cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides in River Waters and the Identification of Their Degradation Products by Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

The degradation of selected organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), i.e., malathion and parathion, in river water, has been studied with solar simulator irradiation. The degradation of OPs and formation of degradation products were determined by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. The effect of a photosensitizer, i.e., riboflavin, on the photolysis of OPs in a river-water environment was examined. There was no significant increase in the degradation rate in the presence of the photosensitizer. Degradation products of the OPs were identified with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization by pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBB) and with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with electrospray (ESI) or atomospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Malaoxon, paraoxon, 4-nitrophenol, aminoparathion, O,O-dimethylthiophosphoric acid, and O,O-dimethyldithiophosphoric acid, have been separated and identified as the degradation products of malathion and parathion after photolysis in river water. Based on the identified transformation products, a rational degradation pathway in river water for both OPs is proposed. The identities of these products can be used to evaluate the toxic effects of the OPs and their transformation products on natural environments.
Vascular Flora of a Southern Appalachian Fen and Floodplain Complex

A survey of vascular flora was completed at wetland sites in the Tulula Creek floodplain in Graham County, North Carolina as part of a comprehensive ecological study. The vegetation survey was conducted in forested and unforested fen and floodplain wetlands in 1994 and 2001, and in a forested floodplain wetland in 2001 in order to document plant species occurring in these rare mountain habitats. A total of 107 taxa representing 52 families were identified. More than 66% of the taxa also have been reported in other nonalluvial wetlands in the region; about 31% of the taxa identified in the Tulula Creek wetland complex have been reported in non-alluvial wetlands in West Virginia and about 12% have been reported in the nonalluvial wetlands of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. This paper documented the vascular plant communities within this rare wetland complex before intensive stream restoration began in 2001.
Immunology of bone marrow transplantation.

The role of the recognition factor of an antibody-producing cell and its relative sensitivity to x rays has a great implication, not only to radiation immunology but to general biology. Obviously, much work is still required to elucidate this problem. From an immunologist's point of view, one of the most fascinating phenomena of the bone marrow transplantation studies is the delayed foreign bone marrow reaction. The task of circumventing or subduing the reaction is a formable one, considering the large number of immunochemically distinct antigens existing in a given bone marrow suspension. Preliminary studies seem to indicate that the nuclear membrane or the nuclear material, or both, are mainly responsible for the delayed foreign bone marrow reaction. Should the nuclear material be found to be the chief agent involved in this delayed reaction, the problem then becomes ever more challenging since the antigenic material is chemically impure and its solubility in aqueous medium is limited.
Spoken language recognition and understanding

The goal of this research is to demonstrate spoken language systems in support of interactive problem solving. The system accepts continuous speech input and handles multiple speakers without explicit speaker enrollment. The MIT spoken language system combines SUMMIT, a segment-based speech recognition system, and TINA, a probabilistic natural language system, to achieve speech understanding. The system engages in interactive dialogue with the user, providing output in the form of tabular displays, as well as spoken and written output. The system has been demonstrated on several applications, including travel planning and direction assistance.
Effect of Supplemental Irrigation and Graded Levels of Nitrogen on Cotton Yield and Quality

Effects of supplemental irrigation and graded levels of nitrogen (N) on cotton yield and fiber quality were investigated in the Mississippi Delta in 2011 and 2012. Cotton was planted in 48 experimental plots with irrigation as main treatment unit and N application rate (0, 39, 67, 101, 135, and 168 kg ha -1 ) as subunit. Supplemental irrigation was conducted based on soil-water sensor measurements. Cotton yield was determined using a boll buggy equipped with load cells. Cotton samples were collected and ginned, and the fiber quality was evaluated. Statistical analyses on the effects of irrigation and leaf N on the yield and fiber quality indicated that compared with non-irrigated cotton, the irrigated cotton increased seed cotton yield by 14%. Leaf N content varied in a range of 3.27% to 5.86% with an average of 4.34%. Leaf N of irrigated plants was 9.0% and 3.6% higher than that of the non-irrigated plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Soil water stress had a negative effect on N uptake of cotton plants. Yield showed a positive linear correlation with leaf N content in both irrigated and non-irrigated plots. Irrigation improved fiber quality, including all fiber length parameters. Upper half mean length (UHML) of cotton fiber in irrigated treatment was 2.7% and 1.8% greater than that in the non-irrigated treatment in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Micronaire decreased, and neps and yellowness increased with the increase of leaf N under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Excessive application of N would not be beneficial to fiber quality and could possibly create negative impact on some properties of cotton fibers.
The potential influence of plant polyphenols on the aging process

Cellular senescence is characterized by cellular hypertrophy: cell growth in the absence of cell division. The genes that regulate this process can be activated or inactivated by numerous plant polyphenols such as resveratrol, quercetin, butein, fistein, piceatannol, curcumin. Many of these substances have been shown to lengthen the lifespan of invertebrates. Many of these compounds have other potential beneficial effects on lifespan as antiatherogenic or antineoplastic agents. Challenges to human testing of such substances on lifespan include determination of dosage, low bioavailability, time and resources necessary to conduct tests, and understanding which formulation of substances to use.
Analytical and experimental issues in Ni-Mn-Ga transducers

Ferromagnetic shape memory martensites in the Ni-Mn-Ga system have been demonstrated to achieve a number of the criteria required for next generation actuators including the production of large theoretical strains up to 6%. The large strain originates in the rotation of twin variants and associated twin boundary motion which occurs in response to magnetic fields. The magnetic activation holds promise in actuator design because it can lead to higher bandwidths than those achieved through pure martensite-austenite phase transformation, as is the case with thermally-activated shape memory alloys. In this paper, we report on experimental measurements collected from a cylindrical Ni 49.0 Mn 30.0 Ga 21.0 sample alloy, driven as cast by a collinear magnetic field-stress pair. Despite the lack of a known restoring force and the fact that no "training" procedures are applied, quasi-static strains as large as 4300 micro-strain are shown. Furthermore, dynamic results in the DC-20kHz range are presented which would suggest the presence of a Delta-E effect similar to that seen in Terfenol-D but exhibiting an opposite dependence of stiffness with DC field. The potential implications of the results for the design and control of dynamic structures based on Ni-Mn-Ga are very significant.
Proteolytic processing of a human astrovirus nonstructural protein

To analyse the activity of the putative 3C-like serine protease encoded in open reading frame (ORF)-1a of human astrovirus serotype 1 (HAstV-1), ORF-1a was transcribed and translated in vitro. Translation products, identified by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies against recombinant C-terminal ORF-1a fragments, include the full-length 101 kDa (p101) protein and a 38 kDa band (p38). In addition, a 64 kDa protein (p64) was immunoprecipitated by an anti-FLAG antibody when a FLAG epitope was inserted at the N terminus of the ORF-1a product. Mutation of the amino acids predicted to form the catalytic triad of the HAstV-1 3C-like serine protease (Ser-551, Asp-489, His-461) resulted in undetectable levels of p38, supporting the involvement of the HAstV-1 3C-like serine protease and the importance of these amino acids in the processing of p101 into p38 and p64. N-terminal deletions of up to 420 aa of p101 that did not involve the predicted 3C-like serine protease motif did not alter levels of p38 compared to wild-type. C-terminal deletion analysis localized p38 to the C terminus of ORF-1a. Mutation of the P1 residue of the predicted cleavage site, which is conserved among known human and sheep astrovirus sequences, resulted in no detectable p38, supporting cleavage at the Gln-567↓Thr-568 dipeptide. These results suggest that p101 is cleaved into an N-terminal p64 fragment and a C-terminal p38 product at Gln-567↓Thr-568 in a process that is dependent on the viral 3C-like serine protease.
Development of a Google-Based Search Engine for Data Mining Radiology Reports

The aim of this study is to develop a secure, Google-based data-mining tool for radiology reports using free and open source technologies and to explore its use within an academic radiology department. A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant data repository, search engine and user interface were created to facilitate treatment, operations, and reviews preparatory to research. The Institutional Review Board waived review of the project, and informed consent was not required. Comprising 7.9 GB of disk space, 2.9 million text reports were downloaded from our radiology information system to a fileserver. Extensible markup language (XML) representations of the reports were indexed using Google Desktop Enterprise search engine software. A hypertext markup language (HTML) form allowed users to submit queries to Google Desktop, and Google’s XML response was interpreted by a practical extraction and report language (PERL) script, presenting ranked results in a web browser window. The query, reason for search, results, and documents visited were logged to maintain HIPAA compliance. Indexing averaged approximately 25,000 reports per hour. Keyword search of a common term like “pneumothorax” yielded the first ten most relevant results of 705,550 total results in 1.36 s. Keyword search of a rare term like “hemangioendothelioma” yielded the first ten most relevant results of 167 total results in 0.23 s; retrieval of all 167 results took 0.26 s. Data mining tools for radiology reports will improve the productivity of academic radiologists in clinical, educational, research, and administrative tasks. By leveraging existing knowledge of Google’s interface, radiologists can quickly perform useful searches.
ON SYMMETRIC RADICALS OVER FULLY SEMIPRIMARY NOETHERIAN RINGS

Symmetric radicals over a fully semiprimary Noetherian ring R are characterized in terms of stability on bimodules and link closure of special classes of prime ideals. The notion of subdirect irreduciblity with respect to a torsion radical is introduced and is shown to be invariant under internal bonds between prime ideals. An analog of the Jacobson radical is produced which is properly larger than the Jacobson radical, yet satisfies the conclusion of Jacobson's conjecture for right fully semiprimary Noetherian rings.
Model of the Negative DC Corona Plasma: Comparison to the Positive DC Corona Plasma

A numerical model of the negative DC corona plasma along a thin wire in dry air is presented. The electron number density and electric field are determined from solution of the one-dimensional coupled continuity equations of charge carriers and Maxwell's equation. The electron kinetic energy distribution is determined from the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation. A parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of linear current density (0.1–100 μA per cm of wire length), wire radius (10–1000 μm), and air temperature (293–800 K) on the distribution of electrons and the Townsend second ionization coefficient. The results are compared to those previously determined for the positive corona discharge. In the negative corona, energetic electrons are present beyond the ionization boundary and the number of electrons is an order of magnitude greater than in the positive corona. The number of electrons increases with increasing gas temperature. The electron energy distribution does not depend on discharge polarity.
Discordance in routine second opinion pathology review of head and neck oncology specimens: A single-center five year retrospective review.

Summary Objectives Second opinion review of pathology specimens is a common institutional practice, supported by large retrospective studies demonstrating significant histologic discordance. Since the most recent study of head and neck-specific pathology review was conducted, routine HPV and EBV testing is now recommended for certain specimens. We describe the frequency of and reasons for discordant reports and their potential impact on treatment recommendations and prognosis in a five-year retrospective cohort study at a single academic referral institution from 2005 to 2010. Materials and methods Following institutional review board review, 1003 cases referred to the Head and Neck Oncology Service were identified using a retrospective database search. Discordance between outside and second review pathology report was assessed by a board-certified medical oncologist. Results 667 cases were included, of which 22% were discordant. Discordance was associated with adenocarcinomas (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.31; p Conclusions Routine second opinion pathology review may lead to clinically significant differences in treatment recommendations and prognosis.
Choline: Properties and Determination

Choline is an essential nutrient that is required for normal cell function, with involvement in numerous cellular processes. Choline can be produced via de novo biosynthesis but must be complemented with dietary intake to support optimum health. Foods highest in total choline content include egg yolks, liver (from beef, veal, chicken, and turkey), and wheat germ. In order to properly assign levels of choline in foods to establish intakes and in body fluids to evaluate health status, appropriate analytical methods that are both accurate and precise should be used. Classical and current methodologies are discussed.
Occupational Stress: Considering the Complex Interplay of Sex, Gender, and Job Roles

Abstract Findings regarding the relationship between biological sex and job stress remain inconsistent. In the present chapter, we suggest that this is due to the overly simplistic and synonymous treatment of biological sex and gender. Specifically, researchers have operationalized gender as sex, neglecting the inherent complexity of the gender construct. To address this, we take a more nuanced approach and develop a theory around the effects of biological sex and gender on job stress, considering how sex, gender, sex-based prescribed gender roles and work roles interact to create role conflict. We predict that a lack of congruence between any of the aforementioned variables results in various types of role conflict, leading to stress, and requiring coping. Drawing on the literature on role conflict, emotional labor, and facades of conformity, we introduce the concept of gender facades as a coping mechanism. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The effect of indium depletion on the composition of OMVPE grown GaInAs

This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of indium depletion during the OMVPE growth of GaInAs. A mathematical model for mass, momentum and energy transfer, together with decomposition of the indium species was developed. The model was compared with experimental results over a range of growth parameters that included susceptor temperature, slope, reactor pressure and reactant partial pressures. Excellent agreement was obtained for a model based on the homogeneous decomposition of a triethylindium-arsine adduct to a stable product via an irreversible bimolecular reaction, with an activation energy of 11.9 kcal/gmol. The model may be used for optimization of compositional uniformity and growth over a wide range of reactor conditions.
Hakomi mindfulness-centered somatic psychotherapy: a comprehensive guide to theory and practice

The new Hakomi book, Hakomi Mindfulness-Centered Somatic Psychotherapy: A Comprehensive Guide to Theory and Practice, breaks new ground in the field of body psychotherapy (BP), and deserves a close...
The eruptibility of magmas at Tharsis and Syrtis Major on Mars

Author(s): Black, BA; Manga, M | Abstract: Magnetic and geologic data indicate that the ratio of intrusive to extrusive magmatism (the I/E ratio) is higher in the Tharsis and Syrtis Major volcanic provinces on Mars relative to most volcanic centers on Earth. The fraction of magmas that erupt helps to determine the effects of magmatism on crustal structure and the flux of magmatic gases to the atmosphere and also influences estimates of melt production inferred from the history of surface volcanism. We consider several possible controls on the prevalence of intrusive magmatism at Tharsis and Syrtis Major, including melt production rates, lithospheric properties, regional stresses and strain rates, and magmatic volatile budgets. The Curie temperature is the minimum crustal temperature required for thermal demagnetization, implying that if the primary magnetic mineral is magnetite or hematite, the crust was warm during the intrusive magmatism reflected in Tharsis and Syrtis Major I/E ratios. When wall rocks are warm, thermally activated creep relaxes stresses from magma replenishment and regional tectonics, and eruptibility depends on buoyancy overpressure. We develop a new one-dimensional model for the development of buoyancy in a viscous regime that accounts for cooling, crystallization, volatile exsolution, bubble coalescence and rise, fluid egress, and compaction of country rock. Under these conditions, we find that initial water and CO2 contents typically l1.5 wt % can explain the observed range of intrusive/extrusive ratios. Our results support the hypothesis that warm crust and a relatively sparse volatile budget encouraged the development of large intrusive complexes beneath Tharsis and Syrtis Major.
Optical imaging of functional connectivity at the bedside

High-density imaging arrays have improved the image quality of diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) methods for mapping brain functions. Development of resting state measures of functional connectivity provides a brain assay logistically compatible with bedside imaging in the clinic. In this paper we review these advances and demonstrate the sensitivity of HD-DOT to acute ischemic stroke.
Digital liaisons virtual uncommons: creating knowledge, enhancing lives via digital libraries

Digital libraries are uniquely poised as environments for knowledge creation and life enhancement. Researchers are able to develop and utilize the virtual environment in compelling ways, including global engagement with people who are new to practicing information science. Virtual sessions and unconferences are two innovative ways to connect established practitioners with less experienced students and professionals in supportive, collaborative environments. By combining these two formats, we propose hosting a virtual uncommons that transcends geographical locations. The Digital Liaisons Virtual Uncommons (DLVU) will feature leaders in digital libraries who will act in a mentoring capacity by responding to questions posed by new information professionals. In the DLVU, innovative students and early career professionals will be able to connect with mentors in the field of digital librarianship. The virtual uncommons will be a space for informal mentoring and serendipitous networking. This session will feature a Twitter chat under the hashtag #SIGDLchats (OR #DL4Good) for LIS students and newly practicing professionals to connect with mentors in the field with a focus on the changing nature of modern librarianship. Mentors will be sought out beforehand and the session will be widely publicized to international LIS, IS, Archival, etc. I-*, programs.
Particle and Gas Emission Characterization from Oil and Oil-Dispersant Contaminated Sea Waters due to Breaking Waves

Crude oil spill incidents occur frequently, leaving seawater bodies with a verity of occupational, ecological and environmental issues from the local to global scale. Application of sub-surface dis...
Towards Debate Automation: a Recurrent Model for Predicting Debate Winners

In this paper we introduce a practical first step towards the creation of an automated debate agent: a state-of-the-art recurrent predictive model for predicting debate winners. By having an accurate predictive model, we are able to objectively rate the quality of a statement made at a specific turn in a debate. The model is based on a recurrent neural network architecture with attention, which allows the model to effectively account for the entire debate when making its prediction. Our model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on a dataset of debate transcripts annotated with audience favorability of the debate teams. Finally, we discuss how future work can leverage our proposed model for the creation of an automated debate agent. We accomplish this by determining the model input that will maximize audience favorability toward a given side of a debate at an arbitrary turn.
Chemotherapy‐induced eccrine squamous syringometaplasia in an infant

There are few reports of chemotherapy-induced eccrine squamous syringometaplasia in children. We report the first case of an infant developing this condition after treatment with busulfan, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. Twenty-eight days after transplantation, the infant developed faintly erythematous papules and plaques on the bilateral axillae, inguinal folds, and sites of adhesives. Punch biopsy revealed eccrine glands with dyskeratotic cells and focal squamous metaplasia consistent with chemotherapy-induced eccrine squamous syringometaplasia.
Carroll’s Infinite Regress and the Act of Diagramming

The infinite regress of Carroll’s ‘What the Tortoise said to Achilles’ is interpreted as a problem in the epistemology of mathematical proof. An approach to the problem that is both diagrammatic and non-logical is presented with respect to a specific inference of elementary geometry.
The dynamic welfare state

This book provides a comprehensive and articulate analysis of the profound transformation in the character, reach, and function of the welfare state from its origins in the twentieth century to the...
Spin-Dependent Forces and Current Quark Masses

The J = (3/2) Δ, J = 1/2 Nucleon mass difference shows the quark energies can be spin dependent. It is natural to expect that the quark wave functions also depend on spin. A spin-dependent quark force is fitted to the proton and neutron magnetic moments, axial charge, and spin content using a (1/2+)3 configuration for the quarks and assuming only zero mass u and d quarks are in the nucleon. In the octet, such spin-dependent forces lead to different wave functions for quarks with spin parallel or antiparallel to the nucleon spin. The eigen-energy of this potential is 0.15 GeV higher for quark spin parallel than for the quark spin antiparallel to the proton spin. This potential predicts a single quark energy of 0.37 GeV for mass-less quarks in the Delta. Assuming the quark forces are flavor independent, this potential predicts magnetic moments of a bound strange quark to be very close to those determined empirically from the octet magnetic moments.
Linear Systems and Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes

Most physical systems are conveniently modeled by a linear system. These include electrical circuits, mechanical machines, human biological functions, and chemical reactions, just to name a few. When the system is capable of responding to a continuous-time input, its effect can be described using a linear differential equation. For a system that responds to a discrete-time input a linear difference equation can be used to characterize the effect of the system. Furthermore, for systems whose characteristics do not change with time, the coefficients of the differential or difference equation are constants. Such a system is termed a linear time invariant (LTI) system for continuous-time inputs/outputs and a linear shift invariant (LSI) system for discrete-time inputs/outputs. In this chapter we explore the effect of these systems on wide sense stationary (WSS) random process inputs. The reader who is unfamiliar with the basic concepts of linear systems should first read Appendix D for a brief introduction. Many excellent books are available to supplement this material [Jackson 1991, Oppenheim, Willsky, and Nawab 1997, Poularikas and Seely 1985]. We will now consider only discrete-time systems and discrete-time WSS random processes. A summary of the analogous concepts for the continuous-time case is given in Section 18.6.
Nanoscale Phononic Crystals and Structures

The objective of this chapter is to explore advances in the development of phononic crystals and phononic structures at the nanoscale. The downscaling of phononic structures to nanometric dimensions requires an atomic treatment of the constitutive materials. At the nanoscale, the propagation of phonons may not be completely ballistic (wave-like) and nonlinear phenomena such as phonon–phonon scattering occur. We apply second-order perturbation theory to a one-dimensional anharmonic crystal to shed light on phonon self-interaction and three-phonon scattering processes. We emphasize the competition between dispersion effects induced by the structure, anharmonicity of the atomic bonds, and boundary scattering. These phenomena are illustrated by several examples of atomistic models of nanoscale phononic structures simulated using the method of molecular dynamics (MD). Special attention is also paid to size effects.
Prognostic Role of Lymph Node Positivity and Number of Lymph Nodes Needed for Accurately Staging Small-Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Importance Little information is available regarding the minimum number of lymph nodes needed to accurately stage patients when performing a mesenteric lymphadenectomy for small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors. Objectives To determine the prognostic role of lymph node positivity and the ideal number of lymph nodes for accurately staging patients with small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series from the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group, a collaboration among 8 US-based, academic tertiary care referral centers, obtained demographic, perioperative, and pathologic data from the group’s database, Social Security Death Index, and publicly available obituaries. All patients in these institutions with small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors who underwent curative-intent surgical resection of a primary tumor between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, were included (n = 199). Patients with duodenal or ampullary tumors, other nonneuroendocrine concurrent malignant neoplasms, mortality of fewer than 30 days after the surgical procedure, and distant metastatic disease were excluded. Data analysis was conducted from September 1, 2017, to December 1, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary study outcome was recurrence-free survival. Hypothesis was generated after data collection and data entry into the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group database. Results Of the 199 patients included, 112 (56.3%) were male and 87 (43.7%) female with a mean (SD) age of 60.3 (12.5) years and a mean (SD) body mass index of 29.5 (6.0). One hundred fifty-four patients (77.4%) had lymph node–positive disease. No difference in 3-year recurrence-free survival was found between patients with lymph node–positive and lymph node–negative disease. Patients with 4 positive lymph nodes had a worse 3-year recurrence-free survival compared with those with 1 to 3 or 0 positive lymph nodes (81.6% vs 91.4% vs 92.1%;P = .01). When examining patients with fewer than 8 resected lymph nodes, no difference in 3-year recurrence-free survival was observed among patients with 4 or more, 1 to 3, or 0 positive lymph nodes (100% vs 93.8% vs 91.7%;P = .87). Retrieval of 8 or more lymph nodes, however, accurately discriminated patients with 4 or more, 1 to 3, or 0 positive lymph nodes (3-year recurrence-free survival: 79.9% vs 89.6% vs 92.9%;P = .05). Conclusions and Relevance The findings from this study suggest that, for patients undergoing curative-intent resection of small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors, accurate lymph node staging requires a minimum of 8 lymph nodes for examination, and 4 or more positive lymph nodes are associated with decreased 3-year recurrence-free survival compared with 1 to 3 or 0 positive lymph nodes; a thorough regional lymphadenectomy may be critical for accurate staging and management of this disease.
Nutrient supply controls particulate elemental concentrations and ratios in the low latitude eastern Indian Ocean

Variation in ocean C:N:P of particulate organic matter (POM) has led to competing hypotheses for the underlying drivers. Each hypothesis predicts C:N:P equally well due to regional co-variance in environmental conditions and biodiversity. The Indian Ocean offers a unique positive temperature and nutrient supply relationship to test these hypotheses. Here we show how elemental concentrations and ratios vary over daily and regional scales. POM concentrations were lowest in the southern gyre, elevated across the equator, and peaked in the Bay of Bengal. Elemental ratios were highest in the gyre, but approached Redfield proportions northwards. As Prochlorococcus dominated the phytoplankton community, biodiversity changes could not explain the elemental variation. Instead, our data supports the nutrient supply hypothesis. Finally, gyre dissolved iron concentrations suggest extensive iron stress, leading to depressed ratios compared to other gyres. We propose a model whereby differences in iron supply and N2-fixation influence C:N:P levels across ocean gyres.
A Comprehensive Approach to Community Recruitment for Clinical and Translational Research.

Introduction Recruitment and engagement for clinical and translational research is challenging, especially among medically underserved and ethnic or racial minority populations. Methods We present a comprehensive model developed through the Clinical and Translational Science Center at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center that addresses three critical aspects of participant recruitment. Results The components of the model are: 1) Recruitment from within UNM to UNM-centered studies, 2) recruitment from within UNM to community-based studies, and 3) recruitment from outside UNM to UNM-centered studies. Conclusions This model has increased research participant recruitment, especially among medically underserved populations, and offers generalizable translational solutions to common clinical and translational research challenges, especially in settings with similar demographic and geographic characteristics.
Institutional Factors Contribute to Variation in Intubation Rates in Status Epilepticus.

Background:To explore intubation rates among patients with status epilepticus (SE) and the degree of institutional variation.Methods:Serial cross-sectional study of SE-related hospitalizations from...
Influence of the Maxillary Sinus on the Accuracy of the Root ZX Apex Locator: An Ex Vivo Study.

This study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locator in determining the working length when palatal maxillary molar roots are in a relationship with the sinus. Seventeen human maxillary molars with vital pulp were scheduled for an extraction and implant placement as part of a periodontal treatment plan. The access cavity was prepared, and a #10 K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was inserted into the palatal root using the Root ZX apex locator in order to determine the electronic working length (EWL); then, the teeth were extracted. To determine the real working length (RWL), a #10 K file was introduced into the root canal until its tip touched a glass plate. EWL and RWL were compared. Images reconstructed with CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography) revealed that eight palatal roots were related to the maxillary sinus, whereas nine were not. The results showed a significant difference between the EWL and the RWL of the palatal roots related to the sinus (p 0.05). Within the study limitations, the reliability of Root ZX was influenced by the relationship of the roots with the maxillary sinus.
A Longitudinal Study of Mathematics and Science Motivation Patterns for STEM-Intending High Schoolers in the US

This research explored various motivational factors that influence US high school students’ intentions regarding careers in STEM. Data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 surveyed 24,000 students in 9th and 11th grades. Respondents showed four categories of intentions: (1) Not STEM Intending, those who did not select a STEM field as an intended occupation in either the 2009 or 2011 administrations; (2) Leavers, students who selected a STEM occupation in 2009 but not in 2011, (3) Newcomers, those who did not originally specify a STEM career in 2009, but who did in 2011; and (4) Stayers, those who chose STEM careers in both 2009 and 2011. Results show that occupational intentions change dramatically between 9th and 11th grades, and that the relationship between STEM intention and motivation is highly time-sensitive: Of the STEM intending students in 2009 (29% of the total sample), only 48% remained STEM intending in 2011.
Hierarchical multiple-model Bayesian approach to transmural electrophysiological imaging.

Noninvasive electrophysiological (EP) imaging of the heart aims to mathematically reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of cardiac current sources from body-surface electrocardiographic (ECG) data. This ill-posed problem is often regularized by a fixed constraining model. However, this approach enforces the source distribution to follow a pre-assumed spatial structure that does not always match the varying spatiotemporal distribution of current sources. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian approach to transmural EP imaging that employs a continuous combination of multiple models, each reflecting a specific spatial property for current sources. Multiple models are incorporated as an Lp-norm prior for current sources, where p is an unknown hyperparameter with a prior probabilistic distribution. The current source estimation is obtained as an optimally weighted combination of solutions across all models, the weight being determined from the posterior distribution of p inferred from ECG data. The accuracy of our approach is assessed in a set of synthetic and real-data experiments on human heart-torso models. While the use of fixed models (L1- and L2-norm) only properly recovers sources with specific structures, our method delivers consistent performance in reconstructing sources with various extents and structures.
Exposure to Lead (Pb2+) Eliminates Avoidance of Pb-Treated Oviposition Substrates in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Female Vinegar Flies

Female vinegar flies (Drosophila melanogaster) preferentially oviposit eggs on oviposition substrates that decrease larval foraging costs. We tested whether female D. melanogaster would avoid oviposition substrates containing lead (Pb2+), which could potentially decrease offspring fitness. Wild type D. melanogaster were reared on control or Pb-treated medium from egg stage to adulthood and tested for differences in oviposition substrate preference, fecundity (number of eggs laid) and Pb accumulation. Control females laid a significantly lower proportion of eggs on Pb-treated substrates than Pb-treated females. Pb-treated females laid significantly more eggs than control females. Pb-treated adults accumulated significantly more Pb than control-treated adults. These results indicate that Pb exposure disrupts normal oviposition avoidance behaviors, which could increase larval foraging costs for larval offspring. These factors could induce population declines and have cascading implications for the ecosystem.
Chapter 1 – Anatomy and physiology of the liver

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the anatomy and physiology of the liver. The liver is a highly organized tissue with five different types of highly specialized and interacting cells. These are arranged in intimate contact with a complex but ordered system of channels carrying blood and bile. The liver lies in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen attached to the lower surface of the diaphragm. It accounts for one-twentieth of the body weight of the neonate and one-fiftieth of that of the adult. It receives 25–30% of the cardiac output. The structural organization of the liver and its vascular elements is designed to allow it to occupy a central place in metabolism while interposed as a guardian between the digestive tract and the rest of the body. An essential function of the liver is to maintain the concentration of macromolecules and solutes in hepatic vein blood and in bile within a very narrow concentration range irrespective of dietary intake or the metabolic demands of other organs. The liver is a continuous, uniform organ adopting a shape enforced on it by body cavities, other intraperitoneal structures, and vascular forces—the positive pressure from the portal vein and the hepatic artery and the often negative pressure in the hepatic veins. The conventional division into right and left lobes does not coincide with the intrahepatic branching of vessels and ducts.
From stigma to acceptance: Intellectual and developmental disabilities in Central China:

Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities have historically been at high risk for social exclusion and other vulnerabilities. The Western world has shifted away from institutionally-based services and toward community-based services that allow for greater social inclusion as well as for meeting individual developmental needs, and China is beginning the process of exploring how to make this shift. In 2014 and 2015, a situation analysis examining the lived experiences of parents of children with disabilities in Zhengzhou, Henan, China, was undertaken. Perceptions of strengths, needs, opportunities, and barriers experienced by parents of children in intact families (i.e. families where children with disabilities remain in their birth families) were explored by means of parent interviews and focus groups. Families identify experiences of stigma and acceptance related to traditional and alternative social constructions of intellectual and developmental disabilities, and how they use social networks and information-sharing to help develop community-based services.
A reexamination of the organizational slack and innovation relationship.

Abstract In this study a configurational approach was used to examine the organizational slack and innovation relationship. Utilizing a sample of 437 manufacturing firms and multiple measures of firm innovation we identified distinct configurations of slack and found significant innovation differences between them. The results from our analyses demonstrate that configurations with moderately high combined levels of internal slack (available and recoverable slack) and moderately high levels of potential slack produced higher levels of innovation. Conversely, configurations with low to moderately low levels of each type of slack produced the lowest levels of innovation. Our findings also indicate that alternative configurations of slack can result in similar levels of innovation suggesting the existence of equifinality in this relationship. Overall, our findings suggest that the slack and innovation relationship is more complex than has been accounted for in previous research. The implications of these findings are discussed.
N8-Acetylspermidine: A Polyamine Biomarker in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) have worse outcomes than those with coronary artery disease alone and those with non‐ICM. N8‐acetylspermidine (N8AS) is a polyamine that regul...
The experience of first-year hematology and oncology fellows after implementing a wellness chief fellow at an academic cancer center.

11017Background: Hematology & Oncology trainees are high risk for burnout. Risk factors include early stage in career, female gender and isolation. From previous assessment, the program discovered ...
Advances in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Translational Research

Over the past several years, we have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This has been driven in part through the development of a more extensive array of representative models of disease, including a diverse variety of genetically engineered mouse models and human tumor xenografts. Herein, we review recent progress in SCLC model development, and consider some of the particularly active avenues of translational research in SCLC, including interrogation of intratumoral heterogeneity, insights into the cell of origin and oncogenic drivers, mechanisms of chemoresistance, and new therapeutic opportunities including biomarker-directed targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Whereas SCLC remains a highly lethal disease, these new avenues of translational research, bringing together mechanism-based preclinical and clinical research, offer new hope for patients with SCLC.
Cookie Swap Party: Abusing First-Party Cookies for Web Tracking

As a step towards protecting user privacy, most web browsers perform some form of third-party HTTP cookie blocking or periodic deletion by default, while users typically have the option to select even stricter blocking policies. As a result, web trackers have shifted their efforts to work around these restrictions and retain or even improve the extent of their tracking capability. In this paper, we shed light into the increasingly used practice of relying on first-party cookies that are set by third-party JavaScript code to implement user tracking and other potentially unwanted capabilities. Although unlike third-party cookies, first-party cookies are not sent automatically by the browser to third-parties on HTTP requests, this tracking is possible because any included third-party code runs in the context of the parent page, and thus can fully set or read existing first-party cookies—which it can then leak to the same or other third parties. Previous works that survey user privacy on the web in relation to cookies, third-party or otherwise, have not fully explored this mechanism. To address this gap, we propose a dynamic data flow tracking system based on Chromium to track the leakage of first-party cookies to third parties, and used it to conduct a large-scale study of the Alexa top 10K websites. In total, we found that 97.72% of the websites have first-party cookies that are set by third-party JavaScript, and that on 57.66% of these websites there is at least one such cookie that contains a unique user identifier that is diffused to multiple third parties. Our results highlight the privacy-intrusive capabilities of first-party cookies, even when a privacy-savvy user has taken mitigative measures such as blocking third-party cookies, or employing popular crowd-sourced filter lists such as EasyList/EasyPrivacy and the Disconnect list.
Esophageal Dilation and Other Clinical Factors Associated With Pulmonary Function Decline in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To identify clinical factors, including esophageal dilation on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), that are associated with pulmonary function decline in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Patients fulfilled 2013 SSc criteria and had ≥ 1 HRCT and ≥ 2 pulmonary function tests (PFTs). According to published methods, widest esophageal diameter (WED) and radiographic interstitial lung disease (ILD) were assessed, and WED was dichotomized as dilated (≥ 19 mm) vs not dilated (< 19 mm). Clinically meaningful PFT decline was defined as % predicted change in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 5 and/or diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥ 15. Linear mixed effects models were used to model PFT change over time. RESULTS One hundred thirty-eight patients with SSc met the study criteria: 100 (72%) had radiographic ILD; 49 (35%) demonstrated FVC decline (median follow-up 2.9 yrs). Patients with antitopoisomerase I (Scl-70) autoantibodies had 5-year FVC% predicted decline (-6.33, 95% CI -9.87 to -2.79), whereas patients without Scl-70 demonstrated 5-year FVC stability (+1.78, 95% CI -0.59 to 4.15). Esophageal diameter did not distinguish between those with vs without FVC decline. Patients with esophageal dilation had statistically significant 5-year DLCO% predicted decline (-5.58, 95% CI -10.00 to -1.15), but this decline was unlikely clinically significant. Similar results were observed in the subanalysis of patients with radiographic ILD. CONCLUSION In patients with SSc, Scl-70 positivity is a risk factor for FVC% predicted decline at 5 years. Esophageal dilation on HRCT was associated with a minimal, nonclinically significant decline in DLCO and no change in FVC during the 5-year follow-up. These results have prognostic implications for SSc-ILD patients with esophageal dilation.
Investigation of Sr0.7Ca0.3FeO3 Oxygen Carriers with Variable Cobalt B-Site Substitution

A-site and B-site substitutions are effective methods towards improving well-studied oxygen carrier materials that are vital for emerging gasification technologies. Such materials include SrFeO3 , which greatly benefits from the inclusion of calcium and/or cobalt, and Sr0.8 Ca0.2 Fe0.4 Co0.6 O3 has been regarded as the best-performing composition. In this study, systems with higher calcium and lower cobalt contents are investigated with a view to lessening the societal and economic burdens of these dual-doped carriers. Density functional theory calculations are performed to illustrate the Fe-O bonding and relaxation contributions to the oxygen vacancy formation energy in Sr1-x Cax Fe1-y Coy O3 systems (x=0.1875, 0.25, 0.3125; y=0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5) and determine that increased calcium A-site substitution requires the use of less cobalt B-site doping to reach the same oxygen vacancy formation. These findings are experimentally validated in situ and ex situ characterization of bulk Sr0.7 Ca0.3 Fe1-y Coy O3 materials. Sr0.7 Ca0.3 Fe0.7 Co0.3 O3 is found to have similar O2 adsorption/desorption rates and storage capacity to Sr0.8 Ca0.2 Fe0.4 Co0.6 O3 in air/N2 cycling experiments. Additionally, both materials are outperformed by Sr0.7 Ca0.3 Fe1-y Coy O3 systems with y=0-0.10 at 400-500 °C, which cycle 1.5 wt% O2 in under ten minutes.