cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between pharmaceutical services characteristics and exposure rates to drug-drug interactions in Veterans Affairs medical centers.

Purpose. The association between the exposure rates of clinically important drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and the structure of pharmaceutical services within the ambulatory care settings of Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs) is discussed. Methods. The structure of pharmaceutical services in VAMCs was assessed using a questionnaire that was distributed by mail to chief pharmacists at 182 facilities. The questionnaire focused on the total volume of prescriptions dispensed at each VAMC, the level and characteristics of pharmacy staffing, the characteristics and distribution of available pharmaceutical services, the availability of specialty ambulatory clinics, and the extent of clinical pharmacist coverage within these clinics. A list of 25 clinically important DDIs that were most likely to be encountered in ambulatory care settings was used in this study. Multivariate regression was used to assess the relationship in the structure of pharmaceutical services and the exposure rate to clinically important DDIs. Results. A total of 790,541 patients were treated by the 52 VAMCs included in this study, with a total of 17,447 patients exposed to DDIs of interest. VAMCs with a lower prescription volume, a higher number of pharmacists in ambulatory care settings, and a higher number of ambulatory specialty clinics had significantly lower rates of potential DDIs. Conclusion. Exposure to clinically important DDIs was significantly lower in VAMCs with a higher number of pharmacists in ambulatory care settings, a higher number of ambulatory specialty clinics, and facilities with lower prescription volumes.
Failure of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to replicate in porcine endothelial cell cultures.

Clinical, gross, and microscopic pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) suggest that PRRSV may replicate in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell cultures from porcine aorta and pulmonary artery were tested for susceptibility to various strains of PRRSV. Cultures were identified as endothelium by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for P-selectin and von Willebrand factor. Five strains of PRRSV, i.e., the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA PRRSV strain 130-PDV and 4 field strains isolated from pneumonic lungs, failed to replicate in these porcine large-vessel endothelial cell cultures.
Superstructure in segmented polyether–urethanes

The morphology of several series of segmented polyether–urethanes was studied. The “hard” segments contained urethane and urea linkages formed by 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (Hylene W) and selected aliphatic and aromatic monomeric diamines (DA). The “soft” segments were composed of oligomeric poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), or both PEO and PPO. For studying the composition–morphology relationships, the molecular weight and relative content of PEO, and the relative content of PPO were varied systematically. Different diamines were used as chain extenders. The methods of wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed in the investigation. The effects of PEO content on domain formation were very significant. Calculations based on a highly simplified model indicated that, for two adjacent molecules, if two hard segments are associated with each other, the probability for the association of the next two hard segments varies inversely with the third power of soft segment length. Copolymers composed of both POE and PPO displayed enhanced domain and anisotropic superstructure. The phenomenon was interpreted in terms of polymer incompatibility. The effects on morphology of different DA's as chain extenders were tentatively accounted for by the symmetry, hydrogen bonding, and rigidity of the hard segments as well as their incompatibility with the soft segments. The formation and deformation of superstructure were of particular interest. A model was proposed to account for the formation of the resultant anisotropic structure and mechanical properties.
Liquidus diagram for the system lithium orthophosphate-lithium metaphosphate☆

The system Li3PO4LiPO3 was studied by differential the high analysis and high temperature microscopy. Contrary to earlier reports, the one intermediate compound, Li4P2O7, is incongruent melting. Melting points found are Li3PO4 1206°, Li4P2O7 876° (incongruent), LiPO3 656°C. The Li4P2O7LiPO3 eutectic, at 14 per cent Li3PO4-86 per cent LiPO3, melts at 604°C.
Long Acting Intranasal Insulin Detemir Improves Cognition for Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Dementia

Previous trials have shown promising effects of intranasally administered insulin for adults with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These trials used regular insulin, which has a shorter half-life compared to long-lasting insulin analogues such as insulin detemir. The current trial examined whether intranasal insulin detemir improves cognition or daily functioning for adults with MCI or AD. Sixty adults diagnosed with MCI or mild to moderate AD received placebo (n = 20), 20 IU of insulin detemir (n = 21), or 40 IU of insulin detemir (n = 19) for 21 days, administered with a nasal drug delivery device. Results revealed a treatment effect for the memory composite for the 40 IU group compared with placebo (p < 0.05). This effect was moderated by APOE status (p < 0.05), reflecting improvement for APOE-4 carriers (p < 0.02), and worsening for non-carriers (p < 0.02). Higher insulin resistance at baseline predicted greater improvement with the 40 IU dose (r = 0.54, p < 0.02). Significant treatment effects were also apparent for verbal working memory (p < 0.03) and visuospatial working memory (p < 0.04), reflecting improvement for subjects who received the high dose of intranasal insulin detemir. No significant differences were found for daily functioning or executive functioning. In conclusion, daily treatment with 40 IU insulin detemir modulated cognition for adults with AD or MCI, with APOE-related differences in treatment response for the primary memory composite. Future research is needed to examine the mechanistic basis of APOE-related treatment differences, and to further assess the efficacy and safety of insulin detemir. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Calibration of Raman Spectrometer Instrument Response Function with Luminescence Standards: An Update

An error in a previously reported procedure for correcting Raman spectra for instrument response was corrected, and then the approach was tested against reported values of Raman cross sections. The method uses luminescent standards with known emission curves of intensity vs. Raman shift, expressed in polynomial form. After acquisition of an observed emission curve from the luminescent standard, the correction of observed Raman spectra is automatic. Agreement of corrected peak areas with those calculated from literature cross sections is 5-20%. This correspondence is approximately as good as the agreement between different reported values, and much better than that observed for uncorrected spectra. Due to variations in the luminescence of the materials, it is likely that these or similar Raman intensity standards will be calibrated by the manufacturer or an independent agency.
Lip-pellet positions during vowels and labial consonants

Sagittal-plane movements of small markers attached to the upper and lower lips were analyzed for ten speakers of American English, and seven speakers of Japanese. Each speaker produced simple utterances containing vowels and labial consonants. The data were analyzed to better understand: (1) patterns of pellet motions associated with labial consonant production; (2) pellet positions at discrete, acousticallydefined moments during selected speech sounds; and (3) the relationship between midline separation between the lip surfaces and inter-lip-pellet distance. Results from the study provide qualitative information about the dynamics of labial gestures for consonants involving lip closure. The data also indicate that the English and Japanese speakers positioned and moved their lips in generally similar ways during the test sounds analyzed. Finally, results suggest that plausible estimates of mid-line inter-lip separation can be derived from the trajectories of two pellets, one on each lip, as long as the possibility of lip-body deformation is taken into account. ( 1997 Academic Press Limited
Do solar cycles influence giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis incidence

Objective To examine the influence of solar cycle and geomagnetic effects on the incidence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We used data from patients with GCA (1950–2004) and RA (1955–2007) obtained from population-based cohorts. Yearly trends in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence were correlated with the F10.7 index (solar radiation at 10.7 cm wavelength, a proxy for the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation) and AL index (a proxy for the westward auroral electrojet and a measure of geomagnetic activity). Fourier analysis was performed on AL, F10.7, and GCA and RA incidence rates. Results The correlation of GCA incidence with AL is highly significant: GCA incidence peaks 0–1 year after the AL reaches its minimum (ie, auroral electrojet reaches a maximum). The correlation of RA incidence with AL is also highly significant. RA incidence rates are lowest 5–7 years after AL reaches maximum. AL, GCA and RA incidence power spectra are similar: they have a main peak (periodicity) at about 10 years and a minor peak at 4–5 years. However, the RA incidence power spectrum main peak is broader (8–11 years), which partly explains the lower correlation between RA onset and AL. The auroral electrojets may be linked to the decline of RA incidence more strongly than the onset of RA. The incidences of RA and GCA are aligned in geomagnetic latitude. Conclusions AL and the incidences of GCA and RA all have a major periodicity of about 10 years and a secondary periodicity at 4–5 years. Geomagnetic activity may explain the temporal and spatial variations, including east-west skewness in geographic coordinates, in GCA and RA incidence, although the mechanism is unknown. The link with solar, geospace and atmospheric parameters need to be investigated. These novel findings warrant examination in other populations and with other autoimmune diseases.
Distributed or Centralized Traffic Advisory Systems-The Application's Take

We consider the problem of data dissemination in vehicular networks. Our main goal is to compare the application-level performance of fully distributed and centralized data dissemination approaches in the context of traffic advisory systems. Vehicular networks are emerging as a new distributed system environment with myriad promising applications. Wirelessly-connected, GPS-equipped vehicles can be used, for instance, as probes for traffic advisory or pavement condition information services with significant improvements in cost, coverage and accuracy. There is an ongoing discussion on the pros and cons of alternative approaches to data distribution for these applications. Proposed centralized, or infrastructure-based, models rely on road-side equipment to upload information to a central location for later use. Distributed approaches take advantage of the direct exchanges between participating vehicles to achieve higher scalability at the potential cost of data consistency. While distributed solutions can significantly reduce infrastructures' deployment and maintenance costs, it is unclear what the impact of "imprecise" information is to an application or what level of adoption is needed for this model to be effective. This paper investigates the inherent trade-offs in the adoption of distributed or centralized approaches to a traffic advisory service, a commonly proposed application. We based our analysis on a measurements study of signal propagation in urban settings and an extensive simulation-based experimentation in the Chicago road network.
Optimization of Surface Orientation for High-Performance, Low-Power and Robust FinFET SRAM

We analyze the impact of surface orientation on stability, performance and power of 6-T and 8-T FinFET SRAMs. We show that, in comparison to 32nm 6-T FinFET SRAM cell with devices of (110) orientation, multi-oriented devices with optimized orientation can improve the static noise margin (SNM) by 23-35% and access time (~22-33%), while consuming the same leakage power. For 8-T FinFET SRAM, multi-oriented devices can improve write stability substantially (~17%) with negligible area overhead.
Universal Approach to Predicting Performance Properties of Engine Oils

The mechanism of formation and accumulation of high- and low-temperature deposits in internal combustion engine is studied. It is shown that acid number is an important index of engine oil quality, based on which the oil properties that affect the engine reliability can be predicted.
Airway hyperresponsiveness induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in guinea pigs: role of tachykinins.

This study was carried out to determine whether tachykinins released from lung C-fiber afferents play a part in the bronchial hyperreactivity induced in guinea pigs by chronic exposure to cigarette...
An Integrative Group Treatment Model for Women with Binge Eating Disorder: Mind, Body and Self in Connection

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder reported among women, and its recent diagnostic recognition in the DSM-5 (APA 2013) calls for further discussion on effective treatment. Women with BED commonly report a diet/binge cycle that can exacerbate a disconnection between mind and body and reinforce feelings of shame and isolation. This article presents an integrative group treatment model for women with BED that has shown positive outcomes in clinical practice. The group model addresses key biopsychosocial factors associated with BED and incorporates mindfulness principles tailored to problems of the disorder. A core foundation of the group model is the relational context that fosters connections between women members and promotes self-efficacy. The discussion includes etiology of BED and current empirical support for integrating mindfulness skills in treatment for binge eating problems, as well as the author’s clinical experience in formulating a short-term group model. The eight-session semi-structured group format integrates evidence-based treatments in resonance with treatment-based evidence that reflects the distinct clinical needs of women with BED. Clinical vignettes illustrate how the group model can provide an anchoring therapeutic support to women with BED for linking experiences of mind, body, and self.
Questioning kindling: An analysis of cycle acceleration in unipolar depression

The kindling hypothesis for depression predicts that with more recurrences, the interval between successive recurrences decreases. Studies with unipolar and bipolar samples generally have been consistent with this premise. However, previous research is subject to a statistical artifact. Slater's fallacy maintains that these intermorbid intervals appear to decrease because highly recurrent individuals with consistently shorter intervals become a larger proportion of the remaining sample with each recurrence. Correcting for this bias, research on bipolar disorder no longer evidences such an effect. We predicted similar results for unipolar depression when correcting for this bias, and proposed an alternative model: individuals who are highly recurrent have consistently shorter intermorbid periods, even following the very first lifetime episode. As predicted, correcting for Slater's fallacy removed the appearance of decreasing intermorbid intervals. Further, highly recurrent individuals exhibited shorter intermorbid intervals in general, and for the very first interval, supporting the alternative model.
Heterosexual Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Toward Bisexual Individuals: Does Geographic Area Make a Difference?

Members of sexual minority groups continue to face discrimination and harassment. Although researchers have examined the experiences of sexual minority groups generally, less research is available that focuses on the unique experiences of each group specifically. Research suggests that bisexual individuals face unique stressors in comparison to gay or lesbian peers. Attitudes and behaviors toward sexual minority groups vary depending on the geographic location of the sample, with rural areas holding the most negative views. However, no research is available that examines this topic as it concerns bisexuality specifically. In response to this gap, the following questions were examined: do the behaviors and attitudes of heterosexuals differ based on the participant's geographic location during his or her upbringing (rural, urban, suburban), and do those reporting a rural hometown possess more negative attitudes toward bisexuals? Findings reflected differences between regions, with the most negative views as...
Fracture Mechanics of Adhesive Bonds

Abstract A survey is given of the mechanics of rupture of a simple adhesive joint, comprising two relatively rigid adhering members joined by a layer of a deformable adhesive. Several different modes of failure are treated in terms of a critical energy requirement for growth by unit area of a pre-existing interfacial flaw or debond. They are: (i) Tensile rupture of joints with thick or thin adhesive layers, (ii) Shear rupture, (iii) Separation by stripping apart stiff or flexible adherends, i.e. cleavage. In addition, the stresses set up in joints by shrinkage of the adhesive, for example due to differential thermal contraction, are evaluated. Attention is drawn to probable sites and conditions for failure.
Effect of temperature and humidity on nasal flora of mice.

SummaryThe count of the normal bacterial flora of the nasal cavity was markedly reduced when mice were maintained under low humidity for three weeks, whereas no significant change was observed under high humidity. The reduction was noted mainly in the gram positive organisms.
Energy-Source-Aware Cost Optimization for Green Cellular Networks with Strong Stability

Last decade witnessed the explosive growth in mobile devices and their traffic demand, and thereby the significant increase in the energy cost of the cellular service providers. One major component of the service providers’ operational expenditure comes from the operation of cellular base stations using grid power or diesel generators when grid power is absent, which also causes adverse environmental impact due to enormous carbon footprint. Therefore, from the service providers’ perspective, how to effectively reduce the energy cost of base stations while satisfying cellular users’ soaring traffic demands has become an imperative and challenging problem. In this paper, we investigate the minimization of the long-term time-averaged expected energy cost of cellular service providers while guaranteeing the strong stability of the network. In particular, we first formulate the problem by jointly considering flow routing, link scheduling, and energy (i.e., renewable energy resource, energy storage unit, and so on) constraints. Since the formulated problem is a time-coupling stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, which is prohibitively expensive to solve, we reformulate the problem by employing Lyapunov optimization theory. A decomposition-based algorithm is developed to solve the problem and the network strong stability is proven. We then derive and prove both the lower and the upper bounds on the optimal result of the original problem. Simulation results demonstrate the tightness of the obtained bounds and the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Host Searching Behavior by Trichogramma nubilale on Corn

Results of laboratory and field tests on parasitism of eggs of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (ECB), reveal that Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis searches in a distinctive manner on corn. The host-searching behavior exhibited by this parasite appears well adapted to the ECB and is evidence of its host specificity. The results also show that the performance of this oophage is significantly influenced by the choice of release sites within the host habitat.
Multiple cilia suppress tumour formation

Primary cilia are cellular structures that have important functions in development and disease. The suppression of multiciliate differentiation of choroid plexus precursors, and maintenance of a single primary cilium by Notch1, is now shown to be involved in choroid plexus tumour formation.
Simultaneous determination of phosphate and phosphite in soil of eutrophic water by accelerated solvent extraction-ion chromatography

Objective To develop a simple method for the simultaneous determination of phosphate and phosphite in soil of eutrophic water by accelerated solvent extraction- ion chromatography with conductivity detection.Methods Soil samples were extracted with accelerated solvent and then filtrated through 0.22 u.m membrane filter and C_(18) pretreated the little column and then analyzed directly.The chromatographic separation was performed on Dionex IonPac AG23(50 mm ×4 mm) guard column and Dionex IonPac AS23(250 mm ×4 mm) analytical column using 4.0 mmol/L Na_2CO_3,1.0 mmol/L NaHCO_3 and1.5 mmol/L NaOH as eluent with a self- regeneration suppressor.Results Phosphate had a correlation coefficient of r ≥0.999 in the range of 0.03 mg/L- 2.5 mg/L and phosphite exhibited correlation coefficient of r≥0.999 in the range of0.05 mg/L-3.0 mg/L.The recoveries of the method was in the range of 95.8%- 103.7%.Conclusion The method is simple,practical,and reliable.It can be used for the simultaneous determination of phosphate and phosphite in soil of eutrophic water.
Observations from the Balcony: Directions for Pediatric Health Disparities Research and Policy.

In 2002, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the landmark document, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare1, both transforming and elevating the discourse on health inequities in the U.S. health care system. In summarizing the available medical literature, the report concluded that “the sources of these disparities are complex, are rooted in historic and contemporary inequities, and involve many participants at several levels, including health systems, their administrative and bureaucratic processes, utilization managers, health care professionals, and patients.”1 With the acknowledgement that more research was needed, Unequal Treatment specifically recommended raising public and health care professionals’ awareness of the problem; health system interventions; legal, policy, and regulatory strategies; and education strategies for both patient and providers. At the ten year anniversary of Unequal Treatment, the fundamental question for clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and advocates is how to identify and address the barriers to translating current research findings into testable interventions and actionable policy.
A telephone intervention to achieve differentiation in dietary intake: a randomized trial in paediatric primary care.

SummaryBackground Telehealth offers opportunities to extend clinical and research interventions for paediatric obesity. Objectives To assess utility of a telephone intervention, implemented through a national primary care paediatric research network, for promoting differentiation in dietary intake, consistent with either a low-glycemic load (Low GL) or Low Fat prescription, among overweight/obese school-age children. Methods Five-week telephone dietary counselling intervention for parents of overweight/obese school-age children recruited through the Slone Center Office-based Research Network. Parent-child dyads were randomized to Low GL or Low Fat diet. Primary outcomes were dietary GL and dietary fat, adjusted for energy intake and assessed by 24-h dietary recall. Results Subjects were randomized to Low GL (n = 11, 8.1 ± 1.7 years, 45.5% male) or Low Fat (n = 11, 8.2 ± 2.0 years, 36.4% male), with no baseline differences. Overall, 86% of subjects attended at least four of five counselling sessions, and study completion rate was 91% (based on completion of the final dietary recalls). Reported satisfaction was high. In adjusted analyses limited to ‘recall completers,’ reduction in dietary GL (g/1000 kcal) achieved within the Low GL group was significant (p = 0.01) and greater than the change in dietary GL in the Low Fat group (mean ± SE; −12.9 ± 4.4 vs. 5.1 ± 4.9, p = 0.03). Similarly, reduction in dietary fat (% of total energy) within the Low Fat group was significant (−5.6 ± 2.5, p = 0.046) but with no difference between groups (p = 0.25). Conclusion A telephone-based dietary intervention for overweight/obese children, implemented through a national paediatric research network, fostered prescribed dietary changes. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT00620152
Molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses of the central nervous system.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began investigating an outbreak of fungal meningitis among patients who had received contaminated preservative-free methyl prednisolone acetate injections from the New England Compounding Center in Framingham, Massachusetts. Thousands of patients were potentially exposed to tainted corticosteroids, but establishing the diagnosis of fungal meningitis during the nationwide outbreak was difficult because little was known about the natural history of the disease.Areas covered: The challenges associated with this outbreak highlighted the need for rapid and reliable methodologies to assist in the diagnosis of invasive mycoses of the central nervous system (IMCNS), which may be devastating and difficult to treat. In this paper, we review the causative agents of these potentially-lethal infections, which include cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral aspergillosis, and hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis.Expert commentar...
Membranes for artificial photosynthesis

Membrane-based architectures enable optimization of charge transport and electrochemical potential gradients in artificial photosynthesis. Spatial integration of the membrane-bound components reduces the impact of charge recombination and can reduce electrical resistances associated with ionic and electronic transport processes. In addition to eliminating the need for external electrical circuits, a membrane-based architecture also ensures separation of energetic products, thereby preventing the formation of potentially dangerous fuel/oxidant mixtures. Membrane-based structures may also be coupled with other devices, such as perovskite-based solar cells, to further benefit solar fuel production. This review discusses the key roles that various different types of membranes play in artificial photosynthetic systems.
An Application of a Variable Structure Servomechanism Design to Turbine Overspeed Protection Control

Abstract The concepts of variable structure systems and sliding mode are particularly well suited for the study of ‘emergency’ control system design. In this paper, recent results pertaining to the design of variable structure servomechanisms are applied to the problem of overspeed protection control for large steam turbines. The study leads to an understanding of the generic difficulty associated with the application of overspeed protection control to large coal fired power plants and provides a feedback control structure with considerable promise for such applications. In addition, the paper serves as a useful illustration of the flexibility and potential applicability of variable structure designs. The effect of actuator parasitic dynamics are considered.
66-P : NO DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODY (DSA) MEAN FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY (MFI) AND C4d POSITIVITY IN ANTIBODY MEDIATED REJECTION (AMR)

Aim To analyze the relationship between AMR, renal biopsy C4d staining and circulating DSA (MFI) levels. Methods Twenty four patients with confirmed DSAs and allograft biopsies were evaluated. HLA class I and II DSAs in sera collected at the time of biopsy were identified by a Luminex-based, Single Antigen Bead assay. C4d scoring was performed by immunohistochemistry. Patients with biopsy proven AMR were further classified by summing Banff scoring of peritubular capillaritis (ptc; scale of 0 to 3) and glomerulitis (g; scale of 0 to 3). Totals (ptc+g) were subdivided as mild (0-2), moderate (3, 4), and severe (5, 6). Results Seventeen patients were diagnosed with AMR: 10 experienced mild AMR, 3 moderate AMR and 4 severe AMR. All severe AMR patients possessed both HLA class I and class II DSAs (MFI range: 2600-24000). Of the 3 patients with moderate AMR, one had only class I, one had only class II, and one had both (MFI range: 3000-24000). Among patients with mild AMR 5 had class I only, 2 had class II only and the remaining 3 had both class I and class II DSAs (MFI range:1800-24000). AMR was not diagnosed in 7 DSA+ patients. Six of these patients only displayed class II DSAs (MFI range: 2200-25000). One patient had only class I DSA (MFI = 5100). [figure1] Conclusions This study demonstrates that the MFI levels of donor specific antibodies do not predict whether biopsies will be C4d positive or negative. Furthermore, MFI levels of DSAs are not predictive of the presence of AMR.
Measurement of DNA Damage in Spermatozoa by TUNEL Assay

Infertile men with severe male-factor infertility have significantly more DNA damage than fertile men. Sperm DNA damage has been shown to affect ART outcomes. DNA damage is increasingly being evaluated as a test in establishing its utility in ART. Various assays have become more common than others. This chapter describes one of the more commonly used assays to measure sperm DNA damage by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end labeling or the TUNEL assay [1–5].
Modeling L2,3-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy with Real-Time Exact Two-Component Relativistic Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique to probe local electronic and nuclear structure. There has been extensive theoretical work modeling K-edge spectra from first principles. However, modeling L-edge spectra directly with density functional theory poses a unique challenge requiring further study. Spin–orbit coupling must be included in the model, and a noncollinear density functional theory is required. Using the real-time exact two-component method, we are able to variationally include one-electron spin–orbit coupling terms when calculating the absorption spectrum. The abilities of different basis sets and density functionals to model spectra for both closed- and open-shell systems are investigated using SiCl4 and three transition metal complexes, TiCl4, CrO2Cl2, and [FeCl6]3–. Although we are working in the real-time framework, individual molecular orbital transitions can still be recovered by projecting the density onto the ground state molecular orbital space and separating contributi...
Who holds the power

What was the cause of Donald Trump9s stunning victory over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election? Was it the peculiarities of the electoral college? Voter resistance to three-term rule by a single party? Anxiety about illegal immigration? As Niall Ferguson explains in The Square and the Tower , the answer lies largely in one word: networks.
A comprehensive comparison of simple step counting techniques using wrist- and ankle-mounted accelerometer and gyroscope signals

The goal of this work is to compare the differences between various step counting algorithms using both accelerometer and gyroscope measurements from wrist and ankle-mounted sensors. Participants c...
Building Your Clinical Trial Research Team

Clinical trials have become increasingly complex and depend upon the collaboration of multiple highly skilled personnel with quite different skill sets. Two of the most important elements in the conduct of successful clinical trials are (1) assembling a good clinical trial research team and (2) defining the role and contributions of each. This chapter will review the members of a clinical trial research team, detail their roles, and discuss how to assemble the various personnel for a successful, sustainable clinical trial.
Cerebral Resuscitation from Temporary Complete Global Brain Ischemia

The complete global brain ischemia of cardiac arrest (CA), potentially reversible by cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) [1,2] is the most common cause of sudden coma and death [1,3]. Sudden CA kills about 400,000 persons each year in the U.S. In addition, in the over 100,000 accidental deaths each year, coma occurs as a result of trauma, intoxication, asphyxiation, severe shock, or other insults. This talk focused on CPCR research results by our teams, and mentioned only some of the important contributions made by others, most of which have been reviewed [4, 5, 6, 7]. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the chance for conscious survival of normothermic CAdecreases by about 10% for every minute of normothermic complete global brain ischemia (no-flow) [3].
Fusarium Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Successfully Treated with Voriconazole

Fusarium infections in solid-organ transplant recipients are rare and carry high mortality. We report a case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed infection with Fusarium species. The patient received treatment with oral voriconazole for five months with good response.
Moderating Effects of Components of Resilience on Obesity Across Income Strata in the National Survey of Children's Health.

Abstract Objective This study examined whether components of resilience at the family or child level are associated with a decreased risk of obesity in children after accounting for community-, family-, and individual-level stressors associated with an increased risk of obesity. Methods Data are from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, using the subset of children 10 to 17 years of age with weight data. We examined whether or not components of family- or child-level resilience were associated with weight status. Community-, family-, and individual-level risk factors for obesity were examined within each income stratum. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate if components of resilience are associated with lower overweight or obesity. Results The sample included 24,405 10- to 17-year-old children. Child-level but not family-level resilience components were associated with a decreased risk of child obesity across income strata. Food security and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were only associated with obesity within higher income strata; bullying was consistently associated across strata. Physical activity was strongly associated with increased emotional resilience. The association between higher emotional resilience and lower obesity remained after adjusting for community-level factors (parks), family-level factors (ACEs), and individual-level factors (bullying). Better maternal health was associated with increased emotional resilience and lower risk of obesity. Conclusions Resilience, specifically emotional resilience, may be a protective factor against obesity in children regardless of income stratum. Physical activity of the child is associated with greater emotional resilience, and better maternal health may mediate the association between this component of resilience and weight.
Sustainable Food and the Constitution

Sustainable food policies strive for environmental, healthy, economically just, and humane food production. Their success has ignited legal debates about the Constitution. This is not new. Iconic constitutional law cases examine sustainable food, such as meat in the Slaughter-House Cases (1873), bread in Lochner v. New York (1905), and wheat in Wickard v. Filburn (1942). Currently, as eaters, cooks, growers, and policymakers seek sustainable food, food-and-Constitution debates continue. For recent examples, this Article analyzes disputes about pork, foie gras, shark fins, eggs, and ag-gag policies. It uses food studies approaches to identify what motivates food-and-Constitution jurisprudence. For advocates and courts, this illuminates what is at stake, when analyzing sustainable food sourcing, production means, and menu offerings.
Generative design and performance modeling for relationships between urban built forms, sky opening, solar radiation and energy

Abstract For the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate the performance of urban form scenarios such as sky view factors, solar radiation, or energy performance. Simulation-based performance analysis has been applied for optimizing urban design using multiple performance criteria of energy demands, daylighting, or radiance. Two major limitations exist in the performance evaluation methods of urban design: 1) the number of urban design alternatives or scenarios has been limited, and 2) various performance criteria and metrics have not been assessed synthetically. In this respect, we aim to generate all possible alternatives under constraints such as a city policy or development requirements. This paper addresses the integration of generative design and multi-criteria performance analysis for urban design decision making. The relationships between geometric urban forms and multiple performance criteria are identified. The proposed methodology incorporates the reinforcement learning algorithm, an advanced machine learning technique, along with parametric modeling techniques, to enhance urban design decisions based on various performance criteria. This methodology was tested on the design of an international campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology, located in Shenzhen, China. An algorithm generates numerous geometrical alternatives of campus design under site constraints and development requirements of the campus. Those alternatives are then evaluated based on performance criteria of sky openings, solar radiation, or energy consumption synthetically. The method enables an integrated performance analysis for all possible design under constraints. The paper proposes a data driven urban design approach that connect generative design and multi-criteria performance analyses. The relationships between urban geometric forms and performance criteria function derive guidelines for a sustainable and green campus. In future conduct multivariate analysis to examine the relationships between geometric elements and performance measurement metrics.
Plate impact investigation of the dynamic response of commercial tungsten carbide under shock-induced compression and combined compression-and-shear loading

Abstract This article presents results from a series of plate-impact experiments designed to study dynamic response of commercial purity (99.6%) tungsten carbide (WC) under shock-induced normal compression and simultaneous compression-and-shear stress wave loading. The normal shock compression experiments utilize a heated WC flyer plate which impacts a WC target at room temperature, enabling inelastic response of the WC target plate as well as the elevated temperature shock-impedance of the heated WC flyer plate to be probed simultaneously. The measured normal particle velocity profiles at the free surface of the WC target plate exhibit an elastic precursor, which corresponds to a longitudinal stress of ∼5.9–6.2 GPa, and decreasing particle velocity levels in the shocked state with increasing temperature of the WC flyer. The shock impedance of the heated WC flyer is estimated to decrease from 1.05 × 108 to 8.23 × 107 kg/m2s over the temperature range 23–600°C. The simultaneous compression-and-shear loading experiments are conducted using a symmetric oblique plate-impact experimental configuration with progressively increasing angles of inclination (5°, 10°, and 22°), resulting in increasing shear to longitudinal stress ratios upon impact in the WC flyer and target plates. The measured longitudinal and transverse components of the free surface particle velocity in experiments with inclination angles of up to 10° and impact velocities ∼100 m/s (corresponding to shear and longitudinal stress levels of 0.5 GPa and 4.5 GPa, respectively), coincide well with their corresponding elastic particle-velocity predictions. However, the free-surface normal particle velocity profiles for experiments conducted at an oblique impact angle of 22° (corresponding to shear stresses ∼1.3 GPa and longitudinal stress of ∼4.9 GPa) are remarkably different and exhibit a sudden increase in particle velocity from their plateau levels reminiscent of failure waves observed by other investigators in soda lime glass and silicon carbide (SIC-B). The new normal particle velocity level, after the arrival of the recompression/re-acceleration signal, exceeds the magnitude of the impact velocity, suggesting failure of the WC target plate during the stress wave loading process. The relatively large undulations present in the measured free-surface transverse particle velocity profiles provide further evidence for the heterogeneous brittle failure processes in WC under the resulting simple-shear state of stress, and is used to provide estimates for the critical range of simple-shear loading that can initiate catastrophic failure (fracture) in pure WC.
Plasma surface treatment of aluminum nanoparticles for energetic material applications

Abstract Aluminum nanoparticles (nAl) have great potential for energetic applications. However, the native oxide shell (amorphous alumina, Al2O3) inhibits efficient energy release and acts as a barrier for aluminum (Al) oxidation. An energetic oxidizer, aluminum iodate hexahydrate (AIH), has recently been demonstrated as an effective coating for nAl. However, the current chemical synthesis method has led to widely varying AIH concentrations on nAl particles. Plasma surface treatment of nAl is a novel “energy coupled to material” technique which alters the nAl surface properties without changing the bulk active Al core. This work explores a new approach to engineering the nAl surface using atmospheric argon (Ar) plasma to accomplish two objectives: (1) reduce the nAl oxide shell thickness, and (2) synthesize AIH on the treated particle surface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals more than 40% reduction in the oxide thickness after 10 min Ar plasma treatment. Laser-induced air shock from energetic materials (LASEM) experiments show significant energy release enhancements for the plasma-treated nAl with AIH coating (PT-nAl-AIH) compared to commercial nAl as well as untreated nAl with AIH coating (UT-nAl-AIH). The results demonstrate the potential of applying atmospheric plasma techniques to modify nAl for enhanced reactivity.
Effects of different foliar nitrogen fertilizers on cellular nitrogen metabolism and biomass of two shrub willow cultivars

We examined the effects of foliar supplementation of different nitrogen sources (urea, Nitamin, NH4NO3, and arginine) to study their efficacy as fertilizers for growth of two clonally propagated sh...
COMMUNION AND COMPLAINT: ATTACHMENT, OBJECT-RELATIONS, AND TRIANGULAR LOVE PERSPECTIVES ON RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD

The present study attempted to find empirical connections between the attachment, object-relations, and triangular love perspectives as they apply to relationship with God. Attachment to God and ob...
Survival of a male patient harboring CASK Arg27Ter mutation to adolescence

Background CASK is an X-linked gene in mammals and its deletion in males is incompatible with life. CASK heterozygous mutations in female patients associate with intellectual disability, microcephaly, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and optic nerve hypoplasia, whereas CASK hemizygous mutations in males manifest as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with a grim prognosis. Here, we report a rare case of survival of a male patient harboring a CASK null mutation to adolescent age. Methods Trio whole exome sequencing analysis was performed from blood genomic DNA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and electroencephalogram (EEG) analyses were performed to determine anomalies in brain development, metabolite concentrations, and electrical activity, respectively. Results Trio-WES analysis identified a de novo c.79C>T (p.Arginine27Ter) mutation in CASK causing a premature translation termination at the very N-terminus of the protein. The 17-years, and 11-month-old male patient displayed profound intellectual disability, microcephaly, dysmorphism, ponto-cerebellar hypoplasia, and intractable epilepsy. His systemic symptoms included overall reduced somatic growth, dysautonomia, ventilator and G tube dependence, and severe osteopenia. Brain MRI revealed a severe cerebellar and brain stem hypoplasia with progressive cerebral atrophy. EEG spectral analysis revealed a global functional defect with generalized background slowing and delta waves dominating even in the awake state. Conclusion This case study is the first to report survival of a male patient carrying a CASK loss-of-function mutation to adolescence and highlights that improved palliative care could extend survival. Moreover, the genomic position encoding Arg27 in CASK may possess an increased susceptibility to mutations.
A confirmatory factor analysis of the beck anxiety inventory in Latinx primary care patients

Research on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) with ethnic minorities in the U.S. is limited. Because Latinxs constitute 18% of the U.S. population and are the second largest ethnic group in the coun...
Bayesian Multivariate Mixed-Effects Location Scale Modeling of Longitudinal Relations among Affective Traits, States, and Physical Activity

Abstract. Intensive longitudinal studies and experience sampling methods are becoming more common in psychology. While they provide a unique opportunity to ask novel questions about within-person p...
College student mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications of campus relocation.

Abstract Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities evacuated their campuses, requiring students to vacate on campus residences. The psychological outcomes of students who relocated during the pandemic remains unknown. We examined mandated relocation experiences related to self-reported worry, grief, loneliness, and depressive, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional survey data obtained from April 9 to August 4, 2020 on 791 young adults (ages 18–30 years) who were enrolled at a U.S. university. The CARES 2020 Project (COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study) is an online survey of young adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment relied on snowball sampling. Participants were asked if they were required to relocate from campus and among those who did, their experiences in moving. COVID-19-related worry and grief, loneliness, and depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms were assessed. Results Approximately one-third of students reported being mandated to relocate. Students mandated to relocate reported more COVID-19-related grief, loneliness, and generalized anxiety symptoms compared to those who did not even after controlling for the severity level of local COVID-19 outbreaks. Students who had to leave behind valuable personal belongings reported more COVID-19-related worries, grief, and depressive, generalized anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Students who were mandated to relocate reported worse psychological outcomes compared to students who were not mandated to relocate. Our findings have implications for addressing the psychological impact of evacuating college campuses during public health emergencies and other disasters.