cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chewing the Fat on Tumor Cell Metabolism

Tumor cells undergo a metabolic shift toward specific bioenergetic (glycolysis) and anabolic (protein and lipid synthesis) processes that promote rapid growth. Nomura et al. (2010) now demonstrate that an increase in monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) drives tumorigenesis through the lipolytic release and remodeling of free fatty acids.
Overview of Thoracic Trauma in the United States

The treatment of thoracic trauma continues to evolve over the years. Initial care of these patients is straightforward and often performed adequately by emergency room physicians and general surgeons. Tertiary care of these patients is multidisciplinary in nature, however, and communication with the thoracic surgeon is essential to minimize mortality and long-term morbidity. Improvement in the understanding of the underlying molecular physiologic mechanisms involved in the various traumatic pathologic processes, and the advancement of diagnostic techniques, minimally invasive approaches, and pharmacologic therapy, all continue to contribute to decreasing the morbidity and mortality of these critically injured patients.
Ternary chalcogenide compounds AB2X4: The crystal structures of SiPb2S4 and SiPb2Se4☆

Abstract The crystal structures of SiPb2S4 and SiPb2Se4 were determined from three dimensional X-ray diffraction data collected with Mo radiation. Both structures are monoclinic with space group P2 1 c and 4 formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions for SiPb2S4 are a = 6.4721(5) A, b = 6.6344(9) A, c = 16.832(1) A, and β = 108.805(7)°. For SiPb2Se4, a = 8.5670(2) A, b = 7.0745(3) A, c = 13.6160(3) A, and β = 108.355(3)°. The Si is tetrahedrally coordinated to S and Se with SiS about 2.10 A and SiSe about 2.27 A. The structural framework can be described as consisting of trigonal prisms of S or Se atoms which form a prismatic tube by sharing the triangular faces. These tubes in turn share edges to form corrugated sheets, with the unshared edges projecting alternately on each side of the sheet. The structures are very similar but not identical. In the sulfide one Pb is in sevenfold coordination and the other crystallographically independent Pb is in eightfold coordination. The PbS distances range from 2.82–3.50 A. In SiPb2Se4 both Pb atoms are in sevenfold coordination. PbSe distances range from 2.97 to 3.54 A. In the sulfide the Pb atoms form a zig-zag chain within the channels formed by the prismatic tubes while in the selenide they are in a straight line.
Anti-aging medicine: A patient/practitioner movement to redefine aging

Abstract Having enjoyed tremendous growth for the past 5 years, the anti-aging medicine movement is redefining aging so that it becomes a target for biomedical intervention. Targeting aging for intervention dislodges popular understandings of aging: for anti-aging practitioners it no longer matters if aging is natural since it can be itself the target of therapy. So-called “age-associated” diseases like cancer are, in this framework, conceived of as symptoms of aging. Anti-aging medicine is a broad term that may comprise groups selling remedies over the Internet, companies touting the “anti-aging”ness of their products, practitioners who work outside of scientific medicine, and practitioners of anti-aging medicine in clinics who believe that their work is strictly scientific. This article, drawing from more than 3 years of ethnographic interviews, participant observation in clinics and conferences, and a review of the literature, considers the last group. It examines the involvement stories of anti-aging medicine practitioners in two Western United States metropolitan cities. These stories reflect the practices of anti-aging medicine practitioners and the accompanying rationale for involvement. Often originally patients themselves, practitioners frame their involvement with the anti-aging movement in three ways. First, they describe aging as it is currently experienced as a time of decline, suffering, and weakness. This anguish is not inevitable, they argue, and their work toward treating aging biomedically is situated as clearly moral. Secondly, intense frustration with the current biomedical environment has motivated practitioners to look for other ways in which to practice: anti-aging medicine is their chosen alternative. Finally, with dramatic expectations of future biotechnologies and disdain for current medical treatments of old age, anti-aging practitioners embrace a scientific revolutionary identity. These stories of migrations from patient to practitioner reveal the values upon which this movement is grounded and how coming to be a part of it is as much about the movement's mission as it is the origins of the migrations.
Induction of embryogenic Triticum aestivum L. calli. I: Quantification of genotype and culture medium effects

Somatic embryo (embryoid) formation from immature-embryo-derived calli was quantified in replicated experiments involving 10Triticum aestivum L. genotypes. Several published media formulations, which had previously been optimized for wheat tissue culture, were tested for each genotype. Embryos from each plant were randomly assigned to each medium. Percentage precocious germination of immature embryos and mean percentage scutellar callus per explant were recorded. Embryoids per callus were determined by microscopic examination at 28 and 56 days. There were highly significant differences among genotypes, media, and individual plants from which explants were taken. A medium based on double the Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salt concentration was significantly better than other media. Inclusion of all MS vitamins appeared essential for optimal response. Two genotypes were tested in a second experiment where both 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (9.05 μM) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (0.46 μM) were substituted for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4.52 μM) in either double or normal MS medium. This substitution significantly increased embryoid formation at 28 days. Additions of either 6-furfurylaminopurine or coconut water increased precocious germination of both embryo explants and embryoids.
Practitioner research regarding independent learning in sixth‐form education within eight Bedfordshire schools

The aim of this study was to conduct research about independent learning in post‐16 education in order to assist the author, a teacher and senior leader, with developing college‐wide improvement strategies. The research consisted of observations and surveys of teachers and students at eight schools in Bedfordshire in order to investigate the extent to which students and teachers work towards the creation of deep learning, in the sense defined, discussed and developed by Adey, Entwistle, Dibdin and Deakin‐Crick. The results point to students juggling between deep and surface learning strategies in conjunction with mixed messages from teachers and institutional practices. Conclusions drawn include the recognition that teachers, with the support of senior managers, need to take greater control of the discourse of performance management in order that the rush for examination success does not prove detrimental to the progress of young people.
Calcium-dependent regulation of secretion in biliary epithelial cells: The role of apamin-sensitive SK channels

Background & Aims: Increases in intracellular Ca2+ are thought to complement cAMP in stimulating Cl− secretion in cholangiocytes, although the site(s) of action and channels involved are unknown. We have identified a Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SK2) in biliary epithelium that is inhibited by apamin. The purpose of the present studies was to define the role of SK channels in Ca2+-dependent cholangiocyte secretion. Methods: Studies were performed in human Mz-Cha-1 cells and normal rat cholangiocytes (NRC). Currents were measured by whole-cell patch clamp technique and transepithelial secretion by Ussing chamber. Results: Ca2+-dependent stimuli, including purinergic receptor stimulation, ionomycin, and increases in cell volume, each activated K+-selective currents with a linear IV relation and time-dependent inactivation. Currents were Ca2+ dependent and were inhibited by apamin and by Ba2+. In intact liver, immunoflourescence with an antibody to SK2 showed a prominent signal in cholangiocyte plasma membrane. To evaluate the functional significance, NRC monolayers were mounted in a Ussing chamber, and the short-circuit current (Isc) was measured. Exposure to ionomycin caused an increase in Isc 2-fold greater than that induced by cAMP. Both the basal and ionomycin-induced Isc were inhibited by basolateral Ba2+, and ∼58% of the basolateral K+ current was apamin sensitive. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that cholangiocytes exhibit robust Ca2+-stimulated secretion significantly greater in magnitude than that stimulated by cAMP. SK2 plays an important role in mediating the increase in transepithelial secretion due to increases in intracellular Ca2+. SK2 channels, therefore, may represent a target for pharmacologic modulation of bile flow.
Polycrystalline Plasticity: Application to Earing in Cup Drawing of A12008-T4 Sheet

Ears which develop during the drawing of anisotropic sheets are important defects that form during the production of deep drawn containers
On the conditions for the recording of Leão's spreading depression.

Abstract The following requirements for the optimal recording of Leao's depression were discussed. (1) The corticogram should be led off bipolarly. (2) The distance between the members of each electrode pair should be small. For the rabbit 3 to 4 mm. is the maximum distance for recording complete depression. (3) The leading off conditions should be such that the electrodes pick up only the potentials from their immediate vicinity. When any one of these requirements is not met, the depression may not be seen on the EEG record. It seems possible that in some species the geometry of the cortex and the dimensions of of the overlying structures are such that the above conditions cannot be fully met. Leao's depression is accompanied by a, usually biphasic, slow potential change which precedes the start of the depression by 10 to 40 sec. When the leading off conditions are such that the depression cannot be recorded, this slow potential change may indicate the presence of the mechanism underlying the spreading depression.
Coupling-matrix-based SAW filter design

This paper presents a design method for resonator-type bandpass SAW filters that results in significantly larger bandwidth than what is currently possible with traditional SAW filter synthesis approaches. Unlike traditional lattice/ladder-type SAW filters, this method employs SAW resonators of a single resonant frequency and therefore reduces the complexity of SAW filter design. The proposed coupling-matrix-based SAW resonator models allow for the realization of a custom frequency response using non-custom SAW resonators. Two different implementations, lumped element (LE) and microstrip line (ML), are demonstrated and achieve 3-dB fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 0.197% and 0.1% while the electromechanical coupling coefficients, K t 2 , of the SAW resonators used are 0.132% and 0.049%, respectively.
Quantum dynamics of the relativistic string

The equations characterizing the orthogonal gauge do not restrict the spatial degrees of freedom. This observation leads to Poincar\'e invariance in $s+1$ dimensional space for any $s$. The absence of a tachyonic ground state and of ghosts is derived from algebraic consistency.
Computer Electronic Radiography For Early Detection Of Vascular Disease

A computerized electronic radiography system is being developed for early non-invasive detection, characterization and quantification of atherosclerotic lesions. The method uses a conventional x-ray source combined with a solid state detector system which is coupled to a digital computer for processing and display of the radiographic information. The computer stores and optimizes the image for improved interpretation of the image detail. The computer assisted image enhancement, vessel localization and pattern analysis is an integral part of the instrumentation system. The system has been evaluated in preliminary studies to determine contrast sensitivity, radiation exposure, resolution and diagnostic quality. Even at this early developmental stage of this technique, very low contrasts have been visualized. The arterial images obtained with intravenous injections in dogs have demonstrated the potential of this method for the non-invasive detection and quantification of atherosclerotic disease.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A phase I study of topotecan and gemcitabine in advanced solid tumors.

Purpose Gemcitabine and topotecan are commonly used anti-tumor agents with a wide spectrum of activity in vitro and in vivo. A phase I trial of a combination of these two agents was initiated based on the premise that both gemcitabine and topotecan cause DNA damage and interfere with DNA repair by different mechanisms. Synergism has been demonstrated in vitro when gemcitabine and other topoisomerase I inhibitors have been combined. Patients and Methods Seventeen patients with advanced solid tumors signed consent and were treated on this study with at least one cycle. Treatment consisted of gemcitabine at doses of 400 to 625 mg/m2 days 1 and 5 in combination with topotecan at doses of 0.8 to 1 mg/m2 given on days 2 through 5 every 21 days. Results The dose limiting toxicities of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were reached at the highest dose level of gemcitabine 625 mg/m2 and topotecan 1 mg/m2. A diffuse skin rash was also seen in four treated patients and responded well to treatment with steroids. One partial response and seven stable disease were seen as best response in 16 evaluable patients. Conclusion The combination of gemcitabine and topotecan was found to be tolerable with interesting preliminary activity. The recommended phase II dose for this combination is gemcitabine at 500 mg/m2 on days 1 and 5 with topotecan at 0.8 mg/m2 on days 2 to 5.
Nationalism, Local Histories and the Making of Data in Archaeology

La question d'une influence du contexte sur la production de connaissances archeologiques fait l'objet de vives controverses depuis vingt ans. L'auteur affirme que le contexte social et historique influe sur l'archeologie, au niveau non seulement de l'interpretation mais aussi de la pratique. Elle illustre cette affirmation sur la nature historique des donnees par la comparaison de deux sites paleolithiques d'Europe Centrale, Willendorf et Dolni Vestonice, en analysant la maniere dont les specificites du contexte ont influence dans chaque cas la collecte, l'analyse et la diffusion des collections lithiques dans les reconstitutions regionales. Au-dela de la defiance envers les formes ideologiques plus affirmees de nationalisme, elle conclut que l'histoire locale de l'archeologie et son influence sur la transformation de faits en donnees devraient faire l'objet d'une plus grande attention.
Depth Psychology, Death and the Hermeneutic of Empathy

The paper develops an understanding of empathy by considering the role of time in distinct empathic situations. Beginning with a brief review of the history of the concept of empathy the argument proceeds to the notion that empathy entails the universalization of an individual's experience. This results in the domination of the experience of the other by appeal to what is termed the "always." Depth psychology, especially in Jungian form, shows us that empathy can in fact take this highly negative form by way of projection. The association of empathy and projection brings us to the question of how one confronts the death of the other in an empathic manner. Here the problem of one's individual temporality becomes crucial. In order to retain the unique and the personal experience of one's own death as a prospect in the future it is necessary to overcome any empathic relationship to the person who has died. This necessity gives rise to a hermeneutic of empathy which seeks to overcome the experience of the "always."
Infantile neurogenic muscular atrophy with prolonged survival.

levels in a biracial community in the southern U.S., Am J Hyg 65:271, 1957. 6. Langford HG, and Watson RL: Factors affecting blood pressures in population groups, Trans Assoc Am Physicians 81:135, 1968. 7. Weiss NS, Hamill PVV, and Drizd T: Blood pressure levels of children 6-Ii years: Relationship to age, sex, race and socio-economic status, Dept. of Health and Welfare No. (HRA) 74:1617, Dec. 1973. 8. Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA, Schwertman NC, et al: Blood pressure distributions of urban adolescents, Am J Epidemiol 99:315, 1974. 9. Reichman LB, Cooper BM, Blumenthal S, et al: Hypertension testing among high school students. I. Surveillance procedure and results, J Chronic Dis 28:161, 1975. 10. Johnson AL, Cornoni JC, Cassell JC, et al: Influence of race, sex, and weight on blood pressure behavior in young adults, Am J Cardiol 35:523, 1975. 11. Voors AW, Foster TA, Frerichs RR, et ah Studies of blood pressure in children ages 5-14 years, in a total biracial community. The Bogolusa heart study, Circulation 54:319, i976. 12. Londe S: Blood pressure standards for normal children as determined under office conditions, Clin Pediatr 7:400, 1968. 13. Kirkendall WM, Burton AC, Epstein FH+ and Freis ED: Report of a subcommittee of the Postgraduate Education Committee, American Heart Association. Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers, Circulation 36:980, 1967.
Modelling nutrient retention of a freshwater coastal wetland : estimating the roles of primary productivity, sedimentation, resuspension and hydrology

A simulation model is developed for a coastal wetland of Lake Erie, one of the North American Laurentian Great Lakes, to determine the fate and retention of phosphorus in the wetland as water flows from an agricultural watershed through the wetland and into Lake Erie. Phosphorus retention in the wetland is a desirable to prevent eutrophication of Lake Erie. The model is developed with sub-models for hydrology, productivity, and phosphorus and a simulated barrier beach that can be opened or closed to Lake Erie. A simulation based on 1988 data is calibrated in step-wise fashion. Resuspension is a necessary inclusion in the model to predict phosphorus concentrations in the wetland's water column. Subsequent simulations are made for various combinations of increased flow from the watershed and changing Lake Erie water levels. Phosphorus retention varies from 17 to 52% with highest retention when high inflows are coupled with high lake levels. A nutrient budget constructed from the model for 1988 conditions showed marked differences with budgets developed from empirical models or field data. The model results suggest a near balance between inorganic sedimentation and resuspension but an active plankton sedimentation that results in a net phosphorus retention rate of 2.9 mg P m−2 day −1.
Neurolymphomatosis: A case series of clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcomes

Abstract Background Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare clinical entity characterized by infiltration of malignant lymphocytes into the peripheral nervous system. We analyzed the clinicoradiological features, treatments, and outcomes in NL patients. Methods We identified six patients with NL seen at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 01/2010 to 10/2012. We extracted clinical presentations, imagings, CSF cytology, and electrodiagnostic studies from medical records. One patient had a nerve biopsy. We defined therapy response as clinical improvement of neurological deficits. Findings The mean age at onset was 57.1 years. Most were predominantly men with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Positron emission tomography (PET) was positive in five patients. Nerve conduction demonstrated mononeuritis multiplex, plexopathy, demyelination, and axonal polyradiculoneuropathy, whereas electromyography was nonspecific. All patients received systemic chemotherapy, four intrathecal chemotherapy, and three intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange or both. One patient who received intravenous immunoglobulin showed mild neurological improvement. Two patients responded, and the median overall survival was 15 months. Conclusions NL is an increasingly recognized complication of NHL and leukemia. A high clinical suspicion is necessary for correct diagnosis. In the present series, patients with leukemia had mononeuritis multiplex, whereas those with lymphoma had plexopathy. Electrodiagnosis and PET scans were useful diagnostic tools. No factors correlated with poorer prognosis. International collaborative studies will help to better determine the risk factors of NL, response to treatment and outcomes.
Hierarchy and History in Simon's "Architecture of Complexity"

(2003). Hierarchy and History in Simon's 'Architecture of Complexity' Journal of the Learning Sciences: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 413-426.
A cognitive evaluation of frame-of-reference rater training : Content and process issues

Abstract A multivariate, cognitive evaluation model was used to examine the previously noted effects of frame-of-reference (FOR) training on rating accuracy. The tested model emphasized two content-related issues associated with FOR training: (a) the content of the training itself and the extent that raters agreed with it, which provided an index of the amount of overlap between the theory of performance taught in training and a rater's implicit theory of performance following training; and (b) the content of raters' performance impressions of ratees based on a comprehensive and integrative model of the cognitive representations of persons— Associated Systems Theory (Carlston, 1992, 1994). Undergraduates (N= 172) were trained with FOR or control procedures using two different performance theories, observed and rated videotaped manager performance on three performance dimensions, and engaged in written free-recall of target performance vignettes. A structural model was tested incorporating a latent differential rating accuracy construct. FOR training was associated with higher demonstrated levels of agreement and with changes in ratee representation that were more abstract and more target-referent (i.e., less idiosyncratic) than control training. Agreement was found to be associated with enhanced rating accuracy and more self-referent impressions; however, target-referent impressions were shown to be related to better rating accuracy. Discussion focuses on the interrelated nature of content and process issues in performance appraisal. Using the AST framework, it is also proposed that longstanding manager/subordinate dyads could be expected to benefit the most from FOR training.
Artwork Mask Generation Of Convex/Concave Regions

The geometries of semiconductor photomasks often incorporate complex regions in the definition of diffusion windows. This paper presents a technique for the computer generation of the master artwork for such photomask patterns. Given the perimeter definition of a convex mask region, a general technique for filling in the region is developed. This technique is then extended to include any convex/concave shaped region. An algorithm that permits optimal photoplotter aperture selection is then introduced. Combining this algorithm with this general technique provides an effective method of automatic mask generation.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Challenge of global climate change: prospects for a new energy paradigm.

Perspectives on the challenge posed by potential future climate change are presented including a discussion of prospects for carbon capture followed either by sequestration or reuse including opportunities for alternatives to the use of oil in the transportation sector. The potential for wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuel energy as a source of electricity is outlined including the related opportunities for cost effective curtailment of future growth in emissions of CO2.
Modeling the exhumation path of partially melted ultrahigh-pressure metapelites, North-East Greenland Caledonides

Abstract Pseudosection modeling constrains the pressure–temperature (P–T) exhumation path of partially melted ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metapelites exposed in the North-East Greenland UHP terrane. A robust peak P and T estimate of 3.6 GPa and 970 °C based on mineral assemblages in nearby kyanite eclogites is the starting point for the P–T path. Although the peak assemblage for the metapelite is not preserved, the calculated modeled peak assemblage contained substantial clinopyroxene, garnet, phengite, K-feldspar and coesite with minor kyanite and rutile. Combining the pseudosection and observed textures, the decompression path crosses the coesite-quartz transition before reaching the dry phengite dehydration melting reaction where phengite is abruptly consumed. In the range of 2.5 to 2.2 GPa, clinopyroxene is completely consumed and garnet grows to its maximum volume and grossular content, matching the high grossular rims of relict megacrysts. Plagioclase joins the assemblage and the pseudosection predicts up to 12–13 vol.% melt in the supersolidus assemblage, which contained garnet, liquid, K-feldspar, plagioclase, kyanite, quartz and rutile. At this stage, the steep decompression path flattened out and became nearly isobaric. The melt crystallization assemblage that formed when the path crossed the solidus with decreasing temperature contains phengite, garnet, biotite, 2 feldspars, kyanite, quartz and rutile. Therefore, the path must have intersected the solidus at approximately 1.2 GPa, 825 °C. The pseudosection predicts that garnet is consumed on the cooling path, but little evidence of late garnet consumption or other retrograde effects is observed. This may be due to partial melt loss from the rock. Isochemical PT–n and PT–X sections calculated along the P–T path display changes in mineral assemblage and composition that are consistent with preserved assemblages.
Some Influences of Carbon in Enameling of Steel

Analyses of the gases produced by carbon-bearing ferrous materials, fired in an oxidizing environment with or without enamel bisque, are correlated with the enameling properties and the microstructures of the materials. Total carbon content, or total volume of carbon oxides producible in designated circumstances, is not a reliable guide to enameling behavior form and distribution of the carbide phase are critically significant. A vacuum system for extraction and analysis of gases is described.
On the Stefan problem with volumetric energy generation

This paper presents results of solid–liquid phase change, driven by volumetric energy generation (VEG), in a vertical cylinder. We show excellent agreement between a quasi-static, approximate analytical solution valid for Stefan numbers less than one, and a computational model solved using the computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT®. A computational study also shows the effect that the VEG has on both the mushy zone thickness and convection in the melt during phase change.
Objective measure of the dynamics of a visual movement illusion.

Apparent movement in peripheral vision can be induced by sequential flashing of two dots that are spatially unresolved. Subjects used this illusion to make forced-choice estimates of the directional sequence of the two dots. Performance at this task defines spatiotemporal conditions that induce the illusion without reliance upon subjective distinctions of "movement" from "successivity" and "simultaneity." The dynamics of the illusion, defined in this way, are measured and compared with those for after-flash inhibition and the perception of real movement.
Ultrasound attenuation of the os calcis in women with osteoporosis and hip fractures.

Bone ultrasound attenuation of the calcaneus, and vertebral and femoral bone density measured by dual photon absorption were determined in 22 women with osteoporosis, 10 women with hip fractures, and 29 normal, age-matched controls to determine the utility of the ultrasound technique as an indicator of axial osteopenia. Vertebral and femoral neck density and bone ultrasound attenuation were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the women with osteoporosis and those with hip fractures. The sensitivity and specificity of bone ultrasound attenuation was 80% at a value of 50 dB/MHz. At 90% specificity the sensitivity of bone ultrasound attenuation was 65%. The results of this pilot study suggest that ultrasound attenuation, a safe, simple, and radiation-free procedure, may be utilized as an indicator of decreased axial bone mass.
Genetic characterization of a leaf margin necrosis mutant in wild annual soybean (Glycine soja)

A leaf margin necrosis mutant was observed in a wild annual soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) population from South Korea. Genetic studies showed that it was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, designatedlmn. TheLmn locus segregated independently of theAp, Dial, Dia3, Idh2, Pgi1 andTi isozyme loci.
Leveraging concept-based approaches to identify potential phyto-therapies

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Plant-based therapies ("phyto-therapies") may be described in biomedical literature.This study aimed to identify and rank potential phyto-therapies in MEDLINE.Both a direct and an inferred approach were used to identify phyto-therapies.Results suggest promise for concept-based approaches to identify phyto-therapies. The potential of plant-based remedies has been documented in both traditional and contemporary biomedical literature. Such types of text sources may thus be sources from which one might identify potential plant-based therapies ("phyto-therapies"). Concept-based analytic approaches have been shown to uncover knowledge embedded within biomedical literature. However, to date there has been limited attention towards leveraging such techniques for the identification of potential phyto-therapies. This study presents concept-based analytic approaches for the retrieval and ranking of associations between plants and human diseases. Focusing on identification of phyto-therapies described in MEDLINE, both MeSH descriptors used for indexing and MetaMap inferred UMLS concepts are considered. Furthermore, the identification and ranking consider both direct (i.e., plant concepts directly correlated with disease concepts) and inferred (i.e., plant concepts associated with disease concepts based on shared signs and symptoms) relationships. Based on the two scoring methodologies used in this study, it was found that a Vector Space Model approach outperformed probabilistic reliability based inferences. An evaluation of the approach is provided based on therapeutic interventions catalogued in both ClinicalTrials.gov and NDF-RT. The promising findings from this feasibility study highlight the challenges and applicability of concept-based analytic strategies for distilling phyto-therapeutic knowledge from text based knowledge sources like MEDLINE.
Correlates of changes in leisure time physical activity over 2 years: the Healthy Worker Project.

Abstract Background.This study is the first to examine associations between concurrent changes in demographics, health behaviors, and physical activity in a free-living cohort of adults. Methods.Surveys were conducted at 32 worksites (n= 3,672 workers) before and after a 2-year health promotion intervention. Associations between concurrent changes in sociodemographics, health, health behaviors, and physical activity were examined. Characteristics of individuals were also examined in four extreme physical activity change groupings: consistently very active, consistently very inactive, and changing from one extreme to the other over time. Results.Among women, being married was associated with consistently low levels of physical activity, and increases in education were associated with increases in physical activity. Among both men and women, maintenance of single marital status was associated with increased physical activity levels, and increases in BMI were associated with decreases in physical activity. Increases in high-fat/calorie food intake were associated with increases in physical activity among men, but not among women. Conclusion.The observed associations indicate factors that may be important for understanding decreases in physical activity. The dynamic associations between changes in sociodemographics and physical activity demonstrate the need to examine changes in sociodemographics over time, rather than at only a single time point.
Everything a health professional needs to know about genetics

The audience of this book, as identified by the authors, is any health professional who has an interest in genetics. The book has a number of useful components, including the use of cases to illustrate the various points, key practice points, the use of self-test questions at the end of the chapters, and a listing of further resources. For example, early on in the book there is a section on dealing with unexpected information when taking a family history. In this example, the male partner of a couple who comes for genetic counseling because of the birth of a child with ocular albinism is unexpectedly suspected to have Marfan syndrome (which had previously not been diagnosed in him or his family members). The vignette then goes on to describe how the advanced practice nurse seeing this family approaches this possibility, and the family's response.
Photoconductivity and photoluminescence of amorphous materials in the model of fluctuating band-gap semiconductor alloys

Abstract The basic characteristics of photoconductivity (PC) and photoluminescence (PL) of amorphous materials are discussed in the fluctuating band-gap model of semiconductor alloys (SA) with long-range compositional and impurity density fluctuations.
Oscillator strength of the barium 6s6p 1 P 1 –6s5d 1 D 2 transition inferred from photodeflection efficiency*

The oscillator strength of the 6s6p1P1–6s5d1D2 transition in barium has been inferred from the efficiency of laser deflection of an atomic beam. The result, f ≤ 0.0034, is a large correction to the previously accepted experimental value of f = 0.1, although it agrees reasonably well with recent theoretical work.
The construct of a high-level computer language for programmable assembly

Abstract In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to developing and extending programming languages for manipulation of computer-controlled robotic arms for various tasks. The present trend is to develop high-level languages that simplify the programming task so that they can be used by a less well-trained person with ease and speed. In this article, the information required for assembly is examined and a construct of a new computer language is proposed. An example of a computer program using the proposed language for assembling a pencil sharpener is given. This program is compared with similar program written in another language currently being developed and extended.
Comparison of Intravenous Ganciclovir Followed by Oral Acyclovir with Intravenous Ganciclovir Alone for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein- Barr Virus Disease After Liver Transplantation in Children

A randomized trial was performed to compare the sequential use of 2 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir (10 mg/[kg.d]) followed by 50 weeks of high-dose oral acyclovir (800 mg/m2 four times daily) with 2 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir alone as prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disease after pediatric liver transplantation. CMV disease was diagnosed for seven of 24 patients treated with ganciclovir followed by high-dose oral acyclovir compared with two of 24 children treated with ganciclovir alone (P = .048). Similarly, the rate of CMV disease among high-risk patients (CMV-positive donor/CMV-negative recipient) treated with the combination regimen was higher than that among high-risk patients treated with ganciclovir alone (four [57%] of seven vs. zero of five, respectively; vs P < .05). The rate of EBV disease among patients treated with the combination regimen (eight [33%] of 24) was similar to that among patients treated with ganciclovir alone (five [21%] of 24; P = not significant). We conclude that sequential prophylaxis with 2 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir followed by 50 weeks of high-dose oral acyclovir did not decrease the frequency of CMV or EBV disease after pediatric liver transplantation when compared with 2 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir alone.
Synthesis of bis-thiolato-bridged Ru(III) dimers. The crystal structure of [Ru(H2edta)(μ-SC6H5)]2

Reaction of thiophenol with K[Ru(Hedta)Cl] results in the formation of a bis-thiolato-bridged Ru(III)−Ru(III) dimer (II) possessing a Ru−Ru single bond (2.866(1) A) for which the crystal structure is presented.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties in aqueous solution of poly(starch-g-[1-amido-ethylene)-co-(sodium 1-(2-methylprop-2N-yl-1-sulfonate)amidoethylene)])

Graft terpolymers of starch, 2-propenamide, and sodium 2-methyl-3-imino-4-oxohex-5-ene-1-sulfonate can be made by cerium-IV-initiated, free-radical polymerization of an aqueous monomer mixture on starch. Synthesis is conducted on aqueous, gelled, lintnerized potato starch at 30°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Yields range from 50 to 100 wt % and products contain 9–52 wt % starch, 1–51 wt % 1-acidoethylene, and 18–65 wt % sodium 1-(2-methylprop-2N-yl-1-sulfonate)amidoethylene. Repeat unit ratios in the reaction product approximate monomer ratios in the reaction mixture. Fraction of starch grafted in a reaction decreases as the mole fraction of sulfonated monomer in the reaction mixture increases. No proof has been found for grafting of synthetic side chains to starch in monomer mixtures containing only sulfonated monomer. Starch graft copolymers with side chains composed of 1-amidoethylene units and a sulfonated 1-amidoethylene unit derivative, 1-(sodium[2-methylprop-2N-yl-1-sulfonate])amidoethylene, are water-soluble, thickening agents. The rheology of solutions of these copolymers is a function of the ratio of nonsulfonated to sulfonated repeat units in the synthetic chains of the molecule. Aqueous solutions of these products are shear thinning and have power law exponents which decrease 1) with increasing product concentration or 2) as the nonsulfonated to sulfonated repeat unit ratio moves toward 3/1. Limiting viscosity number of product in water decreases with increasing shear rate of measurement or with increasing salt concentration of the solvent. Formulas are derived from the theories of Kirkwood and Flory which show that for copolymers with constant molecular weight, expansion coefficient, and limiting viscosity number increase as the fraction of sulfonate-containing repeat units in the chain increase. This theoretical requirement and the limiting viscosity data for groups of samples prepared under identical synthesis conditions are used to show that molecular weight of the graft copolymer decreases as the fraction of sulfonated repeat units in the copolymer increases. Screen factor measurements show product solutions to be viscoelastic.
Exchange coupling in Co/Cu/Co sandwiches studied by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy

Abstract The evolution of the magnetic domain structure of Co/Cu/Co sandwiches epitaxially grown on a W(1 1 0) surface under UHV conditions is studied in situ by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy as a function of the Cu spacer and Co top layer thickness in the thickness range from 2 to 9 monolayers Cu and 1 to 7 monolayers Co. The various coupling modes are correlated with the microstructure of the layers as observed by low energy electron microscopy.
Success with an automated computer control system

Abstract LLNL has successfully implemented a distributed computer control system for automated operation of an FN tandem accelerator. The control system software utilized is the Thaumaturgic Automated Control Logic (TACL) written by the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility and co-developed with LLNL. Using TACL, accelerator components are controlled through CAMAC using a two-tiered structure. Analog control and measurement are at 12 or 16 bit precision as appropriate. Automated operation has been implemented for several nuclear analytical techniques including hydrogen depth profiling and accelerator mass Spectrometry. An additional advantage of TACL lies in its expansion capabilities. Without disturbing existing control definitions and algorithms, additional control algorithms and display functions can be implemented quickly.
Late Eocene age of Fayum mammal faunas

Abstract Re-evaluation of the stratigraphic boundaries of the non-marine Jebel Qatrani Formation (Fayum, Egypt) indicates that the entire formation should be dated to Late Eocene, Priabonian age. The Bartonian shallow-marine microfaunas in the immediately underlying formations are now assigned to the Middle Eocene, suggesting that the subsequent transition to coastal-plain deposition is best placed in the lower part of the Upper Eocene. The erosional surface at the top of the Jebel Qatrani correlates to the global hiatus in inner-shelf sequences which was initiated by eustatic decline at the end of the Eocene. Paleontology supports a late Eocene age for the Jebel Qatrani fauna, in that the fossil mammals show no signs of the radical modernization of African faunas that took place in the early to middle Oligocene.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Nematic Melt of a p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid/2-Hydroxy-6-naphthoic Acid Liquid Crystalline Copolyester

A molecular dynamics simulation has been carried out on a model for the nematic melt phase of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer of the Vectra type, a 70/30 random copolymer of p-hydroxybenz...
Goodness‐of‐fit Test in Parametric Time Series Models

A goodness-of-fit test is proposed which uses nonparametric curve estimation methods to investigate the fit of parametric models for the spectral density. A test of the null hypothesis that the function has parametric form is considered with a test statistic which compares parametric estimates and nonparametric kernel estimates of the function and its derivatives at a preselected number of points. An important issue for the nonparametric estimator is bandwidth choice, and we propose a data-adaptive method for local bandwidth choice. Under the null hypothesis, asymptotically the test statistic has a χ2 distribution. Some practical issues are discussed.
Challenges and new approaches to program analysis

Program analysis, originally developed for code optimization, have recently been used to automate parallelization, debugging, security vulnerability detection, and program comprehension. These more complex tasks require that deep global knowledge, such as pointer alias analysis and path-sensitive information, be extracted across whole programs. This talk discusses the challenges we face and some new approaches to these problems.
Response of annual plants and communities to tilling in a semi-arid temperate savanna

. Despite the obvious importance of savannas, the response of semi-arid temperate savannas to disturbance has hardly been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the response of annual plants and vegetation to severe disturbance (tilling) in the grassland phase of a semi-arid savanna characterized by perennial bunchgrasses. Most species of annual plants responded positively to tilling; however, 25% of the species did not respond or responded negatively. Response of plants and vegetation was more strongly influenced by precipitation than disturbance, even for the severe disturbance used in this study. Tilling-induced differences were negligible during a relatively dry year. Response of annuals to disturbance in semi-arid temperate savannas may not be consistent with response in other systems.
Modification of the Woodruff–Stamper assay demonstrates binding of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to retinal vascular endothelium

In the human host, infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, most commonly involves the eye and/or the brain. Previous work indicates a relative susceptibility of the human retinal vascular endothelium to infection with the T. gondii tachyzoite, which may contribute to this tissue localization. To facilitate the investigation of potential adhesive interactions between parasite and endothelium in the retina, we have modified the Woodruff-Stamper assay, originally described to study lymphocytic-endothelial binding. Vascular endothelium was identified in sections of human retina by Alexa Fluor 594-tagged anti-von Willebrand factor antibody. Binding of yellow fluorescent protein-expressing tachyzoites to endothelium under conditions of flow, simulated by rotation on an orbital shaker, was quantified in a masked fashion using imaging software. We observed multiple yellow spots in contact with Alexa Fluor 594-positive retina, indicating binding of T. gondii tachyzoites to retinal vascular endothelium. This modification of the Woodruff-Stamper assay provides an opportunity to evaluate potential host receptors for T. gondii on the retinal vascular endothelium. In addition, the assay suggests a methodology that could be used to examine adhesion of other microbes to microvasculature in different tissues.
MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM EFFECTS IN A LIQUID-HELIUM DROP.

Abstract It is shown that under certain conditions a small liquid helium drop displays quantum phase coherence throughout its volume. Under these conditions there is a condensation into a state of definite angular momentum that can be measured by macroscopic means.
Organizing hematoma mimicking brain tumor

A 64-year-old man was referred to our hospital with progressive loss of function in his right upper and lower extremities. Unenhanced computed tomographic showed a high-density nodular lesion in the left basal ganglion with surrounding hypoattenuation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a predominantly cystic mass with multiple internal septa and an eccentric solid component showing enhancement. Histological examination revealed organizing blood clot and piloid gliosis. This unusual appearance of a mass-like organizing blood clot should be considered in the differential diagnosis when an encapsulated cystic mass with nodular component following the signal characteristics of old blood on MRI is encountered.
MRI confirms mild cognitive impairments prodromal for Alzheimer's, vascular and Parkinson-Lewy body dementias.

Abstract Objectives MRI assessments were correlated with serial Combined Mini-Mental Cognitive Capacity Screening Examinations (CMC). Vascular-MCI (VMCI), Neurodegenerative MCI (NMCI) and Parkinson-Lewy body MCI (PLB-MCI) were compared during conversions to dementia. Mild cognitive impairments (MCI) are identifiable prodromes for all dementia subtypes. MRI abnormalities are characterized among MCI subjects prodromal for dementia of Alzheimer's disease (DAT), vascular dementia (VaD) and Parkinson-Lewy body dementia (PLBD). Methods Aging volunteers ( n = 166) were recruited from ongoing longitudinal studies of aging, stroke, cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Cognitively normal (CN, n = 52), MCIs of neurodegenerative (N-MCI, n = 30), vascular (V-MCI, n = 35) and Parkinson-Lewy Body (PLB-MCI, n = 8) subtypes, plus converted DAT ( n = 19), VaD ( n = 17) and PLBD ( n = 5) were all diagnosed according to established protocol recommendations. Cerebral MRI abnormalities were likewise intercorrelated utilizing quantitative volumetric measurements. Results V-MCI and converted VaD showed extensive leukoaraiosis with more lacunar infarcts than subjects with N-MCI or PLB-MCI. N-MCI, prodromal for DAT, showed medial temporal atrophy, greater enlargement of temporal horns, and fewer vascular lesions. PLB-MCI, prodromal for PLBD, displayed third ventricular enlargement greater than N-MCI and V-MCI, with similar but less severe atrophy of medial temporal lobe than N-MCI and fewer vascular lesions than V-MCI. Cognitive Impairments due to PLB with vascular features (V-PLB-CI) showed more lacunar and microvascular lesions involving both white matter and basal ganglia with greater frontal horn enlargement. Conclusions This study confirms different MCI subtypes prior to conversion to different dementias listed, recognizable by specific MRI abnormalities.