cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of three-dimensional–three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography spin fusion protocol for complex aortoiliac endovascular interventions

Abstract Complex endovascular aortic interventions in patients with excessive tortuosity or difficult gantry angles can be challenging. Although fusion imaging can help navigate these issues, it is based on preoperative imaging studies, which becomes skewed after introduction of stiff wires and large devices into the aorta. The subtraction spin protocol performs two cone-beam computed tomography scans to create a subtracted image of the contrast-filled vessels after wire and device placement to accommodate vessel distortion. We have reported a complex fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair case with a highly angulated neck to highlight the advantages of the subtraction spin protocol in anatomically hostile endovascular repairs.
Analysis of Traumatic Axillo-Subclavian Vessel Injuries: Endovascular Management is a Viable Option to Open Surgical Reconstruction.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In traumatic axillo-subclavian vessel injuries, endovascular repair has been increasingly described, despite ongoing questions regarding infection risk and long-term durability. We sought to compare the clinical and safety outcomes between endovascular and surgical treatment of traumatic axillo-subclavian vessel injuries. METHOD A search query of the prospectively maintained PROOVIT registry for patients older than 18 years of age with a diagnosis of axillary or subclavian vessel injury between 2014-2019 was performed at a Level 1 Trauma Center. Patient demographics, severity of injury, Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), procedural interventions, complications, and patency outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with traumatic axillo-subclavian vessel injuries were included. There were similar rates of penetrating and blunt injuries (48% vs 52%, respectively). Eighteen patients (78%) underwent intervention: 11 underwent endovascular stenting or diagnostic angiography; 7 underwent open surgical repair. There was similar severity of arterial injuries between the endovascular and open surgical groups: transection (30% vs 40%, respectively), occlusion (30% vs 40%, respectively). The open surgical group had worse initial clinical comorbidities: higher ISS scores (17.0 vs 13.5, p = 0.034), higher median MESS scores (6 vs 3.5, p = 0.001). The technical success for the endovascular group was 100%. The endovascular group had a lower estimated procedural blood loss (27.5 mL vs 624 mL, p = 0.03). The endovascular arterial group trended toward a shorter length of hospital stay (5.6 days vs 27.6 days, p = 0.09) and slightly reduced procedural time (191.0 minutes vs 223.5 minutes, p = 0.165). Regarding imaging follow up (average of 60 days post-discharge), 7 patients (54%) underwent surveillance imaging (5 with duplex ultrasound, 2 with computed tomography angiography CTA) that demonstrated 100% patency. Regardless of ISS or MESS scores, at long term clinical follow up (average of 214 days), there were no limb losses, graft infections or vascular complications in either the endovascular or open surgical group. CONCLUSION Endovascular treatment is a viable option for axillo-subclavian vessel injuries. Preliminary results demonstrate that endovascular treatment, when compared to open surgical repair, can have similar rates of technical success and long term outcomes in patency, infection and vascular complications.
Is the Immediate Postpartum Period Crucial to the Mother‐Child Relationship?

Two groups of 10 primiparas each were studied, one with rooming‐in and one in a maternity ward setting, by means of an open‐ended questionnaire. The group with rooming‐in had more contact hours with their newborns and, as expected, demonstrated closer mother‐child relationships–as measured by thoughts about and feelings toward their infants. They also demonstrated greater competence in caretaking activities.
Structural role of the matrix protein of type D retroviruses in gag polyprotein stability and capsid assembly.

Abstract To obtain a better understanding of the role of the gag gene-encoded matrix (MA) protein in the assembly and maturation of type D retroviruses, we have made five mutants with specific in-frame deletions within the p10-coding region by the use of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The changes in the Gag polyprotein made by these mutations resulted in almost identical phenotypes. In cells expressing mutant genomes, the mutant Gag polyproteins were synthesized and modified with myristic acid in a normal manner. However, they were so unstable that the bulk of the newly synthesized polyproteins was degraded within 1 h without being processed into mature structural polypeptides. In contrast, wild-type polyproteins have a processing half-life of 3.0 to 3.5 h. The mutant Gag polyproteins were assembled with very low efficiency into capsids in the cytoplasm of the mutant-infected cells. Moreover, the few capsids that formed were neither released from nor accumulated in the cells. These results suggest that the matrix protein plays an important role in guiding the correct folding of the Gag polyprotein, which is presumably crucial for both stabilizing the molecule and facilitating the intermolecular interactions that occur during assembly of immature capsids.
A model of a packet aggregation system

The decision and ability to aggregate packets can have significant impact on the performance of a communication system. The impact can be even more substantial when the system operates under a heavy load. In this paper, we present a queuing model which describes a packet encapsulation and aggregation process. Using this model, we provide analysis of the end-to-end delay of a packet transmitted by the system. The analytical model is verified by a simulation model of the system. We calculate the maximum number of packets in a single frame for which packet aggregation minimizes the average total delay of a packet. It is numerically shown that when the load is high, the higher the variability of the packet service time, the higher the maximum allowed number of packets in the frame should be to achieve the minimum average total packet delay. However, the impact of the variability of the packet service time is insignificant when the system load is moderate or low.
Education for Practice: Teaching about the Environment.

Abstract An ecological perspective on social work practice underscores the need for a dual or holistic focus on people and environments. Concepts and principles regarding the dynamic environment are developing rapidly in organizational theory, social network theory, environmental psychology, and in social work. The authors describe content and methods useful in teaching assessment and intervention in selected aspects of the micro environment.
Noninvasive Measurement of Acoustic Properties of Fluids Using Ultrasonic Interferometry Technique

A swept-frequency ultrasonic interferometry technique is used for noninvasively determining acoustic properties of fluids inside containers. Measurements over a frequency range 1-15 MHz on six liquid chemicals are presented. Measurements were made with the liquid inside standard rectangular optical glass cells and stainless steel cylindrical shells. A theoretical model based on one-dimensional planar acoustic wave propagation through multi-layered media is employed for the interpretation of the observed resonance (interference) spectrum. Two analytical methods, derived from the transmission model are used for determination of sound speed, sound attenuation coefficient, and density of liquids from the relative amplitude and half-power peak width of the observed resonance peaks. Effects of the container material and geometrical properties, path-length, wall thickness are also studied. This study shows that the interferometry technique and the experimental method developed are capable of accurate determination of sound speed, sound attenuation, and density in fluids completely noninvasively. It is a capable and versatile fluid characterization technique and has many potential NDE applications.
Circulating CD34+ Cell Count is Associated with Extent of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Amish Men, Independent of 10-Year Framingham Risk

Background: Bone-marrow derived progenitor cells (PCs) may play a role in maintaining vascular health by actively repairing damaged endothelium. The purpose of this study in asymptomatic Old Order Amish men (n = 90) without hyper- tension or diabetes was to determine if PC count, as determined by CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood, was associated with 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: CD34+ cell count by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, coronary artery calcification (CAC) by electron beam computed tomography, and CVD risk factors were obtained. Carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) also was obtained in a subset of 57 men. After adjusting for 10-year CVD risk, CD34+ cell count was significantly associated with CAC quantity ( p = 0.03) and CIMT ( p 0.0001). A 1-unit increase in natural-log transformed CD34+ cell count was associated with an estimated 55.2% decrease (95% CI: −77.8% to −9.3%) in CAC quantity and an estimated 14.3% decrease (95% CI: −20.1% to −8.1%) in CIMT. Conclusions: Increased CD34+ cell count was associated with a decrease in extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in multiple arterial beds, independent of 10-year CVD risk. Further investigations of associations of CD34+ cell count with subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals could provide mechanistic insights into the atherosclerotic process.
Naturally Occurring CD4 + Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Are an Essential, IL-10-Independent Part of the Immunoregulatory Network in Schistosoma mansoni Egg-Induced Inflammation

In acute and chronic schistosomiasis, survival of the host requires a carefully balanced immune response against highly immunogenic parasite eggs. We characterized the phenotype, distribution, and functional role of CD4 + Foxp3 + naturally occurring regulatory T cells (naTregs) in schistosome egg-induced inflammation. In adoptive transfer experiments and by intracellular staining for Foxp3, we demonstrate significant frequencies of naTregs in hepatic granulomas and draining lymphoid tissues of mice infected with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni . Strikingly, egg-induced inflammation does not change the normal ratio between naTregs and effector CD4 + T cells at the inflammatory site or in lymphoid organs in acute or chronic disease. However, increasing frequencies of CD103-expressing cells in the naTreg compartment indicate a change in phenotype for naTregs with disease progression. Because CD103 was described recently as an activation marker for naTregs, we speculate that naTregs in chronic schistosomiasis are potentially more suppressive. Furthermore, we found that most naTregs do not contribute to egg-induced IL-4 and IL-10 production. Importantly, depletion of CD25 + naTregs strongly enhances the frequency of IL-4-producing effector T cells in acute egg-induced inflammation. It does not change clonal expansion of activated CD4 + T cells. This regulation of egg-induced cytokine production does not require the presence of IL-10. These data demonstrate that naTregs limit egg-induced effector-cytokine production in our model. Our results identify naTregs as an important, IL-10-independent part of the regulatory network in schistosome egg-induced inflammation.
Analysis methods for two types of second-order thermal transients

Methods are developed to find rate constants, asymptotes, and first derivatives of proportional temperature change at time zero for second-order transients when rate of change in core temperature initially is retarded or accelerated. Methods are applied to data for cooling chicken eggs (initially retarded core dynamics) and cooling 1-day-old nestling House Wrens in broods under natural conditions (initially accelerated core dynamics). Asymptotes minus Te are used to estimate an average net metabolic heat production rate of 0.016 W±0.0108 (S.D., n=10n=10) for 1-day-old House Wrens, a value similar to previous estimates using different methods.
Chronic pretreatment with methylphenidate induces cross-sensitization with amphetamine.

Consequence of the long-term use of psychostimulants as treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown, particularly whether treatment with psychostimulants at an early age increases an individual's potential for cross-sensitization to other stimulants exposed at a later age. Cross-sensitization occurs when pretreatment with one stimulant leads to greater sensitivity to another stimulant. The aims of this study were to investigate whether chronic treatment with methylphenidate (MPD; Ritalin) in both juvenile and adult rats induced cross-sensitization to amphetamine at a later time and whether this cross-sensitization to amphetamine was age-dependent. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: (1) group treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline as juveniles and adults, (2) group treated with 0.6 mg/kg amphetamine, i.p., as juveniles and adults, (3) group treated with 2.5 mg/kg MPD, i.p., as juveniles and adults, and (4) group treated with saline, i.p., as juveniles and 2.5 mg/kg MPD, i.p., as adults. All of the animals received an amphetamine (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge on the last experimental day. We examined the effects of chronic MPD treatment in juvenile and adult rats on their locomotor response to an acute amphetamine exposure. Three different locomotor indices were studied using an automated activity monitoring system. Changes in the locomotor responses to amphetamine of these animals were compared to those of control rats that were pretreated with saline as juveniles and as adults. It was found that prior chronic treatment with MPD produced cross-sensitization to the locomotor response to amphetamine as observed in the horizontal activity and total distance traveled. It also appears that this cross-sensitization to amphetamine may not be dependent on the age of the subjects, i.e., whether subjects were juvenile or adult rats when they received drugs, but rather it depended on the behavioral index examined.
Analytical Solutions for Free-Hydrocarbon Recovery using Skimmer and Dual-Pump Wells

Abstract Accidental release of petroleum hydrocarbons to the subsurface may occur through spills around refineries, leaking pipelines, storage tanks or other sources. If the spill is large, the hydrocarbon liquids may eventually reach a water table and spread laterally in a pancake-like lens. Hydrocarbons that exist as a separate phase are termed light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL). The portion of the LNAPL that is mobile, not entrapped as residual saturation, is termed free product. This paper presents new analytical solutions for the design of long-term free-product recovery from aquifers with skimmer-, singleand dual-pump wells. The solutions are for steady-state flow, based on the assumption of vertical equilibrium, and include the effect of coning of LNAPL, air, and water on flow. The solutions are valid for soils of large hydraulic conductivity where the effect of capillary pressure on coning is small. The results show how to estimate the maximum rate of inflow of LNAPL for skimmer wells, i.e. wells in which LNAPL is recovered with little or no water production. The paper also shows how to calculate the increase in LNAPL recovery when water is pumped by single or dual-pump wells. A simple equation is given that can be used to adjust the water rate to avoid smearing of the LNAPL below the water table.
Nurse staffing, RN mix, and assault rates on psychiatric units.

The association between nurse staffing and patient violence on psychiatric units is unclear, and the association between nursing skill mix and violence has not been studied. Monthly data on physical/sexual assaults by patients against others were obtained for 351 adult psychiatric units. Total and injury assault rates were modeled as dependent variables using hierarchical Poisson regression, with total staffing and registered nurse (RN) mix as predictors. Assault rates were 12% higher per additional nursing hour per patient day but 6% lower per 5-point increase in percent of hours provided by RNs. In cubic spline models fit to explore nonlinear staffing-violence associations, assault rates increased with staffing through most of its range but began to decline at very high levels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health. Language: en
The low-lying states and configurations in 138 La

Tritons from the reaction139La(d, t)138La atEd=16 MeV were analyzed at eleven reaction angles from 22 ° to 90 ° with a broad-range magnetic spectrograph. TheQ-value of the reaction is −2522±5 keV. The nine lowest-lying states in138La are interpreted in terms of the shell model configurations (πg7/2)−1 (vd3/2)−1, (πg7/2)−1 (vs1/2)−1 and (πg7/2)−2 (πd5/2)−1(vd3/2)−1. Seven levels in the energy range of 700–1300 keV are populated byl=5 transitions and are interpreted as coming from the (πg7/2)−1(vh11/2)−1 configuration. The ground state of138La is shown to haveJπ=5+. Therefore, beta decay by unique second-forbidden transitions to the 2+ one-phonon states of138Ce and138Ba must be inferred in spite of unusually high logft values of 19.2 and 18.5, respectively.
A model for the dynamic response of a cooling coil

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate simulation models for the dynamic performance of dry and wet cooling coils. The energy consumed by a building air conditioning system is directly related to that in the cooling coil. A dry-area model without consideration of condensation is established with three energy equations, and a wet-area model is developed based on a mass balance equation for moist air and three energy equations for the air, tube/fin, and working fluid. The derivatives with respect to the time variable are approximated using an explicit method, and the upwind approximation is used for the spatial variables. The results of the dry-area model show good agreement with those for the effectiveness method and the dynamic responses have reasonable physical meaning. The wet-area model is first compared to the dry-area model, and then the wet conditions are applied. A new factor called the mass transfer efficiency as a parallel to the total fin efficiency is introduced in the mass balance equation for the wet-area model to produce consistent results. The dynamic responses for several practical operations related to changing inlet conditions are reported. Comparisons indicate that the model predictions show good agreement with experimental data.
The Korean metals industry and economic development

Abstract This paper investigates costs and input utilization in the Korean basic metals industry, utilizing a translog cost function with three inputs (capital, labor, and intermediate goods) to examine possible economies of scale and substitute/complement relationships between the input pairs. The estimated cost function is consistent with the hypothesis of constant returns to scale and, in general, with the hypothesis that all inputs are highly imperfect substitutes. These findings suggest that infant industry protection for the Korean metals industry cannot be justified and that it is unlikely that any realignment of relative factor prices would provide substantial cost reductions from input substitution. ( JEL F14, O14, O33)
Control of glycolysis in the lens

Those factors that alter the rate of glucose transport across the lens fiber membrane do not significantly influence the rate of glycolysis. Changes in the rate of glucose entry into the lens fiber, both by diffusion and facilitated transport, appear to follow, not induce, changes in glycolytic rate. The maximal rate of glycolysis is a direct function of the amount of hexokinase present. Two separate forms of lens hexokinase are present, and it is possible that each has a role in pacing glycolysis. The fine control of the glycolytic rate resides in the mechanisms regulating the rates of the hexokinase and phosphofructokinase reactions. As the adenosine triphosphate pool increases, there is less need for active glycolysis, and the accumulating adenosine triphosphate inhibits lens phosphofructokinase. This allows fructose-6-phosphate and consequently glucose-6-phosphate to accumulate. The latter compound inhibits lens hexokinase. The whole sequence is reversed if the adenosine triphosphate level begins to fall, as might occur under conditions of increased energy consumption. The inhibition of these two enzymes can be modulated by other compounds: adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, guanosine triphosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and inorganic phosphate.
Meta-Analysis Reveals a Critical Period for Management of Powdery Mildew on Hop Cones

Results of 28 field trials conducted over a 12-year period investigating management of hop powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera macularis were quantitatively summarized by meta-analysis to compare product efficacy and use patterns by mode of action as defined by Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) groups. Availability of original observations enabled individual participant data meta-analysis. Differences in control of powdery mildew on leaves and cones were apparent among fungicide FRAC groups when individual products were evaluated over the course of a growing season. FRAC groups 13, 3, and U13 provided the most efficacious control of powdery mildew on leaves. Percent disease control on cones was influenced by midseason foliar disease and fungicide mode-of-action. FRAC 13 provided significantly better disease control on cones than all other groups except U13, 3, and premixes of 7 with 11. Disease control on leaves was similar when a rotational program of fungicides was used, independent of the m...
Alcoholism as an addiction: The disease concept reconsidered

Abstract The concept of alcoholism as a disease is compared to the concept of addiction in regard to individual intentionality, the resultant social and legal accountability and especially the total phenomenology of the addictive process. It is held that alcoholism is essentially an addiction like any other that if active, can culminate in various diseases and in death but that its most significant and characteristic volitional disorder: starting to drink when sober, is not explained by the disease concept. The concept of alcoholism as a disease is basically due to a reversal of the perception of cause and effect and has thereby impoverished full understanding and treatment of the entire process of addictive emotionally, addictive relationships and the addictive way of life. The disease concept can contribute best by inclusion to describe the results of active alcoholism but not as an explanation. This means we must turn to the concept of addiction to provide more accurate guidance in the development of adequate domestic and societal responses to alcoholism and especially for more adequate management methods for the physician confronted with the many overt and hidden forms of alcoholism in daily practice.
Conservatism, Personality and Political Extremism*

The empirical study of political ideology in mass publics must ultimately be related to political behavior; otherwise, the ideological description of such publics exists in an action vacuum. Yet, the most detailed and sophisticated descriptions and analyses of American conservatives and their characteristics are those which have most notably failed to connect their findings (about opinions, attitudes and ideologies) with consistent or predictable political activity of any kind. This absence of systematic linkage between belief and behavior is primarily a consequence of the general absence of ideological structure in the political orientation of the broad American electorate. But it is also a consequence of the researchers' reliance on a priori ideological measures of doubtful validity. Hence, when the student of politics is informed that reputed conservatives are, or tend to be, authoritarian, anti-Semitic and ethnocentric, or imbued with “… feelings of worthlessness, submissiveness, inferiority, timidity …, …. hostile and suspicious, … rigid and compulsive, … inflexible and unyielding …,” he must question the adequacy of the political designation “conservative” both on descriptive and predictive grounds. Because of these methodological and empirical problems, I suggest that the findings of prior resaerch and hypotheses related to them, be tested in a different manner. For example, if one examines the membership and/or known supporters of organizations which exist to aggregate and channel conservative political demands, the analysis of political ideology and its correlates can be conducted in a definitively political context, with the labels being supplied (or implied) by the actors themselves.
The role of the lamellar interface during torsional yielding of human cortical bone.

Abstract Fragility fractures are a result of alterations in bone quantity, tissue properties, applied loads, or a combination of these factors. The current study addresses the contribution of cortical bone tissue properties to skeletal fragility by characterizing the shear damage accumulation processes which occur during torsional yielding in normal bone. Samples of human femoral cortical bone were loaded in torsion and damaged at a post-yield twist level. The number of microcracks within osteons, interstitial tissue, and along cement lines were assessed using basic fuchsin staining. Damage density measures (number of cracks/mm 2 ) were correlated with stiffness degradation and changes in relaxation. Damaged samples exhibited a wide variation in total microcrack density, ranging from 1.1 to 43.3 cracks/mm 2 with a mean density of 19.7±9.8 cracks/mm 2 . Lamellar interface cracks comprised more than 75% of the total damage, indicating that the lamellar interface is weak in shear and is a principal site of shear damage accumulation. Damage density was positively correlated with secant stiffness degradation, but only explained 22% of the variability in degradation. In contrast, damage density was uncorrelated with the changes in relaxation, indicating that a simple crack counting measure such as microcrack density was not an appropriate measure of relaxation degradation. Finally, a nonuniform microcrack density distribution was observed, suggesting that internal shear stresses were redistributed within the torsion samples during post-yield loading. The results suggested that the lamellar interface in human cortical bone plays an important role in torsional yielding by keeping cracks physically isolated from each other and delaying microcrack coalescence in order to postpone the inevitable formation of the fatal crack.
ABILITY AND ACHIEVEMENT AS MODERATING VARIABLES OF STUDENT SATISFACTION AND TEACHER PERCEPTION

The relationship between student academic attitudes and achievement as well as teachers’ ability to estimate such attitudes constituted the dual focus of the present study. One hundred and thirteen seventh and eighth grade students responded to two attitudinal questionnaires under anonymous conditions. In addition, assessment of standardized achievement test performance, and teacher estimates of student attitudes were gathered. Simple correlational analyses revealed small but significant relationships between attitudes and achievement and student attitudes and teacher estimates. Partialling and moderator analyses indicated more complex relationships between these variables as well as future directions of related research.
Load Size Variation in the Eastern Chipmunk, Tamias striatus: The Importance of Distance from Burrow and Canopy Cover

We examined the degree to which chipmunks foraging from dishes containing sunflower seeds varied cheek pouch load size according to both travel time (distance from burrows) and predation hazard (canopy cover). Results showed that larger loads were taken under cover at some distance from burrows than were taken from closer or more open sites. Distance effects appeared to reflect the influence of traveling times on quitting harvest rates as predicted by central place foraging models. Quitting harvest rates also appeared to be higher under low than under dense canopy cover; this trend was most pronounced at some distance from burrows suggesting that foraging decisions were made relative to both energetics and predator avoidance. Chipmunks appeared to employ a patch exploitation strategy that minimized the hazard: gain ratio
Experimental verification of a microbuckling model for the axial compressive failure of high performance polymer fibres

A previously derived theoretical compressive strength for fibres composed of uniaxially oriented and extended polymer chains was compared with the measured strengths of several high performance fibres. For failure initiated by elastic microbuckling of polymer chains or fibrils, the maximum fibre strength is predicted to be equal to the minimum longitudinal shear modulus of the fibre. An excellent linear correlation between measured strengths and torsion moduli was obtained for four liquid-crystalline polymer fibres and high modulus graphite fibres. The correlation shows that measured strengths are 30% of the corresponding torsion moduli for all these fibres. A high modulus, high strength polyethylene fibre exhibited a compressive strength-torsion modulus ratio that was lower than the value 0.3 obtained for the other fibres examined in this study.
Effect of succinylation on images of negatively stained arrays of mitochondrial outer membrane channels.

Abstract The voltage-dependent anion-selective channels of the outer membrane of Neurospora mitochondria occur in two-dimensional crystalline arrays. Electron microscopic images of negatively stained arrays have been compared for normal membranes and membranes pretreated with succinic anhydride, which changes the functional characteristics of the channel. Succinic anhydride does not alter the lattice parameters or the long-range order in the arrays. Also, it has no significant effect on correlation averages of channel arrays embedded in uranyl acetate. Thus, functional changes induced in the channel by succinic anhydride are probably not due to large-scale conformational changes. The distribution of the anionic stain phosphotungstate on the mitochondrial channel arrays is significantly altered by succinic anhydride pretreatment. There are loci on the channels of reduced phosphotungstate accumulation following succinylation. Since phosphotungstate staectively stains positively charged amino acids, it is proposed that these loci may represent clusters of functionally important, exposed basic amino acids.
Evaluation of a Surface Flow Bypass System for Steelhead Kelt Passage at Bonneville Dam, Washington

Abstract A surface flow bypass system for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. began operation at the second powerhouse (B2) of Bonneville Dam on the lower Columbia River in spring 2004. This surface bypass, called the “B2 corner collector,” is the result of extensive modification of the original B2 sluice chute. Because steelhead O. mykiss are iteroparous, the effect of this bypass and the unmodified sluiceway at the older first powerhouse (B1) on downstream migration of postspawn steelhead (i.e., kelts) may be an important factor in the rate of iteroparity. As such, passage at Bonneville Dam (river kilometer (rkm) 234, measured from the mouth of the Columbia River) was examined to understand the efficiency of surface bypass in passing kelts. Steelhead kelts were collected, radio-tagged, and volitionally released from the juvenile bypass facilities at McNary Dam (rkm 465) and John Day Dam (rkm 345) on the Columbia River during spring 2004. Forebay residence times for kelts passing via B2 (with the c...
Forensic foraging of change detection in opponent strategies with a neural model of the interactions between temporal and prefrontal cortex

Abstract Change detection, and which information to attend to, are key research problems relevant to understanding adaptive behavior. Rational analyses of change detection have been developed in optimal foraging theory ( McNamara and Houston, 1987 , Stephens, 1987 ) and psychology ( Gallistel, Krishan, Liu, Miller, & Latham, 2014 ). Information foraging models ( Pirolli, 2007 ) have been developed to predict the optimal choice of information, and when to terminate collecting additional information. Optimal performance depend crucially on changing behavior when the world changes. For example, intelligence analysts track the dynamically changing strategies of adversaries and must choose information to weigh the utility of alternate actions regarding these agents. Neurobiologically-plausible descriptions of these behaviors have thus far been fragmentary (cf., Hayden, Pearson, & Platt, 2011 ). Here, behavioral and mechanistic differences in belief updating about an agent’s strategy, and information foraging choices were investigated in a variant of the patch foraging task. Human subjects typically displayed non-normative updating and information foraging decisions which influenced future belief updating and foraging behaviors. To explore the biological basis of these behaviors, a neural model which forages, processes, and updates the beliefs of competing hypotheses was created. Strategy updating and information foraging behaviors were modeled in the temporal and prefrontal cortices consistent with theories of human cognitive processing during adversarial game play. The neural model reproduced human behaviors observed in foraging, belief updating, and change detection. These results highlight the importance of updating strategy, foraging, and fatigue behaviors and provide a simulation framework for future studies to investigate other high-level cognitive behaviors.
Legal reasoning in 3-D

This article contains a theory of normative defeasible reasoning based on the modal deontic logic 3-D. The concept of “relative weight” between competing norms is defined, and 3-D is used to formalize two types of legal reasoning (“subsumptive” and “means/end”). A general overview is given of a PROLOG program, 3dpr, that implements the 3-D based theory of normative reasoning.
Isomerization of d-fructose by base: Liquid-chromatographic evaluation and the isolation of d-psicose

Abstract Several bases have been evaluated as catalysts for the production of d -psicose ( d - ribo -2-hexulose) from d -fructose. The hexose levels in the isomerized mixtures were quantified by l.c. on a μBondapak/Carbohydrate column. The most effective and convenient base was found to be pyridine, and mixtures produced by boiling concentrated solutions (1 g/mL) of d -fructose in pyridine under reflux contained 12.4% of psicose, lesser proportions of glucose and mannose, and 25.8% of the starting material. Following removal of solvent, fermentation with bakers' yeast removed most hexoses other than d -psicose, which was isolated by chromatography on cellulose. The entire procedure required three days, and d -psicose was obtained in gram quantities in 6.8% of the theoretical yield.
Neurodevelopmental and medical status of low-birthweight survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 10 to 12 years of age

Thirty low-birthweight (less than 1500g) infants (15 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and 15 controls less than or equal to 5 days O2) and 15 fullterm controls were evaluated at 10 to 12 years of age. BPD children weighted less than fullterm children and had smaller head circumferences than either preterm or fullterm controls. They also had significantly more neurological abnormality than both control groups. BPD children and preterm controls had lower WISC-R arithmetic scores and lower Beery VMI scores, as well as greater need of resources and special education compared with fullterm controls. BPD survivors at 10 to 12 years of age continue to manifest sequelae related to their early pulmonary disease.
Bandwidth- and power-efficient multicarrier multiple access

Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) gains increasing attention for broadband, high data rate wireless communications. We develop a novel unitary precoded (UP) OFDMA scheme that is particularly appealing for the uplink, because it offers high bandwidth efficiency, and constant modulus transmissions for each user. Theoretical analysis of UP-OFDMA with channel coding shows the performance improvement introduced by unitary precoding. It provides useful guidelines for practical system designs, and also quantifies the performance of UP-OFDMA relative to the single-user bound. Simulations confirm that UP-OFDMA improves performance considerably relative to conventional OFDMA.
Highly efficient SERS substrate for direct detection of explosive TNT using popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticle-functionalized SWCNT hybrid

This paper reports for the first time the development of a large-scale SERS substrate from a popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticle-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes hybrid thin film for the selective and highly sensitive detection of explosive TNT material at a 100 femtomolar (fM) level.
The Thermodynamics of Ordered Perovskites on the CaTiO3-FeTiO3 Join

The enthalpies of formation from ilmenite, FeTiO3, and perovskite, CaTiO3, of two intermediate ordered perovskite phases, CaFeTi2O6 and CaFe3Ti4O12, have been measured at 801°C using oxide melt solution calorimetry. These data, in combination with experiments at high pressure and temperature, indicate that below 1518±50°C CaFe3Ti4O12 is stable at lower pressures (∼7 GPa at 1200°C) than CaFeTi2O6 (∼13 GPa at 1200°C). This relationship should be reversed, and CaFeTi2O6 should become stable at lower pressures than CaFe3Ti4O12, at temperatures above 1518±50°C. These intermediate phases are of petrological interest because they form as a reaction between two minerals, ilmenite and perovskite, which are commonly associated in kimberlites, and because their pressure-temperature range of formation overlaps that of origin of kimberlites.
Effects of surface heat and moisture exchange on ARW-WRF warm-season precipitation forecasts over the central United States

Abstract The evolution of the daytime planetary boundary layer (PBL) and its association with warm-season precipitation is strongly impacted by land–atmosphere heat and moisture exchange (hereafter surface exchange). However, substantial uncertainty exists in the parameterization of the surface exchange in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In the current study, the authors examine 0–24-h convection-permitting forecasts with different surface exchange strengths for a 6-day period during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). Results indicate sensitivity in the timing of simulated afternoon convection initiation and subsequent precipitation amounts to variations in surface exchange strength. Convection initiation in simulations with weak surface exchange was delayed by 2–3 h compared to simulations with strong surface exchange, and area-averaged total precipitation amounts were less by up to a factor of 2. Over the western high plains (105°–100°W longitude), where deep convection is locally gen...
Mycosis fungoides. Intraocular and central nervous system involvement.

• A 58-year-old man with mycosis fungoides was treated with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation for the recurrent cutaneous form of this disease. Five years after the onset, he developed blurring of vision, neurologic signs, and then lapsed into coma. Chemotherapy and radiation treatment resulted in improvement of the ocular and systemic picture. Within three months, however, the patient's vision deteriorated and swelling of both optic discs, along with retinal and vitreous infiltrates, was noted. Local radiation of the eyes was followed by improvement of the ocular changes. Five months later the patient died. Results of a histologic examination of the eyes showed extensive involvement of the retina and vitreous by tumor cells. The CNS was remarkably free of tumor cells and it was assumed that the radiation and chemotherapy were responsible for this. ( Arch Ophthalmol 95:645-650, 1977)
A computer program for simulating many-spin NMR spectra

Abstract A digital computer program has been developed for simulating spectra arising from many coupled nuclear spins. It is particularly designed for the analysis of polymer spectra. The input is any set of transition lists, preferably the output transition frequencies and intensities from one of the conventional spin simulation programs. The transition lists are combined with appropriate statistical weights to simulate the spectra of synthetic polymers. Use of the program is illustrated by tests of various models for quantitatively estimating the tacticity of polypropylene from high resolution 1H-NMR spectra.
An optimization procedure for maximizing the energy absorption capability of composite shells

Composite cylindrical shells are being used more extensively for structural applications in both rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft where low weight and high strength are important design issues. This paper addresses the energy absorption capability of such shells, under axial compressive loading. A design optimization procedure is developed to improve the energy absorption by maximizing the buckling and postbuckling characteristics of the shells. The sensitivity of both geometric and material properties is investigated by studying thin-walled shells of several thicknesses, made of different types of orthotropic laminates. Constraints are imposed on the longitudinal, normal, and in-plane shear stresses of each ply by utilizing a failure criteria. Design variables include shell diameter and ply orientations. The optimization is performed using the nonlinear programming method of feasible directions. A two-point exponential approximation is also used to reduce computational effort. Results are presented for Graphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy, and Kevlar/Epoxy composite cylindrical shells with symmetric ply arrangements.
Registration of S99‐2281 Soybean Germplasm Line with Resistance to Frogeye Leaf Spot and Three Nematode Species

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm line S99-2281 (Reg. No. GP-361, PI 654356) was developed at the University of Missouri-Delta Center and released by the University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. It is an F 4 plant selection composited in the F 5 generation from the cross of N90-516 × S92-1069. S99-2281 is a productive, early group V (relative maturity 5.2) soybean line with broad resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) HG types (races), southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood), and reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis (Linford and Oliveira)). It also carries the Rcs3 gene for resistance to all known races of frogeye leaf spot, caused by Cercospora sojina K. Hara. In combined analyses over 3 yr, S99-2281 yielded 3 and 7% more than 'Manokin' in southeast Missouri trials (15 tests) and in Uniform Group IVs Tests-Southern States (39 tests), respectively. It will be useful as an elite parent in soybean breeding programs to develop productive soybean cultivars with broad resistance to frogeye leaf spot and resistance to multiple nematode species.
Similarity in some properties of serum angiotensin converting enzyme from sarcoidosis patients and normal subjects.

Serum angiotensin converting enzyme from patients with sarcoidosis in whom it is elevated and normal subjects were similar with respect to several catalytic and physical properties. These properties included kinetics with the substrates hippuryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine (Km, 1.3 mm) and angiotensin I (Km, 42 μm) determined fluorimetrically, inhibition by CuSO4, o-phenanthroline, dithiothreitol, EDTA and CdSO4, activation by CoCl2, mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and elution in sephadex G-200 column gel filtration between lactate dehydrogenase and the void volume. Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme in sarcoidosis is very similar or identical to the normal circulating enzyme.
A respirometric method to measure mineralization of polymeric materials in a matured compost environment

A respirometric method was developed to measure the mineralization of polymeric materials in a matured compost environment. For the purpose of evaluating the method, results obtained for the mineralization of glucose and cellulose are presented. The matured compost, in addition to supplied nutrients, micronutrients, and an inoculum, serves as the matrix which supports the microbial activity. Recovery of the substrate carbon in the form of carbon dioxide from the glucose and cellulose added to test vessels was 68 and 70%, respectively. A statistical evaluation of the results obtained on substrate mineralization was carried out and showed acceptable reproducibility between replicate test vessels and test runs. The testing protocol developed has the following important characteristics: (1) the test reactors are maintained at 53 °C at a high solids loading (60% moisture), which has certain characteristics that are similar to a thermophilic compost environment; (2) the test matrix providing microbial activity is derived from readily available organic materials to facilitate reproducibility of the method in different laboratories; (3) the equipment required to perform this test is relatively inexpensive; and (4) the information obtained on polymer mineralization is vital to the study and development of biodegradable polymeric materials.
English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL): Improving English Language Acquisition for Preliterate and Nonliterate Adult African Refugees

Language barriers lead to unemployment, poverty, diminished health status, and social isolation. Since some African refugee populations are often not literate in their own language as well as English, they experience difficulty integrating into their new community. Structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with African refugees regarding the effectiveness of English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) programs. Several factors were identified as impeding the participant's success in the program: (a) lack of peer education; (b) short duration of classes; and (c) lack of consideration for native language illiteracy. Recommendations are offered to improve the effectiveness of ESOL programs for this target population.
Cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination of normal term neonates: a pilot study.

This pilot study's aim was to determine, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), if and to what extent asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurs in normal term neonates after uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. Eight normal, term, vaginally delivered infants and three cesarean-section deliveries used as controls underwent cranial MRI. No sedation was administered. Small subdural hematomas of the falx cerebri or tentorium cerebelli were found in half of those with an uneventful vaginal delivery. Pediatric follow-up, on average 3.9 years after the MRI study was performed, demonstrated normal growth and development. It appears that more data is needed to confirm the observation that the intracranial hemorrhages described should not be considered the etiology for neurologic abnormalities present in symptomatic neonates. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:708-710).
Rime-, mixed- and glaze-ice evaluations of three scaling laws

This report presents the results of tests at NASA Lewis to evaluate three icing scaling relationships or 'laws' for an unheated model. The laws were LWC x time = constant, one proposed by a Swedish-Russian group and one used at ONERA in France. Icing tests were performed in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) with cylinders ranging from 2.5- to 15.2-cm diameter. Reference conditions were chosen to provide rime, mixed and glaze ice. Scaled conditions were tested for several scenarios of size and velocity scaling, and the resulting ice shapes compared. For rime-ice conditions, all three of the scaling laws provided scaled ice shapes which closely matched reference ice shapes. For mixed ice and for glaze ice none of the scaling laws produced consistently good simulation of the reference ice shapes. Explanations for the observed results are proposed, and scaling issues requiring further study are identified.