cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamental kinematical relationships for single-track vehicles

Summary Kinematical considerations play an important role in the dynamic analysis of single-track vehicles. This paper deals with kinematical questions that must be faced in the course of every such analysis. A mathematical model is constructed; equations applicable whenever both wheels are in rolling contact with a plane supporting surface are developed; steady turning is analyzed; and results are discussed in detail.
Effect of Dysprosia Additive on the Consolidation of CeO2 by Spark Plasma Sintering

The influence of dysprosia addition on the sintering and resulting microstructure of nano-grained CeO2 ceramics was investigated as functions of the spark plasma sintering parameters. The addition of Dy2O3 (forming a solid solution) resulted in an increase in relative density and a decrease in grain size in sintered samples. The relative density of samples with Dy2O3 content of 6 and 10 mol% was over 95% when sintered at 1050°C under 500 MPa for holding times as short as 5 min. The application of high pressure facilitated the consolidation to relatively high densities with minimal grain growth. Heating rate and holding time, however, had insignificant effect on density but a measurable effect on grain size.
Affective Variables Related to Mathematics Achievement among High-Risk College Freshmen

This study explored the relations between affective variables—anxiety about mathematics or confidence, effectance motivation, perceptions of mathematics as a male domain, attitude toward success in mathematics, and students' perceptions of their parents' attitudes toward their children as learners of mathematics—and performance in a first-quarter developmental studies algebra course. The affective variables together accounted for 34% of the variance in first-quarter mathematics grades. Anxiety was the only attitudinal variable that made a significant contribution to the proportion of variance for the total group and for the 38 women. For the 20 men both anxiety and attitude toward success contributed significantly to first-quarter mathematics grades.
Retention divergence of terpenes with porous graphitized carbon and C18 stationary phases

The significant divergence between the retention of 16 terpene standards on porous graphitized carbon (PGC) and C18 packing materials are illustrated. The PGC surface is shown to provide a selectivity toward shape, polarity, and structure that is not afforded by the C18 surface. This observation is illustrated by plots of the retention factors similar to those typically used to represent 2D-HPLC separations. A geometric approach to factor analysis was used to measure the separation divergence together with the selectivity and the product selectivity factors of closely related species. When a methanol mobile phase was used with the PGC surface, a large fraction of the separation space could be utilized. That is further reflected by a spreading angle of 80.3°. The PGC material was also successful at resolving structural isomers where the C18 phase was not. It was also found that the choice of the mobile phase is important when using this material. A much larger degree of space utilization was seen with methanol than with acetonitrile that displayed a spreading angle of only 40.8°.
Estimating Farm Tractor Depreciation: Tax Implications

Data on secondhand farm tractor prices are used to estimate farm tractor depreciation. Our estimation results indicate that depreciation of farm tractors may be approximated by an 8.3% annual rate, which is lower than most previous estimates and the depreciation allowed by the current tax laws. Our estimated rate suggests that over 50% of the asset's value remains at the end of its seven-year U.S. tax life. Canadian tax law employs a 30% depreciation rate, thus leaving 10% of the asset's value remaining after seven years. We find no support for the hypothesis that depreciation patterns vary over time or across different tractor vintages. Technical growth is evidenced, although the hypothesis of exponential technical change is rejected. A quality-constant tractor price index generated from our estimate indicates that normal increases in tractor prices have averaged 4.9% between 1960 and 1988, whereas the Canadian tractor replacement index and the U.S. Producer Price Index for tractors averaged 5.5% and 6.5%, respectively. Such a disparity may reflect the indexes lack of full adjustment for quality changes. Une base de donnees des prix de tracteurs d'occasion est utilisee pour estimer la depreciation des tracteurs agricoles. Les resultats de notre estimation suggerent que le taux de depreciation exponentielle des tracteurs agricoles est de 8.3 %. Ce taux est inferieur a ceux trouves par plusieurs etudes precedentes, de meme que le taux courant autorise par la loi. Un taux de depreciation de 8.3 % signifie que plus de 50 % de la valeur du capital est recuperable a la fin de la vie du bien, tel que specifie par la loi en vigueur. La croissance technique est mise en evidence meme si l'hypothese du changement technique exponentielle est rejetee. Les donnees ne soutiennent pas l'hypothese que les flux de depreciation varient avec le temps ou selon les differents modeles de tracteurs. L'indice de prix des tracteurs de qualitye constante genere par notre estimation indique que l'indice de prix des tracteurs actuellement utilise pourrait sur-estimer le changement du prix et ce, probable-ment a cause d'un mauvais ajustement de la qualitye.
Basic Micro-Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) obstacles avoidance using monocular computer vision

Micro-Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) have gained significant attention lately due to their size advantage. However, there is a drawback of MAVs — its limited payload and size don't allow adding extensive sensors. That explains why incorporating computer vision is of great significance to MAVs. One of the problems that computer-vision-driven MAVs need to overcome is obstacle avoidance, which is very important for autonomie vehicles especially for aerial vehicles as they are more vulnerable to collision compared to ground vehicles. Over the last ten years, several obstacle detection algorithms have been developed to create collision-free maneuver for MAVs. Most of them have promising results inside virtual environment; however, they fail miserably during actual flight tests. In this project, we will investigate the real-life issues affecting obstacle avoidance for MAVs and carry out the project on a physical drone. We take into consideration the limitations of the platform and derive our own obstacle avoidance algorithm by combining several existing ones. Effectiveness of the algorithm will be demonstrated through experimental results on the physical drone.
Patterns of Spending Behavior and the Relative Position in the Income Distribution: Some Empirical Evidence

A model integrating the permanent income and relative income hypotheses was employed to explain consumer expenditure behavior in the U.S. The model was empirically tested using data from the interview survey portion of the 1996 and 1997 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The results indicate that household expenditure behavior is generally explained by both hypotheses when integrated in one model.
Mixed Research in Counseling: Trends in the Literature

The results of a content analysis of the articles published in the leading counseling journal, Journal of Counseling & Development, between 2002 and 2010 are presented. The authors present a brief ...
The great New Madrid, Missouri (U.S.A.) Earthquake of 1811–1812

The series of earthquakes that occurred along the New Madrid Fault System in 1811 and 1812 probably was as large as any earthquakes that ever occurred in eastern North America. The magnitude of each of the four major shocks exceeded M2 = 8.4, and the effects of these shocks were felt with a Modified Mercalli Intensity V or greater over approximately 2.5 million km2. Because the epicenters were located in a sparsely settled region of the American frontier, there was little loss of life or damage. However, eyewitness accounts of those who lived through the shocks have provided striking accounts of the high levels of ground motion the region experienced. Thus, the historical record gives engineering geologists a good indication of the catastrophic damage that could result if earthquakes of similar magnitude would occur today.
Headache studies; statistical data. I. Procedure and sample distribution.

Abstract 1. 1. The incidence of headache of all types in 4,634 individuals was found to be 3,005 or 64.8 per cent. 2. 2. Persons with headache have a higher incidence of various respiratory symptoms. These figures were shown to be statistically significant. 3. 3. There is also a significantly higher familial history of allergy in these individuals. 4. 4. Only 18 per cent of headache sufferers seek medical aid specifically for this complaint. 5. 5. Pain in the frontal area constitutes the most frequent type of headache. 6. 6. Headache incidence is greater among females, younger adults, single people, educated individuals, executives, students, and professional groups. 7. 7. It is obvious therefore that there are several background factors to be considered in the management of headache. Proper recognition of the possible allergic basis may be very important, along with the handling of the mental, emotional, or occupational problems.
Smad3 is necessary for transforming growth factor-beta2 induced ocular hypertension in mice.

Abstract TGFβ2 induces extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and alters the cytoskeleton by both the canonical Smad and non-canonical signaling pathways. TGFβ2 regulates the expression of ECM proteins in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, increases intraocular pressure (IOP) in an ex vivo perfusion organ culture model, and induces ocular hypertension in rodent eyes. A necessary step in the canonical Smad signaling pathway is phosphorylation of receptor protein Smad3 by the TGF-β receptor complex. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TGFβ2 signals in vivo through the canonical Smad signaling pathway in the TM using Smad3 knockout (KO) mice. Ad5.hTGFβ2226/228 (2.5 × 107 pfu) was injected intravitreally into one eye of homozygous (WT), heterozygous (HET), and homozygous (KO) 129-Smad3tm1Par/J mice (n = 9–10 mice/group), with the uninjected contralateral eye serving as the control. IOP measurements were taken using a rebound tonometer. To test the effect of TGFβ2 signaling on the ECM, fibronectin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and qPCR analysis. Transduction of the TM with viral vector Ad5.hTGFβ2226/228 caused a statistically significant difference in IOP exposure between Smad3 genotypes: WT, 187.7 ± 23.9 mmHg*day (n = 9); HET, 95.6 ± 24.5 mmHg*day (n = 9); KO, 52.8 ± 25.2 mmHg*day (n = 10); (p
Enhancement of the emission intensity of fluorophore-labeled avidin by biotin and biotin derivatives. Evaluation of different fluorophores for improved sensitivity

Abstract Fluorescein, Texas Red, Cascade Blue, 7-amino-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, and Lucifer Yellow were evaluated as fluorescent labels for homogeneous fluorophore-linked binding assays. Conjugates of avidin with these fluorophores exhibited an enhancement in fluorescence emission in the presence of biotin or biotin derivatives. This property was used in the development of assays for biotin. The biotin-induced fluorescence enhancement of each labeled avidin were compared. Fluorescein led to the most sensitive calibration (dose—response) curve for biotin with a detection limit of 8 × 10−10M.
Search for a Visible Counterpart of the September 2,1972 Radio Outburst in Cygnus

FOLLOWING notification by P. C. Gregory of the discovery of the radio outburst in Cygnus, we attempted to detect a visible object at the radio position over 6 nights, at several wavelengths from the blue to the near infrared. Direct photographs were taken with the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt camera and measurements were made at the prime focus of the 200-inch telescope with a new integrating two-dimensional silicon vidicon photometer1. The relevant data are given in Table 1.
QTL analysis of trabecular bone in BXD F2 and RI mice.

A sample of 693 mice was used to identify regions of the mouse genome associated with trabecular bone architecture as measured using μCT. QTLs for bone in the proximal tibial metaphysis were identified on several chromosomes indicating regions containing genes that regulate properties of trabecular bone. Introduction: Age-related osteoporosis is a condition of major concern because of the morbidity and mortality associated with osteoporotic fractures in humans. Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone density, strength, and altered trabecular architecture, all of which are quantitative traits resulting from the actions of many genes working in concert with each other and the environment over the lifespan. μCT gives accurate measures of trabecular bone architecture providing phenotypic data related to bone volume and trabecular morphology. The primary objective of this research was to identify chromosomal regions called quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contain genes influencing trabecular architecture as measured by μCT. Materials and Methods: The study used crosses between C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) as progenitor strains of a second filial (F2) generation (n = 141 males and 148 females) and 23 BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains (n ≈ 9 of each sex per strain). The proximal tibial metaphyses of the 200-day-old mice were analyzed by μCT to assess phenotypic traits characterizing trabecular bone, including bone volume fraction, trabecular connectivity, and quantitative measures of trabecular orientation and anisotropy. Heritabilities were calculated and QTLs were identified using composite interval mapping. Results: A number of phenotypes were found to be highly heritable. Heritability values for measured phenotypes using RI strains ranged from 0.15 for degree of anisotropy in females to 0.51 for connectivity density in females and total volume in males. Significant and confirmed QTLs, with LOD scores ⩾4.3 in the F2 cohort and ⩾1.5 in the corresponding RI cohort were found on chromosomes 1 (43 cM), 5 (44 cM), 6 (20 cM), and 8 (49 cM). Other QTLs with LOD scores ranging from 2.8 to 6.9 in the F2 analyses were found on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 12. QTLs were identified using data sets comprised of both male and female quantitative traits, suggesting similar genetic action in both sexes, whereas others seemed to be associated exclusively with one sex or the other, suggesting the possibility of sex-dependent effects. Conclusions: Identification of the genes underlying these QTLs may lead to improvements in recognizing individuals most at risk for developing osteoporosis and in the design of new therapeutic interventions.
Maintaining the Status Quo: The Impact of Old-Age Interest Groups on the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988

The Medicare Catastrophic Care Act (MCAA) of 1988 (P.L. 100-360) was the first major expansion of Medicare since its inception in 1965. Just after the legislation passed, controversy erupted, leading to the eventual repeal of most parts of the act. Using two levels of analysis, a structural elite model and a pluralist politics model, this paper demonstrates how, contrary to dominant health policy formation theories, old-age interest groups influenced the policymaking process surrounding MCCA. The importance of the transformative capacity of policy structures is emphasized in arguing that the only structural change embodied in the legislation—a departure from the social insurance model of Medicare financing—was the catalyst for mobilizing financial interests among some old-age interest groups. This mobilization resulted in a cleavage between various old-age interests, and the eventual repeal of the legislation.
Influence of N on the electronic properties of GaAsN alloy films and heterostructures

We have investigated the effects of N on the electronic properties of Si-doped GaAs1−xNx alloy films and AlGaAs∕GaAsN modulation-doped heterostructures. For bulk-like alloy films, the electron mobility is independent of free carrier concentration and arsenic species, and decreases with increasing N composition. Thus, N-related defects are the main source of scattering in the dilute nitride alloys. For AlGaAs∕GaAsN heterostructures, gated and illuminated magnetoresistance measurements reveal a two-dimensional electron gas mobility which increases with carrier concentration to a constant value. Thus, in contrast to the long-range ionized scattering sources which are dominant in N-free heterostructures, N-induced neutral scattering sources are the dominant source of scattering in AlGaAs∕GaAsN heterostructures. Finally, a decrease in free carrier concentration with increasing N composition is apparent for bulk-like films, while the free carrier concentration is independent of N composition in modulation-doped...
Optical Properties of Multi-Component Antimony-Silver Nanoclusters Formed in Silica by Sequential Ion Implantation

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of nanometer dimension metal colloids embedded in a dielectric depend explicitly on the electronic structure of the metal nanoclusters. The ability to control the electronic structure of the nanoclusters may make it possible to tailor the optical properties for enhanced performance. By sequential implantation of different metal ion species multi-component nanoclusters can be formed with significantly different optical properties than single element metal nanoclusters. We report the formation of multi-component Sb/Ag nanoclusters in silica by sequential implantation of Sb and Ag. Samples were implanted with relative ratios of Sb to Ag of 1:1 and 3:1. A second set of samples was made by single element implantations of Ag and Sb at the same energies and doses used to make the sequentially implanted samples. All samples were characterized using RBS and both linear and nonlinear optical measurements. The presence of both ions significantly modifies the optical properties of the composites compared to the single element nanocluster glass composites. In the sequentially implanted samples the optical density is lower, and the strong surface plasmon resonance absorption observed in the Ag implanted samples is not present. At the same time the nonlinear response of the these samples is larger than for the samples implanted with Sb alone, suggesting that the addition of Ag can increase the nonlinear response of the Sb particles formed. The results are consistent with the formation of multi-component Sb/Ag colloids.
Operation of a double stub tuner for Alcator C-Mod lower hybrid current drive system

This paper describes the operation of a double stub fast ferrite tuner (FFT) that we have designed for the Alcator C-Mod 4.6GHz Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system. This FFT is unique because it uses a single electromagnet coil and permanent magnet on each tuning stub. The ferrite is located on the center of the broad face of the waveguide. The FFT is required to withstand over 200kW of power (20kW/cm2) at high VSWR (>5) for 1-3 second pulses spaced 10 minutes apart. Breakdown measurements and fabrication considerations will be discussed. Also, simulation of thermal conditions will be shown. The FFT will be computer controlled and must react to matching a load in a few hundred microseconds. This puts a severe requirement on power supply response time and its variation. In addition, the calculation time of the controlling software algorithms must be considered as well as the diffusion time of the controlling magnetic field through the waveguide wall. We will discuss these requirements and what we have done to meet them.
Geometry of irregular particles: Direct surface measurements by 3-D laser scanner

Abstract This paper presents new, direct surface measurements on irregular particles including 69 crushed and 18 naturally rounded rocks (37.5–4.75 mm ASTM sieve designation). A three-dimensional laser scanner (LS) was used to obtain the coordinates of points on the surface of the rocks and to estimate their volume, surface area, and density. The test results were compared with those of two other measurement approaches: classical projected area method (PAM) and modern X-ray computed tomography (CT), which were performed on the same suite of rocks. The results of LS and CT agree well with respect to volume and surface area. A polar representation was chosen to study the variation of geometrical properties of rocks. Relationships between geometrical characteristics and shape of rocks were further studied using surface curvatures and related parameters (e.g. chord length and caliper diameter). The measurement results were then examined using some longstanding geometrical conjectures that formerly have been inaccessible owing to lack of data.
EXPRESSION OF PLASMID-ENCODED STRUCTURAL PROTEINS PERMITS ENGINEERING OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4 ASSEMBLY

A complementation system for studying bacteriophage T4 tail assembly has been developed and used to test the effects of nonviable mutations on the function of a specific T4 tail protein, gp48. The complementation system assays the assembly function of gp48 without requiring that viable phage be produced, circumventing the operational problems of maintaining nonviable mutants of this lytic bacteriophage. The protein to be tested was preexpressed from cloned genes in a host cell prior to infection with the challenge phage. Assembly activity was assayed by monitoring the conversion of one tail assembly intermediate, the baseplate lacking gp48, into baseplates containing gp48 or into tube baseplates (or sheathed tails) assembled from such baseplates. Specific incorporation of gp48 into these structures was confirmed using gp48-specific antiserum, and the same serum was used in direct immunoelectron microscopy experiments to localize gp48 to the baseplate-proximal end of the T4 tail tube, at the site where the tube and sheath bind to the baseplate. The protein gp48 has been previously shown to be a baseplate protein, as well as a tail-tube-associated protein, and was tested for a possible role as a tail-length tape-measure protein. Tests with a deleted variant of gp48 were inconclusive because the protein was inactive. A variant of gp48, 20% longer than wild-type protein due to an internal duplication, was found to be partly functional in our assembly complementation system. This abnormally elongated protein allows several assembly steps to proceed, including the assembly of normal length T4 tails, implying that it does not specify tail length. The insertion-duplication variant of gp48 appears to have a defect in its interaction with the tail sheath protein, leading to abnormal sheath contraction.
SPECIFIC CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE DEFECT IN ACTIVE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION OF YOUNG CHILDREN AND THEIR MOTHERS

Abstract 4 young children with active cytomegalovirus (C.M.V.) infection were found, by an in-vitro lymphocyte-proliferation assay, to have a C.M.V.-specific cell-mediated immune defect. These children had antibodies to C.M.V. and were actively shedding C.M.V. in the urine when studied. Their general cellular immune responses were intact, with normal numbers of T lymphocytes and normal in-vitro responses to mitogens and at least one antigen. 3 of the 4 mothers studied shortly after delivery had decreased cell-mediated immunity to C.M.V. These findings suggest that an antigen-specific immune defect facilitates transmission of virus from mother to infant and permits persistence of viral replication in the offspring.
Physical therapy and occupational therapy: partners in rehabilitation for persons with movement impairments

SUMMARY The professions of physical therapy and occupational therapy have legitimate roles in the restoration of human movement in the rehabilitation process. This paper first presents a physical therapy perspective on changing trends in therapeutic exercise. Recent trends in physical therapy reflect a shift away from isolating patterns of movement and open kinetic chain exercises toward a new emphasis on functional patterns of movement and closed kinetic chain exercises. Rehabilitation of persons with hip fracture is used as an example of these shifting trends. Next, the paper presents an occupational therapy perspective. Occupational therapy's historical emphasis on the use of naturalistic occupations as the context for therapeutic exercise is described. Theoretical advantages of occupationally embedded movement are listed, and recent research in support of naturalistic occupations is summarized. Physical therapy and occupational therapy are distinct professions with autonomous outlooks and terminologies, but the responsibilities of physical therapists and occupational therapists potentially overlap in the restoration of movement. Suggestions are made for interdisciplinary teamwork whereby the holistically considered welfare of the patient is always the primary concern of all therapists.
A photoactivated prodrug.

A photolabile derivative (1) of the anticancer drug, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (2), was designed and synthesized as a model prodrug. Photolysis of 1 with long-wavelength UV light rapidly released 2 in solution. While compound 1 alone is nontoxic to cells, the presence of both 1 and UV irradiation (λ = 350 nm) resulted in potent inhibition of cell growth.
Assesment of Modeling and Discretization Error in Finite-Volume Large Eddy Simulations

Large eddy simulations of turbulent flows are known to suffer from two separate error sources: the subgrid stress model and the numerical discretization scheme. In general, the two sources of error cannot be separately quantified for finite-difference/finite-volume CFD simulations. The motivation of this paper lies in the desire to determine optimum combinations of currently available subgrid stress models and numerical schemes for use in large eddy simulations of complex flows. Error assessments for large eddy simulation of turbulent fluid flow are presented. These assessments were carried out using pseudospectral simulation techniques in order to isolate finite-differencing and modeling errors by explicitly adding numerical derivative error terms to the simulations and analyzing their effect. Results from several combinations of subgrid stress model and spatial discretization scheme are presented. Simulations were performed for decaying isotropic turbulence on both 323 and 643 grids. Results were compared in terms of spectral energy distributions at succeeding time intervals. For verification, the pseudo-spectral results were compared to LES solutions obtained from a commercially available finite-volume flow solver (FLUENT), and comparisons were made in terms of energy decay rates, numerical versus subgrid stress dissipation levels, and computed energy spectra. The results highlight the interaction between subgrid stress model and discretization scheme. The results also indicate that certain combinations of model and numerical scheme may be more appropriate for finite-volume LES than others.© 2006 ASME
Molecular visualization in chemistry education: The role of multidisciplinary collaboration

Visualization tools and high performance computing have changed the nature of chemistry research and have the promise to transform chemistry instruction. However, the images central to chemistry research can pose difficulties for beginning chemistry students. In order for molecular visualization tools to be useful in education, students must be able to interpret the images they produce. Cognitive scientists can provide valuable insight into how novices perceive and ascribe meaning to molecular visualizations. Further insights from educators, computer scientists and developers, and graphic artists are important for chemistry educators who want to help students learn with molecular visualizations. A diverse group of scientists, educators, developers, and cognitive psychologists have begun a series of international collaborations to address this issue. The effort was initiated at the National Science Foundation supported Molecular Visualization in Science Education Workshop held in 2001 and has continued through a series of mini-grants. These groups are investigating characteristics of molecular representations and visualizations that enhance learning, interactions with molecular visualizations that best help students learn about molecular structure and dynamics, roles of molecular modeling in chemistry instruction, and fruitful directions for research on molecular visualization in the learning of chemistry. This article summarizes the value of collaboration identified by participants in the workshop and subsequent collaborations. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2005, 6 (3), 136-149]
Cardiovascular Effects of Ephedra Alkaloids: A Comprehensive Review

The Ephedra alkaloids have received much press lately secondary to reported adverse events in those using whole extracts as "dietary supplements" for weight loss or athletic performance enhancement. These reports are troubling given the increasing use of these supplements by the general public. We reviewed the available literature as well as online material on these compounds, including information on their pharmacology, regulation, effects on weight loss and athletic performance, and adverse events. Extracts of Ephedra shrubs contain highly active alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists that have profound effects on the heart and vasculature. Evidence for their effectiveness is limited. Adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden death, temporally related to their use are well described. The recent Food and Drug Administration ban on these compounds is not broad enough. Ephedra supplements contain a highly bioactive class of compounds that pose a significant risk to the public under the current regulatory framework. More stringent oversight by regulatory authorities is required to minimize the incidence of adverse events.
Application of contact interactions to Borromean halos

${}^{11}$Li and ${}^{6}$He are described as three-body systems using different approaches. We compare our technique, based on a density-dependent, cutoff, contact interaction between the valence neutrons, with a Faddeev approach which is based on realistic interactions. The ground state properties of a weakly bound two-neutron halo are described fairly well once the contact interaction has been adjusted and calibrated to produce a realistic scattering length and effective range.
Hubble Space Telescope Beryllium Abundances in the α Centauri System

High signal-to-noise ratio Hubble Space Telescope Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph spectra of α Centauri A (spectral type G2 V) and α Centauri B (spectral type K1 V) have been analyzed in the Be II λ3130 spectral region. Both stars offer an excellent opportunity for testing predictions of 9Be destruction since they are nearby, have a well-determined orbit and parallax, and thus have very well known physical parameters. A detailed spectrum synthesis has been made using a line list that has been carefully tested by comparison with the Sun and with metal-poor stars of different temperature and metallicity. Our analysis gives [Be/H] = +0.06 ± 0.09 dex for α Cen A and -0.54 ± 0.28 dex for α Cen B, using a model atmosphere with a metallicity [M/H] = +0.10. The implications of the new beryllium abundances and the previous lithium studies for models of stellar light-element depletion are then studied. Both the Sun and α Cen A are more highly depleted in lithium than younger stars; this is not consistent with standard stellar models. The Sun, α Cen A, and α Cen B have photospheric 9Be abundances lower than the current accepted solar meteoritic value. Because the initial 9Be abundance for the α Cen system is not known, and the depletion is much smaller than that for lithium, it is difficult to determine precise beryllium depletion factors for this system. However, because neither star is expected to deplete beryllium in standard models, the lower relative abundance of α Cen B might be evidence for main-sequence beryllium depletion. The theoretical implications of beryllium depletion are briefly discussed.
Abuse potential of zomepirac

Zomepirac sodium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, was compared to morphine sulfate and placebo in an abuse liability study in a postaddiction population. Morphine (15 and 30 mg), but not zomepirac (400 and 800 mg), induced pupillary constriction and characteristic morphinelike subjective effects. The 800-mg dose of zomepirac was discriminated but was not euphorigenic. This study indicates that zomepirac is not likely to be abused. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1983) 34, 386–389; doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.184
Chemical kinetic and molecular genetic study of selenium oxyanion reduction by Enterobacter cloacae SLD1a-1

Microbial processes play an important role in the redox transformations of toxic selenium oxyanions. In this study, we employed chemical kinetic and molecular genetic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of Se(IV) and Se(VI) reduction by the facultative anaerobe Enterobacter cloacae SLD1a-1. The rates of microbial selenium oxyanion reduction were measured as a function of initial selenium oxyanion concentration (0-1.0 mM) and temperature (10-40 C), and mutagenesis studies were performed to identify the genes involved in the selenium oxyanion reduction pathway. The results indicate that Se(IV) reduction is significantly more rapid than the reduction of Se(VI). The kinetics of the reduction reactions were successfully quantified using the Michaelis-Menten kinetic equation. Both the rates of Se(VI) and Se(IV) reduction displayed strong temperature-dependence with Ea values of 121 and 71.2 kJ/mol, respectively. X-ray absorption near-edge spectra collected for the precipitates formed by Se(VI) and Se(IV) reduction confirmed the formation of Se(0). A miniTn5 transposon mutant of E. cloacae SLD1a-1 was isolated that had lost the ability to reduce Se(VI) but was not affected in Se(IV) reduction activity. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the transposon was inserted within a tatC gene, which encodes for a central protein in the twin arginine translocation system. Complementation bymore » the wild-type tatC sequence restored the ability of mutant strains to reduce Se(VI). The results suggest that Se(VI) reduction activity is dependent on enzyme export across the cytoplasmic membrane and that reduction of Se(VI) and Se(IV) are catalyzed by different enzymatic systems.« less
A Parametric Study of Reservoir Cooling for Enhanced Recovery by CO2 Flooding

Miscible gas flooding has recently overtaken steam flooding as the most successful enhanced oil recovery technique, resulting in about 440,000 barrels/day in increased oil production (Oil & Gas Journal 2012). Carbon dioxide flooding is an integral part of miscible gas flooding. This thesis focuses on the feasibility of injecting water along with CO2 at temperatures lower than reservoir temperature, which may result in more incremental oil production. A key parameter of miscible CO2 flooding is the determination of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). MMP is the minimum pressure at which the oil and injected gas achieve miscibility so that previously trapped oil can be recovered. There are various ways in which MMP can be determined: experimental methods, analytical methods, computational methods and from various empirical correlations. In this thesis, we have developed a simple MMP correlation for pure CO2 injection with the help of an extensive database of slim tube MMPs, relying on data not used previously. Literature indicates a linear relationship between MMP and temperature as has been investigated by slim tube tests on various oils (Yellig and Metcalfe 1980). We have conducted waterflood and continuous CO2 injection at two different temperature scenarios, one at original reservoir temperature and the other at lower temperature. Conducting a long waterflood at a lower temperature has resulted in lowering of the reservoir temperature. Subsequently, this has reduced the MMP at the start of CO2 injection, resulting in incremental oil recovery of almost 26% as compared to 3% when injecting the fluids at reservoir temperature. We have also injected various cold water slug sizes at two different temperatures in-between a conventional waterflood at reservoir temperature and CO2 injection. Injecting a cold water slug does reduce the MMP when more than 1.0 PV of cold water is injected, but results in the delay of CO2 injection, which likely adversely impacts economics.
Measurement of Muscle Fatigue Using Electromyography

This paper summarizes research project which investigated the signal characteristics of muscle action potential when the muscle is fatigued and evaluated these characteristics as a measure of muscl...
Electron spin resonance of CrO43− in barium chloroapatite, Ba5(PO4)3Cl

Abstract An electron spin resonance study of Cr(V) substitutional for P in Ba5(PO4)3Cl shows that barium chloroapatite remains hexagonal down to 4.2°K. The g and hyperfine (53Cr) principal values observed are: gx = 1.9222, gy = 1.9317, gz = 1.9737, Ax = 26.2 × 10−4cm−1, Ay = 22.3 × 10−4cm−1, and Az = 6.5 × 10−4cm−1. The CrO43− ion is distorted from tetrahedral symmetry with only a mirror plane remaining. The ground state doublet shows the smallest splitting yet observed in an apatite, e ∼ 60 cm−1, with the dz2 state lowest.
Pipeline interleaved programmable DSP's: Synchronous data flow programming

In the companion paper [1], a programmable architecture for digital signal processing is proposed that requires the partitioning of a signal processing task into multiple programs that execute concurrently. In this paper, a synchronous dataflow programming method is proposed for programming this architecture, and programming examples are given. Because of its close connection with block diagrams, data flow programming is natural and convenient for describing digital signal processing (DSP) systems. Synchronous dataflow is a special case of data flow (large grain or atomic) in which the number of tokens consumed or produced each time a node is invoked is specified for each input or output of each node. A node (or block) is asynchronous if these numbers cannot be specified a priori. A program described as a synchronous data flow graph can be mapped onto parallel processors at compile time (statically), so the run time overhead usually associated With data flow implementations evaporates. Synchronous data flow is therefore an appropriate paradigm for programming high-performance real-time applications on a parallel processor like the processors in the companion paper. The sample rates can all be different, which is not true of most current data-driven digital signal processing programming methodologies. Synchronous data flow is closely related to computation graphs, a special case of Petri nets. In this paper, we outline the programming methodology by illustrating how nodes are defined, how data passed between nodes are buffered, and how a compiler can map the nodes onto parallel processors. We give an example of a typically complicated unstructured application: a voiceband data modem. For this example, using a natural partition of the program into functional blocks, the scheduler is able to use up to seven parallel processors with 100 percent utilization. Beyond seven processors, the utilization drops because the scheduler is limited by a recursive computation, the equalizer tap update loop. No attempt has been made to modify the algorithms or their description to make them better suited for parallel execution. This example, therefore, illustrates that modest amounts of concurrency can be effectively used without particular effort on the part of the programmer.
Integrin αvβ1 Is an Adenovirus Coreceptor

The human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line, commonly used for recombinant adenovirus (Ad) propagation, does not express the Ad coreceptor alpha(v)beta3 or alpha(v)beta5 integrins, yet these cells are efficiently infected by Ad vectors. Here we demonstrate that Ad binds to HEK293 cells via the fiber receptor CAR and is subsequently internalized via interaction with integrin alpha(v)beta1. Function-blocking antibodies directed against alpha(v) or beta1, but not beta3, beta5, or alpha5, integrin subunits block Ad infection and viral endocytosis. Therefore, alpha(v)beta1 serves as a coreceptor for Ad infection, and the lack of beta3 and/or beta5 but the relatively high expression of alpha(v)beta1 integrins on certain tumor cell types may explain why these cells are readily transduced by Ad vectors.
Detection and Separation of Aliphatic Polycarboxylic Acids by Reversed-Phase Partition Thin-Layer Chromatography

The application of reversed-phase partition TLC, employing Silica Gel HF chromatoplates impregnated with silicone and developed in glacial acetic acid-dioxane-water-formic acid (4:1 1:6), proved suitable for the separation of agaricic acid (α-hexadecylcitric acid), norcaperatic acid (α-tetradecylcitric acid), and citric acid.
EditorialPsychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury: new solutions to an old problem

(2003). EditorialPsychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury: new solutions to an old problem. International Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 299-301.
Initiation of thermal convection in finite right circular cylinders

Linear perturbation analyses are extended to determine the lowest Rayleigh number at which convection initiates in a vertical cylinder heated on the bottom and cooled on the top. The critical Rayleigh number for the first mode of convection in a right circular cylinder with a perfectly conducting wall is shown to be three times larger than that in such a cell with a perfectly adiabatic side wall. An adjusted wave number is shown to make the results of Pellew and Southwell applicable to the adiabatic wall in a manner similar to that used by Pnueli and Ostrach for the perfectly conducting side wall. The results are compared with experiment and are in very good agreement.
Thematic Series: Metals in Biology

Metals are important in biochemistry, and the concentrations of many are highly regulated. This prologue introduces the thematic series "Metals in Biology," which includes minireviews on three metals: iron, copper, and selenium. Deficiencies and excesses of all three of these metals cause problems in human health. The three minireviews deal with regulation of iron homeostasis, the roles of copper metabolism in cell regulation and disease, and the functions of selenoproteins.
Three-dimensional surface reconstruction and panoramic optical mapping of large hearts

Optical mapping of electrical activity from the surface of the heart is a powerful tool for studying complex arrhythmias. However, a limitation of traditional optical mapping is that the mapped region is restricted to the field of view of the sensor, which makes it difficult to track electrical waves as they drift in and out of view. To address this, we developed an optical system that panoramically maps epicardial electrical activity in three dimensions. The system was engineered to accomodate hearts comparable in size to human hearts. It is comprised of a surface scanner that measures epicardial geometry and a panoramic fluorescence imaging system that records electrical activity. Custom software texture maps the electrical data onto a reconstructed epicardial surface. The result is a high resolution, spatially contiguous, mapping dataset. In addition, the three-dimensional positions of the recording sites are known, making it possible to accurately measure parameters that require geometric information, such as propagation velocity. In this paper, we describe the system and demonstrate it by mapping a swine heart.
Phase Relationships in ISO- and Aliovalent Analogues of La2CuO4: Implications for Superconductivity

In addition to the well known I4/mmm and Bmab phases, recent low temperature structural studies of certain T-type (K 2 NiF 4 -related) La 2 CuO 4 analogues have revealed two additional structural modifications, one with Pccn and the other with P4 2 /ncm symmetry. Via appropriate iso- and aliovalent substitution chemistry, regions of T-type phase field have been mapped out and the influence of these phase transitions on superconductivity studied.
The Political Enforcement of Liberalism: Bargaining, Institutions, and Auto Multinationals in Hungary

The demise of communism triggered large flows of foreign direct investment into Eastern Europe. This article examines the impact of recent changes in the international environment—the transformation of world production systems and the rise of neoliberalism—on bargaining between multinational corporations and post-communist governments. It focuses on the Hungarian automobile industry, one of the region's largest recipients of FDI. The Hungarian case illustrates the ability of small, open, and geopolitically weak states to parlay shifts in the global environment into a bargaining asset. The ascent of lean production heightened pressure on auto MNCs to develop local supplier systems capable of fast delivery of components to East European subsidiaries. The pull of backward integration was particularly strong for Japanese producers, whose non-European status enabled Hungarian state authorities to secure commitments to raising domestic content. Transplanting Japanese-style production in Eastern Europe proved less vexing for European MNCs, whose status as EU-based companies freed them of local-content requirements and whose preexisting supplier networks obviated heavy investments in the Hungarian components industry. But while Western auto producers enjoyed highly favorable terms of entry into Eastern Europe, even they could not elude the paradoxical effects of global changes on MNC/host state relations. The very eastward extension of the European Union's nondiscriminatory rules that facilitated EU-based firms' entry into Hungary also permitted host state authorities to parry efforts by MNCs to obtain particularistic concessions after entry. The Hungarian case thus demonstrates that MNC/host state bargaining in the post-Cold War period hinges more on the global positions of multinationals than on the structural vulnerabilities of capital-importing states ( per dependency theory) or the internal capacity of host states ( per statist theories).
Application of active current sharing control in fuel cell-battery off-line UPS system

Fuel cells are becoming more prevalent as the replacement for diesel/gasoline powered systems, such as vehicle and emergency power sources. However, cost and slow dynamic response of fuel cell still persist as the main disadvantage. To remedy this problem, an energy storage system with adequate power delivery has to be incorporated. This paper presents a low cost fuel cell-battery uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system. The control algorithm has been implemented using a digital signal processor. Active current sharing algorithm is implemented to adjust the output power from each source based on the load demand and battery state of charge. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the static and dynamic performance of the system.