture radius of the central black hole (for Schwarzschild geometry). This model reproduces the observed correlation between the estimated black hole masses and the velocity dispersions of galactic bulges, i.e., M(sub BH) approximately equal to 10(sup 8) solar mass(sigma per 200 kilometers per second)(sup 4) where sigma = the square root of 2a(sub eff). To obtain this normalization, the rotation rate OMEGA approximately equal to 2 x 10(exp -15) rad per second. The model also defines a bulge mass scale M(sub B). If we identify the scale M(sub B) with the bulge mass, the model determines the ratio mu(sub B) of black hole mass to the host mass: mu(sub B) approximately equal to 0.0024(sigma per 200 kilometer per second), again in reasonable agreement with observed values. In this scenario, supermassive black holes form quickly (in approximately 10(exp 5) yr) and are born rapidly rotating (with a per M approximately 0.9). This paper also shown how these results depend on the assumed initial conditions; the most important quantity is the initial distribution of specific angular momentum in the precollapse state.
Usefulness of serum creatinine as a marker for coronary events in elderly patients with either systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus

Abstract Elderly patients with systolic or diastolic hypertension, 1,2 or with diabetes mellitus, 1,2 have an increased incidence of new coronary events. Renal disease occurs in patients with systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Some 3–6 but not all studies 7,8 have shown that patients on chronic maintenance dialysis have an increased incidence of mortality from cardiovascular disease. This article reports the results from a prospective study performed to correlate increased serum creatinine in elderly patients with systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus with the incidence of new coronary events.
Linear response of the human erythrocyte to mechanical stress.

The human erythrocyte readily changes its shape in response to mechanical stress. Geometrical methods are used to analyze this effect in three experiments: thermal shape fluctuation (flicker), electrodeformation, and tank treading, which is the circulation of the membrane around the interior fluid in a shear flow. Comparison with existing data indicates that both flicker and tank treading represent the motion of a fluid membrane. At the same time it is a solid membrane (i.e., possessing a shear modulus) that resists large-scale shape change. This combination of fluid and solid membrane properties is in some ways paradoxical.
Public Reactions to Automated Call Direction Systems

A survey of 800 adults from the general public mea- sured attitudes, images, and behavior regarding Automated Call Direction (ACD) systems. The term, "necessary evil" best charac- terizes overall attitudes. Images of ACD were largely negative. Respondents saw few caller benefits, but these negative attitudes and images did not translate into conscious, negative behavioral reac- tions. Rather, respondents indicated they would "put up with it," although strongly preferring human conversation. The results con- tain three suggestions for those in Marketing and Promotion consid- ering installation of ACD: Carefully consider the impact on callers, be fastidious about specifying the "menus," and have operators available to respond in person on caller demand.
The relationship between shear rate and flow-mediated dilation is altered by acute exercise.

Aim Endothelial function is a predictor of cardiovascular health and is improved with exercise training. However, it is not clear how exercise acutely affects endothelial function. Previous studies present conflicting results, resulting from varied exercise protocols and ambiguity in data analysis after exercise. The aims of this study were to compare brachial artery endothelial function at rest and post-exercise in and to compare the data expressed as a percent change and normalized to shear rate (SR). Methods Fifteen young, healthy subjects completed flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests at rest and immediately after a continuous 30-min treadmill exercise session. Flow-mediated dilation was calculated as percent change in diameter and also normalized for SR. Results Flow-mediated dilation was reduced after exercise (8.9 ± 4.3 to 5.8 ± 3.9%, P < 0.05), but normalizing for SR nullified this difference (3.6 × 10−4 ± 1.8 × 10−4 to 2.7 × 10−4 ± 2.4 × 10−4%, P = 0.25). Baseline SR was significantly greater after exercise than at rest (224 ± 72 to 354 ± 158 s−1, P < 0.05). Baseline diameter, time to peak diameter, and SR area under the curve were not different between the two conditions. The relationship between SR and FMD was strong at rest (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), but weak post-exercise (r = 0.16, P = 0.6). Conclusion The weak relationship in FMD and SR after exercise suggests that these data should not be normalized following aerobic exercise. Thus, endothelial function was attenuated after a continuous 30-min aerobic exercise session.
Reclaiming the Person: Intersectionality and Dynamic Social Categories Through a Psychological Lens

Psychology’s conventionally treatment of individuals’ engagement with and resistance to the societal processes in which they are embedded has come under scrutiny amid the rise of postmodernist and critical feminist perspectives (among many others) in the social sciences. A sample of social psychology’s responses to these critiques is presented in the recently published book, Social Categories in Everyday Experience edited by Shaun Wiley et al. (2011). In this essay, the challenges of seriously addressing the critiques of psychology’s conventional treatment of social categories, which implicate fundamental assumptions of the discipline, are discussed. Further, it is argued that in order to effectively construct psychological accounts of political activism and social change amid theories that are increasingly cognizant of the complexities and contingencies of social embeddiness, the person must be reclaimed and revisioned. Notions of agency that complement an intersectional and systemic vision of the social world are discussed.
Novel methods and universal software for HRXRD, XRR and GISAXS data interpretation

Several novel methods for evaluation and interpretation of X-ray data from modern nanostructures are presented along with their applications. The background of methods and their relations to fundamental problems of X-ray analysis is shortly described. The key features of LEPTOS software, which is designed for the analysis of X-ray data measured with various geometries and setups and implements all discussed techniques, are discussed.
Correlation of somatic cell steroid secretion and quality of generated oocytes after in-vitro stimulation of mouse follicles

Purpose: To test the possibility of follicular somatic cell steroidogenesis as a marker for quality of their embraced oocytes. Methods: Mechanically isolated mouse preantral follicles were cultured and matured in-vitro (IVC/IVM) for study. Results: During IVC/IVM, oogenesis occurred concomitantly with folliculogenesis in a coordinated manner and simultaneously with progressive increments of somatic cell steroidogenesis. Follicular E2 production of matured oocytes were significantly higher than that of immature ones. The majority of MII oocytes (32/36) and all developed blastocysts(12/12) were associated with active E2 production prior to ovulation. In this study, 18 MII oocytes met both requirements for active and optimal E2 production. 13 of them were fertilized and 10 developed into blastocysts. Conclusion: Active somatic cell steroidogenesis prior to ovulation and an optimal steroid milieu at ovulation are prerequisites for generation of competent oocytes after follicular maturation in-vitro.
Creative Inquiry: Confronting the challenges of scholarship in the 21st century

Abstract It is becoming increasingly apparent that creativity and imagination are key to envisioning alternatives to the problems of postnormal times. At the same time, educational institutions all over the globe are still mired in assumptions from the machine/industrial age, preparing students for reproduction and conformity rather than creativity. This article outlines the philosophical foundations of an educational approach in which creativity is central to scholarship, where learners move from being consumers to creators and from bystanders to participants in the postnormal dance of knowledge.
Each Mind a Kingdom: American Women, Sexual Purity, and the New Thought Movement, 1875-1920

The New Thought Movement was a popular late 19th century spiritual movement led largely by and for women. Mary Baker Eddy's Christian Science is one example of the range of these groups, which advocated a belief in mind over matter and espoused women's spiritual ability of purify the world. This work uncovers the cultural implications of New Thought, embedding it in the intellectual traditions of 19th-century America, and illuminating its connections with the self-help and New Age enthusiasms of our own fin-de-siecle. Betty Satter examines New Thought in all its complexity, presenting along the way a captivating cast of characters. She introduces the people, the institutionsm the texts, and the ideas that comprised the New Thought Movement.
Low tuning voltage hybrid silicon and lithium niobate optical microring resonator with integrated electrodes

We present a silicon microring resonator with a lithium niobate top cladding and integrated tuning electrodes. The silicon ring functions as an optically transparent conductor to yield a DC tunability of 12.5 pm/V.
Frontal dynamics in a California Current System shallow front: 2. Mesoscale vertical velocity

[1] This is the second paper investigating the three-dimensional dynamics from two consecutive, quasi-synoptic surveys of a shallow front in the California Current System. The mesoscale vertical velocity (w) is obtained by solving a generalized ω equation using density and horizontal velocity observations. Highly nonlinear dynamics emerge from the ageostrophic forcing terms for w in an adiabatic generalized ω equation. The two main processes driving w are (1) wind-induced cross-frontal ageostrophic circulation (survey 1) and (2) ageostrophic kinematic deformation during frontogenesis (surveys 1 and 2). The horizontally averaged heat fluxes are positive in the whole water column with maxima at ∼50 m, which warms (cools) the upper (lower) water column and upwells (downwells) light (dense) water. Wind-induced currents interact with the front, cooling the upper ocean and creating a divergent potential vorticity (PV) flux at the Ekman layer base which weakens the vertical heat and PV fluxes in survey 1. Vertical velocity extrema reach ∼10 m d−1 in both surveys. A diabatic ω equation is derived, which introduces an important new idea: the relation of the frictional w with the vertical diffusivity of the differential ageostrophic vorticity. This term is not found in the quasi-geostrophic ω equation. By including vertical mixing, ∣w∣ is enhanced by a factor of 2 in the upper ∼100 m and reduced below. This effect is pronounced when the wind blows in the direction of the frontal jet, but it is sensitive to the vertical mixing parameterization.
Xanthogranuloma of the sciatic nerve: case report.

OBJECTIVE and IMPORTANCE: Xanthogranulomas involving the central or peripheral nervous system are extraordinarily rare. None have been reported in the lower extremity. Here, we report arid characterize the first case of xanthogranuloma of the sciatic nerve. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old woman presented with poorly localized right back and groin pain. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed an enhancing lesion of the sciatic nerve in the right gluteal region. INTERVENTION: The sciatic nerve xanthogranuloma was resected without complication. CONCLUSION: Our report indicates that xanthogranuloma, although extremely rare, may occur throughout the nervous system. Our evaluation demonstrates that such lesions involving the peripheral nervous system have similar pathological characteristics to xanthogranulomas that more commonly occur in the skin.
Spectroscopic detection of terrestrial deuterium

Observation of Mars at 1212–1218 A with the HST Goddard high-resolution spectrograph revealed both Mars' and Earth's D Ly-α lines. The telluric line intensity is 17±4 R (Rayleighs) at 600 km. We construct a model for H2, H, HD, and D from 85 to 500 km with escape velocities VH and VD as the model parameters. D is formed by photolysis of HDO and in reactions of HD with O, O+, and O(¹D). The calculated intensity at solar minimum (F10 7 cm = 70, T∞ = 736 K) agrees with the measured value for VD = 80±15 cm/s. We applied our model to previous detections of deuterium by means of deuterium absorption cells and ion mass spectrometry. Escapes of H and D are diffusion limited, isotope fractionation factor is 0.88, and deuterium enrichment in the escape processes is ineffective.
A Systematic Method for Designing DNA Nanostructure Assembly Processes

Inspired by the complexity and diversity of biological structures that self-assemble in vivo, a fundamental goal of bionanotechnology is to self-assemble biomolecular complexes with defined architecture from a set of starting components. To design such structures, many standard methods involve constructing components that strongly bind to their neighbors through orientation-specific interactions. While these design methods ensure the target structure is favored thermodynamically, in practice the yields of the resulting assembly processes vary widely and do not conform to equilibrium predictions.To investigate why yields might be limited, we have developed a simple model of biomolecular complex self-assembly using reported rate constants and thermodynamic parameters typical for biomolecular components. Such a coarse-grained model is particularly useful in cases where we consider the assembly of engineered components and purposely design the process to include simple interactions. With these kinetic simulations, we show that even though complexes are small and equilibrium is well defined, rarely is thermodynamic equilibrium achieved over timescales commensurate with experiments. We find that rates of complex nucleation and component rearrangement together determine assembly yields.Our goal is to use this model in conjunction with experimental information to build a computer-guided, scalable design process for DNA origami components. We have used fluorescence-quenching assays to measure origami-origami reaction rates and equilibrium constants that are driven by specific Watson-Crick complementary (i.e., “sticky end”) interactions. A feedback loop between experimental measurements of a self-assembly process and a coarse-grained, computationally tractable model can guide the design of the assembly process by making it possible to focus our assembly efforts on specific interactions that make a strong difference in yields, or to redesign the process to include qualitatively new types of component interactions.
Under-Prepared Students: Essentials beyond Academics

Teacher education programs continue to struggle with preparing highly qualified teachers ready to meet the academic, cultural, exceptionality and linguistic challenges, which are increasingly the reality of American's classrooms. Despite increased academic rigor in such programs, many emerging teachers are still ill prepared to each effectively students from cultural and racial backgrounds different from their own. The article asserts that this is due in part to a lack of an appropriate disposition on the part of future teachers. Further, the authors provide three strategies they use routinely with their undergraduate teacher education students that hold promise for effecting positive changes in disposition.
The Impact of Anticipated Social Consequences on Recurring Disability Accommodation Requests

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) has not achieved its potential, in part, because those it sought to help have shown a reluctance to request accommodations. Using survey data from 229 hearing-impaired employees and an expert panel, logistic regression confirmed that monetary costs and impositions on others negatively influence the likelihood of requesting recurring accommodations. Furthermore, monetary costs and impositions on others negatively influence the requester’s assessments of the social consequences of making such requests. These consequences, in turn, can also negatively influence future disability accommodation requests.
A review of dynamic generator reduction methods for transient stability studies

Due to the complex interconnected nature of power system, aggregate or reduced system is commonly used by operators and engineers for various power system studies. Transient stability studies need dynamically reduced models to include the dynamic effects of the generating units. Dynamic generator reduction is therefore an important component of power system dynamic reduction. The many different methods for generator reduction in power systems taken from the earliest available literature are discussed. This paper aims to provide an easy reference to researchers interested in exploring dynamic reduction of power systems.
A noise-driven effective capacitance method with fast embedded noise rule calculation for functional noise analysis

We present a noise-driven effective capacitance method for estimating the combined propagation noise and crosstalk noise. Gate propagation noise rules are efficiently calculated inside the Ceff procedure to determine a linear Thevenin model of the victim driver. A voltage-dependent current source model (Croix and Wong, 2003 and Keller et al.,2004) of the driver, along with a load capacitor is analyzed to generate the gate output waveform, from which noise rules are directly extracted. This method removes potential errors introduced in traditional look-up table or fitted-equation based noise rules. The linear driver Thevenin model can then be employed to analyze the propagation noise, while the same Thevenin resistance can be used to analyze the crosstalk noise. The combined coupling and propagation noise can then be estimated using superposition. In this work, we extend the popular timing-driven effective capacitance method into the noise domain. Similar to the effective capacitance method in timing analysis, this technique can successfully separate the nonlinear driver analysis from the linear interconnect analysis. In addition, the linear driver model can significantly ease the task of finding the worst-case peak alignment among all the victim and aggressor noise sources. Experimental results on both RC and RLC nets from industry designs show both accuracy and efficiency compared to SPICE results.
The future of treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common pediatric rheumatic condition. Advances in identification of cytokines, inflammatory networks and genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease may lead us towards a more personalized approach to treatment and a biological classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Identification of biomarkers for disease activity, response to treatment and use of ultrasound may improve the definition of inactive disease and remission. New treatment targets and use of comparative effectiveness research can facilitate protocolized treatment that is specific to each child's disease.
Detecting leadership and cohesion in spoken interactions

We present a system for detecting leadership and group cohesion in multiparty dialogs and broadcast conversations in English and Mandarin. We systematically investigate the impact of features and designs of the prediction systems, the relationships between features and their individual significance in logistic regressions, and the contributions of feature groupings as predictors for leader and group cohesion, across genres and languages. We achieve 73.0% to 94.7% F1 accuracy for leader detection and around 80% F1 accuracy for group cohesion detection, on all data sets.
A computational fluid dynamics study pre- and post-stent graft placement in an acute type B aortic dissection.

Purpose: To demonstrate the capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for quantifying hemodynamic forces pretreatment/posttreatment in type B aortic dissection (TB-AD). Methods: From CFD simulations initialized with dynamic magnetic resonance image data, wall shear stress (WSS) and dynamic pressure (dynP) changes post endovascular treatment were quantified. Results: After 1 year follow-up, thoracic aortic segment was completely remodeled, and persistent, nonthrombosed false lumen in the abdominal aorta was noted. Pretreatment, large WSS (>5 Pa) and dynP (>80 Pa) occurred at entrance tear and a stenotic region in the true lumen (TL). Posttreatment, WSS was lower than 3.3 Pa and dynP was lower than 55 Pa in TL, except at proximal end of the stent graft and at reentrance tear. Two focal locations of high dynP existed within the stent graft. Conclusions: Computational fluid dynamics may provide quantitative assessment of hemodynamic wall forces in TB-AD potentially of interest for follow-up examinations.
A chemical platform for improved induction of human iPSCs.

A cocktail of three small molecules improves the efficiency of reprogramming human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells and allows survival of the cells after trypsinization. The slow kinetics and low efficiency of reprogramming methods to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) impose major limitations on their utility in biomedical applications. Here we describe a chemical approach that dramatically improves (200-fold) the efficiency of iPSC generation from human fibroblasts, within seven days of treatment. This will provide a basis for developing safer, more efficient, nonviral methods for reprogramming human somatic cells.
Self-consistent electro-thermal simulation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for reliability prediction

During the last few years, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been intensively studied for high-frequency high-power applications. In spite of this great interest, device reliability is still an important challenge for the wide deployment of AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology. To fully understand reliability in these devices, it is necessary to consider the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of the operating AlGaN/GaN transistors. Since AlGaN and GaN are both piezoelectric materials, the coupling between electric field and mechanical characteristics gives rise to changes in the stress/strain field and thus electronic properties of HEMTs [1]. Most published work has focused on the role of the inverse piezoelectric effect induced by the electric field [2], however, lattice heating also changes the mechanical properties of HEMTs and its effect on device reliability is also important. In this paper, we have developed the first fully-coupled electro-thermo-mechanical simulation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to study the reliability of these devices as a function of bias voltage and operating temperature. In addition, we have compared the numerical results of our simulations with high resolution thermo-reflectance measurements [3], obtaining excellent agreement.
Predicting Germination Response to Temperature. II. Three-dimensional Regression, Statistical Gridding and Iterative-probit Optimization Using Measured and Interpolated-subpopulation Data

• Background and Aims Most current thermal-germination models are parameterized with subpopulation-specific rate data, interpolated from cumulative-germination-response curves. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative accuracy of three-dimensional models for predicting cumulative germination response to temperature. Three-dimensional models are relatively more efficient to implement than two-dimensional models and can be parameterized directly with measured data. • Methods Seeds of four rangeland grass species were germinated over the constant-temperature range of 3 to 38°C and monitored for subpopulation variability in germination-rate response. Models for estimating subpopulation germination rate were generated as a function of temperature using three-dimensional regression, statistical gridding and iterative-probit optimization using both measured and interpolated-subpopulation data as model inputs. • Key Results Statistical gridding is more accurate than three-dimensional regression and iterative-probit optimization for modelling germination rate and germination time as a function of temperature and subpopulation. Optimization of the iterative-probit model lowers base-temperature estimates, relative to two-dimensional cardinal-temperature models, and results in an inability to resolve optimal-temperature coefficients as a function of subpopulation. Residual model error for the three-dimensional model was extremely high when parameterized with measured-subpopulation data. Use of measured data for model evaluation provided a more realistic estimate of predictive error than did evaluation of the larger set of interpolated-subpopulation data. • Conclusions Statistical-gridding techniques may provide a relatively efficient method for estimating germination response in situations where the primary objective is to estimate germination time. This methodology allows for direct use of germination data for model parameterization and automates the significant computational requirements of a two-dimensional piece-wise-linear model, previously shown to produce the most accurate estimates of germination time.
PRIMARY TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE CALIBRATION OF EARLY LITERACY PRACTICES

This research design was based on the knowledge calibration work by Cunningham, Perry, Stanovich, and Stanovich (2004). One hundred and forty-one full time teachers participated in a four day professional development workshop on research-based reading instruction. Participants were administered a three-part survey comprised of 1) demographic information 2) knowledge calibration items measuring perceived understanding of phonics, phonological awareness, and syllabication and 3) phonics pretest published in Self-Paced Phonics: A Text for Educators (2005). There were statistically significant differences between participants who rated their knowledge as high and those who rated their knowledge as low on the phonological and phonics items. However, teachers in this study overestimated their knowledge of phonological awareness and phonics. There were no significant differences between those who rated their knowledge as high as compared to those who rated their knowledge as low on the subtest knowledge of syllabication. In addition, no significant differences were found between new teachers and experienced teachers in their knowledge in the three domains. The results and discussion address the importance of knowledge calibration to develop professional educational experiences for new and experienced teachers.
Dynamical system theory and simple fluid flow

What I want to talk about today is non-periodic flow described by deterministic equations. Yesterday, Dr. Narasimha said that I may shed some light on the problem of turbulence. I am not too optimistic. Physicists have often tried to understand turbulence in the past, from Heisenberg to Landau to Feynman, but physicists come and go and the problem of turbulence remains. What I hope to show in this historical sketch is that deterministic systems leading to chaotic behavior are interesting in themselves and perhaps are relevant for the coherent structures that are observed in many flows.
Implementation of MEMCAD system for electrostatic and mechanical analysis of complex structures from mask descriptions

The development of a first implementation of the MEMCAD system (version 1.0) is reported. The system is composed of three commercial mechanical CAD software packages integrated with specialized structure generation and electrostatic analysis programs. The authors describe the system and demonstrate its capabilities using a comb drive example constructed directly from a CIH description of its mask set. The analysis of the comb drive, all the way from generating a full 3-D model from mask descriptions to calculating comb levitation forces, takes just a few hours. >
A novel technique to decouple electrical and thermal effects in SOA limitation of power LDMOSFET

This letter reports a novel technique to isolate thermal and electrical failure mechanisms in a power LDMOSFET device by deactivating the parasitic bipolar transistor while maintaining the MOS gate control. It is shown that the energy capability of the device remains constant as a function of the drain voltage in the event of a purely thermal failure, whereas the standard device shows a decrease in energy capability indicating electrothermal coupling. Nevertheless, the standard device energy capability is close to that obtained in the case of pure thermal failure, indicating that the thermal phenomenon dominates in determining the device failure and that electrical effects, though present, only minutely influence the device failure.
Prevalence and Correlates of Periodic Limb Movements in Older Women

Study Objectives: Periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) are common in the elderly. However, no large polysomnographic study has closely examined the relationship of PLMS to sleep architecture and arousals from sleep. We investigated the prevalence and correlates of PLMS in a community-based sample of older women. Design: Observational study, cross-sectional analyses. Setting: Two clinical sites participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Participants: 455 older community-dwelling women (mean age 82.9 years) who completed in-home polysomnography at SOF visit 8. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: In-home 12 channel polysomnography was performed with measurement of leg movements by bilateral piezo sensors. Measures of PLMS included the number of leg movements per hour of sleep (PLMI) and the number of leg movements causing EEGdocumented arousals per hour of sleep (PLMA). An elevated PLMI was common, with 66% showing PLMI ≥ 5 and 52% showing PLMI ≥ 15. A PLMA ≥ 5 and ≥ 15 were observed in 124 (27%) and 26 (6%) participants respectively. After adjustment for the potential confounders of antidepressant medication use, age, race, body mass index, and apnea-hypopnea index, participants with a higher PLMA had a significantly higher arousal index, lower sleep efficiency, higher percentages of sleep stages 1 and 2 and lower percentages of stages 3-4 and REM (p<.001). An increased PLMI was associated with a higher arousal index, but not with other indices of sleep quality. Neither PLMI or PMLA was associated with subjective sleepiness or other known comorbidities. Conclusions: Periodic leg movements are very common in older community-dwelling women. PLMS which were associated with EEG arousals had a strong and consistent association with markers of disturbed sleep. PLMS associated with arousals thus appear to be more clinically relevant and should be considered when examining health outcomes
Using a Galois connection to compute character degrees

Given a Mersenne prime q and a positive even integer e, let F and E be the fields of orders q and q e respectively. Let C be a cyclic subgroup of E × whose index in E × is divisible only by primes dividing q 1. We compute the character degrees of the group C ⋊ Gal(E/F) by using the Galois connection between the subfields of E and the Galois group Gal(E/F).
Characterization of Scattering from Nanoparticles Using Far-Field Interferometric Microscopy

Analysis and simulations show that coherent confocal microscopy techniques, such as Optical Coherence Microscopy, can be used to estimate the polarizability tensor of an imaged nanoparticle. The estimation process is robust to noise and defocus.
Metatarsal osteotomy for primary metatarsalgia: radiographic and pedobarographic study.

The effect of surgical procedures for primary metatarsalgia on the load distribution and bony architecture of the forefoot is poorly understood. A prospective study was performed on 45 feet with this diagnosis treated by dorsal wedge osteotomy and compared with 29 symptom-free contralateral feet. Each foot was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with quantitative radiographic analysis, a pedobarographic study, and by physical examination. Following osteotomy there was a 4.5-mm increase in average height from ground and a 7.0 psi decrease in pressure. The symptom-free control group demonstrated no statistically significant changes. Residual pain occurred with an average height increase of less than 3.5 mm and an average pressure decrease of less than 1.5 psi. Transfer lesions developed in three of four patients with a height increase of greater than 4.5 mm. The symptoms of metatarsalgia are altered by changes in height of the metatarsal or the pressure beneath it. It is not possible to predict the...
Addressing spin transitions on Bi 209 donors in silicon using circularly polarized microwaves

The authors demonstrate the selective addressability of two nearly degenerate clock transitions in bismuth-doped ${}^{28}$Si without tuning the magnetic field or microwave frequency. Rather, they vary the microwave polarization between clockwise and counterclockwise circular polarizations, which can be done rapidly. To generate the circularly polarized microwaves, a superconducting coplanar waveguide microresonator was oriented inside a tunable dielectric resonator such that their microwave magnetic fields can be superimposed to give any arbitrary microwave polarization. This work not only opens up additional states near the Si:Bi clock transition, which can be used for different quantum computing schemes, it also demonstrates a clever method for generating arbitrarily polarized microwaves.
Analysis of an Innovative Inward Turning Inlet Using an Air -JP8 Combustion Mixture at Mach 7

Two different strategies, one based on a new innovative elliptic d esign and the other based on a classic non axisymetric or rectangular cross -section, are explored numerically using AVUS and GPACT. Both configurations utilize the same dual -compression strategy – the first in the pitch plane, followed by the second in the yaw plane and the compression ratio is maintained at equal values. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the fully three -dimensional viscous/inviscid interaction phenomena encountered, and their impact on distortion is analyzed. This radical inlet design is compared with respect to phenomenological models of performance. Both configurations are followed by an analogous combustor containing a commonly used trap vortex combustor (TVC) or cavity. The chosen flight trajectory is taken at Mach 7 a nd a dynamic pressure of 1500 psf . The elliptic cross -section inlet, denoted “Jaws” because of its shape, is designed using compression theory to provide planar shocks emanating from the leading edges. Advantages over the rectangular -duct or base design i nclude an absence of shock -on -cowl -lip interactions – which can lead to catastrophic failure of the cowl -lip – and potentially lower losses through viscous -inviscid interactions. Additional effects at the side edges of the base line design, where captured mass flow of air escapes behind the first set of shocks, are analyzed. And finally, a considerable reduction is found in the boundary layer growth and potentially higher combustion efficiency in Jaws than its rectangular counterpart.