cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Splenocytes Seed Bone Marrow of Myeloablated Mice: Implication for Atherosclerosis

Extramedullary hematopoiesis has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cardiovascular diseases. In this process, the spleen is seeded with mobilized bone marrow cells that augment its hematopoietic ability. It is unclear whether these immigrant cells that are produced/reprogrammed in spleen are similar or different from those found in the bone marrow. To begin to understand this, we investigated the relative potency of adult splenocytes per se to repopulate bone marrow of lethally-irradiated mice and its functional consequences in atherosclerosis. The splenocytes were harvested from GFP donor mice and transplanted into myeloablated wild type recipient mice without the inclusion of any bone marrow helper cells. We found that adult splenocytes repopulated bone marrow of myeloablated mice and the transplanted cells differentiated into a full repertoire of myeloid cell lineages. The level of monocytes/macrophages in the bone marrow of recipient mice was dependent on the cell origin, i.e., the donor splenocytes gave rise to significantly more monocytes/macrophages than the donor bone marrow cells. This occurred despite a significantly lower number of hematopoietic stem cells being present in the donor splenocytes when compared with donor bone marrow cells. Atherosclerosis studies revealed that donor splenocytes displayed a similar level of atherogenic and atheroprotective activities to those of donor bone marrow cells. Cell culture studies showed that the phenotype of macrophages derived from spleen is different from those of bone marrow. Together, these results demonstrate that splenocytes can seed bone marrow of myeloablated mice and modulate atherosclerosis. In addition, our study shows the potential of splenocytes for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disease.
A real‐time forecast service for the ionospheric equatorial zonal electric field

[1] The zonal electric field is the primary driver of two important features of the equatorial ionosphere: (1)The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), and (2) plasma density irregularities, also known as spread-F. During propagation through the ionosphere, communication and navigation radio signals are attenuated, delayed and scattered by these ionospheric features. Prediction of the zonal electric field is therefore a key to the real-time specification of the ionosphere. We divide the zonal electric field into a climatological contribution plus the prompt-penetration contribution predicted by a transfer-function model applied to the interplanetary electric field measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. The zonal electric field is predicted about one hour in advance, covering all local times and longitudes. The real-time prediction is available as a Google application at http://www.geomag.us/models/PPEFM/RealtimeEF.html. The benefit of this application to space weather forecasting is twofold: As the driver of the equatorial plasma fountain, the predicted zonal electric field is a leading indicator by 2–3 h of the EIA and the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the equatorial ionosphere. Second, rapid uplift of the ionosphere by strong eastward electric field is known to induce spread-F. Prediction of enhanced prompt penetration electric field in the eastward direction therefore enables the forecast of radio communication and navigation outages in the equatorial region.
Tuning molecule-mediated spin coupling in bottom-up-fabricated vanadium-tetracyanoethylene nanostructures

We have fabricated hybrid magnetic complexes from V atoms and tetracyanoethylene ligands via atomic manipulation with a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope. Using tunneling spectroscopy we observe spin-polarized molecular orbitals as well as Kondo behavior. For complexes having two V atoms, the Kondo behavior can be quenched for different molecular arrangements, even as the spin-polarized orbitals remain unchanged. This is explained by variable spin-spin (i.e., V-V) ferromagnetic coupling through a single tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) molecule, as supported by density functional calculations.
It's Not Us, It's You: Why Isn't Research on Minority Workers Appearing in Our “Top‐Tier” Journals?

Ruggs et al. (2013) argued that industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists have “gone fishing” insofar as we (as a field) have neglected conducting research on minority groups in the workplace. They offer interesting and insightful suggestions for researching the seven groups named in their paper. We believe that many of these ideas can be extended to other minority groups as well. It is our sincere hope that the focal article will attract the attention of both new and established researchers interested in studying minority group members' experiences in the workplace. We also hope that the article will validate and motivate researchers who already study these issues and confirm the importance of including minority perspectives in the I–O literature.
Activation of herpes simplex virus 1 γ2 genes by viral DNA replication

The expression of gamma 2 or true gamma genes resident in the herpes simplex virus 1 genome requires functional products of genes expressed earlier in infection and viral DNA synthesis. To determine whether the requirement for viral DNA synthesis for the expression of gamma 2 genes reflects a trans-acting function of a product of one or a few genes made or activated during viral DNA synthesis or whether it reflects a cis effect of DNA synthesis at specific sites, 143 thymidine kinase (TK) minus cells were sequentially infected with a virus carrying a 700-bp deletion of the TK gene and 6 hr later with wild-type or recombinant viruses carrying an alpha-TK or a gamma 2-TK gene in either the presence or absence of viral DNA synthesis. These experiments indicated that the gamma 2-TK gene contained in an unreplicated viral genome was not expressed by trans-acting factors specified before and during DNA synthesis by the first infecting virus, and, therefore, the induction of gamma 2 genes appears to be mediated by a cis-acting function associated with viral DNA synthesis.
SPECT image system optimization using ideal observer for detection and localization

We consider the problem of optimizing collimator characteristics for a simple emission tomographic imaging system. We use the performance of two different ideal observers to carry out the optimization. The first ideal observer applies to signal detection when signal location is unknown and background is variable, and the second ideal observer (one proposed previously by our group) to the more realistic task of signal detection and localization with signal location unknown and background variable. The two observers operate on sinogram data to deliver scalar figures of merit AROC and ALROC, respectively. We considered three different collimators that span a range of efficiency-resolution tradeoffs. Our central question is this: For optimizing the collimator in an emission tomographic system, does adding a localization requirement to a detection task yield an efficiency-resolution tradeoff that differs from that for the detection-only task? Our simulations with a simple SPECT imaging system show that as the localization requirement becomes more stringent, the optimal collimator shifts from a low-resolution, high efficiency version toward higher resolution, lower efficiency version. We had previously observed such behavior for a planar pinhole imaging system. In our simulations, we used a simplified model of tomographic imaging and a simple model for object background variability. This allowed us to avoid the severe computational complexity associated with ideal-observer performance calculations. Thus the more realistic task (i.e. localization included) resulted for this case in a different optimal collimator.
The Importance of Spirituality Among Gay and Lesbian Individuals

Religion is a conduit for expressing spirituality. Since most mainstream religions condemn any form of homosexuality one would expect that gay men and lesbians would have little to do with spirituality. Experts, however, believe that gay and lesbian individuals would especially benefit from spiritual nourishment because of the oppression they face. Using an instrument that measures spiritual well-being, this study investigated the spirituality of 93 gay and lesbian individuals. The findings revealed that respondents espoused high levels of spiritual well-being: how one relates to God (religious well-being) and how one feels about life (existential well-being). Those who identified with a formal religion and who attended religious services frequently espoused higher religious well-being. Respondents with a diagnosis of depression, on the other hand, espoused lower existential well-being. Multiple regression analyses revealed that existential well-being was a significant predictor of adjustment: having high self-esteem, accepting one's homosexual orientation, and feeling less alienated. In contrast, religious well-being was not a significant predictor of any measure of adjustment. These findings point to the importance of the existential aspect of spirituality among gay and lesbian individuals in determining adjustment. They also suggest that being well-adjusted does not entail being reconciled with a traditional religion or with a theistic belief.
Response of the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego

A standardized laboratory bioassay was used to quantify the lethal and sub-lethal responses of larval and adult cottonwood leaf beetles, Chrysomela scripta F., to Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego, formulated as M-One standard powder (Mycogen Corporation, San Diego). The median lethal concentration (LC50) for second instars, after a 96-h exposure to B. thuringiensis var. san diego, was 21,000 Colorado potato beetle international units per milliliter water. The LC50 estimates for the third instars and adults were 20 and 40 times higher than for second instars, respectively. Larval LC, 50 estimates were halved when mortality for the entire larval period was included in the LC, 50 estimate. Adult mortality continued for approximately 14 d after initial exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego. The adult LC50 calculated at 14 d was half the 4-d estimate. Age of adults at treatment did not significantly affect the LC50. Median lethal times (LT50) were similar for larvae and adults, with overlapping confidence limits ranging from 2.1 to 3.5 d. Larvae surviving treatments as second and third instars showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in adult dry weight at eclosion and an increase in the larval developmental period.
Muon Decay with Parity Nonconserving Interactions and Radiative Corrections in the Two-Component Theory

The decay of a polarized muon is studied in the case of the general four-component neutrino theory with the most general parity-nonconserving interaction. A three-parameter formula for the decay-electron distribution is obtained as a generalization of the Michel formula for an unpolarized muon. This general formula is examined to determine to what extent the observed spectrum enables one to decide whether any particular theory is correct or not. It is seen, among other things, that by the observation of the muon decay spectrum alone one cannot test the validity of the two-component neutrino theory. To facilitate a possible accurate experimental test of the two-component neutrino theory, the radiative correction for the decay of a polarized muon is worked out to the lowest order in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. Although the correction is rather complicated, it can still be expressed approximately by the three-parameter formula mentioned above. It is found, in particular, that the corrected Michel parameter for the two-component theory is ${0.70}_{6}$ when a neutrino and an antineutrino are emitted in the final state, which is 6% smaller than the value 0.75 predicted by the simple theory.
Simultaneous testing of multiple hypotheses using generalized p-values

Abstract In the context of simultaneously testing many hypotheses, Benjamini and Hochberg [1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B (Methodological) 57, 289–300] propose a procedure that guarantees that the false discovery rate ( FDR ) will be less than or equal to a specified value. Here, the FDR is the expected value of the ratio of the number of incorrectly rejected hypotheses and the total number of rejected hypotheses. To our knowledge, all of the existing research assumes that a usual p -value is available for each hypothesis. However, in circumstances when nuisance parameters are present, the usual p -values may not be free of the nuisance parameters. We develop a simultaneous testing procedure to control the FDR for the problem of simultaneously testing many Behrens–Fisher problems. Our multiple testing procedure, based on generalized p -values [Tsui, K.-W., Weerahandi, S., 1989. Generalized p -values in significance testing of hypotheses in the presence of nuisance parameters. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 84(406), 602–607], is then illustrated with an application to data from a microarray experiment.
Plant regeneration from leaf protoplasts of six tomato cultivars

Abstract Leaf protoplasts were isolated from 3–4-week-old tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings of eight cultivars grown in a controlled environment chamber. Modification of medium 8E for tomato protoplast culture, frequent removal of used medium and addition of fresh medium, decreasing the volume of culture medium by half, and transferring of 8–10-week-old protoplast-derived calluses to filter paper laid on agar medium permitted routine production of viable, large size (0.5 cm) calluses capable of shoot regeneration. Shoot regeneration ranged from 1–22% from protoplast-derived calluses of six tomato cultivars. Regenerated shoots of all six cultivars were easily rooted, transferred to soil-less planting medium and grown to flowering in the greenhouse.
High performance RDMA-based MPI implementation over InfiniBand

Although InfiniBand Architecture is relatively new in the high performance computing area, it offers many features which help us to improve the performance of communication subsystems. One of these features is Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operations. In this paper, we propose a new design of MPI over InfiniBand which brings the benefit of RDMA to not only large messages, but also small and control messages. We also achieve better scalability by exploiting application communication pattern and combining send/receive operations with RDMA operations. Our RDMA-based MPI implementation currently delivers a latency of 6.8 microseconds for small messages and a peak bandwidth of 871 Million Bytes (831 Mega Bytes) per second. Performance evaluation at the MPI level shows that for small messages, our RDMA-based design can reduce the latency by 24%, increase the bandwidth by over 104%, and reduce the host overhead by up to 22%. For large messages, we improve performance by reducing the time for transferring control messages. We have also shown that our new design is beneficial to MPI collective communication and NAS Parallel Benchmarks.
Effect of hemoglobin on ferricyanide-dependent assays

Abstract Aged solutions of ferricyanide have been shown to interfere with the spectrophotometric assay of enzyme preparations containing hemoglobin by virtue of the presence of cyanide ion. The use of 412 mμ is recommended.
What matters to patients and physicians when considering biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Patients and rheumatologists have a number of options to consider for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including biologic response modifier (BRM) therapy and disease- modifyi...
The safety of early postpartum discharge: a review and critique.

Objective To determine the effect of early postpartum discharge (less than 48 hours after vaginal birth or 96 hours after cesarean delivery) on maternal and neonatal complications, maternal concerns, patient satisfaction, and cost savings. Data Sources We performed a MEDLINE search of English-language journals for pertinent articles published from 1966 through January 1997. We also reviewed reference lists in all the articles retrieved in the search as well as those of major obstetric texts. Methods of Study Selection We included all studies describing early postpartum discharge. Tabulation, Integration, and Results Studies included five randomized controlled trials, ten cohort studies, one casecontrol study, and 12 case-series reports. We classified the data using the rating system of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. We calculated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for maternal and neonatal readmission and outpatient treatment after early postpartum discharge. Most studies did not show an increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity after early discharge. The five randomized controlled studies did not meet criteria for properly designed trials. Most evidence consists of cohort studies and case-series (class II-2 and III evidence) of highly selected patients with extensive supplemental antepartum and postpartum care and education. Conclusion The current data do not support or condemn widespread use of early postpartum discharge in the general population (class C recommendation). Early postpartum discharge appears safe for carefully selected, consenting patients. Whether these data can be extrapolated to the general population of pregnant women remains unknown.
High-speed fiber optic link by external modulation of mode-locked lasers

A 1.3-micron wavelength optical transmitter system with a 2-GHz bandwidth centered at 20 GHz has been implemented by actively mode-locking a semiconductor laser diode and then modulating the signal externally. The performance of a link using this transmitter over a 2-km fiber is evaluated. A hybrid package is developed for a mode-locked laser submodule operating at 15 GHz.
Management of Mental Illness in Patients with Diabetes

Patients who have diabetes commonly have mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. These disorders may have multiple biologic underpinnings. Without treatment, care becomes complicated and outcomes are poor. Early diagnosis and biopsychosocial treatment that integrates medical and psychiatric interventions is highly desirable. Medications have a major role in treatment, although caution must be exercised because of potential side effects. Psychiatric consultation or management may be required for urgent or severe cases. An appreciation of culture, both ethnic and beyond, is a foundation for enhancing physician–patient relations and developing realistic expectations for treatment.
Optic Coherence Tomography of Optic Disk Pit Maculopathy

Purpose To define the structure of optic disk pit maculopathy. Methods A patient was examined with optic coherence tomography before and after an intravitreal gas tamponade. Results Before intravitreal gas injection, optic coherence tomography defined a separation between the inner and outer layers of the retina that connected with the optic disk pit. An outer retinal layer detachment that centered on the fovea was also present. After pneumatic displacement of the intraretinal and subretinal fluid, optic coherence tomography disclosed that the two layers were opposed and in contact with the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusions Optic coherence tomography confirmed the two-layer structure of optic disk pit maculopathy and demonstrated the positive effect of pneumatic displacement.
Fear of Criticism and Rejection Mediates an Association Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Adult Onset of Major Depression

The current study examines whether a particular negative cognitive style, Fear of Criticism and Rejection, a subscale of Sociotropy, mediates an association between perceived childhood emotional abuse and adult onset of major depression. The study was motivated by Rose and Abramson's theory that childhood emotional abuse may be particularly relevant to the development of adult cognitive risk for depression. The case–control sample used in the study (N = 50) was drawn from a larger case–control study examining adult cognitive styles and major depression. Childhood emotional abuse was assessed from retrospective reports using a structured interview. Consistent with expectations, Fear of Criticism and Rejection mediated an association between perceived childhood emotional abuse and major depression in adulthood.
Korean development and urbanization: Prospects and problems

Abstract Korea has coped extremely well with an urban growth that has been among the fastest in the world during the last quarter century. In this paper, we discuss four urban issues that the Korean government must face during the remainder of this century. First we address the limitation on urban land supply imposed by greenbelts surrounding Seoul and other Korean cities. We estimate the reduction in Seoul housing costs that would result from relaxation of Seoul's greenbelt. Second, we estimate the effect on housing user cost that has resulted from the failure of the Korean government to provide for institutions that make loans with housing as collateral. Third, we discuss urban transportation issues. Fourth, we discuss issues related to urban public infrastructure and local government finances.
HERG1 channel agonists and cardiac arrhythmia

Type 1 human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG1) potassium channels are a key determinant of normal repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Loss of function mutations in hERG1 channels cause inherited long QT syndrome and increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. Many common medications that block hERG1 channels as an unintended side effect also increase arrhythmic risk. Routine preclinical screening for hERG1 block led to the discovery of agonists that shorten action potential duration and QT interval. Agonists have the potential to be used as pharmacotherapy for long QT syndrome, but can also be proarrhythmic. Recent studies have elucidated multiple mechanisms of action for these compounds and the structural basis for their binding to the pore domain of the hERG1 channel.
The CubeSat Heliospheric Imaging Experiment (CHIME)

We describe a CubeSat mission to predict and diagnose space weather events at Earth by tracking the interplanetary disturbances that cause those effects. Our demonstration mission, the CubeSat Heliospheric Imaging Experiment (CHIME), is a wide-field sky camera that can image large, tenuous clouds of material as they cross the inner solar system en-route to Earth. These clouds, known as interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), are produced by magnetic activity at the Sun, and consist of billions of tons of magnetized plasma that streak across the solar system at incredibly high velocities, upwards of 8 million km/hour. Impact of ICMEs on the Earth's magnetosphere cause geomagnetic storms at earth, a type of space weather event. Major space weather events cause magnetic storms, aurora, ionospheric radio interference, and intermittent satellite radiation exposure. ICME tracking requires modest resolution and data rates, and is well suited to the CubeSat platform. CHIME will enable ongoing developmental space weather prediction, demonstrate the heliospheric imaging concept on the Cube- Sat platform, and advance the state of CubeSat readiness for many applications. Further, CHIME is a stepping stone to an agile, operational space weather imaging system, using moderate numbers of extremely inexpensive, redundant spacecraft to achieve robust operational reliability from commercial grade parts.
Transition from viscous to elastic-based dependency of mechanical properties of self-assembled type I collagen fibers

Fibrous collagen networks are the major elements that provide mechanical integrity to tissues; they are composed of fiber forming collagens in combination with proteoglycans and elastic fibers. Using uniaxial incremental tensile stress–strain tests we have studied the viscoelastic mechanical properties of self-assembled collagen fibers formed at pHs between 5.5 and 8.5 and temperatures of 25 and 37°C. Fibers formed at pH 7.5 and 37°C and crosslinked by aging at 22°C and 1 atmosphere pressure were also tested. Analysis of the mechanical tests showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and slopes of the total, elastic and viscous stress–strain curves were related directly to the volume fraction of polymer. Further analysis suggested that the UTS, and slopes of the total, elastic, and viscous stress–strain curves showed the highest correlation coefficient with the calculated effective fibril length and axial ratio. The mechanical data suggested that at low levels of crosslinking the mechanical properties were dominated by the viscous sliding of collagen molecules and fibrils by each other, which appears to be dependent on the collagen fibril length and axial ratio, while at higher levels of crosslinking the mechanical behavior is dominated by elastic stretching of the nonhelical ends, crosslinks, and collagen triple helix. The latter behavior appears to be dependent on the presence of crosslinks that stabilize fibrillar units. These results lead to the hypothesis that early in development viscous sliding of fibrils plays an important role in the mechanical response of animal tissues to forces experienced in utero, while later in development when locomotion is required, mechanical stability is primarily a result of elastic deformation of the different parts of the collagen molecule within crosslinked fibrils. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 134–142, 2001
The Deukalion and Pyrrha Myth in Paul Celan and Christoph Ransmayr

This article examines the rewriting of Ovid's version of the Deukalion and Pyrrha myth by Paul Celan and Christoph Ransmayr. The myth relates how Jupiter destroys the world by deluge and how Deukalion and Pyrrha repopulate the earth. This myth of destruction and renewal finds resonance in the poetry of Celan and the novel Die letzte Welt by Ransmayr, one at the start of the literature of the post-war years, the other closing the second half of the century. In the case of Celan, this article highlights a connection to the classical tradition little noticed in the critical literature. In turn, it also helps lift a corner of the veil on some of his enigmatic poetry. Ransmayr's version of the myth is embedded in his rewriting of Ovid's Metamorphoses. The analysis of that version also elucidates the sparse reference to the Holocaust in the novel. There are similar metaphoric responses to the myth in both contemporary writers. Furthermore, the critical response to both writers reflects the tumultuous relationship of German-language literature and history since 1945.
Perspectives on Human Aggression: Writing to Einstein and Freud on “Why War?”:

A letter writing exercise o n the nature of human aggression is described. Students read the 1932 "Why War?" correspondence between Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud (1 9321 1964) and then composed letters responding to it. Variations of the exercise are presented.
Short-Term Memory Depends on Dissociable Medial Temporal Lobe Regions in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Short-term memory (STM) has generally been thought to be independent of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in contrast to long-term memory (LTM). Prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition in which the MTL is a major early focus of pathology and LTM is thought disproportionately affected relative to STM. However, recent studies have suggested a role for the MTL in STM, particularly hippocampus, when binding of different elements is required. Other work has suggested involvement of extrahippocampal MTL structures, particularly in STM tasks that involve item-level memory. We examined STM for individual objects, locations, and object-location conjunctions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often associated with prodromal AD. Relative to age-matched, cognitively normal controls, MCI patients not only displayed impairment on object-location conjunctions but were similarly impaired for non-bound objects and locations. Moreover, across all participants, these conditions displayed dissociable correlations of cortical thinning along the long axis of the MTL and associated cortical nodes of anterior and posterior MTL networks. These findings support the role of the MTL in visual STM tasks and the division of labor of MTL in support of different types of memory representations, overlapping with findings in LTM.
Dynamic illustrative graphics for simulations

Abstract In any graphics application, the environment created by the system designer is of utmost importance. A variety of good input devices, effective real time displays, ease of interaction with graphical elements and with system instructions can all contribute to a friendly environment. A graphics system designed for simulations with a facility for adding both abstract dynamic graphics and user control is enhanced by the addition of features uncommon to other graphics systems. These features, and their values and the ways in which they contrast with more traditional graphics systems, will be described.
Between the Atlantic and the Empire: NATO as a framework for Portuguese–American relations in early Cold War (1949–1957)

In April 1949, Portugal, an undemocratic and underdeveloped small country of Western Europe, became one of the 12 founding members of the Atlantic Alliance. The important geopolitical position of the Portuguese Atlantic islands was the main justification for the admission of this authoritarian regime in the Western Alliance. From this moment on, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) served as a framework for the bilateral relationship between Portugal and the USA. The US interests were fully achieved after the Azores agreement of 1951, since it authorised Washington to use an airbase in the archipelago during peacetime. However, for Lisbon, NATO did not safeguard one of its most important objectives: the maintenance of its colonial empire. As the 1950s evolved, US presence in the Azores and Lisbon's resistance to decolonisation became increasingly interdependent. Portugal quickly understood that the Azores could be a trump card to obtain political leverage from the USA regarding Lisbon's colonial poli...
Mexican American Fathers' Occupational Conditions: Links to Family Members' Psychological Adjustment.

To examine the implications of fathers’ occupational conditions (i.e., income, work hours, shift work, pressure, workplace racism, and underemployment) for family members’ psychological adjustment, home interviews were conducted with fathers, mothers, and two adolescent offspring in each of 218 Mexican American families. Results underscored the importance of acculturation as a moderator. Fathers’ income was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in highly acculturated families but not in less acculturated families. In contrast, fathers’ reports of workplace racism were positively associated with depressive symptoms in less acculturated families but not in more acculturated family contexts. These findings were consistent across all 4 family members, suggesting that the “long arm” of the jobs held by Mexican American fathers extends to mothers and adolescent offspring.
Trigeminal nerve and temporomandibular joint of the cat: A horseradish peroxidase study

Abstract The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is considered to contain the cell bodies of the first-order neurons that have peripheral connections in the temporomandibular joint capsule. Through use of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, this concept is challenged. The results indicate that a relatively specific region of the mandibular division of the trigeminal ganglion of the cat contains the first-order neurons innervating the temporomandibular joint capsule.
Firing rate measurement.

Abstract Neural firing rate can be measured simply, accurately and cheaply by means of the frequency-to-voltage converter 453K by Analog Devices.
Uncertainty in the Theory of Renewable Resource Markets

The natural growth rate of most renewable resource stocks is in part stochastic. This paper examines the implications of such ecological uncertainty for competitive equilibrium in a market with property rights. We show that stochastic fluctuations add a risk premium to the rate of return required to keep a unit of stock in situ, and we examine the effects of fluctuations on resource rent. Examples are used to show that extraction can increase, decrease, or be left unchanged as the variance of the fluctuations increases, depending on the extent of market "self-correction". Regulatory implications are also discussed. Renewable resource economics has traditionally been concerned with the study of dynamically optimal harvesting policies given a deterministic function for the natural growth of the resource stock. Issues have included the existence and characteristics of steady-state equilibria for the optimally managed resource, the need for and design of regulatory policies to prevent over-exploitation, and conditions under which (as a social optimum or otherwise) the resource will be exploited to extinction.1 Much of this work has been based on the assumption of a fixed and exogenous price for the harvested resource (typically resulting in "bang-bang" solutions for the harvesting policy). However some recent papers make price endogenous, and thereby describe how the extraction rate, and the rate of return and asset value of the resource behave in a competitive market with property rights.2
Excess Reserves during the 1930s: Empirical Estimates of the Costs of Converting Unintended Cash Inventory into Income-Producing Assets

It is often argued that the persistent amounts of excess reserves in the 1934–1941 period were sought either for protective liquidity or as a signal of bank safety to depositors. More recent explanations argue that these excess reserves were unintended inventory due to the high internal adjustment costs of converting reserves to income-producing assets. Our findings support the latter explanation and reveal high internal asset adjustment costs after 1933. Thus, a monetary policy focused on increasing reserves would have been ineffective. A successful monetary policy would be one that increased outside money.(JEL G210, G280, O420)
Post-PCI Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Requiring Long-Term Anticoagulation

The number of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and additionally require chronic anticoagulation for a variety of indications is not insignificant. The choice of antithrombotic therapy after PCI in patients with chronic indications for anticoagulation therapy remains a challenge for interventional cardiologists, as the risk of bleeding must be adequately weighed against the benefit of preventing future ischemic events. While these clinical scenarios are encountered in approximately 10 % of patients undergoing PCI, current practice guidelines do not sufficiently guide physicians as to how to best treat these PCI patients requiring chronic anticoagulation. Notwithstanding the clinical difficulties of treating such patients, there are several recent studies and analyses that have assessed optimal antithrombotic strategies in the PCI population, and there are several others that are currently underway. This review evaluates the currently available data and clinical scenarios commonly encountered by treating physicians.
Neutral and reduced Roussin's red salt ester [Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4] (R = n-Pr, t-Bu, 6-methyl-2-pyridyl and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl): synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, spectroscopic, electrochemical and density functional theoretical investigations

A series of Roussin's red salt esters [Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4] (R = n-Pr (1), t-Bu (2), 6-methyl-2-pyridyl (3) and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl (4)) were synthesized by the reaction of Fe(NO)2(CO)2 with thiols or thiolates. Complexes 1–4 were characterized by IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR, electrochemistry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The IR spectra of complexes 1–4 display one weak and two strong NO stretching frequencies (νNO) in solution, but only two strong νNO in the solid. Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations using complex 1 as model suggest that two spatial isomers of these complexes bear a 3 kcal energy difference in solution. Frequency calculations of the two isomers provide insight on the origin of the vibrational bands and explain the IR observation of complexes 1–4 in the solid state and in solution. Cyclic voltammetry shows two quasi-reversible, one-electron reductions for complexes 1–2 and one quasi-reversible, one-electron reduction for complexes 3–4. The paramagnetic complexes [Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4]− (1−–4−), which are prepared by the chemical reduction of neutral complexes [Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4] (1–4), have also been investigated by EPR spectroscopy. Interestingly, the EPR spectra of complexes [Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4]− (1−–4−) exhibit an isotropic signal of g = 1.998–2.004 without hyperfine splitting in the temperature range 180–298 K. The observations are consistent with the results of the calculations, which reveal that the unpaired electron is dominantly delocalized over the two sulfur and two iron atoms. The difference of the g values between the reduced form of Roussin's red ester and the typical dinitrosyl iron complexes is explained, for the first time, by the difference in unpaired electron distributions between the two types of complexes, which provides the theoretical bases for the use of g values as a spectroscopic tool to differentiate these biologically active complexes.
Communication with Best Friends About Sex-Related Topics During Emerging Adulthood

During emerging adulthood, relationships with close friends may be particularly important and influential, yet most research on communication about sex-related topics focuses on emerging adults' communication with parents. Two hundred and five college students (61% female, mean age = 20.5) completed surveys about the frequency and quality of their sex-related conversations with same-sex best friends, and their sexual attitudes and behaviors. These conversations were more frequent between females, and between less religious youth. Sexually active youth discussed most topics more frequently than abstinent youth, although abstinent youth discussed abstinence more frequently. More frequent and comfortable conversations were generally associated with more liberal sexual attitudes, and more positive condom-related attitudes. Differential associations between the specific topics discussed and attitudes about sexuality, HIV, and condoms highlight the importance of examining multiple dimensions of sex-related communication rather than the unidimensional measures typically employed.
Augmented Dynamics and Motor Exploration as Training for Stroke

With chronic stroke survivors (n = 30), we investigated how upper extremity training with negative viscosity affects coordination under unperturbed conditions. Subjects trained with a planar robotic interface simulating 1) negative viscosity augmented to elbow and shoulder joints; 2) negative viscosity combined with inertia; or 3) a null-field condition. Two treatment groups practiced with both force conditions (cross-over design), while a control group practiced with a null-field condition. Training (exploratory movement) and evaluations (prescribed circular movement) alternated in several phases to facilitate transfer from forces to the null field. Negative viscosity expanded exploration especially in the sagittal axis, and resulted in significant within-day improvements. Both treatment groups exhibited next day retention unobserved in the control. Our results suggest enhanced learning from forces that induce a broader range of kinematics. This study supports the use of robot-assisted training that encourages active patient involvement by preserving efferent commands for driving movement.
Correction of glucocerebrosidase deficiency after retroviral-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with Gaucher disease.

Abstract Retroviral gene transfer has been used successfully to correct the glucocerebrosidase (GCase) deficiency in primary hematopoietic cells from patients with Gaucher disease. For this model of somatic gene therapy, we developed a high-titer, amphotropic retroviral vector designated NTG in which the human GCase gene was driven by the mutant polyoma virus enhancer/herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter (Py+/Htk). NTG normalized GCase activity in transduced Gaucher fibroblasts and efficiently infected human monocytic and erythroleukemic cell lines. RNA blot-hybridization (Northern blot) analysis of these hematopoietic cell lines showed unexpectedly high-level expression from the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat (Mo-MLV LTR) and levels of Py+/Htk enhancer/promoter-initiated human GCase RNA that approximated endogenous GCase RNA levels. Furthermore, NTG efficiently infected human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Detection (by means of the polymerase chain reaction) of the provirus in approximately one-third of NTG-infected progenitor colonies that had not been selected in G418-containing medium indicates that relative resistance to G418 underestimated the actual gene transfer efficiency. Northern blot analysis of NTG-infected, progenitor-derived cells showed expression from both the Mo-MLV LTR and the Py+/Htk enhancer/promoter. NTG-transduced hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with Gaucher disease generated progeny in which GCase activity had been normalized.
Trustworthiness of random network coded information in untrustworthy networks

We examine the trustworthiness of random network coded information in untrustworthy networks, where the network nodes provide false data purposely or unknowingly and data transmissions are subject to channel errors. The trustworthiness of information x is defined as the probability of x being true. We show that the trustworthiness of random network coded packet decreases exponentially with the number of packets that are combined and that of random network coded symbol decreases monotonically with the field size. The latter indicates that the binary field is optimal in the sense of maximizing the trustworthiness of network coded symbol in untrustworthy networks. We analyze the fundamental tradeoff between the trustworthiness of coded packet and the information transmission rate in Rayleigh fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise.
Postoperative complications and short-term oncological outcomes of patients aged ≥80 years undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy

To assess complication rates and early oncological outcomes of patients aged ≥80 years who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). A total of 368 consecutive patients underwent radical cystectomy from April 2001 to September 2013 in a tertiary referral center. Sixty-one patients aged ≥80 years underwent RARC and constitute the cohort of interest. Complications arising within 30 and 90 days of surgery were graded using the modified Clavien classification and were additionally categorized by organ system using a standardized complication reporting system. Recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival and overall survival were calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Median age was 83 years (range 80–94). Twenty-nine (48 %) of all tumor specimens were stage ≥pT3. The median number of nodes removed was 19 (range 6–67). The soft tissue positive margin rate was 10 %. A total of 27 (44 %) patients had complications within 90 days, of which 9 had major complications. Two patients (3 %) died from surgical complications within 90 days. At a median follow-up of 13 months, 12 (20 %) patients had developed recurrent cancer and subsequently died from disease. An additional 13 (21 %) patients died from non-cancer-related causes. The median overall survival time was 36.0 months. At 2 years, recurrence-free, cancer-specific and overall survival rates were 73, 74 and 61 %, respectively. In patients aged ≥80 years, RARC is feasible with acceptable perioperative morbidity and favorable short-term oncological outcomes. Therefore, RARC should be considered a valid option for carefully selected patients aged ≥80 years with bladder cancer.
A Statistical Study of Easterly Waves in the Western Pacific: July–December 1964

Abstract The period July–December 1964 in the tropical western Pacific was marked by strong fluctuations in the meridional wind component with periods ranging from 4–6 days. This paper describes an intensive study of these disturbances, using spectrum-analysis techniques on time series of radiosonde data. Two types of disturbances appear to be involved. One of these, prevalent at Canton Island, is characterized by upward phase propagation in the lower troposphere and downward phase propagation above 200 mb. It has previously been suggested that this wave may be the tropospheric manifestation of the mixed Rossby- gravity wave. A second type of disturbance, prevalent at stations further west, is marked by an absence of vertical phase propagation. Latent heat release may be important in its energetics.
Evaluation of dysphonic patients by general otolaryngologists.

Summary Objective To investigate the instruments used by general otolaryngologists to visualize the larynx, assess the perception of the instruments’ capabilities, and understand their comfort diagnosing specific etiologies of dysphonia. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods One thousand randomly chosen general otolaryngologists from American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery were mailed a survey. Results The response rate was 27.8%. Mean years in practice were 19.5. Mirror and fiberoptic laryngoscopy were most commonly used. Approximately 84.1% used stroboscopy and 33.7% reported laryngoscopy could assess vibration. Respondents were more comfortable diagnosing conditions with obvious laryngeal structural abnormalities compared with those without, such as central neurologic disorders (P ≤ 0.001). Approximately 46.5% were concerned about overdiagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Conclusions Although 84.1% of general otolaryngologists use stroboscopy, one-third may not appreciate the differences between stroboscopy and laryngoscopy. General otolaryngologists are less comfortable diagnosing voice disorders without obvious laryngeal structural abnormalities, and nearly 50% are concerned that they overdiagnose LPR.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OCCUPATIONAL-TECHNICAL CERTIFICATE PROGRAMS: ASSESSING STUDENT CAREER GOALS

ABSTRACT A traditional way of assessing program effectiveness of academic programs has been by determining the percentage of students who complete programs and receive degrees or some other acknowledgment of completion. This method of assessment is particularly problematic for community colleges because only 4% of students who enroll in occupational-technical certificate programs do so with the intention of earning a certificate. These circumstances pose significant problems for certificate institutions as well as for those in coordinating/governing units at various levels who must assure that these programs are meeting the goals of the students and institutions in addition to the needs of a region or state. The purpose of this study was to investigate an alternative way of evaluating the effectiveness of occupational-technical programs to determine if they are meeting the goals of the students and institution by providing students with entry-level skills into the workforce or the ability to advance in th...
Jung's lost contribution to the dilemma of narcissism.

This paper proposes a partial answer to the hypothetical question, “What might Jung's contribution to a theory of narcissism have been had he remained a psychoanalytic writer?” An attempt is made t...