cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of bizelesin (U-77,779), a bifunctional alkylating minor groove binder, on replication of genomic and simian virus 40 DNA in BSC-1 cells

Bizelesin, an AT-specific DNA-alkylating antitumor drug, is a potent inhibitor of genomic DNA replication in BSC-1 cells. Fifty percent inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed at 10 nM bizelesin compared to 160 nM needed for 50% inhibition of RNA synthesis while no inhibition of protein synthesis was observed up to 200 nM. Sedimentation analysis of nascent genomic DNA showed that bizelesin inhibited new replicon initiation and had significantly less effect on replicon maturation. Bizelesin also suppressed the intracellular synthesis of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA in virus-infected BSC-1 cells. The analysis of nascent SV40 intermediates synthesized after bizelesin treatment confirmed an initiation-specific inhibition. The inhibitory effects on cellular DNA replication occurred at bizelesin levels resulting in infrequent adducts (one adduct per several replicons). Only one bizelesin adduct per several SV40 molecules was needed for a potent inhibition of intracellular SV40 replication. In contrast, only partial inhibition of SV40 replication in vitro was observed with bizelesin-treated naked SV40 DNA as a template. Overall, the results indicate that infrequent bizelesin lesions impede the cellular replication apparatus at the level of the initiation of new replicons.
Use of an APF Supplement* With and Without Fish Meal for Egg Production and Hatchability

Abstract VITAMIN B12 is recognized as an essential dietary nutrient for hatchability. Limited data is now available concerning animal protein factor supplements as a source of this vitamin and other factors. Carver and McGinnis (1950a) found that a fermentation APF supplement was effective at levels of 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125 percent in improving hatchability from a low level or maintaining high hatchability in a nine-week experiment with hens on litter or wire. Another APF supplement with a content of 12.5 mg. of vitamin B12 per pound was reported by Hill et al. (1950) to be as effective in maintaining hatchability as 6 percent fish meal. These experimental birds were reared from day-old to 10 months on wire floors and fed the same supplements during the entire period. This product, when used at 0.11 percent, apparently contained adequate B12 to support good hatchability and permitted even greater transfer to the chick than . . .
The burden of rhinitis in a managed care organization

Background Rhinitis is a common health condition, but the extent of the burden in managed care organizations (MCOs) has not been well described. Objective To compare medical utilization in a large MCO of patients (1) with vs without rhinitis and (2) with allergic (AR) vs nonallergic (NAR) rhinitis. Methods Patients 4 years and older with 1 or more encounters with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code for rhinitis and patients treated for rhinitis but without a rhinitis encounter (rhinitis treatment-only group) were identified. Patients seen in allergy departments for rhinitis were categorized as having AR or NAR. Results Of 1,726,084 patients continuously enrolled for all 4 study years, 29% had 1 or more encounters for rhinitis (15%) or were treated for rhinitis (14%). Compared with patients without rhinitis, those with rhinitis encounters were significantly more likely to have encounters for asthma (odds ratio [OR], 2.7), acute sinusitis (OR, 4.4), chronic sinusitis (OR, 15.2), conjunctivitis (OR, 1.5), acute otitis media (OR, 1.9), chronic otitis media (OR, 4.3), sleep apnea (OR, 3.4), and fatigue (OR, 2.0). Results for rhinitis treatment-only patients (n = 242,565) were generally similar to those for rhinitis encounter patients. NAR was diagnosed in 21% of patients, who were significantly more likely than patients with AR to undergo sinus radiology and nasal surgery; to receive diagnoses of sinusitis, otitis media, sleep apnea, and fatigue; and to receive medications for nonrespiratory conditions ( P Conclusions Rhinitis was common in this large MCO. Patients with rhinitis, especially NAR, had significantly more respiratory and nonrespiratory comorbid conditions than did patients without rhinitis.
Xenon10 and Noble Liquid Dark Matter Detectors

In the field of direct searches for WIMP dark matter, noble liquid detectors have recently proven an increasingly competitive technology. Although less demanding in terms of cryogenics, they are relatively easily scalable to large target masses and can offer good position reconstruction and background rejection power. Here we illustrate the more recent progress of this technology, through the particular example of the Xenon10 experiment.
Divergence/flutter suppression system for a forward swept-wing configuration with wing-mounted stores

The conceptual design of an active control system has been developed for a forward swept wing configuration with stores to prevent the destiffening of the primary wing bending mode with increasing airspeed, thereby suppressing the inherent aeroelastic instability (divergence/body freedom flutter). The architecture includes wing mounted and fuselage-mounted accelerometers to detect relative wing motion and an outboard wing flaperon to control this motion By virtually eliminating the instability, the design enables the aircraft to carry significant wing-mounted stores while retaining the clean wing flight envelope On the Control Configured Vehicle (CCV) configuration studied (26% unstable), the system is a simple add on to the existing flight control system and, based on a preliminary assessment, does not compromise longitudinal flying qualities.
Design and analysis of direct cold drawing of section rods through a single die

Abstract In this paper, a technique for the direct cold drawing of polygon-section rods through a single die is described. A plum-blossom-shape die for the direct cold drawing of hexagon/square-section rods is designed, modified and analyzed to replace a series of converging dies in the traditional section drawing method. It dramatically increases the manufacturing productivity, improves the product quality, and reduces the manufacturing time and cost. The die design, illustrated by three different cases, is analyzed and modified using state-of-the-art process simulation software on a digital computer. An on-site experiment is conducted to verify the die design and manufacturing process control.
Masking and Veiling Protests Culture and Ideology in Representing Globalization

This article argues that certain representations of protests ideologically aid the hegemonic project of globalization. Using Merquior's distinction between ideology as mask and veil, it considers, first, the question of how consent to globalization's power is produced even within non-benefiting groups, and next, the related question of how and why some intellectuals produce ideological representations. It answers the first question by discussing the typical frameworks that represent protests against globalization as irrational, immoral, unnecessary, or non-existent, thus masking power and sectional interests. It answers the second through an examination of John Tomlinson's argument against `cultural imperialism' and claims for `cultural loss' as the real meaning of protests, and argues that the concept of `culture' operates in his arguments in a peculiar way to veil protests. Finally, this article makes a claim for the continued relevance of the term `cultural imperialism' to account for particular protes...
The endometrium of the monkey and estrone-progesterone balance†

To test the action of small amounts of estrone given concurrently with progesterone experiments with spayed monkeys were done. The monkeys were permitted to bleed and then treated with the usual 10 days of estrone. At the end of the induced proliferative phase estrone was reduced in quantity. In experiments designed to imitate a true menstrual cycle as the estrone dosage was reduced progestational dose was started low and then increased. To vary the ratio of estrin to progestin certain definite pathological conditions were induced. The results show that concurrent administration in the monkey of estrone and progesterone in the latter part of an experimental endometrial cycle produces a more typical progestational change than progestin alone. This finding together with known clinical facts suggests that estrone continues to act on the endometrium during the phase of the corpus luteum. In the authors experience a typical benign hyperplasia of the monkey endometrium has not been produced with estrone alone. Changes with certain similarities to human pathological conditions have been caused by concurrent administration of both estrone and progesterone. Histological evidence also shows that glycogen storage in the gland cells and stroma of the endometrium is greater in hyperestrinized monkeys than in those treated with progesterone alone for short periods.
APPLICABILITY OF RAPID METHODS FOR DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN POULTRY FEEDS: A REVIEW

The rapid detection of pathogenic microbial species in feed is of paramount importance considering its implications for animal production and food safety. More sensitive and rapid detection of contaminated feedstuffs may lead to more selective and therefore less expensive treatment of feeds, reduced rates of transmission to a poultry host and reduced carcass contamination. In order to interrupt the cycle of Salmonella spp. transmission from feed to poultry to the consumer, more rapid detection methods to monitor these sources are needed that provide conclusive results within the time frame of feed mixing or broiler processing. Within the last decade, new variations of selective media have been investigated to increase selectivity without reducing Salmonella spp. recovery. Immunological assay methods may also decrease assay time from 96 h to within 24–30 h. But all commercially available methods still require 16 to 57 h for preenrichment, enrichment, and in some cases, postenrichment to recover sublethally injured cells before the assay can be performed. Among the molecular methods that are currently available, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) represents a tremendous potential for the detection of low levels of pathogenic bacteria. Once optimized, rapid methods may be used to quickly, reliably and inexpensively screen a variety of feedstuffs and feed components for the presence of Salmonella spp., with the goal of minimizing both the cost of feed treatment and the horizontal transmission of Salmonella spp. from feed to poultry.
The relationship between crack propagation rates and wear rates

Abstract In order to check qualitatively the validity of the analysis of crack propagation in delamination wear, wear experiments were performed with 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 aluminum alloys. The former alloy has a higher hardness (by 25%) and a faster crack propagation rate (3–10 times) in normal fatigue tests than the latter. The preliminary test results show that the wear rate of 7075-T6 aluminum is also greater than that for 2024-T3 aluminum, indicating that the wear rate correlates with the crack propagation rate.
Determination of rhodanase activity with cyanide ion-selective electrodes under flow-stream conditions

Abstract An electrochemical assay procedure for rhodanase, which uses cyanide-selective electrodes that monitor the decrease in cyanide concentration, provides a sensitive and accurate method of analysis which compares favorably with spectro-photometric procedures. The method requires less sample preparation and is easily adapted to automated systems.
Pelvic inflammatory disease

Abstract PID or salpingitis constitutes one of the most serious soft tissue infections that women, especially adolescents, encounter. In all hospitalized cases of PID, laparoscopy should be considered to verify the diagnosis, to determine the stage of disease, and to obtain adequate specimens for the isolation and identification of pathogens. The microbiologist must have a close working relationship with the clinician to ensure that appropriate media are available for the recovery of all potential pathogens. The accurate identification of isolates and appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility tests can help the physician to make specific choices concerning antimicrobial therapy that will limit destruction of the patient's tubal epithelium. By stopping tubal destruction in the early phase of the disease, the serious sequelae of PID may be avoided.
A high-throughput and quantitative method to assess the mutagenic potential of translesion DNA synthesis

Cellular genomes are constantly damaged by endogenous and exogenous agents that covalently and structurally modify DNA to produce DNA lesions. Although most lesions are mended by various DNA repair pathways in vivo, a significant number of damage sites persist during genomic replication. Our understanding of the mutagenic outcomes derived from these unrepaired DNA lesions has been hindered by the low throughput of existing sequencing methods. Therefore, we have developed a cost-effective high-throughput short oligonucleotide sequencing assay that uses next-generation DNA sequencing technology for the assessment of the mutagenic profiles of translesion DNA synthesis catalyzed by any error-prone DNA polymerase. The vast amount of sequencing data produced were aligned and quantified by using our novel software. As an example, the high-throughput short oligonucleotide sequencing assay was used to analyze the types and frequencies of mutations upstream, downstream and at a site-specifically placed cis–syn thymidine–thymidine dimer generated individually by three lesion-bypass human Y-family DNA polymerases.
Shrinking thermokarst ponds and groundwater dynamics in discontinuous permafrost near council, Alaska

The purpose of this study was to characterize the geomorphological processes controlling the dynamics of ponds and to identify and characterize groundwater infiltration and surface water dynamics for a tundra terrain located in discontinuous permafrost near Council, Alaska. Thermokarst processes and permafrost degradation were studied, focusing upon the interaction between surface and groundwater systems via an open talik. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were used for classification of terrain units and surface water properties, while historical aerial photographs and satellite images (IKONOS) were used for assessment of pond shrinking and recent thermokarst progression. Geophysical surveys (ground penetrating radar and DC resistivity) were conducted to detect permafrost thickness and talik formations. Temperature boreholes and hydrological observation wells were monitored throughout the year and provided ground truth for validation of remotely-sensed data and geophysical surveys. Field and laboratory analyses enabled quantitative determination of subsurface hydrologic and thermal properties. We found many areas where alluvium deposits and ice-wedge polygonal terrain had developed thermokarst features within the last 20 years. Thermokarst ponds located over ice-wedge terrain have decreased in surface area since at least the early 20th Century. Small thermokarst features initially developed into tundra ponds perched over permafrost in response to some local disturbance to the surface. These thermokarst ponds grew larger and initiated large taliks that completely penetrated the permafrost. These taliks allowed internal drainage throughout the year causing the ponds to shrink under recent climatic conditions. Shrinking pond surface areas may become a common feature in the discontinuous permafrost regions as a consequence of warming climate and thawing permafrost. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skeletal Muscle Architecture and Fiber-Type Distribution with the Multiple Bellies of the Mouse Extensor digitorum longus Muscle

The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which architectural and fiber-type characteristics of the four bellies of the mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) suggest specialization of the digits, and to mathematically model the functional effects of the structural properties. Six mice were perfused in situ with glutaraldehyde while the lower limb was positioned approximately in the neutral position. After perfusion, lower limbs were removed and placed in glutaraldehyde until the EDL was dissected from the limb and separated into individual muscle bellies corresponding to each digit for architectural determination. The results showed that the muscle belly of digit 5 tended to be different from the muscle bellies of digits 2-4 for many architectural characteristics. Muscle mass, physiological cross-sectional area, muscle length, and fiber length were all significantly greater in digit 5. Proximal tendon length was also significantly longer in digit 5, and distal tendon length, as well as total tendon length, were significantly shorter in digit 5. Sarcomere length was shortest at the proximal end of the muscle and longest, 60-80%, toward the distal end. Fiber type distribution was about 60% FOG, 39% FG with only 1% SO fibers in all muscle bellies. Muscle-tendon modeling illustrated that peak force and maximal shortening velocity were greatest in digit 5. Inclusion of the tendon in the model resulted in a 10% shift of the force-length curve to longer lengths. Assuming muscle structure is matched to function, we speculate that digit 5 of the mouse EDL bears higher loads over a greater excursion during locomotion compared to the remaining digits.
A competent view of “competence”

Preoccupation with definition and measurement of competence and skill is derived from a social science base. Such concern is an abstraction and not necessarily directed to improvement of pedagogical technology. The enterprise may be useful, but it would be more useful to re‐define the locus of interest in the field of speech communication to techniques of training performance improvement. Under such a redefinition, the process of defining performance and skill would result in a technology for communication skills training directed to personal and vocational needs of individuals rather than development of generalizations about acquisition and development of performance and skill.
Adsorption of Air and Water Vapor on Rock-Salt Surfaces

With a method previously described the adsorption of air on rock-salt surfaces is measured as a function of temperature, and the temperature at which complete outgassing occurs is determined. An estimate of the thickness of the film is given, and also the approximate speed at which it forms. The effect of water vapor on the surface is observed, and it is shown that exposure to water vapor has no permanent effect on the surface as long as the partial pressure of the water vapor is kept below that of a saturated sodium chloride solution at the same temperature. This, however, is true only of cleavage surfaces; polished surfaces are less stable against the action of water vapor.
Foods of the Future: The New Biotechnology and FDA Regulation

ALTHOUGH most of the genetically altered "foods of the future" are similar to the foods we are familiar with, the techniques of the new biotechnology are subtly changing and improving the foods we eat. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) already has paved the way for the arrival of the new food products and processes by announcing on May 29, 1992, its policy on the oversight of new varieties of food plants. 1 But because of the scientific issues involved (eg, allergenicity) as well as consumers' reservations about such products and their general lack of understanding of the FDA's policy, it is important that physicians—a trusted source of health-related advice—be informed on the nuances of the subject. This article attempts to place in a scientific perspective new crop varieties obtained by conventional and new techniques and describes the FDA's approach to their oversight. The History of Genetic Engineering Applied to
Chasing Change: Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance Is So Yesterday!

Change and growth are the bread and butter of rehabilitation research, but to date, most researchers have used less than optimal statistical methods to quantify change, its nature, speed, and form. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) (random/mixed effects or latent growth or multilevel modeling, individual/latent growth curve analysis) generally is superior to analysis of (co)variance and other methods, but has been underused in rehabilitation research. Apropos of the publication of 2 didactic articles setting forth the basics of HLM, this commentary sketches some of the advantages of this technique.
Resection of a duodenal web using single-incision pediatric endosurgery

Single-incision pediatric endosurgery (SIPES) is used in many centers for routine cases such as appendectomies and cholecystectomies, but more complex procedures are still infrequently performed. We report the case of a 9-month-old girl with Down syndrome diagnosed with a duodenal web who underwent duodenal web resection and tapering using a SIPES technique. The procedure was performed through a single 2-cm incision in the umbilicus and took 209 minutes. Postoperatively, the patient was feeding well, gaining weight, and had no appreciable scar at a follow up of 6 months. SIPES duodenal web resection in an infant is a reasonable alternative to conventional triangulated laparoscopy that can be performed safely with good functional and cosmetic postoperative results.
Force of single kinesin molecules measured with optical tweezers

Isometric forces generated by single molecules of the mechanochemical enzyme kinesin were measured with a laser-induced, single-beam optical gradient trap, also known as optical tweezers. For the microspheres used in this study, the optical tweezers was spring-like for a radius of 100 nanometers and had a maximum force region at a radius of approximately 150 nanometers. With the use of biotinylated microtubules and special streptavidin-coated latex microspheres as handles, microtubule translocation by single squid kinesin molecules was reversibly stalled. The stalled microtubules escaped optical trapping forces of 1.9 +/- 0.4 piconewtons. The ability to measure force parameters of single macromolecules now allows direct testing of molecular models for contractility.
The robustness of learning through overhearing

Two studies examined the robustness of vocabulary learning through overhearing by testing 48 2-year-olds in contexts in which a potentially distracting activity was present (Studies 1 and 2) and in which the novel word was embedded in a directive rather than a labeling statement (Study 2). The children were equally good at learning a novel object label when there was no distracting activity as when there was. They were also able to learn the word when the object was not explicitly labeled. These findings suggest that young children are keen observers of third-party interactions and that their linguistic input consists of more than just speech directly addressed to them.
The mechanical behavior of a Nicalon/SiC composite at room temperature and 1000°C

The effects of fabric orientation on the mechanical behavior of a Nicalon/SiC composite were investigated by performing flexure tests at room temperature in air, and at 1000°C in an argon environment. The specimen configurations were designated as edge-on and transverse, depending on whether the load was applied parallel or normal to the fabric plies, respectively. The monotonic and fatigue behavior of the material was not noticeably affected by fabric orientation, at both room and elevated temperatures. The interlaminar pores in the material appeared to have acted as stress concentration sites. The cracks initiated from these sites linked up the interlaminar pores, resulting in specimen severance under monotonic and fatigue loadings, in both edge-on and transverse orientations.
A MULTI-FACETED ANALYSIS OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESENCE IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY TEXTBOOKS PUBLISHED BETWEEN 1997 AND 2000

ABSTRACT This paper presents findings from an ongoing study of the integration of African American perspectives into criminology and criminal justice courses. Content analysis is used to examine the African American presence in the leading juvenile delinquency textbooks published between 1997 and 2000. We examine the inclusion of African American scholarship, the portrayal of African Americans, and interpretations of African American youth involvement in delinquency. While some African American scholarship was present in all the texts, many of the contributions of criminologists were excluded. In most texts, portrayals of African Americans were more negative than positive. In some of the texts a wide variety of explanations were presented in discussions of African American delinquency. The authors conclude that, in the future, authors of juvenile delinquency textbooks should consider more closely the depictions of African American youth in their texts and augment the inclusion of African American perspect...
Rapid turnover of actin in dendritic spines and its regulation by activity

Dendritic spines are motile structures that contain high concentrations of filamentous actin. Using hippocampal neurons expressing fluorescent actin and the method of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we found that 85 ± 2% of actin in the spine was dynamic, with a turnover time of 44.2 ± 4.0 s. The rapid turnover is not compatible with current models invoking a large population of stable filaments and static coupling of filaments to postsynaptic components. Low-frequency stimulation known to induce long-term depression in these neurons stabilized nearly half the dynamic actin in the spine. This effect depended on the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the influx of calcium. In neurons from mice lacking gelsolin, a calcium-dependent actin-binding protein, activity-dependent stabilization of actin was impaired. Our studies provide new information on the kinetics of actin turnover in spines, its regulation by neural activity and the mechanisms involved in this regulation.
Spontaneous Growth in Patients with Noonan Syndrome

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a syndrome with great phenotypical resemblance to Turner yndrome (TS). However, there are significant differences between the two disorders. Amongst others cardiac abnormalities in NS usually affect the right side, moderate mental retardation is freuent and hypogonadism commonly affects boys. In NS both genders are affected in equal frequency (total incidence approx. 1: 1, 000). Autosomal dominant inheritance occurs in approx. 20 %, but the molecular genetic basis is obscure. There is a disease-specific growth pattern in NS: size at birth is normal, mean height follows approximately the 5th centile of normal children, pubertal growth spurt is delayed and diminished. The pathogenesis of the growth disorder is unknown. Disease-specific growth standards are presented which are useful when evaluating the response to growth-promoting treatment.
Conformational studies on the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing factor and related compounds by 1-H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Proton magnetic resonance studies at 220 MHz were carried out on the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) and a variety of synthetic analogs designed to yield specific information about side chain–side chain and side chain–backbone interactions. The results show that the very low field resonance position of one of the carboxamide protons observed for TRF dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide is neither caused by a seven-membered nor by a ten-membered hydrogen bonded ring, but rather is due to a short range interaction between the unprotonated histidyl side chain and the carboxamide residue. A systematic study of the preferred histidyl side chain conformation in various TRF analogs is in good agreement with this interpretation. It was demonstrated that this interaction is not strong enough to cause significant changes in the preferred back bone conformation of the hormone. The possibilities for typical dipole–dipole interaction are discussed. No such interaction has been detected in TRF dissolved in water. We conclude that the tertiary structure of TRF in polar solvents is determined primarily by the steric characteristics of the bulky side chains which maintain the molecule preferentially in an extended conformation.
Reducing injury during video-assisted endotracheal intubation: the "smart stylet" concept.

Objectives: Video-assisted endoscopic intubation (VAEI) has gained wide use in anesthesiology when difficult intubation is encountered. Even when excellent visualization of the larynx is achieved with VAEI, successful intubation can be difficult and/or traumatic due to awkward angles and rigid stylets. Presented is a modification of standard VAEI procedure that allows for minimization of intubation trauma. Methods: Technical description of VAEI with “smart stylet” for laryngeal surgical patients. Results: For difficult intubations, a GlideScope™, a type of VAEI, is used in combination with a flexible bronchoscope acting as a “smart” stylet. The bronchoscope is not used for its light or fiberoptic capacity, but rather as a manipulatable stylet for the endotracheal tube. The technical description of this technique is presented with illustrative images and online video content. Conclusions: The “smart stylet” concept allows for successful and safe endotracheal intubation when used with the Glidescope™.
V: Problems of Perception in Extreme Situations

Perception is that complex process whereby we transform the code of our nervous impulses into the world as we know it; the world of space, objects, sounds, colors, people and of dangers and disasters. Each of us acts in terms of the world he thus creates. Consequently, knowledge of the perceptual process should be useful in our effort to understand human behavior in disaster.
Surface-Enhanced Electronic Raman Scattering from Self-Assembled Alkanethiol Monolayers on Gold Surfaces

A preliminary model is presented that describes the observed surface-enhanced electronic Raman scattering spectrum of self-assembled n-alkanethiol monolayers on roughened Au surfaces. At room temperature, a series of intense resonance Raman spectral lines, superimposed on the normal surface-enhanced Raman vibrational spectrum, are produced when monolayers of CH3(CH2)mSH (m = 8 to 17) are illuminated with laser radiation between 630 and 740 nm. We describe the effects of isotopic substitution, and of varying both the alkane chain length and the temperature of the monolayer films.
Application of quasidegenerate many‐body perturbation theory to the calculation of molecular excited valence state negative ion Feshbach resonances

Quasidegenerate many‐body perturbation theory (QDMBPT) is shown to generate a good method for representing the abstract Feshbach projectors, required in the evaluation of the energies of negative ion resonances, provided the valence space is sufficiently large to produce a good zeroth order description of these valence state resonances. Our recent advances in extending third order QDMBPT to large valence spaces are utilized to calculate potential curves and spectroscopic constants for the lowest four excited states of CH− and the vertical electron affinities to excited states of NH− and OH−. The experimentally assigned a 1Δ excited state of CH− is confirmed by the calculations, and a few more bound resonant molecular states are predicted. A simple one electron molecular orbital model is extracted from the large scale calculations to describe the zeroth order electronic structure of the excited states of CH−, NH−, and OH−.
Parietal cell vagotomy performed with fundoplication for esophageal reflux

Background Reduction of acid secretion is an important aspect of medical treatment of reflux esophagitis. Truncal vagotomy and drainage procedures used in conjunction with antireflux procedures to reduce acid secretion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux were unsatisfactory. This study reviews the results of parietal cell vagotomy used in conjunction with a 360-degree fundoplication to determine if reduction of acid by this form of vagotomy was beneficial to patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Methods Between March 1973 and May 1993, 94 private and 64 Veterans Administration patients underwent parietal cell vagotomy and Nissen type fundoplication for esophageal reflux. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), gastric analysis, cine-esophagogram, and 24-hour esophageal pH and motility studies were performed preoperatively on VA patients. Private patients underwent EGD, cine-esophagogram, and sometimes pH and motility studies. Similar studies were performed postoperatively if the patient permitted. The major technical alteration made during the study was the addition of posterior gastropexy to the operations performed between March 1978 and January 1987. Patients were considered failures if dysphagia and reflux symptoms were moderate but operation not contemplated (Visick III) or symptoms were severe and reoperation had been performed or was contemplated (Visick IV). Results There were no operative deaths. There were 25 operative failures; dysphagia contributed to failure in 4, reflux in 11, and dysphagia and reflux in 10 patients. Reoperation was required in 6 patients. There was no statistical difference in acid secretion inhibition for patients with or without postoperative reflux symptoms. The cumulative probability for operative failure was 9.3 ± SE 4.2% for patients who underwent posterior gastropexy and 22.9 ± SE 4.6% ( P Conclusions Parietal cell vagotomy with Nissen fundoplication is a safe operation. The exposure created by PCV protected the vagi from injury. The study design made it impossible to determine whether PCV improved the results of fundoplication but the failure rate was significantly ( P
Late effects in multiple body systems.

HAVING a historical perspective is a seldomdiscussed, but vital, aspect of expert oncology nursing. Anticipating and meeting the needs of cancer survivors demands an understanding of the evolution of therapy for various malignancies, as well as knowledge of the unique history of the individual cancer survivor. The nature and course of cancer have been, and will continue to be, altered by advances in diagnostic techniques, medical treatments, supportive care, and a multidisciplinary team approach. The price for this progress, however, is that the same treatment that enables people to survive may contribute to new health problems. In the history of effective cancer therapy, it was the pediatric malignancies in which the first successes were recorded, and it was among the survivors of childhood cancer that previously unexpected biologic late effects were first documented. ‘-lo Similarly, more long-term problems are likely to arise as survival time for adult malignancies lengthens and newer treatment methods, such as bone marrow transplantation, are used. l1 Psychosocial issues related to cancer survivorship, and the major biologic long-term effects about which a great deal already has been learned are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue. The purpose of this article is to describe a number of miscellaneous long-term consequences of cancer and its treatment in selected organ systems, and to highlight some of the future directions for research, clinical care, and education.
Silicon and Energy

Since man discovered fire there has been an ongoing interest in energy. However, as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, energy, water and food are the most valuable resources for human life and therefore energy is central for technology innovation. Since the turn of the 18th century, there remain tremendous challenges in order to provide sustainable and environmentally responsible energy and material resources for advancing and developing society as a whole. Silicon-based materials, in particular, play a vital role in enabling technologies that can offer promising solutions to achieve renewable and sustainable energy pathways for the future. Herein, we highlight selected articles that are on the forefront to addressing the limited availability, high-cost, and new potential for Si-based materials for emerging energy technologies. These articles include descriptions of the processing of silicon for solar cell applications and batteries which are based on new small molecule silicon systems.
Manganese acquisition and homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface.

Pathogenic bacteria acquire transition metals for cell viability and persistence of infection in competition with host nutritional defenses. The human host employs a variety of mechanisms to stress the invading pathogen with both cytotoxic metal ions and oxidative and nitrosative insults while withholding essential transition metals from the bacterium. For example, the S100 family protein calprotectin (CP) found in neutrophils is a calcium-activated chelator of extracellular Mn and Zn and is found in tissue abscesses at sites of infection by Staphylococcus aureus. In an adaptive response, bacteria have evolved systems to acquire the metals in the face of this competition while effluxing excess or toxic metals to maintain a bioavailability of transition metals that is consistent with a particular inorganic “fingerprint” under the prevailing conditions. This review highlights recent biological, chemical and structural studies focused on manganese (Mn) acquisition and homeostasis and connects this process to oxidative stress resistance and iron (Fe) availability that operates at the human host-pathogen interface.
Soundness of treatment: a survey of psychologists' opinions.

A random sample of 300 psychologists listed in the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology were surveyed about the soundness of forms of mental health treatment and use of these treatments in practice. The 139 psychologists responding expressed greatest confidence in cognitive-behavioral therapy and antipsychotic medications. Approaches most in question as to soundness were primal therapy, neurolinguistic programming, bioenergetics, and aversive therapy. Factor analysis indicated widespread endorsement and use of multiple techniques within two broad camps of research-based "hard-edged" versus clinical wisdom/philosophy-based "soft-edged."
Respecting the Importance of Science and Practice: A Pragmatic View.

Kavale and Forness set out to explain why the LD field lacks integrity. They say Hinshelwood's study of "congenital word-blindness" (p. 258) and Strauss and Werner's research on brain injury (p. 251) represented an important start on building a foundation for a credible profession. But these scientific efforts came to a standstill when parents and practitioners took over, leaving the field in an arrested state of development. Without a fully developed, legitimate construct of learning disabilities, say Kavale and Forness, the field became a partial vacuum into which rushed the illogical and irrational forces of politics-specifically, narrow-minded advocacy, Marxist ideology, and anti-Newtonian philosophy that often conflicted with and undermined the LD field's auspicious beginnings. The most prominent manifestation of politics in the LD field, we're told, is advocacy, which is described by Kavale and Forness as quintessentially liberal in motive. It is captured for the authors in the notion of "entitlements," which may be illustrated by the simple formula: more students produce more dollars for more programs and teachers. Ironically, this point is also made by Wang and Walberg (1988), outspoken critics of special education in general and the LD field in particular. Such thinking, according to Kavale and Forness, has inadvertently subverted the field's integrity in two ways: (a) by failing to support continued funding of the scientific study of LD and (b) by arguing for more service, rather than greater understanding. "Advocacy," write Kavale and Forness, "has changed the parameters of LD to include a new class of student with low intelligence. In doing so, [it] has contorted [LD's] basic character and undermined its scientific integrity" (p. 251). Kavale and Fomess's solution: More money for the scientific understanding of the biophysical mechanisms responsible for LD. Below we take issue with Kavale and Forness's
An MCU based uninterruptible power supply using an MC68F333

Inverting power supplies and high voltage/current switches form the basis for many uninterruptible power supply (UPS) designs. In a very basic sense, a 60 Hz square wave with minimal filtering may suffice in many applications. Not only is power quality a factor but so is the speed at which a UPS can be brought online. As the need for quality power increases and response times to switch in the UPS decrease, more sophisticated controllers for UPSs must be used. Microcontrollers, such as the MC68F333, provide an excellent vehicle to implement intelligent UPS systems. The MCU can provide the intelligence and the peripheral modules to measure and monitor external voltage levels and frequency. From this information intelligent decisions can be made on whether to enable a power conditioning circuit or to completely switch over to a UPS until the main source of power has been restored. Microcontrollers, because of the inherent ability to generate complex, high speed timing signals that can be phase and frequency locked together, makes these devices a natural choice when designing modern UPSs. These MCU-based designs allow for higher PWM switching speeds, better monitoring of the external line voltage and enhanced ability to determine what type of malfunction is occurring when trouble happens. From this information MCU based UPSs can be built to economically provide back-up power when warranted by external conditions.
Disseminating and Implementing Trauma-Focused CBT in Community Settings:

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) for children. TF-CBT is being disseminated and implemented through a variety of strategies, including distance learning/ Internet training, live training + ongoing phone consultation, a learning collaborative model, and mixed models. Each dissemination and implementation model is described, examples are provided of how it has been used to spread the TF-CBT model among community clinicians treating traumatized children, and data regarding its use are presented. Quality and quantity of data from these dissemination/ implementation models varies, but overall they supports the effectiveness of both the TF-CBT model in treating traumatized children and a variety of dissemination and implementation models. More research is needed to learn about optimal strategies for disseminating and implementing EST for traumatized children, and to explore novel methodologies (e.g., including training in EST for traumatized children in graduate programs).
An improved electrophoretic transfer (electroblotting) apparatus

An improved apparatus for the electrophoretic transfer of proteins from gels to immobilising matrices is described. This device overcomes problems common to previous designs such as entrapment of gas bubbles within the gel sandwich during its assembly and from electrolytic gas generation during transfer. The apparatus has some novel features which facilitate its ease of use and enable several gels to be blotted at one time.
Magnitude and Frequency Relations of Bankfull Flows and Bed-Material Entrainment in the Llano River Watershed, Central Texas, USA

Bankfull channel geometry and bed-material entrainment are examined in the Llano River watershed in central Texas, which is characterized by mixed alluvial-bedrock boundaries and a highly variable flow regime. Field data, including cross-section surveys and sediment samples from 17 sites, are coupled with one-dimensional hydraulic models and flood-frequency analyses to compute recurrence intervals of bankfull and entrainment conditions. Recurrence intervals of flows that entrain median-sized bed material (d 50) are consistently less than 1 year, whereas flows that define bankfull morphology range from one to four years (median of 1.75 years). Recurrence intervals of flows responsible for incipient entrainment of relatively coarse bed material (d 84) are typically less than 1.5 years, but complete mobilization of this size fraction occurs less frequently than bankfull flows. At multiple sites, morphologic surfaces defining bankfull stage are discontinuous and set within a macro-channel, which is formed by ...
n-dependence of ballooning instabilities

The critical β for stability against ideal hydromagnetic internal ballooning modes as a function of the toroidal mode number, n, is calculated for two different equilibrium sequences by use of a finite-element technique (n 20), and a WKB formalism (n 5). The agreement between the two methods is good in the overlap region 5 n 20. The WKB formula reduces to the '1/n correction' at very high n, but is much more accurate at moderate n. The critical-β-versus-n curves exhibit oscillatory structure at low n, but in both sequences the lower bound on βc is set by n = ∞ modes at about βc ~ 5%.
REVIEW OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN GERMANIUM.

Abstract The review concentrates on low temperature irradiation and annealing in germanium. Calculations are presented for the charge states to be expected for donor and acceptor centers during irradiation near 10 °K. The calculations are applied to a discussion of the diffusion of an interstitial atom assuming it is mobile in various charge states during irradiation. The current experimental knowledge is reviewed, as are the various defect models that have been advanced to explain the behavior of germanium in recent years. Suggestions are made of certain experiments that might help in making a rational choice between the possible models.
Blood catalase and haematocrit values in a breeding colony of Dutch-belted rabbits.

Summary Rabbit seminal plasma catalase is much higher than in the semen of other mammals, and differences appear to be inherited. Because of the scarcity of information on rabbit blood catalase and haematocrit in Dutch-belted rabbits, an investigation of possible effects of gender, age and genetics on these variables was undertaken. There were 191 rabbits sampled at 2± 3 months, 130 at 12 months and 61 at 18± 24 months of age. There was no age effect on the haematocrit values and on blood catalase activity. At 12 months of age males had an average haematocrit value of 44% compared with 40% for females ( P < 0:05). Corresponding average catalase values were 431 and 356 units/ml of blood ( P < 0:05). Also catalase was measured in the semen and blood of 34 males, and males differed in both their blood and semen catalase activity ( P < 0:05). The correlation between the two traits was r ˆ 0:44. Heritability ( h 2 )estimates, based on 231 rabbits were 0.40 for blood catalase activity, and 0.26 for haematocrit. The genetic correlation between the two variables was 0.83 ( P < 0:05). These studies are consistent with the literature in that female rabbits have a slightly lower haematocrit value than males, and this is associated with a lower catalase activity. This appears to be the ® rst report of a study that compares rabbit blood catalase in males and females of different ages. Preliminary evidence that differences may have a heritable basis is consistent with previous studies on rabbit semen catalase.
Maternal nonstandard work schedules and child cognitive outcomes

This paper examined associations between mothers' work schedules and children's cognitive outcomes in the first 3 years of life for approximately 900 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care. Both the timing and duration of maternal nonstandard work schedules were examined. Although results varied across developmental stages and dimensions of cognitive performance, the effects of mothers working nonstandard schedules tended to be negative, particularly if these schedules began in the 1st year of life, and particularly for measures of cognitive development at 24 months and expressive language at 36 months. Descriptive statistics suggested that these negative effects might be due to the type of child care used. Avenues for future research are discussed.