cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMMENT ON M. J. GREENWOOD'S "SIMULTANEITY BIAS IN MIGRATION MODELS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION"

Abstract : The main purpose of Michael Greenwood's recent article ('Simultaneity Bias in Migration Models: An Empirical Examination,' Demography, Vol. 12, No. 3, August 1975, pp. 519-536) is to examine empirically the importance of simultaneity bias in standard models of migration. The problem of disentangling cause and effect between migration and 'explanatory' variables is an important one that has plagued nearly every migration researcher and hence deserves careful attention. However, the commentator feels that Greenwood's attempt to assess the importance of simultaneity bias and his study in general are flawed in several respects.
Energy-aware compilation and execution in Java-enabled mobile devices

Java-enabled wireless devices are preferred for various reasons such as enhanced user experience and the support for dynamically downloading applications on demand. The dynamic download capability supports extensibility of the mobile client features and centralizes application maintenance at the server. Also, it enables service providers to customize features for the clients. In this work, we extend this client-server collaboration further by offloading some of the computations (i.e., method execution and dynamic compilation) normally performed by the mobile client to the resource-rich server in order to conserve energy consumed by the client in a wireless Java environment. In the proposed framework, the object serialization feature of Java is used to allow offloading of both method execution and bytecode-to-native code compilation to the server when executing a Java application. Our framework takes into account communication, computation and compilation energies to dynamically decide where to compile and execute a method (locally or remotely) and how to execute it (using interpretation or just-in-time compilation with different levels of optimizations).
Detecting Non-personal and Spam Users on Geo-tagged Twitter Network

With the rapid growth and popularity of mobile devices and location-aware technologies, online social networks such as Twitter have become an important data source for scientists to conduct geo-social network research. Non-personal accounts, spam users and junk tweets, however, pose severe problems to the extraction of meaningful information and the validation of any research findings on tweets or twitter users. Therefore, the detection of such users is a critical and fundamental step for twitter-related geographic research. In this study, we develop a methodological framework to: (1) extract user characteristics based on geographic, graph-based and content-based features of tweets; (2) construct a training dataset by manually inspecting and labeling a large sample of twitter users; and (3) derive reliable rules and knowledge for detecting non-personal users with supervised classification methods. The extracted geographic characteristics of a user include maximum speed, mean speed, the number of different counties that the user has been to, and others. Content-based characteristics for a user include the number of tweets per month, the percentage of tweets with URLs or Hashtags, and the percentage of tweets with emotions, detected with sentiment analysis. The extracted rules are theoretically interesting and practically useful. Specifically, the results show that geographic features, such as the average speed and frequency of county changes, can serve as important indicators of non-personal users. For non-spatial characteristics, the percentage of tweets with a high human factor index, the percentage of tweets with URLs, and the percentage of tweets with mentioned/replied users are the top three features in detecting non-personal users.
Crystal and molecular structures of dichloromethane-solvated tris(morpholinocarbodithioato)-complexes of chromium(III), manganese(III), and rhodium(III). Comparison of co-ordination spheres

The title complexes [(I)–(III)] are nearly isomorphous with the known cobalt(III) analogue (IV). The principal differences between (I)–(III) arise from the nature of the central metal atoms, packing and other effects being essentially the same. They may be considered as trigonally distorted octahedral, with an approximate three-fold rotation axis. The manganese complex (II) deviated most significantly from this model, with elongated bonds in the z and slightly elongated bonds along the x direction, which can only be attributed to Jahn–Teller effects. The MS6 co-ordination sphere is highly symmetrical in the chromium complex(I), as expected for the 4A ground-state, even more so than in (IV). The mean increase in metal-ligand bond distance from CoIII to RhIII, with identical d6(1A1) configurations, is very close to 0.1 A. The ‘bite’ angle of the bidentate ligand appears to be determined largely by M–L distance.Crystal data: (I), space group P, Z= 2, a= 13.255(9), b= 10.642(5), c= 11.395(1)A, α= 115.16(4), β= 104.4(1), γ= 100.19(6)°, R= 4.3%, 2 218 reflections; (II), space group P, a= 13.067(3), b= 10.824(6), c= 11.475(5)A, α= 116.23(5), β= 104.06(3), γ= 100.19(4)°. R 4.0%, 2 062 reflections; (III), space group. PZ= 2, a= 13.343(4), b= 10.596(1), c= 11.191 (1)A, α= 114.20(1), β= 103.18(2), γ= 101.29(2)°. R 4.3% 3 529 reflections.
Racial/ethnic differences in activities of daily living disability in older adults with arthritis: A longitudinal study

Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (arthritis, hereafter) are common chronic conditions among elderly Americans. They are the leading cause of disability, limiting daily activities for more than 7 million Americans (1). As the U.S. population ages, the impact of arthritis is expected to increase. Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) showed that the prevalence of arthritis increased from nearly one in every six people in 1990 to one in every five people in 2002 (2, 3). Although evidence showed decreasing disability trends in the general population (4-6), disability was increasing among persons with arthritis. Arthritis-related activity limitations rates almost tripled from 2.8% in 1990 to 7.8% in 2002 based on age-adjusted rates from NHIS data (2, 3). The racial/ethnic composition of the U.S. population is also changing. Minority (non-White) populations will increase from 30.6% of the U.S. population in 2000 to 49.9% by the year 2050. The fastest increase is among persons of Hispanic origin; this segment is projected to increase from 12.6% of the U.S. population in 2000 to 24.4% by 2050 (7). Among persons with arthritis, African Americans and Hispanic minority groups had substantially higher rates of disability than their White counterparts (3, 8-12). In order to advance public health efforts to promote equitable health outcomes, it is crucial to identify modifiable factors that contribute to racial/ethnic differences among persons with arthritis. This study addressed this question by examining racial/ethnic differences in the development of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults with arthritis. Longitudinal data from the 1998−2004 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a national representative sample of community living adults were used to answer the following research questions: For older adults with arthritis who were free of disability at baseline (1998), what are the national rates at which racial/ethnic groups develop ADL disability? How much of the observed racial/ethnic differences in the development of disability can be explained by demographic, health, and medical access factors? What are the significant risk factors that predict the development of ADL disability among older adults with arthritis?
Commentary on michael j. bader's “adaptive sadomasochism and psychological growth”;

(1993). Commentary on michael j. bader's “adaptive sadomasochism and psychological growth”; Psychoanalytic Dialogues: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 301-308.
Increased renal plasma flow in long‐term enalapril treatment of hypertension

The renal effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with enalapril were evaluated in 34 subjects (age, 53 yr; range, 27 to 65) with mild, uncomplicated hypertension. After receiving placebo for 4 wk, subjects were randomly assigned to groups receiving incremental doses of enalapril (10, 20, or 40 mg/day for 4 wk each) in a single morning dose or two divided doses, or of placebo. One subject who received enalapril developed acute renal failure by the end of the study. There was no evidence of glomerular or tubular damage in the other subjects; as measured by 24-hr urinary protein excretion, urinary activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and uric acid clearance. During treatment with enalapril, renal plasma flow (measured with 131l-iodohippurate sodium) and glomerular filtration rate increased by 12.1% and 6.8%. Changes in renal plasma flow correlated inversely with age and final mean arterial pressure and correlated positively with initial plasma renin activity of subjects. Except for an occasional idiosyncratic adverse reaction, enalapril is a safe and effective antihypertensive drug with the unique ability to increase renal function despite a fall in renal perfusion pressure. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1983) 34, 459–465; doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.198
A Global Review of Training of Community Health Workers

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often the most important deliverers of health care services. This review brings together relevant information on CHWs and their training. These materials concern themselves with training techniques as they have been developed in various programs in various countries around the world. Because of the relative newness of the field the bulk of the materials have been written only in the last ten years. Four phases in training CHWs to undertake primary health care work are reviewed. These are: assessing the community's health needs and priorities and specifying the CHWs' tasks, adapting CHW training to the community, selecting CHWs and providing the CHWs with training and support. Issues of concern relating to these phases are: who is the trainer, what training strategies are to be followed, how is the training to be monitored and evaluated and, finally, what is the cost. A guide to twenty-two manuals that have been developed in various countries for use in training CHWs is included.
Hoechst fluorescence intensity can be used to separate viable bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells from viable non-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells.

BACKGROUND: 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is a powerful compound to study the mitotic activity of a cell. Most techniques that identify BrdU-labeled cells require conditions that kill the cells. However, the fluorescence intensity of the membrane-permeable Hoechst dyes is reduced by the incorporation of BrdU into DNA, allowing the separation of viable BrdU positive (BrdU+) cells from viable BrdU negative (BrdU-) cells. METHODS: Cultures of proliferating cells were supplemented with BrdU for 48 h and other cultures of proliferating cells were maintained without BrdU. Mixtures of viable BrdU+ and viable BrdU- cells from the two proliferating cultures were stained with Hoechst 33342. The viable BrdU+ and BrdU- cells were sorted into different fractions from a mixture of BrdU+ and BrdU- cells based on Hoechst fluorescence intensity and the ability to exclude the vital dye, propidium iodide. Subsequently, samples from the original mixture, the sorted BrdU+ cell population, and the sorted BrdU- cell population were immunostained using an anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody and evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Two mixtures consisting of approximately 55% and 69% BrdU+ cells were sorted into fractions consisting of greater than 93% BrdU+ cells and 92% BrdU- cells. The separated cell populations were maintained in vitro after sorting to demonstrate their viability. CONCLUSIONS: Hoechst fluorescence intensity in combination with cell sorting is an effective tool to separate viable BrdU+ from viable BrdU- cells for further study. The separated cell populations were maintained in vitro after sorting to demonstrate their viability. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Do Colours Look Like Dispositions? Reply to Langsam and Others

Dispositional theories of colour have been attacked by McGinn and others on the ground that ‘Colours do not look like dispositions’. Langsam has argued that on the contrary they do, in ‘Why Colours Do Look Like Dispositions’, The Philosophical Quarterly, 50 (2000), pp. 68–75. I make three claims. First, neither side has made its case. Secondly, it is true, at least on one interpretation, that colours do not look like dispositions. Thirdly, this does not show that dispositionalism about colours is false.
Leccinum (Boletaceae) in Costa Rica

Complete descriptions, illustrations, distri- butions and a key to species are provided for the eight known Costa Rican species of Leccinum. Leccin- um tablense is newly described from oak forests, and Leccinum monticola is newly described from the pa ´- ramo and adjacent timberline oak forests where it appears to be associated with Comarostaphylis arbu- toides—a member of the Ericaceae. All are compared to similar taxa.
Utilizing social sciences in fisheries management

Historiquement, pour chaque pays la gestion nationale des peches a repose principalement sur l'apport de la biologie et de l'ecologie avec seulement dans quelques cas une extension a l'economie - generalement au travers de quelques rapprochements et ce, avec divers degres de developpement et de succes. Recemment, comme un nombre croissant de pecheries ont commence a connaitre des phases de declin majeur, il y a eu un regain d'interet pour savoir comment les sciences sociales pourraient aider a resoudre certaines des questions posees. Pour la gestion des peches, ce sont en effet les comportements humains qui doivent etre analyses et regules. En outre, plusieurs gestionnaires ont commence a s'interroger a propos de l'idee meme de conservation des ressources prise comme objectif premier de la gestion des peches, mettant en evidence l'importance equivalente des objectifs sociaux et economiques. Les etudes de pecheries realisees en sciences sociales indiquent que tous les membres d'un groupe donne d'usagers ne se conduisent pas exactement de la meme facon, et n'ont pas le meme impact sur les ecosystemes marins. Le comportement de ces acteurs est souvent determine par la famille, les communautes d'appartenance, et autres variables socio-culturelles qui s'ajoutent aux determinants economiques et ecologiques. En utilisant les perspectives et methodologies deduites des disciplines telles que l'anthropologie et la sociologie, les gestionnaires des peches devraient etre capables de mettre en oeuvre des politiques de regulation qui tiennent compte d'un equilibre entre les objectifs de natures diverses, economiques, sociaux, biologiques. Les systemes de gestion qui sont les plus compatibles avec les valeurs du plus grand nombre d'usagers devraient permettre d'augmenter l'adequation des systemes au comportement des acteurs et reduire ainsi les couts de controle. Une revue des travaux recents en sciences sociales a propos de la gestion des peches est presentee ici, et quelques exemples sont donnes, illustrant l'importance des informations fournies par les sciences sociales pour la definition de regimes de gestion les mieux adaptes.
Methods for multimodal vibration suppression and energy harvesting using piezoelectric actuators

This paper presents a novel method for suppressing multimodal vibrations in structures by using the controlled harvesting and storage of vibration energy as electrical charge. Unlike a traditional semi-active system in which vibration energy is dissipated using a controlled variable dissipater, the proposed system harvests vibration energy for storage. The stored energy can then be recycled enabling the system to achieve a vibration reduction performance superior to that of a traditional semi-active system and approaching that of a fully active system. In the proposed method, an array of one or more precharged capacitors is employed to provide a selection of various voltages, which may be selected to approximate a desired control signal defined by an LQR multimodal vibration controller. The capacitors can apply a control voltage to the piezoelectric actuators and can also collect current generated by the actuators as the structure strains in vibration. Both a single capacitor system and a multi-capacitor system are considered and applied to a cantilevered beam. The response to impulse disturbances and random force disturbances are studied. The results are compared to a previously proposed energy harvesting based semi-active method. Advantages in both vibration suppression and energy harvesting performance over the previously proposed method are demonstrated. The multicapacitor method is found to be most effective due to its ability to apply sufficiently large control voltages while moderating large step inputs therefore reducing the excitation of higher frequency uncontrolled modes, which otherwise parasitically dissipate energy in the circuit resistance.
Proapoptotic protein PACT is expressed at high levels in colonic epithelial cells in mice.

The protein activator of RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a proapoptotic protein called PACT. PKR is an interferon (IFN)-induced serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in IF...
Review of microcontroller based intelligent traffic light control

The congestion of the urban traffic is becoming one of critical issues with increasing population and automobiles in cities. Traffic jams not only cause extra delay and stress for the drivers, but also increase fuel consumption, add transportation cost, and increase carbon dioxide air pollution. The traffic controller is one of critical factors affecting the traffic flow. The conventional traffic patterns are nonlinear and complex. As a result, the fixed traffic light controller is not optimized to reduce the traffic jam. Moreover, it does not improve the response time for ambulances, fire trucks, police cars and other emergency vehicles. This paper is written with the endeavor to provide the readers an idea of the research that has been carried out in the intelligent traffic light field and the microcontroller based traffic light control system. The historical review of the technology and the recent development of the intelligent traffic light control system are stated in this paper. In addition, the future studies of the related work are also presented.
Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody recognition of human lung cancer antigen on preserved sputum cells: a new approach to early lung cancer detection.

Murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to a glycolipid antigen of small-cell (SCC) and a protein antigen of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCC) were applied to preserved sputum specimens from individuals who participated in The Johns Hopkins Lung Project (JHLP). In that study, undertaken in 1973 to evaluate the efficacy of sputum cytology screening, half of the high-risk participants (5,226 men, greater than or equal to 45 years of age, currently smoking greater than or equal to 1 pack of cigarettes per day) were randomly assigned to produce specimens for cytopathological analysis. During regular screenings over the next 5 to 8 years, 626 (12%) showed moderate (or greater) atypia. Sixty-nine of these (26 who progressed to cancer, 43 who did not) were randomly selected for a blinded improved Mab immunostaining protocol in the present study. Satisfactory specimens with morphologic atypia immunostained positively in 14 of the 22 patients who eventually progressed to cancer (sensitivity 64%), and were nonreactive ...
Charged Species in the Radiolysis of Supercritical CO2

The pulse radiolysis technique has been employed in studying charge-transfer reactions of anionic C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup {minus}}, and cationic C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup +} species in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO{sub 2}) over a range of reduced densities {rho}{sub r} = 0.36--1.5 and at a reduced temperature of T{sub r} = 1.03. The absorption spectrum measured in the visible region with a maximum around 700 nm is assigned to the dimer cation C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup +}. The pressure dependence of charge-transfer reactions was examined using dimethylaniline (DMA), benzoquinone (BQ), and oxygen as charge acceptors. The reaction rates of DMA with cations, and BQ with anions are at or near the diffusion-controlled limit. The rates decrease an order of magnitude with increase of pressure. The reaction of C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup +} with oxygen is much slower with an almost constant rate over the pressure range examined. The measured rate constants of electron-transfer reactions are analyzed in terms of the diffusion constants of reactants in scCO{sub 2}, and the dependence of measured and theoretical values on the bulk density is discussed.
Comments: Personality Traits of Athletes as Measured by the MMPI: A Rebuttal

(1961). Comments: Personality Traits of Athletes as Measured by the MMPI: A Rebuttal. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 421-423.
Anatomy of Second Muscular Layer of the Foot: Considerations for Tendon Selection in Transfer for Achilles and Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction

Controversy exists regarding tendon choice to substitute for a ruptured posterior tibial tendon. A similar debate about late Achilles tendon reconstruction also persists. To establish priorities and aid the surgeon's decision-making process, we studied 85 en bloc dissections of the second muscular layer of the sole. Muscular and tendinous interconnections were evaluated.Location and minimal donor deficit following harvest of the flexor digitorum longus make it the transfer of choice for posterior tibial tendon reconstruction. We suggest that relative strength, anatomic location, and available length of tendon make the flexor hallucis longus the superior choice for late Achilles tendon reconstruction.
Effect of Starvation on Healing of Rickets in Rats.

McCollum and his coworkers1 demonstrated in 1922, that fastingwould cause active rickets to heal within 24 or 48 hours. The immediate cause of such healing seemed clear when it was demonstrated by Kramer and Howland2 and confirmed by Cavins3 that starvation was promptly followed by a rise in the inorganic phosphorus of the blood serum.Some experiments which we have performed recently seem to cast doubt upon this belief, and would seem to suggest that starvation causes healing by some other means than raising the blood phosphorus.In the course of some experiments∗ on the effect of salts on calcification in vitro, we ran a duplicate series with preparations made from rachitic rats which had been starved for 24 hours before use. The results which are shown in the accompanying table were quite different from those obtained on the control series of rachitic rats which had not been starved.The solution to which 51.3 mM. NaCl had been added inhibited calcification entirely with preparations made from rats kept o...
Study of As and P Incorporation Behavior in GaAsP by Gas-Source Molecular-Beam Epitaxy

A simple kinetic model has been developed to explain the agreement between in situ and ex situ determination of phosphorus composition in GaAs1−xPx (x < 0.4) epilayers grown on GaAs (001) by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy (GSMBE). The in situ determination is by monitoring the intensity oscillations of reflection high-energy-electron diffraction during group-V-limited growth, and the ex situ determination is by x-ray rocking curve measurement of GaAs1t`xPx/GaAs strained-layer superlattices grown under group-III-limited growth condition.
Ovalbumin as a Factor in the Evaluation of Beta-propiolactone Inactivated Newcastle Disease Vaccines

Abstract MACK and Chotisen (1955) showed that beta-propiolactone (BPL) inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines are feasible. This stimulated work by Sullivan et al. (1958), Winmill and Weddell (1961), Dardiri and Yates (1962), Hofstad et al. (1963), Piercy et al. (1964), Grun and Hudson (1966), and Grun (1966a). Evaluations and comparisons, such as Hofstad’s (1967) evaluation of commercial inactivated NDV vaccines, have been an inherent part of this research up to the present time. Winmill and Weddell (1961) and Piercy et al. (1964) mentioned the removal of albumin in their preparations. Grun and Hudson (1966) and Grun (1966a, b) indicated that albumin may be a factor which should be considered because it may have an influence on the course of a Gilbert-Boney (GB) NDV challenge infection. This report describes the activity of a number of BPL inactivated materials in Single Comb White Leghorn (S.C.W.L.) chickens infected with NDV:BPL inactivated amnio-allantoic (AA)…
The male of Marengo nitida with the description of M. rattotensis new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)

Systematics of Marengo nitida Simon, 1900 is discussed and M. rattotensis new species is described. The female of M. nitida is described for the first time. M. rattotensis is diagnosed by the unique shape of its retrolateral tibial apophysis. M. nitida can be separated from other Marengo spp. by the rounded shape of its opisthosoma, and males by the characteristic retrolateral tibial apophysis. The genus Marengo now contains six species with most of them known only from Sri Lanka.
Cockroach dynamics in Lanzhou from 2006 to 2010

Objective To determine the population distribution and seasonal dynamics of cockroaches for effective prevention and control in Lanzhou.Methods The sticky recapture method was used with sweet fresh bread baits(2 g/slice),one trap deployed for each 15 m~2.Results Blattella germanica was the dominant indoor species.The average encroachment rate was 17.10%,as the vector was mostly found in hotels(33.57%) and residential areas(19.40%) with an average density of 2.95 on each sticky piece.The highest density was seen in hotels(4.45 per piece a night).Cockroach activities were present throughout the years with a peak period from May to November.Conclusion B.germanica was the dominant species in Lanzhou,encroaching mainly on hotels,residential areas,farm produce markets and catering establishments.Additional prevention and control measures should be delivered to these places.
Automatic potentiometric titration study of the iodine content in salt

Objective Establish a fast,easy,accurate iodine in salt content by automatic potentiometric detection method.Methods Determination of iodine content in salt use the Metrohm809 Titrando automatic potentiometric titrator.Results The recovery rate in the different samples was 97.4%~99.0%,relative standard deviation was 0.81%~1.37%(n=6).It was shown that there was no significant difference between automatic potentiometric titration and direct titration by applying 10 samples(P0.05).Conclusion Automatic potentiometric titration method was simple,rapid and high degree of automation,the determination of iodine content in salt,high accuracy,good reproducibility,conventionally analytical methods for the determination of salt iodine.
Assimilation of gridded terrestrial water storage observations from GRACE into a land surface model

Observations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission have a coarse resolution in time (monthly) and space (roughly 150,000 km(sup 2) at midlatitudes) and vertically integrate all water storage components over land, including soil moisture and groundwater. Data assimilation can be used to horizontally downscale and vertically partition GRACE-TWS observations. This work proposes a variant of existing ensemble-based GRACE-TWS data assimilation schemes. The new algorithm differs in how the analysis increments are computed and applied. Existing schemes correlate the uncertainty in the modeled monthly TWS estimates with errors in the soil moisture profile state variables at a single instant in the month and then apply the increment either at the end of the month or gradually throughout the month. The proposed new scheme first computes increments for each day of the month and then applies the average of those increments at the beginning of the month. The new scheme therefore better reflects submonthly variations in TWS errors. The new and existing schemes are investigated here using gridded GRACE-TWS observations. The assimilation results are validated at the monthly time scale, using in situ measurements of groundwater depth and soil moisture across the U.S. The new assimilation scheme yields improved (although not in a statistically significant sense) skill metrics for groundwater compared to the open-loop (no assimilation) simulations and compared to the existing assimilation schemes. A smaller impact is seen for surface and root-zone soil moisture, which have a shorter memory and receive smaller increments from TWS assimilation than groundwater. These results motivate future efforts to combine GRACE-TWS observations with observations that are more sensitive to surface soil moisture, such as L-band brightness temperature observations from Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) or Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP). Finally, we demonstrate that the scaling parameters that are applied to the GRACE observations prior to assimilation should be consistent with the land surface model that is used within the assimilation system.
Experimental investigation of 60 GHz WLAN channel for office docking scenario

This paper presents the results of experimental channel measurements for 60 GHz WLAN systems in application to the office docking scenario proposed in IEEE 802.11ay. The experimental results are obtained for the practical Phased Antenna Array (PAA) and Sector Level Sweep (SLS) beamforming protocol defined in IEEE 802.11ad standard. The measured channel statistical properties are analyzed and compared to the IEEE 802.11ad channel model for cubicle environment. Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread of the channel in time domain and notch depth statistics in frequency domain are analyzed. Additionally, Packet Error Rate (PER) performance is estimated for the Single Carrier (SC) PHY layer defined in the IEEE 802.11ad standard over the measured channels and IEEE 802.11ad model.
Impact of Nonadherence in Dermatology

Nonadherence is ubiquitous in the field of dermatology. The importance of it is demonstrated with how impactful it is in the practice setting. For example, the effectiveness of scientifically proven treatment protocols and the presence of certain side effects are contingent upon adherence [1, 2]. However, there is a disconnect between physicians and proper knowledge over adherence. Along with having limited time to address and prioritize the issue, physicians may not have the correct training or background on the subject [3]. Medical education generally falls short with preparing physicians in different social and behavioral matters. There are proven risk factors to be aware of within the patient population which contribute to lower adherence: a patient’s level of concern for treatment, the quality of a patient-physician relationship, and existing patient depression/psychosocial problems [3].
Scalar Linear Systems over a Field k

Based on the intuition developed for the complex number case, we now turn our attention to the situation over a field k.
CURRENT TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES ON FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN NORTH AMERICA

The purpose of this paper is to review current trends and developments in freight transportation in North America. It begins with an overview of recent trends in freight traffic, and then turns to a discussion of underlying changes in the demand for freight transport and changes in the service, technology and operations of each of the major modes of freight transportation. Also discussed are major problems in each of the modes and possible solutions in each. Three major themes permeate the discussion: (1) regulatory reform, or reduced regulation, of rail, truck, air, and water transport, (2) major changes in the production and distribution of goods and shippers’ requirements for transportation services, and (3) the development of new transportation services and development of new technology, with particular emphasis on intermodal service.
Chapter 30 – The Architecture of a Medical Machine

Chapter Summary In the medical profession, absolute certainty is a folly, especially for treatment of patients. Any strategy for possible cure is built on steps upon step and stage upon stage. Computers and Internet access provide a good basis for improving the procedure(s) for treatment. Refuting the accuracy of the initial intuition of medical staff is well accomplished by definitive checks and counter-checks by the medical machines. A simple lookup in a symptoms-database is unacceptable in the modern era of artificial intelligence and global expertise. Medical machines deliver their finding based on the particular inputs and the results of global diagnostic procedures. When the machines have access to the patient history and the current symptoms, then the collective diagnostic-expertise of a large community of medical professionals is deployed to validate its findings. Connectivity to patient data and access to the diagnostic expertise is supplemented by analysis and interpretation of the ongoing treatments, and their results provides the medical team greater confidence in the effectiveness or treatment. Step by step estimation of the confidence in analysis and the probability of cure are also provided. Though there is not absolute certainty, the range of error is successively reduced to near zero level by effectively deploying the most recent tools and techniques in medicine for most of the ailments. To some extent, the VLSI design teams have improved their confidence in the manufacture of silicon chips to almost 100% by enhanced analysis programs, modification of the chip designs, and then reanalysis of the VLSI design to reach an infallible (well almost infallible) chips with many millions of transistors. Response of humans and organs to drugs and procedures are less dependable, but it appears that there is room for improvement by falling back on the rigor and discipline of the systems designers and computer aided medical systems. During the late 20th century, corporations and auto manufactures experienced poor performance in meeting the realistic requirements for quality and delivery till the American and German manufacturers (Ford and Volkswagen) introduced the discipline of mass production. In the medical field, it appears the discipline of medical sciences, deployment of computer, network technologies, and the insights corporate visionaries need a coherent blending to hasten the innovations still to happen in the medical field. In perspective, physics, silicon, and wafer technologies, logic and mathematics have been successfully blended to offer the computer and network technologies that now a reality in the Internet age.
A qualitative comparison of DSM depression criteria to language used by older church-going African Americans

This project was supported by the Program for Positive Aging in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan, and the original study was titled ‘Attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs pertaining to mental health, depression, and depression care of elder African-American church attendees’ (Principal Investigator: Helen Kales, MD, UM Department of Psychiatry).
On Social Value of Risk Information in Risk Communication

The conventional research of risk communication centers on how scientific community can improve trust and credibility in public perception, enhance public understanding of risks, and change public ...
DNA postreplication repair gap filling in temperature-sensitive dnaG, dnaC, dnaA mutants of Escherichiacoli

Abstract Gaps in daughter-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesized after exposure of wild-type Escherichia coli to ultraviolet light are filled during reincubation. In this study the dnaG , dnaC , and dnaA gene products have been examined for their role in postreplication repair. These gene products are unique in their specific control of certain types of DNA synthesis: initiation of rounds of replication and chain propagation. Initiation of rounds of replication is not essential to gap filling; however, chain propagation by short DNA piece initiation appears to be essential for gap filling.
Integrating Computational Artifacts into the Multi-representational Toolkit of Physics Education

Computational artifacts can serve as important components of the multi-representational toolkit of physics. But like any representation, the meanings of computational models are far from transparent: they are embedded within social, symbolic, and material contexts. In this chapter, we present case studies of two different learning communities that each worked to adopt a participant-generated computational artifact as a shared representational tool that they used to communicate and reason about physical systems. In one, collaborating physicists and mathematicians used a Mathematica notebook to explore the behavior of liquid crystals. In the other, a fifth grade science class used a student-generated computer simulation to reason about the processes of evaporation and condensation. We show how both groups: (1) developed a shared understanding of the computational artifact as a representational tool, (2) leveraged the artifact to focus their attention on their respective goals, and (3) discussed the strengths and limitations of the architecture of the computational environment relative to those goals. We highlight similarities and differences in how professionals and students took up these computational artifacts as shared representations, and discuss instructional implications given the increasingly computational and multi-representational focus of K-12 science education.
P073 Multiplexing a variety of clinicaaximize capacity of ion torrent next generation sequencing

Aim We have established the Ion-torrent based Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) system in our clinical laboratory. The chief use of the combination Ion-ChefTM and Ion-S5 is for high resolution HLA typing. However, the full sequencing capacity of the system is not always reached with the HLA typing workflow. In this study, we validated the practicality of combining library pools of different clinical tests into a single NGS run. Methods HLA library pools of 24–32 patient samples were generated with NXType™ Ion-Torrent NGS for Class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and Class II (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP). These libraries were run alone and then separately combined with library pools of other clinical NGS-based assays. These included: (1) our lab-generated custom tests (APOL1 genotyping (single gene, three SNPs) and Cholestasis genotyping (15 genes, multiple SNPs and INDELS), and (2) commercial assays (16S-Metagenomics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and Lymphotrack, T and B cell clonality (Invivoscribe). All library pools were run on Ion-Chef™ and Ion-S5. HLA data was analyzed with TypeStream™ software v1.1.0.11. The concentration of HLA library pools was maintained at 100 pM. Importantly, the concentration of library pools of other tests were adjusted between 5 and 20 pM, depending on the test (number of genes and size of amplicons) and the number of samples in the pool. Exported data of APOL1, Cholestasis and 16S-Metagenomics were analyzed with Ion Reporter™ software. Lymphotrack data was exported and analyzed with Lymphotrack data analysis software. Results The number of reads covering HLA genes were slightly reduced when runs were combined with libraries of other tests, however, the results of HLA library pools run alone and combined were 100% concordant. The coverage and read numbers obtained for the other tests were sufficient or exceeded the minimal required. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that multiplexing different assays in a single run of Ion-S5 was achievable. We demonstrated that mixing sequencing samples of different genotyping tests in a single NGS run generated accurate results of each individual test. The findings of this works have a positive impact reducing turnaround times and sequencing costs.
Dynamic functional connectivity and individual differences in emotions during social stress.

Exposure to acute stress induces multiple emotional responses, each with their own unique temporal dynamics. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) measures the temporal variability of network synchrony and captures individual differences in network neurodynamics. This study investigated the relationship between dFC and individual differences in emotions induced by an acute psychosocial stressor. Sixteen healthy adult women underwent fMRI scanning during a social evaluative threat (SET) task, and retrospectively completed questionnaires that assessed individual differences in subjectively experienced positive and negative emotions about stress and stress relief during the task. Group dFC was decomposed with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) into 10 components, each with a temporal signature, spatial network of functionally connected regions, and vector of participant loadings that captures individual differences in dFC. Participant loadings of two networks were positively correlated with stress-related emotions, indicating the existence of networks for positive and negative emotions. The emotion-related networks involved the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and amygdala, among other distributed brain regions, and time signatures for these emotion-related networks were uncorrelated. These findings demonstrate that individual differences in stress-induced positive and negative emotions are each uniquely associated with large-scale brain networks, and suggest that dFC is a mechanism that generates individual differences in the emotional components of the stress response. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Racial Divide Surrounding United States of America National Anthem Protests in the National Football League

Issues related to race have long been of interest to social scientists. One such issue that has received near daily attention throughout the Fall of 2017 concerns the protests undertaken by Nationa...
Curry and Race: Gender, Diaspora and Food in South Africa

Indians are a small minority in post-apartheid South Africa, a country that grapples with issues of unemployment and poverty, inter- and intra-ethnic tensions, stark economic disparities and the continuing inequities of apartheid. Indentured under British colonialism, Indian South Africans were defined as ‘ethnic’ others—outsiders with identities derived from Diaspora connections (and disconnections) with India. But the Indianness that lies at the centre of this designation is indigenised, localised and hybridised, gaining its resilience through cultural adaptations and accommodations. Food lies at the basis of these discourses, as do gender relations. In a location influenced by global capitalism, transnational networks, and patriarchy, women have resisted overtly through political activism, and covertly by closing ranks and maintaining strong ethnic and religious networks and cultural practices. Along these lines, women have appropriated male dominated public spaces to create a sense of community and to celebrate the indigenized delights of diaspora food.
A generalized second-order single-photon detector model and its experimental verification (Conference Presentation)

There are a variety of technologies used for single-photon detection, and within each of these technologies there are multiple device designs. While they differ radically in their nature and operation, in all cases their response to and recovery from a detection event is a complex and temporally evolving process. This makes the state of the detector at any given time dependent on the device's prior history. For many types of measurements, and particularly high-precision measurements, a detector's complex history dependence can lead to systematic errors that must be accounted for in analysis, and this sort of accounting requires a comprehensive knowledge of the detection system. For a typical non-photon-number-resolving detector accurate characterization includes multiple parameters beyond detection efficiency (afterpulsing, recovery time, etc.) We show that all heretofore explored properties can be described in a unified way with a generalized second-order model of a detector. While empirically proven effective, there are no experimental attempts that check the validity of this approach. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple validity test based on calculation of 2nd and 3rd order correlation functions from a single list of detection timestamps. We also accurately calibrate detectors used for this test.
Tandem catalysis for asymmetric coupling of ethylene and enynes to functionalized cyclobutanes

Transformation of simple precursors into structurally complex cyclobutanes, present in many biologically important natural products and pharmaceuticals, is of considerable interest in medicinal chemistry. Starting from 1,3-enynes and ethylene, both exceptionally inexpensive starting materials, we report a cobalt-catalyzed route to vinylcyclobutenes, as well as the further enantioselective addition of ethylene to these products to form complex cyclobutanes with all-carbon quaternary centers. These reactions can proceed in discrete stages or in a tandem fashion to achieve three highly selective carbon-carbon bond formations in one pot using a single chiral cobalt catalyst.
Schizophrenia treatment guidelines in the United States.

Background: The development of algorithms and guidelines in medicine is widespread. There are six major guidelines used and/or influencing the treatment of schizophrenia in the United States. The impact of these guidelines on clinical practice is difficult to evaluate. Many studies to date show poor adherence to schizophrenia guideline recommendations. Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss the rationale for use of guidelines/algorithms in medicine, the importance of schizophrenia guidelines, barriers to using guidelines, and to review key aspects of schizophrenia guidelines most commonly used in the United States. Results: Schizophrenia guidelines/algorithms differ somewhat in scope, focus, goals, and recommendations. Each guideline/algorithm has its utility in clinical practice.
Convex Figures and Erdőos’ Function S α (F)

Every book eventually reaches its ending (even War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy!). I thought Chapter 9 would conclude this book when I sent copies of themanuscript to four colleagueswhowrote introductions for this book. Their input was most valuable; this is not just a polite thank you for their time. Their comments have aided me considerably in improving the book. You write a book in solitude, jumping from anxiety (“Nobody will like my baby!”) to arrogance (as Michel de Montaigne put it about readership, “Few are enough for me; one will suffice, yea, less than one will content me”).
Programming for Autistic Students: A Model for the Public Schools

The authors gratefully acknowledge the talented contributions of David’s mother, and the teachers at Rutland Center and Oglethorpe Elementary School in Athens, Georgia, for the success of the program described in this paper. We are indebted also to Joan Jordan, Coordinator of the Georgia Psychoeducational Center Network, and Vera Newman, Educational Specialist for the Autistic Program in the Los Angeles Unified School District, for the presentations of their outstanding educational programs for the autistic at the Nebraska Conference on Assessment and Programming for Infants, Preschool, and School Age Children with Low Incidence Handicaps.