cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for the epidermal growth factor-like domain of P-selectin in ligand recognition and cell adhesion

The selectin family of adhesion molecules mediates the initial interactions of leukocytes with endothelium. The extracellular region of each selectin contains an amino-terminal C-type lectin domain, followed by an EGF-like domain and multiple short consensus repeat units (SCR). Previous studies have indirectly suggested a role for each of the extracellular domains of the selectins in cell adhesion. In this study, a panel of chimeric selectins created by exchange of domains between L- and P-selectin was used to directly examine the role of the extracellular domains in cell adhesion. Exchange of only the lectin domains between L- and P-selectin conferred the adhesive and ligand recognition functions of the lectin domain of the parent molecule. However, chimeric selectins which contained both the lectin domain of L-selectin and the EGF-like domain of P-selectin exhibited dual ligand-binding specificity. These chimeric proteins supported adhesion both to myeloid cells and to high endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph nodes and mesenteric venules in vivo. Exchange of the SCR domains had no detectable effect on receptor function or specificity. Thus, the EGF-like domain of P-selectin may play a direct role in ligand recognition and leukocyte adhesion mediated by P-selectin, with the lectin plus EGF-like domains collectively forming a functional ligand recognition unit.
On the histochemistry and ultrastructure of the tegument and associated structures of the cercaria of Zoogonoides viviparus in the first intermediate host

Abstract The tegument of the cercaria of Zoogonoides viviparus has been studied in detail using the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The greatest part of the cercarial body is provided with long, recurved spines. The anterior end of the cercaria is extremely specialized. A circle of microvilli, about 5 µ long, is found around the mouth. Numerous sensory structures composed of a central cilium and nervous tissue penetrating the tegument are found throughout the body, but in large numbers on the anterior end near the mouth. Apical to the mouth the invaginated stylet and the openings of the penetration glands are found. At least three distinct types of cells connect with the syncytial tegument. One type is similar to tegumentary cells previously described from most adult trematodes. In addition, what appear to be two types of cystogenous cells are found. The secretory products of these cells are released into the tegument. The tegument covers the external surface as well as the pharynx and oes...
Automatic synthesis of dynamic fault trees from UML system models

The reliability of a computer-based system may be as important as its performance and its correctness of computation. It is worthwhile to estimate system reliability at the conceptual design stage, since reliability can influence the subsequent design decisions and may often be pivotal for making trade-offs or in establishing system cost. In this paper we describe a framework for modeling computer-based systems, based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), that facilitates automated dependability analysis during design. An algorithm to automatically synthesize dynamic fault trees (DFTs) from the UML system model is developed. We succeed both in embedding information needed for reliability analysis within the system model and in generating the DFT Thereafter, we evaluate our approach using examples of real systems. We analytically compute system unreliability from the algorithmically developed DFT and we compare our results with the analytical solution of manually developed DFTs. Our solutions produce the same results as manually generated DFTs.
Platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta synergistically potentiate inflammatory mediator synthesis by fibroblast-like synoviocytes

Introduction The objective of this study was to model the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), both present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovia, on the behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)) challenge.
Potential of Regional and Seasonal Requirements in US Regulation of Fresh Lemon Imports

Peterson regional destination and seasonal access restrictions are regulatory options available to mitigate pest risk on imported fresh fruits and vegetables rather than impose an import ban. This paper analyses the economic effects of potential entry of Argentine lemons into the United States under alternative geographic and seasonal restrictions. One challenge to assessing the economic effect of entry is determining the post-entry quantity of Argentine exports. Using a homothetic trans-log expenditure function, we calibrate a set of reservation prices for US demand for Argentine lemons based on observed prices and quantities of other lemon varieties. These are compared with a set of projected entry prices to determine whether entry will occur and post-entry export levels. Across the policy scenarios, Argentine lemon exports to the United States range from 8.0 to 14.9 million kg. Higher prices for Argentine lemons reduce its exports to the European Union and other markets, while lemon exports from Chile and Mexico are adversely affected. Broader applications of regional and/or seasonal restrictions may be effective policies for achieving pest risk mitigation goals in a manner consistent with WTO obligations to minimise distortions to trade.
Distribution of Energy Use and Biomass Among Species of North American Terrestrial Birds

The distribution of biomass and energy use among species with different body sizes provides an empirical basis for studying ecological processes that determine species diversity. Biomass and energy use distributions were determined for North Amer- ican terrestrial birds from data on population density and body mass of 380 species and data on energy use obtained from the literature. Using these data, several hypotheses regarding the specific form of biomass (summed for all species in a body size category) and energy use distributions were evaluated. Biomass continued to increase in successive log body mass intervals, but this was not due simply to increasing species numbers. Energy use initially increased in these same intervals but leveled off above a body mass of 80 g. Energy used by average populations of individual species was uniformly distributed between the lower and upper bounds of each log body mass interval. In addition, the upper boundaries on biomass and energy use for individual species paralleled closely the biomass and energy use distributions. Quali- tatively similar patterns were obtained for plant- and animal-eating birds considered sep- arately, and for birds in 14 arbitrarily defined subregions of the North American continent. There were important quantitative differences among energy use distributions for the 14 subregions. Subregions at lower latitudes had energy use distributions that were nearly an order of magnitude higher than those of regions at higher latitudes. These results imply that previous hypotheses to explain biomass and energy use distributions were not of sufficient generality to account for both similarities among distributions of very different systems (e.g., birds and aquatic plankton) and spatial variation among systems composed of similar species. A more general hypothesis should consider the importance of inherent physiological constraints on energy use and environmental limitations on energy avail- ability. The processes that influence resource allocation in a large assemblage of many species may result in statistical patterns of energy use and biomass that tend to maximize ecological quantities analogous to entropy in statistical physical systems.
Anxiety and somatic symptoms as predictors of treatment-related adverse events in major depressive disorder

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the degree of anxiety or somatic symptoms present before treatment with the subsequent diagnosis of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) enrolled in an 8-week open trial of fluoxetine (20 mg). Baseline symptom questionnaires (SQ) were completed by 170 MDD patients enrolled in the trial. We then tested whether pre-treatment scores for anxiety and somatic symptoms predicted (1) whether patients were subsequently diagnosed with TRAEs; (2) whether they were subsequently diagnosed with moderate or severe TRAEs; or (3) whether a greater number of TRAEs were diagnosed during the trial. We found that depressed patients who presented with prominent somatic symptoms were significantly more likely to report at least one moderate or severe side effect during the course of treatment, but not more likely to report a greater number of side effects. Pre-treatment anxiety was not related to the development of side effects.
Assessment of patient position for fiberoptic intubation using videolaryngoscopy

Abstract Study Objective: To compare laryngoscopic appearance obtained during flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy with the patient's atlanto-occipital joint in the neutral and extended positions. Design: Controlled clinical trial with each patient (in the neutral position) acting as his or her own control. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patients: 20 adult ASA physical status I and II patients, without anatomical airway abnormalities, undergoing elective surgical procedures. Interventions: Fiberoptic laryngoscopy was performed on each patient with his or her atlanto-occipital joint in the neutral and extended positions. Measurements and Main Results: Photographs of the laryngoscopic appearances were graded on a scale of 1 to 4 by a blinded observer according to the proportion of the laryngeal inlet visible. Atlanto-occipital extension improved laryngoscopic appearance in 14 cases and produced no change in the remaining 6. Conclusion: Atlanto-occipital extension is a useful maneuver during attempted fiberoptic intubation.
Detrimental externalities, nonconvexities and technical change

Abstract This paper reexamines the implications of detrimental externalities for the nonconvexity of the social production set. A simple model, allowing for induced technical change, is developed to illustrate that the imposition of effluent changes can induce technological changes which serve to ameliorate these nonconvexities.
CD1d1 Mutant Mice Are Deficient in Natural T Cells That PromptlyProduce IL-4

Murine CD1 has been implicated in the development and function of an unusual subset of T cells, termed natural T (NT) cells, that coexpress the T cell receptor (TCR) and the natural killer cell receptor NK1.1. Activated NT cells promptly produce large amounts of IL-4, suggesting that these cells can influence the differentiation of CD4+ effector T cell subsets. We have generated mice that carry a mutant CD1d1 gene. NT cell numbers in the thymus, spleen, and liver of these mice were dramatically reduced. Activated splenocytes from mutant mice did not produce IL-4, whereas similarly treated wild-type splenocytes secreted large amounts of this cytokine. These results demonstrate a critical role for CD1 in the positive selection and function of NT cells.
Marino Sanudo Torsello, Byzantium and the Turks: The Background to the Anti-Turkish League of 1332-1334

MARINO Sanudo Torsello (ca. 1270-1343) stands out among the many crusading propagandists of the early fourteenth century. He shared with all of them the desire to recover the Holy Lands, and with some of them the belief that this task could only be accomplished by an attack on Egypt; but he was unique in his knowledge of the political and economic forces at work, in the practicability of many of his suggestions, and in the influence his ideas had on political developments. Perhaps the single fact that best explains Marino Sanudo's work as a crusading propagandist is his nationality: he was a Venetian, son of a member of the Senate, born around 1270. He was a relative of the Sanudi who governed Naxos and Andros, and spent a considerable portion of his life in the "Romania," that is, the Byzantine Empire and those parts of Greece which were under Latin rule.' He acquired a profound knowledge of the affairs of these areas, of the temper of the inhabitalits, of the dangers presented by the advances of Turks and Mongols; in other words, Sanudo was an expert on the affairs of the East, and was tretated as such by his country as well Cas by the Popes and other European potentates with whom he corresponded. IHis nationality also greatly influenced his thought. Although he wrote, "I am not in the service of any man or commune," and he may have believed it, his crusading projects always took into account Venice's political and economic interests; and in the latter part of his life he prob(ably acted as an official or unofficial Venetian envoy to the King, of Naples, the Pope, the King of France. Marino Sanudo's work as a propagandist of the crusade has been discussed by MIagnocavallo, and by Atiy-a among others. This article is concerned with a p.articular aspect of his work, that is, his attitude toward and his relations with Byzantium. This subject has never been treated in any detail, and yet it had ramifications of great importance. Insofar as Sanudo reflected official Venetian policy, his attitude toward the Byzantines, which developed concomitantly with his rising concern about the Turks, clarified the policy of Venice in the Levant. Marino Sanudo's work reflected the increasing fear of the Turks that spurred Venice, the Pope, and the Byzantines to gloss over their mistrust of one another,
Significant contribution of large particles to optical backscattering in the open ocean

Abstract. The light scattering properties of oceanic particles have been suggested as an alternative index of phytoplankton biomass than chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), with the benefit of being less sensitive to physiological forcings (e.g., light and nutrients) that alter the intracellular pigment concentrations. The drawback of particulate scattering is that it is not unique to phytoplankton. Nevertheless, field studies have demonstrated that, to first order, the particulate beam-attenuation coefficient (cp) can track phytoplankton biomass. The relationship between cp and the particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp), a property retrievable from space, has not been fully evaluated, largely due to a lack of open-ocean field observations. Here, we present extensive data on inherent optical properties from the Equatorial Pacific surface waters and demonstrate a remarkable coherence in bbp and cp. Coincident measurements of particle size distributions (PSDs) and optical properties of size-fractionated samples indicate that this covariance is due to both the conserved nature of the PSD and a greater contribution of phytoplankton-sized particles to bbp than theoretically predicted. These findings suggest that satellite-derived bbpcould provide similar information on phytoplankton biomass in the open ocean as cp.
Subchondral and epiphyseal bone remodeling following surgical transection and noninvasive rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament as models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis

Summary Objective Animal models are frequently used to study post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). A common anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury model is surgical transection, which may introduce confounding factors from surgery. Noninvasive models could model human injury more closely. The purpose of this study was to compare subchondral and epiphyseal trabecular bone remodeling after surgical transection and noninvasive rupture of the ACL. Methods Thirty-six rats were randomized to an uninjured control, surgical transection (Transection), or noninvasive rupture (Rupture). Animals were randomized to 4 or 10 week time points ( n = 6 per group). Micro computed tomography (μCT) imaging was performed with an isotropic voxel size of 12 μm. Subchondral and epiphyseal bone was segmented semi-automatically, and morphometric analysis was performed. Results Transection caused a greater decrease in subchondral bone volume fraction (BV/TV) than Rupture in the femur and tibia. Rupture had greater subchondral bone tissue mineral density (TMD) at 4 and 10 weeks in the femur and tibia. Subchondral bone thickness (SCB.Th) was decreased in the femur in Transection only. Epiphyseal BV/TV was decreased in Transection only, and Rupture exhibited increased femoral epiphyseal TMD compared to both Control and Transection. Rupture exhibited greater femoral epiphyseal trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) compared to Control and Transection at 4 weeks, and both Rupture and Transection had increased femoral epiphyseal Tb.Th. at 10 weeks. Epiphyseal trabecular number (Tb.N) was decreased in both injury groups at both time points. Femoral and tibial epiphyseal structure model index (SMI) increased in both groups. Conclusions The two injury models cause differences in post-injury bone morphometry, and surgical transection may be introducing confounding factors that affect downstream bony remodeling.
Seismic Qualification — Philosophy and Methods

Criteria have been developed for selecting the best approach for verifying that critical nuclear power plant equipment will remain functional during a seismic disturbance. Selection is made from the many alternatives of test, analysis, and combination test/analysis techniques available.
Culture and Economy

The article begins by providing the definitions of economy and culture, and then reviews classical sociologists' contributions to the topic. Next, we distinguish between two approaches. The first one uses culture as a starting point of inquiry, and examines the production and distribution of cultural objects and corporate and market culture. The second approach focuses on explaining economic phenomena through an examination of the regulatory and constitutive effects of culture on them, including in spheres of production, consumption, and economic development and globalization. In the second of these two approaches, conceptual differences are made between considering culture as part of the context that shapes economic outcomes and examining culture as constitutive of economic processes. Understanding economics as a cultural system and performativity of economic theories is also discussed.
Investment Performance: A Review and Synthesis

This chapter provides a perspective on the rapidly developing literature on investment performance evaluation. I use the stochastic discount factor approach to present and critique current performance measurement techniques in a unified setting. I offer a number of suggestions to improve performance measurement in future research. I also review recent research on the performance of mutual funds, hedge funds, pension funds, and other investment vehicles.
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Female Patients: An Overview of Management and Treatment

Several major factors have contributed to the current availability of highly successful techniques for the management of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in female patients. Since UTI cannot be diagnosed by symptoms alone, greater accuracy in diagnostic techniques that establish whether bacteria in the voided urine are present in the bladder urine is the most important factor. Second, the recognition that almost all recurrent UTIs are reinfections is crucial. Third, it has been observed that bacteriuria in female patients is preceded by colonization of the introital mucosa of the vagina and urethra with Enterobacteriaceae from the rectal flora; it is at these sites that oral antimicrobial agents can determine the character of subsequent reinfections of the urinary tract. A fourth factor is the development of highly effective prophylactic regimens, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, cinoxacin, and cephalexin. In addition, the management of patients with UTI has improved because correctable causes of bacterial persistence are now well recognized and there is an improved understanding of the kinds of patients at increased risk. Finally, new antimicrobial agents with more favorable pharmacokinetic properties have become available.
Role of Fiber-Matrix Interfacial Shear Stress on the Toughness of Reinforced Oxide Matrix Composites

Mullite and zircon ceramic matrix composites uniaxially reinforced with as-supplied and BN-coated silicon carbide filaments were fabricated. The filament-matrix interfacial shear stresses were measured by a modified indentation technique and mechanical properties were determined in flexure mode. Significant improvements in strength and toughness were observed for the composites in comparison to monolithic mullite and zircon ceramics. Lower filament-matrix interfacial shear stresses were measured in composites with BN-coated filaments than in composites containing as-supplied filaments. The influence of filament-matrix interfacial shear stress on the critical stress for first matrix cracking, maximum composite strength, and toughness of the composites were studied.
Mexicos MBA Programs: Seven Years Into NAFTA

In its first seven years the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, has generated growth and stability for the Mexican economy. As a result of this success, the demand for academically trained managers increased and enrollment in MBA programs almost quadrupled. Despite this remarkable growth in enrollment, the total student population in MBA programs is relatively small and their academic standards are rather low. It is expected, however, that as NAFTA and other similar treaties continue modernizing Mexicos economy, the academic standards will rise and enrollment will be in proportion to the size of the economy.
Body shape and women's attractiveness : The critical role of waist-to-hip ratio.

This paper examines the role of body fat distribution as measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on the judgment of women’s physical attractiveness. It presents evidence that WHR is correlated with a woman’s reproductive endocrinological status and long-term health risk. Three studies were conducted to investigate whether humans have perceptual and cognitive mechanisms to utilize the WHR to infer attributes of women’s health, youthfulness, attractiveness, and reproductive capacity. College-age as well as older subjects of both sexes rank female figures with normal weight and low WHR as attractive and assign to them higher reproductive capability. The study concludes that WHR is a reliable and honest signal of a woman’s reproductive potential. The adaptive significance of body fat distribution and its role in mate selection is also discussed.
Simultaneous Identification and Susceptibility Determination to Multiple Antibiotics of Staphylococcus aureus by Bacteriophage Amplification Detection Combined with Mass Spectrometry

The continued advance of antibiotic resistance in clinically relevant bacterial strains necessitates the development and refinement of assays that can rapidly and cost-effectively identify bacteria and determine their susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics. A methodology is described herein that exploits the specificity and physiology of the Staphylococci bacteriophage K to identify Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and determine its susceptibility to clindamycin and cefoxitin. The method uses liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to monitor the replication of bacteriophage after it is used to infect samples thought to contain S. aureus. Amplification of bacteriophage K indicates the sample contains S. aureus, for it is only in the presence of a suitable host that bacteriophage K can amplify. If bacteriophage amplification is detected in samples containing the antibiotics clindamycin or cefoxitin, the sample is deemed to be resistant to these antibiotics, respectively, for bacteriophage can only ampli...
Paradoxes of common knowledge revisited: a perspective from game theory and economics

Common knowledge and thus perfect coordination are impossible in any information system where there are communication errors. This is true however unlikely the communication errors and however long and detailed the communication. This is the canonical example of a "paradox" of common knowledge; such paradoxes have been studied in recent years by researchers in computer science, philosophy, economics and other fields. The study of such paradoxes served two important functions. First, researchers attempting to account for them developed formal ways of thinking about interactive knowledge. Second, because the same paradoxes attracted attention across many fields, they forced (encouraged?!) researchers in the different fields to talk to each other.
Research on Conformance Simulation Testing System Based on IEC 61850

On the basis of researching the architecture of IEC 61850 standard, a conformance-testing scheme that follows this standard is proposed. By use of self-developed application software such as client monitoring software, intelligent electronic device (IED) simulator at server side as well as system configuration tool, a simulation testing system is constructed and applied to the on-site testing for two typical substations. Testing results show that there are differences among different automation device manufacturers in application of IEC 61850 standard to practical engineering. Meanwhile, it is also proved by the testing process that the proposed simulation testing system possesses good interoperability, its operation is stable and the conclusion of the tests are reliable.
Reconfiguration of Intrinsic Functional Coupling Patterns Following Circumscribed Network Lesions

Communication between cortical regions is necessary for optimal cognitive processing. Functional relationships between cortical regions can be inferred through measurements of temporal synchrony in spontaneous activity patterns. These relationships can be further elaborated by surveying effects of cortical lesions upon inter-regional connectivity. Lesions to cortical hubs and heteromodal association regions are expected to induce distributed connectivity changes and higher-order cognitive deficits, yet their functional consequences remain relatively unexplored. Here, we used resting-state fMRI to investigate intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and graph theoretical metrics in 12 patients with circumscribed lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) portion of the Default Network (DN), and compared these metrics with those observed in healthy matched comparison participants and a sample of 1139 healthy individuals. Despite significant mPFC destruction, patients did not demonstrate weakened intrinsic FC among undamaged DN nodes. Instead, network-specific changes were manifested as weaker negative correlations between the DN and attentional and somatomotor networks. These findings conflict with the DN being a homogenous system functionally anchored at mPFC. Rather, they implicate a role for mPFC in mediating cross-network functional interactions. More broadly, our data suggest that lesions to association cortical hubs might induce clinical deficits by disrupting communication between interacting large-scale systems.
Single-photon emission tomography imaging of the chest

We review single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the chest for practical applications that may be used by pulmonary disease specialists. First, we cover SPECT uses in pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Second, SPECT's applications in quantitative evaluation of the lung are reviewed, with special emphasis on lung volume reduction surgery. Finally, we consider the use of SPECT to characterize somatostatin receptors in lung masses. The role of SPECT will always be compared to the ever-advancing place of positron emission tomography chest imaging for patients with pulmonary disease. We believe that SPECT will continue to help pulmonary specialists take care of their patients in the years to come.
Stochastic Model Predictive Control with Integrated Experiment Design for Nonlinear Systems

The performance of predictive control strategies often degrades over time due to growing plant-model mismatch. Closed-loop performance restoration typically requires some form of model maintenance to reduce model uncertainty. This paper presents a stochastic predictive control approach with integrated experiment design for nonlinear systems with probabilistic modeling uncertainties. The integration of predictive control with experiment design enables enhancing the information content of closed-loop data for online model adaption. The presented approach considers control-oriented experiment design to ensure adequate model adaptation (in probability) in terms of an admissible control performance level. The stochastic optimal control approach is demonstrated on a continuous bioreactor case study.
Graph clustering for weapon discharge event detection and tracking in infrared imagery using deep features

This paper addresses the problem of detecting and tracking weapon discharge event in an Infrared Imagery collection. While most of the prior work in related domains exploits the vast amount of complementary in- formation available from both visible-band (EO) and Infrared (IR) image (or video sequences), we handle the problem of recognizing human pose and activity detection exclusively in thermal (IR) images or videos. The task is primarily two-fold: 1) locating the individual in the scene from IR imagery, and 2) identifying the correct pose of the human individual (i.e. presence or absence of weapon discharge activity or intent). An efficient graph-based shortlisting strategy for identifying candidate regions of interest in the IR image utilizes both image saliency and mutual similarities from the initial list of the top scored proposals of a given query frame, which ensures an improved performance for both detection and recognition simultaneously and reduced false alarms. The proposed search strategy offers an efficient feature extraction scheme that can capture the maximum amount of object structural information by defining a region- based deep shape descriptor representing each object of interest present in the scene. Therefore, our solution is capable of handling the fundamental incompleteness of the IR imageries for which the conventional deep features optimized on the natural color images in Imagenet are not quite suitable. Our preliminary experiments on the OSU weapon dataset demonstrates significant success in automated recognition of weapon discharge events from IR imagery.
Research with Religious Communities

Much research has been conducted that focuses on specific religious communities; relatively little published literature addresses the conduct of research with religious communities. Engaging in research with religious or spiritual communities, as contrasted with writing about or doing research on these communities, presents various challenges. Foremost among these are access to the community, building trust, and recruitment. These and other issues are examined in the context of actual research studies.
The Continuing Voice of Dissent: Justice Thomas and the Federal Arbitration Act

Since 1984, a majority of the Supreme Court has held that the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) preempts conflicting state arbitration laws, and that the FAA must be applied in state courts. Consequently, federal courts have invalidated many states’ attempts to regulate arbitration. This reality has shaped American arbitration law for over three decades. Justice Clarence Thomas has vigorously fought against this approach to arbitration policy since he joined the Supreme Court. Indeed, he has been among the most vocal and consistent opponents of the application of the FAA in state court proceedings. Yet his voice has always been in dissent, most recently in the December 2015 decision in DIRECTV, Inc. v. Imburgia. This Article represents the most comprehensive examination to date of Justice Thomas’ views on both the FAA and arbitration more broadly. Beginning with a background on the FAA’s history and the Supreme Court’s arbitration jurisprudence, it explores his unique judicial philosophy and its intersection with arbitration policy. In an area of procedural law that evades facile labels of ‘liberal’ and ‘conservative,’ Justice Thomas shows the ways in which a conservative preference for states’ rights can actually lead to liberal procedural and substantive outcomes.
Quantifying Systemic Risk and Reconceptualizing the Role of Finance for Economic Growth

Contingent claims analysis (CCA) has formed part of the core of modern financial theory since the early 1970s as basis for many credit risk measurement methods. The adaptation of CCA for the measurement and analysis of systemic risk that arises due to the cross-exposures of economic sectors is a new and promising area for applications of finance in the future. Finance tools can be adapted to analyze a wide range of macro issues including sovereign risk, economic output, and economy-wide risk transmission.Modern finance provides a way to unify macroeconomics, risk-adjusted balance sheets, and risk transmission.We demonstrate that the traditional macroeconomic accounts, in particular the flow-of-funds, can be derived as a special case of a risk-adjusted balance sheet of the economic sectors when asset volatility is ignored.We show that the CCA macroeconomic balance sheet can be used to identify the contribution of the financial sector to an important new measure of economic output value, which adjusts the traditional flow-based measures of GDP, and its components, for the level of risk. Systemic risk can be analyzed using a portfolio of implicit put options in the financial sector using a multivariate dependence structure. The systemic risk dynamics are interlinked with the new measures of risk-adjusted economic value via the CCA balance sheets and put-call parity relationships. In this way, the contribution of the financial sector to risk-adjusted economic output can be measured conditional on the public cost of the joint contingent claim of financial sector activity.
Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial genetic effects on economic traits in dairy cattle

49 INTRODUCTION 50 MATERIALS AND METHODS 53 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 59 CONCLUSIONS 75 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 77 REFERENCES 78 APPENDIX 1 81
Functional Relationships of Freshwater Invertebrates

Abstract This chapter discusses functional attributes and distribution of inland water invertebrates of the world. The initial section covers the distribution of benthic and planktonic (including neuston) invertebrates along environmental gradients in rivers (longitudinal, lateral, and hydrogeomorphic), lakes (littoral, planktonic, hypolimnetic), and wetlands (ephemeral and relatively permanent). The next section examines the nature of aquatic-terrestrial ecotones and the organisms inhabiting these areas. Acquisition of energy is analyzed from perspectives of biodiversity traits, including functional feeding groups. These sections are followed by extensive analysis of food webs, with an emphasis on food web techniques (including the newest compound specific stable isotope procedures involving amino acids) and identification of carbon sources supporting food webs in lotic and lentic habitats. The chapter concludes with an analysis of density dependent (competition and predation) and independent (environmental fluctuations in a stochastic environment) control of species diversity and abundance. This last section covers historical perspectives in aquatic ecology research, including the role of predators (e.g., trophic cascades), intermediate disturbance hypothesis, and patch mosaics.
Instrumental neutron activation analysis, a technique for measurement of Se, Hg, Fe, Zn, K, Mn, Br, and the Hg:Se ratio in brain tissue samples with results from the Memory and Aging Project (MAP)

An INAA method for measurement of Se, Hg, Fe, Cr, Zn, Mn, K, and Br in autopsy cerebellum, anterior putamen, white matter, mid-frontal cortex, and inferior temporal lobe. Se, Hg, Fe, Cr, and Zn were measured autopsy samples collected from participants of the Memory and Aging Project. The first study examined the association between seafood consumption, brain Hg and Se, Apolipoprotein E (APOE-e4) status, and brain neuropathology. Following the initial study, the samples were archived. A subsequent method was developed to measure Mn, K, and Br in the archived brain tissue samples.
Resilient Cooperative Control of DC Microgrids

Existing cooperative control of DC microgrids rely on a communication network that makes them vulnerable to cyber attacks. A trust-based cooperative controller is proposed that can mitigate adverse effects of attacks on communication links and controller hijacking. It only requires local and neighbor information to detect and mitigate an attack. The proposed solution is evaluated using a hardware-in-the-loop setup under different types of attack.
Theoretical Foundations for Mobile Target Defense: Proactive Secret Sharing and Secure Multiparty Computation

One option to instantiate Mobile Target Defense (MTD) [27] strategies in distributed storage and computing systems is to design such systems from the ground up using cryptographic techniques such as secret sharing (SS) and secure multiparty computation (MPC). In standard SS a dealer shares a secret s among n parties such that an adversary corrupting no more than t parties does not learn s, while any \(t+1\) parties can efficiently recover s. MPC protocols based on secret sharing allow one to perform computations on such secret shared data without requiring reconstructing the data at a central location. MPC thus enables a set of distrusting parties to perform computation on their secret shared data while guaranteeing secrecy of their inputs and outputs, and correctness of the computation, also as long as no more than t parties are corrupted. Over a long period of time all parties may be corrupted and the threshold t may be violated, which is accounted for in proactively secure protocols such as Proactive Secret Sharing (PSS) and Proactive MPC (PMPC). Proactive security is an example of a cryptographically grounded and theoretically well-studied approach to realize MTD. PSS retains confidentiality even when a mobile adversary corrupts all parties over the lifetime of the secret, but no more than a threshold t during a certain window of time, called the refresh period. As an example of a proactively secure protocol that realizes an MTD strategy we overview the first PSS scheme secure in the presence of a dishonest majority (developed recently in [15]). The PSS scheme is robust and secure against \(t<n-2\) passive adversaries when there are no active corruptions, and secure but non-robust (but with identifiable aborts) against \(t<n/2-1\) active adversaries when there are no additional passive corruptions. The scheme is also secure (with identifiable aborts) against mixed adversaries controlling a combination of passively and actively corrupted parties such that if there are k active corruptions there are less than \(n-k-2\) total corruptions.
Enriched Piston Theory for Expedient Aeroelastic Loads Prediction in the Presence of Shock Impingements

This study assesses the robustness and efficiency of the enriched piston theory approach for modeling aeroelastic loads in the presence of impinging shocks. Both stationary and oscillating shock im...
ENIGMA OF RECURRENT PULMONARY EMBOLISM: ARTIFACT OR MASS, THROMBUS OR MYXOMA

Pulmonary emboli (PTE) are often due to lower extremity (LE) deep vein thrombosis (DVT); other etiologies are possible but less likely. 36 yo female has dyspnea and right LE DVT. CT angio (CTA) revealed right lung PTE and right atrium (RA) shadow (Fig. 1A), thought to be artifact as it was not seen
Dating Violence Perspectives of Latino College Students: Considerations for Violence Prevention Programming:

This study sought to explore dating violence perceptions from Latino students in a college setting with the goal of enhancing knowledge for developing successful culturally tailored preventive inte...
A Little Goes a Long Way: Serial Transmission of Twitter Content Associated with Hurricane Irma and Implications for Crisis Communication

Although numerous studies have attempted to analyze Twitter content related to crises and disasters, less is known about the prominence of serial transmission or the message attributes that drive retweeting. The current study examined 3.57 million tweets collected in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma. The findings suggest that informational tweets, those containing specific imperative language, and those containing graphic elements played a more prominent role in the conversation. Likelihood of serial transmission was not related to follower count or account verification. Implications for emergency management are discussed.
Comparison of New Octagonal Cell Topology for 1.2 kV 4H-SiC JBSFETs with Linear and Hexagonal Topologies: Analysis and Experimental Results

This paper compares experimentally obtained electrical characteristics of a novel Octagonal (Oct) cell topology for 1.2 kV-rated 4H-SiC JBSFETs with the Linear and Hexagonal (Hex) cell topologies for the first time. The various cell topologies were fabricated using the same process flow at a 6-inch foundry. The third quadrant on-state voltage drop for the JBS diode in the Oct JBSFET was matched with the Linear cell design by using adequate JBS diode area within the cell. Experimental results demonstrate that the Oct JBSFET has 1.7× and 2.2× better HF-FOM [ $\mathbf{R}_{\mathbf{on}}\times \mathbf{Q}_{\mathbf{gd}}$ ] compared with the Linear and Hex cell JBSFETs, respectively. In addition, the Oct JBSFETs have a much superior [C iss /C rss ] ratio to suppress shoot through currents during high frequency switching.
An enhanced bloom index for quantifying floral phenology using multi-scale remote sensing observations

Abstract Floral phenology, the timing and intensity of flowering, is intimately tied to the reproduction of terrestrial ecosystem and highly sensitive to climate change. However, observational records of flowering are very sparse, limiting our understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of floral phenology from local to regional scales. Satellite remote sensing provides unique opportunities to monitor flowers through space and time in a cost-effective way. Here we developed an enhanced bloom index (EBI), based on the multispectral remotely sensed data, to quantify flowering status over almond (Prunus dulcis) orchards in Central Valley of California. Our test studies with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery at 2.6–5.2 cm demonstrated that the EBI enhanced the signals of flowers and reduced the background noise from soil and green vegetation, and agreed well with the bloom coverage derived from supervised classification, with a R2 of 0.72. Experimental tests with multi-scale remote sensing observations from CERES aerial (0.2 m), PlanetScope (3 m), Sentinel-2 (10 m), and Landsat (30 m) satellite imagery further showed the robustness of the EBI in capturing the flower information. We found that the relatively dense time series of PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 imagery were able to capture the bloom dynamics of almond orchards. Satellite derived EBI is expected to track the bloom information and thus improve our understanding and prediction of flower and pollination response to weather and ultimately the yield.
Neuroimaging in Aggression and IED

Abstract Neuroimaging studies spanning structural and functional methods support a model specifying some key neural substrates underlying normal human aggression and problematic impulsive aggression as exemplified by those diagnosed with IED. These brain regions include the amygdala, with its rapid threat-detecting properties particularly tuned to social threat, and the orbitofrontal cortex, which regulates the amygdala and appears to play a role in the experience of anger as well as social threat processing and responding. IED is associated with alterations in these brain regions. Additional portions of the frontal lobe and the temporoparietal junction are emerging as having key roles, as well, for aggression and its regulation. Overall, this picture is consistent with the complex nature of neurocognitive determinants of human aggression, as well as with the relative newness of neuroimaging methods in research, yielding some converging evidence, but some that is in need of further, more rigorous study.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) USING LINKED DNA MARKERS AND MICROVILLAR INTESTINAL ENZYME ANALYSIS

We are performing prenatal diagnosis of CF in families with 1 in 4 risk using linked DNA markers and amniotic fluid microvillar incestinal enzyme (MIE) analysis. The probes and RFLPs used for DNA analysis are as follows: metH with MspI and TaqI: metD with TaqI and BanI; D7S8 with MspI and TaqI. Using these probes in over 100 couples at 1 in 4 risk, 77% were fully informative. We have studied 53 pregnancies with 1 in 4 risk using DNA alone in 11, DNA and MIE in 26, and MIE alone in 16. DNA samples were obtained by chorionic villus sampling in 13 cases and by amniocentesis in 24 cases. For the 26 cases studied by DNA and MIE, results of both tests were conclusive and in agreement for 20 cases, and one test was diagnostic in 4 of the remaining cases. In only 2 of the 53 cases studied, no adequate diagnosis was achieved, because the fetus was at 50% risk by DNA data and MIE analysis was inconclusive. For 13 pregnancies predicted to be affected, 7 were terminated, 5 were born affected and 1 is awaiting outcome. For 37 pregnancies predicted to be unaffected, 11 were born unaffected and 26 are awaiting outcome. Assuming a recombination fraction of 0.01 between CF and the DNA loci, molecular prenatal diagnosis for affected or unaffected status would be 96%, 98% or >99% accurate if the fetus is predicted to be affected, carrier or noncarrier respectively. Use of flanking DNA markers or combination with MIE analysis can increase accuracy to >99%.
Factors Associated With Delay of Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Background & Aims We examined the frequency of and factors associated with delays in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of patients with cirrhosis in the Veterans Health Administration. Methods In a retrospective study, we collected and analyzed data from the Veterans Health Administration’s electronic health records. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to identify factors associated with a delay in diagnosis of HCC of more than 60 days following a red flag (defined as the earliest date at which a diagnosis of HCC could have been made, based on American Association for the Study of Liver Disease 2005 guidelines). We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the effects of delayed diagnosis on survival, adjusting for patient and provider characteristics. Results Among 655 patients with cirrhosis and a diagnosis of HCC from 2006 through 2011, 46.9% had a delay in diagnosis of more than 60 days following a red flag for HCC. Delays in diagnosis for more than 60 days were significantly associated with lack of provider adherence to the guidelines (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.82; 95% CI, 3.12–7.45), a diagnostic imaging evaluation instead of only measurement of alfa fetoprotein (adjusted OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.09–6.24), and diagnosis as an incidental finding during examination for an unrelated medical problem (compared with an HCC-related assessment) (adjusted OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.09–4.67). Diagnostic delays of 60 days or more were associated with lower mortality compared to patients without a delay in diagnosis (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.47–0.68 and adjusted hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50–0.78). Conclusions Nearly half of veterans with cirrhosis have delays in diagnosis of HCC of 60 days or more after a red flag, defined by guidelines. Interventions are needed to improve timely follow-up of red flags for HCC and adherence to guidelines, to increase early detection of HCC.