cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active H+ efflux from cells of low-salt barley roots during salt accumulation.

Measurements were made of net H(+) loss from low-salt barley roots accumulating salt. Comparison of rates of loss from roots in different concentrations of KCl showed that H(+) loss increased in the same way as the Mechanism II component of salt uptake. This H(+) loss appeared to be coupled to salt uptake and was not due to increased respiration or metabolic breakdown of sugars. In view of the large negative potential of the cells (-60 millivolts), it is suggested that the H(+) loss is due to an outward proton transport process.
Nitrogen and phosphorus enhance growth and luxury consumption of four secondary forest tree species in Borneo

Four common fallow tree species were tested for a response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Seedlings or cuttings of Melicope glabra (Rutaceae), Macaranga gigantea (Euphorbiaceae), Persea romosa (Laureaceae), Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae) were grown in pots of a 50:50 mix of native soil and sand under 18% full sun for 18 weeks. Every 2 weeks, plants received either added N, added P, added N+P, or no added nutrients (control). Persea, a shade-tolerant species, and Macaranga, a light-demanding pioneer, improved relative growth rate with the addition of both N and P. Neither responded to N or P alone. Peronema and Melicope demonstrated luxury consumption of both N and P but did not show enhanced growth. Two of the four species tested (Persea and Melicope) were more limited by P than N. Macaranga was equally limited by both and Peronema was more limited by N. Along with previous studies, evidence for positive growth response and luxury consumption among light-demanding species suggests that P, rather than N, should limit seedling performance and may ultimately influence tree diversity in young secondary tropical forests.
Robust image restoration using adaptive kernel

We introduce a modified technique for restoring an image that has been distorded by a linear system whose impulse response function is itself random, and in the presence of detection of a long tailed noise. A robust non-parametiic function estimation is introduced. The estimate is motived from the theory of M-estimation and of adaptive kernel estimation regression function.
Immunomodulation of rat endometriotic implant growth and protein production

PROBLEM: The immune system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. To determine if modulation of the immune system influences endometriotic implant growth and protein production, the following experiment was conducted. METHOD: Female rats with surgically induced endometriosis were treated with either the immunosuppressive agent pentoxifylline (Pent; 5 mg/kg BW; N = 16) or a vehicle (N = 16) for 7 consecutive days, then killed. Twenty-four hours before death, 8 animals from each group were injected intraperitoneally with the immunostimulatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 200 Hg/kg BW). At death, endometriotic implants were measured and protein production assessed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULT: Pentoxifylline significantly (P < 0.001) reduced endometriotic implant size (2.15 ± 0.65 mm2 vs. 17.13 ± 1.98 mm2) whereas LPS was without effect (18.32 ± 2.57 mm2 vs. 17.13 ± 1.98 mm2). Pentoxifylline also suppressed production of a portion of the proteins that comprise the implant specific group of proteins, ENDO-2, whereas LPS induced the production of two additional ENDO-2 proteins. CONCLUSION: Immunomodulatory agents can modulate rat endometriotic implant growth and production of implant-specific proteins.
The Web versus the Classroom: Instructor Experiences in Discussion-Based and Mathematics-Based Disciplines.

This study examined the instructor experience of teaching college courses (discussion-based and mathematics) over the Web, versus in the classroom, in terms of teaching, social issues, and emergent issues such as media effects. We interviewed, by e-mail and telephone, 22 college instructors who taught in both formats. We categorized interview fragments to highlight trends. Results indicated Web courses have profoundly different communication than classroom courses, resulting in greater student-instructor equality, explicitness of written instructions required, greater workloads for instructors and deeper thinking in discussions. Initial feelings of anonymity give way later to online identities. Disciplines involving reading, writing, and discussion seem well suited to online education. Mathematics instructors feel the shortcomings of Web-based distance learning environments more than do instructors from more writing-based disciplines. A follow-up needs-assessment of distance mathematics instructors indica...
Targeting nuclear kinases in cancer: development of cell cycle kinase inhibitors

Cellular proliferation is a tightly controlled set of events that is regulated by numerous nuclear protein kinases. The proteins involved include checkpoint kinases (CHK), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which regulate the cell cycle and aurora kinases (AURK) and polo-like kinases (PLK), which regulate mitosis. In cancer, these nuclear kinases are often dysregulated and cause uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth. Much work has gone into developing novel therapeutics that target each of these protein kinases in cancer but none have been approved in patients. In this review we provide an overview of the current compounds being developed clinically to target these nuclear kinases involved in regulating the cell cycle and mitosis.
Radiation belts of jupiter.

The results of a theoretical study of the radiation belts of Jupiter are presented. The model of the electron radiation belt is based on the assumption that electrons from the solar wind are transported into the region near Jupiter by radial diffusion. The diffusion is driven by electric fields caused by an upper atmospheric dynamo in Jupiter's ionosphere. A proton radiation belt at Jupiter is predicted.
Towards a semantic metrics suite for object-oriented design

In recent years much work has been performed in developing suites of metrics that are targeted for object oriented software, rather than functionally oriented software. This is necessary since good object oriented software has several characteristics, such as inheritance and polymorphism, that are not usually present in functionally oriented software. However, all of these object oriented metrics suites have been defined using only syntactic aspects of object oriented software; indeed, the earlier functionally oriented metrics were also calculated using only syntactic information. All syntactically oriented metrics have the problem that the mapping from the metric to the quality the metric purports to measure, such as the software quality factor "cohesion", is indirect, and often arguable. Thus, a substantial amount of research effort goes into proving that these syntactically oriented metrics actually do measure their associated quality factors. The paper introduces a new suite of semantically derived object oriented metrics, which provide a more direct mapping from the metric to its associated quality factor than is possible using syntactic metrics. These semantically derived metrics are calculated using knowledge based, program understanding, and natural language processing techniques.
Attention alters appearance

At any given moment, our visual system is confronted with far more information than it can process effectively. The high energy cost of neuronal activity involved in cortical computation severely limits our capacity to process this information 1 .V isual attention serves as a mediating mechanism, enabling us to selectively grant priority of processing to certain aspects of the visual scene. One means of granting priority is to direct one’s gaze towards the relevant location. However, many situations call for one to attend to an area in the periphery without actually directing gaze toward it. For example, when driving it is generally best to keep your eyes on the road ahead while covertly monitoring the periphery for cars, pedestrians and potential road hazards. The impact of covert attention 2 on visual performance is well-documented across a range of perceptual tasks, such as visual search 3‐6 ,l etter identification 7,8 ,c ontrast sensitivity 9‐12 and spatial resolution 13‐16 .S everal studies that used single-cell recording 17‐22 ,e vent-related potentials 23,24 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 25‐27 indicate that attentional modulation
Pricing decisions in a multi-criteria setting for product recovery facilities

Abstract Unpredictability in the arrival time and quantity of discarded products at product recovery facilities (PRFs) and varying demand for recovered components contribute to the volatility in their inventory levels. Achieving profit under such capricious inventory levels and stringent environmental legislations remains a challenge to many PRFs. This paper presents a multi-criteria decision model to determine a pricing policy that can simultaneously address two issues: stabilize inventory fluctuations and boost profits. The model considers that PRFs passively accepts discarded products as well as acquires them proactively if necessary. Under a multi-criteria setting, the current work determines prices of reusable and recyclable components to maximize revenue and minimize product recovery costs. A genetic algorithm is employed to solve the multi-criteria decision making problem. Sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of sorting yield, disassembly yield, and reusable component yield on the profits, prices, inventory levels, and disposal quantities.
Statins as the cornerstone of drug therapy for dyslipidemia: monotherapy and combination therapy options

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction with statin treatment remains the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy to reduce risk of coronary heart disease. Combination therapy with a statin poses advantages in certain settings and may allow use of lower doses of multiple drugs rather than maximum doses of a single drug. Bile-acid sequestrants or the cholesterol-absorption inhibitor ezetimibe can be added to a statin to achieve greater LDL cholesterol reductions. Niacin or fenofibrate can be added to a statin for treatment of mixed dyslipidemia. Differences in statin efficacy in reducing LDL cholesterol and meeting recommended LDL cholesterol targets as well as differences among these agents in beneficial effects on other lipid parameters can affect whether and how these agents are prescribed in monotherapy and combination therapy.
[Efficacy of peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy of chronic hepatitis C: a pooled analysis].

BACKGROUND/AIMS A combination of peginterferon and ribavirin is the standard therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, the respective study has not been carried out in a large scale in Korea. The purpose of this study was to collect the studies that have been reported in Korea in order to analyze the therapeutic effect of combination therapy and compare to find racial difference. METHODS Twenty-eight papers related to the therapeutic effect of combination therapy in CHC patients were analyzed based on pooled analysis. RESULTS Based on the analysis for genotype 1 in Korea, early virologic response (EVR), end of treatment response (ETR), and sustained virologic response (SVR) were 79.6% (125/157), 80.1% (166/207), and 62.7% (341/543). The EVR, ETR, and SVR for genotype 2 and 3 were 89.4% (119/133), 92.2% (203/220), and 84.1% (434/516). Data from other Asians showed that EVR and SVR for genotype 1 were 88.9% (290/326) and 64.4% (491/762) respectively and 88.8% (135/152), and 79.4% (151/190) for genotype 2 and 3 respectively. In Western, EVR and SVR for genotype 1 were 51.3% (1,981/3,860) and 42.4% (1,798/4,231) respectively, and for genotype 2 and 3 were 87.7% (350/399) and 77.8% (533/685) respectively. Based on the comparative analysis, no statistical difference in SVR between Koreans and other Asians (p=0.955) was observed; However, the SVR of Koreans was higher with significance than that of Westerns (p<0.001) On the other hand, there was no difference what so ever, in SVR for genotype 2 amongst the different races. CONCLUSIONS The SVR of combination therapy for the Korean chronic hepatitis C patients was similar to other Asians but higher than Westerns.
Hungry females show stronger mating preferences

Female mating decisions that are based on condition-dependent traits, such as male nutritional state, may be associated with a female's own condition. In the swordtail fish, Xiphophorus birchmanni, females prefer the chemical cues of well-fed males to cues of food-deprived males. Here we show that this preference is significantly stronger in females when they were experimentally food deprived than when they were well fed. Our results suggest that if females have limited access to food resources, and are themselves food deprived, they will attend to cues indicating male nutritional condition more than when environmental conditions allow for greater access to food. Furthermore, not only is the slope of the preference function condition dependent but also, in all trials, the latency to respond to the presented stimuli was shorter in food-deprived females, suggesting that responsiveness to environmental cues is condition dependent as well. Under natural conditions, females of many species likely experience variation in resource availability. Thus, we predict that covariance between the strength of female preferences and resource availability may be widespread and may represent a common source of female preference variation within and between populations. Copyright 2006.
Performance analysis of integrated polyspectrum based time delay estimators

The problem of estimating the difference in arrival times of a non-Gaussian signal at two spatially separated sensors is considered. The signal is assumed to be corrupted by spatially correlated Gaussian (or a class of non-Gaussian) noise of unknown cross-correlation. We analyze the asymptotic performance of some recently proposed differential time-delay estimators which exploit the integrated polyspectrum of the measurements. The proposed estimators are asymptotically maximum-likelihood when attention is confined to the integrated polyspectra of the measurements. Therefore, the performance of the estimators approaches the Cramer-Rao (CR) bound asymptotically. Expressions for the relevant CR bound are derived. Computer simulations are presented comparing actual performance with the CR bounds for a simple example.
New Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis

The understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis continues to evolve. The initial hypothetical model suggested chronic inflammation as the cause of pulmonary fibrosis, whereas a subsequent hypothesis posited epithelial injury and impaired wound repair as the etiology of fibrosis without preceding inflammation. Over the past decade, several concepts have led to refinement of these hypotheses. These include the following: (1) the importance of the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier basement membrane (BM) to conserving the architecture of the injured lung; (2) conversely, that the failure of reepithelialization and reendothelialization of this BM results in pathologic fibrosis; (3) transforming growth factor-β is necessary but not sufficient to the pathologic fibrosis of the lungs; (4) the role of persistent antigens in the pathogenesis of usual interstitial pneumonia; and (5) the contribution of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation and bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss these evolving conceptual mechanisms for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis relevant to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Interproduct distances in a quality-space: inexact measurement in differentiated oligopoly analysis

(1974). Interproduct distances in a quality-space: inexact measurement in differentiated oligopoly analysis. Applied Economics: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 255-273.
Identification and analysis of Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags characteristic of non-coding RNAs.

Sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome has led to the identification of thousands of new putative genes based on the predicted proteins they encode. Genes encoding tRNAs, ribosomal RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs have also been annotated; however, a potentially important class of genes has largely escaped previous annotation efforts. These genes correspond to RNAs that lack significant open reading frames and encode RNA as their final product. Accumulating evidence indicates that such “non-coding RNAs” (ncRNAs) can play critical roles in a wide range of cellular processes, including chromosomal silencing, transcriptional regulation, developmental control, and responses to stress. Approximately 15 putative Arabidopsis ncRNAs have been reported in the literature or have been annotated. Although several have homologs in other plant species, all appear to be plant specific, with the exception of signal recognition particle RNA. Conversely, none of the ncRNAs reported from yeast or animal systems have homologs in Arabidopsis or other plants. To identify additional genes that are likely to encode ncRNAs, we used computational tools to filter protein-coding genes from genes corresponding to 20,000 expressed sequence tag clones. Using this strategy, we identified 19 clones with characteristics of ncRNAs, nine putative peptide-coding RNAs with open reading frames smaller than 100 amino acids, and 11 that could not be differentiated between the two categories. Again, none of these clones had homologs outside the plant kingdom, suggesting that most Arabidopsis ncRNAs are likely plant specific. These data indicate that ncRNAs represent a significant and underdeveloped aspect of Arabidopsis genomics that deserves further study.
In Utero Transplantation for Thalassemia

In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a promising approach for the treatment of a variety of congenital hematologic diseases. Although the approach has been successful for immunodeficiency syndromes, attempts thus far to treat the hemoglobinopathies have failed. In most of these cases the late gestational age at transplantation, source of donor cells, or procedure-related complications, provide an explanation for failure. Nevertheless the biology of thalassemia, in the context of prenatal transplantation, requires examination. In contrast to postnatal bone marrow transplant regimens, engraftment after in utero transplantation requires donor cells to effectively complete for developing receptive sites in the recipient hematopoietic microenvironment. Effective prenatal treatment of thalassemia will depend on the ability of normal cells to engraft and complete in the thalassemic microenvironment. Clinical observations after bone marrow transplantation of amelioration of anemia in beta-thalassemia by relatively low degrees of mixed chimerism, and the apparent selective advantage observed for donor erythropoiesis, suggest prenatal transplantation could succeed. Prenatal strategies involving multiple transplants, donor-specific tolerance induction, and postnatal same-donor transplants should be considered.
Brain imaging abnormalities in CNS virus infections.

Unlike bacterial and fungal meningitis in which imaging abnormalities are not specific for a particular agent, many virus infections of the CNS produce MRI abnormalities not seen by any other infectious agent. The changes caused by the specific virus can also be produced by noninfectious disorders. Imaging changes must always be evaluated in conjunction with the clinical symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities, particularly the presence of a CSF pleocytosis. The purpose of this montage is to ensure that the clinician includes the specific virus in the differential diagnosis (figure). Figure Brain imaging abnormalities in CNS virus infections (A) Herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Abnormal signal and edema in the …
Heat radiosensitization and the level of DNA polymerases α and β of human colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage and myeloid leukemias sensitive and resistant to chemotherapeutic agents

In these studies, heat radiosensitization in normal human colonyforming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and several different leukemic cell lines sensitive or resistant to chemotherapeutic agents were measured. Extent of heat radiosensitization was then correlated with the level of DNA polymerases α and β in control and heat-shocked cells in order to examine whether there is a positive correlation between the degree of heat radiosensitization and the level of these enzymes. Our results show that human bone marrow CFU-GM have an x-ray response with D of 1.56 Gy and a small amount of heat radiosensitization with a thermal enhancement ratio (TER) of 1.2. K562, a human erythroleukemic cell, showed a D of 1.32 ± 0.2 Gy and TER of 1.4. However, in contrast to normal CFU-GM which showed no shoulder in the X-ray survival curve, K562 cells showed a small shoulder with a quasi-threshold dose, (Dq) of 2 Gy and n of 2. K562 cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs such as 1-β- D -arabinofuranosylcytosine and etoposide (VP-16) showed D of 1.47 ± 0.13, and 1.77 ± 0.18 Gy; Dq of 4 and 0 Gy; and n of 5 and 1; and TER of 1.6 and 2, respectively. The level of DNA polymerases α and β activity and their respective mRNA levels were approximately the same in all cells. The reduction in the level of DNA polymerase β after heat treatment however, correlated with the TER obtained for various leukemic cells. These studies indicate that normal CFU-GM and variety of human leukemic cells show only a small amount of heat radiosensitization. However, drug-resistant leukemic cells show a higher amount of heat radiosensitization than their drug-sensitive parent line. This suggests that hyperthermia may be beneficial in eradicating drug-resistant leukemic cells when combined with X-ray. Furthermore, the inactivation of DNA polymerase β activity results in a higher amount of heat radiosensitization.
Statistical interference prediction for ground stations from orbiting satellites. I. Simulation of interference duration and analytical approach for the determination of protection ratios

The authors describe simulation and analytical techniques for predicting the interference durations and protection ratios for deep-space ground stations from satellites in circular orbits. The simulation approach employs the characteristics of the ground station receivers in addition to the satellite specifications to calculate the daily statistics of the interference duration. On the other hand, the analytical method employs the ground station specifications to statistically predict the protection ratios as a function of the number of interference satellites and their associated probabilities. The results presented here can be used for both planning the missions and designing satellite communication links. The results can be also be used by spectrum managers and operations personnel to minimize the risk of harmful interference from satellites in low earth orbit to the deep space frequency band. >
Developing a Spatial Data Framework for Facility Management Supply Chains

Several studies have shown that the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) in the context of facilities management (FM) can resolve service delivery problems and provide significant benefit in cost savings and customer satisfaction. To fully utilize the benefits of SCM, the supply chain actors would require facilities’ data, suppliers’ information, and tools to share the information through a wide variety of users across the entire supply chain. Considering the wide range of spatial information used in the FM supply chain, this study develops a spatial data framework to manage data and disseminate information throughout a supply chain. The proposed framework uses building information modeling (BIM) capabilities to accurately provide existing information about the inside of a building and geographic information system (GIS) to support the wide range of spatial analysis used in the logistics perspective of the supply chain. Also, semantic web services are used to convey meaning and support the integration of information from all of these spatial, temporal and informational dimensions. The concept of the semantic web is applied in this study to provide semantic interoperability between BIM and GIS operations and to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology for the building and FM industries.
Rule Induction from Rough Approximations

Rule induction is an important technique in data mining or machine learning. Knowledge is frequently expressed by rules in many areas of artificial intelligence (AI ), including rule-based expert systems. In this chapter we discuss only supervised learning in which all cases of the input data set are pre-classified by an expert.
Effect of endotoxin on bile acid transport in rat liver: a potential model for sepsis-associated cholestasis

Intrahepatic cholestasis in the setting of extrahepatic bacterial infection has been attributed to the effects of endotoxin and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on bile acid transport. To define the mechanism of sepsis-associated cholestasis, taurocholate transport was examined in basolateral (bLPM) and canalicular (cLPM) rat liver plasma membrane vesicles derived from control and endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]-treated animals and in plasma membrane vesicles prepared after TNF-alpha treatment. Na(+)-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake and both membrane-potential-dependent and ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate transport were reduced in bLPM and cLPM vesicles, respectively, after LPS treatment. In membrane vesicles from TNF-alpha-treated animals, Na(+)-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake was also reduced. Northern blot hybridization, using cDNA probes for the putative sinusoidal bile acid transporter (Ntcp) and canalicular ecto-adenosinetriphosphatase, demonstrated decreased mRNA levels after LPS and TNF-alpha treatment. Immunoblot analysis of membrane extracts from LPS-treated animals revealed decreased levels of these putative bile acid transporters. Impaired bile acid transport at the sinusoidal and canalicular membrane domains by these and other mediators of the inflammatory response may account for sepsis-associated cholestasis.
Role of cardiac atria in the human renal response to changing plasma volume

We examined the role of cardiac atria in the renal response to sequential volume expansion and contraction, during and directly following water immersion. In immersed healthy volunteers (group 1, n = 9) atrial diameter, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and natriuresis increased, whereas renal vascular resistance (RVR) and filtration fraction declined. Each parameter changed in an opposite direction postimmersion. An analysis of transglomerular dextran transport suggests that transglomerular hydraulic pressure difference (delta P) changed in parallel with filtration fraction. Baseline atrial diameter, plasma ANP, RVR, and filtration fraction were significantly elevated in nine recipients of denervated cardiac allografts (group 2). Atrial diameter and plasma ANP changed in parallel with group 1 during and after immersion. However, corresponding reciprocal changes in RVR were smaller and filtration fraction remained constant throughout. From transglomerular dextran transport, we compute that delta P increased progressively during and after immersion, suggesting predominant efferent arteriolar tone. The postimmersed state was associated also with enhanced sodium retention despite sixfold higher plasma ANP than in group 1. These findings are consistent with an effect of cardiac denervation to leave unopposed efferent sympathetic nervous traffic to the kidney. They suggest that the latter is an important modulator of the renal response to changing plasma volume in humans.
Fluorescent Focus Assay of Viruses on Cell Monolayers in Plastic Petri Plates

SummaryThe use of plastic Petri plates for cell growth and FA staining resulted in substantial savings in time and effort, and gave more uniform results than did glass coverslips. Our results suggest that this procedure is precise and valid for quantitation. The technique was used to titrate adenovirus 2, 12, AAV and reovirus.
Acoustic energy dissipation and thermalization in carbon nanotubes: Atomistic modeling and mesoscopic description

The exchange of energy between low-frequency mechanical oscillations and high-frequency vibrational modes in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a process that plays an important role in a range of dynamic phenomena involving the dissipation of mechanical energy in both individual CNTs and CNT-based materials. The rates and channels through which acoustic energy deposited instantaneously in individual CNTs is dissipated are investigated in a series of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Several distinct regimes of energy dissipation, dependent on the initial stretching or bending deformations, are established. The onset of axial or bending buckling marks the transition from a regime of slow thermalization to a regime in which the energy associated with longitudinal and bending oscillations is rapidly damped. In the case of stretching vibrations, an intermediate regime is revealed in which dynamic coupling between longitudinal vibrational modes and the radial ``squash'' mode causes delayed axial buckling followed by a rapid transfer of energy to high-frequency vibrations. The results of the atomistic simulations are used in the design and parameterization of a ``heat bath'' description of thermal energy in a mesoscopic model, which is capable of simulating systems consisting of thousands of interacting CNTs. Two complementary methods for the description of mechanical energy dissipation in the mesoscopic model are developed. The relatively slow dissipation of acoustic vibrations in the absence of buckling is described by adding a damping force to the equations of motion of the dynamic elements of the mesoscopic model. The sharp increase in the energy dissipation rate at the onset of buckling is reproduced by incorporating a hysteresis loop into the strain energy that accounts for localized thermalization in the vicinity of buckling kinks. The ability of the mesoscopic model to reproduce the complex multistep processes of acoustic energy dissipation predicted by the atomistic simulations is demonstrated in mesoscopic simulations of free stretching and bending vibrations of individual CNTs.
MP79-17 INCREMENTAL VALUE OF PREOPERATIVE MRI IN PREDICTING OUTCOME AT RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY.

RESULTS: The median follow-up of our cohort was 52.7 months. We found large differences in BCR between all grade groupings based on both the biopsy and surgical grading. The 5-year actuarial BCR for grade groups 1-5 based on the biopsy grade were 94.2%, 89.2%, 73.1%, 63.1%, and 54.7%, respectively (p<0.00001). Similarly, the 5-year actuarial BCR based on the surgical grade was 96.1%, 93.0%, 74.0%, 64.4%, and 49.9% for grade groups 1-5, respectively (p<0.00001). Based on the biopsy grade, the hazard ratios relative to grade group 1 were 2.1, 4.8, 6.9, and 10.6 for groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and for surgical grade were 2.3, 7.3, 10.4, and 18.9. When adjusting for T-stage, pre-operative PSA, and year of treatment the new grade grouping system remained highly prognostic. The five-grade group system had a higher prognostic discrimination compared to the commonly used 3-tier system (i.e. Gleason score 6, 7, and 8-10). CONCLUSIONS: In an independent surgical cohort, we have validated the prognostic benefit of the 2015 prostate cancer 5-tier grade grouping system in respect to BCR. The benefits of the new grade groupings are numerous for both patients and clinicians to improve prognostic staging systems and risk stratification systems.
Induced Shift of the Diurnal Emergence and Calling of the Peach Tree Borer

Sanninoidea exitiosa (Say) moths were induced to emerge in synchronization with light cycles occurring both earlier and later than the solar day, Also, the time of the 1st call by female moths was similarly shifted. Moreover, moth calls on the subsequent days of adult life were rescheduled to synchronize with a different light cycle than the one that prevailed when they emerged and made their 1st call.
Differential expression of CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin) by mononuclear phagocyte populations

CD43 is a hematopoietic cell antigen whose distribution includes T lymphocytes, plasma cells, neu- trophils, and platelets. Although it has been detected on peripheral blood monocytes, its expression by other mononuclear phagocytes has not been well documented. Possible changes in monocyte/macrophage CD43 expres- sion in response to inflammation are also poorly defined. To examine these questions, the expression of CD43 by rat peripheral blood monocytes and both resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages was examined. By flow cytometry with two anti-CD43 monoclonal antibodies, blood monocytes were found to express large amounts of surface CD43, whereas surface CD43 expression by resi- dent peritoneal macrophages was negligible. Peritoneal macrophage populations elicited by intraperitoneal injec- tion of thioglycollate were uniformly positive for surface CD43, although the level of expression was lower than that found on monocytes. By labeling resident macro- phages with a fluorescent tracer dye, this phenotypic shift was found to reflect an influx of CD43-positive elicited macrophages coupled with a disappearance of CD43-negative resident cells. Evidence from both flow cytometry and Western blotting studies suggests that the CD43 expressed by elicited peritoneal macrophages is less heavily sialylated than that expressed by blood monocytes. These findings, coupled with recent evidence that CD43 influences cellular adhesion, indicate that differential cx- pression of CD43 may play a role in monocyte/macro- phage trafficking. J. Lcukoc. Biol. 55: 536-344; 1994.
Statistics and Analysis of Transmission Lines Icing Data Based on Online Monitoring System

Transmission line online monitoring system can monitor the real-time icing condition of overhead transmission lines.We obtained characteristics and aggregation types of icing data on the basis of the icing data measured from an online monitoring system.It is found that most measuring terminals generally record ice more than 2mm thick only,and the wind speed and wind direction cannot be measured under icing condition.Valid icing data mainly gathers in four types,including the short-term oscillation,the short and medium term maintenance,the long-term maintenance,and the whole icing process,in which the whole icing process including obvious ice growing and melting periods has the biggest threats to transmission lines.Moreover,in the absence of some meteorological variables such as wind speed and direction,the icing tendency in low-temperature and high-humid environment is analyzed,revealing that the icing increment per quarter approximately follows a normal distribution with an average of zero,over-kurtosis and positive-skewness.Moreover,the icing weight increases linearly in growing period,which is better fitted by equations of linear function than that of exponential function.Conclusions can be drawn that:only the ice which is formed under long-term,low temperature,and freezing weather with rain and snow is likely to threaten the transmission lines;the icing increment per quarter approximately follows a normal distribution;in the steady icing growing period,the increment of icing quality shows a very strong linear relationship with time which can be used for icing prediction by constructing linearly increasing models.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of n-SiC_p/1350 Composites Extruded Bars from Low Frequency Electromagnetic Casting Ingot

The n-SiCp/1350 composites hot extruded bars were prepared by low frequency electromagnetic casting and hot backward extrusion process.The microstructure,mechanical properties,hardness and conductivity of the composites before and after hot backward extrusion were investigated by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),tensile,hardness and conductivity test.The results show that the surface of the LFEC composite ingots is much better than the DC ingots;the n-SiCpin LFEC composite distribute more uniformly than the DC composite,while the n-SiCpare segregated significantly during the solidification process with 1.0-3.5μm size finally;the average diameter of the LFEC composite ingots is smaller than the DC composite ingots.Tensile test indicate that the tensile strength 140.5MPa and elongation 24.7%of the LFEC composites extruded bars is obviously greater than the DC ones′132.5MPa and 20%.After hot extrusion process,hardness figure 32 HV of the LFEC composites extruded bars is a little higher than the DC bars′number 30 HV,the conductivity figure 54.3%IACS of the LFEC bars is a little lower than the DC ones′number 54.6%IACS.
The method and application of vehicle body complex surface modeling

Vehicle body consists of complicated spatial free-form surface.During the development of car design,the design of its body is the important factor which will decide whether this design is successfulor not.But the design of complex curve and curve surface is the core in the CAD of vehicle body.It is the key skill to speed up the localization and originality of imported products that the design thought or object prototype can be changed into CAD models.The features and the main problems for modeling of car body surfact are analoyzed by introducing the reverse engineering methods,such as the geometric modeling methods of the whole shape,parameter,design pqper and 3D measuring and discussing the principles,processes and methods of its modeling techniques.
Differentiating the acute scrotum.

Diagnosis is particularly urgent for patients with torsion, which mandates prompt surgery for testicular salvage.
Catecholamines and cardiovascular function in aging

When perspectives from studies that range from measurements of the stress response in intact humans to measurements of subcellular biochemistry in animal models are integrated, a diminished responsiveness to s-adrenergic modulation is among the most notable changes that occur in the cardiovascular system with advancing age. In contrast, a-adrenergic responsiveness, of the vasculature at least, appears to remain intact. It is noteworthy that a diminished effectiveness of some aspects of autonomic modulation has been demonstrated in many other body organs as well. The precise molecular mechanisms for the age effects remain to be explained (as do the precise mechanisms of catecholamine modulation of cell function per se), and these mechanisms need not be the same from one tissue to the next, or from one age period to another within the same tissue. An elucidation of these mechanisms that result in a diminution in the effectiveness of s-adrenergic modulation of cardiovascular function with aging and a determination of whether this can in part be reversed or prevented by changes in life-style (for example, physical activity or modification of nutrition) require additional investigation.
The Pragmatics of International History

This review builds on a renewed interest in the history of relations among states and peoples among International Relations scholars. Disappointed by the relative unproductiveness of more formalistic modes of analysis, there is a return to the History of International Relations, a core subject in the curricula of European universities. Since the pathways to knowledge in history lead to representations of reality mediated through subjective interpretations, this review explores on what basis and by what logic we can accept or reject the validity of the proffered interpretations. It examines the “positivist dispute” that agitated German scholars during the last half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th and lives on today in the arguments among traditionalists and scientists in American International Relations. It also reports on the contemporary assault on the correspondence theory of truth and concludes with an exploration of pragmatic or useful truth and the need for intellectual conversation among discourses.
Can environmental attributes influence protected area designation? A case study valuing preferences for springs in Grand Canyon National Park

Springs in Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) provide water to over 6 million visitors per year. In addition to use value for visitors, springs have cultural value to indigenous peoples and provide critical habitat for plants and animals. Finally, base flow to the Colorado River is dependent upon springs and they also provide an important water source for backcountry recreation. Climate change, uranium mining, and increased groundwater pumping threaten the continued viability of Grand Canyon springs. Springs protection is at the forefront of proposed national policy to protect the area of the aquifers contributing to springs of the Grand Canyon outside of the designated boundaries of the national park. To date very little research on the non-market values of springs has been conducted, and no research has estimated non-market values of springs within Grand Canyon National Park using a Choice Experiment (CE). We conduct a nationwide online Choice Experiment to determine willingness to pay (WTP) to protect backcountry springs and attributes including; accessibility, suitability as a back country water source, suitability as habitat for species of concern, aesthetics, and significance to Indigenous Nations. We estimate a Bayesian mixed logit, and find an average willingness to pay of $32.60 per household for a spring with the presence of all five attributes. The habitat attribute produces the highest WTP of $14.80. We find WTP of $4.50 for springs with cultural significance. Results from our study could be instrumental in designation of the Grand Canyon National Heritage Monument. In addition, our results indicate that careful consideration of watershed services on public lands is essential for efficient decision-making regarding protection of public lands.
Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Molecular Biology Approach with TRAIL

Definitive treatment of prostate cancer is limited to radical surgery or radiation therapy for localized or regional disease. Localized therapy of solid tumors has been successful in a number of settings, and the treatment of prostate cancer with local (intraprostatic) regimens, such as cryotherapy and brachytherapy, is a common practice. Gene transfer technology offers the potential for the development of new therapies for prostate cancer, with several experimental viral-based studies serving as current treatment options. Of the viral-based therapies, published data indicate minimal toxicity for adenovirus (Ad) injection into the prostate up to doses of 1011 plaque-forming units (pfu). Recombinant Ad vectors infect a wide range of proliferating and quiescent cell types, making this gene delivery system a suitable tool for studying diseases, vaccine therapy, and potential clinical use. Moreover, recombinant Ad is structurally stable and can be prepared and purified to high titers, and wild-type Ad infections are extremely common in the general population, giving Ad a well-documented safety record. Our group has been investigating the potential of a recombinant, replication-deficient adenoviral vector encoding the cDNA for the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Ad5-TRAIL) as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer. Ad5-TRAIL infection results in the rapid transcription and translation of the transferred TRAIL cDNA into functional TRAIL protein that, when expressed on the cell surface, induces apoptotic death in TRAIL-sensitive prostate tumor cell targets but not normal prostate cells. This chapter outlines the use of Ad gene transfer technology as a novel focal therapy for prostate cancer.
A gripping end to NF-kappa B.

Crystal structures of the p50 subunit of transcription factor NF-κB bound to DNA reveal the remarkable way the protein uses loops to recognize DNA and how it presents a surface for interaction with other factors.
Rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients undergoing mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ with and without micro-invasion.

1065Background: Patients treated with mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) due to the concern for invasive cancer on final histology and difficulty performing SLNB post mastectomy. However, the documented rate of positive SLN in patients with DCIS is about 1.3-13%. The purpose of the present study is to determine the rate of positive SLN in patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy and to identify risk factors for positive SLN. Methods: Retrospective chart review included 377 patients treated with mastectomy for DCIS or DCIS-M registered within the Northwestern University Bioinformatics Center from 2000 to 2015. Correlation between patient and histologic features in relation to positive SLN was evaluated using univariate analysis. Results: Of the 377 patients evaluated 10 women had SN positivity, 2 with isolated tumor cells, 5 with macrometastasis, and 3 with micrometastasis. Only one patient had non-SN involvement (for a total of 3 nodes). The overall ra...
Continuity of Nutrition Care

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe a method to improve the continuity of nutrition care. As length of stay in the acute care setting decreases and care is shifted to the home, long term care and rehabilitation settings, it becomes imperative for dietitians to develop methods to improve the continuity of nutrition care. At a 747 acute care hospital, a system was developed to communicate pertinent nutrition information post acute care discharge. A task force, including dietitians from acute and post acute care facilities, identified key components needed for effective continuity of nutrition care. The five most useful components identified were: diet order at the time of discharge; albumin level and dietitian concerns eight days or less prior to discharge; recent or changed weight, in addition to height and food intolerances and allergies. In addition to creating a tool which included the identified important components, the task force agreed upon a standardized approach to providing nutrition education. At present, the communication tool is routinely being used and is being faxed by the acute care dietitian to the receiving facility dietitian. Standardization of nutrition education has been accomplished by reviewing and selecting appropriate materials. In summary, a system such as the one described can be effectively implemented to create a collaborative and systematic approach to the continuity of nutrition care.