cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating Hands-on Cybersecurity Exercises into the Curriculum in 2018: (Abstract Only)

We need to greatly expand the community of faculty teaching cybersecurity using hands-on exercises. The number of security-focused competitions and exercises has increased in recent years so that faculty need to choose those that can best be integrated into their courses. As a community, we can contribute to each other/s projects. We would like to bring together both new and experienced faculty to build community. Our Facebook group (https://www.facebook.com/groups/TeachingCyber/) allows us to work together outside of SIGCSE events, and we are developing a critical mass of users. In the BoF, participants can sign up for the closed group. Participants will discuss answers to specific questions on teaching security. One goal of our BoF is to provide support for new members to learn about resources and get help. These resources include exercises, webinars, and slides. We will share experiences, practices and ongoing efforts, including our own (e.g. Security Injections, the Security Knitting Kit project, and EDURange). The BoF also benefits experienced members, helping them to disseminate their work and reach other faculty with similar interests. As a community we have begun to share exercises and discuss what works and what problems students and instructors have encountered. We will discuss ways to integrate security-related exercises into existing courses. The questions we will ask are, What materials and exercises have you tried? What are your experiences? How do we expand and improve cybersecurity education?
Surface morphology control of Nb thin films by biased target ion beam deposition

One of the many challenges for niobium (Nb) based superconducting devices is the concurrent improvement over the surface morphology without undermining superconducting properties. In this work, the authors demonstrated the modification to the surface morphology of 10–100 nm Nb thin films deposited by bias target ion beam deposition (BTIBD). Target current (IT) and target bias (VT) were the main parameters explored and were found to be critical to the control over crystallinity and surface morphology of Nb films. The optimized growth conditions yielded a ∼50 nm thick Nb film with the root-mean-square roughness of 0.4 nm, which was an order of magnitude smoother than that of Nb films by sputtering process. The critical temperature for superconductivity was close to the value of the bulk Nb (∼9.3 K) with a very homogeneous transition (the superconducting transition width ΔTc of 0.1 K). The quality of Nb film was evident in the presence of a very thin proximity layer (∼0.75 nm). The experimental results demonstrated that the preparation of smooth Nb films with expected superconductivity by BTIBD could serve as a base electrode for the in situ magnetic layer or insulating layer for superconducting electronic devices.
Shorebirds as Marine Animals

Marine biologists usually consider marine animals to include those organisms that live in the seas, bays, and estuaries. Traditionally, they have studied marine mammals (such as seals, dolphins, porpoises, whales), marine fishes, and a myriad of invertebrates whose entire life cycles are normally restricted to salt water habitats. Even within the traditionally defined marine fauna, some organisms such as sea lions spend a considerable portion of their breeding season on land, although they are usually restricted to offshore or coastal islands free from terrestrial predators.
Rodlike Superstructures in and Mechanical Properties of Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate Film

Semicrystalline polymers contain anisotropic crystal lamellae. Commonly, the orientations of lamellae are correlated within certain regions, giving superstructures, e.g., spherulites or rods. As a consequence of crystallization and superstructure formation, some of the amorphous material is under stress, thus being oriented. The response of such a complex material to surface tractions depends strongly on the orientation distribution and the physical characteristics of the lamellae; these factors affect the stress state, and hence the resulting deformation, on a microscale throughout the specimen.
Application of Blood Typing and Protein Tests in Horses

Studies of blood groups in horses were begun in this laboratory in 1958. They were initiated, in part, with the purpose of developing tests which might be used in the solution of problems of questionable parentage arising in the registration and breeding of horses.
Using trunk posture to monitor heat strain at work

This study aimed to determine if trunk posture during walking is related to increases in rectal temperature (Tre). 24 males treadmill walked in one of four conditions (1): 30 min at 3.0 mph and 0% grade, 20 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH), wearing healthcare worker (HCW) PPE; (2): 30 min at 3.0 mph and 0% grade, 27.5 °C and 60% RH, HCW PPE; (3): 30 min at 3.0 mph and 0% grade, 32.5 °C and 70% RH, HCW PPE; and (4): 40 min at 40% VO2max, 30 °C and 70% RH, wearing firefighter PPE. Trunk posture (Zephyr BioHarness 3) and Tre were measured continuously. Tre was positively related to trunk posture, controlling for covariates (B = 3.49, p < .001). BMI and age moderated this relationship (Tre×age, B = 0.76, p < .001; Tre*BMI, B = -1.85, p < .001). Trunk posture measurement may be useful in monitoring fall potential and magnitude of heat stress of workers in hot environments. Practitioner Summary: Occupational hyperthermia increases worker risk for heat illness and injury but is difficult to monitor in the field. This investigation shows that trunk posture is independently and positively related to core temperature. Non-invasive measurement or visual inspection of trunk posture could provide novel insight on individual heat strain level.
Influence of corticosterone on growth, home-cage activity, wheel running, and aerobic capacity in house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior.

Abstract Glucocorticoids, a class of metabolic hormones, impact a wide range of traits (e.g., behavior, skeletal growth, muscle maintenance, glucose metabolism), and variation in concentrations of circulating glucocorticoids (such as corticosterone), at the level of natural individual variation, in relation to endocrine disorders, or from exogenous supplementation, have manifold effects. Changes in circulating corticosterone concentrations can also impact multiple aspects of locomotor behavior, including both motivation and physical ability for exercise. To examine further the role of corticosterone in locomotor behavior and associated traits, we utilized laboratory house mice from a long-term experiment that selectively breeds for high levels of voluntary exercise. As compared with four non-selected control (C) lines, mice from the four replicate High Runner (HR) lines have ~2-fold higher baseline circulating corticosterone concentrations as well as ~3-fold higher voluntary wheel running on a daily basis, higher home-cage activity when deprived of wheels, higher maximal aerobic capacity, and smaller body size; potentially, all of these differences could be modulated by circulating corticosterone. We administered 50 μg/mL corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate in the drinking water of both HR and C male mice from weaning through ~8 weeks of age. As compared with mice from C lines, HR mice had higher endogenous corticosterone levels; higher daily wheel-running distance, duration, and speed; higher maximal oxygen consumption during forced exercise (VO2max); spent more time in the closed arms of an elevated plus maze; and had larger reproductive fat pads. For both HR and C mice, corticosterone treatment strongly suppressed endogenous circulating corticosterone levels, decreased growth rate and adult body mass, increased food and water consumption (both adjusted for body mass), increased entries into closed arms of an elevated plus maze, decreased home-cage activity (total and average intensity), decreased wheel-running distance and maximum speed, and decreased VO2max. At the suborganismal level, corticosterone treatment decreased relative adrenal, liver, and triceps surae muscle mass, as well as tail length, but increased both subdermal and reproductive fat pad masses, as well as hematocrit. Overall, the responses of both HR and C mice to corticosterone supplementation were “negative” from a health perspective. These results have significant implications for understanding both the evolution of baseline corticosterone levels and stress-related effects on activity levels. They also suggest that patients experiencing extended periods of glucocorticoid treatment might benefit from attempts to increase their physical activity as an adjuvant.
Tampa Tarot: An Experiment in Community Storytelling

Tampa Tarot combines web-based interactive storytelling and an Augmented Reality (AR) feature that displays virtual tarot cards on users’ smart phones in specific geographical locations throughout the city. The project attempts to answer the following question: In a world of diffuse and fragmented media, where old places and stories are displaced and obscured by layers of disconnected images and a growing, changing population, how do we understand who we are as a community? Emphasizing the intrinsically social and historical character of the tarot, the project employs the narrative structure of cartomancy (card reading) as a form of community storytelling.
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

1. Jeanna Auriemma, MD* 2. Nicholas M. Potisek, MD* 1. *Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Pediatricians may discover a click or a clunk when performing a physical examination of the neonatal hip. Assessment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a routine part of the neonatal examination because failure to detect neonatal hip instability or to respond appropriately to an abnormal examination may result in long-term disability for the child. Developmental dysplasia of the hip covers a wide range of diseases related to abnormal development of the acetabulum and femoral head. The primary cause of DDH is improper fetal or postnatal positioning, which limits contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum, hindering proper growth. The resulting spectrum of disease extends from subtle abnormalities detected only on imaging through more severe manifestations such as dislocated hips that are unstable at rest. With the lack of a standardized definition and the uncertain clinical relevance of particular imaging findings, the true incidence of DDH remains unclear. The incidence of DDH with dislocation is approximated to be 1 in every 1,000 live births; however, this likely represents an underestimate considering the full range of congenital hip disease. If mild dysplasia without dislocation is included, the overall incidence is approximately 1% of newborns; and when including any abnormality detected by screening ultrasonography, the incidence increases to 5% to 7%. Factors that increase the risk of DDH include female sex, breech presentation, DDH in a first-degree relative, and improper swaddling methods. It occurs in females up to 4 times more often than in males. Breech presentation is reported in 17% to 23% of cases. Frank breech presentation confers the highest risk and occurs when the fetal hips are in …
An Ultra-Dense 2FeFET TCAM Design Based on a Multi-Domain FeFET Model

Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) represent a form of logic-in-memory and are currently widely used in routers, caches, and efficient machine learning models. From a technology prospective, researchers have begun to consider various non-volatile (NV) memory technologies to design NV TCAMs that may offer improvements with respect to figures of merit, such as energy and delay when compared to conventional CMOS designs. Among these devices, ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) stand out due to their high $ {I}_{\text {ON}}/{I}_{\text {OFF}}$ ratio, efficient voltage-driven write mechanism, low-cost, and CMOS-compatible fabrication process. We propose a 2FeFET TCAM design based on a state-of-the-art, experimentally calibrated FeFET model. We evaluate and compare our design with other TCAMs at the cell and array levels. Our results suggest that a 2FeFET TCAM requires $3.5{\times }/3200 {\times }$ less write energy than CMOS/resistive random access memory (ReRAM) TCAMs, respectively. The cell area is 13% of that of a CMOS TCAM, and is on par with ReRAM designs. The search energy-delay-product of a 2FeFET TCAM is also $4.1 {\times }/2.8 {\times }$ less than CMOS/ReRAM TCAMs, respectively.
Astronomical Activity in the ‘House of the āšipu s’ in Uruk

Among the large number of tablets containing scholarly texts that have been recovered from the so-called ‘house of the āsipus’ in Uruk are forty astronomical or astrological tablets. This chapter presents an analysis of this corpus of tablets and tries to establish their role within the scholarly archives of the two different families of āsipus who resided in this house during its two phases of occupation. It also considers whether they provide evidence of ongoing astronomical activity by the scholars who lived in the house and, if so, what that activity entailed.
Public Employee Accountability: Development of a Five-Dimensional Scale

Employee accountability is a phenomenon of central importance to public administration. The volume of empirical research, however, has been modest given the absence of valid measures. This article ...
Development of a Gold Nanoparticle Vaccine against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.

ABSTRACT Here we exploit the natural properties of a synthetic nanoparticle (NP) scaffold as a subunit vaccine against enterohemorrhagic Escherichiacoli (EHEC). Two EHEC-specific immunogenic antigens, namely, LomW and EscC, either alone or in combination, were covalently linked on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and used to immunize mice prior to challenge with EHEC O157:H7 strain 86-24. LomW is a putative outer membrane protein encoded in bacteriophage BP-933W, while EscC is a structural type III secretion system protein which forms a ring in the outer membrane. The resulting AuNP preparations, AuNP-LomW and AuNP-EscC, showed that the nanoparticles were able to incorporate the antigens, forming stable formulations that retained robust immunogenicity in vivo after subcutaneous immunization. When administered subcutaneously, AuNP-LomW or AuNP-EscC or a combination containing equivalent amounts of both candidates resulted in higher IgG titers in serum and secretory IgA titers in feces. The serum IgG titers correlated with a significant reduction in EHEC intestinal colonization after 3 days postinoculation. In addition, we showed that serum from antigen-coated AuNP-immunized mice resulted in a reduction of adherence to human intestinal epithelial cells for EHEC, as well as for two other E. coli pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], encoding EscC, and enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC], encoding LomW). Further, the serum had antigen-specific bactericidal properties, engaging the classical complement pathway. Overall, our results demonstrate the immunogenicity and stability of a novel nanovaccine against EHEC. These results also strengthen the prospect of development of a synthetic nanoparticle vaccine conjugated to E. coli antigens as a promising platform against other enteric pathogens. IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen and the causative agent of diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome. These complications represent a serious global public health problem that requires laborious public health interventions and safety control measures to combat recurrent outbreaks worldwide. Today, there are no effective interventions for the control of EHEC infections, and, in fact, the use of antibiotics is counterindicated for EHEC disease. Therefore, a viable alternative for the prevention of human infections is the development of vaccines; however, no such vaccines are approved for human use. In this study, we developed a novel gold nanoparticle platform which acts as a scaffold for the delivery of various antigens, representing a nanovaccine technology which can be applied to several disease models.
Evaluating the implementation of cervical cancer screening programs in low-resource settings globally: a systematized review.

Cervical cancer disproportionately burdens low-resource populations where access to quality screening services is limited. A greater understanding of sustainable approaches to implement cervical cancer screening services is needed. We conducted a systematized literature review of evaluations from cervical cancer screening programs implemented in resource-limited settings globally that included a formal evaluation and intention of program sustainment over time. We categorized the included studies using the continuum of implementation research framework which categorizes studies progressively from “implementation light” to more implementation intensive. Fifty-one of 13,330 initially identified papers were reviewed with most study sites in low-resource settings of middle-income countries (94.1%) ,while 9.8% were in low-income countries. Across all studies, visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (58.8%) was the most prevalent screening method followed by cytology testing (39.2%). Demand-side (client and community) considerations were reported in 86.3% of the articles, while 68.6% focused scientific inquiry on the supply side (health service). Eighteen articles (35.3%) were categorized as “Informing Scale-up” along the continuum of implementation research. The number of cervical cancer screening implementation reports is limited globally, especially in low-income countries. The 18 papers we classified as Informing Scale-up provide critical insights for developing programs relevant to implementation outcomes. We recommend that program managers report lessons learnt to build collective implementation knowledge for cervical cancer screening services, globally.
Chapter 12 – Learning Contexts

In this part of the book Data Science for Software Engineering: Sharing Data and Models, we show that sharing all data is less useful that sharing just the relevant data. There are several useful methods for finding those relevant data regions including simple nearest neighbor, or kNN, algorithms; clustering (to optimize subsequent kNN); and pruning away “bad” regions. Also, we show that with clustering, it is possible to repair missing data in project records.
The Impact of Mental Illness Disclosure in Applying for Residency.

Medical students have higher rates of depression than age-matched peers. Given the societal stigma against mental illness, students with depression often seek guidance on disclosing this in residency applications. This study aimed to answer whether disclosing a mental illness during the residency application process affects an applicant’s success in the National Resident Matching Program. The authors hypothesized candidates disclosing mental illness would receive fewer interviews and would be ranked lower than those disclosing physical illness. The authors randomized program directors from residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to receive one of two surveys. Both surveys included similar demographic information and three applicant vignettes, varying only in presence and type of illness disclosed (major depression or diabetes mellitus). The authors analyzed data using the Generalized Estimating Equation method for ordinal logistic regression. Out of 3838 ACGME residency programs, 596 responded (16.9%). A total of 380 (10.7%) program directors (survey 1, n = 204, 5.3%; survey 2, n = 176, 4.6%) completed the survey. Applicants who disclosed a history of depression had higher odds of being in a lower category of receiving an invitation (OR = 3.60, p < .001 for a “perfect” applicant, OR = 2.39, p < .001 for a “good” applicant with leave of absence) and a lower category for match ranking (OR = 1.94, p = .01 for a perfect applicant, OR = 2.30, p < .001 for a good applicant with leave of absence) compared with the candidate who disclosed a history of diabetes. However, strong applicants who disclosed depression still fared better in the application process than an average applicant without disclosed illness (OR = 0.13, p < .001 for invite and OR = 0.04, p < .001 for rank). Disclosing depression during the residency application process puts an applicant at a notable, however not insurmountable, disadvantage compared with applicants who do not disclose mental illness.
Satisfaction with the use of telehealth during COVID-19: An integrative review.

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has defined 2020 thus far. Businesses, social and religious gatherings, travel, and almost all forms of transportation shut down to halt the spread of COVID-19. People were ordered to quarantine in place, and the world appears to go into a standstill. In the midst of being quarantined people with acute and chronic conditions still require medical care and treatment. An alternative way for people to receive needed health care was necessary. Hence, we saw an unprecedented surge in telehealth. With this unprecedented surge in use of telehealth, there is matter of delivering quality care. Objective Guided by the Donabedian Model, the purpose of this integrative review was to examine current evidence on patient and healthcare provider's satisfaction with the use of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design An integrative review of the literature Data sources The literature review was conducted utilizing PubMED, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria were studies published from January 2020 to July 11, 2020, published and translated in English language, and studies that evaluated patients and providers satisfaction with the use of telehealth or telemedicine during COVID-19. Eighteen articles were included in this review. Review methods An evaluation matrix was developed to collect data from the included articles. The articles were appraised using Fineout-Overholt & Gallagher-Ford Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist for Descriptive Studies and Rapid Critical Appraisal of Evidence-Based Practice Implementation or Quality Improvement Projects (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). Authors independently appraised each article using the appropriate appraisal tools. Results Ten of the articles (53%) included were studies conducted in the United States. Sixteen out of 18 studies evaluated patient satisfaction and five studies examined healthcare providers’ satisfaction with the use of telehealth. The majority of telehealth services offered were by subspecialists. Overall, patients and healthcare providers have high level of satisfaction with the use of telehealth during COVID-19 pandemic. Many patients and healthcare providers reported willingness to continue using telehealth after the pandemic. Conclusion This integrative review provided additional evidence on patient and healthcare provider's satisfaction with the use of telehealth. Findings in this review may not be surprising as individuals, healthcare providers, and health systems needed to adopt the use telehealth due to necessity. However, the results for telehealth are promising.
Sensing of Life Activities at the Human-Microwave Frontier

Modern microwave radar technologies and systems are taking important roles in healthcare, security, and human–machine interface by remote sensing of human life activities. This paper first reviews the developments in the past decade on the sensing front-end, transponder tag, and leveraging of other wireless infrastructure such as Wi-Fi. Based on the state-of-the-art engineering technologies, several emerging applications will then be studied, including continuous authentication, behavior recognition, human-aware localization, occupancy sensing, blood pressure monitoring, and sleep medicine. As radio frequency spectrum becomes a scarce resource, the allocation and spectrum sharing of life activity sensing bandwidth with other wireless infrastructures will be discussed. Several future research directions will be laid out to solve challenges for ubiquitous deployment of these sensing technologies at the human–microwave frontier.
Patent trolls and startup employment

Abstract We analyze how frivolous patent infringement claims made by nonpracticing entities (NPEs, or “patent trolls”) affect startups’ ability to grow and create jobs, innovate, and raise capital. Our identification strategy exploits the staggered adoption of anti-troll laws in 32 US states. The laws lead to a 4.4% increase in employment at high-tech startups—an increase driven by IT firms, a frequent target of NPEs. Increased access to financing, both venture capital and patent-backed lending, is a key channel driving our findings. Measures aimed at curbing the threat posed by NPEs can thus help reduce the real and financing frictions faced by startups.
Human Adenovirus 11 in 2 Renal Transplant Recipients: Suspected Donor-Derived Infection.

Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections can lead to high mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with rare reports of donor-derived infection. Methods Two renal transplant recipients with HAdV-11 infection who received kidneys from the same donor are described. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. Results WGS showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity for the 2 HAdV-11 isolates. The patients presented with distinct clinical syndromes, and both were treated with brincidofovir. Conclusions Donor-derived HAdV infection is presumed to be low; however, disseminated HAdV in SOT recipients can be severe, and clinicians should be aware of the clinical course and treatment options.
Moving outside the lab: The viability of conducting sensorimotor learning studies online

Collecting data online via crowdsourcing platforms has proven to be a very efficient way to recruit a large and diverse sample. Studies of motor learning, however, have been largely confined to the lab due to the need for special equipment to record movement kinematics and, as such, are typically only accessible to specific participants (e.g., college students). As a first foray to make motor learning studies accessible to a larger and more diverse audience, we developed an online, web-based platform (OnPoint) to collect kinematic data, serving as a template for researchers to create their own online sensorimotor control and learning experiments. As a proof-of-concept, we asked if fundamental motor learning phenomena discovered in the lab could be replicated online. In a series of three experiments, we observed a close correspondence between the results obtained online with those previously reported from research conducted in the laboratory. This web-based platform paired with online crowdsourcing can serve as a powerful new method for the study of motor control and learning.
Is deliberative democracy possible during a pandemic? Reflections of a bioethicist

In 1985, Governor Mario Cuomo established the New York State Task Force on Life and the Law to provide guidance on issues at the interface of medicine, ethics and the law. During its tenure, the Task Force has been the leading state-based commission in this space producing landmark reports on end-of-life care, physician-assisted suicide, genetic testing, newborn care, brain death, surrogate decision making, assisted reproduction, and ventilator allocation in pandemic flu. These documents have informed state policy, both regulatory and statutory, and had an outsized influence on policy deliberation nationwide. Despite this notable provenance, the Task Force was missing in action during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although individual members were sought for consultation, the Task Force as a whole did not meet during the entirety of the pandemic. This article will explore the consequences of this omission and argue that as a deliberative body, the Task Force should have been an essential component of statewide debate on questions of crisis standards of care, health equity, and vaccine allocation. The COVID-19 experience exposed weaknesses in New York's process of deliberative democracy in response to the pandemic. A state with a distinguished history in this interdisciplinary space was left behind with the views of important constituencies left unheard and communities unserved. Better apprehending how this abdication of responsibility occurred. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This has public policy significiance as it can help prevent its recurrence in the future and lead to more trustworthy, inclusive and effective public health and health law governance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Allelic Complexity of KMT2A Partial Tandem Duplications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

KMT2A partial tandem duplication (KMT2A-PTD) at 11q23.3 is associated with adverse risk in AML and MDS, is a potential therapeutic target, and is an attractive marker of measurable residual disease. High initial KMT2A-PTD RNA levels have been linked to poor prognosis, but mechanisms regulating KMT2A-PTD expression are not well understood. While it has been reported that KMT2A-PTD affects only a single allele, it has been theorized but not proven that duplications or genomic gains of a monoallelic KMT2A-PTD may occur, thereby potentially driving high expression and disease progression. Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of 11q has also been described and is known to be associated with mutations in CBL but has not been reported to involve KMT2A-PTD. In this study, we identified 94 patients with KMT2A-PTDs using targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) and found that 16% (15/94) had complex secondary events, including CN-LOH and selective gain involving the KMT2A-PTD allele. High copy numbers indicating complexity were significantly enriched in AML versus MDS and correlated with higher RNA expression. Moreover, in serial samples, complexity was associated with relapse and secondary transformation. Taken together, we provide approaches to integrate quantitative and allelic assessment of KMT2A-PTDs into targeted DNA NGS and demonstrate that secondary genetic events occur in KMT2A-PTD by multiple mechanisms that may be linked to myeloid disease progression by driving increased expression from the affected allele.
Cooperative adsorption based kinetics for dichlorobenzene dechlorination over Pd/Fe bimetal

Abstract Pd/Fe bimetal has been used in dichlorobenzene treatment with high efficiency. In order for an industrial application of this process, the dechlorination kinetics was studied. As a catalytic reaction, the overall dechlorination process can be characterized by the step of adsorption and surface reaction. A cooperative adsorption theory was applied to describe the adsorption behaviors in this system. Four chemicals: dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, benzene and hydrogen, are adsorbed on the catalyst surface, where active centers provide the space for adhesion. Two groups of active centers, “ σ ” and “ σ * ”, are divided by size in order to distinguish the capability of capturing aromatic compounds. Apparent multilayer adsorption was used to model the cooperative adsorption behaviors in this system. The adsorption sites were characterized by two energy levels. Based on the cooperative adsorption theory, a kinetic model was built for the dechlorination process under adsorption limitation. There are five parameters in the final model including the concentration of active sites, C σ , one reaction rate constant: k DCB and three equilibrium constants: K 1 , K 2 and K e . The resultant model was found to describe the experimental data well.
Varicella exposure time.

To the Editor.— The statement by Johnson et al1 that varicella was "protective against 96% of exposures" is misleading. Protection implies that disease was prevented. A continuing household exposure, eg, to a sibling, would be expected to produce an attack rate approaching 100%.2 Only four vaccinees had this type of exposure; 49 had other less intense types of exposure. The outcomes of other types of exposure are far less predictable but normally are not nearly as likely to result in varicella.3
Potlatch in Anthropology

‘Potlatch’ is a key anthropological concept, which has spread to many other fields of study. It refers to a ceremonial exchange system that arose in the nineteenth century on the Northwest Coast of North America. Although it takes various forms, most attention has been paid to the agonistic displays of the Kwakiutl potlatch.
Minimizing total power by simultaneous V/sub dd//V/sub th/ assignment

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of simultaneous multiple supply and threshold voltage assignment in minimizing the total power (static+dynamic) in generic digital CMOS designs. Achievable power reductions under varying conditions are investigated, including static-power limited designs and sub-1-V processes. Rules-of-thumb are developed for optimal V/sub dd/'s and V/sub th/'s to be used in future designs. These models show the optimal second V/sub dd/ to be approximately half the nominal V/sub dd/ while the potential total power savings is significantly greater than previously anticipated (60%-65%). We describe the impact of level conversion delays and also demonstrate that the scaling properties of multivoltage systems are very good, particularly when considering impending device scaling advancements.
A Multi-Country Comparison of Term Structure Forecasts at Long Horizons

This paper extends previous work on the information in the term structure at longer maturities to other countries besides the United states, using a newly constructed data set for 1 to 5 year interest rates from Britain, West Germany and Switzerland. Even with wide differences in inflation processes across these countries, there is we find strong evidence that the term structure does have significant forecasting ability for future changes in inflation, particularly so at long maturities. On the other hand, the ability of the term structure to forecast future changes in 1-year interest rates is somewhat weaker; only at the very longest horizon (5 years) is there significant forecasting ability for interest rate changes.
Beyond the central limit theorem

We study the effect of the non-Gaussian galaxy clustering on the statistics of pencil beam surveys. We derive the probability distribution for the power spectrum peaks by means of the Edgeworth expansion and find that the higher order moments of the galaxy distribution raise the probability to obtain the 128h−1 Mpc periodicity by more than one order of magnitude, up to 1%.
Well-differentiated peripheral cholangiocarcinoma with an unusual clinical course.

Abstract A patient with an unresectable well-differentiated bile duct tumor who survived for 15 yr after biopsy diagnosis is presented. Histologic examination of the tumor revealed bland features of bile duct adenoma despite extensive spread within the liver. Over its subsequent course, the tumor progressively replaced the liver, achieving huge size, although there was no evidence of metastases until shortly before the patient's death. This clinical course was very unusual for either bile duct adenoma or cholangiocarcinoma, but would be more characteristic of another tumor of intrahepatic bile duct origin, the biliary cystadenoma. However, this latter diagnosis was excluded with both gross and microscopic pathologic criteria. Evidence is presented to support classification of this tumor as an unusual varient of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma which requires correlation of the clinical and pathologic findings for correct diagnosis.
Positive Adult Support and Depression Symptoms in Adolescent Females: The Partially Mediating Role of Eating Disturbances

This study examined linkages between depression symptoms (DEP) and positive adult support (PAS) in female adolescents and the partially mediating influence of eating disturbances (ED). Structural equation modeling was used to establish measurement models for each of the latent constructs, determine the relationships among the latent constructs, and examine the overall model fit of the data. The relationships among the latent constructs of ED, PAS, and DEP were tested using a mediation model. Results indicate that there is a significant, positive relationship between DEP and PAS and that ED are a partial mediator of this relationship. This study provides evidence for the importance of evaluating how ED can influence the trajectory of depression in the lives of adolescent females.
X-Ray Telescope For Sounding Rocket-Borne Observations

The X-ray astronomy group at Caltech has developed an X-ray telescope for sounding rocket-borne observations above the Earth's atmosphere. The telescope consists of a pair of nested aluminum mirrors, 40.64 cm and 31.65 cm in diameter with a total geometrical collecting area of 200 cm2. The mirror surfaces have been machined at the Y-12 plant of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory using an air bearing spindle lathe and a diamond tool. Design and performance characteristics will be presented. The design of the next generation telescope of 91 cm diameter will be presented.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Historical differences in the political experiences of American blacks and white ethnics: Revisiting an unresolved controversy

Abstract Influenced by the revival of white ethnicity, a number of scholars began to re‐examine the historical experience of various white ethnic groups by the late sixties and early seventies. A common theme emerges from their historical analysis ‐ the argument that both white ethnics and Blacks faced similar problems adapting to American life resulting from discrimination by the White Anglo‐Saxon Protestant [WASP] mainstream: Many students of the Black experience took issue with this reinterpretation of American history, arguing that Blacks had a subordinate relationship to white society which produced a unique pattern of discrimination. Although scholars on both sides of this controversy have made their positions clear and have provided some supporting evidence, the controversy nevertheless remains unresolved because of the absence of systematic and comparative historical data on Blacks and white ethnics in the same study. The present study attempts to resolve partially this controversy by examining th...
Economic Heterogeneity and the Commons: Effects on Collective Action and Collective Goods Provisioning

Summary The question of how economic and socio-cultural heterogeneity impacts commons management has been receiving increasing attention, but without resolution. However, the issue is increasingly important in a globalizing world. This paper builds upon recent theoretical works to provide a clearer understanding of the conditions under which we might expect economic inequality to have positive, or negative, effects. Of critical importance to the argument is the distinction between the problem of collective action, and the problem of providing collective goods. A synthetic set of predictions is subsequently developed and tested with a comparative analysis of case studies of fisheries and irrigation systems.
Modulation of human GABAA and glycine receptor currents by menthol and related monoterpenoids

Effects of common monoterpenoid alcohols and ketones were investigated on recombinant human gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA; alpha1beta2gamma2s) and glycine (alpha1 homomers) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. GABA currents were enhanced by coapplications of 10-300 microM: (+)-menthol>(-)-menthol>(-)-borneol>>(-)-menthone=camphor enantiomers>carvone enantiomers, with menthol acting stereoselectively. By contrast, thujone diastereomers inhibited GABAA receptor currents while glycine currents were only markedly potentiated by menthol. Positive modulation by (+)-menthol was explored given its pronounced effects (e.g., at 100 microM, GABA and glycine EC20 responses increased by 496+/-113% and 135+/-56%, respectively). (+)-Menthol, 100 microM, reduced EC50 values for GABA and glycine from 82.8+/-9.9 to 25.0+/-1.8 microM, and from 98.7+/-8.6 to 75.7+/-9.4 microM respectively, with negligible effects on maximal currents. This study reveals a novel neuroactive role for menthol as a stereoselective modulator of inhibitory ligand-gated channels.
STAR results from the first year at RHIC

An overview of the latest results from the STAR experiment at RHIC is presented. Preliminary measurements of π,K,p,Λ and Ξ, plus their respective anti-particles atp t < 2 GeV/c, where the majority of particle production occurs, allow us to probe the soft processes whilst the harder perturbative regime can be accessed by studying particle spectra and yields at higher momenta.
Quinone interaction with the respiratory chain-linked NADH dehydrogenase of beef heart mitochondria. II. Duroquinone reductase activity

Abstract 1. Substituted benzoquinones and napthoquinones can function as electron acceptors for the NADH dehydrogenase segment of the mitochondrial electron transport system. Anthraquinones and several hydroxylated quinones are not reduced by the enzyme complex. 2. Piericidin A treatment at concentrations known to inhibit electron transport causes varying degrees of inhibition of quinone reductase activities. The pattern of piericidin A inhibition suggests that certain quinones are reduced at sites either before or after the piericidin A inhibition site. Reduction of quinones such as 5-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone (juglone) and 1,2-napthoquinone is inhibited only slightly. Reduction of ubiquinone 1 and 2 and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (duroquinone) is almost completely inhibited following piericidin A treatment. 3. Comparison of juglone reductase activity with ferricyanide reductase activity suggests that these acceptors are reduced at nonequivalent sites in the NADH dehydrogenase. Juglone reductase activity is stimulated following mercurial treatment while ferricyanide reductase activity is slightly inhibited. Preincubation of NADH dehydrogenase with NADH followed by mercurial treatment causes almost complete inhibition of ferricyanide reductase activity. Activation of juglone reductase activity still occurs under these conditions. The activation is specific for preparations of NADH dehydrogenase, for mercurials, and for napthoquinone reductase activity.
Cyclic flexural response and energy dissipation of cold-formed steel framing members

Abstract This paper summarizes results from an experimental program that investigated the cyclic axial behavior and energy dissipation of cold-formed steel C—sections structural framing members. Fully characterized cyclic axial load–deformation response of individual members is necessary to facilitate performance-based design of cold-formed steel building systems. Specimen cross-section dimensions and lengths were selected to isolate specific buckling modes (i.e., local, distortional or global buckling). The cyclic loading protocol was adapted from FEMA 461 with target displacements based on elastic buckling properties. Cyclic response showed large post-buckling deformations, pinching, strength and stiffness degradation. Damage accumulated within one half-wave after buckling. The total hysteretic energy dissipated within the damaged half-wave decreased with increasing cross-section slenderness. More energy dissipation comes at the cost of less cumulative axial deformation before tensile rupture.
Mass balance and phase density constraints on early differentiation of chondritic mantle

Abstract A surprisingly simple and precise major element mass balance is consistent with derivation of average upper mantle peridotite from a partially molten chondritic Earth by subtraction of perovskite and addition of olivine. Majorite involvement is precluded unless some as yet unidentified components play a role. Perovskite subtraction during a primordial melting event is expected to occur by crystal fractionation at depth, while olivine addition is accomplished by a combination of buoyancy mechanisms: crystal flotation from a deep layer of melt buried by its own compressibility to the base of the solidifying upper mantle and subsequent solid state convection of this buoyant magnesian olivine upward. These processes are consistent with known density relations of crystals and liquid at very high pressure. Mass balance predicts that the residual magma body at depth after supplying olivine by flotation upward can be komatiitic. Distribution of originally C1 chrondritic bulk Earth material a few 100 m.y. after primordial differentiation is solid peridotite upper mantle, perovskite lower mantle, and a komatiitic liquid sandwich horizon.
Local work function measurements of plasma-fluorinated epitaxial graphene

Plasma-fluorination is an attractive route toward the work function engineering of graphene. The effect of surface topography of epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide on the increase in work function after plasma-fluorination was investigated using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Results of these studies demonstrate the ability of plasma-treatments to functionalize epitaxial graphene without significant surface roughening. For few-layer epitaxial graphene on the Si-face, work function distribution corresponds to its surface topography. A bimodal distribution is observed before and after fluorination and the separation between the two modes widens after the fluorination. For multi-layer epitaxial graphene on the C-face, no correlation is observed between the work function distribution and the surface topography. After fluorination, the work function is fairly uniform except in few peeled off areas that show a stronger work function contrast.
Polyethylene-based nanocomposites containing organoclay: A new approach to enhance gas barrier via multilayer coextrusion and interdiffusion

Abstract Layer multiplying coextrusion was employed to produce films consisting of alternating layers of unfilled and particulate filled polymers, i.e., low density polyethylene (LDPE) and maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-MA)/organoclay nanocomposites. Layer multiplying coextrusion was employed to produce gas barrier films consisting of alternating layers of unfilled and particulate filled polymers, i.e., low density polyethylene (LDPE) and maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-MA)/organoclay nanocomposite. To further enhance gas barrier performance, the clay concentration within the nanocomposite layers was increased several fold through annealing of the multilayer film in the melt state. Residing in the melt state activated the interdiffusion between the polymers and due to a significant difference in the molecular mobility between the LDPE and LLDPE-g-MA chains led to a moving boundary effect which contracted the (LLDPE-g-MA)-rich nanocomposite layers and expanded the LDPE-rich layers. Analysis of the clay morphology within the nanocomposite layers demonstrated an increase in the clay particle lengths and aspect ratios, which was attributed to the growth of “skewed” aggregates during layer contraction and particle concentration. The melt induced clay concentration and increased clay particle dimensions caused a significant decrease in oxygen permeability of the nanocomposite layers and reduced the overall permeability of the multilayered films. Morphology and transport behavior of the multilayered films were compared to a series of LLDPE-g-MA/clay bulk nanocomposites with varying clay content prepared by melt compounding in a twin screw extruder. Nielsen and Cussler models were used to describe the gas barrier data of the nanocomposite films. Although both models can be fit well to the experimental data, the Cussler model showed a better agreement with the morphological observations.