cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of massive defects in the head and neck: The role of simultaneous distant and regional flaps

Background Massive defects resulting from excision of advanced head and neck tumors may not be amenable to reconstruction using a single technique of tissue transfer. Sixteen patients undergoing reconstruction using simultaneous free flaps and pedicled regional flaps are presented. Methods Regional flaps included the pectoralis major, deltopectoral, cervical visor, paramedian forehead, cervicofacial, and nape of neck flaps. Microvascular tissue transfers included the radial forearm, iliac crest, parascapular/latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, fibula, and lateral thigh free flaps. Results Most defects involved both aerodigestive mucosa and external cutaneous skin. Mucosal reconstruction was carried out using the soft-tissue component of the free flaps, whereas vascularized bone was used for mandibular reconstruction. Regional flaps were used to reconstruct skin of the face and neck. Conclusions When planned and applied in a stepwise fashion, simultaneous free flaps and regional flaps are complimentary for the reconstruction of complex wounds in the head and neck. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck19: 620–628, 1997.
Substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in trauma center patients receiving mandated alcohol screening and brief intervention

In an effort to integrate substance abuse treatment at trauma centers, the American College of Surgeons has mandated alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI). Few investigations have assessed trauma center inpatients for comorbidities that may impact the effectiveness of SBI that exclusively focuses on alcohol. Randomly selected SBI eligible acute care medical inpatients (N=878) were evaluated for alcohol, illegal drugs, and symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using electronic medical record, toxicology, and self-report assessments; 79% of all patients had one or more alcohol, illegal drug, or PTSD symptom comorbidity. Over 70% of patients receiving alcohol SBI (n=166) demonstrated one or more illegal drug or PTSD symptom comorbidity. A majority of trauma center inpatients have comorbidities that may impact the effectiveness of mandated alcohol SBI. Investigations that realistically capture, account for, and intervene upon these common comorbid presentations are required to inform the iterative development of college policy targeting integrated substance abuse treatment at trauma centers.
Farm size, irrigation practices, and on‐farm irrigation efficiency

Relationships between farm size, irrigation practices, and on-farm irrigation efficiency in the Elephant Butte Irrigation District, New Mexico, USA are explored using 2001 water delivery data supplied by the irrigation district. The study area is experiencing rapid population growth, development, and competition for existing water supplies. It is conventionally assumed that in the future water will be transferred from agriculture to other uses. Analysis of pecan orchard water delivery data, fieldwork, and interviews with irrigators found extremely long irrigation durations, inefficient irrigation practices, inadequate on-farm infrastructure, and lack of interest in making improvements to the current irrigation system or methods on the smallest farms. These findings are attributed to the nature of residential/lifestyle or retirement agriculture. Irrigation practices on large, commercial orchards are notably different from the smallest farms: irrigation event durations are shorter, less water is applied, and the producers are commercially oriented. With respect to future increases in the efficiency of irrigation water usage, large, commercially oriented producers already have a high level of physical efficiency. Small producers appear to view irrigation as a consumptive, recreational, social, or lifestyle activity, rather than an income-generating pursuit, thus the cost of inducing changes in their practices may be extremely high. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vapor transport growth of Ga2−xFexO3 crystals

Abstract Single crystals of Ga 2−x Fe x O 3 up to 6 mm. on edge were grown by chemical transport with HCl. Chlorine transported multi-phase products, while no transport occurred with either I 2 or HBr. Seeded crystal growth runs were successful, and the quality of the crystals appeared to be better than in unseeded runs.
Production of highly oxidized As on GaAs (110) at 20 K

High‐resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission results for O2 physisorbed on GaAs (110) show Ga‐O and As‐O formation that is a direct result of photon‐induced reaction at 20 K. Spatially resolved studies show that the thickness and chemical composition of the semiconductor oxides vary in proporition to total beam irradiation. The extent of reaction can be controlled by varying the amount of oxygen present on the surface, and As5+‐like bonding configurations can be formed. These results can only be understood when competition between thermodynamic, kinetic, photon‐ and electron‐mediated processes are considered.
Purulent pericarditis caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in a pediatric patient

We report the 1st case of purulent pericarditis due to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in an immunocompetent 2-year-old male, which was successfully treated with surgical drainage, debridement, and antimicrobial therapy. The shifting microbial epidemiology of this disease, associated with changes in community health care practices, and the increasing virulence of this organism are discussed.
Hot starts for track maintenance in multisensor multitarget tracking

Large classes of data association problems in multiple hypothesis tracking applications involving multiple and single sensor systems can be formulated as multidimensional assignment problems, which are then fundamental in both track initiation and maintenance. In particular, track maintenance uses an N-frame moving window over the scans of data from multiple sensors giving rise to the repeated solution of (N plus 1)-dimensional assignment problems. Due to the complexity of these NP-hard problems and the fact that one must solve these problems to the noise level in the problem, it is most advantageous to take advantage of a previously solved problem over a previous window. This work explores this issue in track maintenance.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of Cortisol on the Incorporation of Thymidine-2-l4C Into Nucleic Acids of Lymphatic Tissue from Adrenalectomized CBA Mice

CBA male mice 10-14 weeks of age were adrenalectomized and, 24 hr later, injected with various doses of cortisol acetate. Each dose, i.e., 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 750 μg of cortisol acetate, was injected into a group of 15 animals, and the carrier solution of carboxymethylcellulose was used to inject 15 controls. Six hr after cortisol administration, the mice were injected with 1 μc thymidine-2-14C and then weighed. Thirty min after thymidine administration, they were sacrificed, and their spleens, thymi and lymph nodes were removed and weighed. These lymphatic tissues were extracted for nucleic acids. Total amounts of DNA and RNA were measured with colorimetric procedures, and the amount of thymidine- 2-14C incorporation was measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. Decreases in organ weights occurred with increasing doses of cortisol acetate. In addition, DNA synthesis, measured as dpm/mg DNA, decreased significantly with increasing doses of cortisol acetate. The maximum decrease in dpm/mg DNA ...
Magnetic resonance imaging of dense and light non-aqueous phase liquid in a rock fracture

[1] Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to observe the flow of dense (FC-75) and light (dodecane) non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) through a water saturated dolomite fracture. Dynamic two-phase behavior was influenced by (1) buoyancy of the NAPL relative to the aqueous phase, (2) fracture aperture distribution, and (3) alteration of wettability by long-term presence of NAPL phase. MR imaging was capable of characterizing the fracture geometry and the fluid flow, but was limited by outlet flow conditions in the sample and acquisition times. This method permits observation of two-phase flow under natural wettability and matrix porosity, providing significant advantages over plastic or glass replicas.
Cloud connected smart grid enabled EVSE

Electric vehicles are getting lot of attention during the last few years around the world to deal with environmental concerns as well as to increase economic stability by reducing oil consumption. But this new technology can pose a threat to the utilities by adding extra demand on an electric grid. In this paper, we propose a methodology to interface the utility with electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). This system offers two-way real-time information and communication between EVSEs and utility through a cloud server. Using this technique, a utility would be more tightly coupled with the load being served providing benefit to both the utility and consumer such as advanced protection schemes and downward pressure on cost.
Youth Programs as Alternative Spaces to be: A Study of Neighborhood Youth Programs in Chicago's West Town

This article presents the findings of a year-long, qualitative study of a network of neighborhood youth programs in a low-income, Latino neighborhood in Chicago. It discusses the characteristics of...
A quality control pathway that down-regulates aberrant T-cell receptor (TCR) transcripts by a mechanism requiring UPF2 and translation.

Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is an RNA surveillance pathway that degrades mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTC). T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) transcripts, which are encoded by genes that very frequently acquire PTCs during lymphoid ontogeny, are down-regulated much more dramatically in response to PTCs than are other known transcripts. Another feature unique to TCR, Ig, and a subset of other mRNAs is that they are down-regulated in response to nonsense codons in the nuclear fraction of cells. This is paradoxical, as the only well recognized entity that recognizes nonsense codons is the cytoplasmic translation apparatus. Therefore, we investigated whether translation is responsible for this nuclear-associated mechanism. We found that the down-regulation of TCR-β transcripts in response to nonsense codons requires several features of translation, including an initiator ATG and the ability to scan. We also found that optimal down-regulation depends on a Kozak consensus sequence surrounding the initiator ATG and that it can be initiated by an internal ribosome entry site, neither of which has been demonstrated before for any other PTC-bearing mRNA. At least a portion of this down-regulatory response is mediated by the NMD pathway as antisense hUPF2 transcripts increased the levels of PTC-bearing TCR-β transcripts in the nuclear fraction of cells. We conclude that a hUPF2-dependent RNA surveillance pathway with translation-like features operating in the nuclear fraction of cells prevents the expression of potentially deleterious truncated proteins encoded by non-productively rearranged TCR genes.
Chromium picolinate increases membrane fluidity and rate of insulin internalization

The effects of chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate on insulin internalization in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells was examined. Insulin internalization was markedly increased in cells cultured in a medium that contained chromium picolinate and the increased internalization rate was accompanied by a marked increase in the uptake of both glucose and leucine. The effect was specific for chromium picolinate since neither zinc picolinate nor any of the other forms of chromium tested was effective. The increased insulin internalization rate may result from an increase in membrane fluidity since chromium picolinate and to a lesser extent, chromium nicotinate, increased the membrane fluidity of synthetic liposomal membranes.
Universality of the Fermi-Hellmann model

for all r > 0, where CI[ = (n/q(21+ I))’ and j?,= 1(1+ 1) + c for some positive constant c, constitutes a model for the density of an atom. p, may be interpreted as the radial density of the electrons having angular momentum square equal to 1(1+ 1 ), q is the number of spin states, i.e., q = 2 for electrons, Z is the nuclear charge, N is the total number of electrons bound by the nucleus, ,D is the chemical potential, and cp the electro-static potential of the charge density. Fermi [5 J obtained the above equations for q equal to the Thomas-Fermi potential constraining only the total particle number and choosing /3,= t*. Hellmann [7] rederived the above set of equations with PC= 1(f + 1) and certain constraints on JF p,(r) dr. See also Fenyes [4]. Later Gombas [6] chose p,=l(f+ l)+ $ whereas Sommerfeld [16] and Siedentop and Weikard [ 1 I] chose B, = (f + 4)‘. The latter choices avoid the unboundedness from below of the corresponding functional
Incorporation of structural CT and MR images in PET image reconstruction

A Bayesian method that incorporates a priori information derived from the spatially-correlated structural images in reconstruction of images acquired in positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed for the improvement of image quality. One source of a priori information that potentially can be very useful is the anatomic information extracted from the x-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. For example, anatomic structures outlined on the correlated CT or MR images can be incorporated in the Bayesian method to aid in identifying boundaries in PET images. This new approach can improve the quality of the reconstructed PET images.
Effects of Birth-Related Events on Central Blood Flow Patterns

We determined the effects of three components of the birth process on central blood flow patterns in fetal sheep. We instrumented 16 fetal sheep at 133.0 +/- 1.2 days gestation, inserting various intravascular catheters, intubating the trachea, and placing an inflatable balloon around the umbilical cord. After 2-3 days, we determined central blood flow patterns using radionuclide-labeled microspheres under control conditions, during positive pressure ventilation without oxygenation, during ventilation with 100% O2, and after umbilical cord occlusion. The foramen ovale right to left shunt was essentially abolished, decreasing from 102 +/- 48 to 66 +/- 40 ml/min/kg with ventilation, and to only 13 +/- 10 ml/min/kg with oxygenation. The ductus arteriosus right to left shunt decreased progressively, from a control level of 224 +/- 64 to 6 +/- 10 ml/min/kg after umbilical cord occlusion. A ductus arteriosus left to right shunt appeared with oxygenation (41 +/- 26 ml/min/kg) and increased to 65 +/- 43 ml/min/kg after cord occlusion. Left ventricular output increased progressively as a percentage of combined ventricular output (from a control value of 34.8 to 59.5% after cord occlusion), and increased absolutely with ventilation (from 134 +/- 44 to 211 +/- 87 ml/min/kg). However, right ventricular output decreased (from a control value of 258 +/- 75 to 144 +/- 36 ml/min/kg after cord occlusion) so that combined ventricular output did not change. Although the transition from the fetal to neonatal circulatory pattern was accomplished by simulating these three components of the birth process, none is alone responsible for the large increase in combined ventricular output normally seen at birth.
Investigation of the Applicability of Ion Exchange Resins as a Sustained Release Drug Delivery System Forpropranolol Hydrochloride

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the application of six strongly acidic cation exchange resins as a sustained release drug delivery system. Propranolol hydrochloride was chosen as the model drug to study the in vitro adsorption and desorption characteristics of the resins because of its chemical structure and pharmacokinetie properties which make it a good candidate for a sustained release formulation. The exchange rate constants and diffusion coefficients for the adsorption and desorption experiments were determined for each resin using the equations derived by Boyd, Adamson and Myers. Only one cation exchange resin showed potential as a sustained release drug delivery system for propranolol hydrochloride.
Secondary causes of osteoporosis.

ABSTRACT Objective To provide an updated review of several causes of secondary osteoporosis as well as screening recommendations for these disorders. Methods We conducted an updated review of the literature published since 2006 on secondary causes of osteoporosis. This information has been added to the relevant data published between 1990 and 2006, which was included in our prior review from 2006. This current review also includes recent clinical guidelines recommendations. Results Secondary osteoporosis occurs in almost two thirds of men, more than half of premenopausal women, and about 30% of postmenopausal women. Its causes are vast, and they include hypogonadism, medications, hyperthyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, primary hyperparathyroidism, solid organ transplantation, gastrointestinal diseases, hematologic diseases, Cushing's syndrome, and idiopathic hypercalciuria. These causes have their own pathogenesis, epidemiologic features, and effects on the skeleton. Conclusion The causes of secondary osteoporosis are numerous, and an understanding of their characteristics with respect to bone density and potential fracture risk is essential in the management of osteoporosis. A heightened awareness of the possibility of their existence is necessary to provide optimal care. (Endocr Pract. 2013;19:120-128)
Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data

Airborne measurements of reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation were combined with ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and vapor pressure to calculate instantaneous evaporation (LE) rates using a form of the Penman equation. Estimates of evaporation over cotton, wheat, and alfalfa fields were obtained on 5 days during a one-year period. A Bowen ratio apparatus, employed simultaneously, provided ground-based measurements of evaporation. Comparison of the airborne and ground techniques showed good agreement, with the greatest difference being about 12% for the instantaneous values. Estimates of daily (24 h) evaporation were made from the instantaneous data. On three of the five days, the difference between the two techniques was less than 8%, with the greatest difference being 25%. The results demonstrate that airborne remote sensing techniques can be used to obtain spatially distributed values of evaporation over agricultural fields.
Urinary calculi in Iran: hospital experience over a 3 year period with special reference to bladder stones in children.

Abstract Data obtained from different regions in Iran show that urinary calculi form an extraordinarily common problem in this region as compared to the western countries. The fact that the affection was more common in Europe when living standards were lower as well as additional findings in this study suggest that malnutrition is at least one important factor in the pathogenesis of bladder stones in children.
Influence of antimisting polymer on aviation fuel breakup

Experiments have been performed to determine the influence of a moving airstream on jet and drop breakup of fuel containing small concentrations of antimisting polymers. This study was motivated by the needs to inhibit the ignition of fuel during a survivable aircraft crash landing. High speed motion pictures of initial deformation rates and instant pictures of initial deformation rates and instant pictures of the drop breakup suggest that the enormous resistance to the sudden deformation of fuel containing antimisting polymer is related to the development of high tensile viscosity, even though the shear viscosity is not markedly affected. Study of a pendant drop fiber was undertaken to determine this tensile viscosity of antimisting fuel as a function of temperature and of polymer concentration.
Impacts of fire suppression on space use by Mexican fox squirrels

Human suppression of fire has resulted in altered species composition and dense forest stands across the western United States. Accumulation of understory shrubs makes forests vulnerable to catastrophic fire and can impact animal use, whereas fire prescription can ameliorate negative impacts of suppression. We used radiotelemetry to determine patterns of habitat use and survival of Mexican fox squirrels (Sciurus nayaritensis chiricahuae) in fire-suppressed and fire-prescribed areas of the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Core areas of squirrels within fire-suppressed areas were larger and contained more understory shrubs than core areas of squirrels in fire-prescribed areas. Shrub cover and canopy heterogeneity influenced core-area size and distance traveled, and squirrels that were depredated traveled farther than conspecifics that survived, but shrub cover and canopy heterogeneity were not directly associated with squirrel survival. Suppression-induced increases in understory vegetation might force squirrels to travel greater distances to meet energetic requirements and thereby increase predation risk. Retention of mature forested canyons and restoration of natural fire regimes will be important for the persistence of Mexican fox squirrels.
A Novel Adaptive Basal Therapy Based on the Value and Rate of Change of Blood Glucose

Background: Modern insulin pump therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus offers the freedom to program several basal profiles that may accommodate diurnal variability in insulin sensitivity and activity level. However, these basal profiles do not change even if a pending hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic event is foreseen. New insulin pumps could receive a direct feed of glucose values from a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and could enable dynamic basal adaptation to improve glycemic control. Method: The proposed method is a two-step procedure. After the design of an initial basal profile, an adaptation of the basal rate is suggested as a gain multiplier based on the current CGM glucose value and its rate of change (ROC). Taking the glucose value and its ROC as axes, a two-dimensional plane is divided into a nine-zone mosaic, where each zone is given a predefined basal multiplier; for example, a basal multiplier of zero indicates a recommendation to shut off the pump. Results: The proposed therapy was evaluated on 20 in silico subjects (ten adults and ten adolescents) in the Food and Drug Administration-approved UVa/Padova simulator. Compared with conventional basal therapy, the proposed basal adjustment improved the percentage of glucose levels that stayed in the range of 60–180 mg/ dl for all 20 subjects. In addition, the adaptive basal therapy reduced the average blood glucose index values. Conclusions:
High-performance micro scale thermoelectric cooler: An optimized 6-stage cooler

We report the design, fabrication and testing of an optimized 6-stage planar thermoelectric (TE) micro cooler producing a ΔT = 22.3 °C at a power consumption of 26 mW, the best performance reported to date for a thermoelectric microcooler. This microcooler has a compact chip-scale design, and utilizes Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 thermoelectric thin films deposited on thermally isolating silicon oxide bridges [1]. The fabricated cooler incorporates a total of 126 thermocouples across 6-stages within a volume of 5×5×1 mm3.
Factors affecting children's oral health: perceptions among Latino parents.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand factors that influence the oral health-related behaviors of Latino children, as reported by their parents. Methods: Focus groups and in-depth interviews assessed parental perceptions, experiences, attributions, and beliefs regarding their children's oral health. Guiding questions focused on a) the participant's child dental experiences; b) the impact of dental problems on the child's daily activities, emotions, self-esteem; c) parental experiences coping with child's dental problems; and d) hygienic and dietary habits. Participants were purposively sampled from dental clinics and public schools with a high concentration of Latinos; 92 urban low-income Latino Spanish-speaking parents participated. Transcriptions of the audio files were thematically analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results: Parents' explanations of their children's dental experiences were categorized under the following themes: caries and diet, access to dental care, migration experiences, and routines. Conclusions: Findings revealed fundamental multilevel (i.e., individual/child, family, and community) factors that are important to consider for future interventions to reduce oral health disparities: behaviors leading to caries, parental knowledge about optimal oral health, access to sugary foods within the living environment and to fluoridated water as well as barriers to oral health care such as lack of health insurance or limited health insurance coverage, among others.
Context-based methods for track association

Target tracking systems use sensor information to estimate and predict current and future locations of target objects. An important question in target tracking is how much improvement in accuracy can come from using contextual information. Context information is often sparse and uncertain sensor information that decreases the accuracy of tracklet association. Context information, such as radio communicated heading and velocity may improve knowledge about future target locations or maneuvers. This investigation evaluates statistical methods for measuring the association between a radar track report and a contextual report from another sensor, in a Monte Carlo simulation. The performance of chi-squared statistics (such as the 'Mahalanobis Distance'), distributional distance (or 'Integrated Product'), and data imputation is measured in terms of association accuracy and speed.
A convergence result for multiagent systems subject to noise

We present conditions under which a general class of multiagent systems subject to noise can reach agreement in expected value with probability one. The noise can be induced by the fact that each agent takes erroneous measurements of neighbors' positions. The class of systems considered may be nonlinear and requires that the diameter of the agents be bounded for all possible error measurements. The convergence result is related to previous work on the robustness of the rendezvous algorithm and the stability of multiagent systems with periodic connectivity. We illustrate the results in terms of a modified discrete-time Kuramoto system, which is amended to guarantee the system requirements.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SELECTED RODENT SPECIES FROM COLORADO TO BORRELIA BURGDORFERI

To determine the susceptibility of some common Colorado (USA) rodent species to Borrelia burgdorferi, pregnant Peromyscus maniculatus, Tamias minimus, and Spermophilus lateralis were trapped in May 1990 and kept in quarantine until their young were old enough to be used in the experiment. Six to eight 8-wk-old individuals of each of the Colorado species and, for comparison, eight laboratory raised P. leucopus were subcutaneously inoculated with ≥105 spirochetes in 0.1 ml in July 1990. Tissue specimens were collected for isolation from these animals through April 1991. Spirochetes were isolated from blood, ear, bladder, kidney, spleen, liver, and eye in Barbour-Stoener-Kelly (BSK) medium from P. maniculatus, P leucopus and T. minimus. Spirochetes were isolated from at least one tissue from all of these animals and no isolations were obtained from any of the S. lateralis. Thus, three of the four rodent species tested are susceptible to, and could harbor, B. burgdorferi.
Optimizing Fishing Quotas to Meet Target Fishing Fractions of an Internationally Exploited Stock of Pacific Sardine

AbstractTwo stocks of Pacific Sardine Sardinops sagax migrate seasonally and synchronously along the west coasts of Mexico, the USA, and Canada. Landings from the two stocks are currently combined in U.S. assessments of the northern stock, but the stocks may be differentiated by their associated seawater habitats, which are predominantly characterized by different ranges of sea surface temperature. We compared the combined and temperature-differentiated landings of the two stocks in each country for the period 1993–2011, demonstrating how different attributions of the landings affected the estimated annual fishing fraction (F) for the northern stock. Using combined or stock-differentiated landings and assessed biomasses, we found that the current harvest control rule (HCR) for Pacific Sardine has not consistently maintained a total F below the U.S. target value because the “distribution” parameter (used to account for the northern stock's proportion in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone [EEZ]), has not adeq...
Ultrastructure of meiosis in Dasya baillouviana (Rhodophyta). I: Prophase I

This first of two papers on ultrastructural observations of meiosis in the red alga Dasya baillouviana (Gmelin) Montague describes stages of prophase I of meiosis. Although the five stages of prophase were originally derived from light microscopic studies, the same stages were utilized for this study based on the developmental sequence of the synaptonemal complex, which has the same morphology and mode of development as those reported for other red algae. The cytoplasm in early prophase sporocytes was typically less electron dense than either vegetative cells or sporocytes in later stages of meiosis. The reduction in density suggests clearing of ribosomes and other cytoplasmic components prior to conversion from sporophyte to gametophyte control. Leptotene cells often had an amorphous, chromatin-free area, function unknown, which was not obviously associated with any specific nuclear region. Diplotene cells were characterized by nuclei containing prominent ring-shaped nucleoli composed of a dark staining ring of material surrounding an electron-translucent “vacuole.” Packets of electron-dense, fibrillar material were often noted in the cytoplasm of late prophase cells. These packets are thought to he “nuage,” a term applied to large cytoplasmic aggregations of RNA in germ cells of several other phyla. It is suggested that nuage may represent a new infusion of ribosomal and messenger RNA for post-meiotic development. The division pales are established by late prophase and a single polar ring is found within each large “exclusion zone” in close association with a pore-free area of nuclear envelope. Both annulate lamellae and small, numerous vesicles are located in the exclusion zones. The significance of the various aspects of prophase I is discussed with the overall observation that this phase of meiosis in red algae is very similar to the process in higher plant and animal cells.
ACAM, a novel member of the neural IgCAM family, mediates anterior neural tube closure in a primitive chordate

The neural IgCAM family of cell adhesion molecules, which includes NCAM and related molecules, has evolved via gene duplication and alternative splicing to allow for a wide range of isoforms with distinct functions and homophilic binding properties. A search for neural IgCAMs in ascidians (Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi, and Phallusia mammillata) has identified a novel set of truncated family members that, unlike the known members, lack fibronectin III domains and consist of only repeated Ig domains. Within the tunicates this form appears to be unique to the ascidians, and it was designated ACAM, for Ascidian Cell Adhesion Molecule. In C. intestinalis ACAM is expressed in the developing neural plate and neural tube, with strongest expression in the anterior sensory vesicle precursor. Unlike the two other conventional neural IgCAMs in C. intestinalis, which are expressed maternally and throughout the morula and blastula stages, ACAM expression initiates at the gastrula stage. Moreover, C. intestinalis ACAM is a target of the homeodomain transcription factor OTX, which plays an essential role in the development of the anterior central nervous system. Morpholino (MO) knockdown shows that ACAM is required for neural tube closure. In MO-injected embryos neural tube closure was normal caudally, but the anterior neuropore remained open. A similar phenotype was seen with overexpression of a secreted version of ACAM. The presence of ACAM in ascidians highlights the diversity of this gene family in morphogenesis and neurodevelopment.
Resonant transmission near nonrobust periodic slab modes.

We present a precise theoretical explanation and prediction of certain resonant peaks and dips in the electromagnetic transmission coefficient of periodically structured slabs in the presence of nonrobust guided slab modes. We also derive the leading asymptotic behavior of the related phenomenon of resonant enhancement near the guided mode. The theory applies to structures in which losses are negligible and to very general geometries of the unit cell. It is based on boundary-integral representations of the electromagnetic fields. These depend on the frequency and on the Bloch wave vector and provide a complex-analytic connection in these parameters between generalized scattering states and guided slab modes. The perturbation of three coincident zeros—those of the dispersion relation for slab modes, the reflection constant, and the transmission constant—is central to calculating transmission anomalies both for lossless dielectric materials and for perfect metals.
Trophoblast Stem Cells: Models for Investigating Trophectoderm Differentiation and Placental Development

The placenta is an ephemeral organ containing diverse populations of trophoblasts that are all derived from the embryonic trophectoderm but have morphological, functional, and molecular diversity within and across species. In hemochorial placentation, these cells play especially important roles, interfacing with and modifying the cells of the maternal decidua. Within the rapidly growing placenta, it has been shown that there are trophoblast stem cells well characterized in the mouse and postulated but not well understood in primates. This review will discuss the characteristics of candidates for human and nonhuman primate trophoblast stem cells, present the diverse methods of their generation, and propose future prospects for experimental systems in which they can shed light on developmental and pathophysiological processes in human pregnancy.
Does age affect outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

We examined the relation between age and outcomes in patients treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Seattle, Wash. Considering all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests treated by paramedics over a recent 5-year period, 386 (27%) of 1405 consecutive patients aged 70 years or older were resuscitated and admitted to a hospital vs 474 (29%) of 1624 younger patients; 140 elderly patients (10%) were discharged alive vs 223 younger patients (14%). Of the 140 elderly patients, 112 went home and 28 went to a nursing home. Considering only patients whose initial rhythms were ventricular fibrillation, the percent of patients discharged alive was substantially higher: 120 (24%) of 493 for elderly patients and 194 (30%) of 639 for younger patients. Elderly patients can benefit from attempted resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. (JAMA. 1990;264:2109-2110)
Which electronic health record is better: A or B? Realities of comparing the effectiveness of electronic health records

Author for correspondence:University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics, TX, USAdescribed herein and must be accounted for and University of Texas – Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality & Safety, 6410 Fannin St. UTPB 1100.43, Houston, TX 77030, USA[3]Dean.F.Sittig@uth.tmc.edu
Brentuximab vedotin for Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a review of clinical experience and future directions

SUMMARY Brentuximab vedotin is a novel agent indicated for the treatment of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody–drug conjugate consisting of chimeric anti-CD30 antibody cAC10, linked to four molecules of monomethylauristatin E, a tubulin destabilizer. It was granted US FDA approval in 2011 following two pivotal Phase II studies showing objective responses of 75 and 86% in heavily pretreated relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, respectively. Brentuximab vedotin can be used as a bridge to more definitive stem cell transplant. There are currently over 30 open clinical studies involving the use of brentuximab vedotin used as single agent or combined with chemotherapy in both front-line and salvage settings. These studies include use in other CD30-positive B- and T-cell lymphomas, as well as in CD30-positive germ cell tumors. In clinical practice brentuximab vedotin has been ass...
Interactions of Nonaqueous Solvents with Textile Fibers: Part IX: Thermal Stability of Solvent-Induced Modifications in Polyester Fiber Structure

The thermal stability of heat- and dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced structural modifications in polyester yarns has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and other techniques....
Fuzzy Multiple Objective Decision Making

In the previous chapter, we have discussed a variety of computationally efficient approaches for solving crisp multiple objective decision making problems. However, the input data, such as the unit profit/cost, goals, available resources and/or technological coefficients, may not be precisely determined because of incomplete or non-obtainable information. For instance, the unit profit and cost (C) of new products may be expected to be “near $2.3” and “above $7.5.” Available labor hours and available material (b) may be “around 1220” hours and “about 1550” units, respectively, and the estimates of technological coefficients (A) may be “around 3” units per labor hour. In this chapter, we use preference-based membership functions, μ(·), to resolve this fuzzy nature and obtain fuzzy multiple objective decision making problems (FMODM). FMODM problems are then transferred into crisp auxiliary MODM problems which can be solved by techniques discussed in Chapter 2 or by any prevailing MODM methodologies. If the imprecise nature of input data is modelled by possibility distributions, π(·), of possibility theory, then we would have possibilistic multiple objective decision making (PMODM) problems, which will be discussed in the following chapter.
YIELD STABILITY OF NEW HYBRID RICE ACROSS LOCATIONS

The adaptation of hybrid rice varieties mostly are in specific location and season, but there are some of the varieties have a wide adaptation then adopted by the farmer in the large area. Replicated yield trials were conducted to study the stability of hybrid rice yield and identify the best location to optimize their yield per ha. We have conducted the trials in three location such as Sukamandi, Salatiga and Malang during two seasons in 2011. We are analyzing data across location and season using AMMI and Eberhart Russel methods. The AMMI analysis showed that the IR79156A/PK88 was adaptable to favorable environments but unstable. This hybrid is always performing well and produce the higher yield compare to check variety. Some of other hybrids were good only in specific location, i.e. IR62829A/BP2280-1E-12-22 and IR58029A/BP2 280-1E-12-22. Those hybrids produced higher yield in Salatiga and Malang, respectively. Seem to AMMI analysis, the result of Eberhart and Russells method also showed that IR79156A/PK81 was the best hybrid with regression slope (b) around 1 with the yield average higher than average of all hybrids. It indicated that this hybrid has a wide adaptation and probably can be cultivated in the wider ecosystem.
The Chemistry and Physics of Polythiazyl, (SN) x , and the Polythiazyl Halides

The chemistry and physics of (SN)X and its halogen derivatives are reviewed and a model consistent with present electronic and structural data is presented for (SNBr0.4)x involving polythiazyl cationic chains with Br3 ions and bromine inserted between them.
Contribution of Heat Pipe to the Energy Conservation of Data Center and Cloud Computers

With the current increase of the electrical power consumption of the data center imposed a great concern in the world about sustainable energy and global warming and it is therefore required innovative ideas to conserve the energy consumption. Authors propose the use of heat pipe which is a best known passive heat transfer device that is well suitable apply for energy saving system in the current data center cooling system. In this paper, a design and economics of the novel type of thermal control system for data center cooling using heat pipe based cold energy storage system has been proposed and discussed. The cold water storage system is explained and sized for data center with heat output capacity of 8,800 kW. Basically, the cold energy storage will help to downsize the chiller and decrease its runtime that will save electricity related cost and decrease green house gases emissions resulting from the electricity generation. The proposed cold energy storage system can be retrofit or connected in the existing data center facilities without major design changes. Water based cold energy storage system provides more compact size with short term storage (hours to days) and is potential for both small to large size data center with yearly average temperature below the cold storage water temperature (∼ 25 °C). The cold water storage system is sized on the basis of metrological conditions in North America, USA. As an outcome of the thermal and cost analysis, an optimum size of cold energy storage system should be designed to handle 60% of the yearly data center load. The proposed system can be easily integrated into the existing conventional systems without any significant infrastructure changes. Preliminary results obtained from the experimental system design to test the ice formation potential of the heat pipe based cold energy storage system has been shown good result and validated the proposed concept.© 2011 ASME
Myc/p53 interactions in transgenic mouse mammary development, tumorigenesis and chromosomal instability

We have examined defects in mammary development and tumorigenesis in a transgenic model expressing the c-myc gene under the MMTV-LTR promoter. The stochastic tumors which arise from hyperplastic ductal and lobular lesions in this model are characterized by high rates both of apoptosis and of chromosomal instability. Since the p53 gene product is thought to be central in the maintenance of genomic integrity, in part due to its ability to induce apoptosis in cells harboring DNA damage, we examined its expression and possible mutation. Initially, we observed that unmutated p53 is strongly expressed in premalignant mammary glands and in mammary tumors derived from the MMTV-c-myc strain. We then mated the MMTV-myc strain to a p53-deficient strain as a means of examining the effect of this lesion on mammary development and tumorigenesis in the context of c-myc overexpression. A lack of both p53 alleles in the presence of c-myc overexpression resulted in a dramatic hyerplastic alteration in mammary gland development. Specifically, in female bitransgenic MMTV-c-myc/p53 null mice (MMTV-myc/p53(-/-)), lobular hyperplasias were observed at almost every ductal end bud as early as 32 days of age. In contrast, only mild ductal and lobular hyperplasias were seen in MMTV-myc mice that contained both p53 alleles (MMTV-myc/p53(+/+)); an intermediate phenotype occurred in mice with a single intact (MMTV-myc/p53(+/-)) p53 allele. Mammary carcinomas arose with a high frequency in MMTV-myc/p53(+/-) mice; the tumors were comparable in frequency, histology and apoptotic index to the tumors in MMTV-myc/p53(+/+) mice. Also, as previously observed (Elson et al., 1995), lymphomas arose with extremely short latency in MMTV-myc/p53(-/-) mice, precluding study of the fate of their hyperplastic mammary lesions in situ. The frequency of p53 mutations in MMTV-myc/p53(+/+) and MMTV-myc/p53(+/-) mammary tumors and in cell lines derived from these tumors was examined by direct sequencing. No point mutations or deletions in p53 were observed in mammary tumors or cell lines from either genotype. Finally, a detailed chromosomal analysis using multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) revealed that there were multiple chromosomal alterations in the c-myc-overexpressing cells that contained either one or two unmutated p53 alleles. Variable ploidy changes, a common translocation of chromosome 11, and other chromosomal aberrations were observed. Our data thus support an interaction between c-Myc and p53 in mammary development, but suggest that loss of p53 is required neither for c-myc-dependent tumorigenesis nor for c-myc-dependent chromosomal instability.
Early rethrombosis of clotted hemodialysis grafts: graft salvage achieved with an aggressive approach.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of repeated pulsedspray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for salvage of early rethrombosis of hemodialysis grafts and to identify factors that predict successful outcome.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-four patients with initial successful thrombolysis were referred for repeated thrombolysis because of early rethrombosis. Repeated thrombolysis occurred within 1 month of initial thrombolysis. Technical success and patency rates were calculated. Causes of graft thrombosis and procedural modifications were analyzed.RESULTS. The 39 rethrombosed grafts were successfully treated using pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, and patients underwent subsequent hemodialysis. The underlying flow-limiting stenoses were treated with balloon angioplasty using a larger balloon (41%), a same-size angioplasty balloon (18%), stent placement (15%), or increased anticoagulation (5%). A new stenosis location was discovered in 18%. Mean primary patency was 80.9 days (2.6 mo...
Oita International Electrocardiology Symposium 2000 “Electrophysiology and Management of Lethal Arrhythmias in the New Millennium: From Genes to Bedside”

QT interval dispersion has been used to estimate ventricular repolarization inhomogeneities. We induced regional lengthening and shortening of ventricular repolarization in the in-situ of porcine heart. Repolarization inhomogeneities were determined by monitoring dispersion in activation recovery intervals from epicardial electrograms. QT dispersion was determined from these electrograms and from unipolar electrograms recorded from the anterior chest wall. Regional hypothermia lengthened activation recovery intervals and increased their dispersion. It increased epicardial QT dispersion, but not body surface QT dispersion. Regional hyperthermia and pinacidil/ischemia shortened ARIs and increased ARI but not QT dispersion. Thus, in our experience, an increase in repolarization in inhomogeneity was not reflected by changes in QT dispersion on the body surface.
A Novel Photovoltaic Grid-connected Control Method Based on DSP and FPGA

A new control method is proposed suitablely for photovoltaic grid-connected system based on digital signal processor(DSP) and filed programmable gate array(FPGA) and the corresponding controller are designed.DSP is responsible for the voltage loop control and maximum power point tracking(MPPT) control.FPGA is responsible for inner current control with voltage feed-forward and sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM) driven algorithm.DSP communicates with FPGA through the SPI bus.The design of the control structure is modular,stable and reliable,and achieves the independent control of three-phase current.Finally,it is proved by simulation,and is actually applied into a 500 kW photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.The results show that the grid-connected operating performance is good.