cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building a Programmable Architecture for Non-visual Navigation of Mathematics: Using Rules for Guiding Presentation and Switching between Modalities

This paper presents a new implementation framework for exploring different non-visual modalities of presentation and navigation of mathematical content. The objective is to create a framework to facilitate the investigation of different presentation modalities, and to sustain the development of solutions that could fit a broad range of visual disabilities. The increased flexibility and the ability to customize the presentation scheme have the potential to provide a better fit for the needs of the user and enhance accessibility of complex mathematical content. The proposed approach relies on two principles. The first principle is a separation of concerns: instead of freezing the modality of presentation in the navigation system, we introduce the notion of rendering rule . The second feature of the proposed navigation system is the ability to switch on demand between interactive navigation and prosody-based presentation. This work is implemented as an extension to the Firefox web browser. New functionalities for reading MathML contents in a web page are added to the open source screen reader FireVox.
Becoming Confident in Addressing Client Spiritual or Religious Orientation in Counseling: A Grounded Theory Understanding

The process of how counselors develop confidence in addressing the spiritual or religious orientation of the client during therapy was explored using a qualitative, grounded theory framework. Results suggest that developing this confidence, as well as avoiding pitfalls when incorporating spirituality or religious orientation in the therapeutic process, are shaped by the counselor's personal spiritual journey. Formative factors include having opportunities to socially construct knowledge and skill, the level of reverence and respect for spirituality, and the degree of internal drive on the part of the counselor to become more confident. Implications of these findings for counselor practice are discussed.
Effects of word frequency on semantic memory in schizophrenia: Electrophysiological evidence for a deficit in linguistic access

Abstract Background Abnormal storage and/or access are among the hypothesized causes of semantic memory deficit in schizophrenia. Neuropsychological and connectionist models have emphasized functional systems that serve the processing of word meaning and frequency: semantic storage disturbance is presumed to result from weak representations of word meaning; defective access is assumed to result from compromises to pathways that activate word frequency knowledge. Candidate biological systems include neuromodulatory pathways that normally function to enhance neural signals (e.g., cholinergic system). Electrophysiological responding may be informative regarding the storage-access distinction for schizophrenia. Methods Visual event-related potentials were recorded for 14 schizophrenia outpatients receiving atypical antipsychotics, and 14 healthy controls group-matched to patients on age, gender, and demographics. N400 was elicited using an incidental semantic priming paradigm, in which semantic relatedness and word frequency were varied, and a letter probe task. Results Compared to controls, patients showed reduced N400 (µV) discrimination of semantic relatedness. Groups also showed different patterns of N400 to word frequency. Controls' N400 increased in negativity as words decreased in frequency of occurrence, while patients did not show a linear relationship between N400 and word frequency. Groups also differed for N400 to frequently occurring words. Patients exhibited increased negativity to high and very high frequency words, compared to controls. A subgroup of patients receiving antipsychotics with known affinity binding for muscarinic receptors (clozapine and olanzapine) showed significant albeit limited N400 priming, but their N400 to word frequency remained nonsignificant. Conclusions Results suggest a deficit in semantic access for schizophrenia, as well as an influence of neuromodulators on the activation of connections among semantic representations. Cumulative findings indicating only limited N400 priming for patients receiving either typical or atypical antipsychotics support the hypothesis that semantic memory deficit represents a trait marker for schizophrenia.
A meta-analysis of the response to chronic L-dopa in patients with schizophrenia: therapeutic and heuristic implications

Rationale While it is generally believed that administration of the dopamine precursor levodopa (l-dopa) exacerbates symptoms of schizophrenia, numerous reports suggest that adjunctive l-dopa may be beneficial. This body of literature has not been critically reviewed.
Pulsed dye amplification and frequency doubling of single longitudinal mode semiconductor lasers

A single-longitudinal-mode CW AlGaAs semiconductor laser (786 nm) has been pulse-amplified in a Nd:YAG-pumped dye system by 80 dB, yielding 4-ns (FWHM) infrared pulses having energies of 1.2 mJ. These amplified pulses have then been frequency-doubled in a KDP crystal to yield 110 mu J of tunable ultraviolet radiation at 393 nm. The amplified diode laser linewidth at 786 nm is measured to be 118 MHz. >
Mapping authors in intellectual space: A technical overview

An overview of current data gathering and analytical techniques for ACA (Author cocitation analysis) is presented. It focus primarily on a set of procedures that the research group at Drexel has found useful and discuss the range of choices possible at each step of the process. For illustration, and the results of clustering, mapping, and factor analyzing cocited authors from the subdiscipline of macroeconomics, 1972-1977. The bibliography lists more detailed presentations of the methods and fuller examples of their uses
Systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome in cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Background Metabolic syndrome and elevation of inflammatory markers is common in transplant recipients. We investigated the role of insulin resistance and C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting development of angiographic cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Methods CRP and lipid profile were measured in 114 cardiac transplant recipients at 4.7 ± 3.1 years post-transplant. A triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio of ≥3 was considered a marker of insulin resistance. Ninety-seven patients (mean age ± SD: 48.2 ± 16.7 years) subsequently underwent routine coronary angiography at 8.6 ± 3.2 years post-transplantation. Diagnosis of CAV required the presence of stenosis of ≥40% in any major branch, and/or distal pruning of secondary side branches. Coronary artery stenosis ≥70% was defined as severe. Results Eighty-one percent of patients were treated with statins. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level was 98 ± 26 mg/dl at study entry. CRP and TG/HDL were found to be predictors of development of CAV. CAV severity correlated with TG/HDL ( p 3, CRP >3 mg/liter, as compared with 65% in patients with TG/HDL p = 0.003). The combination of CRP >3 mg/liter and TG/HDL >3 identified a sub-group of patients having a 2.8-fold increased odds ratio for a combined end-point of cardiovascular (CV) events (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, left ventricular ejection fraction p = 0.07) compared to patients with CRP Conclusions CRP >3 mg/liter and TG/HDL >3 are cumulative risk factors for angiographic CAV and the combined end-point of CV events and death in transplant patients and these patients should be targeted for intervention.
MicroRNA-Mediated Inhibition of Prostate-Derived Ets Factor Messenger RNA Translation Affects Prostate-Derived Ets Factor Regulatory Networks in Human Breast Cancer

Prostate-derived Ets factor (PDEF) is an ETS transcription factor expressed in normal tissues with high epithelial cell content and noninvasive breast cancer cells. A putative tumor suppressor PDEF protein expression is often lost during progression to a more invasive phenotype. Interestingly, PDEF mRNA has been found to be retained or even overexpressed in the absence of protein; however, the mechanisms for this remain to be elucidated. This study identifies two microRNAs (miRNA) that directly act on and repress PDEF mRNA translation, leading to the loss of PDEF protein expression and the gain of phenotypes associated with invasive cells. In addition, we show that these miRNAs are elevated in human breast tumor samples. Together, these data describe a mechanism of regulation that explains, for the first time, the lack of correlation between PDEF mRNA and protein levels, providing insight into the underexplored role of posttranscriptional regulation and how this contributes to dysregulated protein expression in cancer. These observations have critical implications for therapeutically targeting miRNAs that contribute to cancer progression.
Gunfight at the K-12 Corral: Legislative vs. Judicial Power in the Kansas School Finance Litigation

In Kansas, the recent school finance litigation evokes images of an old-fashioned western shootout: "The Gunfight at the K-12 Corral." This dramatic and suspenseful showdown between two governmental heavyweights -- the Kansas Legislature and the Kansas Supreme Court -- kept many Kansas gripping the edges of their seats as each new episode unfolded. The plaintiffs' challenge to the adequacy and equity of school funding in Kansas set in motion a series of actions and reactions whose repercussions have not yet been fully realized. The constitutional confrontation between the Legislature and the court began in earnest when, after various preliminary skirmishes, the Kansas Supreme Court rules that the Kansas school finance system was unconstitutional. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the ruling's implications for the constitutional landscape of Kansas. Through an in-depth examination of the case, the Article highlights the issues and offers a framework for thinking about them, in the process explaining the areas where the law is reasonably clear, pinpointing key unresolved questions, and suggesting some of the considerations that may be relevant to resolving them.
Invited Commentary: Vaccine Failure or Failure to Vaccinate?

Despite the availability of safe and effective measles vaccines since 1963 measles still accounts for approximately 10% of global mortality from all causes among children aged less than 5 years an estimated 36.5 million cases and 1 million deaths in 1996. Worldwide in 1996 routine coverage with 1 dose of measles vaccine was 81% although the African Region of the World Health Organization reports the lowest coverage at 56% and the largest proportion of measles cases and deaths. There is an urgent need to strengthen measles control and explore the best ways to achieve that end especially in areas such as West Africa. However the data presented by Cisse et al. do not show that the 1995 outbreak of measles in Niakhar Senegal was due mainly to the waning of vaccine-induced immunity among school-aged children. Waning immunity therefore cannot be used to justify the introduction of a multidose vaccination schedule as a key strategy for improving measles control in developing countries. The authors explain the basis for their opinions. The immediate objective of any measles control program should be to provide a first dose of measles vaccine to unvaccinated children.
Integrating transcriptome and epigenome: putting together the pieces of the type 2 diabetes pathogenesis puzzle.

The complex pathophysiological process of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves perturbation of gene expression, leading to derangement of multiple physiological processes in tissues that are important in glucose homeostasis (1). Interactions of environmental factors with genetic and epigenetic variants are likely to play an important role; however, the relative contribution of each component to gene expression linked to T2D pathogenesis could differ among individuals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction is crucial for developing novel therapeutic and preventative strategies for T2D. Incomplete concordance of T2D in monozygotic (MZ) twins (considered genetically identical) is indicative that nongenetic/environmental factors can play a prominent role in T2D susceptibility and pathogenesis (2). During pre- and postnatal life, environmental factors (including dietary factors) in each tissue microenvironment interact with cellular genetic regulatory architecture and may modulate gene expression. Environmental factors also may modulate gene expression by causing epigenetic modifications of the genome, including DNA methylation (Fig. 1). Thus, tracing molecular events through layers of biological information, including DNA methylation, gene expression, genotype, and physiological data, is required for solving the puzzle of the etiology of T2D. Figure 1 A causal model of T2D pathogenesis. Environmental factors (including dietary factors) may modulate the expression of genes by interacting with cellular genetic regulatory architecture or by causing epigenetic modifications of the genome, including DNA methylation. Perturbation of gene expression in tissues important for glucose homeostasis causes derangement of multiple physiological processes and leads to the pathogenesis of T2D. An integrative functional ‘omics paradigm that traces molecular events through layers of biological information is required for solving the puzzle of the etiology of T2D. epiSNP, methylation and other epigenetic regulatory single …
The Black Mother in the United States

“Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair.” The message in Langston Hughes’s classic poem “Mother to Son” continues to bear a perennial truth for black mothers. As long-time survivors of the triple jeopardies of sexism, racism, and relative poverty, black mothers are objects of curiosity observed and judged by a myriad of others. Memories of black childhoods and poets have tended to idolize them as standard bearers, as those who have sowed the seeds of faith and love in the midst of their own suffering. In contrast, the microscopic images of empirical studies, clinical observations, and educational analysis accuse them of fostering social defects, deviance, and deficiencies.
Intelligent document understanding: Understanding photographs with captions

The interaction of textual and photographic information in document understanding is explored. Specifically, a computational model whereby textual captions are used as collateral information in the interpretation of the corresponding photographs is presented. The final understanding of the picture and caption reflects a consolidation of the information obtained from each of the two sources and can thus be used in intelligent information retrieval tasks. The problem of performing general-purpose vision without apriori knowledge is very difficult at best. The concept of using collateral information in scene understanding has been explored in systems that use general scene context in the task of object identification. The work described extends this notion by incorporating picture specific information. Finally, as a test of the model, a multi-stage system PICTION which uses captions to identify humans in an accompanying photograph is described. This provides a computationally less expensive alternative to traditional methods of face recognition since it does not require a pre-stored database of face models for all people to be identified. >
Fear of failure and achievement goals in sport: Addressing the issue of the chicken and the egg

The hierarchical model of achievement motivation proposes that, in addition to need achievement, fear of failure (FF) energizes achievement behaviour and predisposes individuals to adopt particular types of achievement goals. An impressive volume of cross-sectional support for this model has emerged, however, the causal assumptions of the model have never been tested. College students (N=356) enrolled in physical activity classes completed multidimensional measures of FF and achievement goals on four occasions in a 3-week interval. FF was positively related to mastery-avoidance (MAv), performance-approach (PAp), and performance-avoidance (PAv) achievement goals. FF scores predicted residualized change in MAv and PAv (but not MAp or PAp) goal scores across occasions. Goal scores did not reliably predict residualized change in FF scores across occasions. Results were consistent with the hierarchical model of achievement motivation and suggest that FF may indeed have a causal influence on achievement goals.
Creating common patients and evaluating indiviual results: issues in indivual simulation for health policy analysis

The research direction in modeling complex, chronic conditions for health policy evaluation has been to incorporate individual heterogeneity. This detail makes our models more powerful and relevant. In implementing an individual simulation model of colorectal cancer we have recognized two considerations related to incorporating individual heterogeneity that have not been adequately discussed in the literature. First, there are substantial computational gains and interpretation benefits if an individual's life courses are identical except when differences are directly induced by an intervention. Achieving this is not trivial. We have developed the notion of a "common patient" who is the same between scenarios except for intervention-induced changes. We create the common patient using a careful application of Common Random Numbers (CRN). Second, when we model differentiated individuals we can examine differing impacts of polices on specific sub-groups. This leverages the detail in individual attributes to produce useful results for policy makers.
Radioisotope heating for contact ionization thrustors.

Radioisotope heating for ionizer temperature of contact ionization thrustors for satellite attitude control and stationkeeping, studying power source mass saving
Organizations as Multiple Cultures: A Rules Theory Analysis

This essay articulates the utility of the coordinated management of meaning(CMM) theory of rules for identifying different cultures within an organization and for conceptualizing the complex interaction between them. In CMM, rules are conceptualized as cognitions that individuals employ to create action in interpersonal episodes. The utility of CMMas a theoretical and an analytical frame is specifically demonstrated through applying the perspective to one view of multiple cultures in organizations: the interplay between a dominant culture, one whose central values are espoused by top management and are widely shared, and three specific types of subcultures: enhancing, orthogonal, and a counterculture. The roles of structural vs. content factors in organizational cultures as well as the dynamic meshing of intrapersonal meanings to create interpersonal action are also addressed in terms of CMM.
Genetic algorithm techniques for 3-valued transistor design

Modern electronic circuits are fabricated from transistors, which are devices with two inputs and one output, Present day commercial circuits use electricity at a high and a low voltage to represent the values 0 and 1. In recent years it has become possible to build circuits that use light, transported through fiber wave guides, instead of electricity. If light is used then there is no particular reason to limit the set of values represented to E(2)=(0, 1). Active research goes on in the design of multiple-valued optical processors. The paper explores the use of genetic algorithms in the design of efficient 3-valued transistors. The object of the exploration is to develop a set of techniques that can be extended to the design of efficient 4-valued transistors. >
The Standard Auditor's Report: Preparer, User, And Student Reactions To The PCAOB Concept Release

Concerns about the usefulness of the Standard Audit Report (SAR) have been expressed by investors and other users of corporate financial statement for several decades. During 2011 the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) reacted to those concerns by issuing Concept Release on Possible Revisions to the PCAOB Standards Related to PCAOB Standards (Release). This article provides a description of the SAR, a short history (timetable) of the pressures (surveys) to improve the SAR and events that have led to the eventual Release by the PCAOB. Feedback (comment letters and surveys) from professionals and professional organizations regarding the Release are examined and discussed. Accounting and finance majors, future preparers and users of the financial statements, were surveyed to determine both their reactions to the PCAOBs SAR and whether their reactions were different than practitioners. This article concludes with an analysis of the results and implications for audit practice and education.
Investigating Freezing Point Depression and Cirrus Cloud Nucleation Mechanisms Using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter

A differential scanning calorimeter was used to study homogeneous nucleation of ice from micron-sized aqueous ammonium sulfate aerosol particles. It is important to understand the conditions at which these particles nucleate ice because of their connection to cirrus cloud formation. Additionally, the concept of freezing point depression, a topic commonly encountered in undergraduate science courses, was experimentally studied using an instrumental technique. As expected, when the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the particles increased, their freezing and melting temperatures decreased. The data was consistent with previous work that showed water activity is the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aerosol particles. This laboratory experiment is appropriate for students enrolled in upper division atmospheric science, chemistry and instrumental analysis courses.
Dickinson’s Fascicles, Beginnings and Endings

To create an orderly assessment (and, indirectly, a packaging) of her writing, Emily Dickinson drew upon the materials available to her in her Amherst home. Even as she chose among different kinds of paper, Dickinson maintained a steady incorporation of her skills of both sewing and aesthetic arrangement. From the months of creating the first fascicles—probably sometime during 1858—to the demise of that practice, sometime during 1864 in the midst of the stress of dealing with her eye illness, Dickinson was consistent in her practice of dividing her poems into book-length packets, creating a showplace for her achievements and grouping poems with others that explored similar themes.
Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy to the Study of Corrosion

Each of the transmission, reflection and emission Mossbauer spectroscopic techniques provide a unique physical method for studying corrosion. An introduction to each of these methods is presented and examples are given to demonstrate how these methods have been used to study corrosion phenomena.
Kiswani Wholesale Distributor “Bu Siness Plan”

Kiswani Wholesalers and Distributors (KWD) is a proposed Limited Liability Company (LLC) that will be co-owned by two partners and operated in New York State, serving four counties of Rockland, Westchester, Orange and Dutchess. The company will be dealing in medicines sold over the counter, health and beauty products, general merchandise and male enhancement drugs. These product lines offer the company a unique product mix that will enable it to penetrate and sustain a steady market base in the market for profitability. The proposed company has identified four market segments: convenience stores, supermarkets, grocery stores, gas stations and other small retail shops that will be its customers. It intends to target the first four segments of its market in the first year of operation. KWD will employ a marketing strategy that will put it ahead of its competitors and its SWOT analysis shows that it will compete favorably in the business environment into which it intends to venture. Key success factors will be the experienced ownership and management and skilled and qualified persons who will implement the success strategies of pricing, marketing and sales to deliver high outputs that will enable the firm to break even in the ninth month of operation. Upon commencement of its operations, KWD will plough back its profits for purposes of expansion, which is inevitable for every organization in all industries. Its books of account as projected are so promising that the owners will confidently acquire $ 24,000 of the total capital from a bank loan and contribute $20, 000 personally as the other $15,000 is gained from credit facilities by the suppliers in a 21-day credit term. With a small size workforce of only five personnel for the startup phase, KWD will be able to have efficient operations that will steer the firm to rapid growth and profitability.
In-Process Ultrasonic Inspection of Additive Manufactured Parts

This project introduces an in-situ application of ultrasonic inspection techniques to fused deposition modeling (FDM) in order to detect defects as they are produced in a 3D printed plastic part. The growth of additive manufacturing into performance critical applications has revealed the need for precise quantitative evaluation of printed parts. Ultrasonic testing has been extensively demonstrated as a means of detecting small geometric defects in materials, but has not previously been applied in-process to thermoplastic FDM. This experiment used four piezoelectric transducers bonded to the build plate of an FDM machine printing Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) to ultrasonically inspect parts periodically during the printing process. Every 30 s, the partially formed model is interrogated with an ultrasonic chirp signal and the response recorded. The normalized frequency response is then compared to an experimentally determined ideal response in order to detect faults in the most recently deposited layers. This analysis is based on the hypothesis that the frequency response of the part will be substantially altered if unexpected (defective) geometries are present. Due to the complexity added by low-density internal structures, this work investigates only parts with a solid fill and simple external geometries. However, with sufficient signal processing capabilities, it is feasible to extend this technique to more complicated part shapes and low-density fill patterns, as might be expected in a manufacturing setting.
Noise Reduction in LNAs Using a Conductive Path to Ground Technique in SiGe Technology

A passive noise suppression technique was implemented on a family of monolithic low-noise amplifiers using a 0.5mum SiGe BiCMOS process with 47GHz fT transistors. This method provides the entire circuit with a conductive path to ground the P-substrate. Near active device regions, noise injection and crosstalk paths are shunted to ground. This technique decreased the LNAs noise figures by 1.88dB, 0.34dB, and 0.82dB at 5.25GHz, 2.45GHz, and 2.14GHz respectively. While DC power consumption is reduced, the gain improved by 5.3dB and 2.5dB at 5.25GHz and 2.14GHz respectively
Olfactory cleft computed tomography analysis and olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND Volumetric analysis of the olfactory cleft by using computed tomography has been associated with olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, existing studies have not comprehensively measured olfaction, and it thus remains unknown whether correlations differ across specific dimensions of odor perception. OBJECTIVE To use comprehensive measures of patient-reported and objective olfaction to evaluate the relationship between volumetric olfactory cleft opacification and olfaction. METHODS Olfaction in patients with CRS was evaluated by using "Sniffin' Sticks" tests and a modified version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders. Olfactory cleft opacification was quantified by using two- and three-dimensional, computerized volumetric analysis. Correlations between olfactory metrics and olfactory cleft opacification were then calculated. RESULTS The overall CRS cohort included 26 patients without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) (68.4%) and 12 patients with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) (31.6%). Across the entire cohort, total olfactory cleft opacification was 82.8%, with greater opacification in the CRSwNP subgroup compared with CRSsNP (92.3 versus 78.4%, p < 0.001). The percent total volume opacification correlated with the total Sniffin' Sticks score (r = -0.568, p < 0.001) as well as individual threshold, discrimination, and identification scores (p < 0.001 for all). Within the CRSwNP subgroup, threshold (r = -0.616, p = 0.033) and identification (r = -0.647, p = 0.023) remained highly correlated with total volume opacification. In patients with CRSsNP, the threshold correlated with total volume scores (r = -0.457, p = 0.019), with weaker and nonsignificant correlations for discrimination and identification. Correlations between total volume opacification and the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders were qualitatively similar to objective olfactory findings in both CRSwNP (r = -0.566, p = 0.070) and CRSsNP (r = -0.310, p = 0.141) subgroups, although neither reached significance. When examined by two-dimensional planes, the percent opacification of the anterior plane had the strongest correlations with objective olfaction. CONCLUSION Olfactory cleft opacification correlated with objective measures of olfaction in patients with CRS, which correlated with threshold values in patients with CRSsNP and all dimensions of olfaction in those with CRSwNP.
CEO Gender Differences: A Meta-analytic Review

Inconsistent findings on key differences between male and female CEOs have been reported. However, there are no systematic reviews on CEO gender differences. This study addresses the void in the li...
Core curriculum illustration: orbital blow out fracture

This is the 32nd installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and use of our online materials. To view more cases online, please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at: http://www.erad.org/page/CCIP_TOC.
A Clustered Randomized Trial of an Educational Intervention During Transplant Evaluation to Increase Knowledge of Living Donor Kidney Transplant

Introduction:Maximizing education about living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) during the in-person evaluation at the transplant center may increase the numbers of kidney patients pursuing LDKT.Research Questions and Design:To test the effectiveness of a 1-time LDKT educational intervention, we performed a cluster-randomized trial among 499 patients who presented for evaluation of kidney transplant. We compared usual care education (n = 250) versus intensive LDKT education (n = 249), which was implemented only on the evaluation day and consisted of viewing a 25-minute video of information and stories about LDKT and discussion of LDKT possibilities with an educator. Our primary outcome was knowledge of LDKT, 1 week after the transplant evaluation.Results:One week after evaluation, patients who received intensive education had higher knowledge than patients who received usual care (12.7 vs. 11.7; P = .0008), but there were no differences in postevaluation readiness for LDKT. Among patients who had not previo...
Scientific storytelling: A narrative strategy for scientific communicators

Courses: Science communication, public speaking, technical communication, professional and/or management communicationObjectives: This activity about scientific and technical communication uses nar...
Is Sexually Dimorphic Adaptation to Oxidative Stress a Tissue Specific or a Systemic Phenomenon in D. Melanogaster

Sex-specific differences are evident from fruit flies to humans. The ability to activate stress-responsive genes is sex and oxidant-dependent, with earlier work demonstrating adaption in D. melanogaster to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) occurring in a female-specific manner. We have previously shown that whole-body overexpression of the transformer female-specific transcript ( traf ) led to the successful generation of pseudo-female fruit flies, which are chromosomally male, but phenotypically female, and increased ability to adapt to H 2 O 2 . In this study, we sought to investigate if a specific tissue is necessary for adaptation to H 2 O 2 pretreatment. To investigate this, we feminized individual tissues in male fruit flies: the gut, the nervous system, fat bodies, and oenocytes. Prior work from Regan and colleagues (2016) showed feminized male guts, under caloric restriction, demonstrated increased lifespan, a phenomenon usually selective for females. In the present study, males with specific feminized tissues were either not pretreated or were pretreated with low, signaling doses (µM) of H 2 O 2 before being subjected to a semi-lethal amount of H 2 O 2 . Adaptation was measured by changes in survival. We found that the feminization of the four individual tissues in males did not endow an adaptive response to H 2 O 2 . This finding indicates a potential systemic interaction may be necessary to cause a female-specific response, requiring the feminization of multiple tissues. We consider these studies to be the first steps in (one day) understanding sexually dimorphic oxidative stress responses and adaptive homeostasis in tissues of higher organisms.
Shaking Things Up: Reorganizing

Global deals present global challenges. A divestiture with many countries in scope requires significant effort by human resources (HR) and many other corporate functions to successfully manage these specific global challenges. This often includes the managing of diverse compensation policies, foreign and domestic regulations, and union and other collective labor contracts, as well as organizing (and at times reorganizing) the transaction across different cultures. Significant time and effort is required to coordinate the divestiture across multiple countries, employee populations, and jurisdictions.
Waveshapes radiated by electrically small antennas

The objective of this presentation is to describe a set of electrically small antennas that are quite useful for various communication purposes deployed on different platforms. In this paper a study is made of the various waveshapes radiated as a function of the azimuth and elevation angles from these antennas and how the effect of resonance changes the waveshape is studied. Comparison is made with other antennas believed to be broadband.
Multi-Armed Bandits for Human-Machine Decision Making

Building an integrated human-machine decision-making system requires developing effective interfaces between the human and the machine. We develop such an interface by studying the multi-armed bandit problem, a simple sequential decision-making paradigm that can model a variety of tasks. We construct Bayesian algorithms for the multi-armed bandit problem, prove conditions under which these algorithms achieve good performance, and empirically show that, with appropriate priors, these algorithms effectively model human choice behavior; the priors then form a principled interface from human to machine. We take a signal processing perspective on the prior estimation problem and develop methods to estimate the priors given human choice data.
Infections in HIV-Infected Patients

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for serious and life-threatening infectious complications. Indeed, infections constitute the chief cause of mortality in untreated patients. While the majority of the infections occur in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the vulnerability to certain infections remains high even in patients with higher CD4 counts as immune defects occur very early in infection and persist even in patients who have experienced immune reconstitution following the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The association between CD4 counts and vulnerability to certain infections allows the clinician to quite accurately predict which infections are likely or unlikely to occur in an individual based on the CD4 count. In addition, HIV interacts with other pathogens that impact the natural history of both infections and may result in accelerated sequelae of infection. This chapter will highlight the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, prognosis, and prevention of common infections that occur in HIV-infected patients.
Some Observations on DNA Structure and Chromatin Organization at Specific Loci in Drosophila melanogaster

Within the eukaryotic nucleus, the DNA is packaged in a complex fashion by association with histones and other chromosomal proteins. One may suggest a priori that differential protein packaging of coding sequences at the broad level of the chromomere, or in the specific vicinity of a gene, or both, might be an important determinant in the selective expression of these sequences. Our goals have been to map features of chromatin structure relative to known functional sequences, to establish the presence of alternative patterns of structure during development, and to look for alterations in structure that might occur as part of the process of gene induction and repression. To this end, we have recently conducted a series of studies utilizing several different DNA-cleavage reagents to examine the patterns of DNA-protein interaction at a number of Drosophila genes. Concurrent studies using immunofluorescent staining of polytene chromosomes have identified several presumptive structural nonhistone chromosomal proteins, including some the distribution pattern of which indicates a preferential association with loci that are to be expressed at some point in the development of the salivary gland cells of Drosophila. We anticipate that the synthesis of this information may ultimately lead to a better understanding of the process of gene activation and hence provide insights into the regulation of this event during development. For a more thorough review of many of the issues raised herein, see Cartwright et al. (1982).
Codimension-One Riemann Solutions: Missing Rarefactions Adjacent to Doubly Sonic Transitional Waves

This paper is the fifth in a series that undertakes a systematic investigation of Riemann solutions of systems of two conservation laws in one spatial dimension. In this paper, three degeneracies that can occur only in Riemann solutions that contain doubly sonic transitional shock waves, together with the degeneracies that pair with them, are studied in detail. Conditions for a codimension-one degeneracy are identified in each case, as are conditions for folding of the Riemann solution surface. Simple examples are given, including a numerically computed Riemann solution that contains a doubly sonic transitional shock wave.
Optimal Control of Multi-agent Persistent Monitoring Systems with Performance Constraints

We present an optimal control framework for persistent monitoring problems where the objective is to control the movement of multiple cooperating agents to minimize an uncertainty metric in a given mission space, while seeking to maintain some upper bound constraints on uncertainty values. In a one-dimensional mission space, we show that the optimal solution is for each agent to move at maximal speed from one switching point to the next, possibly waiting some time at each point before reversing its direction. Thus, the solution is reduced to a simpler parametric optimization problem: determining a sequence of switching locations and associated waiting times at these switching points for each agent. This amounts to a hybrid system which we analyze using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) to obtain a complete on-line solution through a gradient-based algorithm.We also show that the solution is robust with respect to the uncertainty model used.
Next Partition of Integer n (NEXPAR)

This chapter presents an algorithm for generating next partition of integer n . It defines partition of an integer n . If the number of parts are not restricted, then for a fixed n , there are infinitely many compositions of n , but only a finite number of partitions of n . The chapter discusses subroutine specifications for NEXPAR and presents the sample output. The subprogram NEXPAR was called repeatedly with N = 10, until termination. The chapter presents 42 output partitions. For clarity, the chapter presents multiple parts repeated.
Heuristics, Biases, and Environmental Health Risk Analysis

Human behavior both harms and benefits the natural environment, and in turn, environmental changes can significantly impact human health. Therefore, the study of human decision making, which guides much of human behavior, is highly relevant to the management of environmental health risks. This chapter examines the important relationship between one area of behavioral decision making (cognitive heuristics and biases) and environmental health risk management.
Replicated flux measurements of 1,3-dichloropropene emissions from a bare soil under field conditions

Abstract Field experiments offer the most acceptable approach to quantifying agricultural fumigant emissions but there is an absence of replicated field data in reported literature. Air concentration profiles of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) were determined on duplicate masts above the center of a treated field over 14 days. Meteorological parameters were also measured. Three meteorological approaches were then used to determine the total and flux density emissions of 1,3-D. Across the three calculation methods, the averages of the duplicated measurements showed total emission losses of cis 1,3-D ranging from 27% to 36% and of trans 1,3-D ranging from 18% to 24%. The replicate measurements differed by between 1.6 and 7.7 percentage points, which we consider to be excellent replicability. Flux densities over time showed maximum emissions during the first nighttime and early morning of the day following application. A general declining trend in emission fluxes was accompanied by nighttime peaks. Flux density curves during the experiment showed excellent agreement between replicates, with linear regression of the two data sets yielding r2 values of 0.95–0.98 and slopes of 1.01–1.17. To our knowledge, this is the first time that replicated fumigant fluxes have been reported. The high degree of replicability indicates the robustness of the approaches and lends credence to previous non-replicated flux data.
The effect of crystal orientation on shock loading of single crystal energetic materials

Abstract Void collapse under shock loading has become a model problem to study the nucleation of hot spots in high energy density materials. While experimental observation of this phenomenon remains elusive, simulations can help identify the relevant physical mechanisms for heat generation and criticality. A finite element method approach to simulate shock waves that includes crystal plasticity, with a power-law slip rate, hardening law and an equation of state is presented. Numerical simulations of shock loading of single crystal β -HMX containing a cylindrical hole of diameter 10 μ m are performed with different orientations and impact velocities in 3D and under plane strain conditions. The elastoplastic response, including the temperature increase due to plastic dissipation, is strongly affected by the crystal orientation. Specifically, the ( 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 1 ) -oriented crystal shows the highest temperature increase. These results can guide the design of experiments to investigate processes at the micrometer length scales in energetic materials.
Localization of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in the Rat and Bovine Ovary Using Immunocytochemistry and Cell Blot: Evidence for Granulosal Production

A protein fraction recently isolated from the bovine ovary has in vitro activity similar to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and was thus hypothesized to be a tumor necrosis-like factor (TNLF) (1). In another related study, rabbit corpora lutea (CL) incubated in vitro in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) secrete a substance with bioactivity similar to TNF (2). In addition, macrophages which produce TNF (3) are present within the ovary. To investigate the cellular sources of TNF in the ovary, TNF was localized in bovine and rat ovaries using polyclonal antibodies to human recombinant TNFα with a Biotin-StreptAvidin immunostaining technique. Granulosal cells were examined by cell blot technique to ascertain the presence and/or secretion of TNF using a similar Biotin-StreptAvidin immunostaining technique. This study reveals the presence of immunoreactive TNF (I-TNF) in the bovine and rat ovary localized primarily to three regions: the CL, the antral layer of granulosal cells in small antral and large preovulatory follicles, and throughout the granulosal layer of atretic follicles. Cell blot analyses indicate the presence and secretion of TNF by bovine and rat granulosa cells in vitro.
Testing the deficient processing account of the spacing effect in second language vocabulary learning: Evidence from eye tracking

The spacing effect refers to the learning benefit that comes from separating repeated study of target items by time or by other items. A prominent proposed explanation for this effect states that repeated exposures that occur closely together may not engage full attentional processing due to residual activation of the previous exposure and also, in an intentional learning context, due to a sense of familiarity that may result in strategic allocation of less study time to an item in massed repetitions. The present study used eye-tracking methodology to investigate the effects of temporal distribution of repeated exposures to novel second language words on attentional processing and learning of these words under intentional learning instructions. Adult native speakers of English read Finnish words embedded in English sentence contexts under massed and spaced conditions. The results showed that (a) massed repeated exposures received less attentional processing than spaced repeated exposures; (b) target words were better remembered in the spaced condition; and (c) attention was a significant mediator of the obtained spacing effect, in line with the predictions of the deficient processing account of the spacing effect. Implications for vocabulary learning are discussed.
Antagonism of major histocompatibility complex class II invariant chain peptide during chronic lipopolysaccharide treatment rescues autoregulatory behavior

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation contributes to vascular dysfunction in pathological conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, but the role of chronic TLR4 activation on renal autoregulat...
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Senior High School Students in Selected Private Schools

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among three hundred twenty (320) senior high school students in selected private schools in Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental, Philippines when they are taken as a whole and grouped according to sex, career track, living arrangement and family monthly income. Specifically, it aimed to determine if there is a significant relationship between the level of depression, anxiety, and stress, and demographic profile of the senior high school students. The data were gathered through the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results of the study revealed that there were significant relationships among the selected demographics, namely, between living arrangement and anxiety, and between sex and stress. Results have an implication on the practice of guidance and counseling and in mental health practice. The findings of this study provided baseline information for an enhanced guidance program.