cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Function Described in Physical Terms

A description in standard physical terminology of the variations of the left ventricle in its role as a pump was derived. Left ventricular pressure, left ventricular outflow, and an external dimension of the left ventricle were measured in unanesthetized, active dogs during spontaneous activities and infusions of autonomic drugs. Secondary variables pertinent to a functional description of a pump were derived continuously from the primary variables by analogue computers. The derived variables included stroke volume, cardiac output, effective power, stroke work, average power, volume acceleration, rate of change of pressure, duration of systole, and heart rate. These techniques allowed a detailed description in meaningful terminology of the integrated effects on the left ventricle of such stimuli as sleep, startle, exercise, postural variations, and infusions of autonomic drugs. The descriptions of the variations in the characteristics of the left ventricle allow tests to be made of hypothetical cardiovascular control mechanisms. The use of standard, well-accepted, physical terminology allows the descriptions to be evaluated in different laboratories by totally different measuring techniques. The terminology used was contrasted with operationally denned or ambiguous terms such as "contractility" or "vigor of contraction."
Caught in the act: the structure of phosphorylated beta-phosphoglucomutase from Lactococcus lactis.

Phosphoglucomutases catalyze the interconversion of d-glucose 1-phosphate and d-glucose 6-phosphate, a reaction central to energy metabolism in all cells and to the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides in bacterial cells. Two classes of phosphoglucomutases (α-PGM and β-PGM) are distinguished on the basis of their specificity for α- and β-glucose-1-phosphate. β-PGM is a member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily, which includes the sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase, phosphomannomutase, and phosphoserine phosphatase. β-PGM is unusual among family members in that the common phosphoenzyme intermediate exists as a stable ground-state complex in this enzyme. Herein we report, for the first time, the three-dimensional structure of a β-PGM and the first view of the true phosphoenzyme intermediate in the HAD superfamily. The crystal structure of the Mg(II) complex of phosphorylated β-phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM) from Lactococcus lactis has been determined to 2.3 A resolution by multiwavelength anomalous diffract...
Window-based and rate-based transmission control mechanisms over space-Internet links

Space communications urgently need an effective transmission control mechanism. This paper presents an experimental, comparative analysis of window-based transmission control, rate-based transmission control, and a hybrid of the two over error-prone, congestion-free, high-latency, point-to-point space communication links simulated using the space-to-ground link simulation (SGLS) test-bed. The results revealed that the traffic shaping mechanism of rate-based transmission protocol is more effective than the bursting flow of window-based protocol over simulated space communication links with a high error rate and a long link delay. The window-based transmission mechanisms show performance degradation due to traffic bursts and frequent packet retransmissions caused by their acknowledgment (ACK)-clocked transmission control algorithms. Pure rate-control is always preferable to other mechanisms in the simulated congestion-free, error-prone, point-to-point, geostationary-Earth orbit (GEO)-space communication channels, and its advantages become more pronounced when the channel rates are asymmetric. The performance differences come from their different behavior in controlling data transmission.
Predictive correlations for leaking heat transfer fluid aerosols in air

Abstract Mist or aerosol explosions present a serious hazard to process industries. Heat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry, are flammable above their flash points, and can cause aerosol explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about their explosive potential is limited. Studying the formation of such aerosols by emulating leaks in process equipment will help define a source term for aerosol dispersions and aid in characterizing their explosion hazards. Current research conducted at the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves the non-intrusive measurement of heat transfer fluid aerosol sprays using a Malvern Diffraction Particle Analyzer. A predictive correlation relating aerosol droplet diameters to bulk liquid pressures, temperatures, thermal and fluid properties, leak sizes, and ambient conditions is presented. This correlation can be used to predict the conditions under which leaks will result in the formation of aerosols and ultimately help in estimating the explosion hazards of heat transfer fluid aerosols. The goal is to provide information that will help improve safety in process industries.
North Atlantic Barotropic Vorticity Balances in Numerical Models

AbstractNumerical simulations are conducted across model platforms and resolutions with a focus on the North Atlantic. Barotropic vorticity diagnostics confirm that the subtropical gyre is characterized by an inviscid balance primarily between the applied wind stress curl and bottom pressure torque. In an area-integrated budget over the Gulf Stream, the northward return flow is balanced by bottom pressure torque. These integrated budgets are shown to be consistent across model platforms and resolution, suggesting that these balances are robust. Two of the simulations, at 100- and 10-km resolutions, produce a more northerly separating Gulf Stream but obtain the correct integrated vorticity balances. In these simulations, viscous torque is nonnegligible on smaller scales, indicating that the separation is linked to the details of the local dynamics. These results are shown to be consistent with a scale analysis argument that suggests that the biharmonic viscous torque in particular is upsetting the inviscid...
Isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from an Adult with Acute Leukemia

During the course of treatment for acute myelocytic leukemia, Haemophilus aphrophilus was isolated from eight blood cultures associated with the clinical picture of bacterial endocarditis.
Conformation-Directed Catalysis and Coupled Enzyme–Substrate Dynamics in Pin1 Phosphorylation-Dependent Cis–Trans Isomerase

Human peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is an essential enzyme in numerous phosphorylation-dependent regulatory pathways and has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer and Alzheimers. Pin1 specifically catalyzes cis–trans isomerization of prolyl–peptide bonds preceded by phosphorylated serine or phosphorylated threonine in its protein substrates. Yet, little is known about the catalytic mechanism of Pin1 in atomistic detail. Here, we present results from accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to show that catalysis occurs along a restricted path of the backbone configuration of the substrate, selecting out specific conformations of the substrate in the active site of Pin1. We show that the dynamics of Pin1 and the enzyme–substrate interactions are intricately coupled to isomerization during catalysis. The strength of the interactions between the phosphate binding pocket of Pin1 and the phosphate moiety of the substrate is dictated by the state of the substrate d...
Studies of gluconeogenic mitochondrial enzymes. I. A new method of preparing bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase and effects of purification methods on properties of the enzyme.

Abstract A new simple method of preparing bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase in pure crystalline form is described. There are no detectable alterations of the properties of the enzyme prepared with this method. Advantages of this method are its simplicity; essentially identical procedures can be used to purify and crystallize the enzyme from livers of other animals, and other mitochondrial enzymes can be conveniently purified from the mitochondrial extract. Since glutamate dehydrogenase is an allosteric enzyme which is localized in the mitochondria, it seems possible that some of the properties of this enzyme could be altered by purification procedures, especially those used to solubilize the enzyme from the mitochondrial fraction. Therefore various methods were used to solubilize and prepare the enzyme. The properties of the solubilized enzyme were essentially the same regardless of which procedures were used. Therefore it seems that the enzyme is not altered by these procedures and that differences between the bovine and other animal glutamate dehydrogenases are due to differences in the primary structure.
Consolidated Bioprocessing for Ethanol Production

Abstract Ethanol production from cellulosic biomass involves five unit operations: pretreatment, cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and product recovery. ­Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) combines the three biologically mediated steps (cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation) into a single operation. CBP has outstanding potential for providing a breakthrough solution for the biological conversion of cellulosic biomass into ethanol. The implementation of CBP requires microbes that can produce a functional cellulase system while generating ethanol at high yields and concentrations. CBP-enabling microorganisms can be developed via two strategies: a native cellulolytic strategy, which involves identifying a naturally occurring cellulolytic microorganism (or a consortium of microorganisms) and then improving its ability to ferment sugars into ethanol at high yields and at high titers, and a recombinant cellulolytic strategy, which involves engineering noncellulolytic organisms so that they can utilize cellulose to produce ethanol at high yields and titers by heterologously expressing cellulases.
Poverty concentration and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit: Effects of siting and tenant composition

New evidence on the effects of growing up in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty has heightened policy interest in understanding the role housing programs may play in shaping the distribution of poverty. In particular, as the nation's largest source of funding for the construction of affordable rental housing, the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) could play a critical role in shaping the distribution of poverty. This paper examines whether the LIHTC affects the concentration of poverty by examining who lives in tax credit developments in different neighborhoods, and how neighborhoods and metropolitan areas change after LIHTC developments are built. Through assessing both the effects of siting and tenant composition, we find little evidence that the LIHTC is increasing the concentration of poverty – and we find some evidence that it is reducing poverty rates in high-poverty neighborhoods. We also make suggestions for states who want to use LIHTC to do more to deconcentrate poverty.
Combustion of Boron and Boron-Containing Reactive Composites in Laminar and Turbulent Air Flows

ABSTRACTCombustion of boron and reactive composite powders of Al·B·I2 and Mg·B·I2 in air is characterized experimentally. Composite materials are prepared by mechanical milling of elemental starting materials. Particle size distributions for each material and fractal dimensions of the particle agglomerates are characterized using electron microscopy. All powders are injected into a CO2 laser beam and ignited. A turbulent flow pattern is generated just above the laser beam using a cylindrical air knife. Combustion of individual particles is characterized optically in laminar and turbulent flows. Measured particle size distributions are correlated with the measured distributions of the burn times for each powder. Thus, particle burn times are obtained as a function of the particle size. For boron, the exponent of the power law describing the effect of particle size on its burn time is close to 1 for all flow conditions. Temperatures of the burning particles are also measured. It is observed that both boron ...
The Role of Radiation in Uterine Cancer

Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the treatment of uterine cancer, most commonly as adjuvant therapy but in some circumstances as definitive therapy. This chapter will briefly discuss the principles of radiation biology and how these principles are important when combining radiation with chemotherapy and other therapies. The critical literature guiding the use of radiation for both early stage and locally advanced uterine cancer will be discussed. The various forms of radiation delivery including 3D conformal radiation, intensity modulated radiation therapy, vaginal and intrauterine brachytherapy, and proton therapy will be explained.
A 12-volt-input hybrid switched capacitor voltage regulator based on a modified series-parallel topology

This work presents a small form factor, 12 V to 3.7 V resonant switched-capacitor (ReSC) converter IC with feedback regulation and autotuned zero current switching. The converter uses a modified series-parallel architecture to operate with single-voltage rated devices without degrading the net V-A product. Quasi-resonant operation is used to operate with conversion ratios below the nominal 3:1 level while maintaining high efficiency. A digital controller regulates the output voltage within a preset voltage band and automatically tunes the switching frequency based on zero-current detection. The converter IC was designed in 180 nm bulk CMOS with a 5 V option for power devices. It was tested in a flipchip assembly with a 33 nH 0402 inductor to deliver up to 4.6 W at 87.5 % efficiency with a power density of 0.29 W/mm3.
CFD analysis of linear compressors considering load conditions

This paper is a study on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of linear compressor considering load conditions. In the conventional CFD analysis of the linear compressor, the load condition was not considered in the behaviour of the piston. In some papers, behaviour of piston is assumed as sinusoidal motion provided by user defined function (UDF). In the reciprocating type compressor, the stroke of the piston is restrained by the rod, while the stroke of the linear compressor is not restrained, and the stroke changes depending on the load condition. The greater the pressure difference between the discharge refrigerant and the suction refrigerant, the more the centre point of the stroke is pushed backward. And the behaviour of the piston is not a complete sine wave. For this reason, when the load condition changes in the CFD analysis of the linear compressor, it may happen that the ANSYS code is changed or unfortunately the modelling is changed. In addition, a separate analysis or calculation is required to find a stroke that meets the load condition, which may contain errors. In this study, the coupled mechanical equations and electrical equations are solved using the UDF, and the behaviour of the piston is solved considering the pressure difference across the piston. Using the above method, the stroke of the piston with respect to the motor specification of the analytical model can be calculated according to the input voltage, and the piston behaviour can be realized considering the thrust amount due to the pressure difference.
Does exercise augment operant and Pavlovian extinction: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Exposure therapy, a behavioral approach to reduce symptomology in fear, anxiety, and drug-related psychiatric disorders, is based on learning and memory principles of extinction, and is subject to relapse. As such, it is important to find ways to enhance outcomes. One such way is through exercise. Objectives Identify if exercise augments extinction behavior, and whether this depends on the experimental paradigm used (i.e. operant or Pavlovian) and/or stimulus (i.e. appetitive or aversive). Additionally, determine which moderating variables influence the effects of exercise on extinction learning. Methods A literature search was conducted and a Hedges’ g calculation was employed to conduct a meta-analysis (metaSEM) using a structural equation modeling approach. This approach was chosen because of its ability to account for dependencies in effect sizes. Results We found a significant effect of exercise as an augmentation over extinction alone (g = 0.37, p Conclusions The effects of exercise on extinction learning are differentially modulated by the type of paradigm used, the number of extinction sessions, the timing of when exercise treatment was applied (after extinction), and the housing conditions.
Decentralized Output-Feedback Control of Large-Scale Interconnected Systems via Dynamic High-Gain Scaling

Large-scale systems occurring in several application domains (including, as a very short representative list, power systems, multi-agent systems, communication and transportation networks, supply chains, etc.) can be profitably viewed as interconnections of multiple subsystems. In this general context, the development of control algorithms for interconnected large-scale systems has attracted considerable research interest. Interest in decentralized control designs has been significantly renewed in recent years due to noteworthy extensions promised by the application of new results emerging in nonlinear robust and adaptive output-feedback control. In this vein, this chapter addresses the design of decentralized output-feedback controllers for a class of nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems based on our recent results on the dynamic high-gain scaling control design technique. The results here follow the general direction in the decentralized literature of attempting to generalize the form of the dynamics of subsystems and simultaneously weaken the assumptions on subsystem interconnections.
An Emperor by a Different Name: School Commemoration in Habsburg Austria and the Second Austrian Republic

This paper examines the connections between patriotic school celebrations in late-Habsburg Austria and similar celebrations in the Second Austrian Republic. Similar to other states, Habsburg Austria utilized public schools as a vehicle for patriotic education. One of the most obvious examples of this fact were the annual commemorations of the emperor’s birth. During these commemorations, schools across the Habsburg Monarchy would have students recite patriotic poems, sing patriotic songs, and listen to speeches detailing the virtues of their monarch. While these commemorations ended with the Monarchy, this paper illustrates that these events experienced a curious afterlife in postwar Austria.Even though Austria attempted to craft an identity independent of its former imperial past when the Monarchy collapsed, the legacy of imperial commemoration and state-building continued to influence the way Austria conceptualized patriotic celebration. This legacy was especially strong after World War II. Using previously unexamined speeches, programs, and organizational materials from Austrian school celebrations after 1945, along with similar sources from the Habsburg period, this paper will show that postwar Austrian schools used programs identical to those from the Habsburg period to develop the patriotism of students. This examination illustrates the legacy of the imperial administration on its remnants and the power of unconscious bureaucratic memory which can survive generations after border change and state collapse. As a result, it helps to develop our understanding of border memory in Central Europe and enhances our understanding of memory in states after changes to its constitution and lands.
Imaging Precision-Cut Lung Slices to Visualize Leukocyte Localization and Trafficking.

Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that can activate both naive and memory/effector T cells. However, very little is known of how movements and localization of DCs contribute to these events. To study this, we have developed new procedures that combine precision-cut lung slices with cell staining using fluorescently tagged antibodies to detect individual cell types. In this chapter, we describe these methods in detail and show how they can be used to study the localization of not only DCs but also other leukocytes of interest, as well as structural cells within the lung.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3 fusion protein (pIXY 321) enhances high-dose Ara-C-induced programmed cell death or apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells

High dose Ara-C (HIDAC) induces programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis in vitro in human myeloid leukemia cells, which correlates with the inhibition of their clonogenic survival. Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) have been demonstrated to enhance the metabolism and cytotoxic effects of HIDAC against leukemic progenitor cells. We examined the effect of pIXY 321 (a GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein) on HIDAC-induced PCD and related gene expressions as well as HIDAC-mediated colony growth inhibition of human myeloid leukemia cells. Unlike the previously described effects of HGFs on normal bone marrow progenitor cells, exposure to pIXY 321 alone for up to 24 hours did not suppress PCD in HL-60 or KG-1 cells. However, exposure to pIXY 321 for 20 hours followed by a combined treatment with Ara-C plus pIXY 321 for 4 or 24 hours versus treatment with Ara-C alone significantly enhanced the oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation characteristic of PCD. This was temporally associated with a marked induction of c-jun expression and a significant decrease in BCL-2. In addition, the treatment with pIXY 321 plus HIDAC versus HIDAC alone produced a significantly greater inhibition of HL-60 colony growth. These findings highlight an additional mechanism of HIDAC-induced leukemic cell death that is augmented by cotreatment with pIXY 321 and may contribute toward an improved antileukemic activity of HIDAC.
Recombinant Perdeuterated Protein as an Efficient Method for Making Unambiguous Heme Proton Resonance Assignments: Cyanide-Ligated Glycera Dibranchiata Monomer Methemoglobin Component IV as an Example

In order to overcome the difficulties of selectively assigning the heme proton resonances in paramagnetic low-spin heme proteins, a method involving perdeuteration of the globin has been developed. This method allows rapid proton assignments of the heme prosthetic group to be made, however its use is restricted to proteins for which a suitable expression system exists. As an example of this method, the process of making complete heme proton assignments of the cyanide-ligated Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobin Component IV in both the naturally protonated, native protein and the recombinant, perdeuterated protein is presented. There are many potential uses of this method aside from heme-containing proteins.
Requirements for the Validity of Induction

In this Chapter I shall examine two requirements which Peirce considers to be essential for the validity of inductive inference. One, as we have seen, is that of fair sampling or obtaining fair samples for the inductive premises. Peirce says, “The first premises of a scientific inference (i.e., an ampliative inference such as induction) is that certain things (in the case of induction) or certain characters (in the case of hypothesis) constitute a fairly chosen sample of the class of things or the run of characters from which they have been drawn.”1 The other requirement is that of predesignation, which Peirce calls a condition sine qua non of valid inductions.2 It requires us to ascertain with respect to which particular character we are to sample a given population and how many instances we propose to sample the population, before instances of the population are actually selected, and, therefore, before we know whether they are instances of the population or how many of them are instances of the population.
Ambulatory Surgery and Out-of-OR (OOR) Procedures

Learn about patient selection, intraoperative management and postoperative care of ambulatory patients Understand specific practices of ambulatory anesthesia such as fast-tracking and multimodal management of pain and PONV Understand the unique challenges of the OOR environment
Firearms Effects on Tsimane’ Hunting and Traditional Knowledge in Bolivian Amazonia

Subsistence hunting is a key activity for indigenous Amazonian people. Traditional Tsimane’ bow hunting was strongly affected by the introduction of firearms over 30 years ago. Tsimane’ of Bolivia maintain traditional hunting techniques with bows and arrows, sometimes in conjunction with modern firearms. This study explores Tsimane' perceived costs and benefits of bow- versus gun-hunting. We consider cultural conservation in addition to factors typical in ecological comparisons of traditional and introduced hunting technologies. Firearms are expensive and less reliable than bows and arrows. Costs of purchasing firearms requires market engagement and surplus production to generate cash. Tsimane’ do not identify overhunting as one of the costs of firearms; though multiple studies show reduced game populations in areas under moderate to intense gun-hunting pressure. In sum, Tsimane’ identify multiple benefits to traditional hunting technology, while firearms have a strong effect of the loss of knowledge regarding fabrication of bows and arrows, and present a challenge to Tsimane’ cultural identity as bow-hunters.
Quantized bounding volume hierarchies for neighbor search in molecular simulations on graphics processing units

Abstract We present an algorithm for neighbor search in molecular simulations on graphics processing units (GPUs) based on bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs). The BVH is compressed into a low-precision, quantized representation to increase the BVH traversal speed compared to a previous implementation. We find that neighbor search using the quantized BVH is roughly two to four times faster than current state-of-the-art methods using uniform grids (cell lists) for a suite of benchmarks for common molecular simulation models. Based on the benchmark results, we recommend using the BVH instead of a single cell list for neighbor list generation in molecular simulations on GPUs.
Genetic, spatial, and temporal aspects of decline and mortality in a Fraxinus provenance test following invasion by the emerald ash borer

We report a 6-year study of an irruptive invasion of emerald ash borer (EAB) into a 36-year-old comparison of 60 green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and 5 white ash (F. americana L.) populations. As the infestation progressed, annual measures of EAB injury (density of adult emergence holes on the trunk, crown condition, and mortality) were significantly influenced by genetic effects (population and in some instances family within population), site quality (field blocks), and neighborhood (contagion effects over distances of 5–13 m). At the last measurement, 99% of green ash trees and 87% of white ash were dead, and most of the remaining few trees had badly deteriorating crowns. Although final destruction was nearly complete, the rapidity with which trees were injured and killed was moderated by genetic and site effects and influenced by proximity to infested trees. These facts suggest that some genotypes, especially on favorable sites, will disproportionately survive under future equilibrium conditions with lower densities of ash and EAB in the landscape.
Britain: Practising Aggression

Historians have hesitated to connect British officer recruitment, training, and deployment to combat effectiveness, but it is undoubtedly the case that Britain’s emergence as the leading naval power in Europe shaped the course of the eighteenth century. This chapter explores the development, significance, and experience of the lieutenants’ exam, as well as officers’ social backgrounds, promotion prospects, and conceptions of honour. Because of their practical experience at sea, regular opportunities to deploy in wartime, and stiff competition for employment and promotion, British officers developed an aggressive approach naval warfare. The execution of Admiral Byng played a significant role in shaping the ethos of the officer corps.
Infection Prevention in Radiology

Preventing infections and the transmission of disease in the radiology environment can be challenging due to the number of patients seen, the amount of equipment in use, and the rapid pace of care delivery in this setting. Hospital-acquired infections pose a threat to patients and are costly to treat. Infection prevention and control strategies mitigate risks to both patients and healthcare workers. Advanced practice nurses can provide leadership in developing a culture of teamwork and safety for both patients and healthcare workers.
Project CHOICE: Choosing healthy options in coping with emotions, an EMA/EMI plus in-person intervention for alcohol use

Emerging adulthood (18–25 years) represents a risky time for mental health and substance use. Emerging adults are particularly susceptible to problematic patterns of substance use, especially if th...
Oral Proficiency Levels of First-Year Entering College Students with and without Advanced Placement Scores.

Though considerable professional discussion has focused on the integration of K–16 curricula, the level of oral proficiency with which students enter college and how that the entry level relates to college programs remains untested. The entry landscape is varied, complexified by the diverse curricula that students experience, in particular within Advanced Placement (AP) programs. The present study probes the oral proficiency levels of 2071 Spanish learners and 712 French learners. The data indicate a significant difference between the oral proficiency levels of students entering college with and without an AP score, but suggest that the difference is only one sublevel higher on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages' oral proficiency scale, from intermediate mid to intermediate high on average. The paper discusses the implications of these levels, questioning whether they meet the values of the profession, whether students with these levels are prepared for study in literature programs, and whether an investment in AP programs is prudent.
Fungibility and the Flypaper Effect of Project Aid: Micro-Evidence for Vietnam

While most economists assume that aid is fungible, most aid donors behave as if it is not. The authors study recipient government responses to development project aid in the context of a specific World Bank-financed project. They estimate the impact of a rural road rehabilitation project in Vietnam on the kilometers of roads actually rehabilitated and built. Using local-level survey data collected for this purpose, the authors test whether the evidence supports the standard economic argument that there will be little or no impact on rural roads rehabilitated, given fungibility. They find evidence that, although project aid impacts on rehabilitated road kilometers were less than intended, more roads were built in project areas. The results suggest that there was fungibility within the sector, but that aid largely stuck to that sector.
The Relationship Between Hip Strength and Postural Stability in Collegiate Athletes Who Participate in Lower Extremity Dominant Sports

# Background Lower extremity (LE) injuries are common across many sports. Both core strength (including hip strength) deficits and poor postural stability have been linked to lower extremity (LE) injury. The relationship between these two characteristics is unknown. # Purpose To explore the relationships between hip strength, static postural stability, and dynamic postural stability. # Study Design Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study # Methods 162 Division I student-athletes (111 males and 51 females) participated in this study. Isometric hip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer and both single-leg static (eyes open EO and eyes closed EC) and dynamic postural stability were assessed with a force plate. Pairwise correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between the hip strength variables and the postural stability scores for all subjects and separately for males and females. # Results There were no significant correlations between hip strength and dynamic postural stability for any of the pairwise correlations. Significant, albeit minimal, correlations between EO and EC static postural stability and each of the hip strength variables for all subjects and male subjects (correlation coefficients ranged from -0.19 to -0.34). However, there were only two significant correlations between hip strength and EC static postural stability (hip internal/external rotation) and one for hip strength and EO postural stability (hip internal rotation) found for female subjects (correlation coefficients ranged from -0.28 to -0.31). # Conclusion There was no relationship between isometric hip strength and dynamic postural stability; whereas, there were some relationships between the strength measures and static postural stability. These significant, but minimal correlations were observed in more of the comparisons within the male cohort potentially demonstrating a sex difference. # Level of Evidence 3b
Syntheses and structures of two benzoyl amides: 2-chloro-4-eth-oxy-3,5-dimeth-oxy-N-(3-oxo-cyclo-hex-1-en-1-yl)benzamide and 2-chloro-N-(5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-cyclo-hex-1-en-1-yl)-4-eth-oxy-3,5-di-meth-oxy-benzamide.

The first title benzoyl amide, C17H20ClNO5 (3a), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4 and the second, C19H24ClNO5 (3b), also crystallizes in P21/c with Z = 8 (Z′ = 2), thus there are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In 3a, the phenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 50.8 (3)° with the amide moiety with the C=O group on the same side of the mol­ecule as the C—Cl group. One meth­oxy group is almost in the plane of the benzene ring, while the eth­oxy and other meth­oxy substituent are arranged on opposite sides of the ring with the eth­oxy group occupying the same side of the ring as the C=O group in the amide moiety. For one of the two mol­ecules in 3b, both the amide and 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo­cyclo­hex-1-en-1-yl moieties are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.551 (2)/0.449 (2) with the major difference between the two conformers being due to the conformation adopted by the cyclo­hex-2-en-1-one ring. The three mol­ecules in 3b (i.e., the undisordered mol­ecule and the two disorder components) differ in the arrangement of the subsituents on the phenyl ring and the conformation adopted by their 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo­cyclo­hex-1-en-1-yl moieties. In the crystal of 3a, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a zigzag chain propagating in the [001] direction. For 3b a combination of C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­actions link the mol­ecules into a zigzag ribbon propagating in the [001] direction.
Nexus Between Government Expenditure and Government Tax Revenue in Sri Lanka

This study is to find the relationship between government expenditure and government tax revenue in Sri Lanka, using time series data from 1990-2017. Public expenditure was used as the dependent variable in the model while tax revenue, inflation, public debt, and population were the independent variables considered. Stationarity of the time series was tested employing Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root. Johansen’s maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of a co-integrating equation was employed to examine long-run relationship between the variables. In addition, Granger causality test was performed to identify the causal relationship between public expenditure and selected independent variables. The results confirmed the existence of long-run relationship between the public expenditure and tax revenue. The presence of a unidirectional causality between government expenditure and tax revenue was reveled through the results. The study outcomes suggest the necessity of constructive policy decisions pertaining to government revenue and expenditure in view of promoting the Sri Lankan economy.
Fixed Beamline Optimization for Intensity Modulated Carbon-Ion Therapy

A major obstacle for the adoption of heavy ion therapy is the cost and technical difficulties to construct and maintain a rotational gantry. Many heavy ion treatment facilities instead choose to construct fixed beamlines as a compromise, which we propose to mitigate with optimized treatment couch angle. We formulate the integrated beam orientation and scanning spot optimization problem as a quadratic cost function with a group sparsity regularization term. The optimization problem is efficiently solved using fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA). To test the method, we created the fixed beamline plans with couch rotation (FBCR) and without couch rotation (FB) for intensity modulated carbon-ion therapy (IMCT) and compared with the ideal scenario where both the couch and gantry have 360 degrees of freedom (GCR). FB, FBCR, and GCR IMCT plans were compared for ten pancreas cases. The FBCR plans show comparable PTV coverage and OAR doses for each pancreas case. In conclusion, the dosimetric limitation of fixed beams in heavy ion radiotherapy may be largely mitigated with integrated beam orientation optimization of the couch rotation.
A Hybrid Filtered Basis Functions Approach for Tracking Control of Linear Systems with Unmodeled Nonlinear Dynamics

A hybrid filtered basis function (FBF) approach is proposed in this paper for feedforward tracking control of linear systems with unmodeled nonlinear dynamics. Unlike most available tracking control techniques, the FBF approach is very versatile; it is applicable to any type of linear system, regardless of its underlying dynamics. The FBF approach expresses the control input to a system as a linear combination of basis functions with unknown coefficients. The basis functions are forward filtered through a linear model of the system's dynamics and the unknown coefficients are selected such that tracking error is minimized. The linear models used in existing implementations of the FBF approach are typically physics-based representations of the linear dynamics of a system. The proposed hybrid FBF approach expands the application of the FBF approach to systems with unmodeled nonlinearities by learning from data. A hybrid model is formulated by combining a physics-based model of the system's linear dynamics with a data-driven linear model that approximates the unmodeled nonlinear dynamics. The hybrid model is used online in receding horizon to compute optimal control commands that minimize tracking errors. The proposed hybrid FBF approach is shown in simulations on a model of a vibration-prone 3D printer to improve tracking accuracy by up to 65.4%, compared to an existing FBF approach that does not incorporate data.
Mechanisms of degradation in adhesive joint strength: Glassy polymer thermoset bond in a humid environment

Abstract The degradation in the strength of napkin-ring (NR) joints bonded with an epoxy thermoset is evaluated in a humid environment. While adherend composition (stainless steel and aluminum) and surface preparation (polished, grit blasted, primed, coupling agent coated) do not affect virgin (time=0) joint strength, they can significantly affect the role of moisture on the strength of the joint. Adherend surface abrasion and corrosion processes are found to be key factors in determining the reliability of joint strength in humid environments. In cases where surface specific joint strength degradation processes are not active, decreases in joint strength can be accounted for by the glass transition temperature, T g , depression of the adhesive associated with water sorption. Under these conditions, joint strength can be rejuvenated to virgin strength by drying. In addition, the decrease in joint strength associated with water sorption can be predicted by the Simplified Potential Energy Clock (SPEC) model by shifting the adhesive reference temperature, T ref , by the same amount as the T g depression. When surface specific degradation mechanisms are active, they can reduce joint strength below that associated with adhesive T g depression, and joint strength is not recoverable by drying. A critical relative humidity (or, potentially, critical water sorption concentration), below which the surface specific degradation does not occur, appears to exist for the polished stainless steel joints.
Synthesis and anisotropic properties of single crystalline Ln2Ru3Al15+x (Ln=Gd, Tb)

Abstract Single crystals of Ln2Ru3Al15+x (Ln=Gd, Tb) have been grown using the self-flux method under Ru-poor conditions. The structure of the Gd analog is found to be highly dependent on the synthesis method. Gd2Ru3Al15.08 orders antiferromagnetically at 17.5 K. Tb2Ru3Al15.05 enters an antiferromagnetic state at 16.6 K followed by a likely incommensurate-to-commensurate transition at 14.9 K for crystals oriented with H//ab. For crystals oriented with H//c, a broad maximum is observed in the temperature dependent M/H, indicative of a highly anisotropic magnetic system with the hard axis in the c-direction. The magnetization as a function of field and magnetoresistance along the ab-direction of Tb2Ru3Al15.05 display a stepwise behavior and indicate strong crystalline electric field effects.
ghost-tree: creating hybrid-gene phylogenetic trees for diversity analyses

Fungi play critical roles in many ecosystems, cause serious diseases in plants and animals, and pose significant threats to human health and structural integrity problems in built environments. While most fungal diversity remains unknown, the development of PCR primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) combined with next-generation sequencing has substantially improved our ability to profile fungal microbial diversity. Although the high sequence variability in the ITS region facilitates more accurate species identification, it also makes multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis unreliable across evolutionarily distant fungi because the sequences are hard to align accurately. To address this issue, we created ghost-tree, a bioinformatics tool that integrates sequence data from two genetic markers into a single phylogenetic tree that can be used for diversity analyses. Our approach starts with a “foundation” phylogeny based on one genetic marker whose sequences can be aligned across organisms spanning divergent taxonomic groups (e.g., fungal families). Then, “extension” phylogenies are built for more closely related organisms (e.g., fungal species or strains) using a second more rapidly evolving genetic marker. These smaller phylogenies are then grafted onto the foundation tree by mapping taxonomic names such that each corresponding foundation-tree tip would branch into its new “extension tree” child. We applied ghost-tree to graft fungal extension phylogenies derived from ITS sequences onto a foundation phylogeny derived from fungal 18S sequences. Our analysis of simulated and real fungal ITS data sets found that phylogenetic distances between fungal communities computed using ghost-tree phylogenies explained significantly more variance than non-phylogenetic distances. The phylogenetic metrics also improved our ability to distinguish small differences (effect sizes) between microbial communities, though results were similar to non-phylogenetic methods for larger effect sizes. The Silva/UNITE-based ghost tree presented here can be easily integrated into existing fungal analysis pipelines to enhance the resolution of fungal community differences and improve understanding of these communities in built environments. The ghost-tree software package can also be used to develop phylogenetic trees for other marker gene sets that afford different taxonomic resolution, or for bridging genome trees with amplicon trees. ghost-tree is pip-installable. All source code, documentation, and test code are available under the BSD license at https://github.com/JTFouquier/ghost-tree .
Heat leak testing of a superconducting RHIC dipole magnet at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory has recently performed heat load tests on a superconducting dipole magnet. The magnet was a prototype of the 360 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 8 cm bore arc dipole magnets. Accurate measurement of the magnet’s heat load will be needed to estimate refrigeration requirements for the collider. The test setup consisted of the dipole magnet positioned between two quadrupole magnets in a common vacuum tank and heat shield. Piping and instrumentation were arranged so that the primary 4.6 K magnet heat load and the secondary 55 K heat shield heat load could be measured. Final results show the primary heat load to be well below design allowances. Secondary heat load measurements were higher than expected, but remained under budgeted amounts. Overall, the dipole performed to specifications.
Scaling properties in neural network learning

Working definitions of learning and learners are examined from the scaling point of view. A back-error propagation neural network was trained to plot sin (x) given an input x (- pi >or= x >or= pi ). The parameters for the simulation are the following: input-output (pattern) pairs=200; input units=1; hidden units=20; output units=1; learning rates=0.1; momentum term constant=0.2; weights and thresholds set to random values between (-1, 1); number of trials where input samples were randomly selected=8585. The performance curve consists of the cumulated number of errors less than 0.1 in absolute value vs trial number. It is noted that the scaling exponent ranges from a value of 0.34 in the lower decade (10-100) to 0.66 in the upper decade (1000-10000), reflecting the heterogeneities in scaling along the training process. >
Current status of fiber-optic gyroscopes

Summary form only given. Summary form only given. The fiber-optic gyroscope, first demonstrated in 1976, represents a highly successful impact of fiber optics on rotation sensing. This talk will address the advantages and disadvantages of fiber gyro's current status. The fiber gyro is solid state in that it has no mechanical moving parts and does not require mechanical dithering, as most ring laser gyros do. It has advantages of small size and weight, and low cost.
Democratizing the Hegemonic State: Classifying Multinational States

Peace is not the absence of conflict but the presence of creative alternatives to conflict, alternatives to passive or aggressive responses, alternatives to violence. (Dorothy Thompson, 1893–1961, an American journalist) This volume attempts to understand the process through which a hegemonic, ethnic state might become a more inclusive polity: it focuses on the transformation of Ethnic Constitutional Orders to regimes that meet more fully the requirements of contemporary democracy as described in Chapter 2. The hegemonic ethnic state, however, is not a separate planet unto its own. It is part of a larger galaxy of states that includes different types of political systems. To understand the very essence of the hegemonic ethnic state, its raison d'etre , and its typical behavior as a political actor, one must be able to compare it to other types of polities, both theoretically and empirically. The function of this chapter is to offer a classificatory system, reflected graphically in Figure 1 that will enable us to systematically analyze hegemonic states and, more specifically, study their potential for transformation. The classificatory system could be looked upon as an analytical framework that includes both static and dynamic components. Although it statically identifies a series of alternative political systems in deeply divided societies (e.g., liberal democracy, federal state, or consociational government), it also identifies (dynamically) five modes of reaction adopted by states in deeply divided societies, trying to resolve the ethnic tensions within their existing political space (as well as two additional modes of reaction in which the ethnic hegemonic state tries to resolve its dilemmas in an external fashion).