cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The palette that stands out: Color compositions of online curated visual UGC that attracts higher consumer interaction

Photos posted by consumers on social media, like Instagram, often include brands. Despite the substantial increase in such photos, there have been few investigations into how prospective consumers respond to this visual UGC. We begin to address this gap by investigating the role of the color compositions of visual UGC in consumer response. Consumer response is operationalized as the click-rate for a photo by a consumer when it is curated on the online site of the brand that it includes. This is the proportion of visitors who click on it for an enlarged view. Composition is operationalized as the specific combination of levels of the photo’s color attributes: hue, chroma, and brightness. Our goal is to identify the color compositions of photos, ceteris paribus, which get more clicks when they are curated. Data for our investigation comes from clicks over a one-year period on photos posted on Instagram curated by fifteen brands in six product categories on their sites. We assume Beta distributed proportions and calibrate a Beta regression using MCMC methods for our investigation. We find that click-rates are higher for photos that include higher proportions of green and lower proportions of red and cyan. We also find that chroma of red and blue are higher in photos with higher click-rates. Findings from our research led the sponsoring firm to modify its proprietary curation algorithm for client brands. The firm informed us that, post-modification, there has been a substantial increase in click-rates of curated photos for brands in several categories.
Effects of Inoculation Procedures on Variability and Repeatability of Salmonella Thermal Resistance in Wheat Flour.

ABSTRACT Limited prior research has shown that inoculation methods affect thermal resistance of Salmonella in low-moisture foods; however, these effects and their repeatability have not been systematically quantified. Consequently, method variability across studies limits utility of individual data sets and cross-study comparisons. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of inoculation methodologies on stability and thermal resistance of Salmonella in a low-moisture food (wheat flour), and the repeatability of those results, based on data generated by two independent laboratories. The experimental design consisted of a cross-laboratory comparison, both conducting isothermal Salmonella inactivation studies in wheat flour (~0.45 water activity, 80°C), utilizing five different inoculation methods: (i) broth-based liquid inoculum, (ii) lawn-based liquid inoculum, (iii) lawn-based pelletized inoculum, (iv) direct harvest of lawn culture with wheat flour, and (v) fomite transfer of a lawn culture. ...
Mean conditions predict salt marsh plant community diversity and stability better than environmental variability

Environmental variability and the frequency of extreme events are predicted to increase in future climate scenarios; however, the role of fluctuations in shaping community composition, diversity and stability is not well understood. Identifying current patterns of association between measures of community stability and climatic means and variability will help elucidate the ways in which altered variability and mean conditions may change communities in the future. Salt marshes provide essential ecosystem services and are increasingly threatened by sea-level rise, land-use change, eutrophication and predator loss, yet the effects of temporal environmental variation on salt marshes remain unknown. We synthesized long-term plant community monitoring data from 11 sites on both coasts of the United States. We used an information-theoretic approach and linear models to determine the associations among long-term mean conditions, interannual environmental variability, and plant community stability and diversity. We found that salt marsh community stability and diversity were more strongly related to long-term means of temperature and precipitation than to interannual variation. Warm and wet environments had fewer species and less turnover among years. Our results suggest that communities in cool, dry environments may be more resilient to climate warming due to greater species richness and turnover. Mean conditions are sufficient to predict contemporary patterns of salt marsh plant community dynamics, but environmental variability may have stronger impacts as it increases with climate change.
Some Tools for Carrying Out a Proposed Process for Supervising Experience Hours for Aspiring Board Certified Behavior Analysts

While task clarification, goal setting, feedback, and behavioral skills training (BST) are well-supported methods for performance improvement, there is no standardized approach to supervising aspiring Board Certified Behavior Analysts® (BCBAs®) that specifies how such practices should be used within a comprehensive supervision system, namely for supervising those who are still accruing experience hours for the purpose of becoming board certified. This article outlines a systematic approach to BCBA supervision and provides a set of tools that supervisors can use to ensure that they are engaging in empirically based supervision practices.
Small copy-number variations involving genes of the FGF pathway in differences in sex development

Retrospective chromosome microarray analysis of 83 genes within the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway in 52 patients with heterogeneous differences in sex development (DSD) revealed small copy-number variations (CNVs) in ~31% (n=26) of investigated genes. Roughly half of these genes (39/83) are ⩽50 kb. This study highlights the potential involvement of small CNVs in disrupting normal gene function and dysregulating genes of the FGF pathway associated with DSD.
Metric for a Temporal Manifold Derived from Special Relativity and Newtonian Classical Gravitational Potential

In a previous paper (Austin, 2017) a method for calculating time dilation from Newtonian gravitational potential provided a first order equivalence to Schwarzschild’s solution to Einstein’s field equations. This equivalence is for the transformation of the time component between locations when only the radial component is changed. The derivation from the previous paper will be merged with Special Relativity’s kinetic energy derivation to form a metric for a Riemannian geometry. A geodesic is derived from the metric and compared to Schwarzschild’s solution.
Examination of Sentinel-2A Multi-spectral Instrument (MSI) Reflectance Anisotropy and the Suitability of a General Method to Normalize MSI Reflectance to Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance

Abstract The Sentinel-2A multi-spectral instrument (MSI) acquires multi-spectral reflective wavelength observations with directional effects due to surface reflectance anisotropy and changes in the solar and viewing geometry. Directional effects were examined by considering two ten day periods of Sentinel-2A data acquired close to the solar principal and orthogonal planes over approximately 20° × 10° of southern Africa. More than 6.6 million (January 2016) and 10.6 million (April 2016) pairs of reflectance observations sensed 3 or 7 days apart in the forward and backscatter directions in overlapping Sentinel-2A orbit swaths were considered. The Sentinel-2A data were projected into the MODIS sinusoidal projection but first had to be registered due to a misregistration issue evident in the overlapping orbits. The top of atmosphere reflectance data were corrected to surface reflectance using the SEN2COR atmospheric correction software. Only pairs of forward and backward reflectance values that were cloud and snow-free, unsaturated, and had no significant change in their 3 or 7 day separation, were considered. The maximum observed Sentinel-2A view zenith angle was 11.93°. Greater BRDF effects were apparent in the January data (acquired close to the solar principal plane) than the April data (acquired close to the orthogonal plane) and at higher view zenith angle. For the January data the average difference between the surface reflectance in the forward and backward scatter directions at the Sentinel-2A scan edges increased with wavelength from 0.035 (blue), 0.047 (green), 0.057 (red), 0.078 (NIR), to about 0.1 (SWIR). These differences may constitute a significant source of noise for certain applications. The suitability of a recently published methodology developed to generate Landsat nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance (NBAR) was examined for Sentinel-2A application. The methodology uses fixed MODIS BRDF spectral parameters and is attractive because it has little sensitivity to the land cover type, condition, or surface disturbance and can be derived in a computationally efficient manner globally. It was applied to the southern Africa Sentinel-2A data and shown to reduce Sentinel-2A BRDF effects. The average difference between the reflectance in the forward and backward scatter directions at the Sentinel-2A scan edges was smaller in the NBAR data than in the corresponding surface reflectance data. Residual BRDF effects in the Sentinel-2A NBAR data occurred likely because of atmospheric correction and sensor calibration errors and inadequacies in the NBAR derivation approach. These issues are discussed with recommendations for future research including global and red-edge Sentinel-2A NBAR derivation that were not considered in this study.
Continuous vagal monitoring value in prevention of vocal cord paralysis following thyroid surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (CIONM) of the vagus nerve was proposed to obtained frequent repetitive electromyography (EMG) data to recognize early change in intraoperative function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We examine our initial experience using this technology. Study design Retrospective review. Methods Data for all patients who underwent neck surgery by a single surgeon at a North American institution over a 5-year period were reviewed. CIONM was used in cases with possible higher risk of traction injury and according to surgeon preference. In these cases, stretch injury was established by warning alarm with threshold of ≥50% reduction in amplitude and/or ≥ 10% increase in latency. Preoperative and postoperative direct laryngoscopy was performed for all patients. Results A total of 879 endocrine neck surgeries were performed. CIONM was used to monitor 455 recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) in 344 (39.1%) surgeries. An automatic periodic stimulation (APS) alarm detected impending nerve injury in 33 (9.6%) cases by 64.9% ± 12.7% decrease in amplitude and by 27.3% increase in latency in one case. A total loss of signal (LOS) was detected in 15 (4.36%) cases. The immediate release of causative retraction successfully preserved the nerves in all cases with impending injury; however, there was no improvement in the LOS cases. Other than the cases with LOS, postoperative laryngoscopy showed normal vocal cord function in all cases. Conclusions APS technology is safe, feasible, and helpful in approximately 10% of cases in our series, which developed nascent neurapraxia adverse EMG changes associated with intraoperative RLN stretch that could be reversed intraoperatively. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:2429-2432, 2018.
Personality Traits and Adaptive HIV Disease Management: Relationships with Engagement in Care and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Highly Sexually Active Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify systematic relationships between personality domains and engagement in HIV care and secondary HIV prevention among sexual minority men li...
Greater Colo-Rectal Activation Phenotype in Exercised mdx Mice.

Introduction Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disease that is caused by a deficiency of dystrophin protein. Both Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients and dystrophic mice suffer from intestinal dysfunction. Methods The present study arose from a chance observation of differences in fecal output of dystrophic vs. normal mice during 20-minutes of forced continuous treadmill exercise. Here, we report on the effects of exercise on fecal output in two different dystrophic mutants and their normal background control strains. All fecal materials evacuated during exercise were counted, dried and weighed. Results Mice of both mutant dystrophic strains produced significantly more fecal material during the exercise bout than the relevant control strains. iscussion We propose that exercise--induced Colo--Rectal Activation Phenotype test could be used as a simple, highly sensitive, non-invasive biomarker to determine efficacy of dystrophin replacement therapies.
The surface water and ocean topography mission

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography SWOT mission is a partnership between two communities, physical oceanography and hydrology, to share high vertical accuracy and high spatial resolution topography data produced by the science payload, whose principal instrument is a Ka-band radar Interferometer. The SWOT mission will provide large-scale data sets of ocean sea-surface height resolving scales of 15km (in ocean wavelength) and larger, allowing the characterization of ocean mesoscale and submesoscale circulation. Present altimeter constellations can only resolve the ocean circulation at ocean wavelengths larger than 200km. SWOT will address fundamental questions on the dynamics of ocean variability at wavelengths shorter than 200km, which encompasses mesoscale and submesoscale processes such as the formation, evolution, and dissipation of eddy variability (including narrow currents, fronts, and quasi-geostrophic turbulence) and their role in air-sea interaction. The SWOT mission will also provide measurements of water storage changes in terrestrial surface water bodies and will provide estimates of discharge in large (wider than 100m) rivers, globally. The SWOT measurements will directly measure the surface water (lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and wetlands) component of the water cycle. The core of the SWOT payload consists of a Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn) — a dual-antenna synthetic aperture radar specifically designed to make high precision height and backscatter measurements enabling the key oceanographic and hydrology data sets. The SWOT payload also includes: a Nadir Altimeter (NA) system, a radiometer for tropospheric path delay corrections, and a precision orbit determination instrument suite consisting of Global Positioning System-Payload (GPSP), Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) receivers, and a Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA). SWOT is a partnership mission between NASA, the French Space Agency (CNES), The United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), and The Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The spacecraft bus and command & data ground stations are provided by CNES, while the launch vehicle and payload module are provided by NASA/JPL. The SWOT payload module instrument suite consists of the NASA/JPL provided KaRIn instrument, cross-track radiometer, GPS, and laser retroreflector, as well as the CNES provided DORIS and nadir pointing radar altimeter. CNES also provides the Radio Frequency Unit (RFU) sub-system for which the UKSA contributes the Duplexer assembly. The RFU is a key subsystem of the KaRIn instrument. CSA contributes the Extended Interaction Klystron (EIK) which is one of the KaRIn subsystem. This paper describes the mission design, implementation of the Payload, and some of the interface and design challenges.
A Model Based Continuous Improvement Methodology for Sustainable Manufacturing

This paper proposes a model based continuous improvement methodology to support efforts to achieve sustainable manufacturing, i.e., to increase efficiency and reduce environmental impact of manufacturing systems. Past efforts have provided guidance at a high level or with a focus on products. This paper focuses on supporting efforts for manufacturing, in particular, at the factory level. A framework is proposed to support the methodology by facilitating application of optimization and simulation models for sustainable manufacturing.
Secure GPS Data for Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources: Cross‐Layered Integrity Processing and Alerting Service

Global Positioning System (GPS) data is vulnerable to radio frequency interference (RFI), spoofing, and cyber-attacks. We can defend against these types of attacks by having alternate sources of positioning, navigation, and timing information. However, delays in detection can result in cascading, negative consequences to users. This is especially true with GPS-dependent critical infrastructure and key resources. We propose a solution to close the gap between detection and alerting by leveraging data from existing continuously operating reference station (CORS) networks. Our approach is to develop a service that will utilize a combination of radio frequency (RF) and data integrity monitoring algorithms while addressing cyber hardening and latency needs. The service involves both auto and cross-correlation of received signal strengths and the GPS broadcast navigation messages within CORS networks. We conducted an experiment monitoring a government approved GPS testing event to demonstrate the ability to use existing CORS networks to detect attacks on GPS data.
Flavor diagonal tensor charges of the nucleon from ( 2 + 1 + 1 )-flavor lattice QCD

We present state-of-the-art results for the matrix elements of flavor diagonal tensor operators within the nucleon state. The calculation of the dominant connected contribution is done using 11 ensembles of gauge configurations generated by the MILC Collaboration using the highly improved staggered quark action with $2+1+1$ dynamical flavors. The calculation of the disconnected contributions is done using seven (six) ensembles for the strange (light) quarks. These high-statistics simulations allowed us to address various systematic uncertainties. A simultaneous fit in the lattice spacing and the light-quark mass is used to extract the tensor charges in the continuum limit and at ${M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=135\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. Results for the proton in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV are ${g}_{T}^{u}=0.784(28)(10)$, ${g}_{T}^{d}=\ensuremath{-}0.204(11)(10)$ and ${g}_{T}^{s}=\ensuremath{-}0.0027(16)$. Implications of these results for constraining the quark electric dipole moments and their contributions to the neutron electric dipole moment are discussed.
Design of an Electrothermally Actuated SU-8 Based Microgripper for Biomedical Applications

Micromanipulation has become a significant task in the fields of microelectromechanical systems, cell biology and cell mechanics in past few decades. To study cell mechanics and cell biology, samples are required. In general, these samples are taken with the help of a microgripper, also known as micro-tweezer and micromanipulator. In this paper, a biocompatible microgripper design is presented for single cell manipulation. SU-8 material is selected due to biocompatibility and thermal properties for microgripper design. Electrothermal actuators are used to provide input displacement and force to compliant mechanism. Compliant mechanism include Scott Russell mechanism, Multi-stage Compound Radial Flexure and leverage mechanism, which provide amplification in output displacement at low power. Response of microgripper is close to linear for accurate and intelligent manipulation task. Jaws are designed to grip cells and objects of various shapes and sizes. Results are produced using finite element analysis software, to check the usability of design for biomedical applications. 30 μm displacement is achieved at low voltage of 50 mV, keeping temperature of gripping jaws at room temperature.
Effects of weather variability on population dynamics of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus)

Research on the potential causes of population fluctuations in small mammals generally has focused more on biotic than abiotic factors. In this study, we asked whether the rate of population change of 2 widespread small rodents in deciduous forests of North America are associated with a set of weather events expected to affect the rodents either directly or indirectly. We analyzed a long-term (1995–2016) livetrapping data set from 6 field plots in southeastern New York, estimated rates of population change for white-footed mice and eastern chipmunks, and asked whether these rates are associated with any of a set of 5 weather variables selected a priori. Rates of population change of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), but not of chipmunks (Tamias striatus), were significantly lower during hurricane than non-hurricane years and in summers with drought than in non-drought summers. Reduced population growth of white-footed mice occurred during the same or subsequent season but we detected no longer-term effects. Neither species was affected by autumn precipitation, summer heat waves, or winter cold. Hurricane- and drought-induced changes in abundance of white-footed mice could affect their short-term interactions with prey (e.g., gypsy moth pupae, tree seeds, and songbird eggs) and parasites (e.g., ticks and zoonotic pathogens).
Oxidative Stress and Bladder Cancer Carcinogenesis: Early Detection and Chemoprevention Involving Nrf2—an Integrative Approach

Oxidative stress is a driver of many diseases, including cancer. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2) provides cellular defense against oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes. This protective role is evident from studies on bladder cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. This article reviews the impact of excessive oxidative stress on bladder carcinogenesis, aiming to understand what is happening from an epidemiological perspective concerning its burden and management, as well as to discuss the challenges including high relapse rate. Two measures are proposed for reducing the burden and better management: first, promote early diagnosis of BCa with fluorescence cystoscopy; second, increase dietary intake of nutraceuticals that demonstrate functional antioxidative Nrf2. Such an integrative approach may provide a better prognostic outcome for BCa patients or people who are at higher risk of developing BCa.
Close Relationships and Virtual Reality

The intersection between close relationships research and virtual reality holds great promise for the advancement of both fields. In social science research laboratories and mainstream society, virtual reality is becoming an increasingly popular and viable tool and method for not only studying close relationships such as romantic relationships and friendships, but also for engaging in relational processes (e.g., social interactions, relationship formation, and relationship maintenance). Initial research at the forefront of this intersection has focused on attachment theory in adult romantic relationships, exploring (a) how attachment processes occur and (b) how they may be studied using digital, immersive spaces created via virtual reality. The current chapter first provides a general overview of both attachment theory and virtual reality before delving deeper into the intersection of adult attachment theory, neuroscience, and virtual reality. The chapter then concludes with potential future directions for research at the intersection of close relationships and virtual reality.
Frequency of troponin elevations in patients with influenza infection during the 2017–2018 influenza season

Abstract Background With the increased number of influenza cases observed during the 2017 – 2018 season, patients may be at a greater risk of cardiac related complications as a sequela of viral illness. We described the frequency of troponin elevations in patients with influenza infection during the 2017 – 2018 influenza season. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center observational study. All patients aged 18 years or older and had laboratory confirmed influenza viral infection were included in the study. Troponins were considered elevated if greater than 0.3 ng/mL. Electronic health records were reviewed for demographics, laboratory values, coronary artery disease history, electrocardiography, echocardiography results, and incidence of inpatient mortality. Results A total of 1,131 patients had lab confirmed influenza infection. Majority of the influenza strains were influenza A, 76.2% (n = 863), and the rest of the influenza strains comprised of influenza B, 23.8% (n = 270). Thirty three (2.9%) patients had elevation of troponin levels greater than 0.3 ng/mL. Most of the patients with elevated troponin levels had influenza A infection (90.9%, n = 30), of which H3 subtype was the most common (48.5%, n = 16). Fifteen patients (45.5%) had a myocardial infarction, 20 (60.6%) had left ventricular abnormalities visualized on echocardiogram, and four (12.1%) died while inpatient. Conclusions Our results describe the frequency of troponin elevations in patients with influenza infection at our institution during the 2017 – 2018 influenza season.
Multiculturally competent intake interview with LGBTQI + clients

AbstractMulticultural counseling competencies (MCC) in an intake interview is the most fundamental component of affirmative counseling practice for individuals that identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ), or other sexual-relational orientation or gender identity. Despite the importance of counselors’ MCC in the area of intake interviews, little practical guidance exists to help counselors conduct multicultural competent intake interviews. This article provides practical guidelines and strategies for counselors to engage clients in multiculturally competent intake interviews.
The Effect of Lunate Morphology in Carpal Disorders: Review of the Literature

Variation in lunate morphology can exist based on the absence (Type I) or presence (Type II) of medial facet on the distal articular surface of the lunate that contacts the proximal pole of the hamate. This additional lunatohamate articulation can affect load transmission across the radiocarpal joint and exert an influence on carpal kinematics. A Type II lunate is protective against carpal instability patterns associated with scaphoid nonunions and scapholunate dissociations. It may also play a role in the progression of carpal collapse that occurs in Kienbock disease. This review summarizes the effect of lunate morphology in the outcomes of non-operative and operative treatment of carpal disorders.
Spondylolisthesis in the growing spine

Eine Spondylolisthese (griechisch fur Wirbelgleiten) bei Kindern ist meist Folge einer Unterbrechung (Lyse) oder einer Elongation der Interartikularportion. Ursache konnen eine angeborene Dysplasie der dorsal stabilisierenden Strukturen oder Druck der Facette auf die Interartikularportion sein. Diese ist Folge des aufrechten Ganges und der dafur notwendigen lumbalen Lordose. Die Therapie richtet sich nach den Beschwerden und der Progressionswahrscheinlichkeit. Diese hangt mit der Gleitstrecke, dem Grad der sekundaren Dysplasie der Wirbelkorper und dem sagittalen Profil zusammen, was in der Klassifikation von Mac-Thiong berucksichtigt wird. Bei geringgradigen Olisthesen ist eine konservative Therapie moglich, bei symptomatischen Lysen ohne Bandscheibendegeneration ein „pars repair“, bei hohergradigen Olisthesen wird in der Regel eine Reposition und Spondylodese angestrebt. Die Reposition verbessert die Fusionsrate und das sagittale Profil, erhoht jedoch das Risiko von Nervenschaden, weshalb eine vollstandige Reposition nicht erzwungen werden sollte.
Considerations of Conservative Treatment After a Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Context:Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions continue to increase without consensus on an evidence-based treatment protocol for nonoperative management. Currently, there is no consensus ...
"Hurt People, Hurt People": The Trauma of Juvenile Incarceration.

While approximately one in three youths are identified by juvenile probation officers as needing mental health services, researchers estimate that between 67 and 90% of detained and adjudicated youth meet criteria for at least one mental health diagnosis, and almost 50% for two or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. This staggering prevalence of mental health disorders amongst system-involved youth is more frequent than in the general adolescent population. The juvenile justice system (JJS) has become the default system for incarcerated youth who do not receive the proper mental health care in the community—especially marginalized, working-class youth of color. Given the fact that there are 1.6 million system-involved youth, it is vital for the JJS to begin to address their wellness. The purpose of this paper is to present how trauma affects system-involved youth by creating emotional, mental, spiritual and physical distress by examining data from a Youth Participatory Action Research project with system-involved youth and their allies.
Preliminaries via Gambles

Before tackling the complexities of the financial market and encountering unfamiliar words such as “options,” “hedging,” “arbitrage,” “Puts,” and “Calls,” consider a simpler issue that, in fact, captures much of what will be discussed. Suppose next Sunday there will be a football game between the Vikings from Minneapolis and the Packers from Green Bay.
Efficacy of Cold Therapy and Passive Stretching to Improve Gait in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy Children

Background One of the most common causes of severe physical disability in childhood is cerebral palsy (CP). Mobility is one of the most important functions to fulfill the activities of daily living. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of cold application to improve the ambulation in spastic diplegic CP children. Materials and Methods In this clinical trial study, 40 subjects were included for the study. They were divided into two groups, namely experimental (n=20), and conventional group (n=20). Study was carried out in Holy Cross College, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Tiruchirappalli, India. Conventional group was given regular conventional training and experimental group was given cold therapy, passive stretching in both legs before training. Both groups received training for 45 minutes, 3 times a week for a duration of 6 weeks. Modified Ashworth scales were used to measure spasticity step length, stride length and Cadences were used to measure the gait parameters, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was used to measure the functional activity. Results Significant effect was observed in decrease in spasticity, there was increase in gait parameters and timed up and go test in two studied groups. The post-test mean values of all the variables of cold therapy, passive stretching in experimental group are improved compared with that of conventional group. The experiment improved with stride length, step length, cadence, timed up and go test and Modified Ashworth scale (p<0.05). Conclusion Based on the derived results, there was decreased tone in spastic muscles and improvement in gait parameters and functional ability in children with diplegic CP after application of cold therapy and passive stretching.
A Deliberate Bit Flipping Coding Scheme for Data-Dependent Two-Dimensional Channels

In this paper, we present a deliberate bit flipping (DBF) coding scheme for binary two-dimensional (2-D) channels, where specific patterns in channel inputs are the significant cause of errors. The idea is to eliminate a constrained encoder and, instead, embed a constraint into an error correction codeword that is arranged into a 2-D array by deliberately flipping the bits that violate the constraint. The DBF method relies on the error correction capability of the code being used so that it should be able to correct both deliberate errors and channel errors. Therefore, it is crucial to flip minimum number of bits in order not to overburden the error correction decoder. We devise a constrained combinatorial formulation for minimizing the number of flipped bits for a given set of harmful patterns. The generalized belief propagation algorithm is used to find an approximate solution for the problem. We evaluate the performance gain of our proposed approach on a data-dependent 2-D channel, where 2-D isolated-bits patterns are the harmful patterns for the channel. Furthermore, the performance of the DBF method is compared with classical 2-D constrained coding schemes for the 2-D no isolated-bits constraint on a memoryless binary symmetric channel.
Venous Leg Ulcers

Venous leg ulcers are the most common form of leg ulcer. While there are many rare causes of ulcerations that can occur from knee to the toes, the overview provided herein gives the practitioner guidance on how to evaluate a patient presenting with a leg ulcer and care for and heal the venous ulcer and information about other more common types of ulcers that are in the differential diagnosis. Fortunately, history and physical examination can help determine, with some confirmatory tests, the type of ulcer. Nevertheless, the essentials of wound healing remain the same for the large majority of ulcers on the lower extremities. Healing will hasten if treatment of all leg ulcers includes assuring adequate perfusion; removing nonviable tissue; reducing inflammation and eliminating infection, relieving edema; optimizing tissue growth; off-loading or providing pressure relief; controlling pain; and treating host systemic disease or conditions such as diabetes and nutrition.
A Genre Against Them: Regulating Young Adults Through Literature

Young adult literature is not doing its job. Many critics have defined it as a genre for and about adolescents, but a close look at the definition in comparison to the content of the genre reveals cracks in the foundation. The genre might be about young adults, but in too many ways it is not for young adults: it is against them. A genre for young adults is one that is empowering, one that counters societal messages that consistently tell adolescents they should stay in their place. There are, of course, many things the genre does do to empower adolescents, like providing mirrors and windows into worlds other than their own; but, in small yet crucial ways, the genre is doing a very poor job at serving the audience it claims to champion.
The Implications of COVID-19 for the Mental Health Care of Older Adults: Insights from Emergency Department Social Workers.

Dear Editor, The increased number of older adults with mental health needs, combined with a shortage of geriatric mental health professionals, is a growing crisis in American health care. The ongoi...
Contrasts between the Romantic Syndrome and the Enlightenment Syndrome: Metaphysics

So far, we have drawn our examples of romantic taste exclusively from verse. Our conceptual scheme will certainly be far from useless even if it provides no more than a relatively precise and operational definition of romanticism in poetry. It will be still more useful, however, if we can show that the same pattern of romantic properties — soft-focus, dynamism, continuity, etc. — show up in many other media as well, for we will then have at our disposal a set of concepts with a very wide range of applicability and therefore capable of analyzing a culture as a whole.
Probing Charge Ordering in Fractional Mixed-ValenceCharge Density Wave Systems with Oriented HERFD-XANES Spectroscopy

We present oriented Pt LIII edge high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption near edge structure (HERFD-XANES) measurements on a series of structurally tunable quasi-one-dimension...
Predicting Human Olfactory Perception from Activities of Odorant Receptors

Odor perception in humans is initiated by activation of odorant receptors (ORs) in the nose. However, the ORs linked to specific olfactory percepts are unknown, unlike in vision or taste where receptors are linked to perception of different colors and tastes. The large family of ORs (~400) and multiple receptors activated by an odorant present serious challenges. Here, we first use machine learning to screen ~0.5 million compounds for new ligands and identify enriched structural motifs for ligands of 34 human ORs. We next demonstrate that the activity of ORs successfully predicts many of the 146 different perceptual qualities of chemicals. Although chemical features have been used to model odor percepts, we show that biologically relevant OR activity is often superior. Interestingly, each odor percept could be predicted with very few ORs, implying they contribute more to each olfactory percept. A similar model is observed in Drosophila where comprehensive OR-neuron data are available.
Abstract 15793: Joint Prediction of Hard Ascvd by Pooled Cohorts Equations Risk and Presence of Breast Arterial Calcification: The Minerva Study

Introduction: Prior studies have documented independent associations of breast arterial calcification (BAC) detected on mammographic screening with coronary artery disease or prospective cardiovasc...
The skewed sex distribution in affective disorders--a diagnostic, social, or biological problem?

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the anatomical and functional differences in the brains of the sexes and describes some of the impact of hormones on brain differentiation and function throughout the life span. There are unique hormonal fluctuations during the normal life span of women that impact neural function and thus mood and behavior. Since many physicians are convinced that women somatize more than men, the chapter explores the association between pain and emotions. In case of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), most of the women's symptoms of mood changes, sensitivity to pain, and changes in temperature and body weight are mild, but approximately 15% of women with severe and prolonged symptoms make suicide attempts. Depression during pregnancy is more common than generally believed, which often goes undiagnosed by clinicians. Depression during pregnancy has definite and deleterious effects on the fetus and long-term adverse effects on the child. Even men are not exempt from the impact of pregnancy. In a meta-analysis of the literature on prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression, it has been reported that in men, the overall rate of depression between the first trimester and a year postpartum is 10.4%, which is in contrast to a 4.8% prevalence in the 12-month period preceding pregnancy.
Testing Three Paradigms for Evolving Groups of Cooperative, Simple Agents

A comparison of methods for evolving groups of simple evolving agents is performed and analyzed. The symbot model is used as a testbed for comparing three possible representations of a population or group of populations used to evolve a cooperative simulated robot team. The goal of this work is to identify the effect of the different representations upon the total group effectiveness and individual contributions of group members.
A discontinuous Galerkin method for two‐dimensional shallow water flows

SUMMARY A numerical scheme is developed for two-dimensional, depth-averaged, shallow water flows based on the DG method. In the shallow water equations, the pressure force term and the bed slope term are combined to eliminate numerical imbalance. The HLLC approximate Riemann solver is employed to calculate the numerical flux for the DG scheme. A slope limiting procedure used for compressible flows is adapted for modeling incompressible two-dimensional flows. A simple treatment for modeling flow over initially dry bed is presented. To validate the scheme, numerical tests are conducted to simulate hydraulic jump, partial dam break, circular dam break, wetting and drying in parabolic bowl, and a real world dam break in the Toce River. Numerical results show that this scheme can accurately model shock waves, wetting and drying, and flows in the channel with varying geometry and bed topography found in natural channels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The differential outcomes effect in normal human adults using a concurrent-task within-subjects design and sensory outcomes

The differential outcomes effect is a phenomenon where use of a choice-unique outcome for each type of correct choice in a conditional discrimination task increases rate of learning and overall accuracy, as compared to the traditional use of a single, common outcome for all types of correct choices. This phenomenon was successfully demonstrated here in college students (p < .05) using differing immediate sensory outcomes rather than the usual rewards that have obvious hedonic values. Further, a unique version of a concurrent-task, within-subjects design, rather than the typical between-subjects design, was employed. Applications of this effect using sensory outcomes in education and training are discussed.
Femtosecond pulse splitting, supercontinuum generation and conical emission in normally dispersive media

We report on a self-consistent theory of critical self-focusing in the presence of normal group velocity dispersion. The underlying physical phenomena are all contained in the spatiotemporal dynamics of short laser pulses described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS). >
HST-FGS Astrometry of the Low Mass Binary L722-22

The M dwarf L722-22 (= LHS 1047) was discovered to be a binary system by Ianna 20 years ago. The analysis of the ground- based data indicated a mass 0.06M ⊙ for the secondary. This is below the nominal stellar mass limit of 0.08M ⊙. The importance of potential “brown-dwarf” candidates, and the fact that the masses of both components place them near the end of the main sequence, made this system a prime object for further, intensive, study.
Properties of Glass Substrates for Poly-Si Amlcd Technology

A major force for change in substrate requirements in the late 90’s may well be the commercialization of poly-silicon thin film transistor (TFT) Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display (AMLCDs) technology. The processes necessary for “poly-Si” occur at temperatures that are 150–300°C higher than the current amorphous-Si LCD processes. This impacts the thermal shrinkage and thermal gravimetric warp requirements of the glass, particularly as display resolutions tighten, as enabled by poly-Si. In addition, the expected integration of more components (e.g. chip-on-glass) impacts the requirements for the thermal expansion of the substrate. One approach for meeting the poly-Si demands for greater thermal-dimensional stability is to use glasses with higher temperature capability. A new glass, Code 1737, with the highest strain point commercially available at over 660°C, now enables poly-Si processing with acceptable sag and shrinkage after annealing. A logical goal for the next significant glass advancement would be to eliminate annealing altogether, but it is unclear what temperature capability is required. In this study, various glasses with strain points ranging from 600–800°C have been evaluated in terms of their density, thermal expansion, and thermal shrinkage following poly-Si thermal process simulations. It has been confirmed that the magnitude of shrinkage decreases with increasing strain point for glasses in this compositional family. In addition, future new insight into the effect of thermal expansion coefficient has been developed; the lower the thermal expansion coefficient (for a given strain point), the lower the magnitude of the shrinkage for a given strain point and high temperature thermal cycle. This is important new learning in the area of substrates for flat panel displays that will help in further design and development of glasses for future AMLCDs.
2-Methoxyethanol metabolism in pregnant CD-1 mice and embryos.

Upon oxidation to 2-methoxyacetic acid (2-MAA), 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) causes malformations in all animal species that have been examined. Commonly, 2-MAA is thought to be the proximate toxicant. However, our previous studies with [1,2-14C]2-ME and the present data obtained with [1-14C]2-MAA, [2-14C]2-ME and [methoxy-14C]2-ME revealed that metabolism beyond 2-MAA occurs. Regardless of the 14C position, dams exhaled ∼5% of the radioactivity administered as a single teratogenic oral dose (3.3 mmol/kg on Gestation Day [gd] 11) as 14CO2. With all isotopic variants urine contained 70–80% of the dose within 24 hr after administration and 13–18% in the next 24 hr. Three labeled products were resolved using HPLC: an unidentified Peak A (12–18% of dose), 2-MAA (∼50%), and the glycine conjugate of 2-MAA (∼25%). Short-term (4 hr) whole embryo culture on gd 11 with 3 mm 2-MAA and a tracer dose of [1-14C]2-MAA, [2-14C]2-MAA, or [methoxy-14C]2-MAA showed that 14CO2 evolved from the former two substrates, while there was none detectable from the latter. The data indicate that dams metabolized [methoxy-14]2-MAA to 14CO2, while embryos apparently did not. The production of labeled CO2 from [2-14C]2-ME suggests that 2-methoxyacetyl∼CoA (the precursor for amino acid conjugation with glycine) entered into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This interpretation is supported by the inhibition of 14CO2 evolution elicited by fluoroacetate (0.1 or 1.0 mm) and sodium acetate (5 mm). It is not yet clear whether entry of 2-methoxyacetyl∼CoA as a “false substrate” in the TCA cycle is of significance for the embryotoxic effects of 2-ME/2MAA.
National Estimates of Registered Sex Offenders in the United States: Is Double Counting a Problem?

The study of the content and makeup of the national registered sex offender population is in its early stages. Only a handful of studies have been conducted that assess the demographic, offense, and risk profiles of individuals on sex offender registries. This study analyzed data from the national sex offender registry to determine to what extent registered sex offenders were double counted, where they were double counted, and if there were any differences between individuals who were double counted and those who were not. Findings suggest that less than 3 % of the national estimate is double counted and that the individuals flagged as double counted were predominantly from a handful of states.
Identification of farm manager types through cluster analysis of calf and heifer management practices

Abstract Cluster analysis (a type of data analysis used successfully in other disciplines to create categories or classify groups) can contribute to preventive veterinary medicine in many areas such as calf and heifer management. Its contribution lies in the identification of subgroups that share managerial techniques that need to be altered, adopted or eliminated to improve herd health management and thus prevent diseases. As a result of the identification of these subgroups, prevention strategies can be more efficient and effective. In this particular study of a random sample of 329 Pennsylvania dairy herds, five subgroups of dairy farmers were differentiated by their use of management practices in preventive health, nutrition, reproduction, and housing. These five management profiles were related to age of first calving, thus adding to confidence in the subgroups and their implication for preventive veterinary medicine.