cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kidney transplantation from organ donors following cardiopulmonary death using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has the ability to provide normal organ perfusion and oxygenation in the absence of cardiac function and thus has the potential to improve viability of subsequently transplanted kidneys. In addition, ECMO support allows the donation following cardiopulmonary death (DCD) process to occur in a controlled manner that is acceptable to staff unfamiliar with DCD. In 1999 our center implemented a controlled DCD program that incorporates post-mortem ECMO support of the organs. Arterial and venous cannulae are placed following consent to donate, but prior to withdrawal of support. ECMO circulation is initiated immediately following declaration of death. Following a brief period where the donor family is allowed to grieve, the donor is moved to the operating room where organ recovery occurs. We reviewed the results of 20 kidney transplants from 13 ECMO supported donors that occurred between October 2000 and August 2003. One renal allograft was lost due to surgical complications, all 19 remaining grafts functioned. An 11% (2/19) delayed graft function rate was observed. Kidneys donated from "controlled" ECMO supported CPD donors are a viable source of organs for renal transplantation. This recovery method warrants further investigation.
Young Women's Beliefs Regarding Human Papillomavirus

ABSTRACT Objective To describe young women's perceptions of human papillomavirus (HPV) using the Common Sense Model and examine whether perceptions differ based on history of HPV diagnosis or sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing. Design Cross‐sectional, survey data. Setting Four women's health clinics and one university classroom. Participants Three hundred and two women ages 18–24. Methods Young women's beliefs regarding HPV were measured using the HPV Representations of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (RoSTD) survey. Results Most survey respondents believed HPV diagnosis was likely to result in cancer and death. Negative beliefs about the psychosocial consequences of HPV diagnosis were common. Compared to those who had not been diagnosed with HPV (or had never received STD testing), young women with a history of HPV diagnosis or STD testing had less serious and more accurate beliefs about HPV. Conclusion Young women tend to have misconceptions about HPV in addition to noteworthy concerns about the psychosocial consequences of HPV diagnosis. Clinical attention to young women's beliefs about HPV may provide direction for improving the delivery of patient‐centered education and counseling about this exceedingly common illness.
Outpatient Civil Commitment in North Carolina: Constitutional and Policy Concerns

This article examines preventive outpatient commitment, which targets those not ill or dangerous enough to be committed to inpatient facilities under state commitment laws. After discussing the history and design of the NC scheme, it explores constitutional and practical difficulties. Ultimately, it argues that individualized case management through local mental health clinics is the more effective and humane way of serving the interests of both the individual and the state.
Determining Damages in ICSID Arbitration: A Problem of Uncertainty

Currently, in investor-state arbitration under the auspices of ICSID, the determination of damages involves far too many variables and uncertainties for arbitrators to consistently reach equitable results (perhaps more importantly — to reach legally correct results). This is especially true under the governing customary international law standard, which vaguely requires that the reparation “wipe out all the consequences of the illegal act.” Arbitrators are often faced with complicated and contradicting theories of valuation while only armed with “case law” that are only persuasive authority and sometimes too few or too erratic to establish a clear trend. It is uncertain whether arbitrators are simply “splitting the baby” when they are overwhelmed by complex financial theories. This article attempts to dissect all the major variables and potential complications in determining damages, point out possible consequences for uncertainties, and offer a prediction of future trends.
Conversion of substituted methanes over ZSM-catalysts

Publisher Summary Methanol and chloromethane reacted under identical conditions over ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 catalysts to produced similar product streams. The conversion of reactants over ZSM-5 catalysts is high (>99.7%) even after extended periods of time on stream. Chloromethane reaction over the ZSM-11 catalysts causes a more rapid deactivation than that observed for methanol conversion. Exposure of the ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 catalysts at elevated temperatures (∼550˚C) to air removes the accumulated coke on the catalyst and returns the conversions and product selectivities to values observed for pristine catalysts.
Measurement challenges in shared decision making: putting the ‘patient’ in patient‐reported measures

Measuring clinicians' shared decision-making (SDM) performance is a key requirement given the intensity of policy interest in many developed countries - yet it remains one of the most difficult methodological challenges, which is a concern for many stakeholders. In this Viewpoint Article, we investigate the development of existing patient-reported measures (PRMs) of SDM identified in a recent review. We find that patients were involved in the development of only four of the 13 measures. This lack of patient involvement in PRM development is associated with two major threats to content validity, common to all 13 PRMs of SDM: (i) an assumption of patient awareness of 'decision points' and (ii) an assumption that there is only one decision point in each healthcare consultation. We provide detailed examples of these threats and their impact on accurate assessment of SDM processes and outcomes, which may hamper efforts to introduce incentives for SDM implementation. We propose cognitive interviewing as a recommended method of involving patients in the design of PRMs in the field of SDM and provide a practical example of this approach.
Approaches to using video cases in teacher professional development

Design in the classroom (DITC) is a teacher professional development program that uses videos and related materials to support middle-school science and tech ed teachers in learning about, implementing and managing design tasks successfully in the complex realm of classroom teaching. Cases are reported of how these interactive multimedia materials were used by teachers in Massachusetts and Georgia. One study compared one group of teachers who used DITC in conjunction with doing a model parachute design challenge with a similar group that relied upon published teacher materials. The effects of using "video timelines" in providing a video gestalt of an entire instructional unit and "video hotspots" in focusing users' attention on specific movie events are discussed.
Peak time of occurrence of myocardial ischemia in the coronary care unit.

Background The onset of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death has a circadian variation, with the peak occurrence between 6 AM and 12 noon. Objectives To determine if a circadian variation exists for transient myocardial ischemia in patients admitted to the coronary care unit with unstable coronary syndromes. Methods The sample was selected from patients enrolled in a prospective clinical trial who had had ST-segment monitoring for at least 24 hours and had had at least one episode of transient ischemia. The 24-hour day was divided into 6-hour periods, and comparisons were made between the 4 periods. Results In 99 patients, 61 with acute myocardial infarction and 38 with unstable angina, a total of 264 (mean +/- SD, 3 +/- 2) ischemic events occurred. Patients were more likely to have ischemic events between 6 AM and noon than at other times. A greater proportion of patients complained of chest pain between 6 AM and noon than during the other 3 periods. However, more than half the patients never complained of chest pain during ischemia between 6 AM and noon. Conclusion Transient ischemia occurs throughout the 24-hour day; however, ischemia occurs more often between 6 AM and noon. An important nursing intervention for detecting ischemia is continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of the ST segment, even during routine nursing care activities, which are often at a peak during the vulnerable morning hours.
Revisiting the End of Public Space: Assembling the Public in an Urban Park

A case study of the renovation of New York City's Bryant Park, this article revisits the end of public space thesis. the renovated park signifies not the end of public space but the new ends to whi...
Organic/inorganic Langmuir–Blodgett films based on known layered solids: divalent and trivalent metal phosphonates

Abstract Metal octadecylphosphonate Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of a series of divalent and trivalent metals have been prepared and characterized. The films are each shown to be LB analogs of known solid-state metal organophosphonates possessing a two-dimensional ionic–covalent metal phosphonate network. The metal phosphonate lattice crystallizes during the LB deposition process. LB films of octadecylphosphonic acid with Mn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Co 2+ and Cd 2+ form with the stoichiometry M II (O 3 PC 18 H 37 )H 2 O and have metal binding consistent with the analogous M II (O 3 PR)H 2 O layered solids. The Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ films form structures with stoichiometry M II (HO 3 PC 18 H 37 ) 2 , and octadecylphosphonate LB films of La 3+ , Sm 3+ and Gd 3+ form with stoichiometry M III (HO 3 PC 18 H 37 )(O 3 PC 18 H 37 ) and have structures consistent with the analogous M III (HO 3 PR)(O 3 PR) layered solids.
Soil Sampling Techniques For Alabama Grain Fields

Characterizing the spatial variability of nutrients facilitates precision soil sampling. Questions exist regarding the best technique for directed soil sampling based on a priori knowledge of soil and crop patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate zone delineation techniques for Alabama grain fields to determine which method best minimized the soil test variability. Site one (25.8 ha) and site three (20.0 ha) were located in the Tennessee Valley region, and site two (24.2 ha) was located in the Coastal Plain region of Alabama. Tennessee Valley soils ranged from well drained Rhodic and Typic Paleudults to somewhat poorly drained Aquic Paleudults and Fluventic Dystrudepts. Coastal Plain soils ranged from coarse-loamy Rhodic Kandiudults to loamy Arenic Kandiudults. Soils were sampled by grid soil sampling methods (grid sizes of 0.40 ha and 1 ha) consisting of: (1) twenty composited cores collected randomly throughout each grid (grid-cell sampling) and, (2) six composited cores collected randomly from a ∼3×3m area at the center of each grid (grid-point sampling). Zones were established from (1) an Order 1 Soil Survey, (2) corn (Zea mays L.) yield maps, and (3) airborne remote sensing images. All soil properties were moderately to strongly spatially dependent as per semivariogram analyses. Differences in grid-point and grid-cell soil test values suggested grid-point sampling does not accurately represent grid values. Zones created by soil survey, yield data, and remote sensing images displayed lower coefficient of variations (%CV) for soil test values than overall field values, suggesting these techniques group soil test variability. However, few differences were observed between the three zone delineation techniques. Results suggest directed sampling using zone delineation techniques outlined in this paper would result in more efficient soil sampling for these Alabama grain fields.
A new technique for describing the electronic states of atoms and molecules — The vector method☆

Abstract Whitehead's numerical approach to nuclear shell-model calculations has been successfully applied to ground and low-lying excited states of atoms and molecules. This paper gives a description of the computational techniques and results for LiH and H2O. Although presently somewhat slower than standard configuration interaction techniques, additional research should improve this situation.
Cellular Distribution of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor-β, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, and Their Receptors in Normal Bone Marrow

We performed an immunohistochemical study on 5 normal marrow samples and 3 fibrotic marrow samples to investigate the cellular distribution of various isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
Impacts on rural poverty of land-based targeting: Further results for Bangladesh

Abstract Landholding class has been widely advocated as a targeting indicator for fighting rural poverty in South Asia and elsewhere. Supporters have pointed to the correlation between poverty and lack of land, and have also claimed that land-based targeting raises output. The paper tries to assess the impact on rural poverty in Bangladesh of a benchmark policy under seemingly ideal conditions, generalizing earlier results of Ravallion (1989) on improved data. Poverty is reduced, though the maximum gains turn out to be small, even allowing for pro-poor productivity effects consistent with the farm size-productivity relationship in Bangladesh. The gains are likely to be even smaller under real-world incentive and political economy constraints.
Magnetic-Field Dependence of Free-Carrier Absorption in Semiconductors

A plane-wave semiclassical analysis of the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave transmitted through a semiconductor in the presence of a magnetic field is discussed and some theoretical predictions are compared with experimental measurements. The Faraday and the Voigt configurations, longitudinal and transverse, respectively, are specifically considered. The theoretical results, obtained formally in terms of the high-frequency conductivity tensor, are applied to the isotropic, one-carrier semiconductor model. The general expression, covering all ranges of frequency and magnetic field within the extent of validity of the model, is derived and reduced to simple forms applicable to specific experimental situations. The problem is then generalized to ellipsoidal surfaces of constant energy, and to systems involving more than one type of carrier. Results of room temperature microwave experiments carried out in the Faraday configuration on silicon and germanium show, in general, good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Effects of magnetodichroism, observed in $n$-type silicon in this configuration, are reported. It is finally noted that the theoretical analysis of the Voigt configuration predicts the major features of the line shapes observed in far infrared experiments by other workers.
How to Be a Successful Administrator

Being an academic administrator, specifically a department chair, can be an exciting and rewarding role in the discipline of criminal justice/criminology. Securing and succeeding in such a position, however, can be a daunting challenge. In this context, the aim of this essay is to provide as much direct and to the point information as possible to consider before and after accepting an assignment within the university’s administrative structure. The advice given is intended to be suggestive—points to weigh. Still, given that they are based on extensive experience in diverse roles across diverse institutions, they are insights that might well help readers to avoid salient pitfalls that chairs of academic units commonly confront.
Giving birth. Voices of Chinese women.

The meaning of the childbirth experience for Chinese women living in the People's Republic of China is described in this phenomenological study. Ten primiparous women participated in audiotaped int...
Coordination in Fast Repetitive Violin-Bowing Patterns

We present a study of coordination behavior in complex violin-bowing patterns involving simultaneous bow changes (reversal of bowing direction) and string crossings (changing from one string to another). Twenty-two violinists (8 advanced amateurs, 8 students with violin as major subject, and 6 elite professionals) participated in the experiment. We investigated the influence of a variety of performance conditions (specific bowing patterns, dynamic level, tempo, and transposition) and level of expertise on coordination behavior (a.o., relative phase and amplitude) and stability. It was found that the general coordination behavior was highly consistent, characterized by a systematic phase lead of bow inclination over bow velocity of about 15° (i.e., string crossings were consistently timed earlier than bow changes). Within similar conditions, a high individual consistency was found, whereas the inter-individual agreement was considerably less. Furthermore, systematic influences of performance conditions on coordination behavior and stability were found, which could be partly explained in terms of particular performance constraints. Concerning level of expertise, only subtle differences were found, the student and professional groups (higher level of expertise) showing a slightly higher stability than the amateur group (lower level of expertise). The general coordination behavior as observed in the current study showed a high agreement with perceptual preferences reported in an earlier study to similar bowing patterns, implying that complex bowing trajectories for an important part emerge from auditory-motor interaction.
Tutorial on geo-replication in data center applications

Data center applications increasingly require a *geo-replicated* storage system, that is, a storage system replicated across many geographic locations. Geo-replication can reduce access latency, improve availability, and provide disaster tolerance. It turns out there are many techniques for geo-replication with different trade-offs. In this tutorial, we give an overview of these techniques, organized according to two orthogonal dimensions: level of synchrony (synchronous and asynchronous) and type of storage service (read-write, state machine, transaction). We explain the basic idea of these techniques, together with their applicability and trade-offs.
Solubilization of Illinois bituminous coal: the critical importance of methylene group cleavage

Abstract The extent of solubilization of an Illinois bituminous coal achieved by hydroliquefaction at various temperatures with and without catalyst was determined. The coal was also solubilized by treatment in suspension in THF with potassium in the presence of naphthalene. The original coal was also extracted with THF without prior treatment. After removal of solvent the soluble fractions were examined by 1 H n.m.r. spectroscopy. It is concluded that there are two temperature regimes which affect coal conversion: in the 350–400 °C region, hydroliquefaction proceeds principally by ether cleavage; whereas in the 400–450 °C range, hydroliquefaction results in additional cleavage of methylene groups joining aromatic or heteroaromatic units. Comparison of solubilization by hydroliquefaction with solubilization achieved with potassium in THF seems to indicate the initial degradation of coal by both techniques proceeds by ether cleavage and that further degradation is achieved in both cases by attack at the methylene bridge. The n.m.r. studies on hydroliquefaction products indicate that Illinois bituminous coal is structurally quite homogeneous because the product composition is largely independent of the degree of solubilization. Thus, solubilization results from molecular weight degradation rather than from preferential-degradation to different structural units.
MORPHINE SUPPRESSES THE PROESTROUS SURGE OF GnRH IN PITUITARY PORTAL PLASMA OF RATS

Virgin proestrous rats were acutely treated with 2 doses of morphine sulfate (MS) (5–8 and 40 mg/kg BW) or naloxone HCl (NH) (10 mg/kg BW) co-administered with the high dose of MS, and the pituitary portal plasma concentrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) were compared with those of untreated proestrous (PE) and diestrous (DE) control animals. LH and FSH were measured in systemic plasma obtained by venipuncture just prior to the collection of portal blood. Both doses of MS severely diminished the PE surges of LH and FSH, but NH reversed the effect of MS and restored the circulating gonadotropins to PE levels. However, only PE rats treated with the high dose of MS exhibited significantly reduced GnRH concentrations in portal plasma.This suggests that the reduction of gonadotropin concentrations is not due merely to reduced GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus but may involve other mechanism(s) as well. However, in rats given the high dose of MS the severe reduction in pituitary gonadotropin secr...
Thermal Desorption, Vibrational Spectroscopic, and DFT Computational Studies of the Complex Manganese Borohydrides Mn(BH4)2 and [Mn(BH4)4]2−

The mechanochemical reaction of LiBH4 with MnCl2 produces the neutral complex Mn(BH4)2. Thermal desorption studies show that the mechanochemical reaction of NaBH4 with MnCl2 produces a different species, apparently Na2Mn(BH4)4, that undergoes dehydrogenation of a much lower weight percent H at a ∼20 °C higher temperature than the neutral Mn(BH4)2. Vibrational spectroscopy also reveals that a complex manganese borohydride(s) in addition to Mn(BH4)2 are formed from the mechanochemical reactions. Analysis of the vibrational spectra in conjunction with DFT calculations on a model Mn(BH4)42− complex suggest bidentate binding of the [BH4]− ligands to the Mn center in the anionic complex. The calculated highest frequencies of the B−H stretching modes (corresponding to the “free” B−H bonds) agree well with the experimental frequencies and support the presence of this structural feature.
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE OF TRIVALENT GADOLINIUM IONS IN STRONTIUM AND BARIUM TITANATES

This paper reports electron paramagnetic resonance data of substitutional ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ impurities in the cubic and tetragonal phases of barium and strontium titanates. The pertinent spin Hamiltonian parameters are determined as a function of temperature in these two mentioned phases of both crystals. The temperature for the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition in SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is determined from these data to be 110\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, a result that has been checked by the observation of the temperature dependence of the birefringence pattern of pure (undoped) crystals. This experiment is also briefly described. In the latter crystal we find a smooth transition, contrary to the corresponding case in BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ resonance results are compared with previous data on electron paramagnetic resonance of iron-group impurities, and some comments and conjectures are offered as to possible correlation of these results with the temperature dependence of certain properties of the host crystals in the neighborhood of the phase transition.
Application of spectroscopic techniques and physical parameters for studying the effect of apatite on the properties of wood pulp

The effect of using apatite as an additive to wood pulp on the mechanical and physical properties of paper is studied. The resulting pulp was also examined by X-ray diffraction and infra-red spectroscopy. The results show that apatite is an effective fire retardant and also improves the mechanical properties of paper.
Role of glucocorticoids in the chromaffin-neuron developmental decision.

Chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons develop from a common neural crest-derived progenitor cell. The developmental fate of this cell differs depending upon whether it migrates to the sympathetic ganglion or to the adrenal gland primordium, suggesting that local environmental signals control its differentiation. Glucocorticoid (GC) is a good candidate for an important adrenal environmental signal. These steroids are known to regulate PNMT, an adrenal-specific enzyme. However, in vivo observations suggest that the adrenal microenvironment influences the phenotype of sympathoadrenal progenitor cells as early as E14.5, 2 days before PNMT is first expressed by developing chromaffin cells. Using cDNA probes, we find that GC receptor mRNA can be detected in the embryonic adrenal at least one full day before the initial appearance of PNMT mRNA. This observation is compatible with the idea that the apparent early influence of the adrenal microenvironment reflects the action of GC on progenitors which have migrated into this environment. In support of this, we show that similar influences can be exerted by GC on PC12 cells, which contain GC receptor mRNA but do not express or induce PNMT mRNA. Taken together, these data suggest that other factors in addition to the presence of the GC receptor may be necessary for the developmental appearance of PNMT expression.
The migration of a mutant gene into isolated populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

Sepia (eyed) D. melanogaster females were allowed to enter ‘bottle’ populations of wildtype D. melanogaster flies at rare, sporadic intervals. The frequency of sepia-eyed individuals in these populations was determined much more by selective forces than by numbers of immigrant individuals. Populations with no sepia individuals averaged nearly 3 immigrant individuals; those with more than 25% (homozygous) sepia flies averaged about 6 immigrants. After 34 generations, the average frequency of the sepia gene is about 0.28; this may represent the average frequency of any allele introduced into the wildtype populations by these migrant flies.
Thermodilution cardiac output: A critical analysis and review of the literature

Abstract A critical analysis of the thermodilution method of cardiac output determination has been presented. The factors determining cardiac output calculations have been discussed and specific sources of error have been analyzed. This method offers advantages of internal electrical calibration, use of physiologic fluid as indicator, minimal recirculation, lack of requirement for a withdrawal system, and a short interval between successive determinations. The method has compared favorably to other methods of cardiac output determination and is easily used in the modern clinical setting because of its technical simplicity and the availability of flow-directed balloon-tipped catheters with thermistors. Specific sources of error include factors influencing the temperature of the injectate bolus, the determination of initial baseline blood temperature, the integration of the time-temperature curve, the technique of injection, and the method of sampling. These errors depend both upon experimental technique and upon the internal calibrations and methods of curve integration as determined by the manufacturer. In general, the method can be used to accurately determine cardiac output when it is applied systematically and the sources of error are understood.
Insect Photographic Salons — Why Have Them?

At the first annual meeting of the new Entomological Society of America in Los Angeles in 1953—that is, during the administration of Charles E. Palm, himself an ardent insect cinematographer-Arthur C. Smith organized a group for a special afternoon session entitled: “The use of Photography in Entomology.” I was asked to be one of the participants in that session. I think the greatest surprise was the large attendance, even though the session was concurrent with three other very interesting sessions. The seats were all filled and people were standing. Since 1953, our national organization has had no similar photographic sessions.
Discriminating direction of motion trajectories from angular speed and background information

The effects of a background scene on the perception of the trajectory of an approaching object and its relation to changes in angular speed and angular size were examined in five experiments. Observers judged the direction (upward or downward) of two sequentially presented motion trajectories simulating a sphere traveling toward the observer at a constant 3-D speed from a fixed distance. In Experiments 1–4, we examined the effects of changes in angular speed and the presence of a scene background, with changes in angular size based either on the trajectories being discriminated or on an intermediate trajectory. In Experiment 5, we examined the effects of changes in angular speed and scene background, with angular size either constant or consistent with an intermediate 3-D trajectory. Overall, we found that (1) observers were able to judge the direction of object motion trajectories from angular speed changes; (2) observers were more accurate with a 3-D scene background, as compared with a uniform background, suggesting that scene information is important for recovering object motion trajectories; and (3) observers were more accurate in judging motion trajectories based on angular speed when the angular size function was consistent with motion in depth than when the angular size was constant.
Effects of Increased Rearing Period Body Weights and Early Photostimulation on Broiler Breeder Egg Production

Broiler breeder pullets were subjected to photostimulation (PS) at either 14, 17, or 20 wk of age after attaining greater than recommended BW during rearing in order to determine effects on age at onset of lay, egg weight, and egg production. During rearing, feed was consumed ad libitum (AL) or provided in allotments resulting in growth to projected BW of 2.8 (heavy, HV) or 2.3 kg (light, LT) at 20 wk. Rearing period feeding and age at PS treatments made up a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. A single restricted feeding program was provided during lay. Although age at first egg in the AL treatment was earlier than in HV and LT treatments, total production by HV and LT birds was greater because peak and postpeak production by AL birds were depressed. Relative to PS at 20 wk, PS at 14 and 17 wk advanced age at first egg and increased cumulative production to 30 wk. However, early PS decreased peak production and, therefore, did not affect total production. Mean egg weight and settable egg production (egg weight > 50 g) were increased in HV and LT treatments. Egg weight and settable egg production were not affected by age at PS. These results indicate that the onset of lay by broiler breeders can be advanced by early PS and that increased BW facilitates this. However, allowing greater BW during rearing does not compensate for reduced early egg weights and results in decreased total production and mean egg weights when feed is provided at recommended levels during lay.
Noradrenergic vs Serotonergic Antidepressant with or without Naltrexone for Veterans with PTSD and Comorbid Alcohol Dependence

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are associated with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid alcohol use disorders. The pharmacotherapy of these comorbid conditions has received relatively little study. The current study compared the serotonin uptake inhibitor, paroxetine, to the norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, desipramine. It also evaluated the adjunctive efficacy of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved alcoholism pharmacotherapy, naltrexone, relative to placebo. Four groups of predominately male veterans (n=88) meeting current diagnostic criteria for both alcohol dependence (AD) and PTSD were randomly assigned under double-blind conditions to one of four groups: paroxetine+naltrexone; paroxetine+placebo; desipramine+naltrexone; desipramine+placebo. Main outcome measures included standardized scales that assessed symptoms of PTSD and alcohol consumption. Paroxetine did not show statistical superiority to desipramine for the treatment of PTSD symptoms. However, desipramine was superior to paroxetine with respect to study retention and alcohol use outcomes. Naltrexone reduced alcohol craving relative to placebo, but it conferred no advantage on drinking use outcomes. Although the serotonin uptake inhibitors are the only FDA-approved medications for the treatment of PTSD, the current study suggests that norepinephrine uptake inhibitors may present clinical advantages when treating male veterans with PTSD and AD. However, naltrexone did not show evidence of efficacy in this population. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT00338962 and URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338962?term=desipramine+AND+alcohol+dependence+AND+depression&recr= Closed&rank=1.
Obesity and oral contraceptives: A clinician's guide

Obesity and unintended pregnancy are two of the major health epidemics we are currently facing worldwide. Patient education is a clinician's greatest tool in combating both epidemics but many clinicians may be uncomfortable with counselling and prescribing contraception for obese women. Overall, the prevention of unintended pregnancy in obese women far outweighs any risk associated with oral contraceptive use. This review aims to provide the clinician with a practical guide to the use of oral contraceptive pills in obese women.
Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts

Acknowledgements Introduction Origins of the essays 1. A taxonomy of illocutionary acts 2. Indirect speech acts 3. The logical status of fictional discourse 4. Metaphor 5. Literal meaning 6. Referential and attributive 7. Speech acts and recent linguistics Bibliography Index.
Observational Evidence for Transformation of Tropospheric Waters within Cyclonic Rings

Abstract The North American Slope and Gulf Stream components that constitute the initial water masses within a cyclonic ring can combine with Sargasso Sea water to generate Western North Atlantic Water (WNAW) common to the main anticyclonic gyre in the Sargasso Sea. Evidence from the 1967 ring survey indicates that warm, saline water from above mixes with cooler, fresher water from below to produce WNAW in the region of the mid-thermocline (7–12°C). At mid-thermocline depths, WNAW can be traced along σt surfaces from the ring center to the Sargasso Sea. Vertical stability conditions support the mixing concept. Distributions of the zooplankton species Nematoscelis megalops found for the 1975–76 Ring D survey can be interpreted as indicating mixing and detrainment through the mid-thermocline region.
Speech Production: How Does a Word Feel?

Given the importance of auditory feedback in vocal production, how can deaf individuals produce intelligible speech? A new study suggests that somatosensory feedback is the answer and, more generally, offers intriguing insights into the action-oriented nature of sensory representations in the brain.
Experimental dissolution of dolomite by CO2-charged brine at 100°C and 150bar: Evolution of porosity, permeability, and reactive surface area

Abstract Hydrothermal flow experiments of single-pass injection of CO2-charged brine were conducted on nine dolomite cores to examine fluid–rock reactions in dolomite reservoirs under geologic carbon sequestration conditions. Post-experimental X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) analysis illustrates a range of dissolution patterns, and significant increases in core bulk permeability were measured as the dolomite dissolved. Outflow fluids were below dolomite saturation, and cation concentrations decreased with time due to reductions in reactive surface area with reaction progress. To determine changes in reactive surface area, we employ a power-law relationship between reactive surface area and porosity (Luquot and Gouze, 2009). The exponent in this relationship is interpreted to be a geometrical parameter that controls the degree of surface area change per change in core porosity. Combined with XRCT reconstructions of dissolution patterns, we demonstrate that this exponent is inversely related to both the flow path diameter and tortuosity of the dissolution channel. Even though XRCT reconstructions illustrate dissolution at selected regions within each core, relatively high Ba and Mn recoveries in fluid samples suggest that dissolution occurred along the core's entire length and width. Analysis of porosity–permeability data indicates an increase in the rate of permeability enhancement per increase in porosity with reaction progress as dissolution channels lengthen along the core. Finally, we incorporate the surface area–porosity model of Luquot and Gouze (2009) with our experimentally fit parameters into TOUGHREACT to simulate experimental observations.
A Universal Telemetering System

It is believed that there is a need of a general telemetering method that can be applied to any one of a wide variety of telemetering problems. There is a need for some basic circuit or device that could be adapted readily to the metering of flow in a remote gas main, temperature in the cylinder wall of a remote aircraft, the current in a remote alternator, or the remote indication of any one of numerous measureable quantities of engineering interest. If the engineer merely had to adapt a basic telemetering device through minor modifications, the design of a device or circuit for a new telemetering problem might be simplified considerably.
Love, lust and language: Eleonore Thon's Adelheit von Rastenberg

This article explores the portrayal of gender relations in Eleonore Thon's 1788 play Adelheit von Rastenberg. Thon's tragedy is characterized by a temporal displacement of its plot, which is set in medieval times. At the same time that this displacement allows the author to comment on her own society in a disguised manner, it also enables her to break free from the predominant dramatic framework of the German eighteenth century, the burgerliche Trauerspiel. Instead of framing the question of love and emotional attachments with the conventional class conflict, Thon thematizes the characters' linguistic negotiation of a gradually changing sensibility, a sensibility that explores the possibilities of reciprocal love.
The adoption of medications in substance abuse treatment: Associations with organizational characteristics and technology clusters

Despite growing interest in closing the "research to practice gap", there are few data on the availability of medications in American substance abuse treatment settings. Recent research suggests that organizational characteristics may be associated with medication availability. It is unclear if the availability of medications can be conceptualized in terms of "technology clusters", where the availability of a medication is positively associated with the likelihood that other medications are also offered. Using data from 403 privately funded and 363 publicly funded specialty substance abuse treatment centers in the US, this research models the availability of agonist medications, naltrexone, disulfiram, and SSRIs. Bivariate logistic regression models indicated considerable variation in adoption across publicly funded non-profit, government-owned, privately funded non-profit, and for-profit treatment centers. Some of these differences were attenuated by organizational characteristics, such as accreditation, the presence of staff physicians, and the availability of detoxification services. There was some evidence that naltrexone, disulfiram, and SSRIs represent a group of less intensely regulated medications that is distinct from more intensely regulated medications. These types of medications were associated with somewhat different correlates. Future research should continue to investigate the similarities and differences in the predictors of medication availability across national contexts.
Induction of type II T4-5'-monodeiodinase activity in brown adipose tissue in fasted mice.

In order to study the effect of starvation on brown adipose tissue (BAT) typell 5’- monodeiodinating activity (5’MDI), type II 5’MDI was measured in vitro in the presence of 20 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM propylthiouracil, 2 nM thyroxine (T4) and appropriate amounts of 600 × g infranatant of BAT from fed control or 3 day fasted mice, with or without daily T4 replacement (1.2 μg/100 g bw) during starvation. I– released from125I-T4 was measured by ion exchange column chromatography. Activity of BAT 5’MDI was markedly elevated in the 3 day fasted group (133 ±28 fmol I−/h per mg protein vs. 26 ± 6.4; p < 0.05). Kinetic studies using BAT infranatant suggested that fasting-induced activity is associated with a similar change in the Vmax, but no demonstrable change in apparent Km of T4 monodeiodination. T4 replacement during fasting, which normalized both serum T4 and T3 in fed and 3 day fasted groups, did not stop the increase of BAT 5’MDI in the fasted group (p < 0.01). The data suggest that: (1) the fasting-induced increase in BAT 5’MDI is due mainly to the changes in capacity rather than the affinity of the enzyme, and (2) the fasting-induced increase in BAT 5’MDI is not mediated entirely through changes in serum thyroid hormone concentration.
A Study of Dislocation - Hydrogen Interaction in Alpha Titanium via Internal Friction Measurements.

Abstract A hydrogen-dislocation interaction in α-titanium was studied via internal friction measurements of a damping peak in the temperature range 200°–500°K. The peak centers around 390°K at 10 MHz. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 6,400 cal/mole (= 0.28 eV) and 4 × 10 10 cycles / sec , respectively. Both room temperature plastic deformation and the presence of hydrogen are required to generate this peak. The relaxation strength of the peak is proportional to the square of the hydrogen concentration at very low concentrations, and reaches a plateau at 8 ppm total hydrogen concentration. The peak relaxation strength diminishes with time at elevated temperatures, and the activation energy associated with this process was determined to be 11.5 ± 0.9 kcal / mole . This energy is comparable with the diffusion energy of hydrogen in α-titanium. The mechanism of this peak is proposed to be due to the interaction of hydrogen di-interstitials in α-titanium solid solution with dislocation loops in a manner similar to that suggested earlier by Hasiguti to depict point defect-dislocation interactions. The activation energy required is that needed for dislocation loops to detrap from hydrogen di-interstitials, that is, the binding energy between dislocation loops and hydrogen di-interstitials. It is proposed that the origin of this binding energy is electrical in nature.
An imbedding method for matrix eigenvalue problems

Abstract Determination of the (possibly complex) eigenvalues of a general square matrix is reduced to integration in the complex plane of ordinary differential equations subject to known initial conditions. Some formulae from the theory of functions of a complex variable play a crucial role. The method is illustrated with results of some numerical experiments.
In Anticipation of International Stroke Trial-3 (IST-3)

Few medical advances have polarized physicians so powerfully as thrombolytic therapy for stroke.1 After years of delays, this highly efficacious treatment fully entered mainstream clinical use with the publication of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS)-3 study; annually we see increasing rates of use globally.2 Along the way, many self-appointed “expert critiques” challenged the original trials and sought to insinuate that the therapy was less effective than primary data indicated. Seeking to use data and science to quell some of the hostility toward recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA), a highly dedicated and rigorous group of investigators at Edinburgh organized a trial in the late 1990s named the International Stroke Trial (IST).3 Because 2 previous trials shared the name IST—1 of aspirin for stroke and the other for a neuroprotectant—the trial became known as the IST-3. Originally planned for a sample size of 6000 patients, IST-3 sought to become the largest acute stroke trial ever done.4 After a decade and a half, the IST-3 study group has thrown in the towel approximately halfway short of their finish line, and will soon publish the results of their truncated trial. The investigators have been refreshingly transparent throughout and have posted on their web site their statistical analysis plan, their protocol, and the baseline characteristics of their study sample (www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/ist3/). These documents lead to a number of questions about IST-3 and how—no matter what the results—thoughtful clinicians might anticipate using the IST-3 data in clinical decision-making. ### Design Issues A number of design issues in IST-3 deserve thoughtful review before seeing the results. The study leadership invoke a concept known as “large simple” trials, meaning trials that seek power by simplifying protocols and reducing data collection to a bare minimum in hopes of enhanced recruitment. Large simple trials may be an answer …
Mutational analysis of potential zinc-binding residues in the active site of the enterococcal D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidase VanX.

VanX, one of the five proteins required for the vancomycin-resistant phenotype in clinically pathogenic Enterococci, is a zinc-containing d-Ala-d-Ala dipeptidase. To identify potential zinc ligands...
Analysis of Multiple Precipitation Products and Preliminary Assessment of Their Impact on Global Land Data Assimilation System Land Surface States

Land surface models (LSMs) are computer programs, similar to weather and climate prediction models, which simulate the stocks and fluxes of water (including soil moisture, snow, evaporation, and runoff) and energy (including the temperature of and sensible heat released from the soil) after they arrive on the land surface as precipitation and sunlight. It is not currently possible to measure all of the variables of interest everywhere on Earth with sufficient accuracy and space-time resolution. Hence LSMs have been developed to integrate the available observations with our understanding of the physical processes involved, using powerful computers, in order to map these stocks and fluxes as they change in time. The maps are used to improve weather forecasts, support water resources and agricultural applications, and study the Earth's water cycle and climate variability. NASA's Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) project facilitates testing of several different LSMs with a variety of input datasets (e.g., precipitation, plant type). Precipitation is arguably the most important input to LSMs. Many precipitation datasets have been produced using satellite and rain gauge observations and weather forecast models. In this study, seven different global precipitation datasets were evaluated over the United States, where dense rain gauge networks contribute to reliable precipitation maps. We then used the seven datasets as inputs to GLDAS simulations, so that we could diagnose their impacts on output stocks and fluxes of water. In terms of totals, the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) had the closest agreement with the US rain gauge dataset for all seasons except winter. The CMAP precipitation was also the most closely correlated in time with the rain gauge data during spring, fall, and winter, while the satellitebased estimates performed best in summer. The GLDAS simulations revealed that modeled soil moisture is highly sensitive to precipitation, with differences in spring and summer as large as 45% depending on the choice of precipitation input.
Unconscious perception of meaning: A failure to replicate

An unsuccessful attempt was made to substantiate Marcel’s (in press) claim that semantic information can be extracted from visually presented words and can affect responses to subsequent stimuli under conditions that prevented identification of the stimulus word and even awareness of its presence. The results reported here are consistent with traditional information processing models of reading that hold that retrieval of a semantic representation for a visually presented word requires prior computation of a graphemic code for the word and that semantic information cannot become available in the absence of corresponding visual/graphemic information.