cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Dynamics and Rheology of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles at Air–Water and Xylene–Water Interfaces

Particle-stabilized emulsions and foams offer a number of advantages over traditional surfactant-stabilized systems, most notably a greater stability against coalescence and coarsening. Nanoparticles are often less effective than micrometer-scale colloidal particles as stabilizers, but nanoparticles grafted with polymers can be particularly effective emulsifiers, stabilizing emulsions for long times at very low concentrations. In this work, we characterize the long-time and dynamic interfacial tension reduction by polymer-grafted nanoparticles adsorbing from suspension and the corresponding dilatational moduli for both xylene–water and air–water interfaces. The dilatational moduli at both types of interfaces are measured by a forced sinusoidal oscillation of the interface. Surface tension measurements at the air–water interface are interpreted with the aid of independent ellipsometry measurements of surface excess concentrations. The results suggest that the ability of polymer-grafted nanoparticles to pro...
Effect of Routine Clopidogrel Use on Bleeding Complications After Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis

Background:Thoracentesis is one of the most commonly performed medical procedures with an excellent safety profile. Clopidogrel (a compound that inhibits adenosine diphosphate–induced platelet aggregation) is often prescribed for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and has been
Assessing the safety and efficacy of combined abdominoplasty and gynecologic surgery.

Background Combined surgery is an attractive option for both patients and surgeons. Unfortunately, it remains unclear to patients whether plastic surgery can be combined safely and efficaciously with other surgeries, particularly gynecologic surgery. The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of combined abdominoplasty and gynecologic surgery. Methods A case-control study of 25 patients undergoing combined abdominoplasty and intra-abdominal gynecologic surgery was performed. These combined patients were compared with control group patients undergoing abdominoplasty alone and gynecologic surgery alone. Demographic data, operative time, estimated blood loss, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin, length of hospitalization, and complications were compared between combined and control groups. Results Statistically significant reductions were seen in operative time, estimated blood loss, and total days of hospitalization when comparing the combined group to the sum of the control groups. In this study, no major complications, including the need for blood transfusion or pulmonary embolus, were noted in any of the patients. Conclusions These results demonstrate success in performing abdominoplasty with gynecologic surgery, which may be an acceptable option for patients.
Irreversibility of Se(VI)/Se(IV) Redox Couple in Synthetic Basaltic Ground Water at 25°C and 75°C

Synthetic basaltic ground water was spiked with different ratios of high-purity solium selenate and sodium selenite, to yield ratios of aqueous SeO42to SeO 42from 2100/1 to 1/44000, at temperatures of 25°C and 75°C. The apparent 2h of the solutions was measured by means of a platinum electrode. The time series Eh data were extrapolated to infinite time using the method of Muller [1,2]. Results show no relationship between the analyzed ratios of Se(VI)/Se(IV) in solution and the observed+Eh plues at the platinum electrode. In contrast, acidic solutions of Fe /Fe show nearly perfect Nernstian behavior and rapid electron transfer at the platinum electrode. Based on the results of this study, it is probably invalid to use Eh measurements as input to any equilibrium computer model for purposes of predicting the behavior of a pure selenium system.
A portable near-infrared fluorescence image overlay device for surgical navigation (Conference Presentation)

A rise in the use of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes or intrinsic fluorescent markers for surgical guidance and tissue diagnosis has triggered the development of NIR fluorescence imaging systems. Because NIR wavelengths are invisible to the naked eye, instrumentation must allow surgeons to visualize areas of high fluorescence. Current NIR fluorescence imaging systems have limited ease-of-use because they display fluorescent information on remote display monitors that require surgeons to divert attention away from the patient to identify the location of tissue fluorescence. Furthermore, some systems lack simultaneous visible light imaging which provides valuable spatial context to fluorescence images. We have developed a novel, portable NIR fluorescence imaging approach for intraoperative surgical guidance that provides information for surgical navigation within the clinician’s line of sight. The system utilizes a NIR CMOS detector to collect excited NIR fluorescence from the surgical field. Tissues with NIR fluorescence are overlaid with visible light to provide information on tissue margins directly on the surgical field. In vitro studies have shown this versatile imaging system can be applied to applications with both extrinsic NIR contrast agents such as indocyanine green and weaker sources of biological fluorescence such as parathyroid gland tissue. This non-invasive, portable NIR fluorescence imaging system overlays an image directly on tissue, potentially allowing surgical decisions to be made quicker and with greater ease-of-use than current NIR fluorescence imaging systems.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Correlation and relativistic effects in U metal and U-Zr alloy: Validation of ab initio approaches’ ”

In the Comment by S\"oderlind et al. [Phys. Rev. B 90, 157101 (2014)], the authors argue that (1) density functional theory (DFT), especially with all-electron methods, already models U metal and U-Zr alloy accurately; and (2) $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ results calculated at ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1.24$ for volume, enthalpy, and magnetic moments that they select from our study [Phys. Rev. B 88, 235128 (2013)] suggest adding the Hubbard $U$ potential in $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ reduces accuracy compared to DFT. With respect to argument (1) by S\"oderlind et al., we argue that previously neglected and very recent experimental data suggest that DFT in S\"oderlind's full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital calculations [Phys. Rev. B 66, 085113 (2002)] still models the bulk modulus and elastic constants of \ensuremath{\alpha}U with errors considerably larger than other related elements, e.g., most transition metals. In addition, we demonstrate that the assertion by S\"oderlind et al. that our DFT results are not satisfactory because deficiency exists in our projector augmented wave calculation is unfounded. With respect to argument (2) by S\"oderlind et al., we argue that they have inappropriately focused on just one phase [the bcc phase \ensuremath{\gamma}(U,Zr)], neglecting the other phases which represent the majority of our evidence; made overgeneralizations based on results at only one ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ value of 1.24 eV; and supported their argument with inaccurate assertions that $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ predicts for \ensuremath{\gamma}(U,Zr) an unprecedentedly large positive volume of mixing and an enthalpy of mixing that is inconsistent with the experimental miscibility gap. We therefore hold to our original conclusion that the accuracy of DFT for modeling U and U-Zr has room for improvement and $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ is a good candidate.
Estimation Models of Summer Maize LAI Based on Canopy Reflectance Spectra

The paper studied the correlation between leaf area index and canopy reflectance spectra of summer maize from multi-angle and explored the advantages of different spectral bands in forecasting the summer maize LAI.The results indicated that the visible band were more sensitive than near-infrared band to the variety differences,the most accurate estimation model of LAI is multivariate linear regression model based on multiple single-band,the next is cubic polynomial regression model based on R1050/R550,the third is cubic polynomial regression model based on RVI.
Laser-plasma interaction in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

Hot electrons generated by the two-plasmon-decay instability in direct-drive targets are a preheat concern. A mitigation strategy that employs a layered ablator [V. N. Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014)] has been investigated both numerically and experimentally. The numerical simulations described here predict reduced hot-electron production compared with similar targets using either a solid CH or Be ablator. These findings are shown to be consistent with experimental observations
Natural Language Processing for Real-Time Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Surveillance: Results of a Pilot Implementation Trial.

BACKGROUND Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a quality benchmark. To streamline conventional detection methods, an electronic surveillance system augmented with natural language processing (NLP), which gathers data recorded in clinical notes without manual review, was implemented for real-time surveillance. OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of this algorithm for identifying indwelling urinary catheter days and CAUTI. SETTING Large, urban tertiary care Veterans Affairs hospital. METHODS All patients admitted to the acute care units and the intensive care unit from March 1, 2013, through November 30, 2013, were included. Standard surveillance, which includes electronic and manual data extraction, was compared with the NLP-augmented algorithm. RESULTS The NLP-augmented algorithm identified 27% more indwelling urinary catheter days in the acute care units and 28% fewer indwelling urinary catheter days in the intensive care unit. The algorithm flagged 24 CAUTI versus 20 CAUTI by standard surveillance methods; the CAUTI identified were overlapping but not the same. The overall positive predictive value was 54.2%, and overall sensitivity was 65% (90.9% in the acute care units but 33% in the intensive care unit). Dissimilarities in the operating characteristics of the algorithm between types of unit were due to differences in documentation practice. Development and implementation of the algorithm required substantial upfront effort of clinicians and programmers to determine current language patterns. CONCLUSIONS The NLP algorithm was most useful for identifying simple clinical variables. Algorithm operating characteristics were specific to local documentation practices. The algorithm did not perform as well as standard surveillance methods. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1004–1010
Should Restrictions Be Relaxed for Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease? Yes, They Should Be Relaxed! What’s the Fuss?

Metformin is and has been considered as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes for over a quarter of a century. Like other biguanides, metformin can cause a lactic acidosis that is exceptionally rare but fatal. The likelihood of metformin-associated lactic acidosis is substantially higher in patients with kidney impairment and also among those with seemingly normal kidney function who are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, regulatory agencies in many industrialized nations have maintained strict renal restrictions surrounding metformin. However, there have been millions of people exposed to metformin for many years, many of them with serum creatinine values at or close to 1.5 mg/dL with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) much below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who have not developed lactic acidosis. Thus, there clearly remains controversy in this area, and there has been heightened pressure to remove the renal restrictions of metformin. To provide a discussion on the pros and cons of relaxing the renal restrictions for metformin use, we provide a Point-Counterpoint. In the preceding point narrative, Drs. Kalantar-Zadeh and Kovesdy provide their argument that although there is little evidence of the potential benefits of metformin in kidney disease, just considering the sheer numbers of metformin users and the high fatality rate of its associated lactic acidosis, the most appropriate practice is to avoid metformin use in people with eGFR 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. —William T. Cefalu Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
A multidisciplinary approach to structural health monitoring and damage prognosis of aerospace hotspots

The health monitoring and damage prognosis of aerospace hotspots is important for reducing maintenance costs and increasing in-service capacity of aging aircraft. One of the leading causes of structural failure in aerospace vehicles is fatigue damage. Based on the physical mechanism of damage nucleation and growth, a physics-based multiscale model is considered for fatigue damage assessment in metallic aircraft structures. A guided-wave based sensing approach is utilised to enable effective damage detection in a common structural hotspot: a lug joint. Finite element analysis is carried out with piezoelectric wafers bonded to the host structure and the simulated sensor signals are analysed. A damage classification strategy is developed, which integrates physically motivated time-frequency approaches with advanced stochastic modelling techniques. In particular, a variational Bayesian learning scheme is used to estimate the optimal model complexity automatically from the data, adapting the classifier for real-time use. Classification performance is studied as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and results are reported for the detection of fatigue crack damage in the lug joint. An adaptive hybrid prognosis model is proposed, which estimates the residual useful life of structural hotspots using damage condition information obtained in real-time.
Immunomagnetic Separation of Fat Depot-specific Sca1high Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs)

The isolation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is an important method in the field of adipose tissue biology, adipogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In vivo, ECM-rich environment consisting of fibrillar collagens provides a structural support to adipose tissues during the progression and regression of obesity. Physiological ECM remodeling mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a major role in regulating adipose tissue size and function1,2. The loss of physiological collagenolytic ECM remodeling may lead to excessive collagen accumulation (tissue fibrosis), macrophage infiltration, and ultimately, a loss of metabolic homeostasis including insulin resistance3,4. When a phenotypic change of the adipose tissue is observed in gene-targeted mouse models, isolating primary ASCs from fat depots for in vitro studies is an effective approach to define the role of the specific gene in regulating the function of ASCs. In the following, we define an immunomagnetic separation of Sca1high ASCs.
Documentation of Overwintering Bat Species Presence and Hibernacula Use In the Badlands of North Dakota

Little work has focused on species presence, distributions, and habitat use of bats in the Great Plains of North America. In particular, no previous study has attempted to determine if bats are utilizing hibernacula during the winter months in North Dakota. The current lack of information regarding bat species presence during the winter months in North Dakota can have great conservation implications. Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal pathogen responsible for white-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats across the United States and Canada, has led to great concern for wildlife managers. For many of the areas where WNS is present, information about the presence and location of hibernacula are known, allowing for close monitoring of the spread of the disease. However, some locations within the predicted path of WNS still lack information as to bat species presence during the winter months. Due to mortality rates sometimes reaching upwards of 100% as a result of WNS infection, filling in these information gaps is critical for conservation research. The purpose of this study was to determine if the badlands region of North Dakota supports over-wintering bat communities, document both utilized and potential hibernacula, and develop a Geographic Information Systems model in the program MaxEnt to be used for future studies and wildlife managers. Six species were positively identified in the badlands region of North Dakota during the pre-hibernation and winter hibernation periods: Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus), Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), and Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum). Habitat suitability modeling was employed to model potential hibernacula in the study area. Knowledge of these potential hibernacula could be of great importance to wildlife managers, and results from this study may be used by regional wildlife managers to develop strategies for curtailing the spread of this disease into North Dakota.
64 Dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction in antiphospholipid syndrome as revealed by iga-seq profiling

Background and aims The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombophilic non-gut disorder with high mortality. Various pathogens have been associated with transient antiphospholipid antibody production. We hypothesised that members of the gut microbiota in APS patients could represent a chronic trigger and exhibit heightened adaptive immune responses to the microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore gut barrier function and faecal IgA-coated microbial composition in APS patients. Methods Stool from 15 APS patients, 5 non-autoimmune thrombotic states, and 12 normal donors (total of 17 controls) was collected. Faecal homogenates were analysed for the gut permeability marker calprotectin and, in parallel, stained stained with PE-conjugated anti-human IgA prior to cell sorting. Faecal DNA was isolated and PCR-amplified targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Faecal calprotectin and IgA-coated faecal bacterial levels were significantly higher in APS patients compared to controls (p Conclusions These data suggest gut barrier dysfunction and aberrant IgA coating of commensals in APS. Markedly enhanced bacterial IgA coating in several APS patients supports a stronger adaptive immune response to the microbiota. Increased IgA coating of Blautia might reflect altered gut homeostasis as a Blautia species was shown to be part of proinflammatory IgA+ consortium in a recent study in IBD. To our knowledge, this study represents the first 16S rRNA profiling of IgA-coated gut commensals in patients with non-gut autoimmunity.
Global mHealth policy arena: status check and future directions

In this review, we examine an important piece of the mHealth puzzle that has received scant attention—health policy. The question is whether health policy ultimately will serve to unite nations in advancing global mHealth or, as Mars and Scott suggested in 2010, keep nations isolated and ultimately making their policy decisions in “eHealth silos”. Such a non-collaborative approach seriously hampers the potential for using mobile health technologies to deliver health care across borders, assuring individuals access to affordable, convenient, and quality healthcare in underserved regions. From a global perspective, mHealth policy review is difficult as some important policies may be subsumed in comprehensive planning and strategy documents. Political, environmental, economic, organizational, and technology disparities across nations represent a significant impediment to developing mHealth products and services that can be deployed globally. To date, there is modest evidence that such challenges are being addressed. Even though payers can encourage adoption of mHealth with financial incentives for use, it appears that payment or reimbursement tends to be a roadblock for almost all nations, whether they are emerging or developed. If payment for mHealth services is not guaranteed, business models will not be sustainable and providers will have fewer opportunities for scalability. Furthermore, because mHealth policies typically are subject to some type of government scrutiny and oversight, many product developers and entrepreneurs may turn elsewhere for their investments. Global resource scarcity also challenges optimal mHealth deployment, and governments seek to ensure improved population health outcomes as return on their mHealth investments. Unfortunately, such justification is difficult as evaluation methods simply have not kept pace with mHealth technology capability. Requisite measurement tools are sorely lacking when it comes to evaluating efficacy of mHealth interventions, due in part to insufficient research to inform development of needed measurement tools. Because most robust mHealth research trials have been conducted in the developed world with its impressive technology infrastructure and not in developing nations where the health needs are greatest, evaluation of mobile technology intervention from a global perspective tends to be insufficient to inform policy decisions.
Hypophosphatasia and How Alkaline Phosphatase Promotes Mineralization

Abstract Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the remarkably informative inborn error of metabolism and metabolic bone disease that features low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (hypophosphat asemia ) due to loss-of-function mutation(s) of TNSALP ( ALPL ), the gene that encodes the “tissue nonspecific” (bone/liver) isoenzyme of ALP (TNSALP). Lessons from HPP revealed that TNSALP is a cell-surface phosphohydrolase and showed how it functions. Several phosphocompounds that are TNSALP natural substrates accumulate extracellularly in HPP, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal growth, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), the major circulating form of vitamin B 6 . The superabundance of extracellular PP i blocks mineralization of the skeleton after matrix vesicles (MVs) rupture and release their nascent HA crystals. This causes rickets or osteomalacia despite normal or sometimes elevated circulating levels of calcium and phosphorus and adequate vitamin D. Failure of the cementumcovering tooth roots to mineralize leads to premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth. However, HPP spans the greatest range of severity of all skeletal diseases. This is largely explained by autosomal dominant (AD) and autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance from among several hundred, typically missense, mutations of TNSALP . Unless treated, perinatal HPP kills rapidly due to profound skeletal hypomineralization. Infantile HPP presents postnatally, but before age 6 months with rickets, failure-to-thrive, and sometimes hypercalcemia or vitamin B 6 -dependent seizures. Progressive chest deformity often causes lethal pulmonary problems. When severe, childhood HPP features symptomatic rickets, premature loss of deciduous teeth, and chronic muscle weakness. Adult HPP typically presents in middle age with osteomalacia and pseudofractures and sometimes arthropathies involving PP i deposition. Odonto-HPP, likely the most prevalent HPP, features tooth loss without skeletal disease. AR inheritance accounts for the most severely affected patients, whereas AD and rarely AR transmission explain the mild forms. In 2015, substantially effective bone-targeted TNSALP replacement therapy (asfotase alfa) received regulatory approval multinationally, typically for pediatric-onset HPP—the last rickets/osteomalacia to await a medical treatment. Now, for a variety of disorders, excessive ALP activity in diseased tissues is implicated in ectopic mineralization.
Blood–Brain Barrier: Physiological and Functional Considerations

Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a physical frontier that separates the brain tissue from all the circulating substances in the bloodstream to keep the chemical microenvironment for the proper functioning of the brain. The BBB is formed by neurons, astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells from the brain microvessels; the interaction and communication between these cell types give the BBB its low permeability. During development, the migration and phenotype acquisition of the endothelial cells is driven by factors produced by astrocytes and pericytes, triggering complex signaling pathways that lead to the developing of the barrier properties on the endothelial cells. In this chapter, we will review the events that lead to the formation of the BBB, how all the different cell types interact and communicate and how the BBB is affected during different brain pathologies.
Does CSR Matter? A longitudinal analysis of product reviews for CSR-associated brands

The business case for CSR argues that it is most profitable when it distinguishes the company from its competitors. However, empirical evidence of the positive relationship between CSR and consumer behavior is mixed. Taking a longitudinal approach, this study examines the degree to which CSR is associated with the online assessments of products from two companies within the same sector: TOMS, an ‘intrinsic CSR’ shoe company where CSR efforts permeate its business model, and BOBS, a line of shoes from Skechers, and an ‘extrinsic CSR’ company where CSR efforts are not embedded within its overall business operations. A content analysis of over 3000 Amazon reviews for BOBS and TOMS shoes shows that over time, reviewers become less focused on CSR corporate identity and more concerned with the tangible features of the product. The implications of the findings for the connection between CSR and consumer buying behaviors are discussed.
Increased proteasomal activity supports photoreceptor survival in inherited retinal degeneration.

Inherited retinal degenerations, affecting more than 2 million people worldwide, are caused by mutations in over 200 genes. This suggests that the most efficient therapeutic strategies would be mutation independent, i.e., targeting common pathological conditions arising from many disease-causing mutations. Previous studies revealed that one such condition is an insufficiency of the ubiquitin–proteasome system to process misfolded or mistargeted proteins in affected photoreceptor cells. We now report that retinal degeneration in mice can be significantly delayed by increasing photoreceptor proteasomal activity. The largest effect is observed upon overexpression of the 11S proteasome cap subunit, PA28α, which enhanced ubiquitin-independent protein degradation in photoreceptors. Applying this strategy to mice bearing one copy of the P23H rhodopsin mutant, a mutation frequently encountered in human patients, quadruples the number of surviving photoreceptors in the inferior retina of 6-month-old mice. This striking therapeutic effect demonstrates that proteasomes are an attractive target for fighting inherited blindness.
Problem-Based Learning In The Business Curriculum: An Alternative To Traditional Approaches

During the last decade, management and business administration rapidly emerged as one of the largest fields of study in higher education. Recent data indicates that business accounts for approximately one-fourth of all undergraduate and graduate degrees awarded, making it the single most popular major in the United States. Overall, the objective of business education is to prepare students for careers in the competitive and turbulent business environment. It is intended to improve the student’s capacity for effective decision-making, to facilitate professional growth and development, and to broaden knowledge and understanding of management in different functional areas, such as finance, marketing, and operations management. Hopefully, business education meets the specific needs of the students who, in turn, are affected by the demands of the job market. At the same time, however, education exists in a larger context of the value and needs of society; once the context changes, education too must change. This is particularly true in business education which, through the training of new labour force entrants and the retraining of working adults, provides the skills needed for the future.
Sensory Directed Mixture Study of Beers Dry-Hopped with Cascade, Centennial, and Chinook

American craft beer style and flavor is often driven by the unique qualities of American hops. Cascade, Chinook, and Centennial hops are used prominently for dry-hopping singly and/or in blends to ...
Emotional Intelligence and Delivering Bad News: The Jury is Still Out

BACKGROUND Emotional intelligence (EQ) has been proposed to be a critical competency necessary for complex and interpersonal interactions for healthcare providers. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine how EQ impacts surgical residents’ ability to deliver bad news. METHOD Residents participated in a patient death simulation, and instructed to disclose the news to the patient's sister. The encounter was recorded and graded according to a 10-point delivering bad news checklist (1%-100%). Residents also completed an EQ assessment (100 = average). RESULTS Nineteen PGY-1 general surgery residents participated. Overall average performance on delivering bad news was 62% ± 22% and resident scores ranged from 20% to 90%. There was no correlation between EQ and delivering bad news. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to find evidence to support the notion that EQ is associated with trainee ability to deliver bad news, suggesting that more evidence is needed to support EQ's role in curricular and assessment endeavors.
Reducing Holomycin Thiosulfonate to its Disulfide with Thiols

The dithiolopyrrolone (DTP) natural products contain a unique ene-disulfide that is essential for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The ene-disulfide in some DTPs is oxidized to a cyclic thiosulfonate, but it is unknown how the DTP thiosulfonates react with biomolecules. We studied the reactivity of the thiosulfonate derivative of the DTP holomycin, oxo-holomycin, and discovered a unique redox reaction: Oxo-holomycin is reduced to its parent disulfide, while oxidizing small molecule and protein thiols to disulfides. Our work reveals that the DTP core is a privileged scaffold that undergoes unusual redox chemistry. The redox chemistry of the DTP natural products may contribute to their mechanism of action.
Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios.

Leptoglossus zonatus is a polyphagous pest found throughout much of the Western Hemisphere. In California, L. zonatus attacks almond, pistachio, pomegranate, and walnut crops, but the seasonal use of and economic damage to these crops varies. To better understand the seasonal changes of L. zonatus populations and to improve monitoring programs in California’s San Joaquin Valley, we caged overwintering adult males and females and then followed the resulting population dynamics over a one-year period. There were three generations over the one-year period, although eggs, nymphs, and adults overlapped among successive generations. From an initial 75 overwintering adult females, there were 1214 egg strands, 16,692 nymphs, and 4900 adults recorded during the one-year period. Depending on the generation, the number of nymphs per egg strand ranged from 11.3 to 14.3; the sex ratio was close to 1:1 with the exception of one female-biased cage; and nymph mortality ranged from 22.0% to 39.5%. Adult females isolated from each generation produced 2.4–5.1 egg strands per female that totaled 41.7–61.7 eggs per female with a 67.1–86.8% successful hatch rate. We find that the adult is the overwintering stage, as more adults (without food provisions) survived the winter compared to medium-sized or large-sized nymphs provided with both food and water. The results are discussed with respect to the development of L. zonatus control and monitoring programs for California’s multi-billion-dollar (US) nut crops.
Development of a calibration chamber to evaluate the performance of low-cost particulate matter sensors

Abstract Low-cost particulate matter (PM) air quality sensors are becoming widely available and are being increasingly deployed in ambient and home/workplace environments due to their low cost, compactness, and ability to provide more highly resolved spatiotemporal PM concentrations. However, the PM data from these sensors are often of questionable quality, and the sensors need to be characterized individually for the environmental conditions under which they will be making measurements. In this study, we designed and assessed a cost-effective (∼$700) calibration chamber capable of continuously providing a uniform PM concentration simultaneously to multiple low-cost PM sensors and robust calibration relationships that are independent of sensor position. The chamber was designed and evaluated with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and a rigorous experimental protocol. We then used this new chamber to calibrate 242 Plantower PMS 3003 sensors from two production lots (Batches I and II) with two aerosol types: ammonium nitrate (for Batches I and II) and alumina oxide (for Batch I). Our CFD models and experiments demonstrated that the chamber is capable of providing uniform PM concentration to 8 PM sensors at once within 6% error and with excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.771). The study identified two malfunctioning sensors and showed that the remaining sensors had high linear correlations with a DustTrak monitor that was calibrated for each aerosol type (R2 > 0.978). Finally, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the responses of Batches I and II sensors to the same aerosol (P-value
Relative importance of caregiver characteristics for future alcohol consumption in youth involved with child welfare system.

Abstract Background Adolescents involved with child welfare system are disproportionately at risk for underage drinking. Little empirical evidence has informed interventions targeting child welfare caregivers to prevent alcohol consumption among adolescents involved with the system. Methods The present study addressed this gap by examining modifiable caregiver characteristics most predictive of future underage drinking in a cohort of adolescents (N = 1205) in a nationally representative child welfare dataset. We used dominance analyses to examine direct contributions of each caregiver predictor to the overall variance of future alcohol use. This is the first study to apply the reputable Turrisi and Jaccard (2001) framework of familial processes affecting underage drinking to the child welfare population. Results Findings highlight the role of caregiver-adolescent relational quality and communications for predicting underage alcohol use, and downplay the role of caregiver monitoring. Conclusions Child welfare service systems may help prevent underage drinking by systematically training and motivating caregivers to foster trusting, helping relationships and regular communications with the adolescents in their care.
National Estimates of Noncanine Bite and Sting Injuries Treated in US Hospital Emergency Departments, 2011-2015.

Objectives Injuries resulting from contact with animals are a significant public health concern. This study quantifies and updates nonfatal bite and sting injuries by noncanine sources using the most recent data available (2011-2015) from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program with the purpose of using these updates to better understand public health consequences and prevention techniques. Increased rates of bites and stings can be expected in this study's time frame, possibly caused by the increasing human population expanding into animal territories, as well as changes in animal geographic distribution and pet ownership. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program is an ongoing nationally representative surveillance system used to monitor all types and causes of injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs). Cases were coded by trained hospital coders using information from medical records on animal sources of bite and sting injuries being treated. Data from 2011-2015 were weighted to produce national annualized estimates, percentages, and rates based on the US population. Results An estimated 1.17 million people visited EDs for noncanine bite and sting injuries annually. This translates to a rate of 371.3/100,000 people. Insects accounted for 71.0% of noncanine bite and sting injuries, followed by arachnids (19.2%) and mammals (7.8%). The estimated annual total lifetime medical and work cost of unintentional noncanine injuries was $5,755,581,000. Conclusions Various sources of bite and sting injuries had an outsized effect on injury rates and identify potential areas of focus for education and prevention programs to reduce the burden of these injuries on health and healthcare costs. The study describes the diversity of animal exposures based on a national sample of EDs. Noncanine bite and sting injuries significantly affect public health and healthcare resources. Priorities can be focused on animal sources with the most impact on bite and sting injury rates, healthcare costs, and disease burden.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Practice.

Topic Candidates waiting for lung transplant are sicker now than ever before. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has become useful as a bridge to lung transplant for these critically ill patients. Clinical relevance Critical care nurses must be prepared to care for the increasing number of lung transplant patients who require this advanced support method. Purpose of paper To provide critical care nurses with the foundational knowledge essential for delivering quality care to this high-acuity transplant patient population. Content covered This review describes the types of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (venovenous and venoarterial), provides an overview of the indications and contraindications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and discusses the role of clinical bedside nurses in the treatment of patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplant.
Sleep disturbance in adults with chronic pruritic dermatoses is associated with increased C-reactive protein levels

Background Pruritus is a common symptom that can significantly reduce quality of life through sleep disruption. Objective To examine features of disturbed sleep in patients with chronic pruritic dermatoses and test the hypothesis that systemic inflammation may serve as a biomarker for impaired sleep in these patients. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey investigating systemic inflammation using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Logistic regression was used to compare patients with and without sleep disturbances, adjusting for demographics (model 1) and medical comorbidities (model 2). Results Chronic pruritic dermatoses were associated with multiple sleep disturbances, including nighttime awakenings (model 1: odds ratio [OR], 1.646; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.031-2.627; model 2: OR, 1.329; 95% CI, 0.888-1.989) and early morning awakening (model 1: OR, 1.669, 95% CI, 1.118-2.493; model 2: OR, 1.582; 95% CI, 1.008-2.481). Mean CRP levels were 52.8% higher among patients with pruritic dermatoses reporting trouble sleeping compared with those who did not (0.663 vs 0.434 mg/dL; P = .034). Trouble sleeping was also positively correlated with CRP levels (β = 0.142, P = .025). Limitations Potential recall bias among participants. Conclusions In addition to confirming sleep disturbances with pruritic dermatoses, we found these disturbances are more likely to present with elevated CRP levels. Clinicians should consider the potential risk for sleep-related and cardiac comorbidities in patients diagnosed with itchy skin conditions.
Angular Correlation Estimates for Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays

Anisotropy in arrival directions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays offers the most direct way to search for the sources of these particles. We present estimates of the angular correlation in the HiRes sample of stereo events above 1019 eV, and in the combined sample of HiRes and AGASA events above 4 × 1019eV.
Observing the three-dimensional dynamics of supported metal complexes

Dynamics are intricately linked with activity and selectivity when it comes to catalysis, as noted for instance in the enzymatic principles of induced fit and allostery, and yet the range of motions heterogeneous catalytic sites are able to undergo is poorly understood. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is perhaps the only tool capable of probing the rapid conformational dynamics found in heterogeneous catalysts but has historically been restricted by its low sensitivity, limiting the detail with which structures can be resolved. Here, we apply solid-state NMR and dynamic nuclear polarization, in combination with density functional theory modeling, to reveal the high-resolution structure and motional freedom of a scandium supported complex in three dimensions. The results are contrasted with the study of the analogous homoleptic complex in the crystalline state, highlighting the impacts that surface structure may have on the dynamics of supported complexes.
Rapid Aero Modeling for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft in Computational Experiments

Rapid Aero Modeling (RAM) applied to computational testing, RAM-C, is an approach to efficiently and automatically obtain aerodynamic models during computational investigations. RAM-C is designed to estimate models appropriate for flight dynamics studies and simulations. The approach responds to a demand for experimental efficiency and model fidelity that has increased with growing aircraft complexity and aerodynamic nonlinearities associated with hybrid and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. In an Urban Air Mobility (UAM) transportation system, it is expected that aircraft will embrace many features from both airplanes and rotorcraft. These vehicles present many more factors than conventional aircraft which can lead to increased computational costs and missed key factor interactions when applying traditional testing and modeling methods. RAM-C provides feedback loops around computational codes to rapidly guide testing toward aerodynamic models meeting user-defined fidelity goals. It combines and extends concepts from design of experiment theory and aircraft system identification theory that allow the user the freedom to choose, in advance of the test, a specific level of fidelity in terms of prediction error. RAM-C only collects enough data required to meet the user-specified prediction error requirements thus saving computational time and resources. The overall achievable fidelity of the final model also depends on the accuracy of the test facility, or in this case, the computational modeling approach. Previous studies to support development of the RAM-T process were conducted in wind tunnel tests to assess potential metrics, algorithms, and procedures. This paper presents results from the next steps taken and tests conducted for the development of RAM-C technology and highlights some of the unique features of RAM applied eVTOL configurations in a computational study.
Assessing Knowledge and Perceptions About Cancer Among American Indians of the Zuni Pueblo, NM.

American Indians (AIs) in New Mexico have lower cancer screening rates compared to other populations and are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer at an advanced stage of the disease as reported by Li et al. (Archives of Internal Medicine 163(1):49–56, 2003). AIs also have the lowest 5-year cancer survival rates compared to any ethnic/racial group in the USA as reported by Clegg et al. (Arch Intern Med 162:1985–1993, 2002) and Edwards et al. (Cancer 97:1407–1427, 2005). Numerous barriers such as cultural beliefs, fear, fatalism, mistrust, stigma, and lack of culturally appropriate interventions could contribute to low cancer screening rates as reported by Daley et al. (J Health Dispar Res Pract 5(2), 2012); Filippi et al. (J Prim Care Community Health 4(3):160–166, 2013); James et al. (Prev Chronic Dis 10:E170, 2013); and Schumacher et al. (Cancer Causes Control 19(7):725–737, 2008). Trained Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from the Zuni Pueblo and native Zuni undergraduate students led six 1-h focus group sessions using a structured focus group guide with probes. The focus groups were conducted among 51 participants from different age groups (20–29 years, n = 19; 30–49 years, n = 17; and 50 years and older, n = 15) stratified by sex. Focus groups were conducted in both English and Shiwi (Zuni) languages. Sessions were audio recorded, and team members took notes. CHRs transcribed the notes and audio recordings, and created a codebook for qualitative data analysis. In the focus groups, participants provided Zuni-specific cultural context, opinion, and experience regarding (1) general knowledge about cancer, (2) cancer risk, (3) cancer risk reduction, (4) personal experiences with cancer, and (5) culturally competent delivery of cancer information and resources. Understanding the perceptions of cancer within the Zuni Pueblo is an essential component in the development of interventional/preventative measures and improvement of current care. Ultimately, this information will provide a basis for the next steps in culturally sensitive cancer care for the Zuni Pueblo.
The Wellbeing of Geographic Population Segments

This chapter covers wellbeing research related to countries and cultures. Research shows that different countries and cultures place varying degrees of importance on wellbeing concepts such as hedonia, Eudaimonia, self-enhancement, self-transcendence, autonomy, and interpersonal harmony. The research also points to a host of methodological problems in measuring wellbeing concepts across countries and cultures. The chapter also covers comparative and cross-cultural research in wellbeing and related constructs. Lastly, levels of wellbeing of different world regions and selected countries are highlighted.
A Systematic Review of Minimally Invasive Treatments for Uterine Fibroid-Related Bleeding

Newer minimally invasive techniques provide treatment options for symptomatic uterine fibroids while allowing uterus preservation. The objective of this review was to analyze the efficacy of uterine-preserving, minimally invasive treatment modalities in reducing fibroid-related bleeding. A comprehensive search was conducted of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2020. English-language publications that evaluated premenopausal women with fibroid-related bleeding symptoms before and after treatment were considered. Randomized controlled trials were assessed for bias with the established Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 and observational studies were assessed for quality under the New Castle-Ottawa Scale guidelines. Eighty-four studies were included in the review, including 10 randomized controlled trials and 74 observational studies. Six studies on myomectomy demonstrated overall bleeding symptom improvement in up to 95.9% of patients, though there was no significant difference between mode of myomectomy. Forty-one studies on uterine artery embolization reported significant reduction of fibroid-related bleeding, with symptomatic improvement in 79 to 98.5% of patients. Three studies suggested that embolization may be superior to myomectomy in reducing fibroid-related bleeding. Six studies reported that laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion combined with myomectomy led to greater reduction of bleeding than myomectomy alone. Fifteen studies demonstrated significantly reduced bleeding severity after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Additional research is needed to establish the superiority of these modalities over one another. Long-term evidence is limited in current literature for magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery, cryomyolysis, microwave ablation, and laser ablation.