cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leptin administration increases small intestinal response to cholecystokinin in leptin-deficient obese mice

Abstract Introduction. Leptin receptors are present in the jejunum, to a lesser degree in the ileum, and also in vagal neurons. Leptin has been shown to increase the duodenal secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) in rats and to act with CCK on vagal mechanoreceptors in the regulation of small intestinal motility in cats. We have recently demonstrated that leptin-deficient (Lep ob ) obese mice have increased jejunal and normal ileal responses to CCK. To confirm that these abnormalities were due to leptin deficiency, we hypothesized that leptin administration would alter the abnormality in small intestinal motility observed in leptin-deficient obese mice. Methods. Twelve-week-old female leptin-deficient (Lep ob ) obese mice received daily injections of saline ( n = 12) or 5 μg/g recombinant murine leptin IP ( n = 12). All animals were weighed daily. After 1 month of injections, whole thickness jejunal and ileal longitudinal segments were harvested and mounted in an organ bath. Optimal length and tension were determined by response to acetylcholine (ACh 10 −5 M). Contractile response to CCK 10 −8,−7,−6 M also was measured. Data are expressed as N/cm 2 and were compared by Student’s t -test and two-way ANOVA. Results. Body weights, and jejunal and ileal responses to 10 −5 M ACh and 10 −7 M CCK for both groups are presented below. Conclusions. These data suggest that daily leptin administration for 1 month in leptin-deficient (Lep ob ) obese mice (1) increases both jejunal and ileal responses to cholecystokinin and (2) does not alter responses to acetylcholine. Therefore, we conclude that regulation of small intestinal motility may be influenced by the synergistic action of cholecystokinin and leptin. TABLE—ABSTRACT P74 . Body Wt (g) Jejunum Ileum ACh CCK ACh CCK Saline 48.9 ± 0.1 532 ± 54 † 174 ± 28 1292 ± 103 211 ± 49 Leptin 33.8 ± 0.1 ∗ 649 ± 51 † 290 ± 50 ∗ 1191 ± 87 352 ± 46 ∗ ∗ P versus Saline; † P versus Ileum.
Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow by External Collimation Following Intravenous Injection of Radioisotope

A technique is described which studies cerebral circulation by monitoring with external collimated scintillation detectors the passage through each cerebral hemisphere of a bolus of radioisotope injected intravenously. The test is simple, harmless, almost painless, and repeatable at frequent intervals. Radiation of the patient is minimized by use of a rapidly excreted isotope. Theoretical considerations of the test are presented. The clinical applications carried out to date are described. The test appears to give a quick relative determination of the total blood flow to each cerebral hemisphere. The possibilities of obtaining an absolute determination are considered.
An upper-crustal fold province in the hinterland of the Sevier orogenic belt, eastern Nevada, U.S.A.: A Cordilleran Valley and Ridge in the Basin and Range

Overprinting Cenozoic extension hinders analysis of Cordilleran contractional deformation in the hinterland of the Sevier thrust belt in Nevada. In this study, a 1:250,000 scale paleogeologic map of eastern Nevada, showing spatial distributions of Paleozoic–Mesozoic rocks beneath a Paleogene unconformity, is combined with dip magnitude maps for Paleozoic–Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks, published sedimentary thickness records, and a published reconstruction of extension, in order to define and regionally correlate thrust faults and folds, and estimate the pre-extensional amplitude, wavelength, and limb dips of folds. A new structural province, the Eastern Nevada fold belt, is defined, consisting of a 100-km-wide region containing five first-order folds that can be traced for map distances between 100 and 250 km and have amplitudes of 2–4 km, wavelengths of 20–40 km, pre-extensional limb dips typically between 10° and 30°, and deform rocks as young as Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. No regional-scale thrust faults or decollement horizons breach modern exposure levels in the Eastern Nevada fold belt. First-order folds of the Eastern Nevada fold belt are interpreted to have formed above a deep (≥10 km below the Paleogene unconformity), blind decollement or shear zone, perhaps the westward projection of the master decollement of the Sevier thrust belt. Three hinterland structural provinces, the Central Nevada thrust belt, Western Utah thrust belt, and the intervening Eastern Nevada fold belt, collectively record low-magnitude (a few tens of kilometers), upper-crustal shortening that accompanied Cretaceous translation of the Cordilleran passive-margin basin ∼220 km eastward during the Sevier orogeny. Low deformation magnitudes in the hinterland are attributed to the rheological competence of this thick basin.
Community‐based human service delivery

Abstract The nation's welfare and human services systems were restructured after 1980 through welfare reform, program dismantling and transformation, and privatization. In this period, demand for community‐based human services increased dramatically because of deinstitutionalization, heightened job competition, and rising rates of poverty. Despite nonprofit sector efforts to meet rising demand, the uneven distribution of urban voluntary agencies left many residents without access to key services. Maldistribution of services challenges key federal human service efforts and place‐based service delivery strategies and underlies virulent opposition to service facility siting. This article provides an empirical baseline concerning trends in community‐based service delivery and assesses urban planning tools to create efficient and equitable human service systems. In particular, service‐hub and fair‐share approaches to service distribution are evaluated. Limited applications of these approaches suggest the need ...
Ultrasonic B-Scanning for radiation therapy planning and follow-up of superficial tumors

Abstract Ultrasonic B -scans are employed for delineating the boundaries of superficial, soft-tissue tumors for radiation therapy treatment planning. Full-scale anatomical information derived from magnified echograms is used for obtaining optimal photon beam dose distributions with the aid of a mini-computer. The feasibility of using ultrasound scans for assisting with electron beam radiation therapy planning is demonstrated. Tumor response following initiation of therapy may be evaluated using echograms for determining overall tumor dimensions or for computing the tumor volume. The use of ultrasonic B -scans for developing a 3-dimensional isometric display of tumor contours is discussed.
Robust Human Pose Recognition Using Unlabelled Markers

In this paper, we tackle robust human pose recognition using unlabelled markers obtained from an optical marker-based motion capture system. A coarse-to-fine fast pose matching algorithm is presented with the following three steps. Given a query pose, firstly, the majority of the non-matching poses are rejected according to marker distributions along the radius and height dimensions. Secondly, relative rotation angles between the query pose and the remaining candidate poses are estimated using a fast histogram matching method based on circular convolution implemented using the fast Fourier transform. Finally, rotation angle estimates are refined using nonlinear least square minimization through the Levenberg-Marquardt minimization. In the presence of multiple solutions, false poses can be effectively removed by thresholding the minimized matching scores. The proposed framework can handle missing markers caused by occlusion. Experimental results using real motion capture data show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
The influence of depression on sexual risk reduction and STD infection in a controlled, randomized intervention trial.

Background: A randomized controlled trial of SAFE, a cognitive/ behavioral intervention, revealed that it significantly reduces reinfection and behavioral risks among participants compared with controls. However, studies suggest that depression may moderate intervention efficacy among affected persons because of impaired information processing, failure to recognize risk, or inability to change behavior. Goal: We evaluated SAFE efficacy among depressed and nondepressed Mexican- and African American women after comparing initial risk factors by depression status. We further explored intervention effects in moderately and severely depressed women. Study Design: We stratified 477 participants (249 intervention, 228 controls) according to their depression status at baseline determined by CES-D scores. Using x 2 and multivariate logistic regression, we evaluated differences in reinfection and behavioral risk at 6-month, 12-month, and 1-year cumulative follow-ups between groups within baseline depression strata. Results: At baseline, 74.4% of women were depressed and had significantly greater levels of behavioral risks than nondepressed women. At follow-up intervals, behavioral risks and reinfection rates were lower among intervention women compared with controls regardless of depression status. For example, at 1-year follow-up reinfection rates were 15.2% in nondepressed intervention women versus 21.4% in nondepressed controls (AOR = 0.6), and 18.6% in depressed intervention women versus 27.3% in depressed controls (AOR = 0.6). Moreover, reinfection was consistently lower among moderately and severely depressed intervention women than controls (moderately depressed: 19.3% vs. 27.2%, AOR = 0.6; severely depressed: 17.9% vs. 27.5%, AOR = 0.6). Conclusions: Despite significantly greater behavioral risk among depressed women at baseline, SAFE was equally successful in reducing reinfection and high-risk behavior among depressed and nondepressed participants.
True checkerboard pattern reversal with light-emitting diodes

Abstract The use of rectangular red light-emitting diodes permits construction of a true checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulator, which gives evoked responses comparable in amplitude and wave form to those obtainable by a TV pattern generator. The device interfaces easily with commercial averagers and allows the incorporation of several features that may increase the sensitivity of visual evoked responses in screening for multiple sclerosis.
The biology of senescence: potential for prevention of disease.

A recent series of advances in the understanding of mechanisms responsible for senescence have opened up potential avenues for delaying its onset and that of associated chronic diseases. Because the onset of senescence, like other biological processes, appears to be subject to regulation, advantage is being taken of pathways involved in this regulation to develop therapeutic interventions. These pathways include: (1) development of nutritional interventions based on the finding that caloric restriction extends maximum life span; (2) drugs to influence the metabolic pathways that link effects of caloric restriction to the changes in gene regulation that occur with aging; (3) drugs to prevent formation of advanced glycation end products resulting from reaction of reducing sugars with macromolecules; (4) agents to slow damaging effects of reactive oxygen species; and (5) methods to overcome effects of telomere shortening. Interventions to correct age-related, tissue specific changes in expression of transcription factors that enable cells to acquire specialized function are already in use (e.g., thiazolidinediones). In addition, because the aging process can be reset by factors present in oocytes, as shown by the cloning of healthy animals from senescent cells, methods to rejuvenate cells for transplantation or even intact tissues in individuals are within the realm of possibility. The hope in developing these interventions is to push back the onset of the chronic diseases associated with senescence and to prolong the period of adult vigor.
Methodological Issues in Macromarketing

This article reflects an attempt to identify some methodological issues in macro-marketing. Methodology is treated in its broader meaning of an approach to the conduct and nature of inquiry. This article examines the links between the methodological domain and the conceptual and substantive domains and draws implications for theory generation in macromarketing.
Genetic analysis of mutations affecting terminase, the bacteriophage λ, DNA packaging enzyme, that suppress mutations in cosB, the terminase binding site

Terminase, the DNA packaging enzyme of phage λ, binds to λ DNA at a site called cosB, and introduces staggered nicks at an adjacent site, cosN, to generate the cohesive ends of virion λ DNA molecules. Terminase also is involved in separation of the cohesive ends and in binding the prohead, the empty protein shell into which λ DNA is packaged. Terminase is a DNA-dependent ATPase, and both subunits, gpNu1 and gpA, have ATPase activity. cosB contains a series of gpNu1 binding sites, R3, R2 and R1; between R3 and R2 is a binding site, I1, for integration host factor (IHF), the Escherichia coli DNA bending protein. In this work, a series of mutations in Nu1 have been isolated as suppressors of cosB mutations. One of the Nu1 mutations is identical to the previously described Nu1ms1ohm1 mutation predicted to cause the change L40F in the 181 amino acid-long gpNu1. Three other Nu1 missense mutations, the Nu1ms2 (L40I), ms3 (Q97K) and ms4 (A92G) mutations, have been isolated; the relative strengths of suppression of cosB mutations by the Nu1ms mutations are: ms1 > ms2 > ms3 > ms4. The Nu1 missense mutations all affect amino acid residues that lie outside of the putative helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif of gpNu1. The Nu1msl and Nu1ms2 mutations alter an amino acid residue (L40) that lies directly between two segments of gpNu1 proposed to be involved in ATP binding and hydrolysis; thus these mutations are likely to alter the gpNu1 ATP-binding site. The Nu1ms3 and Nu1ms4 mutations both affect amino acid residues in the central region of gpNu1 that is predicted to form a hydrophilic α-helix. To explain how the Nu1ms mutations suppress cosB defects, models involving alterations of the DNA binding and/or catalytic properties of terminase are considered. The results also indicate that terminase occupancy of a single gpNu1 binding site (R3) is necessary and sufficient for the efficient initiation of DNA packaging; the Nu1ms1, ms2 and ms3 mutations permit IHF-independent plaque formation by a phage lacking R2 and R1.
Thermal stability of mercury captured by ash

Abstract The thermal stability of mercury captured by ash was studied by sampling ash throughout the collection train of two Kentucky power plants. Sampling occurred over multiple years and involved both fresh and archived samples. During one ash collection episode, sampling was from the combustion of a single pulverized coal feed. The other collections involved ash from blended feeds. Ash was collected from economizer, mechanical and electrostatic precipitator hoppers. Feed coals, rejects and bottom ash were also sampled. Fractions of all the samples were heated in a thermal analyzer to maximum temperatures increased sequentially from 100 to 500 °C in 100 °C increments. The mercury content of the spent material was then determined by analysis of the solids for Hg. From this data the thermal decomposition temperature of the captured mercury was determined. The total mercury captured by each sample, thermal stability of the mercury in relation to collection site, and correlations between mercury capture and chemical composition of the sample were also determined. The data showed that mercury was released between 300–400 °C for all ash samples. The thermal release of Hg between 300–400 °C was studied in greater detail by following the Hg release in several samples at 25 °C intervals from 300–400 °C. The concentration of mercury captured in the ESPs hoppers was greater than in the ash collected from the economizer or mechanical separators.
Color space and wavelet transform for merging multispectral and panchromatic SPOT images

We propose in this paper the joint use of the color space and wavelet transform to improve the spatial resolution of multispectral images. The principle consists in transforming the Red Green Blue (RGB) image components into IHS independent components. The I component is merged with the P image in the wavelet domain via an appropriate model and an IHS reverse transformation is then performed to produce new high resolution multispectral images. For this purpose, the redundant wavelet transform may be used since it ensures that significant details coming from P are well injected in the I component. Another advantage of this approach lies in rejecting the noise present in the two components. The merging I and P considered here is based on the local detail mean matching that allows to adjust the high resolution details of the P image with the low resolution of the I component. To evaluate the results of our merging method, two criteria are used: correlation coefficient and index deviation.
Antenatal cocaine exposure produces accelerated surfactant maturation without stimulation of antioxidant enzyme development in the late gestation rat

ABSTRACT: Antenatal cocaine administration is associated with increases in catecholamines and glucocorticoids and results in fetal hypoxemia, with the speculated potential for increased free radical formation in the fetus. Because of this, we hypothesized that antenatal cocaine exposure would produce not only accelerated pulmonary surfactant maturation, but also stimulation of antioxidant enzyme (AOE) system maturation and the ability to mount a protective AOE response to hyperoxia as well. Seventy-two, 48, and 24 h before delivery at either 20, 21, or 22 d of gestation, pregnant rats received twice daily s.c. injections of cocaine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg) or saline. Offspring demonstrated growth retardation with significant reduction in body weight at all 3 gestational d studied that persisted to the 5th postnatal d. Serum corticosterone and total catecholamines were elevated from 50 to 200% in cocaine-exposed adult rats and pups. Advanced surfactant development in cocaine-exposed fetal offspring was apparent at d 21 of gestation, with significant increases in lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine content in cocaine (3.94 ± 0.67 mg/g lung)versus control (3.25 ± 0.64) offspring (p < 0.01). No increases in AOE maturation were found in cocaine-exposed fetuses at all 3 gestational d studied, whereas a significant decrease was demonstrated in glutathione peroxidase activity at d 20 and 22 of gestation in cocaine-exposed fetuses. In addition, cocaine newborns manifested a protective AOE response to hyperoxia of a magnitude similar to that of control newborns. These findings suggest that cocaine may be affecting AOE system maturation through hormones other than glucocorticoids and catecholamines and indicate that the pulmonary surfactant and AOE systems may share some, but not all, of the same influences on their late gestational development.
The towers of Antwerpen problem

Abstract The Towers of Antwerpen problem is a variant of the Towers of Hanoi problem requiring the rearrangement of three stacks (red, white, blue) of N rings, subject to the usual rules governing ring movement. An optimal algorithm for the problem is presented and its performance is analyzed.
RLIMS-P: an online text-mining tool for literature-based extraction of protein phosphorylation information.

Protein phosphorylation is central to the regulation of most aspects of cell function. Given its importance, it has been the subject of active research as well as the focus of curation in several biological databases. We have developed Rule-based Literature Mining System for protein Phosphorylation (RLIMS-P), an online text-mining tool to help curators identify biomedical research articles relevant to protein phosphorylation. The tool presents information on protein kinases, substrates and phosphorylation sites automatically extracted from the biomedical literature. The utility of the RLIMS-P Web site has been evaluated by curators from Phospho.ELM, PhosphoGRID/BioGrid and Protein Ontology as part of the BioCreative IV user interactive task (IAT). The system achieved F-scores of 0.76, 0.88 and 0.92 for the extraction of kinase, substrate and phosphorylation sites, respectively, and a precision of 0.88 in the retrieval of relevant phosphorylation literature. The system also received highly favorable feedback from the curators in a user survey. Based on the curators’ suggestions, the Web site has been enhanced to improve its usability. In the RLIMS-P Web site, phosphorylation information can be retrieved by PubMed IDs or keywords, with an option for selecting targeted species. The result page displays a sortable table with phosphorylation information. The text evidence page displays the abstract with color-coded entity mentions and includes links to UniProtKB entries via normalization, i.e. the linking of entity mentions to database identifiers,
Development of Titanium Coatings on Particulate Diamond

The performance of many wear-resistant materials can be improved further by incorporating diamond into the structure. Diamond that has been coated with titanium is known to adhere well to the matrix particles and also prevents reaction with H2, which often is used in the sintering atmosphere. Two coating methods of coating diamond with titanium have been explored in this study: a sputtering method and a procedure that involves heating the diamond in a mixture of salt and titanium. The latter, which uses a salt mix of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 and metallic titanium particles 3 μm in size, heated at a temperature of 750°C in an argon atmosphere, is determined to be the best method.
The emergence of requirements networks: the case for requirements inter-dependencies

Do system requirements depend on each other? Or, do system requirements live in an isolated world of their own and act independently by being completely oblivious to the presence of other requirements? Since a singular requirement does not convey the entire story, it supports the belief that requirements depend on each other. If so, then do dependant system requirements themselves converge into a network, an object that satisfies systemic criteria? If the answer is affirmative, then we assert that relationships between requirements (depicted as nodes in the requirements network) must exist, so that the 'whole' that emerges, may be considered as a network as against isolated set of singular statements. While a singular requirement conveys partial information about a system or a finished product, a requirements network might convey insights that predicate such a holistic perspective. An extensive literature search and a consolidation of findings are presented herein. In addition, the paper proposes a set of dependencies such as Contractual, Continuance, Compliance, Cooperation and Consequential between requirements specifically at the lowest level of the requirement tree.
RNase MRP Cleaves the CLB2 mRNA To Promote Cell Cycle Progression: Novel Method of mRNA Degradation

RNase mitochondrial RNA processing (RNase MRP) mutants have been shown to have an exit-from-mitosis defect that is caused by an increase in CLB2 mRNA levels, leading to increased Clb2p (B-cyclin) levels and a resulting late anaphase delay. Here we describe the molecular defect behind this delay. CLB2 mRNA normally disappears rapidly as cells complete mitosis, but the level remains high in RNase MRP mutants. This is in direct contrast to other exit-from-mitosis mutants and is the result of an increase in CLB2 mRNA stability. We found that highly purified RNase MRP cleaved the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the CLB2 mRNA in several places in an in vitro assay. In vivo, we identified RNase MRP-dependent cleavage products on the CLB2 mRNA that closely matched in vitro products. Disposal of these products was dependent on the 5′→3′ exoribonuclease Xrn1 and not the exosome. Our results demonstrate that the endoribonuclease RNase MRP specifically cleaves the CLB2 mRNA in its 5′-UTR to allow rapid 5′ to 3′ degradation by the Xrn1 nuclease. Degradation of the CLB2 mRNA by the RNase MRP endonuclease provides a novel way to regulate the cell cycle that complements the protein degradation machinery. In addition, these results denote a new mechanism of mRNA degradation not seen before in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Testosterone as a social inhibitor: two case studies of the effect of testosterone treatment on language

This study aimed to correlate testosterone levels with natural written language in 2 people undergoing testosterone therapy. Two participants, a man receiving treatment for loss of upper-body strength and a female-to-male transgendered individual, supplied records of injections over 1-2 years along with e-mails or journal entries as writing samples. Results showed that higher testosterone levels correlated with reduced use of words related to social connections. Language relating to anger, sexuality, and achievement was unrelated to testosterone levels. It appears that testosterone steers attention away from social connections but not necessarily toward concerns with aggression or sexual activity.
Grammars and Grammaticality

At the outset, the goal of generative grammar was the explication of an intuitive concept grammaticality (Chomsky 1957:13). But psychological goals have become primary, referred to as “linguistic competence”, “language faculty”, or, more recently, “I-language”. Kac argues for the validity of the earlier goal of grammaticality and for a specific view of the relationship between the abstract, nonpsychological study of grammar and the investigation of the language faculty. The method of the book involves a formalization of traditional grammar, with emphasis on etiological analysis, that is, providing a “diagnosis” for any ungrammatical string of the type of ungrammaticality involved. Part I justifies this view and makes the logical foundations of etiological analysis explicit. Part II applies the theory to a diverse body of typically generativist data, among which are aspects of the English complement system and some problematic phenomena in coordinate structures. The volume includes pedagogical exercises and especially intriguing is a large analysis problem, originally constructed by Gerlad Sanders using data from Nama Hottentot, which exposes the reader to a syntax of extraordinary beauty.
Influence of temperature on hexose transport by round spermatids of rats

Summary. Transport of 3-O-methyl-d-[14C]glucose in vitro by round spermatids was more rapid at 34 than at 37\s=deg\Cand more rapid at 37 than at 40\s=deg\C.The difference between values at 34 and at 37\s=deg\Cwas reversed by changing the spermatids from 37 to 34\s=deg\Cat various times during a total incubation of 1 h. The effect of 37\s=deg\Crelative to 34\s=deg\Cwas exerted on Km for the transport process; Vmax was unaltered. Inhibition by 37\s=deg\Crelative to 34\s=deg\Cwas exerted on influx; efflux was the same at both temperatures. A fraction of cells from rat testis enriched in spermatocytes but free from spermatids showed greater transport at 37 than at 34\s=deg\C.These results indicate that one metabolic effect of body temperature (37\s=deg\C)as opposed to scrotal temperature (34\s=deg\C)is inhibition of glucose transport into round spermatids. This may contribute to the defective spermatogenesis that can occur in abdominal testes.
South Dakota's Hog Market: Developments and Prospects

This paper examines the developments that have occurred in South Dakota's swine industry and offers insights into its future prospects. Data, trends, and literature related to this market were gathered in an effort to fill in specific gaps about South Dakota's market. Nationally and in South Dakota there are fewer producers raising hogs. The exit of relatively small producers from the industry reduced a seasonal spike of farrowings during the March-May quarter in recent years. A growing trend of inshipments, where feeder pigs are brought into South Dakota, finished, and marketed, has partially offset the reduction in farrowings. An analysis of a longstanding indicator of supply, farrowing intentions, reveals that the closer intentions reported were more accurate than the distant intentions and that the overall accuracy is impressive. The general price level for market hogs at Sioux Falls follows a similar pattern to U.S. prices. A seasonal trend exists at Sioux Falls, with prices higher from May through August. Analysis of location basis, the difference between the CME Lean Hog Index and the cash price at Sioux Falls, with prices higher from May through August. Analysis of location basis, the difference between the CME Lean Hog Index and the cash price at Sioux Falls, also reveals a seasonal trend and substantial variablity across different months. Knowledge of basis is necessary when comparing different markets and when determining the effectiveness of risk management tools.
Benign perimesencephalic hemorrhage occurring after previous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case report

Both aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and benign perimesencephalic hemorrhage are well-described causes of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage that arise as a result of different pathologic processes. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no reports of both vascular pathologies occurring in the same individual. A 51-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage presented five years after her initial treatment with ictal headache, meningismus, nausea and emesis similar to her previous bleeding event. Computed tomographic imaging revealed perimesencephalic bleeding remote from her previously coiled anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Both immediate and delayed diagnostic angiography revealed no residual filling of the previously coiled aneurysm and no other vascular anomalies, consistent with benign perimesencephalic hemorrhage. The patient had an uneventful hospital course and was discharged to home in good condition. This report for the first time identifies benign perimesencephalic hemorrhage occurring in the setting of previous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The presence of a previously treated aneurysm can complicate the process of diagnosing benign perimesencephalic hemorrhage. Fortunately, in this case, the previously treated anterior communicating artery aneurysm was remote from the perimesencephalic hemorrhage and could be ruled out as a source. The patient's prior aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage did not worsen the anticipated good outcome associated with benign perimesencephalic hemorrhage.
Recombinant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Expressing a Heterologous Spike Gene Demonstrates that the Spike Protein Is a Determinant of Cell Tropism

A recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), BeauR-M41(S), was generated using our reverse genetics system (R. Casais, V. Thiel, S. G. Siddell, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton, J. Virol. 75:12359-12369, 2001), in which the ectodomain region of the spike gene from IBV M41-CK replaced the corresponding region of the IBV Beaudette genome. BeauR-M41(S) acquired the same cell tropism phenotype as IBV M41-CK in four different cell types, demonstrating that the IBV spike glycoprotein is a determinant of cell tropism.
A randomized comparative study of the electrophysiological and electrocardiographic effects of isradipine vs verapamil

Isradipine is a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist reported to have minimal effects on cardiac electrophysiology. Of 19 patients with normal cardiac electrophysiological profiles, 11 received isradipine intravenously at doses of 0.0010, 0.0020, 0.0040 and 0.0080 mg.kg-1 (0.0150 mg.kg-1 total dose), and eight received verapamil intravenously at 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0500 and 0.1000 mg.kg-1 (0.1875 mg.kg-1 total dose). One patient experienced hypotension several minutes after receiving the third isradipine dose. With isradipine, systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased from 154 +/- 24 to 151 +/- 22, 143 +/- 25, 133 +/- 19 and 124 +/- 17 mmHg, respectively. Diastolic BP decreased from 83 +/- 10 (baseline) to 80 +/- 12, 76 +/- 10, 74 +/- 7 and 68 +/- 9 mmHg, respectively. With verapamil, systolic BP changed from 132 +/- 20 (baseline) to 135 +/- 29, 132 +/- 24, 130 +/- 25 and 115 +/- 17 mmHg, respectively, and diastolic BP changed from 80 +/- 14 to 84 +/- 14, 81 +/- 9, 78 +/- 6 and 73 +/- 5 mmHg, respectively. Isradipine had no significant effect on the PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals, nor were there changes in the atrial-His (AH) and His-ventricle (HV) intervals, atrioventricular nodal effective refractory period. Wenckebach cycle length or sinus node recovery time. Similarly, verapamil at the doses studied did not significantly affect PR, QRS, QT, QTc, AH or HV intervals. However, with verapamil, the Wenckebach cycle length changed significantly from 394 +/- 82 (baseline) to 448 +/- 93 ms. Despite the significant fall in BP with isradipine, heart rate did not change significantly. These results support the electrophysiological neutrality of isradipine on the cardiac conduction system.
Information Leaks Without Memory Disclosures: Remote Side Channel Attacks on Diversified Code

Code diversification has been proposed as a technique to mitigate code reuse attacks, which have recently become the predominant way for attackers to exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities. As code reuse attacks require detailed knowledge of where code is in memory, diversification techniques attempt to mitigate these attacks by randomizing what instructions are executed and where code is located in memory. As an attacker cannot read the diversified code, it is assumed he cannot reliably exploit the code. In this paper, we show that the fundamental assumption behind code diversity can be broken, as executing the code reveals information about the code. Thus, we can leak information without needing to read the code. We demonstrate how an attacker can utilize a memory corruption vulnerability to create side channels that leak information in novel ways, removing the need for a memory disclosure vulnerability. We introduce seven new classes of attacks that involve fault analysis and timing side channels, where each allows a remote attacker to learn how code has been diversified.
Electromagnetic Field Penetration into a Cylindrical Cavity

For an E-polarized plane wave incident on a perfectly conducting cylindrical shell having a longitudinal slit aperture, the fields inside the cavity are determined by a numerical solution of the E-field integral equation. Selected data are presented and the first few complex frequency (SEM) singularities are determined for a variety of aperture sizes.
Inhaled Salmeterol Induces Salivary Alpha Amylase Activity in Healthy Subjects

FEBRUARY 2015 AB4 Abstracts S A T U R D A Y 12 Inhaled Salmeterol Induces Salivary Alpha Amylase Activity in Healthy Subjects Andrea A. Pappalardo, MD, Sherlyana Surja, MD, Caitlin M. Campion, Sarah J. Aldrich, James N. Moy, MD; Asthma and Allergy Center, Bloomingdale, IL, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL. RATIONALE: Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) secretion is an indirect method of measuring beta-receptor activation. Increases in sAA are seen in isoproterenol-infused mice (attenuated by beta-receptor antagonists) and in humans under physical or mental stress. We previously demonstrated that albuterol given by inhalation increases sAA (peaking at 15 minutes) in healthy volunteers and patients with asthma. We hypothesized that inhaled salmeterol, but not the anticholinergic ipratropium, will induce sAA secretion. METHODS: Five healthy volunteers were enrolled. Spirometry was performed; and sAA, blood pressure and heart rate were collected at baseline and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after inhalation of fluticasonesalmeterol HFA (90 mcg/42 mcg). Two weeks later, two of the subjects repeated the protocol after inhaling ipratropium (34mcg). Three additional subjects performed spirometry maneuvers alone to confirm stability of sAA during forced expiratory maneuvers. RESULTS: Baseline sAAwas 143651 (U/mL6SEM) , which increased after salmeterol inhalation to 190657, 230668, 2766100, and 239670 at 15, 30, 60, and 120minutes, respectively; peaking at 60minutes (p<0.05 at 60 and 120 minutes; ANOVA). sAA did not change after ipratropium inhalation or spirometry alone. FEV1 did not change from baseline after inhalation of salmeterol or ipratropium in these healthy volunteers. No significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate were observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS: Salmeterol induces sAA in healthy subjects, but peaks later than albuterol, consistent with its pharmacokinetic properties. These findings reinforce the concept that sAA is a surrogate marker for beta-2receptor activation and may be useful in assessing tachyphylaxis or unresponsiveness to beta-2-agonists.
Combined cataract implant and filtering surgery with 5-fluorouracil.

In this preliminary retrospective study, results of combined extracapsular cataract extraction, intraocular lens implantation, and filtering surgery with subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections in 22 eyes were compared with those obtained in a similar group without 5-FU injections. Five to 35 mg (mean, 17.3 mg) of 5-FU were administered to each eye in the 5-FU group. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled with fewer medications postoperatively than preoperatively in both the 5-FU group and the control group. However, the 5-FU group demonstrated statistically significant greater improvement in IOP control than the control group (P = .043).
Low threshold tandem optical limiters with large dynamic range

A passive optical limiter is a device that has high linear transmittance for low input fluences and low transmittance for high input fluences. We have previously demonstrated the ability of materials possessing nonlinear absorption, refraction, or scattering to perform as passive optical limiters.1-3 A disadvantage of this approach to optical limiting is that the nonlinear materials often suffer optical damage at fluences about an order of magnitude larger than the limiting threshold for nanosecond pulses. We define the limiting threshold as the incident energy at which the transmittance falls to 50% of the linear transmittance. Practical limiting devices require a damage threshold several orders of magnitude larger. The performance of limiters can be parameterized in terms of the "dynamic range" (DR), where we define DR = damage energy/limiting threshold. Here we demonstrate a method of dramatically increasing the dynamic range of passive optical limiters by cascading two or more limiting materials in a single limiting device,4 As the schematic of the limiter in Fig. 1 shows, the device has two elements. We place one (the "Primary limiter") at or near focus, while the other (the "Secondary limiter") is placed at a region of lower intensity upstream from the first. The concept behind this design is that the Primary limiter provides a low limiting threshold, while the purpose of the Secondary limiter is to protect the Primary limiter from optical damage.
Dynamic Surface Tension on the Microsecond Timescale : Thermal Inkjet Printing Applications

approved: ______________________________________________________ Willie Rochefort This project explores the relationship between microsecond-timescale dynamic surface tension (DST) and measurable thermal inkjet printing parameters. Dynamic surface tension affects many aspects of printing, including printing speed and ink drop shape. In addition to this, DST is a physical input parameter for HP’s in-house computational fluid dynamics program. HP does not currently have a way to measure DST on the 10-microsecond timescale. The relationship between DST and measurable firing parameters has not been previously investigated within HP. The knowledge gained from this project could lead to a new, innovative way to predict microsecond-timescale DST. This project had two objectives. The first was to establish the relationship between dynamic surface tension and measurable pen fluid refill parameters. The second was to test the hypothesis that microsecond timescale DST is correlated to measurable firing frequency parameters of a fluid and can be used to predict dynamic surface tension on the 10-microsecond timescale. A series of calibration fluids with known surface tensions and viscosities was created. Turnon energy and frequency response were tested using HP Inc. (Corvallis) baseline data tools. Experimental results suggest that F1ss was logarithmically correlated to dynamic surface tension.
ACL update: objective measures on knee instability: an introduction

Successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is defined by the absence of osteoarthritis (OA) and complete return of knee function. The difficulty with measuring these outcomes is that OA has to be measured at up to 10 years post-surgery and testing of knee function requires complicated and not readily available tools, such as dynamic stereo radiography (DSX). However, there are several new measures of dynamic and static knee instability that can be used by clinicians and scientists to measure outcomes.
The Origin of Slow States at the Interface of a-Si:H and Silicon Nitride

Transient photoconductivity is used to investigate the origin of slow states near the interface of a-Si:H and silicon nitride. A graded composition of the nitride layer near the interface greatly increases the density of slow states. We deduce that slow states are bulk nitride traps and that the magnitude of charge storage is largely determined by the composition dependence of the localization radius of electrons within these traps. The kinetics of charge storage and release are found to be very different and are interpreted in terms of an activation step at the interface.
Biology of Tropiconabis capsiformis

Tropiconabis capsiformis (Hemiptera: Nabidae) was studied in the laboratory at Mississippi State, Mississippi during the summers of 1974 and 1975. Under laboratory conditions (26-28°C, 60-70% RH, and 15 h photophase per day), adult nabids lived 14.9 and 21.6 days for males and females respectively. Females laid eggs 15.5 days, averaging 105.3 eggs per female. Seventy-eight percent of the eggs hatched and the incubation period was 7.6 days. Average nymphal duration was 18 days for males and 22.4 days for females for a generation time of 51.6 days. A life table was developed for laboratory conditions.
Aircraft Turnaround Times and Aircraft Itinerary Generation

The objective of this study was to investigate scheduled aircraft turnaround times at U.S. domestic airports and to determine how to use those scheduled aircraft turnaround times in the itinerary generation process for modeling purposes. Scheduled aircraft turnaround times are used to link separate flights, from projected future demand or more near-term airline schedules, into an aircraft itinerary. These flights must be joined together in order to properly model delay propagation in the National Airspace System (NAS). NAS-wide models typically either do not join individual flights to form aircraft itineraries or rely on a simplified representation of turnaround times to join those flights. We have taken a deterministic approach to characterize scheduled aircraft turnaround behavior. Our approach produces a table of lookup values that references a set of circumstances associated with a given flight. We then used those lookup values in a “greedy” itinerary generation algorithm to link individual flights from future schedules. Within this investigation, we created scheduled turnaround time values for numerous combinations of airports, carriers, and equipment types usable for NAS-wide modeling and tested them by joining a month of schedules. For that month, the generated itineraries closely replicated the actual itineraries in terms of itinerary length and number of aircraft required to implement the schedule. The simplicity of our method allows for easy periodic updating. Since carriers typically do not make drastic year-to-year changes, we believe our results are acceptable for use in near to mid-term NAS-wide analysis.
Sensitization of ZnO single crystal electrodes with CdSe quantum dots.

CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were attached to single crystal ZnO(0001) and ZnO(1100) substrates using capping groups, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, 2-mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-mercaptooctanoic acid, and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, as bifunctional linker molecules. The spectral response and photosensitization yields of the adsorbed QDs were studied with photocurrent spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to verify the surface structure of the ZnO crystals and to examine the coverage and arrangement of the QDs on the single crystal surface. The inner-sphere aqueous redox couple Sx2–/S2–, often used as a regenerator for chalcogenide-based QDs, as well as outer-sphere redox couples such as ferrocene, were able to regenerate the photoexcited CdSe QDs and suppress their photocorrosion. Differences in the binding of the QDs to different ZnO crystal faces are also reported.
An Exploration of Gender and Career Stage Differences on a Multidimensional Measure of Work Meaningfulness

In recent years, the constructs of work meaning and work meaningfulness have been differentiated, and multidimensional measures of the latter have been developed. In the present study, we administe...
Electrospun nanofibers as substrates for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization and matrix-enhanced surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Nanofibrous substrates prepared by electrospinning were studied for improvement of the performance of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Polymers, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl alcohol), and SU-8 photoresist, and carbon substrates were studied. The results show that poly(ethylene glycol) with a molecular weight as high as 900,000 Da was detected when the carbon nanofibrous substrate was used without other matrix (SALDI). Low detection limit of 400 amol was achieved for angiotensin I when the carbon substrate was used with conventional matrix (ME-SALDI).
Left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular prognosis.

SUMMARY Left ventricular hypertrophy is an important independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. The therapeutic implications of this remain to be explored.