cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rift Grabens and Crustal Architecture of the Offshore North East Coast-Mahanadi Basin, Eastern Continental Margin of India

The rift system in North East Coast-Mahanadi (NEC-MND) basins has been developed during the separation of India and Antarctica, similar to those in Krishna-Godavari (KG) and Cauvery (CY) basins. The rift architecture is well established in the KG and CY basins, both in the onshore as well as offshore. Few publications have reported the presence of rift systems in offshore Mahanadi basin, but very little is known about the continued presence of the rift system to the north of the Mahanadi Basin, in the NEC Basin. The present article has documented the continuation of the rift systems in the offshore NEC Basin, based on interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data. The internal architecture of the rift grabens have been interpreted and thickness maps been generated to show the distribution of the sediments within the grabens. Seismic velocity data and 2D forward gravity model has also been used to bring out additional informations about the basement and crustal structure.
Regulating olfactory receptor expression: controlling globally, acting locally.

Only one allelle from the odorant receptor gene family is expressed in each neuron. Transgenic expression of an odorant receptor provides new insight into how this process is regulated.
A Type-Based Approach to Program Security

This paper presents a type system which guarantees that well-typed programs in a procedural programming language satisfy a noninterference security property. With all program inputs and outputs classified at various security levels, the property basically states that a program output, classified at some level, can never change as a result of modifying only inputs classified at higher levels. Intuitively, this means the program does not “leak” sensitive data. The property is similar to a notion introduced years ago by Goguen and Meseguer to model security in multi-level computer systems [7]. We also give an algorithm for inferring and simplifying principal types, which document the security requirements of programs.
Intertwined scheduling, module selection and allocation in time-and-area

Most high-level synthesis systems assume the existence of only one type of hardware module for each different type of operation. The system presented assumes the existence of multiple modules with identical functionality but different area and delay characteristics. The authors' results show that use of multiple modules allows area and time resources to be used more efficiently than would be the case for the use of a single module. Module selection must be performed for each operation. Scheduling and module selection decisions are made in a time-constrained and area-constrained fashion by pruning decisions which lead to designs that violate constraints. This system requires the user to specify only a total chip area constraint, allowing the system to fully explore tradeoffs between different allocations. Module selection, scheduling, and allocation are performed in an intertwined fashion. >
Advanced Techniques for Measuring Middle Ear Function

The use of acoustic impedance measurement as a means of evaluating the physiological function of the middle ear system is gaining wide interest by pediatricians.1-3 The impedance technique is extremely sensitive to differentiating between normal and pathological middle ears. Children with middle ear effusions are typically identified by physicians through an otoscopic examination, or by audiologists when the child fails the traditional hearing screening test at school. Most physicians use otoscopy to visually examine the tympanic membrane, but with varying degrees of success.4 Otologists teach that pneumatic otoscopy is an absolute necessity to identify the presence of middle ear disease, yet only 25% of physicians use the pneumatic otoscope.5 In a recent study of the accuracy of otoscopic diagnoses, 15% to 20% of ears in children under 3 years of age with effusions were missed clinically. This high miss rate was noted in a group of examiners from a medical center who were aware that their diagnostic skill was being evaluated and thus should have been motivated to perform their most careful otoscopy.6 Accurate otoscopy and pneumotoscopy require skilled and experienced individuals. Our experience in training health professionals shows considerable variability in interpretation of otoscopic observations. Other problems in otoscopy include difficulty in visualizing the tympanic membrane, the removal of cerumen prior to examination, and the unwillingness of some children to cooperate with the examination. TYMPANOMETRY Tympanometry resolves many of the disadvantages of conventional audiology and otologic assessment. It requires only passive cooperation from children since no overt response is required.
The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome

Protein interactions form a network whose structure drives cellular function and whose organization informs biological inquiry. Using high-throughput affinity-purification mass spectrometry, we identify interacting partners for 2,594 human proteins in HEK293T cells. The resulting network (BioPlex) contains 23,744 interactions among 7,668 proteins with 86% previously undocumented. BioPlex accurately depicts known complexes, attaining 80%-100% coverage for most CORUM complexes. The network readily subdivides into communities that correspond to complexes or clusters of functionally related proteins. More generally, network architecture reflects cellular localization, biological process, and molecular function, enabling functional characterization of thousands of proteins. Network structure also reveals associations among thousands of protein domains, suggesting a basis for examining structurally related proteins. Finally, BioPlex, in combination with other approaches, can be used to reveal interactions of biological or clinical significance. For example, mutations in the membrane protein VAPB implicated in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis perturb a defined community of interactors.
Use of Fourier domain real-plane zeros to overcome a phase retrieval stagnation

The iterative Fourier transform algorithm, although it has been demonstrated to be a practical phase retrieval algorithm, suffers from certain stagnation problems. Specifically, there exists a stripe stagnation problem, in which stagnated reconstructed images exhibit stripelike features throughout the image, which is particularly difficult to overcome. Previous solutions to this problem used multiple reconstructions and did not address the cause. In this paper a new procedure that uses only a single image is developed that estimates the locations of real-plane zeros from either the measured Fourier modulus data or a stagnated reconstruction and uses this information in the iterative Fourier transform algorithm to force the complex-valued Fourier data to have real-plane zeros at the correct locations. It is shown that this procedure overcomes the stripe stagnation.
O-Demethylation of Pyrilamine

O-Demethylation of pyrilamine with I-propanethiol and potassium tert-butoxide gave hydroxytripelennamine, one of the major metabolites of tripelennamine. The reaction of pyrilamine with other demethylating agents has been explored and the products formed have been characterized. The reaction of pyrilamine with 48% hydrobromic acid yielded 2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)aminopyridine. When a mild, neutral demethylating agent, Me3Sil, was used, 2,3-dihydroimidazopyridinium iodide was the sole product formed.
Welfare, Work and Banking: The Use of Consumer Credit by Current and Former TANF Recipients in Charlotte, North Carolina

ABSTRACT:Little is known about TANF recipients and leavers use of consumer credit. Using data from a 2001 North Carolina household survey of low-income households, we analyze banking and credit behavior of current and recent welfare recipients in Charlotte, North Carolina. Other things equal, TANF families are 70% less likely than other low-income families to have a bank account and much more likely to have participated in a credit counseling program. Except for more frequent contact with bill collectors and credit counselors, leavers are no different from other low income families struggling to make ends meet. Race also matters when it comes to accessing mainstream banking and credit systems. Targeted programs help TANF families gain greater access to the financial mainstream. When it comes to specialization programs, however, those involved in the welfare system are not very different from other poor families. However, by virtue of their formal involvement with TANF, this population can be more efficien...
Perspective on Potential Clinical Applications of Recombinant Human Interleukin-7

Interleukin-7 has critical and nonredundant roles in T cell development, hematopoiesis, and postdevelopmental immune functions as a prototypic homeostatic cytokine. Based on a large body of preclinical evidence, it may have multiple therapeutic applications in immunodeficiency states, either physiologic (immuno-senescence), pathologic (HIV) or iatrogenic (postchemotherapy and posthematopoietic stem cell transplant) and may have roles in immune reconstitution or enhancement of immunotherapy. Early clinical development trials in humans show that, within a short time, rhIL-7 administration results in a marked preferential expansion of both naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cell pools with a tendency toward enhanced CD8 expansion. As a result, lymphopenic or normal older hosts develop an expanded circulating T cell pool with a profile that resembles that seen earlier in life with increased T cell repertoire diversity. These results, along with a favorable toxicity profile, open a wide perspective of potential future clinical applications.
Instructionless learning about a complex device: the paradigm and observations

In order to study the mechanisms that underlie “intuitive” scientific reasoning, verbal protocols were collected from seven computer-naive college students asked to “figure out” a Big Trak programmable toy, without a user's guide or other assistance. We call this paradigm Instructionless Learning . The present paper presents a detailed account of how people learn about a complex device in an instructionless-learning context. Subjects' behavior is divided into an orientation phase and a systematic phase . We attend most carefully to the systematic phase. Learners form hypotheses about various aspects of the Big Trak: the syntax of interaction, the semantics of operators, and the device model —which includes objects such as memories, switches, etc. Subjects attempt to confirm hypotheses from which predictions can be made, to refine hypotheses that do not immediately yield predictions, and to verify their total knowledge of the device. Hypotheses are formulated from observation. If an initial hypothesis is incorrect, it will yield incorrect predictions in interactions. When such failures occur, learners change their theory to account for the currently perceived behavior of the device. These changes are often based upon little evidence and may even be contradicted by available information. Thus, the new hypotheses may also be incorrect, and lead to further errors and changes.
Deuterium-defect trapping in ion-irradiated zirconium☆

Abstract Trapping of ion-implanted deuterium by lattice defects in zirconium has been investigated. The lattice defects were generated by 4 MeV Zr + (self ion) irradiation of pure zirconium metal at 750 K. Following 100 keV deuterium implantation of the predamaged zirconium, concentration versus depth profiles were measured by a method of nuclear microanalysis. The specimens were aged at a variety of temperatures and further profiles were measured. The measured migration of the deuterium was analyzed by solving a system of differential equations involving a diffusion and reversible trapping term. The results indicate that most of the deuterium is retained in traps with binding enthalpy approximately (0.28 ± 0.06) eV below that for normal equilibrium sites. Evidence also suggests some defect trapping at other binding enthalpies. The solubility of deuterium in zirconium at T = 473 K was also measured on a specimen exposed to deuterium gas; the value obtained by nuclear microanalysis was determined to be (0.50 ± 0.10) at%.
Partial Radon transforms

This article formally defines partial Radon transforms for functions of more than two dimensions. It shows that a generalized projection-slice theorem exists which connects planar and hyperplanar projections of a function to its Fourier transform. In addition, a general theoretical framework is provided for carrying out n-dimensional backprojection reconstruction in a multistage fashion through the use of the partial Radon transform.
Imaging and Percutaneous Management of Acute Complicated Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis varies from a mild, self-limited disease to one with significant morbidity and mortality in its most severe forms. While clinical criteria abound, imaging has become indispensable to diagnose the extent of the disease and its complications, as well as to guide and monitor therapy. Percutaneous interventional techniques offer options that can be life-saving, surgery-sparing or important adjuncts to operation. Close cooperation and communication between the surgeon, gastroenterologist and interventional radiologist enhance the likelihood of successful patient care.
Measurement of 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxane B2 levels in critically ill surgical patients

Systemic arterial and mixed venous plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in 63 critically ill patients with major trauma (n = 20) or sepsis (n = 43). Patients undergoing elective catheterization procedures served as controls (n = 10). Arterial and mixed venous 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with recent major trauma or active sepsis. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were found to be significantly elevated in the non-survivors and in patients with hepatic failure. The presence of severe pulmonary failure was not associated with increased levels of either 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or TxB2. Comparison of arterial and mixed plasma samples did not demonstrate increased pulmonary release of either compound. Increased eicosanoid production may account, in part, for the local vascular and humoral responses to tissue injury or infection.
Vibrio cholerae cytolysin is composed of an α-hemolysin-like core

The enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae secretes a water-soluble 80-kD cytolysin, Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) that assembles into pentameric channels following proteolytic activation by exogenous proteases. Until now, VCC has been placed in a unique class of pore-forming toxins, distinct from paradigms such as Staphyloccal α-hemolysin. However, as reported here, amino acid sequence analysis and three-dimensional structure modeling indicate that the core component of the VCC toxin is related in sequence and structure to a family of hemolysins from Staphylococcus aureus that include leukocidin F and α-hemolysin. Furthermore, our analysis has identified the channel-forming region of VCC and a potential lipid head-group binding site, and suggests a conserved mechanism of assembly and lysis. An additional domain in the VCC toxin is related to plant lectins, conferring additional target cell specificity to the toxin.
Quantifying riverine surface currents from time sequences of thermal infrared imagery

[1] River surface currents are quantified from thermal and visible band imagery using two methods. One method utilizes time stacks of pixel intensity to estimate the streamwise velocity at multiple locations. The other method uses particle image velocimetry to solve for optimal two-dimensional pixel displacements between successive frames. Field validation was carried out on the Wolf River, a small coastal plain river near Landon, Mississippi, United States, on 26–27 May 2010 by collecting imagery in association with in situ velocities sampled using electromagnetic current meters deployed 0.1 m below the river surface. Comparisons are made between mean in situ velocities and image-derived velocities from 23 thermal and 6 visible-band image sequences (5 min length) during daylight and darkness conditions. The thermal signal was a small apparent temperature contrast induced by turbulent mixing of a thin layer of cooler water near the river surface with underlying warmer water. The visible-band signal was foam on the water surface. For thermal imagery, streamwise velocities derived from the pixel time stack and particle image velocimetry technique were generally highly correlated to mean streamwise current meter velocities during darkness (r2 typically greater than 0.9) and early morning daylight (r2 typically greater than 0.83). Streamwise velocities from the pixel time stack technique had high correlation for visible-band imagery during early morning daylight hours with respect to mean current meter velocities (r2 > 0.86). Streamwise velocities for the particle image velocimetry technique for visible-band imagery had weaker correlations with only three out of six correlations performed having an r2 exceeding 0.6.
Sand-grain Frosting and Quartz Overgrowth Examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy: The Navajo Sandstone (Jurassic (?)), Utah

ABSTRACT Under the SEM the frosted surfaces of quartz sand grains from middle and upper parts of the Navajo Sandstone are covered by small, raised platforms and, from place to place, larger pressure solution pits. Sand grains from the lower part of the sandstone display several stages in epitaxial overgrowth resulting in rhombohedrally and bipyramidally enclosed sand grains. The frosted surfaces as well as the epitaxial overgrowths are of diagenetic origin. The distribution of quartz cement appears to be related to the geomorphic expression and permeability of the Navajo Sandstone.
Sustaining Change in Universites: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts (review)

(2006). Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 932-934.
A proposed classification scheme for computer program libraries

Most computer installations maintain a subroutine library to support the needs of their users. As these libraries grow larger, it becomes increasingly evident that some sort of organization of them is needed--even more than a library of books. One aid in organizing software inventories is a classification scheme, and the most widely used such system is the "old" SHARE system. However, this system has several major defects. A new scheme is proposed which attempts to remedy these defects, and which maintains some degree of compatibility with the present scheme.
Immigration: an international economic perspective.

The creation of an effective US immigration policy has been complicated by the diversity of political interests and the absence of reliable statistics to determine the magnitude of the impact on the American economy. Estimates of the number of illegal aliens in the US range from 1 to 12 million. While political biases and complexities and data inadequacies complicate this analysis some generalizations seem to be confirmed by worldwide experience. There are 2 mutually-supportive short-run ways to reduce the flow of undocumented workers: 1) to better police US borders and shorelines and 2) to remove the motive for entry by making it illegal for employers to hire workers who are not authorized to work in the US. To give employers an easy defense and to facilitate their compliance with immigration laws an effective worker identification system should be developed. To avoid the civil liberties international relations and human problems associated with mass deportations illegal immigrants who entered the US before January 1 1981 and who have been in continuous residence for at least 1 year should be permitted to remain in the US as permanent resident aliens. The US should not adopt a new guest worker program. The proper sequence of changes in immigration policy is very important. Dealing with illegal immigration is essential; all these measures should be in place before an amnesty is granted. Because it is important to have friendly relations with neighboring countries and because the ultimate solution to illegal immigration is to reduce the wide disparities in employment opportunities between countries the US should work with other countries to control illegal immigration but should not link control to energy trade or other policies. It is particularly important to discuss immigration control plans with other countries especially Mexico and to do everything consistent with US interests to minimize the adverse impact of our immigration policies on our neighbors.
The influence of nutritional and hormonal factors on the chemistry of the fat body, blood, and ovaries of the blowfly Phormia regina Meig.

Abstract A method allowing the routine chemical fractionation of a little as 1 mg (dry weight) of insect tissue is described. Chemical analyses of fat bodies and ovaries from flies with dissimilar hormonal environments suggest that a primary action of the corpus allatum is to regulate fat body lipid metabolism. None of the evidence obtained necessitates any action of the corpus allatum hormone apart from that on the fat body, but it does not rule out the possibility that the hormone acts on other tissues. It does not appear necessary to postulate the existence of an ovarian hormone in Phormia. The ovary can simply be regarded as a principal site of utilization of ingested materials. The role of the fat body in the overall economy of the fly is discussed. It is suggested that the fat body combines the functions of both the liver and adipose tissue of the mammal.
Do Short Spurts of Physical Activity Benefit Cardiovascular Health? The CARDIA Study.

BACKGROUND For optimal health benefits, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) is recommended in sustained bouts lasting ≥10 min. However, short spurts of MVPA lasting <10 min are more common in everyday life. It is unclear whether short spurts of MVPA further protect against the development of hypertension and obesity in middle-age adults beyond bouted MVPA. METHODS Objectively measured physical activity was collected in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study at the 20-yr (2005-2006) examination, and blood pressure and BMI were collected at the 20- and 25-yr (2010-2011) examinations. Time spent in MVPA was classified as either bouted MVPA, i.e., ≥10 continuous minutes or short spurts of MVPA, i.e., <10 continuous minutes. To examine the association of short spurts of MVPA with incident hypertension and obesity over 5 yr, we calculated risk ratios adjusted for bouted MVPA and potential confounders. RESULTS Among 1531 and 1251 participants without hypertension and obesity, respectively, at year 20 (age, 45.2 ± 3.6 yr; 57.3% women; body mass index, 29.0 ± 7.0 kg·m(-2)), 14.8% and 12.1% developed hypertension and obesity by year 25. Study participants in the highest tertile of short spurts of MVPA were 31% less likely to develop hypertension 5 yr later (risk ratio = 0.69 (0.49-0.96)) compared with those in the lowest tertile. There was no statistically significant association of short spurts of MVPA with incident obesity. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that accumulating short spurts of MVPA protects against the development of hypertension but not obesity in middle-age adults.
Enzymatic mechanisms for catalysis of enolization: ketosteroid isomerase

Abstract Breaking a carbon–hydrogen bond adjacent to a carbonyl is a slow step in a large number of chemical reactions. However, many enzymes are capable of catalyzing this reaction with great efficiency. One of the most proficient of these enzymes is 3-oxo-Δ 5 -steroid isomerase (KSI), which catalyzes the isomerization of a wide variety of 3-oxo-Δ 5 -steroids to their Δ 4 -conjugated isomers. In this review, the mechanism of KSI is discussed, with particular emphasis on energetic considerations. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are considered to explain the mechanistic details of the reaction.
Marked left axis deviation. Indication of cardiac abnormality.

Abstract The electrocardiograms of 154 patients with left axis deviation of the QRS of between −30 and −90 degrees (LAD) were correlated with the findings clinically and at necropsy. Only 4 patients (2.6 per cent) did not have cardiac abnormality, even though in 17 patients the electrocardiograms were normal except for the left axis deviation (LAD). Myocardial infarction was present in 52 per cent of the patients, and unequivocal coronary artery disease in an additional 13 per cent. The angle between the mean initial 0.04-second and mean terminal QRS vectors was of little value in predicting the presence of myocardial infarction. Emphysema was thought to have only a contributory role in producing LAD. The data on 100 consecutive living patients with LAD and on 100 consecutive living patients under 40 years of age were interpreted as affording additional support to the conclusion that LAD, with rare exception, is electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac abnormality.
Incoherent Quasielastic Neutron Scattering study of hydrogen diffusion in thorium–zirconium hydrides

Abstract Monophase thorium–zirconium hydrides (ThZr2Hx) have been fabricated starting from a metallic alloy and the hydrogen stoichiometry determined by X-ray diffraction. Incoherent Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (IQNS) on the hydrides was conducted over the temperature range 650–750 K at the Backscattering Silicon Spectrometer (BASIS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL. The isotropic Chudley–Elliott model was utilized to analyze the quasielastic linewidth broadening data as function of momentum transfer. The diffusion coefficient and average jump distance of hydrogen atoms in ThZr2H5.6 and ThZr2H6.2 were extracted from the measurements.
Horizontal diffusion in the atmosphere: A Lagrangian-dynamical theory

Abstract A form of Langevin's equation is derived that is applicable to the atmospheric diffusion problem. The resulting equation for the particle displacement variance σ2y has limits at small and large diffusion times equal to asymptotic predictions of statistical diffusion theories but provides, in addition, estimates over the broad, middle range of diffusion, which is important in regional and larger-scale atmospheric applications. Predictions of the theory compare well with standard atmospheric diffusion data sets over a range of diffusion times, from seconds to days. When parameters of the theory are determined from short-range plume diffusion data, the theory predicts large-scale eddy diffusivity, K, in the known atmospheric range, a striking confirmation of the ability of this theory to describe atmospheric diffusion.
Phosphorylation of a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase regulates substrate specificity

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozymes catalyze detoxification of numerous chemical toxins present in our daily diet and environment by conjugation to glucuronic acid. The special properties and enzymatic mechanism(s) that enable endoplasmic reticulum-bound UGT isozymes to convert innumerable structurally diverse lipophiles to excretable glucuronides are unknown. Inhibition of cellular UGT1A7 and UGT1A10 activities and of [33P]orthophosphate incorporation into immunoprecipitable proteins after exposure to curcumin or calphostin-C indicated that the isozymes are phosphorylated. Furthermore, inhibition of UGT phosphorylation and activity by treatment with PKCe-specific inhibitor peptide supported PKC involvement. Coimmunoprecipitation, colocalization by means of immunofluorescence, and cross-linking studies of PKCe and UGT1A7His revealed that the proteins reside within 11.4 A of each other. Moreover, mutation of three PKC sites in each UGT isozyme demonstrated that T73A/G and T202A/G caused null activity, whereas S432G-UGT1A7 caused a major shift of its pH-8.5 optimum to 6.4 with new substrate selections, including 17β-estradiol. S432G-UGT1A10 exhibited a minor pH shift without substrate alterations. PKCe involvement was confirmed by the demonstration that PKCe overexpression enhanced activity of UGT1A7 but not of its S432 mutant and the conversion of 17β-[14C]estradiol by S432G-UGT1A7 but not by UGT1A7. Consistent with these observations, treatment of UGT1A7-transfected cells with PKCe-specific inhibitor peptide or general PKC inhibitors increased 17β-estradiol catalysis between 5- and 11-fold, with parallel decreases in phosphoserine-432. Here, we report a mechanism involving PKC-mediated phosphorylation of UGT such that phosphoserine/threonine regulates substrate specificity in response to chemical exposures, which possibly confers survival benefit.
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL AND GAS WELL PLUGGING IN NEW YORK: IS THE REGULATORY SYSTEM WORKING?

The aim of this work was to evaluate New York State's regulatory program for plugging inactive oil and gas wells. Analysis of reports from the Division of Mineral Resources, Department of Environmental Conservation, reveals that three-fourths of the state's abandoned oil and gas wells were never plugged. Inadequate enforcement efforts have resulted in steady increases of unplugged oil and gas wells abandoned since 1992. Further, no program exists or is proposed to monitor abandoned wells which were plugged. These results strongly suggest that comprehensive reform and increased agency resources would be required to effectively regulate conventional oil and gas development in New York. Industrial expansion into shale oil and gas development should be postponed to avoid adding stress to an already compromised regulatory system.
Effects of Meandering on Dipole Antenna Resonant Frequency

In low-frequency applications, antenna designers find that it is beneficial to adjust the resonant frequency while preferably maintaining the physical size as a means of improving the antenna's radiation resistance, which in turn improves the radiation efficiency. The closer the resonant frequency is to the frequency of operation, the more efficient the antenna is. Addition of bends is one such technique for increasing the electrical size of a dipole antenna while maintaining the same overall physical length. This letter presents a study of the effects of bends on the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna in the VHF frequency range. A broadband equivalent circuit model for a straight dipole from previous work is adapted to a three-bend meander dipole antenna, and its performance is compared to that of a straight dipole having the same overall physical length. The predicted frequency response of the broadband model is calculated using circuit simulation software and compared to results from computational electromagnetic modeling and network-analyzer measurement of prototype straight and meandered dipole antennas.
Dynamic Decision Making and Race Games

Frequent criticism of dynamic decision making research pertains to the overly complex nature of the decision tasks used in experimentation. To address such concerns, we study dynamic decision making with respect to a simple race game, which has a computable optimal strategy. In this two-player race game, individuals compete to be the first to reach a designated threshold of points. Players alternate rolling a desired quantity of dice. If the number one appears on any of the dice, the player receives no points for his turn; otherwise, the sum of the numbers appearing on the dice is added to the player's score. Results indicate that although players are influenced by the game state when making their decisions, they tend to play too conservatively in comparison to the optimal policy and are influenced by the behavior of their opponents. Improvement in performance was negligible with repeated play. Survey data suggests that this outcome could be due to inadequate time for learning or insufficient player motivation. However, some players approached optimal heuristic strategies, which perform remarkably well.
Electronic structure and bonding of intergranular glassy films in polycrystalline Si 3 N 4 : Ab initio studies and classical molecular dynamics simulations

The electronic structure and bonding of a realistic model of an intergranular glassy film (IGF) was studied with multiple computational methods. The model has a $\mathrm{Si}--\mathrm{O}--\mathrm{N}$ glassy region sandwiched between crystalline basal planes of $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ and contains a total of 798 atoms. It was constructed with periodic boundary conditions via classical molecular dynamics (MD) techniques using an accurate multibody atomic potential. The model was then further relaxed by the VASP (Vienna ab initio simulation package) program. It is shown that the VASP-relaxed structure reduces the total energy from the MD-relaxed structure by only $47.38\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, validating the accuracy of the multiatom potential used. The calculated electronic structure shows the IGF model to be an insulator with a sizable gap of almost $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. Quasidefectlike states can be identified near the band edges arising from the more strained $\mathrm{Si}--\mathrm{N}$ and $\mathrm{Si}--\mathrm{O}$ bonds at the interface. Calculation of the Mulliken effective charge and bond order values indicates that the bonds in the glassy region and at the interface can be enhanced and weakened by distortions in the bond length and bond angle. The states at the top of the valence band are derived mostly from the crystalline part of the $\mathrm{Si}--\mathrm{N}$ bonding while the states at the bottom of the conduction band are dominated by the $\mathrm{Si}--\mathrm{O}$ bonding in the glassy region. Calculation of the electrostatic potential across the interface shows an average band offset of about $1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ between the crystalline $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ and the glassy $\mathrm{Si}--\mathrm{O}--\mathrm{N}$ region which could be related to the space charge model for IGF.
"The Ende of Alle Kynez Flesch": Ritual Sacrifice and Feasting in Cleanness

AbstractThis essay argues that the Middle English poem Cleanness uses the metaphors of sacrifice and feasting to represent the idea of Christian purity as social custom and obligation, a performable act that both informs spirituality and regulates behavior. The poem's major narratives all explicitly draw on the spiritual component involved in the preparation and consumption of the feast, including the initial act of sacrifice, and the reception of each is framed in the context of an interaction with the divine. Understanding the function of these rituals in the poem enables us to see that the concerns of the poet are far more complex than simply an orthodox treatment of sexual purity. Cleanness's structure enables the poet to discuss both aspects of the title virtue at the same time: the purity that man must struggle for in order to achieve salvation and the purity that is forcibly achieved through cleansing sacrifice; and the connection of both to the re-inscription of the divine hierarchy.
Specific gas chromatographic determination of phenothiazines and barbiturate tranquillizers with the nitrogen flame ionizations detector

Abstract The advantages of the use of the nitrogen flame ionization detector (N-FID), particularly for the analysis of phenothiazines, barbiturate tranquillizers and other nitrogen-containing organic drugs, are discussed and compared with the electron capture detector and flame ionization detector. The sensitivity, selectivity, and the response characteristics of the N-FID to organic nitrogen are independent of the chemical structure of a particular drug, so that the method requires biological sample volumes of only about 100 μl, simpliflies extraction procedures and increases the detection specificity and accuracy of the analytical data.
Detecting damage through the application of a CWT-based algorithm

Structural health monitoring systems consist of a method to measure the structure's performance at a given point in time and a means to interpret the measured raw data in terms of presence and location of damage. This work focuses on the interpretation of the measured raw data. The concept of structural health monitoring that this work supports is a multi-stage damage identification system where the first, or screening, stage is used to indicate when further inspection is necessary, prior to the degradation of structural parameters. Finding low levels of damage is important for this screening stage. This paper describes the application of a previously presented wavelet based algorithm to detect relatively low levels of structural damage. Typically strain sensor data is used in the algorithm. However, the algorithm does not depend on a specific type of data (strain, stress, displacement, etc.), the conditions (load, boundary, etc.) under which the data was acquired, or the geometry of the structure. The structures examined in this paper are steel plates. Sensor data is either obtained from experimentation or finite element models. In the case of finite element analyses, sensor data in the form of non-linear time histories is extracted, thus producing the equivalent of raw sensor data. The wavelet based algorithm makes use of the continuous wavelet transformation and examines how this feature changes as damage accumulates.
Hot and cold lava tube characterization with ground penetrating radar

Lava tubes are of interest because they dramatically alter the hazard assessment of volcanos in several different ways and because they have been and are potential places to live. Ground penetrating radar has been used to locate and characterize lava tubes since 1978 in Hawaii. GPR surveys have been done over hot lava tubes where the dielectric properties modeled from the radar data give an indication of temperature and the imaging provides information about geometry. GPR data have also been acquired over, inside, around, and through cold lava tubes, and between lava tubes and the surface. Such data yield information about location, size and shape of lava tubes as well as number, distribution and occurrence. Over hot tubes containing flowing lava, commercial radar systems require modification to survive the heat. Case histories from Hawaii are illustrated with data acquisition, display, processing, and modeling.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aspects of a formalist theory of kinship: The functional basis of its genealogical roots and some extensions in generalized alliance theory

I shall assume the general relevance of genealogy for kinship on the basis of my earlier paper (Lehman, 1993). I shall then proceed, first, to examine some further important formal properties of social structure that genealogy imposes on kinship categories. In particular, I shall argue that these make kinship the unique case of a truly ascribed, rather than achieved social structure. In that connection, I shall also show that the structure of the space of kin categories is therefore especially apt for purely formal analysis. I shall, furthermore, extend my earlier work on the category theoretical relation between the two spaces, demonstrating additional algebraic properties that follow from the way genealogical space provides the ground for the instantiation of kin categories, i.e. defining the notion of (possible) kin category occupancy. This, in turn, will involve specifying in detail the way (populations of) actual or supposed individuals are brought into the picture, and especially the way that concep...
Constructions of Nation and the Classicisation of Music: Comparative Perspectives from Southeast and South Asia

This article compares how elite music was classicised or canonised as part of the process of constructing national culture in India, Indonesia and Thailand. Issues examined include the role of the middle class; homogeneity and heterogeneity in national culture; the rise of mass education and innovative forms of musical transmission; the institutionalisation of music theory and music scholarship; dynamic influences from the West; and transformations in the roles of musician, patron and audience.
Analysis of a lattice Wess-Zumino scheme for chiral fermions

Abstract We show that the four-dimensional version of the chiral lattice fermion scheme proposed by Aoki and Funakubo and Kashiwa leads, in the continuum limit, to a transverse, but quadratically divergent, contribution to the effective vacuum polarization. Hence, the scheme does not make sense without the addition of counterterms beyond those that are required in the continuum theory.
Dictionary learning over large distributed models via dual-ADMM strategies

We consider the problem of dictionary learning over large scale models, where the model parameters are distributed over a multi-agent network. We demonstrate that the dual optimization problem for inference is better conditioned than the primal problem and that the dual cost function is an aggregate of individual costs associated with different network agents. We also establish that the dual cost function is smooth, strongly-convex, and possesses Lipschitz continuous gradients. These properties allow us to formulate efficient distributed ADMM algorithms for the dual inference problem. In particular, we show that the proximal operators utilized in the ADMM algorithm can be characterized in closed-form with linear complexity for certain useful dictionary learning scenarios.
Canonical Wnt signaling: an unexpected new player.

Canonical Wnt signaling, below the Fz/LRP receptor complex, induces the stabilization of β-catenin via an unresolved mechanism. A recent study in Genes & Development introduces a new player and deepens our understanding of this signaling relay that plays pivotal roles during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Assessment and Diagnosis of Mental Illness in Persons with Mental Retardation Methods and Measures

The assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in individuals with mental retardation has been a neglected area of research. However, current research indicates that these individuals suffer from the same range of psychiatric disorders that is evident in those who are not mentally retarded. A model of assessment and diagnosis of mental illness in this population is presented that incorporates psychiatric as well as behavioral methods. The emphasis is on the comprehensive assessment of an individual's behavior, based on family history, self and informant clinical interviews, rating scales, direct observations, and an experimental analysis of the target behaviors. The model provides the basis for making differential diagnoses in terms of related psychiatric disorders and between psychiatric disorders and behavior problems. Depression and schizophrenia are used as illustrative disorders to describe the application of this model. Given the paucity of literature on the assessment and diagnosis of mental illness in individuals with mental retardation, a number of suggestions are made regarding future research and refinement of the model.
MicroRNAs-control of essential genes: Implications for pulmonary vascular disease

During normal lung development and in lung diseases structural cells in the lungs adapt to permit changes in lung function. Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle, epithelial cells, and various progenitor cells can all undergo phenotypic modulation. In the pulmonary vasculature occlusive vascular lesions that occur in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension are multifocal, polyclonal lesions containing cells presumed to have undergone phenotypic transition resulting in altered proliferation, cell lifespan or contractility. Dynamic changes in gene expression and protein composition that underlie processes responsible for such cellular plasticity are not fully defined. Advances in molecular biology have shown that multiple classes of ribonucleic acid (RNA) collaborate to establish the set of proteins expressed in a cell. Both coding Messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and small noncoding RNAs (miRNA) act via multiple parallel signaling pathways to regulate transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA stability, translation and possibly protein lifespan. Rapid progress has been made in describing dynamic features of miRNA expression and miRNA function in some vascular tissues. However posttranscriptional gene silencing by microRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and translational blockade is not as well defined in the pulmonary vasculature. Recent progress in defining miRNAs that modulate vascular cell phenotypes is reviewed to illustrate both functional and therapeutic significance of small noncoding RNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Hybridization analysis of genomic variability among isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus using cDNA probes.

Abstract Genomic variability among 28 cytopathic and 37 non-cytopathic isolates of BVDV was evaluated using hybridization analysis. Total RNA, isolated from cell cultures infected with BVDV, was probed with each of three plasmids containing cDNA derived from the cytopathic BVDV-NADL isolate. The three cDNA plasmid probes represented about 40% of the BVDV-NADL genome. The probes originated from the 5′ end of the viral genome, the region of the genome coding for the p80 polypeptide and the 3′ end of the genome. Three temperatures, 63 °C, 53 °C and 43 °C, were used for hybridization and washing and allowed approximately 29%, 36%, and 43% mismatch, respectively. Fifteen of the BVD viral isolates differed by less than 29% from BVDV-NADL in all three of the regions probed. Seventeen of the BVD viral isolates differed between 36% and 43% from BVDV-NADL in all three of the regions probed. Ten viral isolates differed by more than 43% from BVDV-NADL in all the regions probed. The remaining viral isolates exhibited different levels of similarity to BVDV-NADL in the three areas probed.
Spatial frequency masking of lateralized word recognition

Lateralized words varying in size were postexposurally masked using checkerboards of 2, 4, or 8 cycles per degree. In errors, main effects were found for size, visual field, and spatial frequency. Although the expected right visual field advantage in recognition was found, and the differential effectiveness of the spatial-frequency masks was supported, there was no visual field × frequency interaction. In reaction time, a size × visual field interaction was found, but it was opposite to the effect typically claimed for size as an input variable. It is concluded that views of hemispheric differences that stress process type are likely to have more explanatory value than those stressing spatial frequency.
Self-Diffusion and Nuclear Relaxation in He 3

Direct spin-echo measurements of diffusion coefficient ($D$) and spin relaxation time (${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$) have been performed on ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, with an accuracy \ensuremath{\sim}2% in the range 0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at pressures to 67 atmos in the liquid, the solid, and in dilute solutions of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ in ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$. Unactivated diffusion is observed to the lowest temperatures in the liquid, but not in the solid. By measurement of $D$ at 19 atmos we find an activation energy of 13.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for the production of scatterers in He II. There is an extended discussion of experimental details.