cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zymbal Gland (Auditory Sebaceous Gland) Carcinoma Presenting as Otitis Externa in a Pet Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract A 1-year-old sexually intact male fancy rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) was presented for unilateral purulent otitis externa and weight loss. A small amount of bloody discharge was noted at the ostium of the left ear canal. The canal and the surrounding tissue were firm to the touch. Mild left-sided enophthalmos and facial nerve paralysis were noted. Otoscopic examination demonstrated caseous debris, and a swab of the external ear canal demonstrated a mixed population of rods and cocci on cytological evaluation. Bacterial culture of the external ear canal grew Escherichia coli. The rat was initially placed on oral and topical antimicrobial therapy. Despite treatment, the condition of the affected ear deteriorated and the rat continued to lose weight. Other clinical signs observed at this time included a worsening of the facial nerve paralysis, head tilt, and circling. A biopsy sample of the swollen tissue surrounding the left ear canal was collected; however, the rat died the day following the biopsy procedure. Histopathology of the biopsied tissue revealed an invasive neoplasm consistent with a Zymbal gland (auditory sebaceous gland) carcinoma. Zymbal glands are modified sebaceous glands surrounding the ear canal of rodents. Although chemically induced neoplasia of these glands is frequently observed, spontaneous tumor formation is much less common. Tumors of the Zymbal gland should be considered as underlying causes for unilateral otitis externa in rats.
Associations between early life experience, chronic HPA axis activity, and adult social rank in rhesus monkeys

ABSTRACTEarly life experience and socioeconomic status (SES) are well-established predictors of health outcomes in people. Both factors likely influence health outcomes via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. However, it is unclear how early experience and HPA axis activity influence adult social status. We studied differentially reared female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, N = 90) as models to test the hypothesis that chronic HPA axis activity assessed via hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) mediated the relationship between early life experience and adult social rank. We found that mother-peer-reared (MPR) monkeys acquired higher social ranks than either of the two nursery-reared (NR) groups (peer-reared, PR, or surrogate-peer-reared, SPR monkeys) (β = −0.07, t(89) = −2.16, p = 0.034). We also found that MPR HCCs were lower during the juvenile period at 18 months (F(2,25) = 3.49, p = 0.047). Furthermore, for MPR but not NR monkeys, changes in HCCs from 18 to 24 months (r(s) = −0.627, ...
Two Years Experience with High Volume Low Frequency CAPD

Thirty-nine stable CAPD patients were challenged with 3 L volume exchanges. Long term tolerance to this high volume dialysis was observed in 30% of patients. Taller and heavier patients tolerated large volumes better. Dialysate flow increased 13 to 50% when patients were switched from low to high volume dialysis.
Design and Application of New Turnable Cable Clamp for 1000 kV Spacers

UG and ADAMS are used in virtual design and simulation studies of the new turnable cable clamp for 1 000 kV spacers.The clamp consists of collet and rail fastening.It is able to rotate freely with an angle up to 120° around the clamping center of its collet.This mechanism is compact,can turn smoothly,and has self-lockable pin.Its flexibility and reliability,which meet requirements for 1 000 kV turnable spacers,are validated through tests.It also prevents offset icing forming by allowing conductor to twist freely,so that conductor gallop can be suppressed.
Terminology, the Standard Human, and Scaling

This chapter overviews the general features of the body that will be important throughout the text, and this begins with an overview of the terminology of anatomy. This is then related to how the body moves at synovial joints, and is explained in terms of the degrees of freedom of the motion of these joints. The size and features of the body and how they are related are presented for a standard human and then interrelated using scaling relationships, including allometric rules.
Overcoming Ir gene control of the response to the lysozymes.

In studying the genetics of immune response capacity, it is of importance to work in a molecular system in which it might be possible to obtain knowledge of the exact antigenic determinant(s) under the genetic influence. It was with this in mind that synthetic, random polypeptides were first used in genetic studies (1), since it was assumed that these polymers had simpler structure than the average multideterminant antigen. Recent evidence (e.g. 2,3) clearly suggests that there are multiple unknown specificities in an antigen such as (T, G,)-A—L, making precise analysis difficult.
Pre-lung transplant measures of reflux on impedance are superior to pH testing alone in predicting early allograft injury.

AIM: To evaluate pre-lung transplant acid reflux on pH-testing vs corresponding bolus reflux on multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) to predict early allograft injury. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients who underwent pre-transplant combined MII-pH-testing at a tertiary care center from January 2007 to November 2012. Patients with pre-transplant fundoplication were excluded. Time-to-event analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to assess associations between measures of reflux on MII-pH testing and early allograft injury. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (c-statistic) of the Cox model was calculated to assess the predictive value of each reflux parameter for early allograft injury. Six pH-testing parameters and their corresponding MII measures were specified a priori. The pH parameters were upright, recumbent, and overall acid reflux exposure; elevated acid reflux exposure; total acid reflux episodes; and acid clearance time. The corresponding MII measures were upright, recumbent, and overall bolus reflux exposure; elevated bolus reflux exposure; total bolus reflux episodes; and bolus clearance time. RESULTS: Thirty-two subjects (47% men, mean age: 55 years old) met the inclusion criteria of the study. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (46.9%) represented the most common pulmonary diagnosis leading to transplantation. Baseline demographics, pre-transplant cardiopulmonary function, number of lungs transplanted (unilateral vs bilateral), and post-transplant proton pump inhibitor use were similar between reflux severity groups. The area under the ROC curve, or c-statistic, of each acid reflux parameter on pre-transplant pH-testing was lower than its bolus reflux counterpart on MII in the prediction of early allograft injury. In addition, the development of early allograft injury was significantly associated with three pre-transplant MII measures of bolus reflux: overall reflux exposure (HR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36, P = 0.03), recumbent reflux exposure (HR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.04-1.50, P = 0.01) and bolus clearance (HR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.01-1.17, P = 0.02), but not with any pH-testing parameter measuring acid reflux alone. CONCLUSION: Pre-transplant MII measures of bolus reflux perform better than their pH-testing counterparts in predicting early allograft injury post-lung transplantation.
The Pivot: Comparative Perspectives from the Four Quarters

The fixity of urban centers has been deeply implicated in models of political development from chiefdom to the state and early empire. For this reason, both Western and Chinese scholars have neglected the importance of non-permanent or shifting ceremonial centers or capitals like China's in the evolution of complex society. A brief examination of the touchstone cultures of early Mespotamia and Classical Greece, to which China is compared, demonstrates how narrowly conceived and exclusive the Euro-American view of complex society constructed by archeologists and historians has been on the issue of mobility and the relation of ruler and polity to territory. The Chinese case, like those of India and South Asia, suggests that the moving center should be recognized as a common variant in the process of socio-political development and change. The integration of the Asian state and early empires into the comparatist project seeks to analyze the formative relations between religious and cosmological conceptions and social, political and economic development.
Epidemiology and Management of Candidiasis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the leading cause of fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients (SOT). In this article, we aim to review the epidemiology, risk factors, presentation, and management of IC in this population. Certain risk factors have been associated with IC in SOT recipients. Targeted antifungal prophylaxis for SOT recipients at the highest risk of infection is currently recommended although the choice and duration of antifungal agents remain controversial. Early diagnosis and monitoring of IC in SOT recipients are critical to achieve better outcomes and prevent serious complications. Non-culture-based diagnostic modalities have been introduced to aid in earlier and more accurate diagnosis. The use of azoles for prophylaxis or treatment in SOT recipients allowed for selection of resistance and increased the incidence of non-albicans Candida. Drug–drug interactions, cost, and risk of resistance are to be considered when using more potent or newer antifungal agents.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma Arising in an Adrenal Rest: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

Carcinomas arising from embryonic adrenal rests are rare with only a handful of reported cases. We report a case of an adrenocortical carcinoma arising from an adrenal rest located between the bladder and prostate in a 51 year-old man. The patient presented following a year of rectal pain and constipation. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 9 cm pelvic mass that appeared to arise from the soft tissue between the bladder and prostate, with displacement of the organs and narrowing of the rectal lumen, suspected to be a sarcoma. The surgically resected specimen showed a well-circumscribed, partially encapsulated tumor measuring 10.0 cm in greatest dimension. Both adrenal glands were identified intraoperatively. Grossly, the lesion was heterogeneous tan-brown to yellow, hemorrhagic and necrotic. Histology revealed sheets and nests of high-grade pleomorphic tumor cells with abundant clear to vacuolated cytoplasm with areas of necrosis, a high mitotic index (>10 mitoses/10 HPF) and foci suspicious for lymphovascular invasion. Adjacent adrenal cortical-type tissue was identified. Immunohistochemical stains revealed the tumor cells were weakly and focally positive for MiTF, Melan-A, inhibin and synaptophysin, and negative for CKAE1/AE3, HMB-45, calretinin, EMA, SMA, chromogranin, PAX8, MDM2 and CDK4. Based upon the morphologic and immunohistochemical profile, this was diagnosed as an adrenocortical carcinoma, arising in an adrenal rest. To our knowledge, no such tumor has been previously described in this location.
Multistage extraction platform for highly efficient and fully continuous purification of nanoparticles.

This paper presents a fully-continuous novel liquid–liquid-extraction (LLE) platform for the purification of nanoparticles. The use of multistage operation enhances the purity of the final stream without the expense of high solvent consumption. Two case studies, purification of CdSe quantum dots in organic solvent and that of gold nanoparticles in water, demonstrate that the LLE platform is versatile, non-destructive, and highly efficient.
Capillary Foams: Formation Stages and Effects of System Parameters

Foams are concentrated dispersions of gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase. They are ubiquitous in nature and familiar from beer, frothed milk, and bubble baths; moreover, they play important roles in industrial applications ranging from petrochemicals to pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. Recently, we reported the discovery of “capillary foams”, a new class of stable foams obtained by frothing a suspension of colloidal particles in the presence of a small amount of oil. In this study, we explored in more detail the formation stages of capillary foams and found that particle networks are formed first, which then entrap the gas bubbles (in this case, air bubbles). We further investigated the influence of particle concentration and wettability on the formation of capillary foams. As the fraction of particles is increased, the foam volume first increases and then reaches a plateau value. Finally, capillary foams were prepared at different oil fractions, using oils with different interfacial properties...
The K-Ras, N-Ras, and H-Ras Isoforms: Unique Conformational Preferences and Implications for Targeting Oncogenic Mutants

Ras controls a multitude of cellular signaling processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Deregulation of Ras cycling often promotes tumorigenesis and various other developmental disorders, termed RASopothies. Although the structure of Ras has been known for many decades, it is still one of the most highly sought-after drug targets today, and is often referred to as "undruggable." At the center of this paradoxical protein is a lack of understanding of fundamental differences in the G domains between the highly similar Ras isoforms and common oncogenic mutations, despite the immense wealth of knowledge accumulated about this protein to date. A shift in the field during the past few years toward a high-resolution understanding of the structure confirms the hypothesis that each isoform and oncogenic mutation must be considered individually, and that not all Ras mutations are created equal. For the first time in Ras history, we have the ability to directly compare the structures of each wild-type isoform to construct a "base-line" understanding, which can then be used as a springboard for analyzing the effects of oncogenic mutations on the structure-function relationship in Ras. This is a fundamental and large step toward the goal of developing personalized therapies for patients with Ras-driven cancers and diseases.
A method for selecting the relevant dimensions for high-dimensional classification in singular vector spaces

In this paper, we give a new feature selection algorithm for the binary class classification problem in sparse high-dimensional spaces. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a popular dimension reduction method in higher-dimensional classification. The traditional SVD method begins by ranking the Singular Dimensions (SDs) from largest singular value to the smallest. However, when the number of signals is fewer than the number of noise, the first few ranked SDs are not necessarily the best for classification. We demonstrate, theoretically and empirically, that our method efficiently selects the SDs most appropriate for classification and significantly reduces the misclassification error. We also apply our method to real data text mining applications.
Iterative applications of image completion with CNN-based failure detection

Abstract Image completion is a technique to fill missing regions in a damaged or redacted image. A patch-based approach is one of major approaches, which solves an optimization problem that involves pixel values in missing regions and similar image patch search. One major problem of this approach is that it sometimes duplicates implausible texture in the image or overly smooths down a missing region when the algorithm cannot find better patches. As a practical remedy, the user may provide an interaction to identify such regions and re-apply image completion iteratively until she/he gets a desirable result. In this work, inspired by this idea, we propose a framework of human-in-the-loop style image completion with automatic failure detection using a deep neural network instead of human interaction. Our neural network takes small patches extracted from multiple feature maps obtained from the completion process as input for the automated interaction process, which is iterated several times. We experimentally show that our neural network outperforms a conventional linear support vector machine. Our subjective evaluation demonstrates that our method drastically improves the visual quality of resulting images compared to non-iterative application.
Direct Parastomal Percutaneous Embolization for Bleeding Stomal Varices

A 71-year-old woman with a history of colon cancer and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presented with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Workup revealed cirrhosis with peristomal varices, which was managed successfully with computed tomography (CT)–guided percutaneous parastomal access and subsequent embolization.
Symbolic Innovations: Consequences of Convergence of Adoption and of Implementation

A symbolic innovation is one that stands for something else. Here we will explore eight conditions resulting from a bipolar configuration of stakeholder interests, extrinsic benefits, and intrinsic...
The Use of Biodegradable Pesticides in Public Health Entomology

In his presidential address to the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, W. C. Reeves (1972) asked: “Can the war to contain infectious diseases be lost?” That remains a good question today. One must realize how fragile our ability is to control arthropod-borne disease. After malaria was reduced in India from 750 million cases and 750,000 deaths per year prior to 1953 (Wattal, 1971) to only 100,000 cases per year during the mid-1960s, we have witnessed a resurgence to 5 million cases in 1976 and to 10 million cases during the first 9 months of 1977 (Akhtar and Learmonth, 1977). In India, 122 million people live at risk of filariasis (Wattal, 1971). Outbreaks of dengue and Chikungunya viruses occur repeatedly, and less than a year ago an epidemic of Japanese encephalitis resulted in 5359 confirmed and clinically suspected cases and 1869 deaths (U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978).
New diagnostic and therapeutic options in bacterial meningitis in infants and children

Bacterial meningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates and children through the world. Current strategies to prevention and therapy of bacterial meningitis are compromised by incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis, emergence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms and lack of simple diagnostic tools in resource-limited settings. Successful prevention and treatment of bacterial meningitis requires the knowledge on epidemiology including prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens, pathogenesis of meningitis, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents. The introduction of the protein conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis has changed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis. Suspected bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency and requires empiric antimicrobial therapy without delay, but recognition of pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor in selection of empiric antimicrobial regimen. A more complete knowledge on the pathogenesis of meningitis is likely to help in development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options for infants and children with bacterial meningitis.
Pressure Volume Changes in Isobaric Brain Impaction

The relationship of intracranial pressure and brain edema is not clear. Increased intracranial pressure, as would be expected, has not been a consistent finding in studies attempting to define the changes of intracranial pressure (ICP) associated with laboratory models of brain edema. In our experience, both cryogenic and infusion models of edema have produced relatively mild increases of ICP despite significant increases in brain tissue water (1, 2). We hypothesised that the rate of edema was an important factor and in this study challenged the brain with a high rate of infused volume at multiple locations in order to define more clearly the pressure dynamics.
The Speech Protocol

Much of this text has described technical aspects of the videofluoroscopic examination, velopharyngeal anatomy, and the characteristics of normal and disordered speech. However, this chapter, “The Speech Protocol,” is perhaps the most crucial to the conduct of the velopharyngeal examination.
CHAPTER 26 – Controlling Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens

This chapter briefly introduces some of the antagonists of soil-borne pathogens as representative of the broad taxa that are useful in this field, and then discusses ways in which these antagonists can be employed to bring about biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens. Plant-parasitic nematodes inhabit many types of soils and attack the roots of plants. They are affected by a range of natural enemies, including bacteria, nematophagous fungi, and predaceous nematodes and arthropods. Organisms for biological control of soil-borne diseases can be used primarily in two ways, either through conservation or through augmentation. Among the diversity of nonpathogenic microbes usually associated with plants, there is a substantial opportunity for the development of resident species as competitors of, or antagonists to, pathogenic organisms. Management of such antagonistic organisms for biological control can range from treatment of soil to favor the desirable organisms through inoculation of soils or plants with specific beneficial microorganisms. Biological control of plant pathogens through conservation is accomplished either by preserving existing microbes that attack or compete with pathogens or by enhancing conditions for their survival and reproduction at the expense of pathogenic organisms. Biological control of plant pathogens through augmentation is based on mass culturing antagonistic species and adding them to the cropping system.
Technology for coping with floods in the 21st century

The state-of-the-art of measures and technology for coping with floods at the end of 20th century is a prerequisite for developing better ways of coping with them in the 21st century. Four groups of measures for coping with floods are: do-nothing, non-structural, structural, and a mixture of structural and non-structural measures. The do-nothing alternative means learning to live with floods. Flood impacts are minimized by avoiding them. Non-structural measures are of three categories: regulation for proofing of flood plains (zoning, coding), defense from floods, and flood insurance. Structural measures are divided in (area-, space-) extensive and (point-, line-) intensive measures. The extensive structural measures include reshaping of land surface, soil conservation, flow delay, and increase of infiltration. The intensive measures consist of four categories: levees and dikes, water storage, increase of channel flood capacity, and flood plain polders and platforms. Increase or exclusion of storage space, as intensive structural measures, highly affect floods. Mixtures of structural and non-structural measures may often turn out to be the economically most attractive way of coping with floods. The future of the do-nothing alternative on floods will highly depend on the concepts of how and to what degree the environment is to be protected. The future of non-structural measures will require implementation and discipline rather than new technologies. Extensive measures may be unavoidable because of required conservation of soil, efficient management of land use and protection of the environment. A combination of structural and non-structural measures may include only extensive structural measures, if protection of the environment excludes intensive structural measures for any valid reason.
Band Keratopathy Removal

Band keratopathy is a corneal disease in which calcium deposits on the cornea. It most often occurs in the interpalpebral fissure starting at the nasal and temporal (towards the ear) aspects of the cornea and evolving towards the centered, forming a band.
Concurrent distributed visualization and solution steering

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Concurrent Distributed Visualization and Solution Steering. It reveals that one solution to dealing with the masses of information created by transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is to closely couple the components avoiding placing data on disk unless necessary. An added benefit of any co-processing is the ability to remove steps from the analysis loop, potentially making the entire process streamlined. If one is watching the results of the solution procedure as they are calculated, solution steering is possible. The chapter describes pV3 as an attempt to closely couple 3D CFD solvers with a complete visualization system for transient applications. pV3 has shown that it is possible to perform concurrent solver/visualization for transient problems. Complete flight simulation is possible at the solver level because the compute power continues to increase greatly. The mechanism used within pV3 for communication between the server and the solver is also discussed.
Expression Profiling of Prostate Cancer Progression

DNA microarray technology has revolutionized cancer research through the ability to obtain a genomewide perspective of gene expression. More than 25 published studies have profiled human prostate tissues, and the number of dysregulated genes identified through microarray studies is still expanding. However, although we have gained tremendous insight into expression differences between benign and cancerous prostate tissue, much remains to be understood regarding gene expression in the context of progression from benign to clinically localized prostate cancer to metastatic disease. In this review, after briefly introducing DNA microarrays and the current state of expression profiling in prostate cancer (CaP), we focus on how profiling studies have contributed to our knowledge of gene expression in CaP progression, particularly in advanced disease. Studies attempting to identify expression signatures correlating with Gleason grade are discussed. In addition, studies characterizing expression in aggressive tumors, either by profiling metastatic samples directly or identifying gene signatures characteristic of localized tumors likely to recur after surgical resection, are analyzed. Results from these studies will be synthesized to characterize CaP progression and identify focused areas of future analysis. The limitations of current approaches are also addressed, particularly in translating conclusions from these studies to clinical practice. We conclude with a discussion of important advances and future areas for expression profiling in the context of understanding CaP progression.
Aristotle on Plato’s Republic VIII-IX: Politics v. 12, 1316a1-b27

Toward the end of Politics V . 12, Aristotle criticizes Plato’s discussion of political change in Republic VIII-IX . Scholars often reject Aristotle’s criticism, especially because it portrays Plato’s discussion, allegedly unfairly, as developing a historically testable theory. I argue that Aristotle’s criticism is adequate, and that the seriousness with which he considers Plato’s account of political change as an alternative to his own is both warranted and instructive. First, apart from criticizing Plato’s account for its historical inaccuracies, Aristotle also exposes theoretical insufficiencies and internal inconsistencies within it. Second, Aristotle’s criticisms of historical inaccuracies in Plato’s discussion of political change are not misdirected, since there are reasons to think that Plato does intend that discussion to accord with the historical facts.
Effect of rare earth and transition metal La-Mn substitution on electrical properties of co-precipitated M-type Ba-ferrites nanoparticles

Abstract In the current research work Ba1−xLaxMnyFe12−yO19 hexa-ferrite nanoparticles of different compositions were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation technique. The structural properties were explored using X-ray diffractions (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD indexed pattern confirms the formation of M-type hexagonal phase. The crystallite size of synthesized samples ranges from 13 to 34 ± 2 nm. FTIR peaks observe also confirmed the presence of metal–oxygen bond of the desired product. The position of peak at 467 cm−1 corresponds to A2u vibration for octahedral Fe(4+)–O and peak position E1u corresponds to vibration of Fe(3+)O4 octahedral bonds. The band v1 in range (677–559 cm−1) and v2 in frequency range (356–419 cm−1) are associated to A and B sites. Dielectric properties of all compositions were measured with frequency. The dielectric constant, loss and tangent loss decrease from 26 to 9, 25 to 2 and 0.94 to 0.14, respectively with frequency. DC electrical resistivity is increased with dopant concentration increasing from 2.15 × 104 to 1.92 × 105 Ω·cm.
Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors in a Population-Based Cohort.

Background There are an estimated 1.4 million colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the United States. Research on endocrine and metabolic diseases over the long term in CRC survivors is limited. Obesity is a risk factor for CRC; thus it is of interest to investigate diseases that may share this risk factor, such as diabetes, for long-term health outcomes among CRC survivors. Methods A total of 7114 CRC patients were identified from the Utah Population Database and matched to a general population cohort of 25 979 individuals on birth year, sex, and birth state. Disease diagnoses (assessed over three time periods of 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and >10 years) were identified using electronic medical records and statewide ambulatory and inpatient discharge data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of endocrine and metabolic disease. Results Across all three time periods, risks for endocrine and metabolic diseases were statistically significantly greater for CRC survivors compared with the general population cohort. At 1-5 years postdiagnosis, CRC survivors' risk for diabetes mellitus with complications was statistically significantly elevated (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.36, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.70). CRC survivors also experienced a 40% increased risk of obesity at 1-5 years postcancer diagnosis (HR= 1.40, 99% CI= 1.66 to 2.18) and a 50% increased risk at 5-10 years postdiagnosis (HR = 1.50, 99% CI= 1.16 to 1.95). Conclusions Endocrine and metabolic diseases were statistically significantly higher in CRC survivors throughout the follow-up periods of 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and more than 10 years postdiagnosis. As the number of CRC survivors increases, understanding the long-term trajectory is critical for improved survivorship care.
Building bottom-up aggregate-based models (ABMs) in soil systems with a view of aggregates as biogeochemical reactors.

Author(s): Wang, Bin; Brewer, Paul E; Shugart, Herman H; Lerdau, Manuel T; Allison, Steven D
Overdiagnosing, Overtreating, and Overmedicalizing Behavior and Feelings

This chapter continues to pursue and document unjustifiable medical practices that need to be curbed as much as possible so as to eliminate this source of unsustainable costs. In this case, the source is the enormous diagnostic inflation of mental disorders. Diagnostic inflation treats normal behavior and feelings as mental disorders and thus medicalizes them. This comes about in two ways: failing to abide by the criteria for mental illness, often fueled by deceptive drug ads, and failing in the process of diagnosing by psychiatrists and other medical practitioners: for example, diagnosing on the basis of one visit and not taking the time to learn if a troubled individual is having normal feelings or behaving normally.
Interpreter preferences among pediatric patients and residents: Informing future directions for advancing patient-centered care for Spanish-speaking patients

Background: Language barriers continue to obstruct high quality healthcare, lessen satisfaction, and diminish understanding of health conditions. Interpreter services, both professional and via telephone, attempt to mitigate these deleterious effects. However, patient and physician preference for the modality of professional interpreter services has not be described in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify the type of interpreter service preferred by Spanish-speaking patients and their care-providing pediatric residents in an outpatient general pediatrics setting. Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive Spanish-speaking parents of pediatric patients …
The Northern Gulf Anomaly: P- and S-wave travel time delays illuminate a strong thermal feature beneath the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Seismic measurements are used in a detailed investigation of a region of extremely low asthenospheric seismic velocities along the US Gulf Coast, first imaged in continental-scale geotomography, which we term the Northern Gulf Anomaly (NGA). Differential P- and S-wave arrival times from teleseisms at a variety of back-azimuths, observed on EarthScope Transportable Array stations near the US Gulf Coast, demonstrate that asthenospheric seismic velocities are 8-10% lower than the neighboring craton, and define the spatial extent and character of the anomaly. Travel time anomalies are calculated relative to the AK135 earth model and corrected to account for the effect of the kilometers-thick sedimentary cover in the region. The NGA is most intense at the southernmost coast of Louisiana and East Texas (with an eastern edge at 89°W) and smoothly tapers away in a triangular wedge that extends inland as far as 300 km. It has sharper edges and a smaller areal extent (by ∼ 50 % ) than previously-published geotomography has indicated. Both the magnitude and ratio of delays indicate that the NGA has a thermal origin, which may represent past or present-day small-scale convective upwelling near the southeastern edge of the North American continent. The NGA suggests that large-scale but poorly understood asthenospheric processes are at work beneath the US Gulf Coast, notwithstanding this region's reputation as an aseismic, passively-subsiding continental margin.
Three-Dimensional Printed Cage in Patients With Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis Using a Retrograde Intramedullary Nail: Early Outcomes.

Introduction. Segmental bone loss in the hindfoot hinders the chance of successful outcomes. Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a reliable option; nevertheless, the risk of nonunion is high. Three-d...
Blood accusation and Orthodox liturgy in the Russian Empire before and after the Beilis Case

Although Gavriil died in 1690, he became the object of cult veneration in late imperial Russia at the end of the 19 th century. This period, the golden age of what Eric Hobsbawm called “the invention of tradition”, was also a time of rising anti-Semitism and blood accusation in the Russian empire. The 1908 service (Small Vespers, Great Vespers, Matins) composed in Gavriil’s honor contains numerous quotations and reworkings of the anti-Jewish texts from Byzantine Passion Week, Great Friday in particular. The imagery from Byzantine liturgy provided a familiar and resonant template that allowed it to spark associations in the Russian empire between the revolutions of 1905 and 1917. The Gavriil service prompts the question of whether liturgical texts can be held responsible for Christian religious antisemitism. It provides context for anxieties focusing on the Jews in late imperial Russia and as a possible background for the 1911–1913 Beilis blood accusation case. Most historians argue that by the early 20 th century, the theological underpinnings of antisemitism were replaced by a backlash against the ideologies of liberalism and Marxism, and—in the Russian empire—the greater integration of Jews into society as a result of the Great Reforms of Alexander II. The service to Gavriil and the persistent tensions during Holy Week, however, shows the enduring importance of the religious context in ritual murder trials and accusations, particularly in the Pale of Settlement (present-day Belarus and Ukraine). The veneration of Gavriil in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods in Poland, Belarus, and beyond, reflects different tensions.
Abstract C026: Energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in African American women

Purpose: To investigate the association between energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in African American women. We hypothesized that African American women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), based on being negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, would be less likely to have energy-related risk factors than women with other breast cancer subtypes (1) estrogen receptor positive (ER+), and (2) estrogen receptor negative (ER-). Methods: African American women ages 25-75 years diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in 2009-2014 in Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia were eligible for the study. A total of 697 women (premenopausal n=156; postmenopausal n=541) provided information on energy-related risk factors in a telephone interview and consented to review of tumor tissue. Energy-related risk factors were defined as: no physical activity (54%), high meat intake (upper quartile), obese class II/III (32%), and high weight gain since age 18 (upper quartile). Breast cancer subtype was obtained from pathology reports that accompanied tumor tissue. Results: Although not significantly different, premenopausal (odds ratio (OR) 1.34) and postmenopausal (OR 1.26) women with TNBC were more likely to have high meat intake relative to women with ER+ disease. Premenopausal, but not postmenopausal, women with TNBC were also more likely to have high weight gain since age 18. Women with ER- disease were more likely to have high meat intake, be obese class II/III, and have high weight gain than women with ER+ disease which was more pronounced among premenopausal than postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Histologic subtyping is currently being performed on collected tissue to confirm the reported breast cancer subtypes in the pathology reports. The large number of African American women participating in our study can further our understanding of the relationships between energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in this population. Citation Format: Mieke Fortune, Steffie-Ann Dujon, Mary K Fadden, Loren Lipworth, Maureen Sanderson. Energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in African American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C026.
A Comparison of Adhesive Wear with Three-Body Abrasive Wear Characteristics of Graphitic White Irons Designed for Metal-to-Metal Wear Systems

Frictional heat-induced severe adhesive wear has been limiting the lifetime of metal-to-metal wear systems for many years. Five graphitic white irons were previously designed and produced to introduce flake graphite into white iron, with the goal to expedite heat dissipation and reduce the frictional heat effect. This paper focused on the graphite addition effect on adhesive wear resistance for graphitic white irons and its comparison with abrasive wear. Adhesive wear resistance was assessed with a block on ring apparatus in accordance with ASTM G77. An empirical model was formulated to quantitatively evaluate graphite additions’ effect on the adhesive wear resistance. The model indicated that 1 vol.% graphite addition had the same effect as a hardness increase of 2.66 HRC, which was a 14% higher contribution than previously observed for three-body abrasive wear of the same alloys studied following ASTM G65. The improved wear resistance was related to an increased thermal diffusivity of the composite microstructure, and the surface lubricating effect of graphite.
Double-absorber thin-film solar cell with 34% efficiency

Power-conversion efficiency is a critical factor for the wider adoption of solar-cell modules. Thin-film solar cells are cheap and easy to manufacture, but their efficiencies are low compared to crystalline-silicon solar cells and need to be improved. A thin-film solar cell with two absorber layers (instead of only one), with bandgap energy graded in both, can capture solar photons in a wider spectral range. With a 300-nm-thick CuIn 1 − ξ 1 Ga ξ 1 Se 2 absorber layer and an 870-nm-thick Cu 2 ZnSn ( S ξ 2 Se 1 − ξ 2 ) 4 absorber layer, an efficiency of 34.45% is predicted by a detailed optoelectronic model, provided that the grading of bandgap energy is optimal in both absorber layers.
Electrode displacement elastography for differentiating metastatic liver cancer microwave ablation procedures

Primary liver cancers and liver metastases are malignancies resulting in high mortality rates [1, 2]. As a treatment method, microwave ablation (MWA) presents with treatment success similar to surgical resection while significantly reducing morbidity and mortality for patients, requiring ablative margins of 0.5 – 1.0 cm verified using medical imaging. Unfortunately, traditional imaging modalities used namely, contrast enhanced computed tomography and B-mode ultrasound have limitations in providing visualization for validating MWA efficacy. Alternatively, electrode displacement elastography (EDE) has shown potential in visualizing MWA post ablation regions. However, EDE has not been used previously for comparing the pre and post ablation cross-sectional area measurements for ablative margin estimation and treatment of liver cancers. This work shows that EDE can achieve ablative margin estimation by comparing pre- and post- ablation EDE strain imaging for use in determining MWA efficacy.
The Humira Patent Thicket and the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine

Humira (adalimumab) is among the best-selling drugs in the United States and around the world. Even though the core patent for Humira expired in 2016, the manufacturer, AbbVie, has continued to increase the price to consumers year-after-year, so that the 2019 average yearly retail price was $84,454. Another 7.5% price increase is expected in the near future. AbbVie’s conduct to promote the rising price of Humira was recently challenged in In Re: Humira® (Adalimumab) Antitrust Litigation, No. 19-cv-1873. In March 2019, a group of indirect payers for Humira (labor unions and health and welfare funds) filed a novel lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois alleging antitrust activity on the part of AbbVie in violation of Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The antitrust challenge, which was dismissed by the District Court on the basis of the Noerr-Pennington doctrine, is predicated on AbbVie’s patent thicket that surrounds Humira and on legal settlements it has reached with six biosimilar companies to keep them out of the market until 2023. This article examines In Re Humira and provides a legal rationale for the conclusion that the District Court’s dismissal of the case should be overturned on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. The case will be heard on February 25, 2021.
Perceptions of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: does health literacy matter?

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the relationship between health literacy, perceptions of traditional and electronic cigarettes, and smoking status among college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants (N = 150; Mage= 20.41 years, SD 3.48), included nonsmokers (78%) and smokers (21%) of traditional (12%) and e-cigarettes (17%). METHOD Participants completed a novel questionnaire to assess perceptions of traditional and e-cigarettes, and the Health Literacy Skills Instrument to evaluate health literacy. RESULTS Traditional cigarettes were perceived as having a greater negative impact on physical health than e-cigarettes, whereas e-cigarettes were perceived as having a greater positive impact on social-emotional health than traditional cigarettes. Most participants (57%) had below basic health literacy skills. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find a relationship between health literacy skills and smoking status or smoking perceptions. Further research is needed to investigate correlates of smoking status and perceptions to inform prevention and cessation efforts.
Reconstruction-free positron emission imaging

Measurement of the arrival times of annihilation photons in a detector with greater precision is opening the way to new direct forms of tomographic positron emission imaging that do not require back-projection-based reconstruction techniques.
Robustness of Sampled-Data Control to Unmodeled High-Frenquency Dynamics

Robustness of sampled-data control designs to unmodeled high-frequency dynamics is studied using singular perturbation theory. When a plant is preceded by a zero-order holder, a direct transmission term of the reduced-order model should be modeled as a delay element in order to ensure robustness.
Parkinson’s Disease Among Mexican Americans Aged 74 Years And Older In The Southwestern United States (P3.060)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among community-dwelling Mexican Americans participating in Wave 5 of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE, 2004-2005), and to describe participants’ health status. BACKGROUND: There is scant knowledge of the prevalence of PD among racial and ethnic minority groups. DESIGN/METHODS: Wave 5 of the HEPESE, conducted 2004-2005, provided a representative sample of community-dwelling Mexican-Americans residing in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. Data included participants9 demographics, health conditions, and health status. Inclusion criteria comprised being age 74 and above; we excluded participants who answered “don’t know” or who “refused” or had a “missing” response to the self-reported question regarding having been diagnosed with PD. RESULTS: Wave 5 of HEPESE included 2,069 Mexican Americans ages 74-109. Thirty participants did not meet prior specified criteria and were excluded from our analyses, resulting in a final sample of 2,039. A total of 60 (2.94%) participants reported being diagnosed with PD. When compared to those who reported not having PD, participants who self-identified as PD patients were significantly more likely to be older (p=0.03); male (p CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the estimated prevalence of PD among community-dwelling Mexican Americans age 74 and above is 2.94%. We suspect this includes a combination of patients with idiopathic PD as well as vascular and other secondary causes of parkinsonism. Our results highlight the neurologic burden of disease among Mexican Americans and call for further action to address minority communities’ neurologic needs. Study Supported by: NIH-NINDS T32NS048005 (NM), NIH-NIA AG10939 (SR, NC, KM, SA), NIH-NIA AG024832 (NC). Disclosure: Dr. Mejia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rote has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Markides has nothing to disclose. Dr. Al Snih has nothing to disclose.