cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating dynamic discrete choice models with aggregate data: Properties of the inclusive value approximation

We investigate the use of the inclusive value based approach for estimating dynamic discrete choice models of demand with aggregate data. The inclusive value sufficiency (IVS) approach approximates a multi-dimensional state space with a single “sufficient statistic” in order to mitigate the curse of dimensionality and tractability estimate model primitives. Although in widespread use, the conditions under which IVS is appropriate have not been examined. Theoretically, we show that the estimator is biased and inconsistent. We then use Monte Carlo simulations (of a simple model of dynamic durable goods adoption) to demonstrate the degree of bias associated with the inclusive value approximation estimator under an array of parameterizations and data generating processes. In our examination, we show that the estimator performs better when the discount factor is smaller and/or when the price sensitivity of the consumer is larger. Examining how the bias impacts economic quantities of interest, we find that the IVS method under estimates the true long-run own-price elasticities and over estimates the change in profits as prices change. Theses findings highlight the importance of correctly specifying how consumers form expectations. As a result, researchers should consider how to empirically support their assumption for the underlying consumer belief structure.
Metabolomic Evaluation of Scenedesmus sp. as a Feed Ingredient Revealed Dose-Dependent Effects on Redox Balance, Intermediary and Microbial Metabolism in a Mouse Model

Scenedesmus is a common green algae genus with high biomass productivity, and has been widely used in biofuel production and waste water management. However, the suitability and metabolic consequences of using Scenedesmus as an animal feed ingredient have not been examined in detail. In this study, the influences of consuming Scenedesmus on the metabolic status of young mice were investigated through growth performance, blood chemistry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. Compared to the control diet, feeding a diet containing 5% Scenedesmus improved growth performance while the diet containing 20% Scenedesmus suppressed it. Among common macronutrients-derived blood biochemicals, serum triacylglycerols and cholesterol levels were dramatically decreased by feeding the 20% Scenedesmus diet. Metabolomic analysis of liver, serum, feces, and urine samples indicated that Scenedesmus feeding greatly affected the metabolites associated with amino acid, lipid, purine, microbial metabolism, and the endogenous antioxidant system. The growth promotion effect of feeding the 5% Scenedesmus diet was associated with elevated concentrations of antioxidants, an expanded purine nucleotide cycle, and modified microbial metabolism, while the growth suppression effect of feeding the 20% Scenedesmus diet was correlated to oxidative stress, disrupted urea cycle, upregulated fatty acid oxidation, and an imbalanced lipidome. These correlations among Scenedesmus dietary inclusion rate, individual metabolite markers, and growth performance suggest the need to define the dietary inclusion rate threshold for using Scenedesmus and other microalgae supplements as feed ingredients, and also warrant further mechanistic investigations on the biological processes connecting specific constituents of Scenedesmus with the metabolic effects observed in this study.
Comorbid monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and snoring exhibit an additive effect on impairments in health-related quality of life.

Summary Introduction/Background Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a relatively new concept in pediatrics, but it has shown to be extremely important in terms of clinical care, treatment planning, and compliance with medical and behavioral recommendations. Two groups of children who are at risk for impairments in HRQOL are those who have bed-wetting and those who snore or have sleep apnea. Objective The present study sought to determine whether the combination of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) results in diminished HRQOL in a pediatric sample. Study design A retrospective chart review was conducted in an outpatient pediatric urology clinic and in an outpatient pulmonology clinic. Parents of the patients completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) to assess the presence of SDB and snoring, and HRQOL was assessed using the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome–18-item (OSAS-18) scale, both validated measures, as part of the child's clinical workup. Results One hundred fifty-two (85 males and 67 females ) patients were included and were categorized into any of the following four groups: (1) MNE only, (2) SDB only, (3) MNE + SDB, or (4) healthy control. Patients in the SDB-only group had significantly more severe SDB than those in the other groups. As such, severity of SDB was controlled for in analyses. Results revealed that the four groups significantly differed on all subscales of the OSAS-18, which are Sleep Disturbance, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms, Daytime Functioning, and Caregiver Concerns. Post hoc analyses revealed the MNE + SDB group had more impairments on each subscale. Analysis of the total impairments revealed that children with only one condition (MNE or SDB) reported similar levels of impairments in HRQOL and patients with MNE + SBD reported significantly higher levels of impairments, as it appears that these comorbid conditions have an additive effect on HRQOL. Discussion Children with comorbid MNE and SDB are at significantly higher risk for reporting impairments in their HRQOL than children who have only one of these conditions. While it is already known that children with MNE are at risk for emotional, behavioral, and social difficulties and children with SDB are at risk for neurobehavioral difficulties, it is possible that children with both conditions are at risk for a multitude of negative consequences. Conclusion These data emphasize the importance of urologist screening for SDB and pulmonologist screening for MNE as part of their routine clinical practice. Download : Download high-res image (113KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Fig. . Total OSAS-18 scores by diagnostic group. HRQOL = health-related quality of life; MNE = monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis; OSAS-18 = Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome–18-item.
A Systematic Approach to Working With Medical Learners in Difficulty: A Faculty Development Workshop.

Introduction For medical educators, applying a systematic approach to working with struggling learners (learners in difficulty) can improve faculty success and satisfaction with the remediation pro...
Chapter 5 – Client Preferences

This is the third chapter in the section on client variables, values, and preferences. Client preferences can help evidence-based practitioners to select from an array of effective treatments. Preference assessments can be conducted to identify materials, activities, and opportunities that are highly preferred by a client and reinforcement-based interventions can be built around these preferences. This chapter reviews less commonly described methods for conducting preference assessments, such as group administration and methods used with infants and toddlers. Choice is another method for incorporating preference into treatment. Clients can regularly express their changing preferences when they are consistently given choices within the context of therapy. Finally, when preference is a natural by-product of a given treatment, it should be given priority. Client preference can be incorporated into the treatment selection process irrespective of the age and developmental functioning level of clients.
Mycotic Aneurysm of the Hepatic Artery: A Case Report and its Management

Cholecystectomies are one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the United States, with complications being relatively common. We submit a case of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery, a complication of a recent cholecystectomy which was successfully treated with the use of transarterial thrombin.
Beyond ground truth: GIS and the environmental knowledge of herders, professional foresters, and other traditional communities

As a result of increasingly apparent and problematic effects of global information system and remote sensing technologies, there has been increased emphasis on demonstrating and incorporating indigenous environmental knowledges in land use and cover analysis. Such approaches, though ethnographically revealing and politically efficacious, tend to reproduce a model of difference between local and scientific knowledges that is epistemologically untenable. This paper demonstrates an alternative use of geographic information system and remotely sensed imagery to both demonstrate the partiality of mapping technology and show possibilities for critical usage of the tool. Using a case from India, the research shows a method to elicit and explore competing environmental knowledges, including and especially those of “scientific” experts. The analysis concludes that, for both local producers and expert managers, the cultural meaning of landscapes is dependent on their roles in regional production and resource politics.
High terminal creatinine donors should not preclude simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation.

Abstract Background Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) in the setting of end-stage renal disease offers unmatched outcomes in insulin dependent diabetic patients. Donor pool expansion through the transplantation of kidneys with acute kidney injury (AKI) is controversial. Methods 59 SPK transplants were classified by presence of donor AKI, defined as donor terminal creatinine ≥ 1.5x the initial creatinine or donor terminal creatinine > 4.0 mg/dL. Endpoints included graft and patient survival, delayed graft function (DGF), serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and acute rejection. Results The donor AKI group (n = 35) had significantly higher rates of DGF (38 v. 9%, p = 0.01). There was no difference in creatinine or GFR at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. HbA1c was comparable at 3, 6 and 12 months. There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients that required anti-diabetic agents after transplant (14 v. 4%, p = 0.56). Conclusions We observed increased rates of DGF in SPK recipients with donor AKI. However, equivalent outcomes of pancreas and kidney function in both groups were observed.
Abstract PO-006: Single cell transcriptomic analysis of primary head and neck cancer stem cells

Despite advances in treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) survival rates remain unchanged. Tumor heterogeneity within HNSCC as well as within the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to be a major driver of treatment failure and poor outcomes. A key component of the TME and a potential key to deciphering tumor heterogeneity are cancer stem cells. While numerous studies have demonstrated the tumorigenicity and malignant potential of these cells, few studies have investigated their expression profiles. The aim of this study is to leverage single cell technology to investigate the expression profile of primary HNSCC cancer stem cells. We performed single cell sequencing of five primary HPV-negative head and neck cancers and two HNSCC cell lines that were presorted into the CSC (CD44high/ALDH+) and non-CSC (CD44low/ALDH-) phenotype. We are able to characterize an expression profile of the CSC TME niche and a novel CSC expression profile (DCN, C110rf96, KLF4, MEG3 and NR4A1) relative to non-CSC. We confirm this CSC profile is conserved across all five primary tumors. Together these data provide some of the first insights into CSC transcriptome, further define the CSC-TME niche, and identify conserved targets within HNSCC CSC as a means to decipher the challenges inherent to tumor heterogeneity. Citation Format: Molly E. Heft Neal, Stephanie The, John Henry J. Owen, Clifford Chang, Mark E.P. Prince, Arvind Rao, Steven B. Chinn. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of primary head and neck cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-006.
A Frobenius variant of Seshadri constants

We define and study a version of Seshadri constant for ample line bundles in positive characteristic. We prove that lower bounds for this constant imply the global generation or very ampleness of the corresponding adjoint line bundle. As a consequence, we deduce that the criterion for global generation and very ampleness of adjoint line bundles in terms of usual Seshadri constants holds also in positive characteristic.
Damage Control Laparotomy in the Cirrhotic Trauma Patient is Highly Lethal: A Matched Cohort Study.

IntroductionDamage control laparotomy (DCL) has revolutionized trauma care and is considered the standard of care for severely injured patients requiring laparotomy. The role of DCL in cirrhotic pa...
Cultural competency: providing quality care to diverse populations.

Objective The goal of this paper is to define cultural competence and present a practical framework to address crosscultural challenges that emerge in the clinical encounter, with a particular focus on the issue of nonadherence. Data source English-language literature, both primary and reports from various agencies, and the author's personal experiences in clinical practice. Study selection and data extraction Relevant literature on patient-centered care and cultural competence. Data synthesis There is a growing literature that delineates the impact of sociocultural factors, race, ethnicity, and limited-English proficiency on health and clinical care. The field of cultural competence focuses on addressing these issues. Health care providers need a practical set of tools and skills that will enable them to provide quality care to patients during a brief encounter, whatever differences in background that may exist. Cultural competence has evolved from the gathering of information and making of assumptions about patients on the basis of their sociocultural background to the development of skills to implement the principles of patient-centered care. Conclusion This patient-based approach to cross-cultural care consists of first, assessing core cross-cultural issues; second, exploring the meaning of the illness to the patient; third, determining the social context in which the patient lives; and fourth, engaging in negotiation with the patient to encourage adherence. Addressing adherence is a particularly challenging issue, the determinants of which are multifactorial, and the ESFT (explanatory/social/fears/treatment) model--derived from the patient-based approach--is a tool that identifies barriers to adherence and provides strategies to address them. It obviously is impossible to learn everything about every culture and that should not be expected. Instead, we should learn about the communities we care for. More important, we should have a framework that allows us to provide appropriate care for any patient--one that deals with issues of adherence--regardless of the patient's race, ethnicity, or cultural background.
Feature selection and predicting chemotherapy-induced ulcerative mucositis using machine learning methods.

Abstract Objective Ulcerative mucositis (UM) is a devastating complication of most cancer therapies with less recognized risk factors. Whilst risk predictions are most vital in adverse events, we utilized Machine learning (ML) approaches for predicting chemotherapy-induced UM. Methods We utilized 2017 National Inpatient Sample database to identify discharges with antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced UM among those received chemotherapy as part of their cancer treatment. We used forward selection and backward elimination for feature selection; lasso and Gradient Boosting Method were used for building our linear and non-linear models. Results In 2017, there were 253 (unweighted numbers) chemotherapy-induced UM patient discharges from 21,626 (unweighted numbers) adult patients who received antineoplastic chemotherapy as part of their cancer treatment. Our linear model, lasso showed performance (C-statistics) AUC: 0.75 (test dataset), 0.75 (training dataset); the Gradient Boosting Method (GBM) model showed AUC: 0.76 in the training and 0.79 in the test datasets. The feature selection derived from stepwise forward selection and backward elimination methods showed variables of importance––antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced pancytopenia, agranulocytosis due to cancer chemotherapy, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, age, anemia due to chemotherapy, median household income, and depression. Higher importance variable derived from GBM in the order of importance were antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced pancytopenia > co-morbidity score > agranulocytosis due to cancer chemotherapy > age > and fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Further, when the analysis was stratified to females only, the ML models performed better than the unstratified model. Conclusion Our study showed ML methods performed well in predicting the chemotherapy-induced UM. Predictors identified through ML approach matched to the clinically meaningful and previously discussed predictors of the chemotherapy-induced UM.
Asymptomatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 among cancer patients receiving infusional anti-cancer therapy.

Background Little is known regarding the rate and clinical outcomes of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 among patients with cancer. Detection of asymptomatic carriers is important in this population given the use of myelosuppressive and immunomodulating therapies. Understanding the asymptomatic carrier rate will help to develop mitigation strategies in this high-risk cohort. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of an asymptomatic screening protocol which required patients receiving infusional anti-cancer therapy to undergo a symptom/exposure screen and SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing 24-96 h prior to their infusion. The primary outcome of this analysis was the rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcomes included the rate of COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality and delays in oncologic therapy. Results Among a cohort of 2691 cancer patients who underwent asymptomatic screening, 1.6% (N = 43/2691) of patients were found to be SARS-CoV-2 positive on asymptomatic screening. 11.6% (N = 5/43) of the cohort ultimately developed COVID-19-related symptoms. Four patients required hospitalization for complications of COVID-19 infection. No patient died from COVID-related complications. 97.7% (N = 42/43) had their anti-cancer therapy delayed or deferred with a median delay of 21 days (range: 7-77 days). Conclusions Overall, among a cohort of active cancer patients receiving anti-cancer therapy, an asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 PCR-based screening protocol detected a small cohort of asymptomatic carriers. The majority of these patients remained asymptomatic on long-term follow-up and outcomes were much more favorable compared to previously described outcomes of cancer patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection.
Is it Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, Primary Thyroid Lymphoma, or Rosai Dorfman Disease? An Elusive Histopathologic Diagnosis of a Thyroid Mass.

The aim of this study is to present an elusive case of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), initially thought to be anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, then Rosai Dorfman disease, before the final diagnosis of PTL was made. An elderly female with hypothyroidism presented with compressive airway symptoms secondary to an enlarging neck mass. Imaging was suggestive of undifferentiated thyroid cancer. The initial biopsy was unexpectedly consistent with a lymphoproliferative disorder such as Rosai-Dorfman disease. A repeat biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis yielded a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of germinal center subtype. The patient was spared thyroid surgery and started on appropriate chemotherapy. PTL is within the differential diagnosis that physicians must consider in a patient with a rapidly-enlarging neck mass. A clinical index of suspicion and early accurate diagnosis may spare the patient from unnecessary surgery that is required of most other non-hematopoeitic thyroid malignancies.
Cryocooler Load Increase due to External Contamination of Low-∈ Cryogenic Surfaces

An important challenge for the cryogenic system designer of space-instruments is achieving stable emittance values for low-emittance cryogenic surfaces that may be affected by condensed water films or other outgassing products over the life of a mission. Typically, low-emittance cryogenic surfaces getter water films that increase in thickness over time and may lead to significant increases in the cryogenic heat load. If excessive load levels are reached, the cryogenic surfaces must be “defrosted” by raising them to elevated temperatures to evaporate the built-up contaminant films.
Synesthesia and the Arts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses synesthesia and the arts. By means of synesthesia involving color and sound, Baudelaire employs words to translate into music the colors of the paintings he viewed in the exhibition. Synesthesia serves as a means to unify the arts through a psychological unity of the senses. Synesthesia refers to the transfer of qualities from one sensory domain to another, to the translation of texture to tone or of tone to color, smell or taste. Because the various modes of art—poetry, painting, music, sculpture, dance—rest on and appeal to different senses, synesthesia correspondences among the senses thereby can point to similarities and analogies—as well as to differences among the artistic forms.
Abstract 2965: Identification of SMARCA4/BRG1 mutation types in NSCLC cell lines and tumors

Purpose: Identification of SMARCA4/BRG1 mutation types in NSCLC cell lines and tumors. Background: The SMARCA4 gene encodes the major catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and is necessary for the transcriptional regulation of multiple cellular pathways. SMARCA4 is frequently mutated in lung cancer cell lines and in lung cancers. Methods: Sixty four NSCLC cell lines were analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were examined. SMARCA4 mutations were identified by NextGen and/or Sanger sequencing using genomic DNA or cDNA. Gene expression profiles and global methylation was determined by Illumina BeadChips. BRG1 protein was detected by immunoblotting. Results: SMARCA4 abnormalities were divided into Type1 (loss of full length protein, usually due to deletions, non-sense mutations or splicing site mutations) and Type 2 (homozygous or heterozygous missense mutations with protein present). Sequencing often failed to detect large deletions. Loss of SMARCA4/BRG1 resulted in profound downstream effects on the transcriptome and methylome, while existence of BRG1 with mutations has much less effects. Analysis using most significantly regulated transcripts can distinguish SMARCA4 type 1 abnormality from WT group, and indicate that type 2 abnormality effects were heterogeneous. SMARCA4 regulated transcripts are involved in many important cellular functions such as cell movement, death and proliferation and participate in many cytokines and hormone/nuclear receptors-mediated pathways. The expressions of transcription factors FOXA2 and NKX2-1 were decreased, while two groups of cancer testis antigens (CTAs), PRAME and MAGEA family were elevated in NSCLC cell lines and tumors with SMARCA4 mutations/low expression. Furthermore, FOXA2 and NKX2-1 were downregulated in an inducible SMARCA4 knock- down immortalized human lung epithelial cell line. Conclusions: SMARCA4 mutations can be divided into two types having varying downstream effects. Citation Format: Wei Zhang, Yibing Yao, Yunyun Zhou, Xiaotu Ma, Jingsheng Yan, Tao Wang, Luc Girard, John Minna, Guanghua Xiao, Yang Xie, Adi Gazdar. Identification of SMARCA4/BRG1 mutation types in NSCLC cell lines and tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2965. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2965
Chapter 4.7 The pharmacology of anxiolysis

Abstract Anxiety disorders are a diverse class of psychiatric conditions that are proliferating but inadequately treated by existing therapeutics. The development of novel anxiolytic mediations is a very active field of research in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. This chapter provides a precis of five preceding chapters that review research on some of the major neural systems implicated in anxiety disorders and targeted as novel anxiolytic mediations: cannabinoid, glutamate, serotonin, GABA/benzodiazepine, and neuropeptides. A survey of this rich literature indicates that there are many promising developments in the study of the pharmacology of anxiolysis, but still many hurdles to overcome.
An Ethics of Care or an Ethics of Justice

A conflict within the community of those investigating business ethics is whether decision makers are motivated by an ethics of justice or an ethics of caring. The proposition put forward in this paper is that ethical orientations are strongly related to cultural backgrounds. Specifically, Hofstede's cultural stereotyping using his masculine-feminine dimension may well match a culture's reliance on justice or caring when decisions are made. A study of college graduates from six countries showed that Hofstede's dimension was remarkably accurate in predicating a justice or caring orientation for decision makers from five of the six countries.
Impulse noise detection using Laplacian operators and fuzzy logic

An impulse noise detection method for decision-based or switching filters is presented, which uses one-dimensional Laplacian operators. Fuzzy logic has been used to further improve the performance of the proposed detector. Extensive simulations show that the proposed methods provide better performance than the existing techniques. The non-fuzzy method also has the advantage of computational simplicity.
Cultivation Theory and Research: A Conceptual Critique.

This is a critical analysis of how cultivation has been conceptualized in theory and research. Cultivation indicators are examined for their meaning in texts, the meaning received by viewers, and the distinction between estimations and beliefs. The construct of television exposure is analyzed in terms of the assumptions of uniform messages and nonselective viewing, as well as the conception of time and dominance. The nature of relationship is illuminated through the assumptions of linearity, asymmetry, control variables, causation, level of generality, mainstreaming, and resonance. Recommendations are provided to suggest revisions for conceptualizing the existing theory and extending it. Suggestions for extension include reconceptualizing the effect and the relationship, developing a typology of effects, considering the context of other simultaneous influences, providing analysis over time, and examining the process of influence on individuals and on the messages.
Antiferromagnetic order in EuRh 2 ( Ga , In ) 8

We report the structural, magnetic, thermodynamic, and transport properties of ${\mathrm{EuRh}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}$, ${\mathrm{EuRh}}_{2}{\mathrm{In}}_{8}$, and ${\mathrm{YbCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}$. While the two former compounds show the onset of antiferromagnetic order at 20 and $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ respectively, the latter remains nonmagnetic down to lowest temperatures. The electrical resistivity of the magnetic $\mathrm{Eu}$-compounds is nearly unaffected by an external magnetic field, but the nonmagnetic ${\mathrm{YbCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}$ develops a positive magnetoresistance.
Aneurysmal Lesions of Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Contain Clonally Expanded T Cells

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease with often life-threatening consequences. This vascular disorder is responsible for 1–2% of all deaths in men aged 65 years or older. Autoimmunity may be responsible for the pathogenesis of AAA. Although it is well documented that infiltrating T cells are essentially always present in AAA lesions, little is known about their role in the initiation and/or progression of the disease. To determine whether T cells infiltrating AAA lesions contain clonally expanded populations of T cells, we amplified β-chain TCR transcripts by the nonpalindromic adaptor–PCR/Vβ-specific PCR and/or Vβ-specific PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing. We report in this article that aortic abdominal aneurysmal lesions from 8 of 10 patients with AAA contained oligoclonal populations of T cells. Multiple identical copies of β-chain TCR transcripts were identified in these patients. These clonal expansions are statistically significant. These results demonstrate that αβ TCR+ T lymphocytes infiltrating aneurysmal lesions of patients with AAA have undergone proliferation and clonal expansion in vivo at the site of the aneurysmal lesion, in response to unidentified self- or nonself Ags. This evidence supports the hypothesis that AAA is a specific Ag–driven T cell disease.
Adaptive measurement intervals for handoffs

The author exploits the information in signal strength measurements to improve the quality of the handoff decisions in cellular systems. As a vehicle moves, the signal strength changes due to distance from the base station, slow fading, and fast fading. The fluctuations due to slow and fast fading are usually considered as noise in this decision making process. This leads to a tradeoff problem for the averaging interval for the signal strength measurements. If the interval is too short, the fading fluctuations are not sufficiently smoothed out. If the interval is too long, the handoff mechanism is too sluggish. By considering this tradeoff, a method is presented to adaptively change the averaging interval. The method is based on estimating the maximum Doppler frequency, the key to the tradeoff. >
Inhibition-Induced Forgetting Results from Resource Competition between Response Inhibition and Memory Encoding Processes.

Response inhibition is a key component of executive control, but its relation to other cognitive processes is not well understood. We recently documented the “inhibition-induced forgetting effect”: no-go cues are remembered more poorly than go cues. We attributed this effect to central-resource competition, whereby response inhibition saps attention away from memory encoding. However, this proposal is difficult to test with behavioral means alone. We therefore used fMRI in humans to test two neural predictions of the “common resource hypothesis”: (1) brain regions associated with response inhibition should exhibit greater resource demands during encoding of subsequently forgotten than remembered no-go cues; and (2) this higher inhibitory resource demand should lead to memory encoding regions having less resources available during encoding of subsequently forgotten no-go cues. Participants categorized face stimuli by gender in a go/no-go task and, following a delay, performed a surprise recognition memory test for those faces. Replicating previous findings, memory was worse for no-go than for go stimuli. Crucially, forgetting of no-go cues was predicted by high inhibitory resource demand, as quantified by the trial-by-trial ratio of activity in neural “no-go” versus “go” networks. Moreover, this index of inhibitory demand exhibited an inverse trial-by-trial relationship with activity in brain regions responsible for the encoding of no-go cues into memory, notably the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. This seesaw pattern between the neural resource demand of response inhibition and activity related to memory encoding directly supports the hypothesis that response inhibition temporarily saps attentional resources away from stimulus processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent behavioral experiments showed that inhibiting a motor response to a stimulus (a “no-go cue”) impairs subsequent memory for that cue. Here, we used fMRI to test whether this “inhibition-induced forgetting effect” is caused by competition for neural resources between the processes of response inhibition and memory encoding. We found that trial-by-trial variations in neural inhibitory resource demand predicted subsequent forgetting of no-go cues and that higher inhibitory demand was furthermore associated with lower concurrent activation in brain regions responsible for successful memory encoding of no-go cues. Thus, motor inhibition and stimulus encoding appear to compete with each other: when more resources have to be devoted to inhibiting action, less are available for encoding sensory stimuli.
Illinois-Coref: The UI System in the CoNLL-2012 Shared Task

The CoNLL-2012 shared task is an extension of the last year's coreference task. We participated in the closed track of the shared tasks in both years. In this paper, we present the improvements of Illinois-Coref system from last year. We focus on improving mention detection and pronoun coreference resolution, and present a new learning protocol. These new strategies boost the performance of the system by 5% MUC F1, 0.8% BCUB F1, and 1.7% CEAF F1 on the OntoNotes-5.0 development set.
Open system avionics architectures where we are today and where we need to be tomorrow

Over the last three years, open system avionics architecture concepts have been addressed by the avionics community as a method for increasing affordability. The Naval Air Systems Command (Nav Air) led Advanced Avionics Architecture and Technology Review team of 1992, followed by the multiservice Avionics Engineering SubBoard (AESB) implementation phase team are two examples. The Perry memo and formation of the Open Systems Joint Task Force (OS-JTF) are further evidence of the importance placed on open systems at the DoD level. This paper summarizes these activities and their importance. Examples of the savings that can be expected by application of open systems are presented. Finally, significant on-going work along with critical technologies and concepts that need to be matured to make open systems successful are discussed.
Molecular Basis for the Rapid Dissociation of Nuclear Localization Signals from Karyopherin α in the Nucleoplasm

The yeast karyopherin heterodimer Kap60p·Kap95p facilitates nuclear import of proteins bearing a classic nuclear localization signal (NLS). The α subunit Kap60p binds to the NLS of cargo molecules in the cytoplasm, forming stable complexes that must ultimately dissociate in the nucleoplasm. Although Kap60p can release NLSs on its own using an autoinhibitory sequence (AIS) motif that can occupy the NLS binding site, that mechanism is too slow to support rapid nuclear import. We previously showed that the nuclear basket nucleoporin Nup2p and the exportin complex Cse1p·Gsp1p·GTP function as karyopherin release factors (KaRFs) because they can accelerate the rate of dissociation of NLSs from Kap60p. Here we dissect the molecular mechanics of their KaRF activity. We show that Cse1p accelerates dissociation of Kap60p·NLS-cargo complexes and Kap60p·Nup2p complexes by increasing the affinity of Kap60p for its AIS motif. In contrast, Nup2p uses a conserved sequence motif (VMXXRKIA) coupled to an AIS-like motif to accelerate dissociation of Kap60p·NLS complexes in a vectorial reaction mechanism. Mutation of either motif in Nup2p leads to a loss of KaRF activity and to the accumulation of Kap60p·NLS-cargo complexes in the nucleoplasm of yeast. We discuss a model whereby Nup2p, Cse1p, and Gsp1p cooperate to establish directionality in the movement of Kap60p and NLS-cargos across the nuclear pore complex.
Impurity scattering in P-wave superconductors; Sr2RuO4

Abstract We study the effect of impurity scattering of a p -wave superconductor with Δ( k ) = Δ d ( k 1 ± ik 2 ), where the the spin vector d is either d ‖ c or d ‖ − c and k is the quasi-particle wave vector within the a-b plane. A small amount of impurities not only rapidly decreases the superconducting transition temperature, but also introduces the low energy excitation below the energy gap G associated with the major band, which controls both the low temperature thermodynamics and the transport properties.
Encouraging recognition of fair uses in DRM systems

Create subsets of fair uses---safe harbors---that are allowed without the explicit permission of copyright holders.
Pacemaker Wire Extension for Permanent and Temporary Pacing

A pacemaker wire extension was designed and used for temporary pacing in the postoperative period following open-heart operations. When permanent pacing became indicated, the exteriorized extension was removed and the pacemaker was connected to the permanent electrode and placed subcutaneously. This extension wire eliminated repeat thoracotomy following tricuspid valve replacement and enabled us to implant one reliable set of wires to the myocardium. The extension is easily removed using firm traction (Cordis) or local anesthesia (Medtronic).
Miniaturized Mid-Infrared Sensor Technologies

Fundamental vibrational and rotational modes associated with most inorganic and organic molecules are spectroscopically accessible within the mid-infrared (MIR; 3-20 {micro}m) regime of the electromagnetic spectrum. The interaction between MIR photons and organic molecules provides particularly sharp transitions, which - despite the wide variety of organic molecules - provide unique MIR absorption spectra reflecting the molecularly characteristic arrangement of chemical bonds within the probed molecules via the frequency position of the associated vibrational and rotational transitions. Given the inherent molecular selectivity and achievable sensitivity, MIR spectroscopy provides an ideal platform for optical sensing applications. Despite this potential, early MIR sensing applications were limited to localized applications due to the size of the involved instrumentation, and limited availability of appropriately compact MIR optical components including light sources, detectors, waveguides, and spectrometers. During the last decades, engineering advances in photonics and optical engineering have facilitated the translation of benchtop-style MIR spectroscopy into miniaturized optical sensing schemes providing a footprint compatible with portable instrumentation requirements for field deployable analytical tools. In this trend article, we will discuss recent advances and future strategies for miniaturizing MIR sensor technology. The Beer-Lambert law implies that achievable limit of detection (LOD) for any optical sensor system improves by increasing the interaction length between photons and target analyte species such as e.g., folding the optical path multiple times as in multi-pass gas phase sensing; however, this governing paradigm naturally leads to an increase in system dimensions. Hence, miniaturization of optical sensing system requires scaling down of each optical component, yet improving the performance of each optical element within a smaller form factor for overall at least maintaining, or ideally improving the achievable sensitivity.
An interaction between the transfer factors required for protein synthesis.

Abstract The transfer factors Ts and Tu, required for protein synthesis by E. coli , form a stable complex, which can be isolated by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. This interaction may explain the existence of multiple forms of the T factors. The Ts-Tu complex reacts with GTP and could be involved in the formation of a Tu-GTP complex.
A Transverse Fault on the Continental Shelf off Rhode Island

Continuous seismic profiling on the continental shelf off Rhode Island has revealed a fault that strikes north-south and dips to the east. The fault appears near Block Island, Rhode Island, and is traceable 60 km seaward. It is either middle to late Tertiary in age or perhaps was active from pre-Cretaceous to upper Tertiary time. No apparent relationship can be established with known mainland faults of southeastern Connecticut and southern Rhode Island and outer shelf structural features.
A new approach for evaluating regional exposure to particulate matter emissions from motor vehicles

Exposure to fine particulate matter from vehicle exhaust is associated with increased health risk. This study develops a new approach for creating spatially detailed regional maps of fine particulate matter concentration from vehicle exhaust using a dispersion model to better evaluate these risks. The spatial extent, diurnal, and seasonal patterns of concentration fields across Los Angeles County, California are evaluated and population exposure and exposure equity by race and income are investigated. The results demonstrate how this modeling approach can create new knowledge about vehicle emissions exposure. This approach also provides a method for proactively screening out regional plans, or specific projects within these plans, that are likely to cause air quality concerns. A proactive and regional air quality assessment can identify potential problems earlier in the planning process and a wider range of solutions, saving time, money and protecting public health. The detailed concentration maps can also be used to improve the siting of regulatory air quality monitors and provide more accurate exposure data for epidemiology studies.
Shallow Near-Surface Effects on Seismic Waves

The shallow near surface attenuates seismic energy more than is generally appreciated. Within a few feet of the surface, seismic wave velocities drop as low as 100 feet per second for P waves. In addition, the quality factor Q for seismic propagation drops to values as low as 0.3 in unconsolidated, uncompacted soils. As a result, the attenuation length (the distance in which amplitude decreases by l/e) can be as short as one foot for 100 Hz P waves. Attenuation of upcoming seismic reflections and of downgoing airborne noise by the top few feet of soil is so large that it can be advantageous to plant geophones in shallow holes. These “buried” geophones are more effective at detecting high-frequency seismic reflections than are conventional surface geophones.
Abstract 1950: SMURF1 inhibition reduces cancer stem cell-like population in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess capabilities for long-term survival (quiescence), self-renewal, and tumor initiation thought to be responsible for drug resistance and treatment failures for many malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we showed that the activity of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a key regulator of cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, is inhibited in CSC-like populations enriched from HNSCC cell lines. In contrast, the BMP signaling inhibitor SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1) and CD44, a marker of CSCs, were upregulated. Objectives: In this study, we characterized the role of SMURF1 for CSC maintenance and differentiating growth and identified a population of cells regulated by SMURF1. Methods: We generated a stable knockdown of SMURF1 expression in CSC-like populations using a lentivirus delivered shRNA interference construct. Long-term colony formation and Calcein AM dye efflux assays were performed to assess CSC maintenance and differentiating growth. Results: Knockdown of SMURF1 expression by shRNA reduced viability and colony formation of CSC-like cells grown in three-dimensional culture. Furthermore, reduced SMURF1 expression diminished the number of cells capable of dye efflux and decreased CD44 expression (CD44-high) in a select cell population. Conclusion: We interpret our data to suggest that SMURF1 inhibition of BMP signaling potentiates the long-term survival of HNSCC CSCs. Reduced dye efflux and expression of CD44-high cells suggests decreased maintenance of CSC-like populations along with an increased potential for differentiating growth. Targeting SMURF1 may provide a long-term benefit for HNSCC treatment to reduce resistant CSC populations and disease recurrence. Citation Format: Ali Khammanivong, Raj Gopalakrishnan, Erin B. Dickerson. SMURF1 inhibition reduces cancer stem cell-like population in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1950. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1950
Hormone inducible messenger RNA.

Abstract Steroid hormones regulate the synthesis of specific proteins in target tissue by controlling the synthesis of the corresponding messenger RNA's. In the chick oviduct, estrogen and progesterone induce the synthesis and accumulation of the specific messenger RNA's for the hormone-induced egg-white proteins, ovalbumin and avidin, respectively. The messenger RNA coding for ovalbumin has been purified in milligram quantities to apparent homogeneity with respect to various physical, chemical and biological criteria. It was used to generate a radioactive complementary DNA probe using the enzyme reverse transcriptase isolated from RNA viruses. This radioactive probe was utilized to quantitate the levels of ovalbumin messenger RNA in the chick oviduct during estrogen-mediated tissue differentiation. It was also used to measure the number of ovalbumin messenger RNA sequences per cell during acute estrogen stimulation of animals withdrawn from hormone. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that steroid hormones regulate specific gene expression in target cells by a pure transcriptional control mechanism.
A Case for Non-Two-Phase Locking Protocols that Ensure Atomicity

A transaction is atomic if it can be considered, as far as other transactions are concerned, to be indivisible and instantaneous even in the case of failure. An almost universally accepted way to ensure atomicity is to use a strict two-phase locking protocol with a roll-back scheme for recovery in case of deadlock or failure. In this note, we argue that this method is not the most economical way to achieve this end. We develop a Dependency Graph model which is used to analyze the two-phase and non-two-phase locking schemes. It is shown that one way of choosing between the two types of schemes is to estimate the number of rollbacks required. If this number is large, a two-phase scheme is preferable; if small, a non-two-phase scheme should be selected. We demonstrate that with reasonable discipline, the number of such rollbacks can be minimized. Thus, contrary to common practice and belief, non-two-phase protocols can be effectively used in guaranteeing atomicity.
Registered Nurse Supply Grows Faster Than Projected Amid Surge In New Entrants Ages 23–26

The vast preponderance of the nation’s registered nurses are women. In the 1980s and 1990s, a decline in the number of women ages 23–26 who were choosing nursing as a career led to concerns that there would be future nurse shortages unless the trend was reversed. Between 2002 and 2009, however, the number of full-time-equivalent registered nurses ages 23–26 increased by 62 percent. If these young nurses follow the same life-cycle employment patterns as those who preceded them—as they appear to be thus far—then they will be the largest cohort of registered nurses ever observed. Because of this surge in the number of young people entering nursing during the past decade, the nurse workforce is projected to grow faster during the next two decades than previously anticipated. However, it is uncertain whether interest in nursing will continue to grow in the future.