cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Canonical Wnt signaling through Lef1 is required for hypothalamic neurogenesis

Although the functional importance of the hypothalamus has been demonstrated throughout vertebrates, the mechanisms controlling neurogenesis in this forebrain structure are poorly understood. We report that canonical Wnt signaling acts through Lef1 to regulate neurogenesis in the zebrafish hypothalamus. We show that Lef1 is required for proneural and neuronal gene expression, and for neuronal differentiation in the posterior hypothalamus. Furthermore, we find that this process is dependent on Wnt8b, a ligand of the canonical pathway expressed in the posterior hypothalamus, and that both Wnt8b and Lef1 act to mediate β-catenin-dependent transcription in this region. Finally, we show that Lef1 associates in vivo with the promoter of sox3, which depends on Lef1 for its expression and can rescue neurogenesis in the absence of Lef1. The conserved presence of this pathway in other vertebrates suggests a common mechanism for regulating hypothalamic neurogenesis.
Possible Aoki phase for staggered fermions

The phase diagram for staggered fermions is discussed in the context of the staggered chiral Lagrangian, extending previous work on the subject. When the discretization errors are significant, there may be an Aoki-like phase for staggered fermions, where the remnant $SO(4)$ taste-symmetry is broken down to $SO(3)$. We solve explicitly for the mass spectrum in the 3-flavor degenerate mass case and discuss qualitatively the $2+1$-flavor case. From numerical results we find that current simulations are outside the staggered-Aoki phase. As for near-future simulations with more-improved versions of the staggered action, it seems unlikely that these will be in the Aoki phase for any realistic value of the quark mass, although the evidence is not conclusive.
Rentless rent-seeking and abnormal returns

The assumption that seekers of a monopoly privilege from government will dissipate the expected value of future related rents by costly pursuit of the privilege is frequently used though subject to a growing debate.' Tullock has described a set of plausible circumstances where strategic bidding for a single prize leads to net gains for the rent seeking participants.2 That is, even with competition for rents, less than full dissipation of future gains may obtain. (Tullock also identifies other circumstances where the process is a zeroor negative-sum game.) If the theory of rentless rent-seeking holds under any set of circumstances, empirical work designed to identify wealth effects associated with a regulatory event is destined to fail. Indeed, such empirical analysis may find no effect when in fact a regulatory restriction has occurred. Yet reports of empirical research on regulatory effects have supported the hypothesis that rents have been generated.3 Do such empirical results implicitly support Tullock's theory of efficient rent-seeking? Are such results purely random observations of one of many discrete regulatory processes involving the same firms where the overall expected value is zero?4 Or is there an explanation of such results that is consistent with full dissipation of rents and systematic observation of abnormal positive returns for shareholders of directly affected firms? This article offers another explanation for observing profitable rent-seeking that is compatible with Tullock's observations and rent dissipation theory. The next section gives the explanation. That section is followed by a brief summary.
Formation of dimers of inclusion cryptand/paraquat complexes driven by dipole–dipole and face-to-face π-stacking interactions

Dimers of inclusion complexes were formed from a new cryptand and viologens (paraquats) driven by dipole–dipole and face-to-face π-stacking interactions as shown by mass spectrometric characterization and X-ray analysis.
The true meaning of 'exotic species' as a model for genetically engineered organisms.

The exotic or non-indigenous species model for deliberately introduced genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) has often been misunderstood or misrepresented. Yet proper comparisons of ecologically competent GEOs to the patterns of adaptation of introduced species have been highly useful among scientists in attempting to determine how to apply biological theory to specific GEO risk issues, and in attempting to define the probabilities and scale of ecological risks with GEOs. In truth, the model predicts that most projects may be environmentallysafe, but a significant minority may be very risky.
NEW PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADOPTION: WHEN DOES IT HAPPEN?

Models of the new product adoption process have traditionally assumed that consumers move directly from product trial to adoption. Such an assumption essentially equates product purchase with adoption. Is it advisable for the manager to assume that consumers who purchase a new product for the first time are adopters of the innovation? This article argues that viewing the adoption process in this manner not only may be misleading, but could be incorrect. It is proposed that the addition of two variables — direct product experience and product evaluation—between trial and adoption will more accurately reflect the consumer's new product decision process. Empirical results from an energy‐related innovation provide support for the suggested modifications.
Bip Is a Molecular Link between the Phase I and Phase II Estrogenic Responses in Uterus

Uterine estrogenic actions are biphasic, early (phase I) and late (phase II) responses. However, the molecular linkage between these phases is not known. Although certain phase I responses are considered estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ independent, the phase II responses are ERα dependent. We previously observed that among several genes Bip is induced by estrogen in the mouse uterus in an ER-independent manner as a phase I response. Bip is a member of the chaperone family and plays roles in protein processing and confers cellular protection. However, its role in estrogen-dependent uterine biology is unknown. We show here a new function of Bip in regulating estrogen signaling in the uterus. Bip, induced during the phase I responses, molecularly interacts with ERα required for estrogen-mediated phase II growth responses. Utilizing in vivo and in vitro model systems, we found that adenovirus-driven suppression of Bip antagonizes ERα-mediated uterine gene transcription. Importantly, down-regulation of Bip com...
Some Evidence of “Psychic Blindness” in Monkeys with Focal-Head Irradiation of the Temporal Lobes

This study was conducted to compare the effects of various extra-cage social stimuli on the free-cage behavior of normal monkeys and of monkeys with previous focal-head irradiation. Four control and four focal-head irradiated monkeys with nearly identical training histories were used, the latter being the survivors of a focal-head irradiation study conducted 41/2 yr earlier. They had received 3000 r x radiation to an area of the head containing the inferior parietal lobule and posterior aspect of the temporal lobe, and repeated 30 days later Each group was systematically observed under each of four socialstimulus conditions with the order of condition presentation counterbalanced within each group over a 4-day period. The four social-stimulus conditions included: absence of social stimulus, an adult male monkey, an adult female monkey at menses, and an adult female monkey at estimated time of ovulation. The socialstimulus conditions showed no effect on the nondirected activities of the normal monkeys, but produced a marked decrease in the nondirected activities of the focal-head irradiated monkeys, with the least number of such activities being manifest in the presence of the adult female monkey at ovulation. Under conditions of social stimulation the normal monkeys showed a marked decrease in totalmore » directed activities of the non-social-stimulus condition, while the focal-head irradiated monkeys showed a marked increase, the effect in each instance being greatest in the presence of the female at ovulation. The directed activities, toward the cage as an object, of the controls decreasrd and those of the experimental subjects increased. The controls were more than twice as responsive to the female at estimated time of ovulation as to the other two social stimuli, while the experimental monkeys were equally responsive to each of the three social stimuli. The data suggest the presence of psychic blindness in the monkeys previously exposed to focal-head irradiation of the temporal lobes. (BBB)« less
Frustration and disorder in granular superconductors

We consider the behavior of ordered and disordered three-dimensional weakly coupled arrays of superconducting grains embedded in a nonsuperconducting host and placed in a magnetic field $B$. In ordered simple-cubic arrays, with $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}$ parallel to a crystal axis and nearest-neighbor interactions, both Monte Carlo and molecular-field calculations show that ${T}_{c}$ is periodic in $B$ with a period of one flux quantum per unit square perpendicular to the field, and with complex substructure, as found previously in two-dimensional ordered arrays. The dependence of ${T}_{c}$ upon $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}$ is also shown to be highly anisotropic. Positionally disordered arrays are shown to behave at sufficiently strong fields very much like a spin-glass: They are, in fact, a physical realization of the "gauge glass" discussed by several authors. Varying the magnetic field, at strong fields, is equivalent to jumping from one "spin-glass replica" to another. Monte Carlo calculations for a model of dilute Pb spheres in a Zn host show a continuous transformation from an "$\mathrm{xy}$ ferromagnet" to spin-glass behavior: ${T}_{c}(B)$ first drops with increasing field, then saturates at strong fields. For weaker disorder, ${T}_{c}(B)$ is predicted to be a damped oscillating function of $B$. Both ordered and disordered samples are predicted to be anisotropic superfluids in a magnetic field. The implications of these predictions for measurements of kinetic inductance and other transport properties are briefly discussed.
EXTREMELY SLOW DYNAMICS OF A WEAKLY WETTING LIQUID AT A SOLID/LIQUID INTERFACE : CS2 CONFINED IN NANOPOROUS GLASSES

The orientational dynamics of liquid CS2 confined in silicate nanopores have been studied over a broad range of temperatures using optical Kerr effect spectroscopy. The average orientational correl...
Excitation of the ||(n+1) 3P2> and ||(n+1) 3P0> metastable levels of the heavy rare gases from the ||n 1S0> ground state by electron impact.

Relative intensity ratios for the differential electron-impact excitation of the metastable states of the rare gases neon, argon, and xenon at the incident energy of 30 eV and scattering angles 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\char21{}120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are presented and are compared with available theory.
Somatosensory responses to stimulus trains: normative data.

Abstract This paper investigates the human evoked response produced by peripherally stimulating the median nerve with a repetitive high frequency stimulus. The human somatosensory system can be driven and the resultant evoked response can be consistently recognized at frequencies as high as 200 Hz. This somatosensory evoked response to trains (SERT) has proven to be a very reliable and easily quantifiable measure. Seventeen normal subjects and a total of 28 hands were investigated. Each hand was stimulated with eight different frequency runs, each consisting of 64 trains of stimuli spaced 2 sec apart. The frequencies of stimulation were 12, 20,40,60,80,100,160 and 200 Hz. Each stimulus had a width of 0.25 msec and the train lenght was fixed at 250 msec. Three data processing steps were utilized. The initial procedure was the on-line computation of the contralateral SERT. Secondly, a filtered SERT was calculated by narrowband filtering of the EEG signal and averaging. Finally, a single cycle filtered SERT was calculated by narrowband filtering of the EEG signal and averaging across the interstimulus interval. The amplitude and time of occurence of the peak negative value obtained from this measure were used to quantify the suject response at each stimulating frequency. Signal variability due to activity at the bipolar reference electrode was investigated, as were differential phase shifts between signals recorded at anterior and posterior electrode locations. In addition, topographical mappings of the single cycle amplitudes and phase angles were obtained at the different stimulating frequencies. The distributions of the peak-to-peak amplitude values were consistent with topographical data previously reported for the somatosensory evoked response, while the phase angles tended to distribute in such a way as to divide the scalp into two discrete regions.
Structural health monitoring using wavelet transforms

A new method of damage detection using wavelet transforms and curvature mode shapes is proposed in this paper. A damage in the structure results in changing its dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, damping, and mode shapes. A number of researchers have investigated structural health monitoring techniques for identifying, locating, and quantifying the damage using the changes in the dynamic response of a damaged structure. Curvature mode shape and wavelet maps are two such methods that have already been used to locate damages. These methods have some limitations in determining the exact location of the damages. We have developed a technique by combining these two methods for enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy in damage location. The mode shapes are double differentiated using the central difference approximation to obtain the curvature mode shape. Then a wavelet map is constructed for the curvature mode shape. It is shown that this method can be used to determine the location of the damages. The proposed method is applied to detect damage in an experimental lattice structure and a cantilever beam with multiple damages. The mode shapes are obtained analytically using finite element analysis and also experimentally using laser vibrometer. The experimental results obtained are satisfactory.
Chemiluminescence from rat alveolar macrophages following induction of phospholipidosis with chlorphentermine.

Abstract Rats were treated with chlorphentermine (30 mg/kg) 5 days a week for 4 weeks during which time a phospholipidosis developed in the alveolar macrophages of the lung. Compared to control macrophages, an enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), with altered kinetics, was generated when cells from treated rats were challenged with zymosan. The role of reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide anion, in the increased CL was studied. Superoxide dismutase inhibited the CL from control cells correspondingly more than with lipidotic cells indicating processes other than the release of superoxide anion from the cells were involved in the enhanced CL response. While total oxygen consumption was similar for both cell populations, lipidotic cells released less superoxide anion during challenge than controls. Concomitantly, lipidotic cells showed an increase in lipid peroxidation. These results are consistent with an explanation that rather than being released by the cell, superoxide anion may become involved in a secondary reaction within the cell such as lipid peroxidation which is then reflected in the altered CL response.
Synthesis of the glivocarcin-M aglycone

Abstract The synthesis of the agylcone of the antibiotic Gilvocardin-M by a sequential Meerwein Diels-Alder route is reported. The D-ring of the agylcone is attached by a halogen atom directed Meerwein arylation reaction and the A-ring is attached by a halogen atom directed Diels-Alder reaction. In the key step the directing chlorine atom is removed by a new thiophenylation reduction sequence.
A physical and functional constituent of telomerase anchor site.

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase responsible for the maintenance of one strand of the telomere terminal repeats. It consists minimally of a catalytic protein component (TERT) and an RNA subunit that provides the template. Compared with prototypical reverse transcriptases, telomerase is unique in possessing a DNA binding domain (anchor site) that is distinct from the catalytic site. Yeast TERT mutants bearing deletion or point mutations in an N-terminal domain (known as N-GQ) were found to be selectively impaired in extending primers that form short hybrids with telomerase RNA. The mutants also suffered a significant loss of repeat addition processivity but displayed an enhancement in nucleotide addition processivity. Furthermore, the mutants manifested altered primer utilization properties for oligonucleotides containing non-telomeric residues in the 5′-region. Cross-linking studies indicate that the N-GQ domain physically contacts the 5′-region of the DNA substrate in the context of a telomerase-telomere complex. Together, these results implicate the N-GQ domain of TERT as a physical and functional constituent of the telomerase anchor site. Coupled with previous genetic analysis, our data confirm that anchor site interaction is indeed important for telomerase function in vivo.
Nijhoff in America Booksellers from the Netherlands and the Development of American Research Libraries – Part II

Abstract American libraries began to be developed in the middle of the nineteenth century and were among the world’s most prominent a century later. The remarkable history of the major libraries in North America, their European models and their strong and innovative leadership is reported here in more or less chronological sequence from the earliest efforts to about 1970, when the unprecedented growth came to an end. The building of the international library collections could not have been achieved without the enterprising efforts of many booksellers in England and on the European continent. Among those who made significant contributions, were three booksellers from the Netherlands: Frederik Muller, Martinus Nijhoff and Swets & Zeitlinger. This article describes their role, but concentrates on Martinus Nijhoff, publisher and bookseller of The Hague, who had by far the longest successful tenure in supplying American libraries with European books and periodicals. Between 1853 and 1971, three generations of the Nijhoff family – Martinus, Wouter and Wouter Pzn –, with their staff members, built one of the leading international publishing and bookselling houses in the Netherlands. Their legacy is permanently embedded in the collections of the great North American libraries.
Gating Mechanism of BK (Slo1) Channels: So Near, Yet So Far

Large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated K+ channels (Slo1), also referred to as “BK” or “maxi K” channels because of their high single channel conductance (250–300 pS in symmetrical 150 mM KCl), are widely distributed in many different tissues ([Kaczorowski et al., 1996][1]). A
Recurrence Relations for the Inverse Moments of the Positive Binomial Variable

Abstract Grab and Savage [2] have obtained a recurrence formula for the first inverse moment of the positive binomial variable. In the present paper recurrence formula for the kth inverse moment of the positive binomial variable is derived, for k = 1, 2, …. The cumulative rounding error propagated by using these formulae recurrently is considered. Bounds for the propagated relative rounding error are obtained. By comparing some of the moments evaluated by the use of recurrence formulae, with the true values, it is noted that the rounding error involved in the first two inverse moments will be at most one unit in the last decimal place and the error will be practically zero when p is large.
Purification and properties of acriflavine, proflavine and related compounds.

Abstract Column chromatographic methods are described for the isolation in the pure state and with high yields of acriflavine and proflavine from commercial samples of acriflavine hydrochloride N.F. and proflavine dihydrochloride, respectively. A simplified procedure for the crystallization of acridine yellow also is described. The pure compounds have been characterized with respect to elemental analysis, absorption spectra and paper chromatography.
High-temperature implantation of gold into nickel

Abstract The role of irradiation temperature on implant distributions was investigated in the Au-Ni system. Gold ions were implanted at 300 keV into polycrystalline nickel samples at temperatures between 25 and 700 °C to a dose of 10 16 cm -2 . The spatial gold distributions were analyzed with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, using both 1.7 and 3.0 MeV 4 He, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results showed that the gold profiles were practically insensitive to target temperature below about 200 °C. At higher temperatures, systematic decreases in the surface and peak concentrations and longer penetration tails were observed. The evolution of the implant distribution in time and space during implantation was also calculated theoretically by means of a comprehensive kinetic model. In general, the effects observed experimentally can be reproduced theoretically, and interpreted in terms of substantial sputtering at low temperatures, and dominant radiation-induced segregation at higher temperatures. In addition, a systematic fitting of model calculations to experimental measurements allowed the determination of various defect parameters.
Is cognition enough to explain cognitive development

Traditional views separate cognitive processes from sensory-motor processes, seeing cognition as amodal, propositional, and compositional, and thus fundamentally different from the processes that underlie perceiving and acting. These were the ideas on which cognitive science was founded 30 years ago. However, advancing discoveries in neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and psychology suggests that cognition may be inseparable from processes of perceiving and acting. From this perspective, this study considers the future of cognitive science with respect to the study of cognitive development.
Ground and excited states of 2-hydroxyaniline trimers: comparison of ΔSCF and CIS

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the conformational distribution and electronic structure of a hydroxy-substituted aniline trimer. The computations are validated by comparison of the theoretically predicted electronic adsorption spectra for this compound with experimental UV-Visible spectra.
Frequency Response of the Back-flow Cell Model of Mass-Transfer Processes: Packed-Column Characteristics for Tracer-Gas Absorption

Abstract Frequency-response techniques are developed for the backflow cell model as applied to countercurrent two-phase flow processes with exchange of a single solute. Experimental outlet-gas response curves have been obtained for step injection of tracer gas into the air inlet of a six-inch packed bubble column with different countercurrent flow rates of water. Numerical Fourier transformation of these curves yields frequency-response characteristics that are compared with those of the backflow cell model. On this basis, the backflow cell model adequately simulates the dynamics of the system.
Turkeys Require Vitamin B12 and Choline

Abstract THE vitamin B12 and choline requirements of chicks have been studied by numerous investigators but little information is available regarding the vitamin B12 requirements of turkeys as affected by choline additions to the diet. Patrick (1951) reported that Beltsville Small White turkeys did not respond to crystalline vitamin B12. Reports by McGinnis (1951) and Sherwood and Briggs (1951) indicated a slight response of Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys to the feeding of vitamin B12. A similar response was reported by Branion and Hill (1951) with crystalline vitamin B12. The work of Gartley et al. (1951) indicated that added dietary choline was not required by poults fed a vegetable protein ration. Couch and Atkinson (1950) reported that the growing turkey receiving an all-vegetable protein ration does not require added vitamin B12 unless antibiotics are also fed. The present investigation was initiated to determine whether poults would respond to vitamin B12 and whether …
Inguinal hernia: what we have learned from laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral side.

Purpose of review The evaluation for and management of a contralateral patent processus vaginalis in children presenting with a unilateral inguinal hernia has been debated for over 60 years. The emergence of transinguinal laparoscopy as an evaluative tool has changed the landscape of the debate, offering a safe and minimally invasive option. The review will highlight some of the significant recent contributions to this debate. Recent findings Recent studies have confirmed the safety of transinguinal laparoscopy, and demonstrated a high level of sensitivity and specificity for it in the evaluation of the contralateral inguinal ring. In comparison, the practice of physical examination under anesthesia for evaluation of the contralateral inguinal region has proven to be ineffective. Further, age and gender differences in the incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis have recently been challenged. These data call into question the practices of routine or selective open inguinal exploration and present laparoscopy as the most effective means of evaluation. Summary Transinguinal laparoscopy offers a safe and effective means of evaluating the contralateral inguinal ring during ipsilateral hernia repair. The relatively high incidences of both contralateral patent processus vaginalis and contralateral metachronous hernia development in children justify the use of routine laparoscopic evaluation.
ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATION OF POSSIBLY NONSTATIONARY VECTOR TIME SERIES

. This paper presents efficient algorithms for evaluating the likelihood function and its gradient of possibly nonstationary vector autoregressive moving-average (VARMA) processes.
Latino Population Growth, Characteristics, and Settlement Trends: Implications for Social Work Education in a Dynamic Political Climate

This paper identifies a number of significant contemporary trends in the Latino population, including the striking growth of the community, new points of entry and settlement for recent immigrants, the mixed-status nature of families, and the increase in the proportion of U.S. households that speak Spanish. The implications of these trends for social welfare practice, programming, policy, and social work education are discussed in the context of a dynamic political climate regarding immigration. The paper concludes with a focus on the critical role of schools of social work in developing more meaningful responses to bilingual manpower needs and the complex cultural and social policy issues this community presents. Examples of curricular and programmatic responses are provided.
The Antecedents of Commitment towards Collaborative Work Practice Outcomes

Collaboration technologies offer benefits for organizations to make teamwork more productive and creative. Yet the organizational transition towards using particular types of collaboration technologies is often fraught with challenges. A key condition for successfully transitioning towards a new way of working is that the stakeholders are committed to the outcomes of the new collaboration process. Little is known about the antecedents of this commitment. This study investigates the antecedents of user commitment using the Technology Transition Model (TTM) and Yield Shift Theory (YST). Specifically, this study examines the effect of satisfaction with process (SP), satisfaction with outcomes (SO), and perceived magnitude of net value (MNV) on user commitment (C) to the results of collaborative work practices. Subjects from three international organizations participated in the study. Results show that MNV and SO predict commitment while SP partially predicted commitment, with MNV the strongest predictor.
Kinetic and structural characterization of Slr0077/SufS, the essential cysteine desulfurase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Cysteine desulfurases, designated NifS, IscS, and SufS, cleave l-cysteine to form alanine and an enzyme cysteinyl persulfide intermediate. Genetic studies on the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 have shown that of the three Nif/Isc/SufS-like proteins encoded in its genome only the sequence group II protein, Slr0077/SufS, is essential. This protein has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, shown to bind pyridoxal-5‘-phosphate (PLP) and to catalyze cysteine desulfuration, and characterized in terms of its structure and kinetics. The results suggest that catalysis in the absence of accessory factors has two constituent pathways, one involving nucleophilic attack by C372 to form the Slr0077/SufS-bound cysteinyl persulfide intermediate and the second involving intermolecular attack by the sulfur of a second molecule of the substrate on the initial l-cysteine−PLP complex to form free l-cysteine persulfide. The second pathway is operant in the C372A variant prot...
Solving two-dimensional large- N QCD with a nonzero density of baryons and arbitrary quark mass

We solve two-dimensional large-$N$ QCD in the presence of a nonzero baryon number $B$, and for arbitrary quark mass $m$ and volume $L$. We fully treat the dynamics of the gluonic zero modes and check how this affects results from previous studies of the $B=0$ and $B=1$ systems. For a finite density of baryons, and for any $mg0$, we find that the ground state contains a baryon crystal with expectation values for $⟨\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\psi}⟩$ that have a helixlike spatial structure. We study how these evolve with $B$ and see that the volume integral of $⟨\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}\ensuremath{\psi}⟩$ strongly changes with the baryon density. We compare this emerging crystal structure with the sine-Gordon crystal, which is expected to be a good approximation for light quarks, and find that it is a very good approximation for surprisingly heavy quarks. We also calculate the way the ground state energy $E$ changes as a function of the baryon number $B$, and find that for sufficiently large densities the function $E(B)$ is well described by the equation of state for free massless quarks, thus suggesting a quark-Hadron continuity. From $\ensuremath{\partial}E(B)/\ensuremath{\partial}B$ we calculate the quark chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$ as a function of $B$ and see that the baryons repel each other. The way $\ensuremath{\mu}$ depends on $B$ also allows us to translate our findings to the grand-canonical ensemble. The resulting phase structure along the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ axis contains a phase transition that occurs at a value of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ equal to the baryon mass divided in $N$, and that separates a $\ensuremath{\mu}$-independent phase with intact translation symmetry from a $\ensuremath{\mu}$-dependent phase with spontaneously broken translation symmetry. Finally, our calculations confirm the presence of a partial large-$N$ Eguchi-Kawai volume independence, as described in [Phys. Rev. D 79, 105021 (2009)], that arises only if one treats the gluonic zero modes correctly.
Quality of Life: Radical Prostatectomy Versus Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

AbstractPurpose: The impact of radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy on the quality of life of patients was compared.Materials and Methods: A total of 136 patients underwent radical prostatectomy and 60 underwent external beam radiotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire containing The Functional Living Index: Cancer, the Profile of Moods States, and a series of questions evaluating bladder, bowel and sexual function.Results: The radical prostatectomy group had worse sexual function and urinary incontinence, while the external beam radiotherapy group had worse bowel function. Of the patients 90 percent from both groups stated that they would undergo the treatment again.Conclusions: Radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy have comparable impact upon quality of life.
Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Minerals

Minerals are essential for a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes in the human body. Some of the physiologic roles of minerals important to athletes are their involvement in: muscle contraction, normal hearth rhythm, nerve impulse conduction, oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme activation, immune functions, antioxidant activity, bone health, and acid-base balance of the blood. The two major classes of minerals are the macrominerals and the trace elements. The scope of this article will focus on the ergogenic theory and the efficacy of such mineral supplementation.
Blocking probability and channel assignment in wireless networks

We consider a multi-hop wireless network with a connection-oriented traffic model and multiple transmission channels that can be spatially re-used. In such a network the blocking probability of a call that makes a channel request depends on (a) the channel assignment scheme and (b) the transmission radius of the nodes which affects the network link structure. In this work, we study these two aspects for simple wireless networks. Specifically, we develop blocking probability analysis for a wireless line and grid network and explore the tradeoff between transmission radius and blocking probability for multi-hop calls. We show that for a line network a larger transmission radius can substantially reduce the blocking probability of calls, while for a grid network with a more dense node topology using a smaller transmission radius is better. We then, investigate various channel assignment schemes and present a novel non-rearranging channel assignment algorithm for multi-hop calls in a general network. Our algorithm efficiently incorporates spatial channel re-use and significantly reduces call blocking probability when compared to other algorithms.
Network coding with periodic recomputation for minimum energy multicasting in mobile ad-hoc networks

We consider the problem of minimum-energy multicast using network coding in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The optimal solution can be obtained by solving a linear program every time slot, but it leads to high computational complexity. In this paper, we consider a low-complexity approach, network coding with periodic recomputation, which recomputes an approximate solution at fixed time intervals, and uses this solution during each time interval. As the network topology changes slowly, we derive a theoretical bound on the performance gap between our suboptimal solution and the optimal solution. For complexity analysis, we assume that interior-point method is used to solve a linear program at the first time slot of each interval. Moreover, we can use the suboptimal solution in the preceding interval as a good initial solution of the linear program at each fixed interval. Based on this interior-point method with a warm start strategy, we obtain a bound on complexity. Finally, we consider an example network scenario and minimize the complexity subject to the condition that our solution achieves a given optimality gap.
Suppressed TGF-beta1 expression is correlated with up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in keloid regression after flashlamp pulsed-dye laser treatment.

Background and Objectives Flashlamp pulsed-dye lasers (PDLs) has shown effectiveness in the treatment of keloids. In this study, we investigated whether PDL treatments decreased transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)—induction and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in keloid regression. Study Design/Materials and Methods Keloid tissues obtained from 10 patients with intra-lesional or punch biopsies before and 7 days after PDL treatments [fluence per pulse was 10–18 J/cm2 (mean 14.0 J/cm2)]. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of TGF-β1 and MMP-1 and MMP-13 expressions in keloid tissue was performed. Western blot analysis of MMP-1 and MMP-13 expressions in extracellular matrix was evaluated. Results IHC staining indicated that expression of TGF-β1 was significantly reduced in keloid tissues after PDL irradiation. MMP-13 but not MMP-1 expression on IHC staining significantly increased in extracellular matrix of keloid tissues after PDL treatment. Western blot analysis also showed MMP-13 but not MMP-1 significant increased in keloid tissues after PDL treatment. Conclusions Regression of keloids regressed after PDL treatments are associated with down-regulation of TGF-β1 expression and up-regulation of MMP-13 activity. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:38–42, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prostaglandins and Inflammation

Prostaglandins are lipid autacoids derived from arachidonic acid. They both sustain homeostatic functions and mediate pathogenic mechanisms, including the inflammatory response. They are generated from arachidonate by the action of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, and their biosynthesis is blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including those selective for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Despite the clinical efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, prostaglandins may function in both the promotion and resolution of inflammation. This review summarizes insights into the mechanisms of prostaglandin generation and the roles of individual mediators and their receptors in modulating the inflammatory response. Prostaglandin biology has potential clinical relevance for atherosclerosis, the response to vascular injury and aortic aneurysm.
Every finite solvable group with a unique element of order two, except the quaternion group, has a symmetric sequencing

All finite solvable groups that have symmetric sequencings are characterized. Let G be a finite solvable group. It is shown that G has a symmetric sequencing if and only if G has a unique element of order two and is not the quaternion group. All finite groups with a unique element of order two such that the order of the group is not divisible by three are solvable and thus, except for the quaternion group, have symmetric sequencings. A crucial step used in the proof of these facts is a construction showing that if a finite group H has a normal subgroup C of odd order such that H/C admits a 2-sequencing, then H admits a 2-sequencing. The results of this article can be viewed as generalizing a theorem of Gordon about Abelian groups and as extending the idea of a starter, suitably modified, to a large class of groups of even order by showing the existence of the required object. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Conversion of monophasic to recurrent autoimmune disease by autoreactive T cell subsets

Autoimmune uveitis has been elicited in susceptible rodents by several ocular-specific Ags. In most of these animal models the induced uveitis is acute and monophasic. Because recurrent uveitis poses the highest risk for blinding ocular complications in human disease, a spontaneous relapsing animal model would be most helpful in understanding the disease pathogenesis. In our current study we have observed that the adoptive transfer of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein residues 1177-1191-specific T cells to naive Lewis rats induced a chronic relapsing disease, in contrast to the monophasic disease induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein residues 1177-1191 emulsified in CFA. The chronic relapsing uveitis induced by autoreactive T cell subsets is dependent on the number of autoreactive T cells generated as well as their activation status. Our study documented a spontaneous model of recurrent uveitis in the rat, which should assist us in the study of disease pathogenesis and the design of specific therapy.
Status of Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

The intraductal approach is particularly appealing in the setting of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a preinvasive breast neoplasm that is thought to be entirely intraductal in its extent. Based on an emerging understanding of the anatomy of the ductal system as well as novel techniques to leverage the access accorded by the intraductal approach, researchers are actively exploring how ductal lavage, ductoscopy, and intraductal infusion of therapeutic agents may enhance breast cancer treatment. Both cytologic and molecular diagnostics continue to improve, and work is ongoing to identify the most effective diagnostic biomarkers for DCIS and cancer, although optimal targeting of the diseased duct remains an important consideration. Ductoscopy holds potential in detection of occult intraductal lesions, and ductoscopically guided lumpectomy could increase the likelihood of a more comprehensive surgical excision. Exciting pilot studies are in progress to determine the safety and feasibility of intraductal chemotherapy infusion. These studies are an important starting point for future investigations of intraductal ablative therapy for DCIS, because as our knowledge and techniques evolve, it is likely that DCIS may be the target most amenable to treatment by intraductal therapy. If such studies are successful, these approaches will allow an important and meaningful transformation in treatment options for women diagnosed with DCIS.
Vitamin B12-responsive severe leukoencephalopathy and autonomic dysfunction in a patient with “normal” serum B12 levels

Leukoencephalopathy and autonomic dysfunction have been described in individuals with very low serum B(12) levels (<200 pg/ml), in addition to psychiatric changes, neuropathy, dementia and subacute combined degeneration. Elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels are considered more sensitive and specific for evaluating truly functional B(12) deficiency. A previously healthy 62-year-old woman developed depression and cognitive deficits with autonomic dysfunction that progressed over the course of 5 years. The patient had progressive, severe leukoencephalopathy on multiple MRI scans over 5 years. Serum B(12) levels ranged from 267 to 447 pg/ml. Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels were normal. Testing for antibody to intrinsic factor was positive, consistent with pernicious anaemia. After treatment with intramuscular B(12) injections (1000 μg daily for 1 week, weekly for 6 weeks, then monthly), she made a remarkable clinical recovery but remained amnesic for major events of the last 5 years. Repeat MRI showed partial resolution of white matter changes. Serum B(12), homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels are unreliable predictors of B(12)-responsive neurologic disorders, and should be thoroughly investigated and presumptively treated in patients with unexplained leukoencephalopathy because even long-standing deficits may be reversible.
Investigation of accelerating numerical-field analysis methods for electric machines with the incorporation of graphic-processor based parallel processing techniques

This paper assesses the application of parallel methods to graphic processing units to solve electric-machine field-analysis problems. Current serial-solving techniques do not allow for real time simulation, and waiting for the computational capability to improve enough does not seem practical. The background of graphic-processing-unit based programming that incorporates parallel programming techniques is explored and shown to be an alternative approach for accelerating existing numerical-field analysis techniques. With the advent of C-based coding languages for graphic processing units, existing MATLAB routines can be transitioned to parallel methods by porting functions. Finally, the issues associated with utilizing these techniques are explored in a boundary-element based field-analysis problem.
Stability and Second-Order Analyses of Frames with Semirigid Connections under Distributed Axial Loads

The stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices and load vector of a prismatic beam-column with semirigid connections under any distributed axial load are presented. The derived matrices can be used in the stability and second-order analyses of 2D and 3D framed structures with sidesway uninhibited, partially inhibited, or totally inhibited in any type of construction. The effects of diagonal truss bracing and connection flexural stiffness on the lateral stability of frames are discussed. Four examples are included that show the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed method in the analysis of 2D and 3D framed structures with semirigid connections subjected to concentrated and distributed axial loads. It is shown that the stability and second-order behavior of framed structures depend on (1) geometry and column layout; (2) size and type of bracing against sidesway; (3) type and degree of restraints at the column supports; (4) type of connection (i.e., degree of restraint) and the relative flexural stif...
On the merits of student-recruited sampling: Opinions a decade in the making

Student-recruited sampling (SRS), which typically involves students soliciting participants from predetermined populations to assist in data collection, has become an increasingly common and important research design feature. As evidence, many of the top occupational science journals have published studies with SRS as an important research component in recent years. Supportive evidence notwithstanding, SRS has been subjected to considerable consternation – Arguments that often have taken a one-sided, and highly pejorative, tone. Wheeler, Shanine, Leon, and Whitman's (2013, J. Occup. Organ. Psychol.) recent meta-analysis, which compared data from SRS and non-SRS contexts, challenged the legitimacy of these claims. Findings opposed the persistent ‘non-representativeness’ criticism documenting comparable effect sizes for politics perceptions and engagement across designs. In this commentary, I briefly discuss implications of their findings and then offer my opinions regarding the use of SRS as informed by the last decade of personal involvement.
Mad Cow Disease: An Empirical Investigation of Restaurant Strategies and Consumer Response

Mad Cow Disease is arguably one of the most substantial food-safety-related issues to have concerned the restaurant industry in recent years. In the United Kingdom, where the disease has had particularly widespread effects, the ramifications for the restaurant industry have been characterized as catastrophic—yet little empirical evidence supports this. This study examines changes in customers'in-restaurant purchasing behavior as measured through the sales activity of 86 London restaurants from 1995 through 2000. Results suggest that although restaurants did not experience an overall downturn in revenue following the outbreak of Mad Cow Disease, these same operations did see sales of beef items decline. Moreover, restaurants featuring few or no beef items experienced stronger overall sales than their counterparts with a strong beef orientation on the menu. Finally, the study indicates that educating customers at the point of service enhanced beef sales when controlling for promotional efforts aimed at nonb...