cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Randomized Control Trial Comparing Continuous Urinary Drainage to a Urinary Catheter Valve in Women Being Discharged with a Foley After Urogynecologic Surgery

Study Objective Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common with indwelling catheter use. A urinary catheter valve is a 3-inch device that attaches to the end of a Foley catheter, replacing a continuous drainage bag, and allows for intermittent bladder drainage. Our primary objective was to evaluate UTI rates in women sent home after surgery with continuous bladder drainage compared with the urinary catheter valve. Design This was a non-inferiority prospective randomized controlled trial between June 2016 to March 2019. The primary outcome of this study was post-operative UTI rates within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes include: patient satisfaction, as determined by a Foley satisfaction questionnaire, and number of days to spontaneous void. Setting 2 Academic-affiliated hospitals. Patients or Participants Women between ages 18-90 who underwent a urogynecologic procedure and were to be discharged home with a Foley catheter were included in this study. Subjects with an intra-operative complication requiring continuous bladder drainage or medical history significant for dementia or altered cognitive function were excluded from participation. A total of 81 women were included; 43 in the continuous drainage group and 38 in the urinary catheter valve group. Interventions Women were randomized to either a continuous urinary drainage bag attached to their indwelling catheter, or a urinary catheter valve, allowing for intermittent drainage. Measurements and Main Results Patient demographics showed no differences between groups. UTI rates were 25.6% in the continuous drainage group and 26.3% in the urinary catheter valve group (p=0.94). Patients were more satisfied with the urinary catheter valve as compared to the traditional continuous drainage bag (p= Conclusion The urinary catheter valve is a convenient alternative to a continuous urinary drainage bag with higher patient satisfaction. In this non-inferiority study, rates of urinary tract infection were similar in both groups.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Dialysis Discontinuation and Survival after Hospitalization for Serious Conditions among Patients on Maintenance Dialysis.

Background Racial and ethnic minorities on dialysis survive longer than whites, and are less likely to discontinue dialysis. Both differences have been attributed by some clinicians to better health among minorities on dialysis. Methods To test if racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation reflected better health, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of survival and dialysis discontinuation among patients on maintenance dialysis in the US Renal Data System after hospitalization for either stroke (n=60,734), lung cancer (n=4100), dementia (n=40,084), or failure to thrive (n=42,950) between 2003 and 2014. We examined the frequency of discontinuation of dialysis and used simulations to estimate survival in minorities relative to whites if minorities had the same pattern of dialysis discontinuation as whites. Results Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had substantially lower frequencies of dialysis discontinuation than whites in each hospitalization cohort. Observed risks of mortality were also lower for blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. In simulations that assigned discontinuation patterns similar to those found among whites across racial and ethnic groups, differences in survival were markedly attenuated and hazard ratios approached 1.0. Survival and dialysis discontinuation frequencies among American Indians and Alaska Natives were close to those of whites. Conclusions Racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation were present among patients hospitalized with similar health events. Among these patients, survival differences between racial and ethnic minorities and whites were largely attributable to differences in the frequency of discontinuation of dialysis.
Viral vitriol: Predictors and contagion of online toxicity in World of Tanks

Abstract Toxic behaviors are pervasive in online games and can be harmful to building a positive online environment. Guided by the social identity model of deindividuation, this study represents one of the first efforts to examine the antecedents of toxicity in team-based online games using longitudinal behavioral data. It fills two important gaps in existing research, by 1) exploring non-verbal and behavioral dimensions of toxicity, and 2) examining team-level in addition to individual-level predictors. Employing a large-scale behavioral dataset from the popular game World of Tanks, we found that, in general, experienced and skillful players are more likely to commit toxic behaviors. Teams that are losing, or have a high internal skill disparity among their members tend to breed toxicity. In addition, this study provides empirical evidence that toxicity is contagious among players, especially toxic behaviors in one's own teams and in clan battles.
Hematoma Mimicking Breast Cancer on CT Scan and Breast Ultrasound.

There are many benign breast lesions that mimic breast cancer on breast imaging. Postlumpectomy scar, hematoma, fat necrosis, diabetic mastopathy, and granulomatous mastitis are examples of benign breast lesions that have suspicious breast imaging findings. Mammogram and breast ultrasound are the imaging studies to evaluate breast findings. CT scan is not used to evaluate breast findings because it delivers high radiation dose to the breast, and breast tissue is often confused as breast masses on CT scan. The following case demonstrates an incidentally detected breast mass on CT scan performed to assess for pulmonary embolism. The CT scan and subsequent breast ultrasound both demonstrated suspicious breast imaging findings. Final pathology from ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed hematoma. This benign finding was concordant with the patient's medical history of cirrhosis with low platelet count and medication history of warfarin.
Evaluation of Adult Neurology Residency Program Websites.

Objective Neurology residency program websites often serve as the initial face of a program for prospective residents early in the application process. We evaluated adult neurology residency program websites to determine their comprehensiveness to identify areas for improvement. Methods A list of adult neurology residency programs in the United States was compiled using information on the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) websites. A total of 24 website criteria covering educational, recruitment, and compensation content were assessed for comprehensiveness. Programs' website comprehensiveness was compared based on geographic location, program affiliation (community and/or academic), program size, and program/hospital Doximity and U.S. News & World Report rankings. Results A total of 153 US adult neurology residency program websites were evaluated. Fewer than one-half of program websites were accessible with a direct link from either FREIDA or ERAS. The number of residency program websites reporting each content criterion varied greatly. Mean percentage of overall website comprehensiveness among neurology residency programs was 65.9%. Northeast location, academic affiliation, larger programs, and top-ranked programs on Doximity were associated with greater program website comprehensiveness. Interpretation There is opportunity for all neurology residency programs to improve their websites to provide prospective applicants with a more informed and comprehensive perspective of programs during the application process. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:637-642.
Multi-beam mask writer in EUV era: challenges and opportunities

EUV lithography requirements continue to present new challenges and opportunities for multi-beam mask writer. Driven by sub-10nm node mask requirements for higher resolution, CD uniformity, pattern placement accuracy, lower line edge roughness (LER), and zero writer-induced defects, the multi-beam mask patterning technology must keep the pace, continue to innovate, and work hand-in-hand with mask makers to overcome these challenges to meet the mask and wafer manufacturing metrics and requirements. In this paper we will review some of these challenges from the mask maker point of view. Also, we will shed light on a bigger challenge of transitioning to curvilinear mask ILT (Inverse Lithography Technology) data structure and the support needed from multi-beam writer to handle large data volume. Processing and managing this large growth of data helps the mask industry speed up the process of adapting to this technology and enabling EUV mask and wafer manufacturing reach its ultimate goals.
Precision and Immunoprevention Strategies for Tobacco-Related Head and Neck Cancer Chemoprevention

To date, there is no FDA-approved chemoprevention approach for tobacco-related HNSCC. Effective chemoprevention approaches validated in sufficiently powered randomized trials are needed to reduce the incidence and improve survival. In this review, we recap the challenges encountered in past chemoprevention trials and discuss emerging approaches, with major focus on green chemoprevention, precision prevention, and immunoprevention. As our current depth of knowledge expands in the arena of cancer immunotherapy, the field of immunoprevention is primed for new discoveries and successes in cancer prevention.
N-3 Long Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation, Fatty Acids Desaturase Activity, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on markers of rectal cell proliferation and apoptosis and examine how genetic variation in desaturase enzymes might modify this effect. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, control six-month trial of 2.5 grams of n-3 LCPUFA per day compared to olive oil. Study participants had a history of colorectal adenomas. Randomization was stratified based on the gene variant rs174535 in the fatty acid desaturase 1 enzyme (FADS1). Our primary outcome was change in markers of rectal epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Results A total of 141 subjects were randomized. We found no difference in apoptosis markers between participants randomized to n-3 LCPUFA compared to olive oil (P = 0.41). N-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased cell proliferation in the lower colonic crypt compared to olive oil (P = 0.03) however baseline indexes of proliferation were different between the groups at randomization. We found no evidence that genotype modified the effect. Conclusions Our study did not show evidence of a proliferative or pro-apoptotic effect on n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on rectal mucosa regardless of the FADS genotype.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01661764Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1955286.
Conclusion: Domestic Politics, International Pressure, and Transitional Justice

The concluding chapter compares the case studies and dives further into the theoretical discussions and questions that arise from the three-state comparison. The chapter sheds light to the importance of continuing the work of transnational advocacy networks and also empowering the domestic advocacy front in order to pressure and maintain states to continue the route of consistent compliance with adopted norms. On the other hand, the findings related to the political interests and calculations of former regime holders in stalling and preventing compliance with norms raises concerns previously overlooked in the literature. This chapter concludes by demonstrating the vulnerability of states’ commitment to normative obligations and emphasizing the continued importance domestic political utility calculations have in determining state behavior.
Does airway smooth muscle express an inflammatory phenotype in asthma

In addition to hyperresponsiveness in asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) also manifests an inflammatory phenotype characterized by augmented expression of mediators that enhance inflammation, contribute to tissue remodelling and augment leucocyte trafficking and activity. Our present review summarizes contemporary understanding of ASM-derived mediators and their paracrine and autocrine actions in airway diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Respiratory Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-1
Creating a Personalized Web-Based Library Tour

Unlike other Web-based library tours, the Colorado State University Libraries Virtual Tour [http://manta.library.colostate.edu/tour/] permits customization options allowing different users to access information that suits their needs and experiences. Users may select various access points, including a pre-arranged order, an alphabetical list of stops, an arrangement by floor, or may assemble a customized list of tour stops. Each tour stop features a photo, a map, bulleted information, and links to in-depth information. While designed for maximum accessibility, the tour also offers optional high-bandwith features like 360 degree panoramic views, audio segments, and JavaScript enhancements. A brief interactive quiz at the end of the tour checks for retention of basic information. This customization has numerous benefits including an interactive, more personalized tour experience for users and more classroom time devoted to library instruction, rather than physically navigating the building.
Lessons Learned from Managing a Petabyte

The amount of data collected and stored by the average business doubles each year. Many commercial databases are already approaching hundreds of terabytes, and at this rate, will soon be managing petabytes. More data enables new functionality and capability, but the larger scale reveals new problems and issues hidden in ''smaller'' terascale environments. This paper presents some of these new problems along with implemented solutions in the framework of a petabyte dataset for a large High Energy Physics experiment. Through experience with two persistence technologies, a commercial database and a file-based approach, we expose format-independent concepts and issues prevalent at this new scale of computing.
Black Children and the American Dilemma: The Invisible Tears of Invisible Children

This article invokes the theme of invisibility as a metaphorical way of demonstrating the conditions of Black children in America. The theme of invisibility is examined during the period of slavery, and in the context of various social issues and movements such as school desegregation, the civil rights movement and transracial adoption. In each instance the true needs of Black children are sacriaced in exchange for other social goals that adults deemed more important. Though the needs of Black children were offered as the reason for policy changes, the children were never the beneaciaries of the change. The article argues for a new social policy that will make the needs of children of color and poor children a national priority. Unless this occurs, the dreams of Black children will continue to be deferred, and the nightmares that have governed their lives will continue to haunt them and this nation. Despite the enormous scholarly energy that has been devoted to the phenomenon of racism in American society, there still exist various groups of individuals who suffer from the past and present consequences of this dreaded social disease. One of the subtle consequences of racism is its ability to render individuals and groups invisible.1 This status of invisibility can operate on a physical dimen* Professor of Law, Northeastern University School of Law. I would like to thank my excellent research assistant, Corey Himrod, for his dedicated work on this project. Shalanda Baker also contributed to the footnotes in this article. 1 Ralph Ellison sets out his notion of invisibility at the very beginning of his landmark work, Invisible Man, when the novel’s hero states: I am an invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of oesh and bone, aber and liquids—and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Like the bodiless heads you sometimes see in circus sideshows, it is as though I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or agments of their imagination—indeed, everything and anything except me. Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man 3 (1952); see also Kerry McSweeney, Invisible Man: Race and Identity 16–18 (1988). In McSweeny’s critique of Ellison’s Invisible Man, she recounts
Attitudes of adolescents toward pregnancy and contraception

Teenage pregnancy rates are increasing, particularly among the younger age groups. The causes of this increase are varied. While many people assume that most adolescent pregnancies are unwanted and result from a lack of contraceptive knowledge and/or availability, our findings were quite to the contrary. In-depth interviews with 87 pregnant teenagers in a large Southern city revealed that almost all had knowledge of contraception and that most were happy about being pregnant. Multidisciplinary programs have been organized throughout the country to address the adolescent pregnancy problem. Our study emphasizes the fact that to be effective, such programs must be tailored to the individual target group and that concentrating on the increased dissemination of contraceptive knowledge and methods may not be the most effective approach in some groups.
On line H/sub 2/, H/sub infinity / and pointwise uncertainty bound quantification in identification of restricted complexity models

The authors consider the problem of online uncertainty bound quantification in identification of restricted complexity models. The algorithms presented provide a hard and tight upper bound on the unknown model uncertainty in H/sub 2/, H/sub infinity /, and pointwise senses. The algorithms proposed are simple, online, and recursive. This allows robust control and adaptive identification to be combined. >
3D object recognition: interpretation tree search on a MIMD machine

This paper presents a parallel implementation of a tree search strategy for recognition of 3D objects in range images. A coarse-grained and a medium-grained implementaton of the tree search algorithm is presented and analyzed. The performances of the two implementations are analyzed on a 96-node BBN GP-1000 and on a 48-node BBN TC-2000; and, for comparison, on a Sun SPARCstation 2. >
Regional environmental and economic impact evaluation: An input-output approach

Abstract This article develops a regional input-output model which deals with both the environmental sector and the traditional treatment of the economy. The model differs from previous work in that environmental interactions are treated non-linearly and explicit account is taken of environmental feedback to the economic sector. Estimation of non-linear environmental feedback makes it possible to more accurately assess the sensitivity of the regional economic-environmental structure to shifts in final demand over time.
Laboratory spectra of gas-phase coronene at elevated temperatures

Gas-phase infrared spectra of coronene from 4000 to 400/cm are presented in emission and absorption at temperatures from 350 to 450 C. Peak positions are compared to KBr pellet data and to a previously published neon matrix-isolated coronene spectrum. Relative feature strengths are analyzed and used to estimate a temperature of interstellar PAHs assuming thermal emission.
The Maximum Entropy Relaxation Path

The relaxed maximum entropy problem is concerned with finding a probability distribution on a finite set that minimizes the relative entropy to a given prior distribution, while satisfying relaxed max-norm constraints with respect to a third observed multinomial distribution. We study the entire relaxation path for this problem in detail. We show existence and a geometric description of the relaxation path. Specifically, we show that the maximum entropy relaxation path admits a planar geometric description as an increasing, piecewise linear function in the inverse relaxation parameter. We derive fast algorithms for tracking the path. In various realistic settings, our algorithms require $O(n\log(n))$ operations for probability distributions on $n$ points, making it possible to handle large problems. Once the path has been recovered, we show that given a validation set, the family of admissible models is reduced from an infinite family to a small, discrete set. We demonstrate the merits of our approach in experiments with synthetic data and discuss its potential for the estimation of compact n-gram language models.
Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Prolactin, and Bromocriptine on Photoperiodinduced Testicular Regression and Recrudescence in Golden Hmsters

Exposure of adult male hamsters to short day-length (short photoperiod) causes atrophy of their reproductive systems. Hamsters were transferred from long to short photoperiod and, starting two months later, injected three times a week for three weeks with saline, 1.25, 5, or 20 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Treatment with 5 or 20 IU hCG resulted in significant increases in the weights of the testes and the seminal vesicles. In another group of animals, identical doses of hCG were injected starting at the time of transfer from long to short photoperiod. After 14 weeks of treatment, testicular weight was significantly greater in animals given 20 IU hCG than In animals injected with saline, although it approximated only 50% of testicular weight In adult males kept in long photoperiod. Since we have previously obtained very similar results using prolactin (PRL) producing ectopic pituitary homografts, it was of interest to examine the interaction of pituitary grafts and hCG. Male hamsters were transferred to a short photoperiod and treated with a transplant of one pituitary from an adult female hamster plus 5 IU hCG three times a week or with hCG alone. After 15 weeks, the weights of the testes and the seminal vesides were significantly greater In grafted hCG-treated hamsters than in those animals treated with hCG only. Testicular weight in animals given both grafts and hCG corresponded to approximately 75% of testicular weight in long photoperiod controls, while seminal vesicle weights in these two groups did not differ. To examine the role of endogenous PRL in long photoperiod-induced testicular recrudescence, hamsters which had been exposed to a short photoperiod for two months were returned to a long photoperiod and treated daily with bromocriptlne (Sandoz CB-154, an inhibitor of PRL release) or with vehicle. After three weeks, the weights of the testes and the seminal vesicles were significantly lower in bromocriptine-treated than in control hamsters, but after five and a half weeks these differences were no longer evident. We conclude that (1) suppression of the release of both PRL and gonadotropins is responsible for gonadal regression in short photoperiod, and (2) stimulation of PRL secretion contributes to recrudescence of the male reproductive system in long photoperiod.
Betulinic Acid Suppresses Carcinogen-Induced NF-κB Activation Through Inhibition of IκBα Kinase and p65 Phosphorylation: Abrogation of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloprotease-9

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the bark of the white birch tree, has been reported to be a selective inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. How BA mediates these effects is not known. Because of the critical role of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in growth modulatory, inflammatory, and immune responses, we postulated that BA modulates the activity of this factor. In this study we investigated the effect of BA on NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression activated by a variety of inflammatory and carcinogenic agents. BA suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF, PMA, cigarette smoke, okadaic acid, IL-1, and H(2)O(2). The suppression of NF-kappaB activation was not cell-type specific. BA suppressed the activation of IkappaBalpha kinase, thus abrogating the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. We found that BA inhibited NF-kappaB activated by TNFR 1, TNFR-associated death domain, TNFR-associated factor 2, NF-kappaB-inducing kinase, and IkappaBalpha kinase. Treatment of cells with this triterpinoid also suppressed NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression and the production of NF-kappaB-regulated gene products such as cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metaloproteinase-9 induced by inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, BA enhanced TNF-induced apoptosis. Overall, our results indicated that BA inhibits activation of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression induced by carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli. This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of BA to mediate apoptosis, suppress inflammation, and modulate the immune response.
The effect of time between x-irradiation and chemotherapy on the growth of three solid mouse tumors—II. cyclophosphamidet

Abstract Experiments have been carried out to determine the effect of different time intervals between the administration of X-radiation (1200 red) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) on the growth delay produced in 3 mouse tumors. The tumors used were the EMT6 tumor in BALB/c mice and the KHT and RIF-1 sarcomas in C3H mice. All tumors were grown intramuscularly in the gastrocnemius muscle and treatment was carried out at a mean tumor weight of 450 mg. Time to reach 2X (for KNIT) or 4X (for EMT6 and RIF-1) treatment volume was used as the endpoint of response. The drug was administered intraperitoneally either 24, 6, or 2 hr before radiation, immediately before the start of radiation, or 3, 6, or 24 hr after radiation. All irradiations were carried out in unanesthetized mice. For the RIF-1, EMT6, and KHT tumors, the growth delays due to the drug alone were 11, 4.5, and 12 days, respectively. In the RIF-1 system, the growth delays following combination treatment tended to be longer than predicted by the addition of the single agent delays. For the KHT tumor, the opposite trend was seen, whereas in EMT6, there was no significant trend in either direction. No consistent dependence upon the timing between irradiation and drug administration was seen from system to system.
Performance, Mood, and Health during Exposure to Intermittent Odors

The effects of intermittent bursts of pleasant, unpleasant, and no experimental odor on human task performance, mood, and perceived health were tested in this study. Odors did not influence any of these measures; however, subjects who had been exposed to the malodors reported retrospectively that they thought the odors had a negative effect on all of these factors. These findings have implications for the methodological design and interpretation of air quality studies.
Protective system from medical needle-sticks. Part I: Background and system development

Previous research on healthcare workers’ protection has concentrated on liquid barrier protection by providing impermeable personal articles such as latex gloves. This property is of high importance but since most blood-borne pathogen transmissions in the healthcare industry are caused by needle-stick injuries, protection from sharp invasive instruments should also be of high concern. And since latex and alike provide no protection against needle-stick injuries, new protective systems need to be developed and evaluated. This part of the study provides a review regarding the current practice of protection and the serious problems that arise from needle-stick injuries. Additionally, the development of new protective system is described. In part II of the study, evaluation of the new system will be provided.
Laser based system for reverse engineering

Abstract The reverse engineering process involves the use of 3D data to manufacture a part. A crucial element in the reverse engineering process is obtaining 3D data of the part or its CAD model. The paper describes a laser-based system for reverse engineering. The laser scanning system performs the crucial role of capturing the geometric details of the object. This data can then be processed by routines to accurately define the object. This definition can then be used to manufacture a replica of the part or scaled object. Also addressed in the paper are issues for integrating the laser scanner with other stages in the product development and manufacturing cycle. This paper is an outcome of ongoing research aimed at manufacturing heat resistant tiles for the space shuttle to fit cavities created due to damaged or lost tiles after each space mission.
A Fuzzy Model of Legal Reasoning for Concurrent Engineering

The role of Concurrent Engineering is expanding to recognize enterprise issues in the product realization process. This work continues that trend by advocating proactive consideration of legal liability for defective design in preliminary design. To accomplish this, a fuzzy logic model of legal reasoning is demonstrated. The model evaluates the potential liability of a manufacturer for not adopting a pro posed alternative design. As such, it functions as a heuristic-based progressive model within Prasad's [24] Concurrent Engineering para digm. This model is based on the use of interpretive charts by the designer to quantitatively assess six variables on a zero to ten scale as inputs to the model. This allows evaluation of legal concepts by the fuzzy model, and it permits determination of a quantitative measure of potential legal liability for defective design. The system demonstrated here is validated using 100 cases, with acceptable responses at the 99% level. Additionally, use of this system is illustra...
Resonant orbital evolution in the putative planetary system of PSR1257 + 12

PERIODIC variations in the arrival times of pulses from the millisecond pulsar PSR1257+12 are most straightforwardly interpreted as indicating the presence of two planet-like companions orbiting the pulsar1. Rasio et al.2have proposed that the planetary explanation is amenable to a simple test: the deduced parameters put the planets near an orbital resonance, in which case secular evolution of the orbits should be observable in a matter of years. Detection of such orbital evolution would yield the masses and orbital inclinations of the planets. Here we point out that if the masses of the two planets are more than ∼10 times greater than the minimum values (3.4 and 2.8 Earth masses) allowed by the observations, then their orbits will be in an exact 3:2 resonance. The character of the predicted orbital parameter perturbations is then markedly different from the periodic perturbations that result from only a near-resonance. The amplitude of the perturbations is much greater, and is very sensitive to the planet masses.
Demonstration of 10.9 nm table-top soft x-ray laser at 1 Hz repetition rate

We report a 10.9nm gain-saturated table-top soft x-ray laser operating at 1 Hz repetition rate. With average power of 1 microwatt and pulse energy up to ∼ 2 microjoules this laser extends the ability to conduct table-top laser experiments to a shorter wavelength.
A magmatic mush column rosetta stone: The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica

A long-running mystery of Earth science concerns the physical and dynamic connection between volcanism, plutonism, magma chambers, layered intrusions, and the production from mantle material of oceanic and continental crust. The basic chemical connection of fractionating melt from crystals and resorting crystals again and again is clear, but volcanologists and plutonists covet almost mutually exclusive, process-oriented sciences to explain the compositional sequences and textures found in stacks of lavas and expanses of plutons. Lavas present an extensive time series of quenched aliquots of magma without any clear measure of the evolutionary spatial context of sampling within the magmatic system. Plutons offer extensive spatial context without a clear physical connection to the greater active magmatic system and without a sequential capturing of time; critical original textural details are erased under long cooldown times. A deadly middle ground must be crossed to meld the timescales and textures captured by volcanism with the spatial scales and textural processes of plutonism into a conceptual representation of an integrated working magmatic system.
Negative Affect and Emotion Dysregulation Conditional Relations With Violence and Risky Sexual Behavior in a Sample of Justice-Involved Adolescents

Previous research has shown negative affect and emotion dysregulation to be significant predictors of adverse outcomes. Because justice-involved adolescents have demonstrated more negative emotiona...
A HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOIONIZATION STUDY OF 56Fe USING A VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET LASER

The photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectrum for 56 Fe formed by laser ablation has been measured using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser radiation in the energy range of 63000–74700 cm −1 , covering the threshold regions for the photoionization transitions of Fe + (3d 6 4s 6 D) ← Fe(3d 6 4s 25 D) and Fe + (3d 6 4s 4 D) ← Fe(3d 6 4s 25 D). The fact that no step-like structures in the PIE spectrum are observed at these ionization thresholds indicates that direct photoionization plays a very minor role in the photoionization of Fe in this VUV energy range. Comparing the VUVPIE and the VUV-absorption spectra of Fe shows that all prominent absorption bands of Fe correspond to strong autoionizing structures in the PIE spectrum of Fe. Due to the significantly narrower VUV laser optical bandwidth of 0.12 cm −1 used in the present study, complex autoionizing resonances are resolved in the PIE spectrum. Two autoionizing Rydberg series (3d 74 F7/2)np (n = 9–27) and (3d 74 F9/2)np (n = 10–32) formed by two-electron excitations from the (3d 6 4s 25 D4) ground state are identified to converge to the respective Fe + (3d 74 F7/2) and Fe + (3d 74 F9/2) ion levels. The photoionization cross sections and well resolved autoionizing Rydberg resonances observed in this study are relevant to astrophysics for understanding the Fe contribution to the VUV opacity in the solar atmosphere, and for benchmarking theoretical calculations under the Opacity Project and the IRON Project.
Argon matrix absorption spectra of ClO, BrO, and IO and emission spectra of IO

Absorption spectra of ClO, BrO, and IO and the emission spectrum of IO have been observed from argon matrix samples prepared by microwave discharging the reagent mixture before condensation. Vibronic progressions were observed for each system. The spectroscopic scopic constants Te, ω′e, ωex′e, ω″e, and ωex″e were evaluated from the absorption and emission data for comparison with gas-phase constants. Very good agreement is found for ClO. The argon matrix observations dictate a revision of the gas-phase vibronic assignments for BrO. The ground-state vibrational fundamental and Te for argon matrix isolated IO are similar to the gas-phase values, but a lower excited-state spacing is found in the matrix.
Pre-Schoolers' Feature Placement on Own and Others' Person Drawings.

Young children find meaning in the drawings they create that may not be apparent to an adult observer. The purpose of this study is to access the children’s views using a drawing change task. Seventy‐three pre‐schoolers were asked to draw a person and then draw a person with a belly button. It was anticipated that tadpole (no separate body) drawers would include a body to accommodate this new feature. Instead belly buttons were included without modifications to the figure suggesting that in the children’s view tadpole figures are not as deficient as they might appear. When placing a belly button on a figure drawn by someone else 40% of tadpole drawers responded differently compared to their own. Possible explanations considered are the effect of active involvement in creating a drawing, the respect for another’s drawing intention, and lack of awareness of differences due to working memory limitations.
Clinical presentation and disease course of inflammatory bowel disease differs by race in a large tertiary care hospital.

While the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among African-Americans (AAs) is increasing, there is limited understanding of phenotypic differences and outcomes by race. To describe disease characteristics of AA patients compared to Caucasian (Ca) patients in a tertiary care population. We performed a cross-sectional review of the IBD registry at the University of Chicago from January 2008 to January 2013. Data regarding race, phenotype, disease onset, disease duration, medical therapy, and surgical treatment were abstracted from the database, then compared via Pearson’s chi-square analysis, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, and logistic regression with a significance level of p < 0.05. A total of 1,235 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 541 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) included 108 AA CD patients and 28 AA UC patients. AA CD patients had an increased rate of IBD-related arthralgias (36.5 vs. 23.9 %, p < 0.01) and surgery (p < 0.01), less ileal involvement (57.8 vs. 71.0 %, p < 0.01), and no differences for other extraintestinal manifestations or disease locations compared to Ca CD patients. AA UC patients were older at diagnosis, had an increased rate of arthralgias (28.6 vs. 14.6 %, p = 0.047) and ankylosing spondylitis/sacroiliitis (7.1 vs. 1.6 %, p = 0.035), with no differences for disease extent or rate of IBD-related surgeries compared to Ca UC patients. There were no differences in medication usage by race for CD and UC patients. We identified significant differences in disease characteristics and extraintestinal manifestations between AA and Ca IBD patients in a large tertiary care population. These results have implications for future genotype-phenotype studies.
Movement Prediction in Wireless Networks Using Mobility Traces

Wireless user-mobility prediction has been investigated from various angles to improve network performance. Student populations in campuses, pedestrian and vehicular movement in urban areas, etc have been studied by cell phone and mobility management researchers to address issues in Quality of Service (QoS), seamless session handoffs, etc. Access to information such as user movement times, direction, speed, etc provides an opportunity for networks to efficiently manage resources to satisfy user needs. Towards this goal, we propose a generic framework to approach the problem of mobility prediction using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). This method can be used to modd hidden parameters in the models. We propose a way to extract user movement information from a real dataset, train a HMM using this data and make predictions using the HMM. This model can successfully predict long sequences of a mobile user's path from observed sequences and also uses successive sequences of observed data to train its learning parameters to enhance prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we show that this model is very generic and can be suited to make predictions using the same information from the perspective of the access point or the mobile node.
Damage‐Sensing mechanisms in human cells after ionizing radiation

Human cells have evolved several mechanisms for responding to damage created by ionizing radiation. Some of these responses involve the activation or suppression of the transcriptional machinery. Other responses involve the downregulation of enzymes, such as topoisomerase I, which appear to be necessary for DNA repair or apoptosis. Over the past five years, many studies have established links between DNA damage, activation of transcription factors that are coupled to DNA repair mechanisms, increased gene transcription and altered cell cycle regulation to allow for repair or cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. Together these factors determine whether a cell will survive with or without carcinogenic consequences. The immediate responses of human cells to ionizing radiation, in terms of sensing and responding to damage, are therefore, critical determinants of cell survival and carcinogenesis.
A guiding centre Vlasov equation and its application to Alfvén waves

Guiding center Vlasov equation derived dielectric tensor of collisionless plasma, obtaining dispersion relation of Alfven waves in warm plasma
The Impact of a Professional Development School on Preservice Teacher Preparation, Inservice Teachers' Professionalism, and Children's Achievement: Perceptions of Inservice Teachers

Abstract Much attention has been given to the topic of professional development schools; yet, there has been a scarcity of research which measures the effectiveness of these collaborative ventures. The purpose of this article was to present findings and conclusions from a survey administered to 35 inservice teachers in an elementary professional development school in Texas at the conclusion of the third and fourth years of implementation. The survey was designed to ascertain the perceptions of the teachers with respect to six categories of PDS effectiveness. Conclusions from findings were that the inservice teachers' attitudes toward the professional development school initiative were positive and their perceptions of its impact favorable, with a trend toward more positive attitudes from year three to year four.
PKC - A pivotal regulator of early development

Oocytes, eggs and blastomeres of the embryo are special cells that undergo rapid changes in structure and function at developmental transitions. These changes are frequently regulated by cytoplasmic signaling events, particularly at the developmental transition of fertilization, because the genome is largely inactivated at this time. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a signaling agent that acts after the sperm-induced rise in calcium and has a central role in the remodeling of the structure of the egg into the zygote in many species. PKC also acts during other developmental transitions. This kinase serves as a chronometer, which can choreograph the cell's remodeling events in both space and time. Several technical advancements discussed in this review have permitted a better understanding of the actions of PKC.
Performance on the Marlowe-Crowne Scale and its perceived purpose.

Summary Performance on the Marlowe-Crowne Scale was compared for Ss who saw the test as a measure of honesty, self-awareness or social desirability (Honesty group) as compared to those who saw it as a measure of some other attribute (Other group). Using two measures to assess test perception, Ss in the Other group were found, as predicted, to have higher Marlowe-Crowne scores than those in the Honesty group.
New Rig to Test Journal Oil Lubricated Wave Bearings

A new rig to test journal fluid film bearings was designed, manufacture and installed at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. This rig can apply total radial loads to 133,000 N (30,000 lbs) and can rotate the shaft to speeds to 13,000 RPM. The test bearing has a diameter of 68 mm and is 38 mm long. Two such bearings are used to support the total load. The shaft is also supported by two fluid film bearings. The rig is well instrumented for measuring oil flow, oil inlet and outlet temperatures, bearing sleeve temperatures along its circumference and the oil temperatures in oil supply pockets. The shaft position is monitored by proximity probes. Vibration levels at four locations are also displayed and recorded. Preliminary tests of wave bearings at 8,000 RPM and loads to 20,000 N (4,500 lbs) show a good correlation between the test and prediction data.
Expression of the major heat shock gene of Drosophila melanogaster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A copy of the gene which encodes the major heat shock protein (hsp70) of y D. melanogaster was integrated in both orientations into the genome of S. cerevisiae at the Ieu2 locus. The level of transcript from the D. melanogaster gene was measured under i- both normal conditions and conditions which are known to give rise to the heat shock g response in S. cerevisiae. In both orientations the D. melanogaster gene gave rise to an ' abundant transcript in uninduced cells. The level of this transcript was increased transiently on heat shock, peaking after about 30 min at the elevated temperature. The •* average induction observed was around 5-fold. Although the D. melanogaster gene is heat inducible in S. cerevisiae, the transcripts are initiated at several sites which lie between 10 and 40 base pairs downstream of the initiation site in D. melanogaster. Thus, the transcriptional apparatus of S. cerevisiae appears to recognize the promoter and regulatory elements of the D. melanogaster major heat shock gene, although the manner in which -\ transcription is initiated differs between the two species. J INTRODUCTION
Preferences for care near the end of life: scale development and validation.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument, the Preferences for Care near the End of Life (PCEOL) scale. Following a literature review and using the domain-referenced approach and a test grid, a large pool of items was generated to reflect five dimensions of preferences for care near the end of life. These were reviewed for relevance and clarity by an expert panel. A convenience sample of 198 adults was secured to provide data for the study of the psychometric properties of the scale. Data screening and item analysis resulted in a final sample of 43 items. A principal factor analysis (PFA) resulted in an interpretable, meaningful five-factor solution. Reliability estimates (internal consistency) for the factors on the multidimensional instrument ranged from.68 to.91. Retest stability estimates for the PCEOL showed correlations of.80 to.94 for factor scores over a 2-week interval.
The Stanford/Msfc Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array

The development of multilayer optics has profound implications for soft x-ray/EUV (XUV) astronomy. During the October 1987 flight of the Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Spectroheliograph, narrow wavelength band low scatter soft x-ray/EUV spectroheliograms were obtained with 1 arc second spatial resolution at λ~ 173 A (Fe IX, Fe X) and at X, 256 A (He II). Although the Cassegrain telescopes used in this experiment were small (63.5 mm diameter) and utilized spherical rather than paraboloidal/hyperboloidal mirrors, the images produced exceed in quality any XUV spectroheliograms previously obtained with either normal or grazing incidence techniques. We describe a new rocket spectroheliograph instrument, the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA), that is currently being prepared for launch in September 1989. This instrument will utilize true Ritchey-Chretien optics of 127 mm diameter and parabolic Herschelian optics of 40 mm diameter, which will allow spectroheliograms to be obtained over the soft x-ray/EUV/VUV spectral range (40 A - 1550 A). The performance of this new instrument should definitely demonstrate the unique combination of ultra-high spatial resolution and spectral differentiation which multilayer optics afford for astronomical observations. The MSSTA will also represent the first astronomical use of an important new optical device, the multilayer grating. The MSSTA should obtain unprecedented information regarding the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere in the temperature range 104 K to 107 K.