cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 38 GHz cellular outage study for an urban outdoor campus environment

Wireless systems require increasingly large system bandwidths that are only available at millimeter-wave frequencies. Such spectrum bands offer the potential for multi-gigabit-per-second data rates to low-cost massively broadband® devices. To enable mobile outdoor millimeter-wave cellular-type applications, it is necessary to determine the coverage potential of base stations in real-world environments. This paper presents the results of a measurement campaign of 38 GHz outdoor urban cellular channels using directional antennas at both the mobile and the base station, and assesses outage probabilities at two separate transmitter locations on the campus of The University of Texas at Austin. Our measurements demonstrate the viability of directional antennas and site-specific planning for future mm-wave cellular, and show that cell radii of ∼ 200 M will provide a very high probability of coverage in an urban environment. As production costs for millimeter-wave technologies continue to fall [1], we envision millimeter-wave cellular systems with dense base station deployments as a cost effective means of delivering multi-Gbps data rates to mobile cell phone and internet users.
A Classification Method for User-Independent Intent Recognition for Transfemoral Amputees Using Powered Lower Limb Prostheses

Powered lower limb prosthesis technologies hold the promise of providing greater ability and mobility to transfemoral amputees. Intent recognition systems for these devices may allow amputees to perform automatic, seamless transitions between locomotion modes. Prior studies in which pattern recognition algorithms have been trained to recognize subject-specific patterns within device-mounted sensor data have shown the feasibility of such systems. While effective, these strategies require substantial training regimens. To reduce this training burden, we developed and evaluated user-independent intent recognition systems. A novel mode-specific classification system was developed that allowed each locomotion transition to be statistically considered its own class. Various pattern recognition algorithms were trained with sensor data from a pool of eight lower limb amputees and performance was tested using data on a novel subject. For both user-dependent and user-independent classification, mode-specific classification reduced error ( ${\rm p} ) on transitional steps by $\sim {\hbox{50}}\%$ without affecting steady-state classification. Incorporating sensor time history and level-ground walking data from the novel subject into the training data resulted in decreasing errors ( ${\rm p} ) on steady-state classification by over 60% without affecting transitional error. These strategies were combined to demonstrate significant overall system improvements from baseline conditions presented in prior research.
Weekly alendronate versus risedronate for postmenopausal osteoporosis--is there a difference?

Weekly alendronate versus risedronate for postmenopausal osteoporosis—is there a difference?
A thermochemical study of ceria: exploiting an old material for new modes of energy conversion and CO2 mitigation.

We present a comprehensive thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the suitability of cerium oxide (ceria) for thermochemical fuel production. Both portions of the two-step cycle, (i) oxygen release from the oxide at 1773 and 1873 K under inert atmosphere, and (ii) hydrogen release upon hydrolysis at 1073 K, are examined theoretically as well as experimentally. We observe gravimetric fuel productivity that is in quantitative agreement with equilibrium, thermogravimetric studies of ceria. Despite the non-stoichiometric nature of the redox cycle, in which only a portion of the cerium atoms change their oxidation state, the fuel productivity of 8.5–11.8 ml of H2 per gram of ceria is competitive with that of other solid-state thermochemical cycles currently under investigation. The fuel production rate, which is also highly attractive, at a rate of 4.6–6.2 ml of H_2 per minute per gram of ceria, is found to be limited by a surface-reaction step rather than by ambipolar bulk diffusion of oxygen through the solid ceria. An evaluation of the thermodynamic efficiency of the ceria-based thermochemical cycle suggests that, even in the absence of heat recovery, solar-to-fuel conversion efficiencies of 16 to 19 per cent can be achieved, assuming a suitable method for obtaining an inert atmosphere for the oxygen release step.
Comparison of 5 types of interocclusal recording materials on the accuracy of articulation of digital models.

Introduction One method of articulating digital models is to use a digitized interocclusal record. However, the accuracy of different interocclusal record materials to articulate digital models has yet to be evaluated. Methods A plastic typodont was modified with reference points for interarch measurements and articulated in maximum intercuspal position on a semiadjustable hinge articulator. Twenty-five interocclusal records of each of the 5 experimental materials (Regisil Rigid, Dentsply, York, Pa; Futar Scan, Kettenbach, Huntington Beach, Calif; Byte Right, Motion View Software, Chattanooga, Tenn; Aluwax, Aluwax Dental Products, Allendale, Mich; and Beauty Pink wax, Miltex, York, Pa) were made on the mounted typodont and digitized using an Ortho Insight 3D laser surface scanner (Motion View Software). Motion View Software was used to articulate the digital models by matching points from the models to the digitized interocclusal records. The distances between corresponding interarch markers were measured and compared with the measurements taken on the physical typodont (gold standard). Results Polyvinyl siloxane materials were significantly more likely to lead to successful articulation than were the other interocclusal record materials. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the bite registration material on the probability of success of the articulation ( P Conclusions Polyvinyl siloxane is a more accurate interocclusal recording material when articulating digital models according to the process described in this study. Using a bite registration to articulate digital models should be considered the first step in the articulation process, with a likely residual need to manipulate the models manually.
Selection of a processor for a portable MaxiCode reader

In developing a portable device capable of capturing and decoding the two-dimensional MaxiCode symbology, the authors researched and benchmarked several microprocessors. The processor had to be able to quickly execute DSP algorithms, including FFT's and filters. It needed to be small, inexpensive, and have low power consumption. Ease of software development was also a consideration. It may come as a surprise to some that a RISC processor was selected rather than a DSP chip. >
Multiple effective fields created by a periodic irradiation of radiofrequency field in NMR

A theory is presented to calculate multiple effective radiofrequency RF fields created by a periodic irradiation of a RF field. It is shown that a periodic irradiation of an RF field to a spin system in a strong magnetic field is equivalent to an irradiation by an infinite number of symmetrically amplitude-scaled and anti-symmetrically phase-shifted RF fields equally spaced in the frequency domain. The sidebands of the excitation profile are therefore symmetrical in amplitude and < .< anti-symmetrical in phase. Applications of the theory to a v sin p trDt shaped pulse and a DANTE pulse are shown to 1 x
Simulation of Huntington's disease onset.

Previous investigators have noted that the type of sampling scheme used to study the natural history of Huntington's disease can affect the observed age of onset distribution. Simulated data are presented to demonstrate that bias is introduced when onset characteristics derived from prevalence samples (i.e., samples of affected individuals alive in the population) are used to evaluate cofactors of disease onset and to compute genetic risk estimates for persons "at risk" of developing the disease. This study demonstrates that prevalence sampling underestimates the proportion of Huntington's disease cases in the population with later onset ages. Using plausible values for onset time, duration, and life expectancy, simulation results suggest that the paternal transmission effect on Huntington's disease onset is overestimated when based on prevalence data.
Prediction of a 12-residue loop in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor: effects of buried water.

The x-ray conformations of 5-, 7-, 9-, and 12-residue loops in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) were predicted by the use of multiple independent Monte Carlo simulating annealing (MCSA) runs starting from random conformations. Four buried water molecules interacted with a 12-residue loop that started at residue 8 and ended at residue 19, and that included the binding region. The final conformation at the end of an MCSA run was characterized. Solvation free energy based on the solvent accessible surface area was included in the energy function at low simulated annealing temperatures. Conformational states were interactively separated by a recently developed algorithm. Computed loops were characterized in terms of total energy, and backbone and side chain root mean square deviations (RMSDs) between computed native loop conformations and the x-ray conformation. The 12-residue loop was computed with and without buried water [called WL12(8–19) and L12(8–19), respectively]. The backbone was reliably and reproducibly computed to within 1.1 A in L12(8–19) and 0.9 A in WL12(8–19). L12(8–19) required significantly more MCSA runs to achieve the same level of reproducibility as WL12(8–19). Based on the size of the cluster of low energy native loop conformations, and the computational effort, WL12(8–19) had greater entropy. In calculations of 7-, 9-, and 12-residue loops without buried water, the effects of buried water became obvious in the 12-residue loop calculation, which interacted with all four buried water molecules. Nearly all conformations of the native loop conformer had a hydrogen bond between the Lys 15 side chain and the backbone of Gly 12, Pro 13, and Cys 14, which may have implications in the rate of exchange of buried water with bulk solvent and in protein folding. The present version of MCSA program was more efficient than earlier versions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers 58: 359–373, 2001
Diabetes awareness and prevention: A lifestyle based pilot program in Qatar schools

Abstract Diabetes is widely prevalent in the Middle East. Its incidence and prevalence are on the rise in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) nations. In Qatar, the World Health Organization estimates that diabetes accounts directly for 7% of total deaths, while cardiovascular diseases account for 23% [1], both of which are related to lifestyle factors. Risk factors for diabetes are fairly well established. But it is worrisome that they are becoming more prevalent. However, it is reassuring to know that the disease can be prevented or its onset delayed by adopting healthy life style factors. Examples of these factors include healthy diet and adequate physical activity [2]. The World Health Organization has identified that "Education is a cornerstone of diabetes care and prevention" [2]. Thus, providing education to all segments of society is imperative. It is well recognized that lifestyle habits conducive to good health are formed in childhood and adolescence [3]. Therefore, educating children and adolesc...
The Thucydidean element in the speeches of the Mytilenaean debate : History 3.37 - 48

The problem of defining the precise relationship between Thucydides’ speeches and their exemplars has recently been characterized as “one of the central problems that confronts the ancient historian”.1 It is true that in spite of generations of careful work, and despite Thucydides’ own methodological comments which purport to explain the issue, the problem endures.2 Are the addresses bequeathed to us in the History essentially the historian’s own handiwork, or are they, for all intents and purposes, accurate synopses of the actual speeches? Moderates in this debate may wish to note that proponents of both of the above positions generally have a foot in the other camp as well, the former being wisely unwilling to deny the speeches all historicity, the latter being warned by Thucydides’ own words that verbatim accounts were impossible to obtain and reproduce (1.22.1), so that in this respect, at any rate, some consensus might be claimed.3 The exact point, however, at which the speeches depart from historical reality, or just what that element of non-reality or its purpose might be, continue to be matters of disagreement.
Are families prepared for discharge from the NICU

Objective:(1) Quantify and compare the family's and the nurse's perception regarding the family's discharge preparedness. (2) Determine which elements contribute to a family's discharge preparedness.
Analysis of the Double Output Induction Generator Using Direct Three-phase Model Part I - Commutation Angle Analysis

This paper investigates the overlap angle of the bridge rectifier for the variable speed constant frequency double output induction generator VSCF-DOIG that has a dc-link converter in its rotor circuit. A direct three-phase model for the VSCF-DOIG during the commutation and interlude intervals is set forth. This model takes into consideration the machine resistances, mutual inductances and machine electric transients. Using this model, the overlap angle for different slip values was found.
Manipulating Verbal Behavior in Groups: A Comparison of Three Intervention Techniques:

Verbal conditioning, beginning wich Greenspoon ( 195O), has become well established as an area of investigation (Krasner, 1958; Salzinger, 1959). Cenual to verbal conditioning is the concept of reinforcement, defined as an event following a response which alters the strength of that response. Following a response, interventions such as "good," "urn-hum," etc. have been established empirically as reinforcers. The effect of an intervention (question) designed to elicit the response at times when it does not occur "spontaneously" is not so well documented. Although it may alter the strength of the response, an elicitation does not fit the above definition of reinforcement. And it has received little systematic attention from investigators in the area of verbal conditioning." Dinoff, Horner, Kurpiewski, and Timmons (1960a, b) have reported the verbal conditioning of individuals in a group situation using techniques of elicitation and reinforcement. Since the interventions by E were not examined, it is not known whether their positive results stem from elicitation, reinforcement, or a combination of the two. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine carefully the concept of reinforcement as it applies co verbal behavior in a group situation. Experimenter interventions are arbitrarily classified as Elicitation, Reinforcement, or Elicitation Plus Reinforcement.
The acquisition of accent marks in L2 French : The effects of keyboarding and text format

Sturm and Golato (in press) and Sturm (2006) found a wide range of variance on recall tests within groups of university students who practiced a list of accent-bearing target words one of three ways: handwriting, typing using preprogrammed function keys, or typing using ALT+ numeric codes. These results contradict the results of Gascoigne (2000, 2006a, 2006b), who found that students who typed a paragraph recalled accents better than those who wrote the paragraph by hand. The present study seeks to explore the difference between Sturm and Golato (in press) and Sturm (2006) and Gascoigne-Lally (2000): format of presentation of the target items; paragraph or word list. Results suggest that typing does lead to increased recall, but only when participants practice items in paragraph form.
Diffuse gas emissions at the Ukinrek Maars, Alaska: Implications for magmatic degassing and volcanic monitoring

Abstract Diffuse CO 2 efflux near the Ukinrek Maars, two small volcanic craters that formed in 1977 in a remote part of the Alaska Peninsula, was investigated using accumulation chamber measurements. High CO 2 efflux, in many places exceeding 1000 g m −2 d −1 , was found in conspicuous zones of plant damage or kill that cover 30,000–50,000 m 2 in area. Total diffuse CO 2 emission was estimated at 21–44 t d −1 . Gas vents 3-km away at The Gas Rocks produce 0.5 t d −1 of CO 2 that probably derives from the Ukinrek Maars basalt based on similar δ 13 C values (∼−6‰), 3 He/ 4 He ratios (5.9–7.2 R A ), and CO 2 / 3 He ratios (1–2 × 10 9 ) in the two areas. A lower 3 He/ 4 He ratio (2.7 R A ) and much higher CO 2 / 3 He ratio (9 × 10 10 ) in gas from the nearest arc-front volcanic center (Mount Peulik/Ugashik) provide a useful comparison. The large diffuse CO 2 emission at Ukinrek has important implications for magmatic degassing, subsurface gas transport, and local toxicity hazards. Gas–water–rock interactions play a major role in the location, magnitude and chemistry of the emissions.
On the Generation and Propagation of Shock Waves From Apollo Rockets at Orbital Altitudes

Summary Acoustic signals from Apollo rockets at orbital altitude (188 km) appear to be explainable with the assumption that the exhaust plume serves as a conical body of large cross-section moving supersonically with the rocket. The presence of the surface signal (1.3 Hz and higher) implies that propagation in the upper atmosphere occurred as an N-wave shock cone without the strong attenuation to which an acoustic wave or even a saw-toothed (shocked) wave of similar frequency would be subjected. The shock cone does not attenuate because energy is continually re-supplied along the shock cone from the vehicle and its plume acting as a piston. Calculated overpressures do not reduce to acoustic amplitudes until the wave is below 40 km where acoustic attenuation becomes negligible.
Collective effects in the NLC damping ring designs

In this paper, we give an overview of collective effects and related issues in the damping rings for the NLC. The main damping ring will have a maximum average current of 1 A in four bunch trains which are separated by 60-80 ns, allowing the fast kickers to inject and extract individual trains. Each bunch train consists of 75-90 bunches, separated by 1.4 ns, with a maximum bunch population of 1.5/spl times/10/sup 10/. Because of the large average current, coupled bunch instabilities are a potential problem; these can be driven by the ring impedance or by a collective beam-ion instability. In addition, because the ring has a very small momentum compaction and synchrotron tune, potential well distortion and the microwave instability could be important. Finally, because of the very small beam emittances, the intrabeam scattering is significant. In the next sections, we will describe the present state of our calculations. We begin by describing the vacuum chamber design and RF cavities. We then discuss the longitudinal and transverse coupled bunch instabilities, the potential well distortion and the microwave instability, and finally, mode-coupling, ion effects, and intrabeam scattering.
Uses and requirements of ecological niche models and related distributional models

Modeling approaches that relate known occurrences of species to landscape features to discover ecological properties and predict geographic occurrences have seen extensive recent application in ecology, systematics, and conservation. A key component in this process is estimation or characterization of species' distributions in ecological space, which can then be useful in understanding their potential distributions in geographic space. Hence, this process is often termed ecological niche modeling or (less boldly) species distribution modeling. Applications of this approach vary widely in their aims, products, and requirements; this variety is reviewed herein, examples are provided, and differences in data needs and possible interpretations are discussed.
Low‐Cost Apparatus for On‐Site Monitoring of Methane in Ground Water

An upsurge in oil- and gas-well drilling in northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York has been accompanied by several incidents of contamination of ground water by methane. Determining which well is causing the contamination is extremely difficult if more than one gas or oil well is present in the area. The fact that the solubility of methane decreases as the pressure on ground water decreases provides a quantitative basis for monitoring changes in the amount of methane in the ground water. Quantitative measurements of the volume of methane given off by ground water pumped from a well as the water enters atmospheric pressure permit detection of temporal changes in the gas content which are too subtle to be detected visually. These gas volume changes may, in some cases, be correlated with variations in the pressure of methane in the annulus of nearby individual gas/oil wells and thus may provide a means of pinpointing the gas/oil well that is causing the methane contamination. The basic principle of the gas-volume monitoring apparatus (GVMA) described in this paper is that as a measured amount of ground water enters atmospheric pressure the gas which comes out of solution is trapped and measured. The GVMA can be constructed of materials costing less than $100 and requires no special skills to assemble or operate. In a recent study conducted in a western New York village, four homeowners were able to collect quantitative gas-volume data from their household water wells daily in about one-half hour. Unlike laboratory analyses for dissolved methane, there is no cost involved in monitoring with the GVMA beyond the initial instrument cost and operator time. Another advantage is that the data are available immediately.
Zeros and poles of matrix transfer functions and their dynamical interpretation

The given rational matrix transfer function H(\cdot) is viewed as a network function of a multiport. The no X ni matrix H(s) is factored into D_{l}(S)^{-1} N_{l}(s) = N_{r}(s)D_{r}(s)^{-1} ,where D_{l}(\cdot),N_{l}(\cdot),N_{r}(\cdot) , and D_{r}(\cdot) are polynomial matrices of appropriate size, with D_{l}(\cdot) and N_{i}(\cdot) left coprime and N_{r}(\cdot) and D_{r}(\cdot) right coprime. A zero of H(\cdot) is defined to be a point z where the local rank of N_{l}(\cdot) drops below the normal rank. The theorems make precise the intuitive concept that a multiport blocks the transmission of signals proportional to e^{zt} if and only if z is a zero of H(\cdot) . We show that p is a pole of H(\cdot) if and only if some "singular" input creates a zero-state response of the form re^{pt} , for t > 0 . The order m of the zero z is similarly characterized. Although these results have state-space interpretation, they are derived by purely algebraic techniques, independently of state-space techniques. Consequently, with appropriate modifications, these results apply to the sampled-data case.
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Federated Trust Management for Pervasive Computing

In federated and pervasive networks, trust management has become a cornerstone for information security and privacy. Although people have recognized the importance of privacy and security for their personal information, they remain uncertain when they have to define and enforce their own access control rules or have to handle indirect information. Indirect information and subjective judgment are the major sources of uncertainty in federated trust management. This paper introduces fuzzy logic into the definition and evaluation of trust, and then provides a formal representation of fuzzy rules. It also offers a set of derivation rules for analyzing and reasoning among fuzzy rules in order to enforce these rules with a certain level of uncertainty. Application of this model to a healthcare environment with pervasive computing devices across trust domains provides a new method to handle uncertainty in trust management for federated and pervasive networks.
Viscoelastic properties of Nafion at elevated temperature and humidity

Tensile stress–strain and stress relaxation properties of 1100 equivalent weight Nafion have been measured from 23 to 120 °C at 0–100% relative humidity. At room temperature, the elastic modulus of Nafion decreases with water activity. At 90 °C, the elastic modulus goes through a maximum at a water activity of ∼ 0.3. At temperatures ≥90 °C, hydrated membranes are stiffer than dry membranes. Stress-relaxation was found to have two very different rates depending on strain, temperature, and water content. At high temperature, low water activity, and small strain, the stress relaxation displays a maximum relaxation time with stress approaching zero after 103–104 s. Water absorption slows down stress-relaxation rates. At high water activity, the maximum stress relaxation time was >105 s at all temperatures. No maximum relaxation time was seen at T ≤ 50 °C. Increasing the applied strain also resulted in no observed upper limit to the stress relaxation time. The results suggest that temperature, absorbed water, and imposed strain alter the microstructure of Nafion inducing ordering transitions; ordered microstructure increases the elastic modulus and results in a stress relaxation time of >105 s. Loss of microphase order reduces the elastic modulus and results in a maximum stress relaxation time of 103–104 s. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 11–24, 2009.
The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring

Government agencies are increasingly turning to private, third-party monitors to inspect and assess regulated entities’ compliance with law. The integrity of these regulatory regimes rests on the validity of the information third-party monitors provide to regulators. The challenge in designing third-party monitoring regimes is that profit-driven private monitors, typically selected and paid by the firms subject to monitoring, have incentives to downplay problems they observe in order to satisfy and retain their clients. This paper discusses the most important factors that our research and the research of many others has shown can affect the integrity of third-party monitoring, and highlights some policy implications for regulators designing third-party monitoring regimes.
3 – Self-Organization as a Result of Perturbations in a Dynamic Process-Oriented Soil Science

Modern soil science treats perturbations as counter to normal soil-forming processes leading to the development of soil horizons. Perturbations, however, are ubiquitous throughout time and space and represent a large source of both kinetic and potential energy for use by complex systems. The roles of perturbations in dynamic process-oriented systems are examined with specific reference to self-organizing systems, and the effects of perturbations at various scales on the structure and organization of these systems in accord with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Soils, when viewed in terms of perturbations, exhibit the behaviors of a self-organizing system. Soils are energetic, concentrative, destructive, medium-forming, and transportive. These are the same terms Vladimir Vernadsky and others have used to define the dynamic behavior of living systems.
Entity reconciliation in a multi-camera network

Location traces are becoming fairly abundant with the introduction of various mobile devices such as smartphones, in-car navigation units, and video cameras. Each individual type of device generates different features about a mobile entity along with the location of that entity itself. For example, the smartphone can provide the motion (using accelerometer) of an individual, whereas a video camera can identify what type of clothing the person is wearing. A key challenge is to be able to fuse the data across different data sources and generate a unique view for each entity. This paper tackles a slice of this larger problem, which is to reconcile entities across a multi-camera network and a GPS trace from a smartphone and proposes a novel algorithm that can scale horizontally to adapt to new age distributed systems such as Apache Spark and IBM's InfoSphere Streams. We show through extensive experiments on a real-world dataset that our algorithm outperforms existing approaches and adapts to horizontally scalable distributed environments.
ASSESSMENT OF SURVEILLANCE AND VITAL STATISTICS DATA FOR MONITORING ABORTION MORTALITY, UNITED STATES, 1972–1975

To assess the usefulness of vital statistics and surveillance for monitoring abortion mortality, the authors compared data from two systems of classification: 1) deaths classified according to the underlying cause by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) under the International Classification of Disease, Adapted (ICDA) code numbers 640-645 (abortion) for 1972-1975; and 2) abortion-related deaths reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) through its epidemiologic surveillance of abortion mortality for the same years. Vital statistics classifications dealing with the underlying cause of death are based on criteria defined by ICDA guidelines applied to all available information listed on death certificates, and exclude some deaths classified as abortion-related by CDC. Surveillance classifications are based on broader criteria developed by CDC for expanded data gathered by individual case investigation. Results showed that the surveillance techniques had identified more deaths as abortion-related and had resolved more cases into the specific abortion categories of legal, illegal, and spontaneous than vital statistics tabulations based on death certificates. The authors estimate that the surveillance system alone reported 88% of all abortion-related deaths, the vital statistics system 52%, and the two systems combined a total of 94%. Inadequate physician documentation on the death certificate was the primary reason vital statistics data contained a smaller number of reported abortion deaths than surveillance data.
Re: Detection of Different Kidney Stone Types: An Ex Vivo Comparison of Ultrashort Echo Time MRI to Reference Standard CT

Editorial Comment: Dual energy computerized tomography discriminates uric acid from nonuric acid stones with a high degree of accuracy. The authors assessed the ability of a third generation dual source CT unit to discriminate between stones of different compositions using a phantom model. Uric acid stones were clearly differentiated from nonuric acid calculi. The same held true for cystine stones. The ability to discriminate apatite from calcium oxalate stones was quite satisfactory but decreased when modeling for obesity. The latter may have limited clinical significance as patients with excessive obesity are generally not subjected to shock wave lithotripsy and typically undergo endoscopic surgery if stone removal is necessary. A study in humans is needed to determine the clinical efficacy of this technology for stone composition discrimination.
A Comparison of Mode-Acceleration and Ritz Vector Reduced Basis Procedures in Transient Analysis

The method of mode-acceleration effectively recovers the first Ritz vector used in Ritz procedures. The theoretical basis for Lanczos algorithms that generate Ritz vectors is explained
Preterm premature rupture of membranes and the rate of neonatal sepsis after two courses of antenatal corticosteroids.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a second antenatal corticosteroid course is associated with an increased risk of neonatal sepsis after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM). METHODS This secondary analysis is a cohort study with data from the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units study on magnesium for neuroprotection. Women with singleton gestations and preterm PROM were eligible. The primary exposure was one compared with two antenatal corticosteroid courses. The primary outcome, neonatal sepsis, was compared between exposed groups. Patient characteristics were analyzed by χ2 for categorical variables and Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables where appropriate. Predictors of neonatal sepsis were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS One thousand six hundred forty-one patients were eligible. Neonatal sepsis was similar among neonates born to mothers who received one or two antenatal corticosteroid courses (16.2% compared with 17.2%, P=.756, respectively). Adjusting for confounders, the factors associated with neonatal sepsis were length of time from membrane rupture to delivery (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.26), respiratory distress syndrome (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.45-3.07), gestational age at delivery in days (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-0.99) and birth weight per 100 g (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.94). CONCLUSION A second maternal antenatal corticosteroid course was not associated with an increased rate neonatal sepsis.
Effects of Gibberellin on Nutrition of the Mites, Tetranychus telarius and Panonychus ulmi

Dwarf Horticultural beans and Delta Pine cotton grown in artificial culture in the greenhouse were treated with gibberellin at the rates of 1, 2 and 3 micrograms per plant. Close apple trees grown in semi-field conditions were sprayed with an emulsifiable concentrate of gibberellin at 7- to 10-day intervals during the season at the rates of 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 p.p.m. in the spray solution. Teranychus telarius (L.) were cultured on detached leaves from all three host plants, and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were cultured on leaves from the apple trees. Gibberellin treatments increased plant height in beans and cotton and total branch length in apple trees and resulted in reduced populations of T. telarius in beans and apple trees. Effects of gibberellin on mites cultured on cotton leaves were variable. P. ulmi populations were increased by 10 p.p.m. treatment on apple trees but were reduced as were T. telarius on the higher treatments and were correlated positively and significantly with per cent total sugars in the apple leaves. Both species were generally positively related to per cent nitrogen, which was decreased in the apple leaves by gibberellin treatments. Reducing sugar was not significantly correlated with populations of either mite species. It is suggested that there is an optimum level of reducing sugar for mite development and the percentages in these host plants fell below the level.
Analysis on Practicable Steady State Model of HVDC Power Transmission and Corresponding Power Flow Algorithm

Power flow calculation of AC/DC hybrid power transmission system is the presupposition and foundation for such analysis and calculations as static security analysis,transient stability,voltage stability and eigenvalue of small signal stability.It is undoubtedly crucial for improving the computational efficiency of personnel engaging large-scale power grid analysis to analyze and understand the mathematical models of HVDC power transmission system and the algorithm to solve power flow of hybrid power system in widely utilized commercial computation software in depth and to master the factors influence convergence property.In this paper,the quasi-steady state model of two-terminal UHVDC power transmission system integrated in BPA power flow computation software that is being widely utilized in China is deduced;the procedure of the algorithm that alternatively solves AC and DC power flow is analyzed;through the computation and analysis on the trajectory of power flow solution of a two-terminal UHVDC power transmission system,the interacting characteristic of AC/DC hybrid power system is revealed;and the factors influencing operation conditions of UHVDC power transmission system and convergence characteristics of AC and DC power flow are analyzed and summarized.
Breeding Performance of Female Chinese Muntjac Deer in England

Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) are aseasonal breeders with a postpartum estrus. Long- term observations on a total of 13 captive females kept in paddocks with sexually mature males showed that most females conceive before the age of 10 months and thereafter have the potential to produce a single fawn at intervals of about 7 months. The minimum interbirth period was 211 days: for 53% the mean was 216 days. This productivity can be maintained over many years (e.g., (e.g., 22 fawns by the age of 14 years). Births occurred in all months of the year, and the sex ratio was close to parity, situations which also apply to the feral populations in England as evidenced by investigations on hundreds of carcasses.
Frequency of sprout-origin trees in pre-European settlement forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains

We hypothesized that tree form, recorded in historical public land surveys, would provide a valuable proxy record of regeneration patterns during early-European settlement of North America’s eastern deciduous forest. To test this hypothesis, we tallied stem form from witness trees used in land survey records in the southern Appalachian Mountains from 13 counties spanning four physiographic provinces: Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, and Cumberland Plateau. A total of 3% of witness trees used in the land surveys were of sprout origin. American basswood (Tilia americana L.) exhibited the highest proportion of sprout-origin trees at 12%. Other overstory species with a high proportion of sprout-origin trees were hickory (Carya sp.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), all with 6% of stems being from sprout origin. Blue Ridge had significantly more sprout-origin trees compared with the other three physiographic provinces. Forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains dur...
Altering the Institution of Recognition of Governments

Occasionally in the nineteenth century, but with greater frequency as the twentieth century passed, legal scholars and policy-makers proposed basic alterations in the institution of recognition of governments. Proponents have advanced four main arguments in favour of change. A few have claimed that complications arising when some governments extend while others refuse recognition are severe enough that individual discretion in the matter must be curbed to secure greater uniformity of treatment. A wider circle of legal scholars have argued that eliminating individual governments’ discretion in recognition decisions would increase global order by ending use of recognition for unilateral political advantage. Cold War and post-Cold War scholars and policy-makers have argued that the progressive reduction in the differences of treatment accorded to recognized governments and unrecognized regimes permits abolishing the institution. Others argue that recognition of governments is superfluous in the contemporary world because the rapid and extensive dissemination of information about events in other parts of the world permits courts, administrative agencies, and the public to determine on their own who rules where.
Language experience and preschoolers' foreign word learning*

Four-year-old English speakers (N = 48) who were monolingual, bilingual, or regularly exposed to a second language were taught what they were told were foreign labels for familiar and novel objects. When task demands were low, there was no difference in word learning among the three groups. However, when task demands were higher, bilinguals learned more words than monolingual children, and exposed children's performance fell between the two. These findings indicate that the bilingual word learning advantage seen in adults may begin as early as the preschool years.
Correlations between stance time and shear stress peaks on the plantar skin surface of diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Plantar tissue ulceration is a major concern for diabetic patients and is a common cause for hospital admissions. The principal mechanical factors that cause ulceration remain largely unknown, maki...
Learning to feel global: Exploring the emotional geographies of worldschooling

Abstract Worldschooling is a small but growing alternative education and lifestyle practice adopted by families who take their children out of conventional school settings and educate them while traveling the world. Many worldschooling families document their journeys on blogs and in social media forums, where they explicitly embrace the educational potential of travel and claim the world as their classroom. Drawing on a mobile virtual ethnography of worldschooling, including analysis of online materials along with interviews and field notes from seven months of fieldwork as a worldschooling parent, I explore the intersections of emotion, learning, mobility, and global citizenship in these accounts of worldschooling. While many parents design their mobile curricula around destination based content, they emphasize the repertoire of social and emotional skills their children learn while traveling around the world, often aligning these skills with aspirations of global citizenship. In this sense, global citizenship is about emotions as much as it is about exercising certain rights and responsibilities. In this article, I chart the overlapping emotional geographies that emerge around these performances of ‘feeling global,’ focusing especially on the tensions between individual emotions and broader affective climate of neoliberal globalization.
A Strategic Social Action Framework: Theorizing and analyzing the alignment of social media affordances and organizational social action

ABSTRACTSocial media is a relatively new and dynamic field dealing with the development and use of social media technologies by individuals and more recently by organizations. Although several frameworks and models have been proposed for studying social media, most provide only limited insights into the complex social activities that are supported by the strategic usage of social media in organizational settings. In this article, we take up this challenge and introduce a Strategic Social Action Framework for analyzing social media technologies and their strategic usage in and by organizations. This framework is based on Habermas’ theory of social action and the idea that social media platforms serve as sets of rules and resources that mediate strategic organizational (inter-)actions involving these platforms. We demonstrate the value of the framework by theoretically delineating the appropriateness of the framework to specific social media tools, as well as by empirically analyzing the strategic use of tw...
Helicity decomposition for inclusive J/ψ production

We present a general method for calculating inclusive cross sections for the production of heavy quarkonium states with definite polarization within the NRQCD factorization approach. Cross sections for polarized production can involve additional matrix elements that do not contribute to cross sections for unpolarized production. They can also include interference terms between parton processes that produce $Q\overline{Q}$ pairs with different total angular momentum. The interference terms cancel upon summing over polarizations. Our method can be generalized to $N$ dimensions and is, therefore, compatible with the use of dimensional regularization to calculate radiative corrections. We illustrate the method by applying it to the production of $\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\psi}}$ via the parton processes $q\overline{q}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}$ and $\mathrm{gg}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}$.
Network-based regularization for high dimensional SNP data in the case-control study of Type 2 diabetes.

Over the past decades, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been steadily increasing around the world. Despite large efforts devoted to better understand the genetic basis of the disease, the identified susceptibility loci can only account for a small portion of the T2D heritability. Some of the existing approaches proposed for the high dimensional genetic data from the T2D case–control study are limited by analyzing a few number of SNPs at a time from a large pool of SNPs, by ignoring the correlations among SNPs and by adopting inefficient selection techniques. We propose a network constrained regularization method to select important SNPs by taking the linkage disequilibrium into account. To accomodate the case control study, an iteratively reweighted least square algorithm has been developed within the coordinate descent framework where optimization of the regularized logistic loss function is performed with respect to one parameter at a time and iteratively cycle through all the parameters until convergence. In this article, a novel approach is developed to identify important SNPs more effectively through incorporating the interconnections among them in the regularized selection. A coordinate descent based iteratively reweighed least squares (IRLS) algorithm has been proposed. Both the simulation study and the analysis of the Nurses’s Health Study, a case–control study of type 2 diabetes data with high dimensional SNP measurements, demonstrate the advantage of the network based approach over the competing alternatives.
Enhancing Children’s Voices with Media and Technology

New approaches in the use of media and technology provide the opportunity to give children’s voices a space to express their unique interests. These new forms of video and audio use create a new type of engagement for children to communicate in ways that makes it relevant to their identity. We are looking to tap into the already prevalent use of these technologies by children to establish a conversation about issues that are important to them. Giving children the opportunity to create and exercise control over the content of their creation can foster children centered programs and establish a conversation with larger communities in a local, national and global stage. Exploring the potential of audio and video in innovative ways will be the focus of this workshop. Workshop participants will present specific case studies and projects and discuss informal trends identified through their work on children’s new uses of media. This workshop will provide insight in how technology is being used and ways that it can provide a new communication platform for children.
A Time for Reflection: Should We Reconsider the Direct Supervision Standard in Clinical Education?.

Context: Educational reform is occurring again in athletic training. The profession, at this time, should reflect on the structure of clinical education, particularly with direct supervision. Clini...
Long-term growth trends in northern Wisconsin walleye populations under changing biotic and abiotic conditions

Walleye (Sander vitreus) populations are declining in Wisconsin and neighboring regions, motivating broader interest in walleye biology amidst ecological change. In fishes, growth integrates variat...