cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NOT JUST BODIES Strategies for Desexualizing the Physical Examination of Patients

Health care professionals use strategies during the physical examination to stay in control of their feelings, the behaviors of their patients, and to avoid allegations of sexual misconduct. To investigate how health care practitioners desexualize physical exams, the authors conducted 70 in-depth interviews with physicians and nurses. Three desexualizing strategies were general ones, used by both male and female health care providers, and were employed regardless of the characteristics of the patients: engaging in conversation and nonsexual joking, meeting the patient clothed before the exam, and using medical rather than colloquial terms. Six strategies were used only in specific contexts or were used primarily by men or women. These gendered strategies include using a chaperone, objectifying the patient, empathizing with the patient, joking about sex, threatening the patient, and looking professional. The authors conclude that desexualizing the exam is gendered and, in some contexts, (hetero) sexualized...
Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurements for the Enhancement of State Estimation

This paper presents a phasor measurements placement algorithm which enhances the accuracy of the state estimation solutions and increases local redundancy. The algorithm developed determines a list of buses with low local redundancy and a list of buses with low state estimator accuracy. The optimal placement of phasor measurements is determined by a ranking of group of buses which are determined with respect to the characteristics of phasor measurements. Test results on the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus IEEE test system are provided
Mother-Reported Parental Weight Talk and Adolescent Girls' Emotional Health, Weight Control Attempts, and Disordered Eating Behaviors

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationships between mothers’ report of parental weight talk about her daughter, herself, and others, and adolescent girls’ weight-related behaviors and cognitions among a socio-demographically diverse population of mothers and their adolescent daughters. Data were drawn from the baseline assessment of 218 mother/adolescent daughter dyads. Mothers completed survey items regarding the frequency of weight talk by parents, and girls completed survey items assessing outcomes including body dissatisfaction, depressive symptomology, use of extreme weight control methods, and binge eating. More frequent comments to daughters about their weight were associated with higher depressive symptomology (p = 0.041), greater prevalence of extreme weight control behaviors (p = 0.040), and greater prevalence of binge eating (p = 0.048) among girls after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics and girls’ standardized body mass index (BMI). For example, among girls whose parents never commented on their weight, 4.2% reported use of any extreme weight control behaviors, while 23.2% of girls whose parents frequently commented on their weight reported use of any of these behaviors. Mothers’ more frequent talk about their own weight, shape, or size was associated with lower self-worth (p = 0.007) and higher depressive symptomology (p = 0.004) among girls. Frequent parental weight talk as perceived by mothers was associated with adolescent girls’ use of harmful weight control methods and poor psychological health, while no associations were found between weight talk and girls’ use of healthful weight control strategies. Interventions that help parents create a family environment that supports healthful activities while reducing weight-related talk may be particularly effective in decreasing the prevalence of harmful outcomes among adolescent girls.
CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC BINDERS

Modulus of rupture, loss on tumbling, migration, water absorption, and burn-out characteristics were studied using a series of organic compounds representative of the types used as binders for ceramic materials. The results are interpreted in terms of the constitution of the organic compounds and in terms of the mechanism of specific adhesion. The binding strength of an organic material may be predicted from a knowledge of its molecular constitution.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation Test During High-Dose Glucocorticoid Therapy

Objective: To define the effective time frame of adequate serum cortisol response to the short standard 250-μg adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test (ACTH-ST) after initiation of high-dose g...
Large-Eddy Simulation of Swirl-Stabilized Spray Combustion

Large-Eddy Simulation of swirl-stabilized flow in a laboratory combustor have been performed for non-reacting and reacting conditions and both gas- and liquid-phase results are compared with available data. Dynamic model is employed for momentum subgrid closure in this study. Additionally, simulations with two reaction rate closures are performed and compared. Results for non-reacting case show the presence of vortex breakdown bubble (VBB) in the center-line region with two corner recirculation zones past the dump plane. Non-reacting comparisons with measurements for both mean and RMS show good agreement. Reacting simulations show presence of stronger but smaller VBB in the center-line region. Overall, reacting comparisons with measurements are also in reasonable agreement. Time-averaged flow visualization in form of streamlines indicate that the non-reacting flow rotates twice as much from the inflow to outflow boundary than the reacting case. Droplet data show good agreement for particle velocity profiles and reasonable trends for the SMD variation.
Determining Minimum Habitat Areas and Habitat Corridors for Cougars

I simulated population dynamics of cougars to predict tbe minimum areas and levels of immigration needed to avoid population extinction caused by demo- graphic and environmental stochasticity for a period of 100 years Under mostplausible parameter values, the modelpre- dicted vety low extinction risk in areas as small as 2200 km2, and (in the absence of immigration) increasing risk as area decreased below 2200 km2. If as few as one to four animals per decade could immigrate into a small popula- tion, the probability of population persistence increased markedly. Thus a corrmdor for immigration will benefit a small population in an area where further loss of habitat will occur. The model was applied to the cougar population in the Santa Ana Mountain Range of soutbern California (2070 km2, uwth about 20 adults). Field data support the model's conclusion that tbis population is demographically unsta- ble There will be a high risk of extinction if the babitat is reduced to currently protected and connected areas (1114
Why does genitourinary tuberculosis occur less often than might be expected in the ethnic Indian subcontinent population living in the United Kingdom

Summary Genitourinary tuberculosis is the only non-respiratory form of the disease which occurs more often in the white ethnic group than in the Indian Subcontinent (ISC) ethnic group as shown by national tuberculosis surveys of England and Wales. Analysis of non-respiratory tuberculosis in a district where 70 % of the notified cases were of ISC ethnic origin, showed that the ethnic distribution of genitourinary tuberculosis was different from all other forms of non-respiratory tuberculosis, in that > 80 % cases were of white ethnic origin, whereas for all other sites 70 % or greater were of ISC ethnic origin. Factors which may account for this difference are discussed.
Frequency Domain Limitations in the Design of Nonnegative Impulse Response Filters

This paper provides a fundamental characterization of nonnegative impulse response (NNIR) filters. The analysis is performed in terms of both geometrically and equidistantly spaced frequencies. Various inferences on the frequency domain limitations in NNIR filter design are analyzed. It is found that a performance boundary exists for NNIR lowpass filters independent of the system order. A specification test procedure is also provided for NNIR lowpass filters based on these analyses. The results are presented for systems in the discrete-time (D-T) domain, although equivalent results exist for systems in the continuous-time domain.
Psychiatric Illness After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

Abstract Massagli TL, Fann JR, Burington BE, Jaffe KM, Katon WJ, Thompson RS. Psychiatric illness after mild traumatic brain injury in children. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1428–34. Objective To determine the incidence of psychiatric illness 3 years after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. Design Prospective cohort study with 3-year follow-up. Setting Emergency department, hospital, and outpatient clinics in a large health maintenance organization. Participants Children, 14 years old or less (n=490), who sustained a mild TBI in 1993. Three TBI unexposed subjects per TBI exposed patient were matched by sex, age, and enrollment at the time of injury (n=1470). Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Computerized records were examined to identify psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric medication prescription, and utilization of psychiatric services for the year before TBI and 3 years after. Adjusted relative risks for incidence of psychiatric illness were estimated for those with and without a premorbid psychiatric disorder. Results The cumulative incidence estimates for any psychiatric illness in the 3 years after mild TBI were 30% in children exposed to mild TBI and 20% in unexposed children ( P =.0001). Cumulative incidence estimates were particularly high in both TBI exposed (55%) and unexposed children (63%) who had psychiatric illness in the year before the index TBI (psychiatric history). The exposed and unexposed children with psychiatric history did not have significantly different estimates of incidence during follow-up for any of the studied indicators of psychiatric illness. In those with no psychiatric history, 26% of exposed and 16% of unexposed children ( P Conclusions In the 3 years after mild TBI, children with no evidence of prior-year psychiatric history were at significantly increased risk for psychiatric illness, particularly hyperactivity in the first year after injury. Prior-year psychiatric history conferred a significant independent risk for subsequent psychiatric illness. There was no evidence for an additional increase in risk in the 3-year follow-up that is attributable to mild TBI in children with prior psychiatric history.
Shared Sensing and Communications in Sensor Networks : The Multihop Case

A joint sensing/communication problem is considered for sensor networks. Herein, the channel(s) between a source and destination are the parameters to be sensed and communicated over the network. Lower bounds on the end-to-end distortion are developed for a multihop, linear network. Inter-node communication is assumed to be done via an encode-and-forward approach. For a many-to-one topology with two hops, data aggregation and time-division communication approaches are compared. Asymptotic in the SNR, it is shown that a time-division approach is superior.
Display design to support awareness during emergency medical teamwork

This research statement emphasizes the need to understand the challenges, outcomes, and implications of designing information displays to support ad hoc, interdisciplinary teams during emergency medical situations. The outcomes of this research have implications for CSCW researchers interested in using a participatory design approach to develop information systems to support the awareness of diverse users. Preliminary results describe four facets of awareness teams manage during emergency resuscitations that should be supported through display design.
Signature Size, Sex, and Status in Iran.

(1978). Signature Size, Sex, and Status in Iran. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 106, No. 2, pp. 273-274.
Academic attainment during commitment and postrelease education-related outcomes of juvenile justice-involved youth with and without disabilities

Youth with disabilities are disproportionately represented in juvenile justice populations and their education-related outcomes and rates of high school graduation are poor. This study examined academic characteristics of youth with and without disabilities (N = 4,066) and reports on the education-related outcomes of these youth 3 years after release from juvenile justice facilities in Florida. During commitment, youth with disabilities earned high school credits and grade point averages on par with their peers without disabilities. The number of credits earned during commitment improved the likelihood that youth returned to school after release. However, only 44% of the school-age cohort returned to school after release. Students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) and learning disabilities (LD) returned to school at higher rates but did not maintain gains made during commitment as they earned significantly fewer high school diplomas after return to school. Implications for transition practice are ...
Twenty First Century Defense Acquisition: Challenges and Opportunities

This article is the first in a series that will examine the complexities associated with defense acquisition decision-making in the twenty-first century. Budget constraints, political dynamics, cooperative alliances, and changing requirements pose particular— and often unique—challenges. This series of articles is intended to offer systemic “models” for effecting good acquisition decisions, provoke new ideas, and encourage dialogue across national borders on matters of defense acquisition. This first article examines the use of a formal acquisition strategy methodology as a means of reducing uncertainty in defense acquisition decision-making and selecting the best alternative toward achieving a capability.
Dissociating ‘what’ and ‘how’ in visual form agnosia: a computational investigation

Patients with visual form agnosia exhibit a profound impairment in shape perception (what an object is) coupled with intact visuomotor functions (how to act on an object), demonstrating a dissociation between visual perception and action. How can these patients act on objects that they cannot perceive? Although two explanations of this ‘what–how’ dissociation have been offered, each explanation has shortcomings. A ‘pathway information’ account of the ‘what–how’ dissociation is presented in this paper. This account hypothesizes that ‘where’ and ‘how’ tasks require less information than ‘what’ tasks, thereby allowing ‘where/how’ to remain relatively spared in the face of neurological damage. Simulations with a neural network model test the predictions of the pathway information account. Following damage to an input layer common to the ‘what’ and ‘where/how’ pathways, the model performs object identification more poorly than spatial localization. Thus, the model offers a parsimonious explanation of differential ‘what–how’ performance in visual form agnosia. The simulation results are discussed in terms of their implications for visual form agnosia and other neuropsychological syndromes. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Constraints on the U-Pb isotopic systematics of Mars inferred from a combined U-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd isotopic study of the Martian meteorite Zagami

Uranium-lead, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses have been performed on the same whole-rock, mineral, and leachate fractions of the basaltic martian meteorite Zagami to better constrain the U-Pb isotopic systematics of martian materials. Although the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd systems define concordant crystallization ages of 166 ± 6 Ma and 166 ± 12 Ma, respectively, the U-Pb isotopic system is disturbed. Nevertheless, an age of 156 ± 6 Ma is derived from the 238U-206Pb isotopic system from the purest mineral fractions (maskelynite and pyroxene). The concordance of these three ages suggest that the 238U-206Pb systematics of the purest Zagami mineral fractions have been minimally disturbed by alteration and impact processes, and can therefore be used to constrain the behavior of U and Pb in the Zagami source region. The μ value of the Zagami source region can be estimated, with some confidence from the 238U-206Pb isochron, to be 3.96 ± 0.02. Disturbance of the U-Pb isotopic systems means that this represents a minimum value. The μ value of the Zagami source is significantly lower than the μ values estimated for most basaltic magma sources from Earth and the Moon. This is surprising given the high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.721566 ± 82) and low initial eNd value (−7.23 ± 0.17) determined for Zagami that indicate that this sample is derived from one of the most highly fractionated reservoirs from any known planetary body. This suggests that Mars is characterized by a low bulk planet U/Pb ratio, a feature that is consistent with its relatively volatile-rich nature. The leachates contain terrestrial common Pb that was probably added to the meteorite during handling, curation, or sawing. The mineral fractions, particularly those with significant amounts of impact melt glass, contain a second contaminant. The presence of this contaminant results in Pb-Pb ages that are older than the crystallization age of Zagami, indicating that the contaminant is characterized by a high 207Pb/206Pb ratio. Such a contaminant could be produced by removal of single-stage Pb from a relatively high μ martian reservoir before ∼1.8 Ga, and therefore could be an ancient manifestation of hydrous alteration of martian surface material.
Die Chromsäure-Oxydation von Cycloheptatrien

Die Oxydation von Cycloheptatrien mit Chromsaure fuhrt zur Bildung von Benzoesaure. Bei Verwendung von 14C-markiertem Cycloheptatrien deutet die Verteilung der 14C-Aktivitaten zwischen Carboxylgruppe und aromatischem Ring der Benzoesaure auf das Auftreten eines Tropylium-Kations als Zwischenstufe der Reaktion.
A note on the nature of Soviet totalitarianism

(1982). A note on the nature of Soviet totalitarianism. Soviet Studies: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 367-376.
The Immigration Debate in Texas

The failure of the US Congress to deal with immigration reform prompted many state and local governments to craft their own responses to the presence of large and growing numbers of undocumented residents within their territory. This corresponds to a generalized tradition in American public policy—whenever the federal government fails to deal with an issue, the states step in and begin to experiment with various policies that fit the local reality. The responses to undocumented immigration varied by state, as should be expected, with some being relatively liberal and welcoming and others highly castigatory and hostile to unauthorized immigrants.
Evaluation of Postgraduate Dental Specialty Residents: A Survey of Program Directors

The professional dental literature is lacking in information concerning the use of technology in evaluation procedures utilized in postgraduate dental education. The purpose of this study was to identify the methods of evaluation of U.S. postgraduate specialty residents currently in place. The study also sought to determine if there were any patterns among programs more likely to utilize electronic submission in the evaluation process. An electronic survey consisting of eighteen questions was sent to the program directors of all accredited U.S. dental specialty programs (n=416). The survey yielded 150 responses, for a 36 percent response rate. The results showed that the majority of responding program directors (68 percent) evaluate their residents using a hardcopy evaluation instrument, while a minority of directors (32 percent) reported using an electronic evaluation instrument. The majority of respondents (58 percent) said they require faculty members to formally evaluate residents semiannually. Fifty percent of responding program directors reported a need for improvement in their current evaluation system. Those reporting a need for improvement were less likely to be using an electronic format. There was no statistical significance between faculty responsiveness and the mode of evaluation used. With many program directors reporting room for improvement in their current evaluation system, innovation in the evaluation systems of postgraduate dental education is needed.
Intracellular PO2 in long axis of individual fibers in working dog gracilis muscle.

Dog gracilis muscles were frozen in situ during twitch contraction at 25–100% of aerobic capacity. O2 saturation of myoglobin (Mb) was determined from spectrophotometric measurements along individu...
Quantitative mineralogical analysis using the Rietveld full-pattern fitting method

Ansrnlcr Quantitative phase analysis of a number of multicomponent standard and natural mineral mixtures has been done using an adaptation of the Rietveld method. Binary mixtures (most 50:50 by weight) of corundum with quartz, hematite, ilmenite, magnetite, biotite, analcime, mordenite, or clinoptilolite were analyzed,using digital powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. In addition, a suite of standard mixtures of hematite and corundum, a natural feldspar mixture, the G-l standard granite, two natural bauxite samples, and a mixture of biogenic carbonate minerals were also analyzed. Quantitative information was extracted from refined individual scale factors and unit-cell voiumes (derived from refined unit-cell parameters), obtained with a Rietveld refinement program modified to analyze up to ten phases. The quantitative results for standard mixtures were within 2.50/o (absolute) of the true values, with the exception of the hematite, ilmenite, and magnetite mixtures. Results for the latter mixtures using CuKa data were severely afected by microabsorption, but analysis of the hematite mixtures using FeKa radiation gave results with absolute errors <2010. Results for the G-l granite and the natural feldspar agreed well with optically determined modes, and the method facilitated separation of the significant overlaps in the pattern of the carbonate minerals. Quantitative mineralogical analysis by the Rietveld method has several significant advantages over conventional methods of quantitative analysis. The method uses all intensity data in a pattern rather than a few of the most intense reflections, partially compensating for preferred orientation and extinction. In addition, standard dala are calculated for each phase during analysis, overcoming the troublesome requirement of obtaining standards representative of the materials in an unknown. It is also possible to gain a wealth of information from each sample in addition to amounts of phases. Because some of the most troublesome systematic errors, including sample displacement and zero-point shift, can be refined, the method yields unit-cell parameters of an accuracy comparable with that obtained when using an internal d-value standard. The method should find a wide application in geology, including in modal analysis and compositional determinations of individual mineral components using unit-cell parameter systematics.
Toxicity, bioconcentration, and depuration of the herbicide bolero 8EC in freshwater invertebrates and fish.

Bolero 8EC, a herbicide used in rece culture, was moderately toxic to four species of aquatic invertebrates and three species of freshwater fishes in actute toxicity tests. The 96-h LC50's or 48-h LC50's ranged from 1.0 to 6.5mg/l for amphipods Gammarus pseudoimnaeus, daphnids Daphnia magna, juvenile crayfish Orconectes nais, and mature red crayfish Procambarus clarki and from 1.2 to 2.3 mg/l for rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, bluegills Lepomis macrochirus, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Bioconcentration of 14C-Bolero during a five day exposure ranged from 10 to 168 for four species of invertebrates and from 48 to 471 for four species of fish. Residues of the herbicide(14C-Bolero) were rapidly eliminated when fish and invertebrates were placed into fresh water. More than 50 percent of the total 14C-radioactivity was eliminated within 24 h by all organisms tested except the red cryafish whose residues in tail tissues declined by 50 percent within 10 days. Judging by the moderately acute toxicity, low bioconcentration, and rapid elimination of residues in fresh water, we suggest that the use of Bolero 8EC will probably result in little environmental hazard to freshwater organisms.
Study of Ohmic Contacts on P-Type ZnSe and ZnSe Epitaxial Layers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

To study the formation of ohmic contacts, several metals have been deposited on p-types ZnTe and ZnSe epitaxial layers. The metals were deposited on the layers either by simple evaporation or by electroplating. The current-voltage characteristics associated with each metal contact were measured. The preliminary results of these measurements indicate that electroplating is a better technique for making ohmic contact to these layers.
The Genera of Hydnaceae

The family Hydnaceae, as ordinarily defined, is held to include all autobasidiomycetes in which the hymenium is borne upon downward directed spines, warts or folds. As thus defined most of the genera and species are clearly separated from those of re? lated families. Intermediate forms do occur, however, grading into the Polyporaceae on the one hand and the Thelephoraceae on the other. This fact has influenced various attempts to make the boundaries of the family more distinct. Since the time of Fries, our knowledge of the internal structure and reproduction of these fungi has been greatly increased and it has been necessary to make many changes in taxonomic treatment. The lack of agreement in current literature as to what constitutes the most precise or convenient classification is due largely to our still meager knowl? edge of the natural relationships among these fungi. The family has been insufficiently studied and, therefore, any scheme of classification applied to it must be regarded as tentative. The removal of certain genera and species apparently related to the Polyporaceae but included in the Hydnaceae of Fries and his predecessors was suggested first in 1821 by the work of S. F. Gray.1 He erected the Sistotremideae on Sistotrema, Cerrena and Xylodon, and characterized the new family as " thallus leatherlike; hymenium at first meandering, porous, becoming toothed; teeth lamellar, torn." In 1879 Karsten transferred Irpex, Sistotrema and Phlebia to the Polyporaceae. Patouillard in 1900 included Phlebia, Hydnochaete, Lopharia, Sistotrema and species of Irpex among the polypores. Weir and Hubert (1918) comment on the daedaloid character of the young sporophore of Echinodontium.
The quality of human embryo growth is improved when embryos are cultured in groups rather than separately.

Objective To determine the effect of culturing human embryos in groups on cleavage rates, morphology grades, and embryo scores when compared with embryos cultured singly. Design Prospective. Setting The IVF-ET program of the Pennsylvania State University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Patients Fifty-five infertile women who each had at least five zygotes inderwent IVF-ET. Interventions Zygotes from each patient were allocated to be cultured singly and in groups. Main Outcome Measures Cleavage rate, morphology grade, and embryo score. Results Grouping embryos significantly enhanced cleavage rates and embryo scores but not morphology grade as compared with embryos grown singly. Additionally, the size of the groups correlated positively with cell number and embryo score but not the morphology grade. Conclusion Culturing human embryos in groups enhances the quality of their growth by increasing the cleavage rates and embryo scores. Because pregnancy rates are improved by transferring embryos with higher embryo scores, coculturing human embryos may be a way of enhancing pregnancy rates.
On the Hausdorff distance and some openings between Banach spaces as Borel functions

AbstractIn these notes we show that the infinite valued Hausdorff distance δH: F (X)2 → [0, 8] is Borel. Also, it is shown that the spherical opening, the geometric opening and the ball opening are Borel functions from SB2 to [0, 1], where SB stands for the standard coding of separable Banach spaces as closed subspaces of C (∆) endowed with the Effros-Borel structure. Also, we discuss the Borel complexity of the Banach-Mazur distance, and we show that its restriction to finite dimensional Banach spaces is Borel.
Semidifferentials, quadratic forms and fully nonlinear elliptic equations of second order

Abstract We study the function u ( x ) – v ( y ) − λ 2 ‖ x – y ‖ 2 to second order, when u is u. s. c. and v is l. s. c., near a point ( x ˆ , y ˆ ) where the maximum is attained. We obtain a sharpening of a result of P.-L. Lions and H. Ishii which implies comparison results for fully nonlinear elliptic equations of second order.
20–30 GHz mixer-first receiver in 45-nm SOI CMOS

A 20–30 GHz mixer-first receiver implemented in 45-nm SOI CMOS is presented. The receiver employs four-phase passive mixing with input inductor to realize tunable impedance matching up to 30 GHz. The receiver achieves an 8-dB noise figure with reconfigurable 8.9 to 20.6-dB conversion gain and 2∶1 impedance tuning range. Input 1-dB compression point ranges from −13 to −9.3 dBm and power consumption is 41 mW.
University–Industry Linkages in the Support of Biotechnology Discoveries

This review summarizes the theoretical and empirical literature on the importance of linkages between universities and industries in the development of commercial applications of biotechnology. These linkages range from formal agreements, such as patent licenses and research alliances, to informal collaborations, such as joint research, copublication, and consulting. Because biotechnology involves a new research method, the tacit knowledge embedded in it became critical to its commercialization. Specifically, it requires the direct involvement of star scientists who have this tacit knowledge and are well remunerated for it. This process is facilitated by the passage of the Bayh–Dole Act, which allows universities to retain ownership of crucial patents and provides incentives to the star scientists to cooperate in development and commercialization. Over time, a complex web of collaborations and alliances has evolved in therapeutic, diagnostic, and pharmaceutical biotechnology, whereas extensive consolidati...
Seismic hazard maps in Serbia

Abstract Mapping seismic hazard parameters for use in earthquake-resistant design must satisfy the guidelines for performance-based design (PBD). At present, PBD requires specification of two spectral amplitudes, one in which the structure will remain essentially linear, with system period T l i n e a r , and the other in which it may undergo a nonlinear response and will vibrate with longer-system period T n o n l i n e a r . These requirements cannot be satisfied via one (same) fixed spectral shape, and such spectra cannot be scaled by peak ground acceleration. Another source of difficulty in the selection of the PBD-design amplitudes occurs when the standard spectrum shape is not capable of describing excitation from large distant earthquakes. In this paper we illustrate these problems by examining Serbia seismic hazard maps and show that scaling design ground motion via peak ground acceleration and fixed shape spectra lead to serious underestimation of long-period spectral amplitudes. We show how mapping of seismic hazard based on our method, which uses Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) eliminates these difficulties.
Opinion: Valuation, liquidity price, and stability of cryptocurrencies.

The spectacular rise of Bitcoin's price has attracted the attention of many, including government regulators and speculators and those who wish to use a virtual currency, often with little trace or record (1). On October 13, 2017, Bitcoin's market capitalization (the number of Bitcoins multiplied by the trading price) surpassed both Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley as it catapulted past $96 billion, a ninefold increase over the previous year (Fig. 1). Governments have floundered as they scramble to control cryptocurrencies (2⇓–4). Fig. 1. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are not likely to remain stable. Image courtesy of Shutterstock/PixieMe. Many currencies and speculative instruments have evolved in modern times. However, we believe that the basic requirements for currencies and speculative assets are mutually exclusive. The former requires stability, namely, that tomorrow's purchasing power of the given currency should be nearly identical to today's. Prolonged stability, however, usually terminates the speculative interest in an asset. Thus far, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and some other cryptocurrencies seem to satisfy the conditions for speculation. But, in our opinion, stability will not easily materialize. We argue that an asset that has no value by traditional measures will tend to trade at a price that is determined largely by the fraction, L , of the amount of dollars available for the asset divided by the total number of units of the asset. This conclusion is deduced from mathematical modeling and economics experiments that we discuss below. Both strongly suggest that stability will be lacking, so the cryptocurrencies may be simply a mechanism for a transfer of wealth from the late-comers to the early entrants and nimble traders. From an academic perspective, there is a growing sense that this is a new bubble, much like those before: the housing bubble of 2008, the Internet bubble of 1999, the … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: carey_caginalp{at}alumni.brown.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A qualitative exploration of the barriers and bridges to accessing community-based K-12 outdoor environmental education programming

The purpose of this study was to explore factors impeding or enabling 4th grade access to a community-based outdoor environmental education (OEE) organization located in the pacific northwest United States called the Children’s Forest, an initiative of the United States Forest Service. Qualitative findings indicated that teachers and administrators face significant dilemmas when having to make OEE curricular decisions in the context of broader educational mandates. Key findings suggest that OEE program staff can utilize policy-driven mandates to facilitate OEE participation and that savvy individual teachers can potentially help schools overcome policy-related, institutional, and interpersonal barriers to OEE participation. Further research is needed to corroborate and identify additional bridges and barriers that might impact diverse K-12 educator access to community-based OEE. Nonetheless, key learnings emerged from this study echoing past research and providing additional implications for future OEE practice and research.
A young woman with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in a benign-appearing endometrial polyp

![Figure][1] A 28-year-old, otherwise asymptomatic, woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding was evaluated with hysteroscopic biopsy of a polyp that showed mild stromal chronic inflammation and scattered foci of atypical lymphocytes (panel A: hematoxylin and eosin stain, original
Survival of off-host unfed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae in study arenas in relation to climatic factors and habitats in South Texas, USA.

Abstract The cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say), is an economically destructive arthropod because of its ability to vector bovine babesiosis. Cattle fever ticks can spend more than 90% of their life cycle as questing larvae, but the effect of climatic factors on their off-host behavior and survival is unclear. The goal of this study was to measure the effects of specific ecological factors on off-host larvae in nature. The study was conducted in a south Texas pasture over a 20-mo period, during which time larval populations were surveyed and ambient weather variables - relative humidity and temperatures – were recorded. Oviposition success and larval survival varied between cattle fever tick cohorts and was affected by relative humidity and canopied (with tree cover) versus exposed habitat. The results show that relative humidity and the interaction of relative humidity and inhabiting canopied habitats play a key role in oviposition success. Additionally, canopied habitats have a positive influence on off-host larval survival in the spring and summer.
Hidden Topological Structure of Flow Network Functionality

The ability to reroute and control flow is vital to the function of venation networks across a wide range of organisms. By modifying individual edges in these networks, either by adjusting edge conductances or creating and destroying edges, organisms robustly control the propagation of inputs to perform specific tasks. However, a fundamental disconnect exists between the structure and function: networks with different local architectures can perform the same functions. Here, we answer the question of how changes at the level of individual edges collectively create functionality at the scale of an entire network. Using persistent homology, we analyze networks tuned to perform complex tasks. We find that the responses of such networks encode a hidden topological structure composed of sectors of nearly uniform pressure. Although these sectors are not apparent in the underlying network structure, they correlate strongly with the tuned function. The connectivity of these sectors, rather than that of individual nodes, provides a quantitative relationship between structure and function in flow networks.
Sex Differences in Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms in ADHD, Autism, and General Population Samples

Oppositional behavior, irritability, and aggression are common in autism and ADHD-Combined presentation (but less frequent in ADHD-Inattentive), and children with autism are at high risk for anxiety. No study has compared sex differences in externalizing and internalizing symptoms between ADHD-Combined, ADHD-Inattentive, autism, and general population samples. The samples comprised 1436 children with autism (with or without ADHD), 1056 with ADHD without autism, and 665 from the general population, 2–17 years. Nine externalizing, four internalizing, and nine somatic symptoms rated by mothers on the Pediatric Behavior Scale did not differ significantly between girls and boys in the autism, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Inattentive samples. In the general population, boys had more externalizing problems than girls (particularly hyperactivity, inattention, and aggression), whereas anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints did not differ, with the exception of more stomachaches in girls. The finding that boys have more externalizing problems than girls in the general population has implications for interpreting rating scales. Raw score to standard score conversions for most scales are based on general population sex- and age-specific norms. Therefore, standard scores mask sex differences, and the same standard score for a girl and a boy is not equivalent. A boy must have more severe externalizing problems to earn the same elevated standard score as a girl. When making diagnostic and treatment decisions, clinicians should take into consideration both symptom raw scores (e.g., “often a problem” reflecting symptom severity and the DSM threshold for clinical significance) and standard scores (symptom severity adjusted for sex and age effects).
Gamete management for artificial reproduction of northern pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract Eyeing and hatching rates with regard to sperm: egg ratio, the length of time eggs remain viable post-activation in water, and duration of storage time in testicular and stripped sperm were determined in northern pike Esox lucius. In a trial of seven sperm: egg ratios, we found 4 × 105 to be the minimum tested number of spermatozoa per egg to produce an acceptable hatching rate (66 ± 4%). To determine the period of time that eggs remain viable after activation, eggs were placed in hatchery water and fertilized at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 480 s post-activation. With elapsed time, the eyeing and hatching rates decreased significantly (P
Choice of E-Waste Recycling Standard Under Recovery Channel Competition

Problem definition: We consider two competing electronic waste (e-waste) recovery channels, each of which consists of a collector and a recycler. Collectors obtain donated e-waste and sell the collected items to recyclers or in the secondary market, while recyclers process e-waste and sell the recycled material in the commodity market. Each recycler chooses for certification of one of two standards: e-Stewards or Responsible Recycling (R2). E-Stewards requires comparably more responsible handling, thus a higher processing cost, but attracts more e-waste from environmentally conscious donors. Academic/practical relevance: Despite the rapid growth of e-waste, the operations management community still understands little about e-waste processing supply chains. We add to this body of knowledge by capturing three salient features in the e-waste recovery industry: the existence of two recycling standards, the secondary market, and competition both within and between recovery channels. Methodology: We model the problem as a Stackelberg game and characterize the firms’ equilibrium decisions, deriving managerial insights through sensitivity analysis and numerical studies. Results: Competition between recovery channels is a key factor motivating e-Stewards adoption, whereas a recycler always chooses R2 in its absence. Interestingly, when competition exists both within and between recovery channels, recyclers with strong e-waste processing scale economies choose e-Stewards when incurring significantly higher processing costs than with R2. Furthermore, both the total environmental benefit and welfare might be higher when recyclers choose R2. Managerial implications: Policy makers who aim to encourage e-Stewards adoption should (1) lower entry barriers for new recyclers to induce competition and (2) offer incentive programs to alleviate e-Stewards’ cost disadvantage, though only when recyclers have weak scale economies. Policy makers and non-governmental organizations, however, should exercise caution in endorsing e-Stewards because R2 actually may generate a higher environmental benefit because of higher recycling volumes.
Local Lattice Deformation of Tellurene Grain Boundaries by Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy

Two-dimensional (2D) tellurene is a promising competitor for the fabrication of ultrathin optoelectronic devices belonging to a new family of monoelemental 2D materials. The precise fabrication and...
Impact of sedimentary facies on machine learning of acoustic impedance from seismic data: Lessons from a geologically realistic 3D model

AbstractWe have developed a new machine-learning (ML) workflow that uses random forest (RF) regression to predict sedimentary-rock properties from stacked and migrated 3D seismic data. The training...
Domain Adversarial Neural Networks for Domain Generalization: When It Works and How to Improve.

Theoretically, domain adaptation is a well-researched problem. Further, this theory has been well-used in practice. In particular, we note the bound on target error given by Ben-David et al. (2010) and the well-known domain-aligning algorithm based on this work using Domain Adversarial Neural Networks (DANN) presented by Ganin and Lempitsky (2015). Recently, multiple variants of DANN have been proposed for the related problem of domain generalization, but without much discussion of the original motivating bound. In this paper, we investigate the validity of DANN in domain generalization from this perspective. We investigate conditions under which application of DANN makes sense and further consider DANN as a dynamic process during training. Our investigation suggests that the application of DANN to domain generalization may not be as straightforward as it seems. To address this, we design an algorithmic extension to DANN in the domain generalization case. Our experimentation validates both theory and algorithm.
Lattice transformation in grain boundary migration via shear coupling and transition to sliding in face-centered-cubic copper

Abstract Migration of symmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs) via shear coupling has been studied extensively in experiments and simulations. It was reported that shear coupling transitioned to GB sliding at high temperatures, but how such transition occurs at low temperatures has not been investigated. Lattice transformation on the atomic scale during shear coupling has not been fully understood. In this work, mode of motion of symmetric tilt GBs with [001] tilting axis in face centered cubic copper under a shear strain parallel to the boundary plane at 100 K was carefully characterized by tracking the positions of the corresponding planes in atomistic simulations and new features of GB motion were observed. The results show that the angles between the two low-index planes, (110) and (100), and the boundary plane can be used to define a nominal magnitude of shear s. Approximately, if one of these two planes has a value of s 0.6, only GB sliding occurs. Careful structural analyses show that, for all the GBs that undergo shear coupling, some GB atomic planes remain invariant, very similar to the first invariant plane in deformation twinning, whereas the other GB atomic planes swap their positions in the GB normal direction through highly coordinated and complex atomic shuffles. This behavior allows identification of transformation units that are reoriented toward the neighboring grain. Rate-limiting factors are identified for lattice transformation and can be used to infer a kinetics model for shear coupling.
Maximizing Ensemble Diversity in Deep Q-Learning

The classic DQN algorithm is limited by the overestimation bias of the learned Q-function. Subsequent algorithms have proposed techniques to reduce this problem, without fully eliminating it. Recently, the Maxmin and Ensemble Q-learning algorithms have used different estimates provided by the ensembles of learners to reduce the overestimation bias. Unfortunately, these learners can converge to the same point in the parametric or representation space, falling back to the classic single neural network DQN. In this paper, we describe a regularization technique to maximize ensemble diversity in these algorithms. We propose and compare five regularization functions inspired from economics theory and consensus optimization. We show that the regularized approach significantly outperforms the Maxmin and Ensemble Q-learning algorithms as well as non-ensemble baselines.
Racialized beauty, visibility, and empowerment: Asian American women influencers on Youtube

Asian American women’s beauty practices have been doubly pathologized – not only being stereotyped as passive, dull, unattractive, and foreign, but also stigmatized as non-normative, uneducated, se...