cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Midterm endothelial function and remodeling of radial artery grafts anastomosed to the aorta.

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the midterm endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity of radial artery grafts anastomosed to the aorta, as well as their morphometric evolution with the time. Methods: Five years after surgery we evaluated the response of aorta-anastomosed radial artery grafts to the endovascular infusion of acetylcholine in 11 of the first 61 patients operated on at our institution, and we compared it to the response with that of internal thoracic artery grafts. Moreover, the first 20 patients who had a perfect radial artery graft on angiography at 1 year were restudied at 5 years and subjected to a comparative analysis of the diameters of the radial artery graft and the grafted coronary arteries. Results: At midterm angiography, dilation of the 2 types of grafts was similar in response to acetylcholine administration (radial artery, from 2.61 ± 0.39 to 2.90 ± 0.34 mm; internal thoracic artery, from 2.68 ± 0.21 to 2.93 ± 0.27 mm; P =.01 for both). The diameters of aorta-anastomosed radial artery grafts and grafted coronary arteries increased between both 1 and 5 years according to angiographic studies (radial artery grafts, from 2.08 ± 0.45 to 2.54 ± 0.53 mm; grafted coronary arteries, from 1.92 ± 0.47 to 2.18 ± 0.41 mm; P P Conclusions: Aorta-anastomosed radial artery grafts maintain an appreciable capacity for endothelium-dependent vasodilatation 5 years after implantation and undergo a progressive increase in luminal diameter with time. These observations contradict the presumed tendency for progressive fibrous intimal hyperplasia to develop in radial artery grafts. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:298-301)
Different consequences of cataract-associated mutations at adjacent positions in the first extracellular boundary of connexin50

Gap junction channels, which are made of connexins, are critical for intercellular communication, a function that may be disrupted in a variety of diseases. We studied the consequences of two cataract-associated mutations at adjacent positions at the first extracellular boundary in human connexin50 (Cx50), W45S and G46V. Both of these mutants formed gap junctional plaques when they were expressed in HeLa cells, suggesting that they trafficked to the plasma membrane properly. However, their functional properties differed. Dual two-microelectrode voltage-clamp studies showed that W45S did not form functional intercellular channels in paired Xenopus oocytes or hemichannel currents in single oocytes. When W45S was coexpressed with wild-type Cx50, the mutant acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of wild-type function. In contrast, G46V formed both functional gap junctional channels and hemichannels. G46V exhibited greatly enhanced currents compared with wild-type Cx50 in the presence of physiological calcium concentrations. This increase in hemichannel activity persisted when G46V was coexpressed with wild-type lens connexins, consistent with a dominant gain of hemichannel function for G46V. These data suggest that although these two mutations are in adjacent amino acids, they have very different effects on connexin function and cause disease by different mechanisms: W45S inhibits gap junctional channel function; G46V reduces cell viability by forming open hemichannels.
Dimensional analysis, using computer symbolic mathematics

Abstract This paper describes a computer-algebra program that performs automatic dimensional analysis. The user merely provides a list of the types of physical quantities involved in a problem, and the program produces a minimum-size set of nondimensional groupings of these quantities. These groupings reveal qualitative information about the solution, and they may reduce the necessary number of variables that must be varied independently in an experimental or numerical solution of the problem.
Abstract 840: Caspase 2 short isoform interacts with membrane-associated cytoskeleton proteins to inhibit apoptosis.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Caspase-2 (casp-2) is the most conserved caspase across species, and is one of the initiator caspases activated by various stimuli. The casp-2 gene produces several alternative splicing isoforms. The exclusion of exon 9 results in the dominant casp-2 long isoform (casp-2L) mRNA, while the inclusion of exon 9 leads to the inclusion of an in-frame stop codon in casp-2, resulting in a short isoform (casp-2S) mRNA. It is believed that casp-2L promotes apoptosis, whereas casp-2S inhibits apoptosis. However, the effect of casp-2S on apoptosis is still controversial, and the underlying mechanism for casp-2S-mediated apoptosis inhibition is unclear. Here, we analyzed the effects of casp-2S on DNA damage induced apoptosis by “gain-of-function” and “loss-of-function” effects in ovarian cancer cell lines. We have clearly demonstrated that over-expression of casp-2S inhibited, while knockdown of casp-2S promoted, the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, as revealed by the detection of PARP cleavage and Annexin V staining. To explore the mechanism for casp-2S-mediated apoptosis inhibition, we analyzed proteins interacting with casp-2S in cells by using mass spectrometry (MS) and immunoprecipitation (IP). We have identified two cytoskeleton proteins, Fodrin and α-Actinin 4, associated with casp-2S in HeLa cells and confirmed this interaction by reciprocal IP. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that casp-2S primarily resides in the cytoplasm, and inhibits DNA damage-induced cytoplasmic Fodrin cleavage independently of cellular p53 status. Given that Fodrin cleavage is critical to the apoptotic membrane blebbing, we hypothesized that casp-2S may inhibit the blebbing during apoptosis. Interestingly, immunofluorescence studies did show that over-expression of casp-2S inhibited the cisplatin-induced membrane blebbing. Taken together, our data suggest that casp-2S interacts with the membrane-associated cytoskeleton protein Fodrin, protecting it from cleavage, to affect the formation of membrane blebbing and apoptosis. (Supported by NIH grant CA151248 to QEW, and CA93413 to AAW) Citation Format: Chunhua Han, Ran Zhao, Altaf A. Wani, Qi-En Wang. Caspase 2 short isoform interacts with membrane-associated cytoskeleton proteins to inhibit apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 840. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-840
Display of epitopes on the surface of tobacco mosaic virus: impact of charge and isoelectric point of the epitope on virus-host interactions

The biophysical properties of the tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) coat protein (CP) make it possible to display foreign peptides on the surface of TMV. The immunogenic epitopes G5-24 from the rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein, and 5B19 from murine hepatitis virus (MHV) S-glycoprotein were successfully displayed on the surface of TMV, and viruses accumulated to high levels in infected leaves of Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi-nn. The peptide RB19, which contains an arginine residue plus the 5B19 epitope fused to the CP (TMV-RB19), resulted in the induction of necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum Xanthi-nn and cell death of infected BY2 protoplasts. RNA dot blot assays confirmed that expression of the acidic and basic pathogenesis-related PR2 genes were induced in infected Xanthi-nn leaf tissue. TMV that carried epitope 31D from the RV nucleoprotein did not accumulate in inoculated tobacco leaves. Analysis of hybrid CPs predicted that the isoelectric points (pI):charge value was 5.31:-2 for wild-type CP, 5.64:-1 for CP-RB19, and 9.14:+2 for CP-31D. When acidic amino acids were inserted in CP-RB19 and CP-31D to bring their pI:charge to near that of wild-type CP, the resulting viruses TMV-RB19E and TMV-4D:31D infected N. tabacum Xanthi-nn plants and BY2 protoplasts without causing cell death. These data show the importance of the pI of the epitope and its effects on the hybrid CP pI:charge value for successful epitope display as well as the lack of tolerance to positively charged epitopes on the surface of TMV.
A model for frequency domain experiments

We present a meta-model which is useful for understanding simulation frequency domain experiments. This model consists of polynomial gain followed by a linear filter with additive noise. The assumptions for performing frequency domain experiments are thus made explicit. We demonstrate how the model leads to a straightforward mechanism for factor screening via statistical hypothesis testing.
Squamous cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney.

The authors describe a case report of a squamous cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney and summarize the literature.
Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance in the Biological Control of Potato Scab Disease

Abstract Mutants of the pathogenic Streptomyces scabies strain RB4 that are resistant to an antibiotic produced by the potato-scab-suppressive isolate S. diastatochromogenes strain PonSSII arose spontaneously at a frequency of 10 −4 . These mutants were also resistant to the antibiotic produced by the scab-suppressive S. scabies strain PonR. Eleven of these mutants were analyzed for differences in their fatty acid and DNA fingerprint profiles and in their abilities to produce the phytotoxin thaxtomin and to cause scab disease. Only minor differences between the mutants and the parent isolate were observed in fatty acid composition. By DNA fingerprint analysis, the mutants were closely related to the parent strain but most of the mutants were missing one or more of the PCR-amplified DNA bands. The mutants tended to cause less disease than the parent strain as measured by percentage lesion coverage. When the total number of lesions per tuber was quantified, the average level of disease caused by the mutants was comparable to that of the parent strain. Two of the 11 mutants lost pathogenicity and thaxtomin production altogether. These results indicate the occurrence of a high frequency of phenotypic and potential genotypic instability in the pathogen strain. The resulting variants are closely related but are resistant to the antibiotics produced by scab-suppressive streptomycetes and are generally less pathogenic.
Neutron spectrum at 0° from 83.7 MeV deuterons on beryllium

The neutron spectrum measured at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from 83.7 MeV deuteron bombardment of a thick beryllium target is bell-shaped with a peak at about 34 MeV and a full width at half maximum of about 22 MeV. Measurements down to 4 MeV show no indication of an evaporation peak. While the shape of the spectrum calculated on the basis of the Serber model for deuteron stripping is similar to the observed shape, the width of the calculated spectrum is broader than that observed. The broadening occurs primarily on the low-energy side of the spectrum. The same features are revealed in further calculations of the 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} spectrum from 53.8 MeV deuterons on a thick beryllium target.
BRAF Gene Amplification Can Promote Acquired Resistance to MEK Inhibitors in Cancer Cells Harboring the BRAF V600E Mutation

Oncogenic BRAF mutations are found in several tumor types, including melanomas and colorectal cancers. Tumors with BRAF mutations have increased mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activity and heightened sensitivity to BRAF and MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors. To identify potential mechanisms of acquired drug resistance, we generated clones resistant to the allosteric MEK inhibitor AZD6244 from two BRAF V600E mutant colorectal cancer cell lines that are highly sensitive to MEK or BRAF inhibition. These AZD6244-resistant (AR) clones, which exhibited cross-resistance to BRAF inhibitors, acquired resistance through amplification of the BRAF gene. A small percentage of treatment-naive parental cells showed preexisting BRAF amplification. We observed similar amplification in a subset of cells in a BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. In cell lines, BRAF amplification increased the abundance of phosphorylated MEK and impaired the ability of AZD6244 to inhibit ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation. The ability of AZD6244 to inhibit ERK phosphorylation in AR cells was restored by treatment with a BRAF inhibitor at low concentrations that reduced the abundance of phosphorylated MEK to amounts observed in parental cells. Combined MEK and BRAF inhibition fully overcame resistance to MEK or BRAF inhibitors alone and was also more effective in parental cells compared to treatment with either inhibitor alone. These findings implicate BRAF amplification as a mechanism of resistance to both MEK and BRAF inhibitors and suggest combined MEK and BRAF inhibition as a clinical strategy to overcome, or possibly prevent, this mechanism of resistance.
Intravenous immunoglobulin selectively decreases circulating autoantibodies in pemphigus.

Background Autoantibody-mediated diseases such as pemphigus are caused by a single or very limited number of pathogenic autoantibodies. A major problem with all current therapies for these diseases is that they target all antibodies rather than selectively targeting only pathogenic antibodies. The following study was conducted to confirm observations made in a limited number of patients that suggest intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may be able to selectively lower serum levels of only abnormal autoantibodies. Methods The study was conducted in 12 patients who received IVIg for the treatment of recalcitrant pemphigus. Serum levels of antibodies to desmoglein 1 (Dsg 1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg 3) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immediately before IVIg treatment and following a median of 2 cycles (range, 1-3) of treatment. As control, serum levels of several normal antibodies (against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, mumps, and varicella) were measured concurrently. Results Within a median of 2 weeks following the last cycle of IVIg serum, anti-Dsg 3 declined in all patients who tested positive at baseline and in 8 of 10 (80%) patients testing positive for anti-Dsg 1. On average, anti-Dsg 3 decreased by 45% and anti-Dsg 1 by 32%. By contrast, serum levels of the 4 normal antibodies increased in almost all patients, by an average of 408% ( P Limitations Correlation of clinical response to treatment with IVIg was not performed. The sample size was limited. Conclusion These results indicate that IVIg can selectively and markedly decrease serum levels of abnormal antibodies in pemphigus without decreasing the levels of normal antibodies. Thus IVIg appears able to achieve the ideal goal of treatment in autoantibody-mediated diseases—selectively removing from the circulation only those antibodies that cause the disease.
Modified Local Composition and Flory−Huggins Equations for Nonelectrolyte Solutions

The Flory−Huggins equation was modified and applied to low-weight nonelectrolyte solutions. The following modifications have been made: (1) the Wilson expressions for the local compositions were c...
Alkyne insertion and coupling reactions of methyl propiolate with the heterometallic dimers CoRu(CO)7(μ-PPh2) and CoRu(CO)5[(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2](μ-PPh2): X-ray diffraction structures of CoRu(CO)4(μ-CO)[μ-PPh2C(O)CH(CCO2Me)C(O)CHC (CO2Me)] and CoRu(CO)3(μ-CO)[(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2][μ-PPh2C(O)C(CO2Me)CH]

The reaction of the terminal alkyne methyl propiolate with the heterometallic dimers CoRu(CO)7(μ-PPh2) (1) and CoRu(CO)5[(Z)-Ph2PCH=CHPPh2](μ-PPh2) (2) has been investigated at 65∘C in toluene. In the reaction of 1, chromatographic purification afforded a minor band, from which the two species RuCo(CO)4(μ-CO)[μ-PPh2C(O)CHC(CO2Me)] and RuCo(CO)4(μ-CO)[μ-PPh2CHC(CO2Me)] were observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and one major band, whose 1H NMR spectrum revealed the presence of multiple species. The identity of one of the compounds in the major component has been established as that of CoRu(CO)4(μ-CO)[μ-PPh2C(O)CH(CCO2Me)C(O)CHC(CO2Me)] (3) by X-ray diffraction analysis. The solid-state structure of 3 confirms the double insertion of CO and head-to-head coupling of the methyl propiolate that accompanies the formation of this product. Compound 3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 8.4035(4), b = 9.6721(5), c = 17.678(1) A, α = 94.135(2), β = 103.318(2), γ = 101.336(2)∘, V = 1360.5(1) A3, Z = 2, Dcalc = 1.732 Mg/m3; R = 0.0300, Rw = 0.0760 for 8630 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The ruthenium-bound diphosphine ligand in 2 exerts a controlling influence on the reaction with added alkyne insomuch as only the mono-insertion product CoRu(CO)3(μ-CO)[(Z)-Ph2PCH=CHPPh2][μ-PPh2C(O)C(CO2Me)CH] (4) is formed as a single regioisomer. The molecular structure of 4 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis and 4 was found to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 19.483(7), b = 11.905(4), c = 20.131(7) A, β = 110.455(6)∘, V = 4375(3) A3, Z = 4, Dcalc = 1.466 Mg/m3; R = 0.0961, Rw = 0.1683 for 6262 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The reactivity of methyl propiolate with 1 and 2 is compared with the known reactivity that has been reported for other alkynes.
Modeling and revenue estimation of EV as reactive power service provider

Moving toward smart grid makes the distribution systems more active. In this dynamic environment, introducing new components such as Electric Vehicle (EV) can provide opportunities for Distribution System Operator (DSO) to improve the efficiency, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. For example, since reactive power support from EVs has short response time and does not affect the battery, reactive power support is a promising ancillary service that can be provided by EVs. This ancillary service is gaining more importance at distribution level where due to increased number of loads and the network topology, tracking the frequent changes in loads requires real time actions from local providers close to the loads. In this paper, we present a new model of EV operating as a reactive power service provider. We have included power ripple in the charger as a constraint in the proposed model. Our simulation results show the revue potential of providing reactive power service by EVs. This revenue amount is higher during peak hours because of increased demand from the DSO.
Preleukaemia: a long-term prospective study of 326 patients.

Prospective bone marrow chromosome studies were done on 326 patients who met the criteria for the preleukaemic syndrome. Seventy-two patients (22 %) had progression to overt acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). Of the original patients, 264 were retrospectively reclassified according to the French-American-British (FAB) dysmyelo-poietic classification as follows: refractory cytopenia (RC), 23 patients; refractory anaeemia (RA), 126; RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 56; RA with excess blasts (RAEB), 27; chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), 29; and RAEB in transformation (RAEBIT), 3. The survival of patients with RC or RA was significantly better than that of patients with RARS, RAEB, or CMML. The differences in survival among patients with RARS, RAEB, or CMML were not significant. The survival of patients within each FAB classification was better in patients who had normal chromosomes. The presence of cytogenetic abnormalities was predictive of shorter survival and a higher frequency of progression to overt ANLL.
Studies on the pyrexic effect of PGE1 injected into the region of the cochlear nuclei.

Abstract In 30 of 33 unanesthetized rats, unilateral injection of PGE 1 (100 ng in 1 μl) into or near the cochlear nuclei (CN) produced a body temperature increase of at least 0.5°C. Usually, the rise started within the first minute after injection. Bilateral destruction of the highly PGE 1 -sensitive anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region (AH/PO) eliminated the response. In approximately two-thirds of rats in which concentrated dye or 3 H-PGE 1 was injected into CN, there was evidence that a small portion of the injectate had rapid access to the AH/PO. In the remaining rats, the tracer material did not reach AH/PO tissue. In the rats involved in the tracer studies, there was no correlation between the magnitude of the response to PGE 1 injected into CN and the extent of transport of tracer from CN to AH/PO. The results suggest that PGE 1 injected into CN produced pyrexia through an action on tissue at or near the injection site and that neuronal pathways in AH/PO are necessary for the expression of the response.
The Scientific Component of Residency Training

This article focuses on the role of veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) at public and private colleges and universities in the growth and nurturing of today's veterinary clinician scientists, who will assume the ranks of tomorrow's veterinary academic faculty. Virtually all residency programs offer some level of scientific education and training concurrently or sequentially with professional clinical training; approximately half (51%) include, or at least offer, the opportunity to obtain advanced scientific degrees (MS/MSc and/or PhD). If veterinary schools and colleges are the gatekeepers for the veterinary profession, then VTHs are the gatekeepers for the profession's scientific development, defining the future role of veterinary medicine in society. Although struggling to find their place in a financially challenging and competitive environment fueled by the demand for more and better clinical services, VTHs are in a potentially strong position to capitalize on the uniqueness of their faculty and academic resources and thus make an unparalleled contribution to the scientific evolution of the veterinary profession.
Evaluation of a delayed coking process by 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy: 1. Material balances

Abstract The use of 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy to evaluate the performance of a delayed coking process is presented in a series of papers, of which this is the first. A meaningful analysis requires an accurate balance, which in turn requires analysis of the various types of atoms in the feed and in all products, including solid coke, as well as the amounts of each. Product yields were determined in a delayed coking pilot plant. Complete n.m.r. ( 1 H and 13 C) characterization of feed and all delayed coking products, using a consistent classification, was combined with pilot plant data to obtain the total distribution of carbon and proton atoms in the delayed coking process. Changes in carbon and hydrogen distributions (products versus feedstock) reveal the nature of the thermal cracking reactions involved; the main change is a substantial increase in the number of aromatic and paraffinic carbons at the expense of naphthenic carbons.
TH‐C‐L100F‐03: Comparison of Imaging Capabilities of Two IGRT Systems

Purpose: To investigate the imaging capabilities of two image‐guidedradiotherapy(IGRT) systems, TomoTherapy Hi‐Art™ and Varian Trilogy™. Methods and Materials: A 35 cm diameter phantom, developed in house for overall assessment of imaging capabilities for pelvic radiotherapy, was scanned on the Hi‐Art™ from TomoTherapy Inc. and on Varian Medical System's Trilogy™ system half fan (boby scan) with half bow tie filter. This phantom consisted line pairs for assessing the X, Y and Z resolution, CT density plugs, a steel ball, air surrounded by acrylic, water ovoid in an acrylic base, low and high contrast plugs, and water holes surrounded by acrylic. Moreover all these objects are immersed in water. We used a farmer chamber for dose measurement for both the systems at the centre (isocenter) of the phantom and near the edge of the phantom. Results: The X and Z resolution is better for Trilogy scans while Y resolution was better for Hi‐Art™ scans. Metal artifacts were more pronounced in Trilogy™ scans as compared to Tomo scans. −6% contrast object was more prominent for Trilogy™ scans but for 3% contrast was more visible on the Tomo scans.. Quantitative analysis of CT density plugs and uniform water showed that the CT number uniformity is far better for TomoTherapy images than for Trilogy™ scans. The dose measured at the center of the phantom is more than 3 times higher for Trilogy™ and the dose at the off axis is more than 5 times higher as compared to the TomoTherapy imagingdose.Conclusion: The Trilogy™ and Hi‐Art™ scan perspicuity is similar. However, the CT numbers are more consistent on the Hi‐Art™ unit and it produces fewer metal artifacts. The dose delivered to the patient is much greater on a Trilogy™ than on the Hi‐Art™ unit.
Canonical transformation by computer (Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation)

A method for calculating canonical transformations by computer is illustrated by a specific example. Techniques, with wider application, for handling Dirac gamma matrix algebra, Heisenberg commutation relations and most of vector analysis were developed. The programs used the IBM FORMAL routines; the techniques developed here indicate applications of FORMAL to noncommutative algebras by means of list processing within the syntax of those routines. The particular canonical transformation considered was that of Foldy and Wouthuysen on the Dirac Hamiltonian with electromagnetic potentials included. The calculations were carried out to the point at which all the so-called even operators up to the fourth order in the reciprocal of the mass had been generated.
Infrared Signature and Folding Dynamics of a Helical β-Peptide

Synthetic foldamers consisting of β-amino acids offer excellent model systems for examining the effect of backbone flexibility on the dynamics of protein folding. Herein, we study the folding−unfolding kinetics of a β-peptide that folds into a 14-helical structure in water. We find that the T-jump induced relaxation kinetics of this peptide occur on the nanosecond time scale and are noticeably slower than those of alanine-based α-helical peptides, and additionally, the relaxation rates show a weaker dependence on temperature. These differences appear to indicate that the folding energy landscapes of these peptides are different. In addition, we find that the amide I′ band of this β-peptide exhibits a sharp feature at ∼1612 cm−1, which we believe is a distinct infrared reporter of 14-helix.
Monte Carlo study of the S = 1 2 and S = 1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a spatially anisotropic square lattice

We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of a Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a spatially anisotropic square lattice, where the coupling strength in the x direction ${(J}_{x})$ is different from that in the y direction ${(J}_{y}).$ By varying the anisotropy \ensuremath{\alpha} from 0 to 1, we interpolate between the one-dimensional chain and the two-dimensional isotropic square lattice. Both $S=1/2$ and $S=1$ systems are considered separately in order to facilitate comparison. The temperature dependence of the uniform susceptibility and the spin-spin correlation length are computed down to very low temperatures for various values of \ensuremath{\alpha}. For $S=1,$ the existence of a quantum critical point at ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}^{S=1}=0.040(5)$ as well as the scaling of the spin gap is confirmed. Universal quantities predicted from the $\mathcal{O}(3)$ nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model agree with our results at $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.04$ without any adjustable parameters. On the other hand, the $S=1/2$ results are consistent with ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}^{S=1/2}=0,$ as discussed by a number of previous theoretical studies. Experimental implications for $S=1/2$ compounds such as ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}$ are also discussed.
Behavioral responses to ovariectomy and chronic anabolic steroid treatment in female cynomolgus macaques.

A pilot study was conducted to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on rates of aggressive and affiliative behavior, as well as body size, in 38 young adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) living in isosexual social groups of four to five animals. In addition, we assessed the effects of nandrolone decanoate (an anabolic steroid used for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy) on indices of aggression, submission, and body size. Animals were randomized into three experimental conditions: 1) sham ovariectomized, untreated (SHAM); 2) ovariectomized, untreated (OVX); and, 3) ovariectomized, treated with nandrolone decanoate for 24 months (NAN). Each individual was observed for 10 min, one to two times per month, and all instances of agonistic and affiliative behavior were recorded by means of focal animal sampling. Ovariectomized, untreated animals exhibited a two- to threefold increase in aggression compared to SHAM or NAN animals; F(2, 32) = 4.09, p = 0.026; however, the expression of prosocial or affiliative behaviors as measured by rates of grooming and initiating friendly behavior was unaffected. At an i.m. dose of 25 mg every 2 weeks, nandrolone decanoate caused a 60% increase in body weight of the animals compared to untreated intact and ovariectomized animals, F(2, 31) = 161.57, p < 0.0001.
Individuality and Diversity among Undergraduates' Academic Information Behaviors: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study is to explore the information management behaviors of undergraduate students in their dormitory rooms, using Personal Information Management (PIM) as the theoretical framework. Ethnographic methods were applied to study how students devise their own systems combining digital and traditional tools to collect, create, manipulate, organize, and manage the information they need to fulfill their roles as university students. Results show a broad diversity of behaviors influenced more by individual learning styles and preferences than high-tech gadgetry. It is proposed that just as every individual has unique learning styles and preferences, so too do we have individual information styles, and we apply our tools and gadgets in our own ways to best accommodate our own styles. URL: http://ijkcdt.net/xml/01028/01028.pdf
The best guess hypothesis in multistage inference

Abstract Intuitive multistage inferences are typically excessive when compared with the optimal model, a modified form of Bayes' theorem. One explanation for this excessiveness is that the S primarily attends to the implications of the probable event described by the first-stage inference, neglecting the implications of less likely events. If a S follows this strategy, called a “best guess” strategy, then a testable implication is that his probability revision at the upper level should be insensitive to variations in the distribution of probabilities across all but the most likely event described by the first-stage inference. The results of the present experiment support this hypothesis.
Effect of mental hospital volunteer work on career choice.

Summary.-This smdy was designed to investigate the effect of participation in a mental hospital volunteer program on students' subsequent career plans and activities. Responses of the volunteers on follow-up questionnaires were compared with those of two control groups of college smdents not in the program. The number of volunteers planning careers in mental health professions increased significantly after participation in the program while the control groups showed little change in career plans. The volunteers also evaluated their summer's experience as highly important for their future vocational plans, and a high percentage planned :o spend their next summer engaged in mental health activities. The program had only limited effects, however, on the academic-year behaviors of the volunteers.
Abstract PR3: Myofibroblasts activated upon tissue injury and hypoxia promote development of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) progresses from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia through locally invasive adenocarcinoma to castration resistant (CR) metastatic carcinoma. Although radical prostatectomy, radiation and androgen ablation are effective therapies for androgen-dependent (AD) PCa, metastatic CR-PCa is a major complication with high mortality. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment that play important enabling roles in cancer development and progression. The mechanism resonsible for myofibroblast activation within the tumor microenvironment are not entirely clear and can be cancer-specific and heterogeneous. Methods: We used the Myc-CaP translpantable model of AD-PCa and the spontaneous mouse PCa model, TRAMP and we examinated how androgen ablation leads to induction of CXCL13 expression, which is critical for recruitment of B cells into tumor remnants and accellerate evolution of CR-PCa. We confirmed our data using human specimens of PCa. Results: Following castration, many myofibroblasts were present within the tumors remnants, which expressed CXCL13. Ablation of myofibroblasts led to a marked reduction in the infiltration of T, B and dendritic cells into the tumor remnants after the castration, reduced the expression of several chemokines, including CXCL13 and also delayed the re-growth of CR-PCa. We also found that androgen ablation led to increased expression of TGF-β in the tumor remnants. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling prevented activation of myofibroblasts, infiltration of B cells, induction of CXCL13 expressing myofibroblasts and also delayed the re-growth of CR-PCa. The main source of TGF-β in PCa tumors after castration appeared to be the fibroblast fraction. After castration, hypoxic areas appeared along with nuclear translocation of HIF-1α. Exposure of inactivated fibroblasts isolated from PCa tumors of non-castrated mice under hypoxic condition induced the expression of CTGF and TGF-β, which was HIF-1α dependent, and converted the fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Conclusions: Our data show for the first time that androgen ablation led to hypoxia-induced myofibroblast activation, which is the cell type in the tumor stroma that recruits tumor-infiltrating B cells that allow the re-growth of CR-PCa through the production of lymphotoxin and IKKα nuclear translocation in the prostate epithelial cells. This abstract is also presented as Poster A75. Citation Format: Massimo Ammirante, Youngjin Kang, Michael Karin. Myofibroblasts activated upon tissue injury and hypoxia promote development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR3.
Quartz Analyses of the Bulk Dust Samples Collected by the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (NOHSM) over a 6-year period, which began in May 1984 and ended in Augu...
An empirical test of the DSM‐III‐R definition of binge

Caloric consumption during 343 binges was calculated from the 7-day, self-monitored food records of 32 subjects with bulimia nervosa. A second analysis was performed that examined only the first two binges recorded by each subject in order to control for the unequal number of binges among subjects. The results of these analyses were similar with subjects consuming, on average, 1200 kilocalories during episodes of binge eating with a standard deviation of approximately 1000 kilocalories. Twenty-eight percent of binges consisted of fewer than 500 kilocalories and another 28% consisted of 501 to 1000 kilocalories. The within-subject ranges of caloric intake during binge eating episodes averaged 1905 kilocalories with only three of 32 subjects having a range <850 kilocalories. These findings suggest that both among and within patients with bulimia nervosa there is much variability in the number of kilocalories consumed during episodes of binge eating with most subjects exhibiting both large and small binges. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that future additions of the DSM be modified to de-emphasize the importance of the size of eating binges.
Characterization of cocaine-induced block of cardiac sodium channels

Recent evidence suggests that cocaine can produce marked cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. A possible mechanism for this effect is slowing of impulse conduction due to block of cardiac Na channels. We therefore investigated its effects on Na channels in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell variant of the patch clamp technique. Cocaine (10–50 microM) was found to reduce Na current in a use-dependent manner. The time course for block development and recovery were characterized. At 30 microM cocaine, two phases of block development were defined: a rapid phase (tau = 5.7 +/- 4.9 ms) and a slower phase (tau = 2.3 +/- 0.7 s). Recovery from block at -140 mV was also defined by two phases: (tau f=136 +/- 61 ms, tau s=8.5 +/- 1.7 s) (n = 6). To further clarify the molecular mechanisms of cocaine action on cardiac Na channels, we characterized its effects using the guarded receptor model, obtaining estimated Kd values of 328, 19, and 8 microM for channels predominantly in the rested, activated, and inactivated states. These data indicate that cocaine can block cardiac Na channels in a use-dependent manner and provides a possible cellular explanation for its cardiotoxic effects.
The gene for human erythrocyte membrane protein band 7.2 (EPB72) maps to 9q33-q34 centromeric to the Philadelphia chromosome translocation breakpoint region.

Erthrocyte band 7.2b is a 31-kDa integral phosphoprotein absent from the erythrocytes of many patients with hereditary stomatocytosis (HSt). HSt is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by mouth-shaped erythrocyte morphology on peripheral blood smears. The clinical severity of HSt is variable; some patients experience hemolysis and anemia while others are asymptomatic. The red cell membranes of these patients usually exhibit abnormal permeability to sodium and potassium with resultant modification of intracellular water content. The band 7.2b protein has been purified and the cDNA cloned. The approved gene name and symbol are erythrocyte membrane protein band 7.2 and EPB72, respectively, as assigned by the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee. Using a human reticulocyte cDNA library as template, a 491-bp fragment corresponding to the 3' end of the coding region of the EPB72 cDNA was amplified. Three overlapping phase DNA clones were isolated using this probe. Four genomic DNA fragments of 2.0, 2.5, 4.5, and 5.0 kb, respectively, were isolated from these clones. To localize the EPB72 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization, these genomic DNA fragments were labeled with biotin-11-dUTP and hybridized to metaphase chromosomes as described. Probes were preannealed to C[sub 0]t1-fractionated DNA to block repetitive sequences. Experiments were analyzed more » and digitally imaged using a cooled CCD camera. The probes, in combination, gave specific hybridization signals only in chromosome 9q. The gene for erythrocyte membrane protein 7.2 localized to 9q33-q34. « less
Eu(III) complexation constants with glutamine and serine in aqueous methanol

Abstract A problem of long-term interest in lanthanide chemistry is whether a ligand resides in the cation inner or outer solvation shell. We have been using deviations from Beer’s Law on hypersensitive peaks to determine the complexation constants as a function of temperature in water and mixed solvents via the Benesi–Hildebrand method. In our previous studies using alanine and glycine, as well as in this investigation, only a single complex forms. Enthalpy and entropy data are used to predict if a complex is outer or inner sphere in water. These results will be compared to other lanthanide complexation systems.
Due-date-based performance measures for queuing models

Queuing models provide a useful tool for studying the behavior of dynamic, stochastic service systems. In the case of manufacturing systems, though, the performance measures of interest are not necessarily those addressed by classical queuing theory. In particular, there is no classical model for analyzing performance measures which are functions of due-dates. We present here a technique for modelling due-dates in a classical queuing framework, and extend certain classical and recent results to the analysis of tardiness and other due-date-based measures.
Approximations for the inverse gaussian probabilities and percentiles

Recent years have seen accelerated use of the inverse Gaussian distribution to model asymmetric data in many areas of applied research. Yet, the inverse Gaussian percentiles and probabilities needed in analyses are not readily available, and a variety of two moment approximations have been employed for the purpose. In this note we propose some new approximations and provide guidelines for their use.
Reduction of Uranyl in the Interlayer Region of Low Iron Micas under Anoxic and Aerobic Conditions

The role of the interlayer region of three different FeII-poor micas (2.8, approximately 0.02, and 0.01 FeII atom %) in the reduction of UVI was investigated at pH approximately 4.3, low ionic strength, and 23 degrees C under both anoxic and aerated conditions in batch reactors for 1 to 10 days. U diffusion profiles were mapped with X-ray microscopy, and the oxidation state of U was tracked with XANES as a function of distance from the crystal edge. Peak U concentrations only reached about 0.006-0.0002 atom percent, where the full-width-at-half-maximums of the diffusion fronts were roughly 25-50 microm. Results for anoxic conditions indicated appreciable reduction of uranyl in all three micas with no measurable dependency on distance from the edge. Under aerobic (open to the atmosphere) conditions, U was still partially reduced, although to a lesser degree than for anoxic conditions, and UVI/Utot increased with time. Interestingly, reoxidation reached a plateau after about 3-10 days, leaving an appreciable proportion of U reduced. It is likely that measurable reduction occurred, despite low FeII, because U concentrations were even lower, where FeII/U ratios ranged from about 10(4)-10(2). A coupled diffusion-reduction model was developed that successfully simulated the proximal portion of the diffusion front. The results show that reduction of UVI in the interlayer of low FeII micas is, in principle, viable and that under aerobic conditions reduction is initially faster than reoxidation. This extends the range of possible environments where heterogeneous reduction of UVI by micas might occur.
Changes in Shoulder External Rotator Muscle Activity during Shoulder External Rotation in Various Arm Positions in the Sagittal Plane

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles during shoulder external rotation under different shoulder flexion angles. [Subjects] Thirteen participants were included in this study. [Methods] The participants performed isometric shoulder external rotation at 45°, 90°, and 135° of shoulder flexion. A surface EMG system recorded the EMG activity of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles during shoulder external rotation. The changes in the muscle activity of infraspinatus and posterior deltoid and ratio of infraspinatus to posterior deltoid muscle activity were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni's correction. [Results] The posterior deltoid activity was significantly decreased, while the ratio of the infraspinatus to posterior deltoid activity was significantly increased at 45° of shoulder flexion compared with 90° and 135° of shoulder flexion (p 0.05). [Conclusion] These findings indicate that shoulder external rotation at 45° of shoulder flexion effectively reduced the contribution of the posterior deltoid activation to shoulder external rotation.
Generation of Electron Suprathermal Tails in the Upper Solar Atmosphere: Implications for Coronal Heating

We present a mechanism for the generation of non-Maxwellian electron distribution function in the upper regions of the solar atmosphere in the presence of collisional damping. It is suggested that finite amplitude, low frequency, obliquely propagating electromagnetic waves can carry a substantial electric field component parallel to the mean magnetic field that can be significantly larger than the Dreicer electric field. This long wavelength electric fluctuation is capable of generating high frequency electron plasma oscillations and low frequency ion acoustic-like waves. The analysis has been performed using 1-1/2D Vlasov and PIC numerical simulations in which both electrons and ions are treated kinetically and self consistently. The simulation results indicate that high frequency electron plasma oscillations and low frequency ion acoustic-like waves are generated. The high frequency electron plasma oscillation drives electron plasma turbulence, which subsequently is damped out by the background electrons. The turbulence damping results in electron acceleration and the generation of non-Maxwellian suprathermal tails on time scales short compared to collisional damping. Bulk heating also occurs if the fluctuating parallel electric field is strong enough. This study suggests that finite amplitude, low frequency, obliquely propagating, electromagnetic waves can play a significant role in the acceleration and heating of the solar corona electrons and in the coupling of medium and small-scale phenomena.
Cardiovascular disease-related diet and exercise experiences of immigrant Mexican women.

In this study, I describe the cardiovascular-related diet and exercise experiences of 24 married immigrant Mexican women (21 to 40 years-old) who have children. I used semistructured taped interviews in Spanish to elicit qualitative data concerning the diet and exercise experiences of this sample. The data were analyzed in Spanish using grounded theory procedures. A majorfinding in this study is a core process of realizing a covert overweight image. Women described an ongoing process of coming to terms with diet and exercise decisions in a sociocultural disempowering environment that limited their options to promote their health. Despite these limitations, some of the women assessed and formulated options that developed into transcending strategies for engaging in diet and exercise behaviors. Such sociocultural factors as women's roles and theirsocial support structures were found to be critical in describing those behaviors.
Oligopolies in pollution permit markets: A dynamic game approach

Abstract We reconsider the pollution permit concept in a setting extended to include dynamics, spatially diversified firms, and an oligopoly in product markets. The firms can manage their pollution emissions or stocks by (1) buying pollution permits and emitting pollution, (2) shipping pollutants to other nodes and paying such shipping costs, or (3) paying environmental costs to mitigate or recycle pollution. Firms manage these controls strategically to maximize net profits while facing non-cooperative rivals. Within this setting, we show that the non-cooperative competition among firms may be represented as a differential variational inequality ( DVI ) framework. Furthermore, we propose decision rules on permit purchase, establish necessary conditions, and prove the existence of solution in the formalism of the DVI . We also show that the DVI can be equivalently converted to a nonlinear complementarity problem ( NCP ), and show this problem, despite high dimensions, is efficiently solvable using off-the-shelf software (GAMS with the PATH solver). We illustrate this method's feasibility with a computationally intensive numerical example.