cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a Data Semantics Management System for Internet Traffic

Although current Internet operations generate voluminous data, they remain largely oblivious of traffic data semantics. This poses many inefficiencies and challenges due to emergent or anomalous behavior impacting the vast array of Internet elements such as services and protocols. In this paper, we propose a Data Semantics Management System (DSMS) for learning Internet traffic data semantics to enable smarter semantics- driven networking operations. We extract networking semantics and build and utilize a dynamic ontology of network concepts to better recognize and act upon emergent or abnormal behavior. Our DSMS utilizes: (1) Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm (LDA) for latent features extraction and semantics reasoning; (2) big tables as a cloud-like data storage technique to maintain large-scale data; and (3) Locality Sensitive Hashing algorithm (LSH) for reducing data dimensionality. Our preliminary evaluation using real Internet traffic shows the efficacy of DSMS for learning behavior of normal and abnormal traffic data and for accurately detecting anomalies at low cost.
A network perspective on membership change: Structural disruption and adaptation in hockey teams

Changes in membership can be disruptive to team functioning and outcomes. It is not clear, however, how the impact of membership change on performance is affected by the way interdependent work is ...
Morphometry and autoradiography of altered rat enamel protein processing due to chronic exposure to fluoride.

Abstract Female Sprague-Dawley rats had 6 weeks of 0 (control), 75 or 100 parts/10 6 sodium fluoride in their drinking water. Whole mandibular incisors were removed, fixed, demineralized and sections prepared for light-microscopic morphometric analysis of dose-related alterations in enamel protein retention. Other rats given 0 and 75 parts/10 6 only (control and experimental groups) were used for autoradiographic evaluation of alterations in enamel protein removal. 35 S-methionine was applied directly over secretory ameloblasts at the end of the fifth week of fluoride exposure. Incisors were removed either 5 or 7 days later and processed for autoradiographic analysis. The results indicated: (1) extended retention of enamel proteins in fluoride-exposed maturation enamel as well as reduced enamel protein synthesis and/or secretion in the secretory stage; (2) negative linear correlation between extended enamel protein retention and reduced enamel protein secretion among groups; and (3) repression of enamel protein removal. The data are also consistent with the concept that the fluoride effect is multifactorial.
MAST CELLS MEDIATE THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL CYSTITIS IN MICE

AbstractPurpose: We hypothesized that experimental cystitis induced by substance P (SP) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would be less severe in mice rendered mast cell deficient by genetic manipulation.Materials and Methods: Two strains of mast-cell deficient mice (WBB6F1- kitW/kitW-v or kitW/kitW-v and WCB6F1- Sl/Sld or Sl/Sld) and their congenic, normal (+/+) counterparts were used. Cystitis was induced in female mice by intravenous injection of SP (0.1 ml.; 10-6 M) or E. coli LPS (0.1 ml.; 2 mg./ml.), and inflammation was assessed by Evans blue dye extravasation. In a separate group of kitW / kitW-v and congenic normal mice, cystitis was induced by intravesical infusion of SP (0.05 ml.; 10-5 M) or E. coli LPS (0.05 ml.; 100 micro g./ml.) and compared with intravesical pyrogen-free saline (0.05 ml.; 0.9%). Severity of cystitis was determined by histological evaluation of the bladder wall 24 hours after intravesical infusions.Results: Intravenous SP or LPS stimulated increased plasma extravasation in...
Career Preferences, Self-Concept, and Vocational Maturity.

This study explored the differences in self-concept and vocational maturity variables between freshmen students who made congruent, incongruent, and undecided college major choices. The self-concept variables were operationally defined by the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. The vocational maturity variables were defined by the Career Questionnaire, Form IV, and the Vocational Development Inventory. Congruent, incongruent, and undecided college major choice groups were defined operationally using the Vocational Preference Inventory. The analysis of variance revealed the main effect of groups (congruent, incongruent, and undecided) to be significant for four vocational maturity variables. The test for the main effect of sex was found to be significant for one vocational maturity variable. The test for interaction was found to be significant for one self-concept variable. The findings tentatively suggest that subjects in the congruent male and female groups tend to be more vocationally stable and mature than subjects in the undecided male and female groups. Limitations in the reults of the present study were pointed out.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia and spinal cord infarct: Case report with a review of the neurological complications of HHT

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, is an autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia with high penetrance and variable expressivity. A wide variety of neurological complications have been reported in association with this condition. We report the first case of spinal cord infarction likely due to paradoxical embolization with HHT and review the literature on the neurological complications of this disorder. MEDLINE was employed to identify all published reports of HHT with neurological complications. We identified 44 references with a total of 436 cases of neurological complications of HHT. The most common complication was ischemic stroke and the main etiology for the vascular neurological complications in patients with HHT was pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. HHT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with cutaneous or mucosal telangiectasia or a history of unexplained epistaxis. HHT is associated with a diverse array of neurological disorders; most commonly ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and brain abscess. While myelopathy secondary to arteriovenous malformation with HHT has been previously reported, this is the first instance of spinal cord infarction due to paradoxical embolization in this disorder.
Heuristic Mapping of Frontier Processes

The value of analytical cartography and, in particular, of fuzzy set theory is demonstrated with regard to developing a specifiable and repeatable conceptual framework for multicriteria land evaluation. After a review of the distinguishing mathematical attributes of fuzzy set theory, including the derivation of the most useful functions, its application to the assessment of a 170,000-km area of western Paraguay is described. Fuzzy set theory and multicriteria evaluation are shown to provide a robust framework for planning so that real-world interactions of interest at the management scale of conservation units are explicitly recognized. The Appendix gives the syntax for the four-step application procedure in Idrisi32 using an 8% fraction of the total study area and three geographic themes representing a point, a line, and a polygon coverage.
Prison Inmates and Their Visitors An Examination of Inmate Characteristics and Visitor Types

The present study seeks to identify factors associated with inmates and their incarceration that differentially affect their frequency of receiving visits from specific types of visitors. Findings reveal both demographic and prison experience characteristics as significant predictors of the number of visits received from specific types of visitors. More highly educated, female, White, and currently or formerly married inmates received a greater number of visits from specific types of visitors, as did inmates with fewer prior incarcerations and who were not serving time for a drug, violent, and sex offense conviction. Limitations, directions for future research, and implications are discussed.
Common misconceptions regarding quantum mechanics

This paper lists 15 commonly held misconceptions concerning quantum mechanics, such as ‘‘Energy eigenstates are the only allowed states’’ and ‘‘The wave function is dimensionless.’’ A few suggestions are offered to help combat these misconceptions in teaching.
New approach for estimating excess body fat from changes in abdominal girth

A new method is proposed for determining changes in percent body fat (%BF) based on the difference between an initial value for abdominal girth (AG) and a calculated "target" AG based on a desired %BF. Group data from large-scale anthropometric surveys in the military were used to derive specific reference values for Q, defined as the ratio of AG at a desired %BF to F(√BMkg /Htm ). For an individual, Q*F resulted in an AG that corresponded to a desired %BF (set at approximately 20% for males and 30% for females). The method was applied to professional football players, longshoremen, shot-put and weight-lifting athletes, and obese males and females who reduced body mass and altered their body composition. The results showed that changes in AG with body mass loss were proportional to percentage changes in total body fat loss. These relationships permitted extrapolation to a projected target AG that corresponded to a desired %BF. The proposed method differs from the traditional approach that first determines %BF, and then the individual attempts to achieve a desired change in body mass or body composition. The objective of the new method is straightforward; the individual endeavors to attain a target AG that corresponds to a desired %BF.
Immunonutrition in critical illness.

Immunonutrition is an emerging therapy that has been the focus of a number of clinical trials. Manipulation of the immune system has the substantial potential to modify disease outcome, particularly in regard to infectious complications. Many studies have examined the effects of nutritional formulas supplemented with arginine, n-3 fatty acids, structured lipids, and nucleotides compared with standard enteral feeding. Unfortunately, because of marked heterogeneity between studies, only limited consensus has been reached. Some randomized studies have shown that immune-enhanced nutritional formulas can reduce postoperative infectious complications in surgical patients with gastrointestinal or head and neck cancer and may be effective when provided preoperatively as well. A few studies show no benefit, but none demonstrated higher infection rates in this population, which is reinforced by the finding from three separate meta-analyses of overall benefit. 1‐3 Therefore, for surgical patients with gastrointestinal/head and neck cancer, the evidence is reasonably strong in favor of the use of immunonutrition, particularly in malnourished patients. In trauma and critically ill patients, the data are less clear, and no overall recommendation in favor of immunonutrition was made recently by Dr Heyland 4 in a review of the evidence (this issue of NCP). There are three large published studies in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, all using the same immune-enhancing diet, which differ in many ways, with only one showing a significant improvement in morbidity and mortality overall. 5‐7 There was a clear trend toward increased mortality with the immune-enhancing diet in the earliest study. 5 Dr
Weights, inequalities and a local Hölder norm for solutions to (δ/δt-L)(u)=divf on bounded domains

The rate of change of u, a solution to Lu=divf in a bounded, rough domain ΩT, u=g on ∂pΩT, is investigated using a local Holder norm of u and different measures on ΩT and on ∂pΩT. Results are discussed for both L a strictly elliptic operator and for L=∂/∂t-L0, with L0 a strictly parabolic divergence form operator; the coefficients are bounded and measurable, and in the case of L0, time dependent.
Influence of color on dielectric properties of marinated poultry breast meat

The dielectric behavior of foods when exposed to radio-frequency and microwave electric fields is highly influenced by moisture content and the degree of water binding with constituents of the food materials. The ability to correlate specific food quality characteristics with the dielectric properties can lead to the development of rapid, nondestructive techniques for such quality measurements. Water-holding capacity is a critical attribute in meat quality. Up to 50% of raw poultry meat in the United States is marinated with mixtures of water, salts, and phosphates. The objective of this study was to determine if variations in breast meat color would affect the dielectric properties of marinated poultry meat over a broad frequency range from 500 MHz to 50 GHz. Poultry meat was obtained from a local commercial plant in Georgia (USA). Color and pH measurements were taken on the breast filets. Groups of breast filets were sorted into classes of pale and normal before adding marination pickup percentages of 0, 5, 10, and 15. Breast filets were vacuum-tumbled and weighed for pickup percentages. Dielectric properties of the filets were measured with a coaxial open-ended probe on samples equilibrated to 25°C. Samples from pale meat exhibited higher dielectric properties than samples from normal meat. No differences could be observed between samples from pale and normal meat after marination of the samples. Overall, dielectric properties increased as the marination pickup increased (α=0.05). Marination pickup strongly influenced the dielectric loss factor. Differences between samples marinated at different pickup levels were more pronounced at lower frequencies for the dielectric loss factor. As frequency increased, the differences between samples decreased. Differences in dielectric constant between samples were not as consistent as those seen with the dielectric loss factor.
La vita americana del formaggio: la negoziazione dei valori di un prodotto artigianale in una società industriale

What is the place of artisanship in a thoroughly industrialized food system, as in the United States? Taking up this question, this article explores the medium and message of American artisanal cheese. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork with artisan producers across the country, I propose that American artisanal cheese might be usefully viewed as an “unfinished commodity,” a good whose commercial and social value is underdetermined and subject to explicit question and debate. While American artisan producers derive personal satisfaction from the work they do to handcraft cheese, they worry that it may not “pay off” in the end, financially. As they endeavor to improve upon their craft, they also work to convey to customers the value of that labor in producing a “quality” product, one that’s worth the premium price marked well above its supermarket counterparts. The value of American artisanal cheese remains subject to negotiation.
Biotic and abiotic influences on wind disturbance in forests of NW Pennsylvania, USA

Forests in northwestern Pennsylvania experienced a severe windstorm in July 2003. The storm damaged some forests and left others in its path intact. This varied impact raised the question of whether biotic and abiotic stand characteristics influenced storm damage. To answer this question we investigated data on windthrow severity, vegetation characteristics, and physiographic variables provided by the three largest landowners affected by the storm. These local forest managers provided stand level data on 258,000 ha, about half of the storm swath, of which about 5000 ha (2%) experienced moderate or severe blowdown. The study includes over 1002 disturbance patches, 60% of which were under 3 ha. We used classification tree analysis, a non-parametric method of statistical inquiry, to identify the variables that were most useful in predicting storm damage. Our model used biotic and abiotic site factors to correctly predict affected and unaffected stands 89% of the time (kappa value 0.63). The most predictive biotic variables were stand structure and stand age. Predictive abiotic variables included mean elevation, the range of elevations across the stand, and topographic position relative to neighboring stands. Results show that windthrow was more likely in older stands, stands at the highest elevations, and in flatter stands at lower elevations. Except for red maple stands on wet sites, which were disproportionately affected, forest type was not a useful predictor of the storm’s impact. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Using XBRL to Transform Existing Financial Statements into the Proposed Presentation Format

The study presents a methodology utilizing extensible business reporting language (XBRL) to transform the traditional presentation format of financial statements into the format that the International Accounting Standards Board and the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board have proposed. The analysis reviews the subject matter, including the proposed presentation standard, applicable XBRL background, and a general development of the transformation process. Then, the study illustrates the process by applying the methodology to the financial statements of a specific company. Finally, the study highlights the major points of the analysis and suggests future directions for the research in the area. Latest version available in Mustang Journals.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Summary Acute exacerbations of underlying COPD are a common cause of respiratory deterioration. Developments have been made in preventive measures, but admission to hospital for acute exacerbations can be expected to remain common. Several expert consensus guidelines have been published to define the appropriate management of COPD patients. These consensus guidelines generally agree, but all acknowledge a lack of large well-controlled clinical studies, especially studies focusing on the management of acute exacerbations. Consequently, many potential controversies exist about the details of managing patients with acute exacerbations. Although studies of many fundamental aspects of management are still needed, the results of controlled clinical trials are sufficient to emphasise the importance of a careful clinical assessment, supplemental oxygen, inhaled bronchodilators to partially improve airway obstruction, corticosteroids to decrease the likelihood of treatment failures and to speed recovery, antibiotics, especially in severe patients, and non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation for treatment of acute ventilatory failure in selected patients.
Toward the modelling of safety violations in healthcare systems

When frontline staff do not adhere to policies, protocols, or checklists, managers often regard these violations as indicating poor practice or even negligence. More often than not, however, these policy and protocol violations reflect the efforts of well intentioned professionals to carry out their work efficiently in the face of systems poorly designed to meet the diverse demands of patient care. Thus, non-compliance with institutional policies and protocols often signals a systems problem, rather than a people problem, and can be influenced among other things by training, competing goals, context, process, location, case complexity, individual beliefs, the direct or indirect influence of others, job pressure, flexibility, rule definition, and clinician-centred design. Three candidates are considered for developing a model of safety behaviour and decision making. The dynamic safety model helps to understand the relationship between systems designs and human performance. The theory of planned behaviour suggests that intention is a function of attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioural control. The naturalistic decision making paradigm posits that decisions are based on a wider view of multiple patients, expertise, systems complexity, behavioural intention, individual beliefs and current understanding of the system. Understanding and predicting behavioural safety decisions could help us to encourage compliance to current processes and to design better interventions.
Newborn Screening for Galactosemia: A Review of 5 Years of Data and Audit of a Revised Reporting Approach

Background: Availability of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) assay for newborn (NB) screening has improved identification of classic galactosemia. Previously defined critical cutoffs for total galactose (Gal), typically 1.110 mmol/L (20 mg/dL), are still in use in laboratories measuring total Gal for the diagnosis of nonclassic galactosemias. Urgent notification/referral to a treatment center follows, although few of the NBs will need treatment. Methods: We reviewed all NB galactosemia-screening results and their corresponding clinical outcomes over a 5-year period (first phase, 1.32 × 106 NBs) and then over a 2-year period (second phase, 274 960 NBs). Each NB was screened for Gal and GALT. When Gal was increased and/or GALT was deficient, testing for percentage galactose-1-phosphate and/or DNA testing for common GALT mutations were performed. Results: Of 209 reported positive results, 89% did not indicate GALT deficiency. These non–GALT-deficient results represented mostly clinically benign cases with a Gal threshold of ≥1.110 mmol/L (≥20 mg/dL). The positive predictive value of a GALT cutoff of ≤40 μmol/L was 83%. After a protocol change that redefined a critical result as a GALT value ≤40 μmol/L and/or a Gal value ≥1.665 mmol/L (≥30 mg/dL), results were monitored for an additional 2 years. The new protocol dramatically reduced the number of urgent calls/referrals and reduced the total number of referrals by nearly half. Conclusions: Use of a GALT cutoff of ≤40 μmol/L/L and a Gal cutoff of ≥1.665 mmol/L (≥30 mg/dL) for urgent notification/referral dramatically reduces false positives and unnecessary follow-up, thereby reducing the stress on healthcare resources.
Multiple benign lung tumors

Multiple benign pulmonary nodules are rare and are from a variety of etiologies. Infectious causes, such as histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, or parasitic infections, usually require biopsy for confirmation. An interesting entity, benign metastasizing leiomyoma, is rare but occurs from a low-grade leiomyoma that most commonly spreads from the uterus.
Infections due to a ‘Group JK’ corynebacterium

Summary We report the case of a patient who developed bacteraemia with a ‘Group JK’ corynebacterium following multiple injuries sustained in a road traffic accident, and that of another patient whose cerebrospinal fluid shunt became colonised with a similar organism for over a year.
Glutamine Deprivation Causes Enhanced Plating Efficiency of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0-Null Mutant

Isoleucine deprivation of cellular monolayers prior to infection has been reported to result in partial complementation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP0 null (ICP0 − ) mutant. We now report that glutamine deprivation alone is able to enhance the plating efficiency of an ICP0 − virus and that isoleucine deprivation has little or no effect. Because a low glutamine level is associated with stress and because stress is known to induce reactivation, low levels of glutamine may be relevant to the reactivation of HSV-1 from latency. Additionally, we demonstrate that arginine and methionine deprivation result in partial complementation of the ICP0 − virus.
Distributed admission control to support guaranteed services in core-stateless networks

The core-stateless service architecture alleviates the scalability problems of the integrated service framework while maintaining its guaranteed service semantics. The admission control methods proposed to support core-stateless guaranteed services have significant drawbacks: We propose a scalable and robust distributed admission control architecture to support core-stateless guaranteed services. Our architecture maintains high network utilization while ensuring that resources are not over-allocated. In our architecture, admission control is performed at the ingress edge routers of a request on an edge-to-edge path basis. A token-passing mechanism is used as the resource management framework. The token helps in dynamic and fair division of bandwidth and allows completely distributed resource allocation on a link unless it is close to saturation. The edge routers co-operate to provide fault tolerance effectively acting as a resilient overlay network. Our admission control framework can support statistical guarantees and diffserv architecture's premium service as well. The resource management part of our architecture is well-suited to aid QoS routing algorithms. Analytical and simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of our architecture.
Dynamical network of residue–residue contacts reveals coupled allosteric effects in recognition, catalysis, and mutation

Detailed understanding of how conformational dynamics orchestrates function in allosteric regulation of recognition and catalysis remains ambiguous. Here, we simulate CypA using multiple-microsecond-long atomistic molecular dynamics in explicit solvent and carry out NMR experiments. We analyze a large amount of time-dependent multidimensional data with a coarse-grained approach and map key dynamical features within individual macrostates by defining dynamics in terms of residue–residue contacts. The effects of substrate binding are observed to be largely sensed at a location over 15 A from the active site, implying its importance in allostery. Using NMR experiments, we confirm that a dynamic cluster of residues in this distal region is directly coupled to the active site. Furthermore, the dynamical network of interresidue contacts is found to be coupled and temporally dispersed, ranging over 4 to 5 orders of magnitude. Finally, using network centrality measures we demonstrate the changes in the communication network, connectivity, and influence of CypA residues upon substrate binding, mutation, and during catalysis. We identify key residues that potentially act as a bottleneck in the communication flow through the distinct regions in CypA and, therefore, as targets for future mutational studies. Mapping these dynamical features and the coupling of dynamics to function has crucial ramifications in understanding allosteric regulation in enzymes and proteins, in general.
Inheritance of Selenium Contents and QTL Detection in Rice Grains

Enriched-selenium rice that is characterized with high content of selenium,high quality,health care,disease prevention,security and so on,has became one hot issue in scientific research.QTL location for selenium contents in rice grains is of great significance to the study of selenium-rich rice genetics and breeding in selenium breeding program.The genetic linkage map including 92 SSR markers was constructed with a F2 population consists of 145 lines from a cross of Oryza sativa indica Fengxinhongmi and Minghui 100,and the quantitative traits loci(QTL)analysis on selenium content in rice grains was done by using composite interval graphic method.By composite interval mapping method of software windows QTL Cartographer 2.5,it was determined that two selenium content QTLs qSe-1 and qSe-2 located in the fifth chromosome,the contribution rate was 6.39% and 8.01% respectively.
Adaptive Scaffolds in Open-Ended Learning Environments

Open-ended learning environments (OELEs) are learner-centered, and they offer students opportunities to take part in authentic and complex problem-solving tasks. However, learners typically struggle to learn with OELEs without proper adaptive scaffolds. This paper describes research and development related to designing real-time algorithms for diagnosing students’ needs in OELEs and responding with appropriate adaptive scaffolds.
Use of Direct-Fed Microbials as a Preharvest Food Safety Intervention in Cattle

Each year an estimated 76 million people in the United States develop a food-borne illness. Often, food animals are reservoirs for bacterial food-borne agents; these organisms are frequently part of the normal flora in the animals’ gastrointestinal tract and can be shed in the feces subsequently contaminating the environment or carcass at harvest. The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service currently sets guidelines and oversees standards to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination of meat and poultry products, yet illnesses still occur. The discovery of new routes of pathogen transmission on items such as produce highlight the importance of additional mitigation strategies in food animals prior to harvest. Preharvest interventions to reduce the prevalence and concentration of food-borne pathogens have become a major research priority. These products include direct-fed microbials (DFMs). This chapter reviews the evidence for the use of DFMs to reduce food-borne pathogenic bacteria in cattle before they enter the food chain.
Metaphors in politics

Where we know we can make a difference in the future, we set out our stall for the people with confidence. Because now they are thinking, reflecting – do we go forward with Labour, or back to the Tories. Our task is to persuade them to go forward . (Tony Blair, 2005, address to the Conference of the Labour Party, Gateshead) This was one of the tasks we set forth at the beginning of this campaign – to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous America. I chose to run for the presidency at this moment in history because I believe deeply that we cannot solve the challenges of our time unless we solve them together – unless we perfect our union by understanding that we may have different stories , but we hold common hopes ; that we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place , but we all want to move in the same direction – towards a better future for our children and our grandchildren. (Barack Obama, 2008, “A More Perfect Union,” Philadelphia, PA) Politics is about material needs and actions, repairing streets and bridges, educating children, protecting people from crime, war, and natural disaster, as well as about more abstract needs and values – freedom, justice, and dignity. Politics is also about the organization of social relationships, about power, influence, the balance between autonomy and community, about trade-offs between contradictory needs and values. All of this complexity is reflected, in political discourse, in the metaphors people use and the stories they tell. In this chapter I will begin with a more detailed examination of the use of metaphors in Blair’s Gateshead speech and Obama’s Philadelphia speech. Then I will broaden the discussion to a more general consideration of conceptual and thematic metaphors that are widely used in political discourse. Finally I will review the findings of research on metaphors used in discourse about specific topics, including metaphors that have been used in discourse about local issues.
Primary Adenocarcinoma of an Ileostomy in Crohn's Disease

Although Crohn's disease has been associated with an increased risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma, primary adenocarcinoma arising from an ileostomy is a complication that has been rarely documented in Crohn's disease. Chronic small bowel inflammation may lead to development of malignancy through the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. We report a case of a 61-year-old woman with Crohn's ileocolitis diagnosed with a primary adenocarcinoma at the ileostomy with metastases to the liver 47 years after proctocolectomy, and review the literature.
The GhTT2_A07 gene is linked to the brown colour and natural flame retardancy phenotypes of Lc1 cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibres

Some naturally coloured brown cotton fibres from accessions of Gossypium hirsutum L. can be used to make textiles with enhanced flame retardancy (FR). Several independent brown fibre loci have been identified and mapped to chromosomes, but the underlying genes have not yet been identified, and the mechanism of lint fibre FR is not yet fully understood. In this study, we show that both the brown colour and enhanced FR of the Lc1 lint colour locus are linked to a 1.4Mb inversion on chromosome A07 that is immediately upstream of a gene with similarity to Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2). As a result of the alternative upstream sequence, the transcription factor GhTT2_A07 is highly up-regulated in developing fibres. In turn, genes in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway are activated, leading to biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins and accumulation of inorganic elements. We show that enhanced FR and anthocyanin precursors appear in developing brown fibres well before the brown colour is detectible, demonstrating for the first time that the polymerized proanthocyanidins that constitute the brown colour are not the source of enhanced FR. Identifying the particular colourless metabolite that provides Lc1 cotton with enhanced FR could help minimize the use of synthetic chemical flame retardant additives in textiles.
Delinquency theory and prevention: A radical alternative

Twentieth century America has seen several delinquency prevention programs come into vogue and then collapse under the pressure of ever increasing rates of delinquency; pressuring policy makers to continue their search for new and better programs. Yet, new prevention programs are not pulled out of a hat. Because these programs are based on certain assumptions about human behavior they are, for the most part, derived from theories of crime and delinquency causation. Pursuing this relationship between theory and practice, this paper grounds the emergence of delinquency prevention with the development of positivist criminology, identifies the conceptual and practical deficiencies of positivist theories of crime and subsequent prevention strategies and presents the prevention directive of contemporary Marxist “Critical Criminology.”
Studying like a communist: Affect, the Party, and the educational limits to capitalism

AbstractIn an effort to theorize educational logics that are oppositional to capitalism, this article explores what it means to study like a communist. I begin by drawing out the tight connection between learning and capitalism, demonstrating that education is not a subset but a motor of political-economic relations. Next, I turn to the concept of study, which is being developed as an educational alternative to learning. While studying represents an educational challenge to capitalism, I argue that there are political limitations to studying for which we need to account. Specifically, studying is not in itself political, but only represents the possibility of politics. To make this claim and to address these limitations, I turn to Jodi Dean’s work on the communist Party. Dean posits the Party not as a master, director, or prophet, but as an infrastructure of affective intensity that maintains a gap in the order of things. I show that the Party is one way to organize and to defend study. Throughout the art...
Oxygen Activation by Transition Metal Complexes of Macrobicyclic Cyclidene Ligands

The cyclidene ligand produces effective dioxygen binding in the metal ions cobalt(II) and iron(II). This and the facility with which the structure may be varied or expanded has led to the design of species with large cavities (vaulted cyclidenes) that bind both dioxygen and organic molecules. This provides look-alike models for the ternary complex that precedes the reaction cycle of cyctochromes P450. The synthesis and characterization of the iron, manganese and chromium derivatives of the vaulted cyclidenes has opened the way for their evaluation as functional models. The O2 complex of the vaulted iron(II) cyclidene has been prepared in solution; the reactions of the bound O2 have led to formation of peroxo complexes, analogous to those proposed for P450, and the promoted oxidations of organic substrates with O2 have been explored. With surrogate oxidants, the vaulted cyclidenes display reactivities reminescent of the iron porphyrins, and like the early versions of those oxidation catalysts, the cyclidenes are destroyed during the promoted reactions. Success in promoting reaction between activated metal centers and substrate that is clearly within the hydrophobic receptor has been limited. At this early stage it can be concluded that the cyclidene complexes display the same capabilities as oxidation catalysts that have previously been demonstrated for porphyrin complexes.
Vulvar Lesions in an 8-Year-Old Girl: Cutaneous Manifestations of Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

Abstract Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare localized or systemic disease characterized by proliferation of myeloid-derived dendritic cells. Vulvar lesions might be the herald symptom of LCH and might mimic other cutaneous lesions. Prognosis varies widely on the basis of the extent and spread of disease. Case An 8-year-old girl with a 4-month history of vulvar lesions resistant to topical steroids was referred by her pediatrician. Vulvar biopsy was diagnostic for LCH. Imaging studies revealed a left hip lesion consistent with LCH. The patient was subsequently treated for multisystem LCH with vinblastine and prednisone. Summary and Conclusion Although rare, LCH might be diagnosed by gynecologic providers and should be included in the differential diagnosis of genital lesions. We recommend having a low threshold for performing biopsy of vulvar lesions.
Preserving Privacy Enables “Coexistence Equilibrium” of Competitive Diffusion in Social Networks

With the advent of social media, different companies often promote competing products simultaneously for word-of-mouth diffusion and adoption by users in social networks. For such scenarios of competitive diffusion , prior studies show that the weaker product will soon become extinct (i.e., “winner takes all”). It is intriguing to observe that in practice, however, competing products, such as iPhone and Android phone, often coexist in the market. This discrepancy may result from many factors such as the phenomenon that a user in the real world may not spread its use of a product due to dissatisfaction of the product or privacy protection. In this paper, we incorporate users’ privacy for spreading behavior into competitive diffusion of two products and develop a problem formulation for privacy-aware competitive diffusion . Then, we prove that privacy-preserving mechanisms can enable a “coexistence equilibrium” (i.e., two competing products coexist in the equilibrium) in competitive diffusion over social networks. In addition to the rigorous analysis, we also demonstrate our results with experiments over real network topologies.
Machine learning for intrusion detection in mobile tactical networks

Previous work has demonstrated that machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems (IDS) can be constructed to provide a significant proportion of the accuracy of a conventional signature-based IDS while using a fraction of the resources. Such systems are ideally suited to mobile tactical networks, which typically require much denser sensor coverage to ensure complete network protection and have relatively limited size, weight, and power budgets within which to both protect and operate the network. In this study, we extend previous work on the Extremely Lightweight Intrusion Detection system (ELIDe) and examine its ability to both store a wide range of signatures and generalize to new data. We also demonstrate the following: (1) ELIDe weight vectors are capable of storing multiple signatures while not significantly affecting the false-positive rate; (2) such weight vectors can detect packets that match the signatures on which they were trained with a high degree of accuracy (low false-negative rate); and (3), in addition to approximating the output of a conventional set of signatures, ELIDe weight vectors can also weakly generalize to novel malicious traffic. We show that, despite the significant challenges mobile tactical networks pose for intrusion detection, the use of machine learning allows the deployment of approximate signaturebased intrusion detection in such networks.
Using the domain identification model to study major and career decision-making processes

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which (1) a domain identification model could be used to predict students’ engineering major and career intentions and (2) the MUSIC Model of Motivation components could be used to predict domain identification. The data for this study were collected from first-year engineering students. We used a structural equation model to test the hypothesised relationship between variables in the partial domain identification model. The findings suggested that engineering identification significantly predicted engineering major intentions and career intentions and had the highest effect on those two variables compared to other motivational constructs. Furthermore, results suggested that success, interest, and caring are plausible contributors to students’ engineering identification. Overall, there is strong evidence that the domain identification model can be used as a lens to study career decision-making processes in engineering, and potentially, in othe...
Infrared and Raman Vibrational Optical Activity of Bio-Molecules

Since the early 1970s, two forms of vibrational optical activity (VOA)1 have been developed for stereochemical applications. They correspond to the two classic forms of vibrational spectroscopy, infrared absorption and Raman scattering. The first, vibrational circular dichroism, or VCD,2–4 is the extension of electronic circular dichroism into the infrared region where fundamental vibrational transitions occur. The second, called Raman optical activity, or ROA,5–7 is a new form of optical activity having no previous classical analog.
Food Allergen Online Training: An Example of Extension’s Educational Role

Following Minnesota’s adoption of the 2009 FDA model Food Code’s requirement for food allergen awareness training for foodservice employees, a need for suitable training materials was apparent. In response to this need, and in accordance with their mission of providing educational programming that adds value to society, University of Minnesota Extension food safety educators developed a 1-h, interactive online course to educate food service employees about food allergens. Food Allergen Training for Food Service Employees uses a story-telling approach that is woven throughout learning modules on understanding food allergens, managing food allergens, and emergency response to food allergens. A 3-month post-course follow-up evaluation study indicated 60% of participants implemented procedures to prevent food allergen cross-contact. However, even after completing training, 40% felt food allergens were not an issue in their food service operation, emphasizing the need for continued food allergen awareness training in all food service establishments. This chapter explains how food service employees learn, discusses educational approaches that apply adult learning principles, and provides strategies to implement an instructional course design process. In addition, this chapter highlights some of the best practices for food servers that were included within the training program.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Medical Therapy in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Unresolved Conundrum

One of the major dilemmas facing physicians is what diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should be recommended to those stable coronary artery disease patients whose symptoms are adequately controlled on medical therapy. This study sought to assess the evidence-based data relating to whether: 1) all patients with significant coronary lesions (i.e., ischemia-producing) should undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); 2) the best therapeutic approach is optimal medical therapy; or 3) PCI should be performed, but only in certain subsets of patients. We reviewed all recent meta-analyses of prospective randomized trials that compared the outcomes of medical therapy and PCI in stable, symptomatically controlled, coronary artery disease patients. To provide greater insights to the clinician, we then analyzed, in depth, 3 comprehensive and widely quoted randomized trials. Review of recently published (2012) meta-analyses, and the detailed analyses of 3 widely quoted individual studies, indicate no difference exists between PCI and medical therapy in nonfatal MI or in all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Thus, clinical equipoise exists: in other words, there is no evidence-based justification for adopting 1 therapeutic strategy over the other. Therefore, it is not inappropriate, until additional evidence emerges, for the responsible, experienced physician to weigh several sources of information in formulating a recommendation to the patient, even though definitive evidence-based data are not as yet available. Such sources may include assessment of the individual patient's clinical presentation, assessment of the severity of ischemia, and the patient's precise coronary anatomy. Critical for more-reliable decision making will be future development of accurate measures of the individual patient's risk of MI and/or death, whether by biomarker, imaging, or ischemia assessments.
Eavesdropping of display devices by measurement of polarized reflected light

Display devices, or displays, such as those utilized extensively in cell phones, computer monitors, televisions, instrument panels, and electronic signs, are polarized light sources. Most displays are designed for direct viewing by human eyes, but polarization imaging of reflected light from a display can also provide valuable information. These indirect (reflected/scattered) photons, which are often not in direct field-of-view and mixed with photons from the ambient light, can be extracted to infer information about the content on the display devices. In this work, we apply Stokes algebra and Mueller calculus with the edge overlap technique to the problem of extracting indirect photons reflected/scattered from displays. Our method applies to recovering information from linearly and elliptically polarized displays that are reflected by transmissive surfaces, such as glass, and semi-diffuse opaque surfaces, such as marble tiles and wood furniture. The technique can further be improved by applying Wiener filtering.
The Complexity of Science Studies: Multiple Perspectives on a Human Endeavor

Although this story might be a bit simplistic, across the chapters in this book, you may have seen something like the following narrative unfold. First, scholars studying science brought the tools of traditional philosophy, namely an examination of arguments (including inductive and deductive arguments) and therefore an examination of the logic and the semantics of arguments.
The Potential Role of Immunomodulation in the Treatment of HIV-Infection and Malignant Diseases

The AIDS epidemic continues to worsen worldwide.1 The incidence of malignant disease is also increasing.2 Cancer and AIDS can be considered to be related in several ways. In both, immunodeficiency is related to a poor prognosis.3, 4 Also, AIDS may be considered the most important of the clinical states which predisposed to malignancy and up to 20% of HIV seropositive subjects will eventually get malignant diseases.5 This suggests that immunorestorative therapy may be useful in both AIDS and cancer.
Chinese Oil Investments in Latin America: Evolution, Behavior, and Motivations

The chapter offers a panoramic overview of the Chinese oil industry, Chinese NOCs in relationship with the Chinese government, and Chinese oil interests in Latin America. Chinese NOCs are characterized as complex political economic agents that carry dualistic features of furthering political mandates and simultaneously showing autonomy from the government to gravitate toward corporate objectives. Although negative voices regarding their social images in Latin America abound, a systematic analysis of evidence discovers many instances of positive impacts in host societies. Indeed, these companies must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, with attention to the particular sociopolitical environment they face in each investment setting. In other words, this chapter establishes an empirical context of Chinese oil investments in Latin America.