cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model for evaluating the configuration and dispatch of PV plus battery power plants

Abstract An open-source model was developed to optimize energy storage operation for photovoltaic- (PV-) plus-battery systems with AC-coupled and DC-coupled configurations. It includes the ability to use forecast energy prices to optimize battery charge and discharge on a rolling time horizon. The model allows for exploration of different configurations, including capital costs, inverter performance, dispatch flexibility, and capturing otherwise clipped energy for the DC-coupled system. The model can run 20 full years of hourly data in approximately two seconds, allowing comparison of a large number of configurations. We applied the model in a test case demonstrating reduced inverter clipping for DC-coupled systems and yielded slightly higher overall value than AC-coupled systems, with an approximately 2 percent increase in internal rate of return or benefit/cost ratio. Our results show that at current estimated prices for lithium-ion battery systems, large-scale PV-plus-battery plants are economically viable under the right conditions, with the configuration playing a role in system flexibility and performance. This model provides the ability for project developers, industry professionals, and researchers to use readily available software to quickly evaluate and design these systems.
"Awake" Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant

Purpose The outcomes of patients bridged to lung transplant using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have substantially improved in the last decade. Dual lumen cannula has revolutionized ECMO management by allowing patients to remain awake and ambulate while on ECMO support. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for adult patients undergoing isolated lung transplantation between January 2010 and December 2018. The study population was classified based on ECMO or mechanical ventilation (MV) at the time of transplant and divided into 4 groups: 1) No ECMOM 2) ECMO-only (ECMO without MV); 3) MV+ECMO (ECMO with MV); and 4) MV-only (no ECMO with MV). Survival comparisons and predictors of mortality were analyzed. Results A total of 18,055 lung transplantations were performed during the study period. 314 required ECMO-only, 480 required MV+ECMO, and 719 required MV-only. Survival was significantly worse for patients requiring MV+ECMO (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.01-1.74, p=0.04) or MV-only (HR 1.63, 95%CI 1.27-2.09, p Conclusion Awake ECMO is a feasible and safe option for bridge to transplant in eligible patients with end stage lung disease. The combination of ECMO and MV is associated with decrease post-transplant survival. Listing should be carefully considered in this particular clinical scenario.
Para-limbic Structural Abnormalities Are Associated With Internalizing Symptoms in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with a variety of structural abnormalities in the brain, including several within the para-limbic system. Children with PAE have higher rates of internalizing disorders, including depression and anxiety, which may be related to underlying limbic system anomalies. Methods Children aged 8 to 16 with PAE (n = 41) or without PAE (n = 36) underwent an magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and parents completed behavioral questionnaires about their children. Semi-automated procedures (FreeSurfer) were used to derive para-limbic volumes from T1-weighted anatomical images. Results There were significant group differences (PAE vs. nonexposed controls) in the caudate, hippocampus, and the putamen; children with PAE had smaller volumes in these regions even after controlling for total intracranial volume. A trend-level association was seen between caudate volume and internalizing symptoms in children with PAE; smaller caudate volumes (presumably reflecting less optimal neurodevelopment) were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in these children. Conclusions Caudate structure may be disproportionately affected by PAE and may be associated with the later development of internalizing symptoms in those affected by PAE.
Socialization through Mentoring in the U.S. Public Accounting Profession

This paper uses broad brush strokes to paint an historical and contemporary perspective on socialization through mentoring in the U.S. public accounting profession. The accounting profession needs the socialization mechanism of mentor-protege relationships to groom future leaders, to create a passion for excellence, and to engender a sense of pride in the profession [Fogarty, 1992; cf. Ramamoorti et al., 1999]. The benefits of mentoring are well-documented by Levinson et al. [1978] and are subsequently validated in the context of the public accounting profession [Dirsmith and Covaleski, 1985; Scandura and Viator 1994; and Siegel et al., 1995]. The mentor, as a role model, has the primary function of sponsoring, supporting, and facilitating a young accounting professional’s realization of his or her full potential [Viator and Pasewark, 2005]. Entrants to the profession ought to be able to learn from seasoned and highly successful practitioners as well as others so that, in time, they can become mentors in their own right [Kleinman et al., 2001]. We summarize the key past findings from selected studies including a discussion of the four stages of mentoring: initiation and cultivation (nurturing), followed by separation and re-definition (transition). We also discuss alignment strategies for nurturing as well as transitioning in the context of viable mentor-protege relationships and point to directions for future research.
Balamuthia mandrillaris Encephalitis in a Child: Case Report and Literature Review

Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis is a rare disease with high mortality in the children. Due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and neuroimaging, the diagnosis of the disease is difficult, especially the diagnosis of etiology. Currently, the evidence shows that the diagnosis of the disease depends on local brain biopsy or autopsy, and it is difficult to detect the pathogens by traditional etiological detection methods in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. We report a 9-year-old Chinese girl with B. mandrillaris encephalitis who was diagnosed with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The technology of mNGS can provide rapid, early etiological diagnosis without the need for a local brain biopsy, which can buy time for the early treatment of patients. We also provide a comprehensive literature review on this disease.
P-glycoprotein Substrate Assessment in Drug Discovery: Application of Modeling to Bridge Differential Protein Expression Across In Vitro Tools.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux assay is an integral part of discovery screening, especially for drugs requiring brain penetration as P-gp efflux ratio (ER) inversely correlates with brain exposure. However, significant variability in P-gp ER generated across cell lines can lead to misclassification of a P-gp substrate and subsequently disconnect with brain exposure data. We hypothesized that the ER depends on P-gp protein expression level in the in vitro assay. Quantitative proteomics and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to characterize P-gp protein expression and localization in four recombinant cell lines, over-expressing human or mouse P-gp isoforms, followed by functional evaluation. Efflux data generated in each cell line was compared against available rodent brain distribution data. The results suggested that the cell line with highest P-gp expression (hMDCK-MDR1 sourced from NIH) led to greatest dynamic range for efflux; thus, proving to be the most sensitive model to predict brain penetration. Cell lines with lower P-gp expression exhibited the greatest tendency for compound-dependent in vitro efflux saturation leading to false negative results. Ultimately, P-gp kinetics were characterized using a compartmental model to generate system-independent parameters to resolve such discrepancy. This study highlights the need for careful choice of well characterized P-gp in vitro tools and utility of modeling techniques to enable appropriate interpretation of the data.
I'm Going to Learn What?!?: Teaching Artificial Intelligence to Freshmen in an Introductory Computer Science Course

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more widely utilized, there is a need for non-computer scientists to understand 1) how the technology works, and 2) how it can impact their lives. Currently, however, computer science educators have been reluctant to teach AI to non-majors out of concern that the topic is too advanced. To fill this gap, we propose an AI and machine learning (ML) curriculum that is specifically designed for first-year students. In this paper, we describe our curriculum and show how it covers four key content areas: core concepts, implementation details, limitations, and ethical considerations. We then share our experiences teaching our new curriculum to 174 randomly-selected Freshman students. Our results show that non-computer scientists can comprehend AI/ML concepts without being overwhelmed by the subject material. Specifically, we show that students can design, code, and deploy their own intelligent agents to solve problems, and that they understand the importance and value of learning about AI in a general-education course.
Development of ANN model for surface roughness prediction of parts produced by varying fabrication parameters

Selective laser melting (SLM) is the most common additive manufacturing technique designed to fabricate functional parts with high accuracy. Depending on the desired properties, the process parameters for a given material need to be optimized for improving the overall reliability of the SLM devices. As all the process parameters are inter-dependent on each other, it is important to find an optimum value to suit the requirement and render the best build quality. This work primarily focuses on the effect of various process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on the roughness of Inconel 718 parts fabricated on an EOS M290 machine. Statistical models of surface roughness are established to identify the relationship between the abovementioned process parameters. The capabilities developed in this study will permit a deep understanding of the process- property relationships in structural SLM components.
Entrepreneurial Social Identity Management Through Language Use

This study draws upon interview data and a grounded theoretical methodology to explore entrepreneurial social identity management. Interviews were conducted with forty-three entrepreneurs in severa...
Here’s Hoping It’s not Just Text Structure: The Role of Emotions in Knowledge Revision and the Backfire Effect

Refutation texts are designed to facilitate the revision of inaccurate knowledge; however, studies have documented backfire effects wherein respondents become less accurate when exposed to a factua...
A conserved strategy for structure change and energy transduction in Hsp104 and other AAA+ protein motors

The superfamily of massively large AAA+ protein molecular machines functions to convert the chemical energy of cytosolic ATP into physicomechanical form and use it to perform an extraordinary number of physical operations on proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane systems. Cryo-EM studies now reveal some aspects of substrate handling at high resolution, but the broader interpretation of AAA+ functional properties is still opaque. This paper integrates recent hydrogen exchange results for the typical AAA+ protein Hsp104 with prior information on several near and distantly related others. The analysis points to a widely conserved functional strategy. Hsp104 cycles through a long-lived loosely-structured energy-input "open" state that releases spent ADP and rebinds cytosolic ATP. ATP-binding energy is transduced by allosteric structure change to poise the protein at a high energy level in a more tightly structured "closed" state. The briefly occupied energy-output closed state binds substrate strongly and is catalytically active. ATP hydrolysis permits energetically downhill structural relaxation, which is coupled to drive energy-requiring substrate processing. Other AAA+ proteins appear to cycle through states that are analogous functionally if not in structural detail. These results revise the current model for AAA+ function, explain the structural basis of single-molecule optical tweezer kinetic phases, identify the separate energetic roles of ATP binding and hydrolysis, and specify a sequence of structural and energetic events that carry AAA+ proteins unidirectionally around a functional cycle to propel their diverse physical tasks.
Salt-driven fluid venting chimneys at the base of the Sigsbee Escarpment, northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract We discovered a large field of cylindrically-shaped sediment chimneys at the seafloor along the flank of Farnella Canyon (water depth ∼2775 m) at the base of the Sigsbee Escarpment in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The chimneys are about 10 cm in diameter with 1 cm wide axial cavities; they rise about 0.5–1 m above the seafloor and continue down into the seabed. Their composition and fabric were characterized using X-ray diffraction, carbonate content, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, and scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis. Seismic profiles and bathymetric data from the location were analyzed to seek links between the chimneys and seabed geological structures. Results indicate that the vented liquids were warm seawater with brine and there is no evidence of hydrocarbons. These chimneys are residual sediment-filled fluid-escape conduits formed in the seabed from hemipelagic sediments that were locally consolidated by the pressure of fluid moving upward through the seabed in adjacent conduits and bound together by iron oxide and amorphous silica precipitates, as well as authigenic dolomite. The chimneys were subsequently exposed at the seafloor when bottom currents eroded the surrounding seabed. Concentric and crosscut bands evident in chimney cross sections indicate venting occurred episodically (venting is not currently active). The chimney field is situated at the toe of the Jurassic salt massif that extends beneath much of the continental slope. Salt movement created a pressure gradient within the seabed, directing porewater flow toward the base of the slope where the chimneys occur; thus, venting most likely occurred during times of salt mobility and shortly thereafter.
NASA Subsonic Rotary Wing Project-Multidisciplinary Analysis and Technology Development: Overview

This slide presentation reviews the objectives of the Multidisciplinary Analysis and Technology Development (MDATD) in the Subsonic Rotary Wing project. The objectives are to integrate technologies and analyses to enable advanced rotorcraft and provide a roadmap to guide Level 1 and 2 research. The MDATD objectives will be met by conducting assessments of advanced technology benefits, developing new or enhanced design tools, and integrating Level 2 discipline technologies to develop and enable system-level analyses and demonstrations.
Positive emotions and passionate leisure involvement

Music is commonly linked to moments of remembrance, joy, celebration and bonding. This paper explores how middle-aged participants in a music scene use the various aspects of their involvement to create and store positive emotions cultivated through music appreciation, friendship building and maintenance, and shared moments of ecstasy and catharsis. Due to the prevalence of significant life events and transitions in this age cohort (relationship, career and health changes), isolating how people use their involvement in leisure activities can be integral to learning how people build and maintain a high quality of life, as well as how they draw on those positive associations to cope with potential hardships that may arise.
Value Creation and Process Management: Evidence from Retail Banking

The design and implementation of service delivery processes plays a key role in the overall competitiveness of modem organizations. For example,Roth and Jackson (1995) provide clear evidence that process capability and execution are major drivers of performance due to their impact on customer satisfaction and service quality in banking. Thus, any study of the efficiency of service organizations must focus on the role of process design and performance.
Isolation and Characterization of the Tryptic and Cyanogen Bromide Peptides of ApoLp-Gln-II (ApoA-II), a Plasma High Density Apolipoprotein

Abstract ApoLp-Gln-II (or apoA-II), one of the two major apolipoprotein components of human plasma high density lipoproteins, was subjected to enzymatic and nonenzymatic digestion with trypsin and cyanogen bromide. The individual peptides were isolated to homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Cm-Sephadex, Sephadex G-100, Sephadex G-75, preparative thin layer plates, and by peptide mapping. Isolated peptides were assayed for purity by amino acid analysis, thin layer chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Edman NH2-terminal analysis. Cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by reduction and S-carboxymethylation produced two peptides, C-III and C-IV, of 51 and 26 residues, respectively. The smaller peptide (C-IV) contained homoserine and homoserine lactone and had NH2-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. It was the NH2-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide. This peptide contained the single S-carboxymethylcysteine residue. C-III was the COOH-terminal peptide. It contained COOH-terminal glutamine and a penultimate threonine residue. Tryptic digestion of reduced and alkylated apoLp-Gln-II yielded eight major tryptic peptides (T-I-1, T-I-2, T-I-3, T-III, T-IV, T-VI-1, T-VII, and T-VIII) and seven additional tryptic peptides which either contained or were contained in two or more of the eight major peptides. Only single unique NH2-terminal (T-I-2), COOH-terminal (T-VII), S-carboxymethylcysteine-containing (T-VIII), methionine-containing (T-VI-1), and isoleucine-containing (T-I-3) peptides were found. The combined compositions of the tryptic or cyanogen bromide peptides were equal to the composition of S-carboxymethyl-apoLp-Gln-II. These results confirm previous observations from this laboratory on intact and reduced and alkylated apoLp-Gln-II and support the concept that the molecule is composed of two identical chains of 77 residues each linked by a disulfide bond. The data available allow a partial alignment of these peptides and indicate that the disulfide bridge is in the NH2-terminal one-third of the molecule. The first three tryptic peptides in the sequence are T-I-2, T-VIII, and T-VI-1. T-VII is the COOH-terminal tryptic peptide. These assignments have been confirmed by manual and automated Edman degradations of the isolated tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides performed in parallel with the present studies and published elsewhere (Brewer, H. B., Jr., Lux, S. E., Ronan, R., and John, K. M. (1972) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 1304–1308).
Growth and properties of HgTe quantum wells –A topic review

The properties of HgTe/Hg1−x Cdx Te superlattices (SLs) and quantum wells, (QWs), are of fundamental interest; SLs are potentially useful for infrared opto-electronic applications and QWs have aroused much interest due to recent evidence that they are topological insulators with dissipation less transport in edge states in the absence of a magnetic field. Depending on the HgTe thickness , the band structure has either the normal sequence of quantum well states or an inverted one when nm, in which the electron E1 subband is a valence subband and lies below the heavy hole H1 subband. This has been shown to lead to a very large Rashba spin–orbit (s–o) splitting of up to meV in HgTe/Hg1−x Cdx Te QWs with an inverted band structure. This as well as other transport results will be presented. These properties of the HgTe/Hg1−x Cdx Te QW, large s–o splitting and an inverted band structure, have recently been shown to result in the quantum spin Hall effect. In the quantum spin Hall effect, carriers with opposite spin move in opposite directions on a given edge in an insulator in the absence of a magnetic field. Convincing evidence for non-local edge channel transport in HgTe based QWs has been recently published. The results demonstrate that quantum transport through helical edge channels is dissipation less at zero magnetic field and agree quantitatively with the theory of the quantum spin Hall effect. Images of current in the edge channels by means of scanning gate microscopy have revealed well localized scattering sites which perturb the quantum spin Hall edge states on a sub-micrometer scale. In the micrometer sized regions between the scattering sites, current appeared to propagate unperturbed Recently, images of edge channels in HgTe QWs in the quantum spin Hall regime have been obtained by means of their magnetic fields with a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The edge channels were observed to dominate transport in devices with edges much longer than the scattering length, and to persist even in the presence of bulk conduction.
Verisimilitude in National Security Cases

The presence of classified information makes criminal trials far more difficult, particularly for defendants who may be unable to see the evidence against them. This article does two things. First, it looks at how information is released under the Special Advocate system as well as the Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA) and the criticisms these systems have faced. Second, it proposes a modified form of releasing information which is intended to increase the strength of the adversarial process without incurring additional security risks. This concept, referred to as source/method modified information, functions on the concept of verisimilitude – the idea that some things may be closer to truth than others. I argue that this can be used in conjunction with existing processes and that its use would be beneficial to defendants, the government, and the public.
Potentials as Solutions of Laplace’s Equation; Electrostatics

The fundamental law of electrostatics was discovered by Couloumb1, and states that the force between two small charged bodies is proportional in magnitude to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart, $$F = c{{^e{1^e}2} \over {{r^2}}},$$ the force being one of repulsion or attraction according as the charges are of the same or opposite kinds.
Formation of Sindbis Virus Proteins: Identification of a Precursor for One of the Envelope Proteins

Exposure of Sindbis virus-infected chicken embryo cells to a short pulse of radioactive amino acids revealed the formation of primarily three proteins: the nucleocapsid (C) of the virus, one of the viral envelope proteins (E1), and a glycoprotein that did not appear in the virion. This third protein (PE2) has now been identified as a precursor of the other viral envelope protein (E2) on the basis of two observations: (i) the simultaneous disappearance of radioactive PE2 and appearance of labeled E2 in pulse-chase experiments, and (ii) the identity of 14 C-arginine tryptic peptides in fingerprints of the two proteins. The nucleocapsid was the most heavily labeled protein in the cell and appeared in the virus during the short pulse. The two 14 C-labeled envelope proteins, although having different kinetics of labeling in the cell, appeared simultaneously in the virus only after the chase. Addition of pactamycin, a drug inhibiting initiation of protein synthesis, preferentially inhibited the formation of capsid protein Assuming that Sindbis virus proteins are formed initially as a single polypeptide, our studies locate the nucleocapsid at the amino-terminal end of the polypeptide chain. Images
Antitrust Law: Tying and Exclusive Dealing

INTRODUCTION Tying occurs when a seller of a product conditions the sale of the product on the buyer's agreement to purchase some other product. For example, the seller of a copying machine (tying product) conditions the sale of the machine on the buyer's agreement to buy all of the copying paper (tied product) from the seller of the machine. It should be clear that coercive tying requires market power . One of a dozen grocery stores in a community could not force consumers to purchase a pound of flour with every box of toothpicks. Anticompetitive Theory of Tying and Chicago School Critique What's wrong with tying? The thought that has informed antitrust attacks is the leverage theory; that is, the notion that a firm with monopoly power in one market can expand its power into another market. The potential harm to consumers, under this theory, results because the seller of the tying product extends monopoly power in the tying product into the market for the tied product. We have seen that the leverage argument is not airtight (see Chapter 10). Consider, for example, the argument that the Otter Tail Power Company leveraged its monopoly of transmission lines by forcing consumers to buy power from it as well. With low contracting costs, Otter Tail could have collected a monopoly rent by charging a sufficiently high “wheeling fee” (the rental fee charged by an owner of a power line to a power supplier).
Public-Private Partnership Projects in Infrastructure: The Contractual Structure

As discussed in Chapter 1, PPP structures are ultimately flexible. Instead of endeavoring to dissect contractual structures and risk allocation for every possible PPP structure, this chapter will use the example of a project-financed BOT project to show how risk can be managed in the context of PPP. Project-financed BOTs are highly structured, risk-sensitive projects and therefore present a convenient opportunity for a discussion of key issues that arise in any PPP project. The BOT project places the responsibility for financing, constructing, and operating the project on the private sector. The host country grants a concession to the private company to build and operate the facility over a period of time. The private company then uses the revenue from the operation of the facility to service debt and provide the investors with a return. Where the host country is also the offtake purchaser, the project is likely to be treated as payment for a service rather than financing of infrastructure. This can keep the project debt from being counted against the country's debt ratios or public sector borrowing requirements. Key Messages for Policy Makers ✓ Stability is the goal . Prepare for every eventuality but realize it is impossible to anticipate every one of them. ✓ Ensure a practical fallback position that protects consumers . Make sure that if all else fails, the public is in the position to take the infrastructure and services back quickly to ensure continuity. ✓ Keep the revenue stream as certain, foreseeable, and ring fenced as possible – it is the lifeblood of the project. […]
Sexual Harassments: Criteria for difining hostile enviorment

Sexual harassment in the workplace continues to be one of the most controversial and complex legal and ethical issues facing empolyers. The U.S. Supreme Court's June 1986 decisiion inMeitor Savings Bank v. Vinson, which applied Title VII of the Civil Reights Act to situations involving sexual harassment, is discussed. The Court's definition of hostile environment is reviwed, and federal court cases interpreting the Supreme Court's pronousncements are examined. The cases provide guidance on the kinds of situations that result in employer liability for sexual harassment. A primanry conclusion is that employers may easily avoid liability by exercising learned judgment and sound management practices.
Determination of Particle Size Distribution in Concentrated Suspensions: Photon Migration Approach

We demonstrate a new approach for determining particle size distribution in concentrated suspensions from spectral measurement of isotropic scattering coefficients using steady-state, continuous-wave photon migration techniques. Successful recovery of particle size distribution for TiO2 suspensions in the form of a lognormal function is achieved through a regularized inverse algorithm, in which a synthesized scheme of Marquardt and Tikhonov regularizations has been incorporated. Our results for dense TiO2 suspensions with three different particle concentrations are in excellent agreement with the size distribution measured with x-ray sedimentation.
Action of cathepsins C and D in protein hydrolysis.

Abstract 1. 1. Partially purified cathepsin D (EC 3.4.4.23) and cathepsin C (EC 3.4.4.9) were used in combination with activator and inhibitor to investigate the hydrolysis of hemoglobin. 2. 2. In the presence of iodoacetamide, which inhibits cathepsin C, acid-denatured hemoglobin was only slightly hydrolyzed, owing to the action of cathepsin D. 3. 3. In the presence of Cleland's reagent, which activates cathepsin C, acid denatured hemoglobin was extensively hydrolyzed. 4. 4. From the chromatographic analysis of hydrolysis products, it was shown that cathepsin C increased the extent of proteolysis over that obtained with cathepsin D alone. Oligopeptides produced by prior action of cathepsin D were degraded by cathepsin C to smaller oligopeptides, dipeptides, and free amino acids.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE NINHYDRIN-POSITIVE SUBSTANCES IN HUMAN URINE.

Abstract The usefulness and routine capabilities of a commercially available semiautomatic amino acid analyzer in the study of the ninhydrin-positive components of urine are described. Some eighty such components can be demonstrated in a 0.001 aliquot of normal adult 24-h urine. The elution behavior of some known compounds with this apparatus is illustrated.
Stripes or an anisotropic Wigner crystal in the N = 2 Landau level?

Abstract Ettouhami et al. have proposed, based on self-consistent Hartree–Fock theory, that the ground state in the N =2 Landau-level near half-filling is a highly anisotropic Wigner crystal. This is in apparent disagreement with other mean field approaches and a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculation that suggest a stripe state that is translationally invariant in 1 direction. The results of direct diagonalization and DMRG are presented to reexamine this issue. The most straightforward interpretation of the results is that the ground state is striped.
Continuity and Change in Attitudes Toward Abortion: Poland and the United States

In this study, we seek to describe and explain changes in mass abortion attitudes in Poland and the United States. Both countries exhibit modest, but significant, declines in support for legal abortion during the 1990s and early years of the twenty-first century. When compositional, structural, and period effects are estimated separately, both countries exhibit strong pro-life period effects beginning in the late 1990s. In Poland, compositional effects exert pro-choice pressure but are counteracted by strong pro-life structural effects. By contrast, compositional effects in the United States are rather weak, but strong pro-choice structural effects are offset by pro-life period effects. The latter result is attributed to strategic framing of the abortion issue by pro-life elites.A version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, September 2004. Thanks are due David Damore, Kenneth Fernandez, Sheila Lambert, Jonathan Strand, Matthew Wetstein, and Melanie Young for valuable comments and assistance.
A novel t(1;8)(p13;p11) in a thymic carcinoma with unusual giant cell features and renal metastasis

Cytogenetic analysis of a thymic carcinoma metastatic to the left kidney revealed the presence of a t(1;8)(p13;p11). In addition to a previously undescribed translocation, this tumor histologically showed unusual giant cell features.
Delivering capacity for the mobile internet by stitching together networks

Despite of findings that only 5.2% of the spectrum from 30 MHz to 3 GHz is utilized, there is much talk of an impending spectrum crisis. This is no contradiction - spectrum is inefficiently utilized, with some part of the spectrum being heavily used while others barely used. In this paper, we explore a simple high-level approach to the problem: to enable user mobility across networks and exploit all the capacity available. By doing so, we can create a better mobile network by stitching together existing ones spanning multiple wireless technologies. We briefly outline our exploratory foray into radio agnostic handover and discuss the various challenges ahead.
Thermal Design for Probe Transformation of Phase Change Vias

Thermal cycling of chalcogenide materials (Ge2 Sb2 Te5 or GeSb for example) causes switching between two electrical resistance levels in the materials. This is the basis of PC memory, and offers the possibility of use for programmable signal switching in electronic systems as well. Here we propose a design for connection topology, using dual tip AFM-type probes. The design subdivides a single phase change via into a parallel array of three-terminal sub-vias which are well-suited to addressing with probes. This sub-division reduces required power and current to acceptable levels. Experimental inputs to the model were extracted from two sources. First, current levels were limited to levels that have previously been shown possible to deliver with AFM tips. Secondly, measurements of PC resistance as a function of cooling time were used to determine required heat sinking of the sub-via structures.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Lovastatin inhibits bone marrow-derived dendritic cell maturation and upregulates proinflammatory cytokine production

Abstract Statins are a group of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are most effective as lipid lowering agents, and are currently extensively used clinically. Recently, it was also shown that statins affect the immune response. We investigated the effects of lovastatin on the maturation and functional changes of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DC). Lovastatin inhibited MHC class II and CD40 expression on DC in a dose-dependent manner, but had lesser effects on CD16, CD80, CD86, and CD11b expression. Nuclear extracts of lovastatin treated DC had decreased NF-κB DNA binding activity. Although antigen capture capacity of DC was not affected by lovastatin, the T-cell stimulatory activity of DC was inhibited. Lovastatin up-regulated DC pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS as measured by intracellular cytokine staining, ELISA and cDNA microarrays. Mevalonate, added in vitro, prevented these effects. These results indicate that lovastatin may inhibit BM-DC maturation and up-regulate cytokine production through a mevalonate dependent pathway, and may cause adverse effects on either innate or adaptive immunity.
Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders

As is true for its predecessors, the recently published DSM-5 uses arbitrary criteria and cutoffs to define categories of mental disorders that are of questionable validity and that provide no guidance for treatment. Recently, the NIMH introduced an alternative classification system, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Both the DSM-5 and the RDoC initiative make the strong assumption that psychological problems are expressions of specific latent disease entities. In contrast, the complex causal network approach conceptualizes psychological problems as mutually interacting, often reciprocally reinforcing, elements of a complex causal network. The cognitive behavioral model offers a classification framework that is compatible with the complex causal network approach and provides a treatment-relevant alternative to the latent disease model that is the basis for the DSM-5 and the RDoC initiative.
Irradiiaton-Induced Defect Self-Organizatoin

Experiments show that vacancies in a solid may coalesce into voids and self-organize into a super-lattice. The voids have diameters around 10 nm and spacing of tens of nanometers. This paper develops a thermodynamic model to explain and simulate the remarkable phenomena. We incorporate free energy of mixing, interface energy and elasticity into a continuous phase field model. It is well known that the total interface energy reduces when the voids grow larger. Simulations show that elastic anisotropy may limit the coarsening. Starting from randomly distributed vacancies, the process of coalescence and void lattice formation demonstrates rich dynamics. Long-range elastic interaction and elastic anisotropy are found to play a significant role that determines the self-assembled super-lattice.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Side-Loop Polymers Based on the Hydrosilylation of Polybutadiene

Hydrosilylation of hydride-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with polybutadiene in dilute solution yielded polysiloxane side-loops on a hydrocarbon base, a novel polymer architecture. When the ratio of silane to olefin was increased, the inherent viscosity of solutions dropped drastically, and polymer properties changed from tough rubbers to tacky materials. The results are rationalized on the basis of diminishing availability of olefin sites as the reaction proceeds. When one end of a difunctional silane attaches to an olefin site and no other olefin sites are available nearby, molecular motion eventually brings a remote olefin site in the molecule into proximity. Hydrosilylation then results in permanent ring folding. Subsequent hydrosilylations can then result in a dendrimer-like globular molecule. Contact angle measurements of side-loop adducts show temporal stability, indicating that the tendency of poly(dimethylsiloxane) side chains to migrate to or away from the surface, depending on the medium, is...
Low loss waveguide integration within a thin-SOI CMOS foundry

By requiring zero process changes and by complying with established electronic circuit design rules, photonic devices formed with 3dB/cm waveguides were fabricated alongside transistors achieving 4ps stage delay in a 45nm thin-SOI CMOS foundry.
Conflictive sustainability landscapes: the neoliberal quagmire of urban environmental planning in Buenos Aires

This article examines a local, state-led attempt in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to conceptualise and implement a programme resembling priorities in recent scholarship on sustainable development that integrates a justice imperative, which encompasses environmental, sociopolitical, and economic concerns. In a context of transnationally circulating paradigms where the discourse on sustainable development has become hegemonic and coupled with neoliberal orientations in policy, the effort to enact the Urban Environmental Plan in Buenos Aires faces challenges of prioritisation among conflicting goals. The focus is on how planning revolves around three neoliberal keywords implicated in sustainable development – sustainability, participation, and competitiveness – and the way these lead to the projection of incompatible material-symbolic landscapes, as examined in the redevelopmental site of Puerto Madero, a focal node of the Urban Environmental Plan in the Argentine capital where many of its projects converge.
What happens at the end of the outsourcing contract

The concepts of outsourcing and right sourcing are given great consideration in higher education. I will cite some reasons for outsourcing and some of the reasons for why it does not live up to its expectations. I will look at the history of one institution that decided to abandon its outsourcing decision. I will examine the consequences of the decision to move from an outsourced IT provider to an in-house staff. The primary conclusion is: we should prepare the exit strategy for outsourcing at the time of contract negotiation.
Thermal expansion measurements using neutron diffraction of Bi2CaSr2Cu2Ox

Abstract The differential thermal expansion of Bi 2 CaSr 2 Cu 2 O x , Bi-(2122), has been measured using high-temperature neutron powder diffraction in air, 0.980% oxygen in nitrogen, and pure argon. Thermal expansion in the c -axis direction is greater by a factor of about 1.4 than that in either the a - or b -axis direction for all sample environments. The neutron results for Bi-(2122) in air are compared with results from similar X-ray powder diffraction measurements.
Exploiting quantum and classical noise for securing high-speed optical communication networks (Invited Paper)

We will describe keyed communication in quantum noise (KCQ) and how it can be used for either data encryption or key generation. Specifically, we will focus on the AlphaEta protocol for data encryption where the role of quantum noise will be discussed. Additionally, the potential of using classical noise to enhance security via deliberate signal randomization (DSR) will be investigated. We will also investigate the effect of unwanted impairments, such as nonlinearities in a wavelength-division-multiplexed fiber transmission system, and how they affect the ultimate allowable propagation distance. Our simulations and experiments suggest that AlphaEta-protocol based physical-layer encryption is compatible with long-haul optical transmission systems operating at Gb/s data rates.
Control and coordination of multi-robot teams

The last few years have seen significant progress in our understanding of how one should structure multi-robot systems. New control, coordination, and communication strategies have emerged and, in this talk, we discuss some of these developments. In particular, we will show how one can go from global, geometric, team-level specifications to local coordination rules for achieving and maintaining formations, area coverage, and swarming behaviors. One aspect of this concerns how users can interact with networks of mobile robots in order to inject new, global information and objectives. We will also investigate what global objectives are fundamentally implementable in a distributed manner on a collection of spatially distributed and locally interacting agents.
Grain-Size-Dependent Thermal Transport Properties in Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia

Understanding the role of grain boundaries in controlling heat flow is critical to the success of many envisioned applications of nanocrystalline materials. This study focuses on the effect of grain boundaries on thermal transport behavior in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A strong grain-size-dependent reduction in thermal conductivity is observed at all temperatures from 6-480 K. The behavior is due primarily to the effect of interfacial (Kapitza) resistance on thermal transport. In response to the application of heat to a material, interfacial resistance results in a small temperature discontinuity at every grain boundary, an effective that is magnified in nanocrystalline materials because of the large number of grain boundaries. The observed behavior in YSZ is compared with predictions derived from a diffuse-mismatch model. Implications for the possible development of improved thermal barriers based on nano-layered structures with large interfacial thermal resistance are discussed.
Photochemical reactivities of common solvents: comparison between urban and regional domains

Abstract Solvents are one of the most abundant sources of anthropogenic VOCs in the atmosphere, and can comprise a large number of organic compounds having different impacts on the rate and amount of ozone formation. A three-dimensional photochemical air quality model has been used to study the relative impacts of eight solvents, acetone, ethane, ethanol, isobutane, m -xylene, tertiary butyl acetate (TBA), para-chlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) and benzotrifluoride (BTF) in three very different domains: Los Angeles, an urban area with high ozone and NO x levels; the Swiss Plateau, a more regional domain with much lower ozone and NO x levels: and Mexico City, a very high VOC urban area with high ozone levels. The results show that there can be a wide range of VOC reactivities under variable environmental conditions. Variability also exists between metrics, which are used to quantify reactivity. In most cases, halogenated aromatics were the least reactive and isobutane and m -xylene the most. The results here, finding that normalized reactivities are less variable than the absolute reactivity, support the applicability of relative VOC reactivity scales for use in air quality management.
Dislocation Dynamics in Semiconductor Thin Film-Substrate Systems

A discrete dislocation dynamics model is developed to establish the equations of motion for three-dimensional interacting dislocation loops in the semiconductor thin film–substrate system. The film is assumed to be an elastic layer and is perfectly bonded with another elastic substrate. Dislocation loops are discretized into segments, each of which is represented by a parametric space curve of specific shape functions and associated degree of freedom. The dislocation stress field is calculated as an essential ingredient in the dislocation dynamics method. Dislocation dynamics and interaction with film surface/interface are simulated.
Environmental Measures of Physical Activity Supports Perception Versus Reality

Abstract Background Perceptions of the environment and physical activity have been associated using survey methods, yet little is known about the validity of environmental surveys. In this study, perceptions of the environment at neighborhood and community levels were assessed (1) to determine validity by comparing respondent perceptions to objective measures and (2) to determine test–retest reliability of the survey. Methods A telephone survey was administered to a stratified sample of Sumter County, South Carolina adults. Respondents' home addresses were mapped using a geographic information system (GIS) ( n =1112). As an indicator of validity, kappa statistics were used to measure agreement between perceptions and objective measures identified at neighborhood and community levels using GIS. A second survey in an independent sample ( n =408) assessed test–retest reliability. Results When assessing perceptions of environmental and physical activity in a defined geographic area, validity and reliability for neighborhood survey items were κ=−0.02 to 0.37 and rho=0.42 to 0.74, and for community survey items were κ=−0.07 to 0.25 and rho=0.28 to 0.56. Conclusions Although causality between perception of access and safety and actual physical activity level cannot be assumed, those meeting national physical activity guidelines or reporting some physical activity demonstrated greatest agreement with access to recreation facilities, while those not meeting the guidelines demonstrated greater agreement with safety of recreation facilities. Factors such as distance and behavior may explain differences in perceptions at neighborhood and community levels. Using local environments with short distances in survey methods improves validity and reliability of results.
Detecting Scale Recalibration in Survey Research: A Laboratory Investigation

The accurate detection of scale recalibration is an issue that should not be ignored by organizational researchers and practitioners concerned with the accurate assessment of change interventions. In an effort to more effectively operationalize one methodology that is designed to detect scale recalibration (using ideal scales), three research questions were developed and investigated in a laboratory study utilizing videotape technology. It was concluded that ideal scale methodology can be used to accurately detect the presence of scale recalibration in survey research data. The implications of these findings for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.