cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Release of octopamine and α-methyloctopamine by l-dopa☆

Abstract The effect of l -dopa on the distribution of 3 H-octoparaine and 3 H-α-methyloctopamine in rat was examined. 3 H-tyramine or 3 H-α-methyltyramine was administered to normal rats and the labeled octopamine recovered by column chromatography. l -Dopa released greater than 95 per cent of the octopamine from both the synaptosomes and the supernatant and greater than 80 per cent of the α-methyloctopamine from the same fractions. Other experiments using inhibitors of dopadecarboxylase as well as inhibitors of β-hydroxylation suggest that the active agent in releasing these β-hydroxylated phenylethanolamines was dopamine.
Effect of heat treatment of carbon nanofibers on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of linear low density polyethylene nanocomposites

The electrical properties and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EM SE) of nanocomposites consisting of heat-treated carbon nanofibers (Pyrograf® III PR-19, CNF) in a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix were assessed. Heat treatment (HT) of carbon nanofibers at 2500°C significantly improved their graphitic crystallinity and intrinsic transport properties, thereby increasing the EM SE of the nanocomposites. Nanocomposites containing 11 vol% (20 wt%) PR-19 HT displayed a DC electrical conductivity of about 1.0 ± 0.1 × 101 S/m (n = 4), about 10 orders of magnitude better than that of as-received PR-19 CNF nanocomposites. Over a frequency range of 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz, nanocomposites (2.5 mm thick) containing PR-19 HT displayed EM SE average values of about 14 ± 2 dB (n = 4). Absorption was determined to be the main EM SE mechanism for the heat-treated CNF nanocomposites. The nanocomposites possessed a modulus of 632 ± 36 MPa (n = 6) (nominally twice that of pure LLDPE) and a strain-to-failure of 180 ± 98% (n = 6), indicating that a significant ductility is retained in the nanocomposites. Such nanocomposites display potential as absorptive electromagnetic interference shielding materials for thin films and micromolding. Copyright
A Simple Nondestructive Method for Determination of Air Content in Polymeric Packages

A new nondestructive method of estimating the residual air volume in food packages was developed and compared with the standard destructive technique. The nondestructive method involved enclosing the test package in a nonflexing, plexiglass container and placing this container into a vacuum chamber. Monitoring changes in volume at two vacuum levels and using Boyle's Law, the air content of more than fifty polymeric packages was computed. The difference between the destructive and nondestructive volumes was found to be statistically insignificant.
A RHIZOPLAST IN CARTERIA RADIOSA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)12

SUMMARY A rhizoplast or rhizoplast-like structure was observed with the electron microscope in Carteria radiosa. The cross-banded structure extends from the proximal end of each of at least 2 of the basal bodies and extends toward, although does not make contact with, the nucleus. The rhizoplast terminates in a ribosome-free area composed of fine granules and microfibrils. This is the first ultrastructural verification of a rhizoplast in a volvocalean alga.
Locus of Control in Relation to Sex and Nationality A Cross-Cultural Study

Locus of control was compared in American college students and Swedish gymnasium students. Swedish women were more externally oriented than Swedish men or Americans of either sex; Swedish men did not differ from Americans. Differences in locus of control were only modestly related to perception of government versus individual locus of responsibility. Locus of control orientation was not significantly related to sex-role attitude.
Unemployment Insurance Takeup Rates and the After-Tax Value of Benefits

The recent decline in the unemployment insurance (UI) takeup rate has puzzled researchers. Using administrative data with accurate information on the potential level and duration of benefits, we examine whether a separating employee receives UI. We find a strong positive effect of the benefit level on takeup, and smaller effects of the potential duration and the tax treatment of benefits. Simulations indicate that the recent inclusion of UI in the income tax base can account for most of the previously unexplained decline in UI receipt.
Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single-voxel proton spectroscopy, two-point dixon and three-point IDEAL.

Hepatic fat fraction (HFF) was measured in 28 lean/obese humans by single-voxel proton spectroscopy (MRS), a two-point Dixon (2PD) and a three-point iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) method (3PI). For the lean, obese and total subject groups, the range of HFF measured by MRS was 0.3–3.5% (1.1±1.4%), 0.3–41.5% (11.7±12.1), and 0.3–41.5% (10.1±11.6%), respectively For the same groups, the HFF measured by 2PD was −6.3–2.2% (−2.0±3.7%), −2.4–42.9% (12.9±13.8%), and −6.3–42.9% (10.5±13.7%), respectively, and for 3PI they were 7.9–12.8% (10.1±2.0%), 11.1–49.3% (22.0±12.2%), and 7.9–49.3% (20.0±11.8%), respectively. The HFF measured by MRS was highly correlated with those measured by 2PD (r=0.954, p<0.001) and 3PI (r=0.973, p<0.001). With the MRS data as a reference, the percentages of correct diagnosis of fatty liver with the MRI methods ranged 75–93% for 2PI and 79–89% for 3PI. Our study demonstrates that the apparent HFF measured by the MRI methods can significantly vary depending on the choice of water-fat separation methods and sequences. Such variability may limit the clinical application of the MRI methods, particularly when a diagnosis of early fatty liver needs to be performed. Therefore, protocol-specific establishment of cutoffs for liver fat content may be necessary.
AN EXPORT MARKETING MODEL FOR LESS - DEVELOPED COUNTRIES : A CASE STUDY OF TURKEY IN LIGHT OF THE JAPANESE EXPERIENCE

Less-developed countries (LDCs) rely heavily on export marketing to obtain foreign currencies necessary for economic development. Several new developments in the theory of international trade have been incorporated to form general guidelines for an export marketing model for LDCs. The model also incorporates some of the features of the successful Japanese export strategy. Its usefulness is illustrated by applying it to Turkey, and LDC which could greatly benefit from an increase in export marketing.
RDataTracker and DDG Explorer

Scientific data provenance is gaining interest among both scientists and computer scientists. The current state of the art of provenance capture requires scientists to adopt new technologies, most commonly workflow systems such as Kepleri¾?[BML+06], Vistrailsi¾?[SKS+08] or Tavernai¾?[MBZ+08], among others. While there are likely additional benefits to adopting these systems, they present a hurdle to scientists who are more interested in focusing on science than in learning new technologies. The work described in this poster is aimed at exploring the extent to which we can support scientists while expecting a minimal investment in terms of additional effort on their part.
Ring formation on an inclined surface

A drop dried on a solid surface will typically leave a narrow band of solute deposited along the contact line. Here we examine variations of this deposit due to the inclination of the substrate using numerical simulations of a two-dimensional drop, equivalent to a strip-like drop. An asymptotic analysis of the contact line region predicts that the upslope deposit will grow faster at early times, but the growth of this deposit ends sooner because the upper contact line depins first. From our simulations we find that the deposit can be larger at either the upper or lower contact line depending on the initial drop volume and substrate inclination. For larger drops and steeper inclinations, the early lead in deposited mass at the upper contact line is wiped out by the earlier depinning of the upper contact line and subsequent continued growth at the lower contact line. Conversely, for smaller drops and shallower inclinations, the early lead of the upper contact line is insurmountable despite its earlier termination in growth. Our results show that it is difficult to reconstruct a posteriori the inclination of the substrate based solely on the shape of the deposit.
Chapter 16 – Overview

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of mesial temporal sclerosis. Patients with mesial temporal sclerosis have a typical interictal and ictal EEG, which is just an expression of the constant localization of the epileptogenic zone to the mesial temporal region. Surface recordings show spikes and sharp waves localized primarily to sphenoidal and nasopharyngeal electrodes or in the anterior temporal-inferior frontal region. The depth electrodes and electrodes placed directly on the hippocampal gyrus usually demonstrate extremely localized seizure onsets at a time when no alterations are evident when recording simultaneously with surface electrodes. Neuropsychological testing of the patients with mesial temporal sclerosis has greatly contributed to understanding of the function of the hippocampus. Studies also showed that one hippocampus can compensate for most of the functions of the contralateral hippocampus. This is the reason that resection of one hippocampus, if the other hippocampus is relatively intact, leads only to mild to moderate memory deficits. It is observed that mesial temporal sclerosis is a focal epileptic syndrome that presents an unusually stereotyped clinical picture because the underlying pathology is extremely constant and it consistently affects the same neurological substrate.
Characterization of the Heimdal Sandstones within Alveim, Quads 24 and 25, Norwegian North Sea

The economics of small fields commonly mean that more attention is needed to create robust geological models ahead of development. Full integration of available core, electronic log and seismic data is essential to reduce uncertainty. In this paper we aim to illustrate how an iterative integration between disciplines has helped to evaluate prospects within the Alveim discovery as the field is delineated. Alveim lies in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, within parts of quadrants 24 and 25. The primary play is the Paleocene Heimdal Sandstones, which lie up-depositional dip from the Heimdal gas field. The first exploration wells, (24/6-2 and 25/4-3), had proved the presence of both gas and oil within the area. However, subtle closures and imaging problems within the reservoir had made it difficult to initially assess the potential volumes of the prospect. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon column varied across the development area, partially in response to the complex topography (loft) developed at top reservoir. High-order fan abandonment surfaces were recognized and utilized to understand the gross architecture of the Heimdal fan. The sedimentology and depositional processes of the uppermost sequence were then analyzed through full core description. The resulting model was then tested against the observations made from the most recent, higher resolution, seismic analysis, and was then integrated into the geological model.
Mediating Water Temperature Increases Due to Livestock and Global Change in High Elevation Meadow Streams of the Golden Trout Wilderness.

Rising temperatures due to climate change are pushing the thermal limits of many species, but how climate warming interacts with other anthropogenic disturbances such as land use remains poorly understood. To understand the interactive effects of climate warming and livestock grazing on water temperature in three high elevation meadow streams in the Golden Trout Wilderness, California, we measured riparian vegetation and monitored water temperature in three meadow streams between 2008 and 2013, including two “resting” meadows and one meadow that is partially grazed. All three meadows have been subject to grazing by cattle and sheep since the 1800s and their streams are home to the imperiled California golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita). In 1991, a livestock exclosure was constructed in one of the meadows (Mulkey), leaving a portion of stream ungrazed to minimize the negative effects of cattle. In 2001, cattle were removed completely from two other meadows (Big Whitney and Ramshaw), which have been in a “resting” state since that time. Inside the livestock exclosure in Mulkey, we found that riverbank vegetation was both larger and denser than outside the exclosure where cattle were present, resulting in more shaded waters and cooler maximal temperatures inside the exclosure. In addition, between meadows comparisons showed that water temperatures were cooler in the ungrazed meadows compared to the grazed area in the partially grazed meadow. Finally, we found that predicted temperatures under different global warming scenarios were likely to be higher in presence of livestock grazing. Our results highlight that land use can interact with climate change to worsen the local thermal conditions for taxa on the edge and that protecting riparian vegetation is likely to increase the resiliency of these ecosystems to climate change.
REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH CALCIFEROL IN THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMIZED LACTATING RATS.

SummaryThyroparathyroidectomized lactating rats were administered calciferol (Vit. D2) at a level of 0.2 mg/100 g BW in conjunction with 3 μg L-thyroxine/100 g BW from day 4 to 19. Milk yields determined on day 14, 16, 18, and 20 were not significantly different from the milk yield of a group of sham-operated rats but were higher than in a larger group of control animals. The litter weight of the experimental group was less than the sham-operated controls. Eight hours after operation serum Ca declined from 10.2 to 6.4 mg% but was restored to normal levels by calciferol on day 14 and 20. DNA content of the mammary glands of the two groups was similar. These data suggest that calciferol can take the place of the parathyroid hormone in mobilizing serum calcium adequate for the requirements of lactation in rats.
Study on changes in heart rate deceleration capacity and variability and their correlation in healthy infants

Objectives To observe the changes in heart rate deceleration capacity(DC),acceleration capacity(AC) and heat rate variability(HRV) and their correlation in healthy infants.Methods A total of 82 healthy infants who were divided into early infant group(6 months) and late infant group(6-12 months) received 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram examination.The DC and AC value,time domain indices(SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,PNN50) and frequency domain indices(LF,HF) of HRV were measured automatically by computer and compared between two infant groups.Moreover,the association of DC,AC value and HRV indices was analyzed.Results In late infant group,the DC value was(3.96±1.53) ms,higher than that in early infant group(3.20±1.44) ms,while the AC value was(-3.84±1.10) ms,lower than that in early infant group(-3.11±0.95) ms,and the differences were significant(P0.05).The DC value derived from24-hour Holter recordings was negatively related to heart rate(r=-0.56,P=0.000),while positively related to SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,PNN50,LF and HF(r=0.25~0.75,P0.05).The AC value derived from 24-hour Holter recordings was positively related to heart rate(r=0.78,P=0.000),while negatively related to SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,PNN50,LF and HF(r=-0.88~-0.56,P0.01).Conclusions The DC value and HRV indices are increased with age while AC value was decreased with age.The DC and AC value are closely associated with heart rate and HRV indices.
A Host Injection Testing Method of Fault Treatment Performance for Distribution Automation Systems

In order to better test the fault treatment performance of the distribution automation system,a host injection testing method is put forward that is capable of simulating various faults on the feeders to test the feeder-automation behavior of a distribution automation system.The composition of the proposed host injection testing platform is described.The principle and basic steps of the host injection testing platform are detailed.The application results show that the proposed method is suitable for use as a test tool in factory acceptance test,site acceptance test and practical testing.
Structure and Function of the ZTL/FKF1/LKP2 Group Proteins in Arabidopsis

The ZTL/FKF1/LKP2 group proteins are LOV-domain-based blue-light photoreceptors that control protein degradation by ubiquitination. These proteins were identified relatively recently and are known to be involved in the regulation of the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. In this review, we focus on two topics. First, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which ZTL and FKF1 regulate these biological phenomena based on genetic and biochemical analyses. Next, we discuss the chemical properties of the ZTL family LOV domains obtained from structural, biophysical, and photochemical characterizations of the LOV domains. These two different levels of approach unveiled the molecular mechanisms by which plants utilize ZTL and FKF1 proteins to monitor light for daily and seasonal adaptation.
Use of animals in research: a science--society controversy? The American perspective: animal welfare issues.

My paper will focus on those events happening within the United States during the last year. The issue of including or excluding rats, birds and mice from inclusion under the Animal Welfare Act has been a difficult battle for both those that wish to exclude them and those that wish to include these animals under this legislation. As of the writing of this abstract, the Senate, which originally intended to include rats, birds and mice under the Animal Welfare Act, has passed an amendment which will permanently exclude their listing under this Act. During the last several years it has become clear that refinement, as one of the 3Rs, has and will become the most important set of activities to add humanness to animal experimentation. It is clear that refinement approaches provide the opportunity to possibly eliminate or significantly minimize any pain or distress in animal protocol. My presentation will focus on CAAT's (http://caat.jhsph.edu) activities in this important area. Understanding potential health hazards to environmental industrial chemicals has become a major focus of activity both in the US, Europe and Japan. These programs offer the first opportunity to provide information, in the public domain, on these chemicals. One of the consequences, however, is the potential requirement for large numbers of animals. In the presentation, I will focus on two approaches to significantly including the 3Rs in these important programs. Although it is common practice in Japan to recognize contributions of laboratory animals through a day of memorialization, this has not been the case in the United States. During the last year, several activities have been initiated to begin to institutionalize memorial services for animals used in research. As the host institution of Altweb (http://altweb.jhsph.edu), the alternative web site internationally, current statistics and accomplishments will be provided on its worldwide utilization.
Teaching the Tenets of Quality: A Survey of Medical Schools and Programs in Health Administration

This article reports the results of a survey of medical schools and programs in health administration to determine the national scope of the teaching of quality assurance in higher education. The responses from 98 medical schools and 64 schools of public health or health administration programs suggest that medical schools have not yet successfully integrated training in QA into the medical school or residency curriculum. Health administration programs appear to give QA courses more serious attention, to offer a more well-rounded program in QA, and to evaluate students' progress in QA courses more carefully. No statistically significant differences were found between public and private medical schools, between undergraduate and graduate levels, or across geographic regions in response rates or in provision of QA training.
Diagnosis and management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding

The menopausal years are characterized by a deficiency of progesterone and relative hyperestrogenism. This hormonal imbalance creates an environment favorable for the development of endometrial hyperplasia. The pathologic progression of hyperplasia to endometrial carcinoma can be arrested with progestogen therapy. A simple diagnostic approach for peri- and postmenopausal bleeding disorders is presented, along with a rational treatment regimen. Some of the risks and benefits of hormonal replacement therapy are discussed.
An Overview of Low-Emission Combustion Research at NASA Glenn

An overview of research efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in low-emission combustion technology that have made a significant impact on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission reduction in aircraft propulsion is presented. The technology advancements and their impact on aircraft emissions are discussed in the context of NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) high-level goals in fuel burn, noise and emission reductions. The highlights of the research presented here show how the past and current efforts laid the foundation for the engines that are flying today as well as how the continued technology advancements will significantly influence the next generation of aviation propulsion system designs.
Abstract 14043: Enhanced Integrin α4β1-mediated Adhesion Contributes to a Mobilization Defect of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetes

While previous studies have identified a deficit of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in diabetic conditions (diabetic “mobilopathy”), the basis for these deficits are not completely understood. To model the adhesive properties of EPCs in diabetic conditions, we cultured these cells in high glucose and found that they had stronger adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. This enhanced adhesion was associated with decreased expression of protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1β (PRKAR1β), consequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA), and phosphorylation of the α4 integrin on serine 988. The potentiating effects of high glucose on adhesion were mimicked by direct PKA activation and reversed by treatment with a PKA inhibitor, overexpression of PRKAR1β or expression of a phosphorylation-defective α4 integrin (α4-S988A). Using the STZ model of type I diabetes, we show that α4-S988A-expressing mice have more circulating EPCs than do their wild type counterparts (2.6 ± 0.5 fold). Furthermore, the diabetic α4-S988A mice demonstrate enhanced revascularization (1.50 ± 0.3 fold vs. WT) and tissue repair after hind limb ischemia. Thus, hyperglycemic conditions potentiate the adhesion of EPCs to bone marrow stromal cells which results in an in vivo mobilization defect. Mutational reversal of this increased adhesion liberates EPCs and promotes re-endothelialization in ischemic tissues, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to treat diabetic vascular complications.
Statesmen, Men of Affairs, and Men of Letters

As I proceed to the third group of men whose names should not be omitted in a history of thought on economic unification or integration, two brief reminders may be permitted: one, that the economic integration proposed or opposed may be national, regional, or worldwide; the other, that the inclusion of a name in this group of men need not imply a judgement that the person here named cannot be regarded as a political economist. Persons are listed as statesmen, men of affairs, or men of letters because it is chiefly in these capacities or for achievements in these fields that they have become known to the world.
Satisfaction Domains Differ between the Patient and Their Family in Adult Intensive Care Units

Background. Patients' and family's satisfaction data from the Asian intensive care units (ICUs) is lacking. Objective. Domains between patient and family satisfaction and contribution of each domain to the general satisfaction were studied. Method. Over 3 months, adult patients across 4 ICUs staying for more than 48 hours with abbreviated mental test score of 7 or above and able to understand English and immediate family members were surveyed by separate validated satisfaction questionnaires. Results. Two hundred patients and 194 families were included in the final analysis. Significant difference in the satisfaction scores was observed between the ICUs. Patients were most and least satisfied in the communication (4.2 out of 5) and decision-making (2.9 out of 5) domains, respectively. Families were most and least satisfied in the relationship with doctors (3.9 out of 5) and family's involvement domains (3.3 out of 5), respectively. Domains contributing most to the general satisfaction were the illness management domain for patients (β coefficient = 0.44) and characteristics of doctors and nurses domain for family (β coefficient = 0.45). Discussion. In an Asian ICU community, patients and families differ in their expectations and valuations of health care processes. Health care providers have difficult tasks in attending to these different domains.
Hazard Analyses of Char siu and Roast Pork in Chinese Restaurants and Markets.

Evaluations of time-temperature exposure of each stage of the preparation of char siu (marinated roast pork) were made at six Chinese restaurants and a market. These evaluations were also made of roast pork at the market. Samples of these products at the various stages of preparation and swabs of equipment surfaces that the pork touched during preparation were tested for Clostridium perfringens , Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus . The water activity of other samples was also determined. Temperatures attained at the geometric center of these pork products during roasting in ovens or after cooking ceased were such that vegetative pathogenic food borne bacteria should have been killed, if present. The cooked products were often displayed in warming cabinets or window counters at which time their temperatures were within a range that would permit rapid bacterial growth for several hours. Reheating of leftover pork was inadequate to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that grew or toxins that were produced during storage. The water activity of char siu was frequently at a level that would increase the bacterial lag phase and slow the rate of growth of pathogenic bacteria from optimum. A few samples of char siu were contaminated by low numbers of C. perfringens and a sample of raw and roast pork with S. aureus . There were opportunities for contamination of cooked pork products during preparation, particularly at the market. Critical control points for these operations--handling after cooking, hot-holding, cooling and reheating--are given along with measures for controlling and monitoring these points.
National trends following decompression, discectomy, and fusion in octogenarians and nonagenarians

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database is used to evaluate a wide variety of surgical procedures across a range of specialties. The authors of this study assess national trends of the three commonest spine procedures performed (decompression, fusion, and discectomy) in patients between the ages of 80 and 100 years (octogenarians and nonagenarians). The NIS database was queried to identify patients between the ages of 80 and 100 with a primary diagnosis of spinal stenosis, disk herniation without myelopathy, or protrusion due to degeneration of spine/disk disorders and who have undergone spinal decompression, fusion, or discectomy between the years 1998 and 2011. Variables of concern included length-of-stay (LOS), non-routine discharge, average total charges, in-hospital complications, and mortality rate. Decompression was the most common procedure performed (n = 113,267, 50.5%). Fusion (n = 60,345, 26.9%) was associated with the longest LOS (5.1 days), highest in-hospital complication and mortality rates (n = 13,170, 21.8% and n = 449, 0.7%, respectively), most non-routine discharges (n = 42,662, 70.7%), and highest mean for average total charges ($69,295) (p < 0.001). Discectomy (n = 50,740, 22.6%), had the shortest LOS (3.7 days), lowest complication and mortality rates (n = 6823, 13.4% and n = 102, 0.2%, respectively), fewest non-routine discharges (n = 22,861, 45.1%), and lowest mean for average total charges ($22,787) (p < 0.001). Decompression was most common. Fusion had the longest LOS, highest complication and mortality rates, most non-routine discharges, and was most expensive. Discectomy was least commonly performed, had the shortest LOS, lowest complication and mortality rates, fewest non-routine discharges, and was least expensive.
Distributed dynamic MCU for video conferencing in peer-to-peer network

In this paper, we present a novel Multipoint Video Conferencing (MVC) architecture based on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) platform, such as Gnutella where the Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) is dynamically migrated among the participating peers. The proposed architecture minimizes network traffic and delays by choosing Weighted Center of Graph (WCG) as MCU using an election protocol. We optimize frequency of MCU migration to avoid performance degradation for continuous MCU movement. For large scale video conferencing, single peer MCU can be the bottleneck. So, we distribute the responsibilities of MCU over peers throughout the network applying constraints on bandwidth and computing capacity of each peer. The experimental result shows that the system of Distributed Dynamic MCU (DDMCU) with WCG mostly outperforms systems mediated by Distributed Static MCU (DSMCU).
When Schooling Becomes a Tactic of Security: Educating to Counter “Extremism”

ABSTRACTThe intent of this series is to generate a space for critical reflection and inquiry on a burgeoning form of sociopolitical labor of schooling, that of educating against “extremism.” In the United States’ ongoing “War on Terror” being waged across the Middle East, North and East Africa, and South Asia, formal and informal schooling have long been conscripted into efforts to mitigate extremism among “vulnerable” youth populations. More recently, the rise of strident anti-immigrant and anti-refugee sentiments across North America and Europe has contributed to the normalization of xenophobic-and particularly Islamophobic-political discourse. In this climate, state surveillance and policing of immigrant and Muslim communities are proliferating (as are racially/religiously motivated attacks against them). Regardless of their citizenship status, youth from these communities (or who are imagined to be from these communities) are often construed as vulnerable/threatening Others. This has implications for ...
On the Interaction between Severe Storms and Large Cumulus Clouds

Dr. Newton has discussed the effect of the environmental wind field on cloud growth. We shall confine ourselves to considering the effect of the low level synoptic-scale convergence field, which appears to be important in many cases.
Effects of Residual Solvent Molecules Facilitating the Infiltration Synthesis of ZnO in a Nonreactive Polymer

Infiltration synthesis, the atomic-layer-deposition-based organic–inorganic material hybridization technique that enables unique hybrid composites with improved material properties and inorganic nanostructures replicated from polymer templates, is shown to be driven by the binding reaction between reactive chemical groups of polymers and perfusing vapor-phase material precursors. Here, we discover that residual solvent molecules from polymer processing can react with infiltrating material precursors to enable the infiltration synthesis of metal oxides in a nonreactive polymer. The systematic study, which combines in situ quartz crystal microgravimetry, polarization-modulated infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, shows that the ZnO infiltration synthesis in nominally nonreactive SU-8 polymer is mediated by residual processing solvent cyclopentanone, a cyclic ketone whose Lewis-basic terminal carbonyl group can react with the inf...
Time and Awareness in Free Recall and Subjective Organization

Presentation time and recall time were studied in a multitrial free-recall situation. A group unpaced in presentation and recall time was also included. Free recall, subjective organization (SO) and awareness of organizational strategy were measured. Results indicated that (a) presentation time directly affected both free recall and SO, (b)recall time directly affected free recall, (c) increased recall time led to increases in SO only during the last half of the trials, (d) the unpaced group had significantly higher free recall than any other groups, (e) Ss’ descriptions of their strategies were predictive of amount of SO exhibited.
Measurement and Prediction of the Heat of Adsorption and Equilibrium Concentration of CO2 on Zeolite 13X

Adsorption isotherms are reported for pure carbon dioxide on zeolite 13X (also called zeolite NaX) pellets over a temperature range of 0 to 200 °C and a pressure range of 0.001 to 100 kPa. These pure-component equilibria are fit with Langmuir, Toth, two-site Langmuir, and three-site Langmuir models, both with and without temperature dependence being included in the saturation capacity. The agreement between fitted and measured isotherms is shown to increase with increasing number of available fitting parameters in the model, with the constant-saturation, two-site Langmuir isotherm providing the best balance between agreement with the measurements and model complexity. The isosteric heats of adsorption are measured across a temperature range from 10 to 200 °C using differential scanning calorimetry. The measured heats of adsorption decrease with increasing CO2 loading but show little variation with temperature. The measurements are shown to agree with predicted heats of adsorption derived from the fitted L...
Random Fractals and Markov Processes

This is a survey on the sample path properties of Markov processes, especially fractal properties of the random sets and measures determined by their sample paths. The class of Markov processes considered in this paper include Levy processes in ℝ, diffusions on fractals and on ℝ, Feller processes determined by pseudo-differential operators and so on. We summarize recent results for Levy processes such as the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of their ranges, level sets, and multiple points; regularity properties of local times and self-intersection local times; multifractal analysis of the occupation measures and sample paths. Our emphasis is on general Markovian techniques that are applicable to other Markov processes.
Sirt3 targets mPTP and prevents aging in the heart.

The incidence of heart failure dramatically increases with aging. An important feature of cardiac aging is an increase in susceptibility to stress, such as ischemia and hemodynamic overload [1]. The heart is an organ in which mitochondria are abundant and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress is believed to be an important cause of aging and failure. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction, causes release of pro-apoptotic factors and depletion of ATP, and eventually induces apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes depending upon the severity of ATP depletion. Elucidating the molecular mechanism by which mPTP opening is regulated during aging would provide an important clue for developing modalities to reduce the incidence of heart failure in elderly patients.
Chapter 27 Neural plasticity after brain damage

Publisher Summary The greater recovery following neonatal damage also is partly because the neonatal brain can resist deleterious changes that occur following brain damage in adults. For example, posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) cortical binocularity that is lost following adult visual cortex (VC) damage is sustained following neonatal damage. The greater recovery in neonates is partly because the neonatal brain can develop new projections or physiological properties, whereas the adult brain cannot. For example, cortical direction selectivity is lost following both neonatal and adult VC damage, but young kittens can re-develop this property whereas adults cannot. This greater capacity for anatomical and physiological compensation in neonates occurs despite the fact that some consequences of the damage are more severe in neonates than adults. For example, the retrograde degeneration in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and retina are more severe following VC damage in newborn kittens than in adult cats, but the remaining retinal and LGN cells are able to compensate better in newborn kittens than in adults. Brain damage has anatomical and physiological effects that extend well beyond the damaged tissue. In the visual system, for example, VC damage produces anterograde changes in structures that normally receive VC inputs and retrograde changes in structures that normally send projections to VC. The retrograde changes, as well as anterograde change can even be transneuronal. Despite these deleterious effects of brain damage, some recovery is possible. The recovery that occurs in adults does not depend on neural plasticity or reorganization in remaining brain tissue. Rather, remaining areas of the brain, including those that are abnormal as a result of the damage, appear to serve functions for which they were not critical before the damage.
Duality of departmental specializations and PhD exchange: A Weberian analysis of status in interaction using multilevel exponential random graph models (mERGM)

Abstract Weber proposes that lifestyle similarities preserve status by producing interactional closure between status similar actors. I investigate this theory on academic status hierarchies by conceptualizing sub-disciplinary specializations as departmental lifestyles and PhD exchange networks as interdepartmental interactions. Multilevel exponential random graph models (mERGM) reveal that the more specializations departments share, the more likely they are to exchange personnel. On the flip side, departments that do not share specializations are less likely to exchange doctoral candidates. Moreover, shared specializations are key determinants of closure between elite departments. These results support Weber’s theory and suggest that shared specializations preserve existing patterns of inequality between elite and non-elite departments.
Transsacadic Information and Corollary Discharge in Local Field Potentials of Macaque V1.

Approximately three times per second, human visual perception is interrupted by a saccadic eye movement. In addition to taking the eyes to a new location, several lines of evidence suggest that the saccades play multiple roles in visual perception. Indeed, it may be crucial that visual processing is informed about movements of the eyes in order to analyze visual input distinctly and efficiently on each fixation and preserve stable visual perception of the world across saccades. A variety of studies has demonstrated that activity in multiple brain areas is modulated by saccades. The hypothesis tested here is that these signals carry significant information that could be used in visual processing. To test this hypothesis, local field potentials were simultaneously recorded from multiple electrodes in macaque primary visual cortex; support vector machines were used to classify the peri-saccadic LFPs. We find that LFPs in area V1 carry information that can be used to distinguish neural activity associated with fixations from saccades, precisely estimate the onset time of fixations, and reliably infer the directions of saccades. This information may be used by the brain in processes including visual stability, saccadic suppression, receptive field remapping, fixation amplification, and trans-saccadic visual perception.
Consumption of cashew nuts does not influence blood lipids or other markers of cardiovascular disease in humans: a randomized controlled trial.

Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a qualified health claim for tree nuts and reduction of cardiovascular disease. However, cashews are excluded from that claim due to their content of saturated fats, which is predominantly stearic acid. Because stearic acid is neutral with respect to blood lipids, several studies have been conducted to test the effect of cashew nuts on blood lipids, and these studies have produced conflicting results. Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a highly controlled intervention to determine the effect of cashews fed at the amount specified in the health claim on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 42 adults participated in a controlled-feeding study conducted as a randomized crossover trial with 2 treatment phases. The volunteers were provided the same base diet in both treatment phases, with no additions during the control phase and with the addition of 1.5 servings (42 g) of cashews/d for the cashew nut phase. During the cashew nut phase, the amount of all foods was decreased proportionally to achieve isocaloric overall diets in the 2 phases. After 4 wk of intervention, assessments included blood lipids, blood pressure, central (aortic) pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), adhesion molecules, and clotting and inflammatory factors. Results There were no significant differences in blood lipids, blood pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, adhesion molecules, or clotting factors in this weight-stable cohort. PCSK9 was significantly decreased after cashew consumption, although there was no change in LDL cholesterol. Conclusions Consumption of 1.5 servings of cashew nuts/d, the amount associated with the FDA qualified health claim for tree nuts and cardiovascular disease, did not positively or adversely affect any of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02628171.
NOT YOUR MAMA'S MI: CHEST PAIN IN A POSTPARTUM WOMAN

Postpartum myocardial infarction(MI) is an important syndrome with multiple etiologies and diagnostic challenges. A healthy 28 year-old female presents with substernal chest pressure 12 days after delivery of a baby boy. She is taking a vitamin and weight loss pill. EKG showed poor R-wave
Lamb Wave Mode Decomposition Based on Cross-Wigner-Ville Distribution and Its Application to Anomaly Imaging for Structural Health Monitoring

Lamb waves are characterized by their multimodal and dispersive propagation, which often complicates analysis. This paper presents a method for separation of the mode components and reflected components in sensor signals in an active structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The system is trained using linear chirp signals but works for arbitrary excitation signals. The training process employs the cross-Wigner-Ville distribution (xWVD) of the excitation signal and the sensor signal to separate the temporally overlapped modes in the time-frequency domain. The mode decomposition method uses a ridge extraction algorithm to separate each signal component in the time-frequency distribution. Once the individual modes are separated in the time-frequency domain, they are reconstructed in the time domain using the inverse xWVD operation. The propagation impulse response associated with each component can be directly estimated for chirp inputs. The estimated propagation impulse response can be used to separate the modes resulting from arbitrary excitation signals as long as their frequency components fall in the range of the chirp signal. The usefulness of the mode decomposition algorithm is demonstrated on a new health monitoring system for composite structures. This system performs anomaly imaging using the first arriving mode extracted from sensor array signals acquired from the structure. The anomaly maps are computed using a sparse tomographic reconstruction algorithm. The reconstructed map can locate anomalies on the structure and estimate their boundaries. Comparisons with methods that do not employ mode decomposition and/or sparse reconstruction techniques indicate a substantially better performance for the method of this paper.
Police in schools and student arrest rates across the United States: Examining differences by race, ethnicity, and gender

Implementing police in schools is a common strategy for ensuring school safety, but it is unknown whether, to what extent, and for whom the presence of police in schools affects student arrest rate...
A labor of love: The impact of same-sex marriage on labor supply

We study how the average labor supply of gay men and lesbian women responds to the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States. We exploit variation in the timing of legalization across states from 2003 to 2015, and we use a difference-in-differences strategy. Gay men do not alter hours in paid work in response to legalization, but lesbian women do. On average, lesbian women reduce their annual labor supply by 6 percent in response to marriage equality. A battery of robustness checks reinforces the result. The effect of marriage equality is heterogeneous: women who have lower earnings than their partners decrease hours of work 2.5 times more than their partners. Time use data show that lesbian partners reallocate work hours primarily to care labor.
The Solution to the Frame Quantum Detection Problem

We will give a complete solution to the frame quantum detection problem. We will solve both cases of the problem: the quantum injectivity problem and quantum state estimation problem. We will answer the problem in both the real and complex cases and in both the finite dimensional and infinite dimensional cases. Finite Dimensional Case: (1) We give two complete classifications of the sets of vectors which solve the injectivity problem - for both the real and complex cases. We also give methods for constructing them. (2) We show that the frames which solve the injectivity problem are open and dense in the family of all frames. (3) We show that the Parseval frames which give injectivity are dense in the Parseval frames. (4) We classify all frames for which the state estimation problem is solvable, and when it is not solvable, we give the best approximation to a solution. Infinite Dimensional Case: (1) We give a classification of all frames which solve the injectivity problem and give methods for constructing solutions. (2) We show that the frames solving the injectivity problem are neither open nor dense in all frames. (3) We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a frame to solve the state estimation problem for all measurements in \(\ell _1\) and show that there is no injective frame for which the state estimation problem is solvable for all measurements in \(\ell _2\). (4) When the state estimation problem does not have an exact solution, we give the best approximation to a solution.