cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auroral Particle Distribution Functions and Their Relationship to Inverted Vs and Auroral Arcs

Abstract : Utilizing data from three satellites the document presents the relationship between the particle energy and angular distributions, the resulting auroral forms, and spatial features such as the inverted V and electrostatic structures. The occurrence of field-aligned electrons over a wide range of energies near and at the edges of inverted V structures in the low altitude local evening auroral region is an outstanding feature in the data. The DMSP pictures often show a brightening of the auroral form in coincidence with similar intense electron precipitation at the edges of inverted V structures. Preliminary examination of the S3-3 data has produced only a few such events with a tendency for them to occur at lower altitudes. As a separate topic, a detailed description of a high altitude inverted V structure is presented using S3-3 data. The region contained strong perpendicular electric field structures embedded therein. The potential drop in the region peaks near 16 kV with 10-12 kV below and 4-6 kV above 8000 km. The modification of the electron distributions due to strong electric field structures is analyzed. The signature of the acceleration in the electrons is consistent with an acceleration region that starts 2000-4000 km above the satellite altitude of 8000 km and extends well below the satellite. (Author)
Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Children

Cognitive behavior therapy with children is a relatively new and rapidly developing area of clinical psychology. In a recent survey of employment in APA-approved clinical psychology programs, Klesges, Sanchez, and Stanton (1982) found that 40% of the new faculty described their theoretical orientation as cognitive behavioral and an additional 18% described themselves as behavioral; both of these percentages exceeded any other specific theoretical preference. In their recent survey sampling clinical psychologists of Division 12 of APA, Norcross and Prochaska (1982) reported that behavior modification and family therapy involving children were among the most rapidly increasing therapy activities. It is likely that this increased emphasis will continue, because the youngest group of therapists (less than 10 years of postdoctoral experience) spent a greater percentage of their time engaged in these recently developed approaches than did the more experienced therapists.
Use of Ventricular Assist Devices in Patients with Mitral Valve Prostheses

Background: Use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in patients with prosthetic valves may carry an increased risk of thromboembolism; however, clinical information is lacking. The aim of this study was to report our experience of the use of VADs in patients with prosthetic mitral valves. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 747 VAD patients from January 1995 to May 2010 was performed. Results: Thirteen patients with a prosthetic mitral valve (average age 56 ± 10 years of age, nine mechanical valve, four biological valve) were identified. Indications for VAD implantation were as a bridge to transplant in 11 patients and destination therapy in two patients. At the time of VAD implant, no intervention to the prosthetic mitral valve was performed. Eight patients received a HeartMate I (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA), three patients received a HeartMate II (Thoratec Corporation), and two patients received a Thoratec VAD (Thoratec Corporation). Among nine mechanical valve patients, six patients were anticoagulated with warfarin, and one patient with heparin, while two patients did not receive anticoagulation due to bleeding. Ten patients were successfully transplanted at an average of 123 days post-VAD implant, one died after 48 days from multiorgan failure, and two remained on VAD support. No clinical thromboembolic events were observed. No intracardiac thrombus was detected by echocardiogram or on the pathology of the explanted hearts. Five patients had experienced a bleeding event (postoperative mediastinal bleeds, gastrointestinal bleedings, retroperitoneal hematoma, and subconjuctival bleeding). Conclusions: In patients with mitral valve prostheses who require VAD support, leaving the prosthesis intact does not increase the incidence of adverse events. (J Card Surg 2011;26:334-337)
Identification of DCAP, a drosophila homolog of a glucose transport regulatory complex.

In a yeast two-hybrid screen using the Drosophila Axin protein as a bait, we have identified a Drosophila homolog of CAP, a component of the glucose transport regulatory complex. Through alternative splicing, the DCAP gene generates a set of five different proteins with unique N-terminal sequences and a common C-terminal SH3 domain. DCAP is predominantly expressed in the midgut and fat bodies of late-stage embryos, suggesting a role in insulin-mediated glucose transport in these organs.
Rumination time in four breeds of dairy cattle.

Initial research showed significant differences between individual cattle in their rumination response to equal amounts of cell wall constituent intake. Two further experiments were conducted to determine if dairy cattle breeds differ in their rumination time. In Experiment 2, eight Guernseys had lower (P < .05) 24-hour rumination times than did eight Holsteins, eight Ayrshires, and eight Jerseys. When corrected for cell wall constituent intake and body weight kilogram.75 the Guernsey average rumination time was lower than the Holstein average (P < .05) and the Jersey average (P < .01). In a third experiment eight lactating Guernseys averaged lower (P < .05) total rumination times, as well as minutes rumination corrected for cell wall constituent intake and body weight kilogram.75, than did eight lactating Jerseys.
Stochastic link-level dynamics in mobile ad-hoc networks: several interesting aspects

Contact-based metrics such as contact time, inter-meeting time, first passage time, etc. between mobile nodes critically decide the performance of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). Based on various mobility models, current theoretical studies have investigated the relationship between characteristics of underlying mobility patterns (e.g., domain size, degrees of correlations in trajectory, etc.) and stochastic properties of contact-based metrics (e.g., exponential and power-law behavior, aging properties), especially of the inter-meeting time. In this paper, we first review several interesting aspects of these results, including invariance property of contact-based metrics, as well as aging properties of the inter-meeting time. We then point out how these results can be further extended to guide the analysis and design of MANET.
N-Nitrosodimethylamine in dried dairy products.

Abstract Commercially available non-fat dried milk and dried buttermilk were analysed for volatile nitrosamines using a chemiluminescence detector. N-Nitrosodimethylamine, the only volatile nitrosamine that could be confirmed to be present by mass spectrometry, was detected in eight out of nine samples analysed. The range of levels was 0 to 4·5 ppb (μg/kg) while the mean was 1·9 ppb. The identity of N-nitrosodimethylamine was confirmed by mass spectrometry in five of the samples.
Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy Enhances the Effects of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Rats with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI

Background Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available for several lysosomal storage disorders, the benefit of this treatment to the skeletal system is very limited. Our previous work has shown the importance of the Toll-like receptor 4/TNF-alpha inflammatory pathway in the skeletal pathology of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), and we therefore undertook a study to examine the additive benefit of combining anti-TNF-alpha therapy with ERT in a rat model of MPS type VI. Methodology/Principal Findings MPS VI rats were treated for 8 months with Naglazyme® (recombinant human N-acetyl-galactosamine-4-sulfatase), or by a combined protocol using Naglazyme® and the rat-specific anti-TNF-alpha drug, CNTO1081. Both protocols led to markedly reduced serum levels of TNF-alpha and RANKL, although only the combined treatment reduced TNF-alpha in the articular cartilage. Analysis of cultured articular chondrocytes showed that the combination therapy also restored collagen IIA1 expression, and reduced expression of the apoptotic marker, PARP. Motor activity and mobility were improved by ERT, and these were significantly enhanced by combination treatment. Tracheal deformities in the MPS VI animals were only improved by combination therapy, and there was a modest improvement in bone length. Ceramide levels in the trachea also were markedly reduced. MicroCT analysis did not demonstrate any significant positive effects on bone microarchitecture from either treatment, nor was there histological improvement in the bone growth plates. Conclusions/Significance The results demonstrate that combining ERT with anti-TNF- alpha therapy improved the treatment outcome and led to significant clinical benefit. They also further validate the usefulness of TNF-alpha, RANKL and other inflammatory molecules as biomarkers for the MPS disorders. Further evaluation of this combination approach in other MPS animal models and patients is warranted.
Black heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in the United States

Although the direction and intensity of Black heterosexuals’ attitudes toward homosexuality have been topics for considerable speculation, empirical data from representative samples previously have not been available. In the current article we report findings from a two‐wave telephone survey with a national probability sample of 391 Black heterosexual adults. Results indicated that negative attitudes toward homosexuality are widespread but do not appear to be more prevalent among Blacks than among Whites. Gender differences in Black heterosexuals’ attitudes (men's attitudes toward gay men were more negative than their attitudes toward lesbians or women's attitudes toward gay men) appeared to result primarily from men's greater tendency to regard male homosexuality as unnatural. The single most important predictor of attitudes was the attribution of choice to sexual orientation: Respondents who believed that homosexuality is beyond an individual's control expressed significantly more favorable attitudes to...
Experimenting with the Sweet Side of Chemistry: Connecting Students and Science through Food Chemistry

Candy captures people’s attention: engaging in a scientific exploration of food can readily demonstrate that chemistry is an exciting and relevant part of our everyday lives.
Commingling and segregation analysis of reading performance in families of normal reading probands.

This paper reports the results of commingling and genetic segregation analyses performed on a quantitative reading phenotype in 125 families ascertained through normal, nondisabled readers. Commingling analysis using SKUMIX suggested that the reading phenotype best fit a skewed, single distribution model. Complex segregation using POINTER was then performed on the power adjusted data. While there were some analytical ambiguities and complexities, the segregation analysis indicated that there was familial transmission of the phenotype and that a significant percentage of the variance in this phenotype could be attributed to a major gene with dominance. Because the estimated frequency of the putative dominant allele is 35, 57% of the population would carry at least one copy of this allele. This common allele, with low penetrance, accounted for 54% of the phenotypic variance in reading scores. These findings are considered in the context of our earlier report of major gene influence on a qualitative dyslexic phenotype in a sample of 133 dyslexic proband families that were originally matched to the present sample of control families (Penningtonet al., 1991). The applicability of a classic single gene, multifactorial-polygenic, and oligogenic or QTL models for reading ability/disability is discussed.
In Vitro Ruminal Dry Matter Disappearance of Selected Waste Papers

Abstract In vitro dry matter disappearances were determined for 11 paper sources and three complete rations containing 0, 10, and 20% newsprint. Inoculum was from an alfalfa hay-fed steer. Alfalfa hay, brome hay, and Solka Floc were reference substrates. Brown wrapping paper and brown cardboard had the highest dry matter disappearances of 90.8 and 77.8%; whereas four glossy or slick magazine papers had significantly lower values of 46.1, 45.1, 41.3, and 41.0%. Newsprint with black ink, without ink, and with colored inks had dry matter disappearances of 33.2, 32.6, and 26.5%, which were significantly lower than those of the glossy magazine papers. Lowest dry matter disappearances of 24.0 and 20.1% were from two magazine papers. The complete rations had 77.9, 80.1, and 81.8% dry matter disappearances for the 0, 10 and 20% paper rations. These data indicate substantial differences in digestibilities of various paper sources.
Electronic structure of nearly ferromagnetic compound HfZn2

Abstract The electronic structure of HfZn 2 has been studied based on the density functional theory within the local-density approximation. The calculation indicates that HfZn 2 shows ferromagnetic instability. Large enhancement of the static susceptibility over its non-interacting value is found due to a peak in the density of states at the Fermi level.
VoR-tree: R-trees with Voronoi diagrams for efficient processing of spatial nearest neighbor queries

A very important class of spatial queries consists of nearest-neighbor (NN) query and its variations. Many studies in the past decade utilize R-trees as their underlying index structures to address NN queries efficiently. The general approach is to use R-tree in two phases. First, R-tree's hierarchical structure is used to quickly arrive to the neighborhood of the result set. Second, the R-tree nodes intersecting with the local neighborhood (Search Region) of an initial answer are investigated to find all the members of the result set. While R-trees are very efficient for the first phase, they usually result in the unnecessary investigation of many nodes that none or only a small subset of their including points belongs to the actual result set.On the other hand, several recent studies showed that the Voronoi diagrams are extremely efficient in exploring an NN search region, while due to lack of an efficient access method, their arrival to this region is slow. In this paper, we propose a new index structure, termed VoR-Tree that incorporates Voronoi diagrams into R-tree, benefiting from the best of both worlds. The coarse granule rectangle nodes of R-tree enable us to get to the search region in logarithmic time while the fine granule polygons of Voronoi diagram allow us to efficiently tile or cover the region and find the result. Utilizing VoR-Tree, we propose efficient algorithms for various Nearest Neighbor queries, and show that our algorithms have better I/O complexity than their best competitors.
Auricular microelectrostimulation: naloxone-reversible attenuation of opiate abstinence syndrome.

Abstract This study evaluated the effects in rats of very low amplitude (10 μamp) charge-balanced 10-Hz stimulation delivered bilaterally to low impedance points on the outer ear. This microelectrostimulation markedly and significantly reduced the number of opiate abstinence signs observed following a week of continuous morphine infusion. This effect was prevented by subcutaneous injection of 3 mg/kg naloxone, suggesting that stimulation of endogenous opioid activity plays a major role in the actions of auricular microelectro-stimulation.
MultiWAN: WAN aggregation for developing region

For rural ISPs and organizations, purchasing high-bandwidth, high-quality Internet connections is expensive, if such connections are even available. Subscribing to multiple low-capacity connections and load balancing flows across them presents an attractive alternative. However, this limits the burst rate of each flow to the capacity of the connection to which it has been bound. For example, a single file transfer could not take advantage of unused capacity on other connections. This increases flow completion times, an important metric of user-perceived performance.
DIPYRIDAMOLE ENHANCES RELAXATIONS AND cGMP GENERATION TO NITRIC OXIDE IN LAMBS WITH PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PPHN). • 2090

We have previously shown that the cGMP specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast enhances the effect of NO in lambs with PPHN (AJRCCM 1995; 152: 1605). We now studied the effect of an equimolar concentration of the commercially available phosphodiesterase inhibitor dipyridamole (DIP) on relaxations to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Fourth generation pulmonary arteries were isolated from 5 near-term fetal lambs with PPHN following ligation of the ductus arteriosus 10 days prior to delivery and age matched controls. Vessels were submaximally preconstricted with norepinephrine (NE, 1μM) following pretreatment with indomethacin. Relaxations to increasing concentrations of SNP (1-1000 nM) were then compared in PA with and without pretreatment with dipyridamole (30 μM). Without DIP, there was decreased sensitivity to SNP in hypertensive vessels (EC50's: Control = 52 ± 11 nM; Hypertensive = 145 ± 64 nM, p<0.05 by ANOVA). DIP significantly enhanced relaxations to SNP in both groups (EC50's: Control = 1.1 ± 0.6 nM; Hypertensive = 28 ± 9 nM). A second series of experiments directly measured cGMP concentrations in PA by 125I RIA following stimulation with 1 μM SNP, 30 μM DIP, or both compounds and subsequent rapid freeze-clamping. Data are expressed as fmol cGMP/mg tissue weight, and compared by ANOVA: *p <0.05 vs. without SNP, †p<0.05 hypertensive vs. control. Table
Activated Carbon and Soluble Humic Substances: Adsorption, Desorption, and Surface Charge Effects

Abstract Dissolved humic substances occur naturally in most surface waters. Such material interferes with conventional drinking water treatment processes and adsorbs on the surface of granular activated carbon (GAC), decreasing the effectiveness and life of GAC filters. An alkali treatment was investigated as a means of desorbing humic substances from the activated carbon surface and possibly increasing the bed life of the filters. A maximum of 60% removal was achieved using this method. Surface titrations were undertaken using activated carbon samples with adsorbed humic material before and after the alkali desorption treatment. It was found that the surface charge properties of the samples were not significantly altered by the treatment, and that the major influence on the surface properties was the concentration of the adsorbed humic material. The degree of ionization of the adsorbed material was found to be very strongly influenced by the surface concentration, and this effect was interpreted in terms of the orientation of the adsorbed molecules and the very strong electrostatic interaction between charged groups of the adsorbed material.
Thrombin During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) ignites a massive defense reaction that stimulates all blood cells and five plasma protein systems to produce a myriad of vasoactive and cytotoxic substances, cell-signaling molecules, and upregulated cellular receptors. Thrombin is the key enzyme in the thrombotic portion of the defense reaction and is only partially suppressed by heparin. During CPB, thrombin is produced by both extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways and activated platelets. The routine use of a cell saver and the eventual introduction of direct thrombin inhibitors now offer the possibility of completely suppressing thrombin production and fibrinolysis during cardiac surgery with CPB.
Sharing Alphabet Books in Early Childhood Classrooms

To achieve academically, young children need a strong foundation in literacy. Alphabet knowledge is one aspect of early literacy. This article presents the importance of and the components of alphabet knowledge. An exploratory study in which prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers read aloud three different alphabet books to their students in a whole-class setting is described. Results indicate that teachers do talk about letters when reading alphabet books, but they emphasize letter names over letter–sound knowledge. Further, text features influenced what aspect of the alphabet teachers emphasized, resulting in relatively little talk about letters for one of the alphabet books. Finally, this article describes how various alphabet books may be used to introduce and to teach young children about literacy.
HETEROLOGOUS TRANSPLANTATION OF MAMMALIAN TUMORS I. THE TRANSFER OF RABBIT TUMORS TO ALIEN SPECIES

A series of experiments was undertaken in an attempt to transplant rabbit tumors to animals of alien species using the anterior chamber of the eye as an inoculation site. The uterine tumor H-31 and the breast tumors T-36 and B-240 were successfully transplanted to all the various animals tried, including guinea pigs, swine, goats, and sheep, and the H-31 and T-36 tumors were maintained by serial transfer in the two first species. On the other hand, all attempts to transfer the Brown-Pearce tumor to guinea pigs were unsuccessful. The growth characteristics of the transplanted tumors were generally similar to those observed in the natural host, but noteworthy exceptions occurred. The tumors obtained a blood supply from the foreign host and invaded the periorbital tissues but did not metastasize. Histologically, the cellular morphology of the rabbit tumors was retained, but variations in parenchymal-stromal relations characterized the form of growth in different species.
An Index of Agreement between a Hypothesized Partial Order and an Empirical Rank Order

Abstract An index of agreement T between a hypothesized partial order of k groups on an independent variable X and the rank order of the observations on a dependent variable Y is proposed. The mean and variance of T under H0 , including the cases of unequal group size and of ties in Y, are derived. Rapidity of convergence to normality is discussed and a z-test of the significance of T is given. The consistency of T and comparisons with ANOVA are considered. An illustrative example is given.
Additive effects of acyl-binding site mutations on the fatty acid selectivity of Rhizopus delemar lipase

The fatty acid specificity and pH dependence of triacylglycerol hydrolysis by the Rhizopus delemar lipase acylbinding site mutant Val206Thr+Phe95Asp (Val, valine; Thr, threonine; Phe, phenylalanine; Asp, aspartic acid) were characterized. The activity of the double mutant prolipase was reduced by as much as 10-fold, compared to the wild-type prolipase. However, the fatty acid specificity profile of the enzyme was markedly sharpened and was dependent on the pH of the substrate emulsion. At neutral pH, strong preference (10-fold or greater) for hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of medium-chainlength fatty acids (C8:0 to C14:0) was displayed by the variant prolipase, with no hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of short-chain fatty acids (C4:0 to C6:0) and little activity manifested toward fatty acids with 16 or more carbons. At acidic pH values, the fatty acid selectivity profile of the double mutant prolipase expanded to include short-chain triacylglycerols (C4:0, C6:0). When assayed against a triacylglycerol mixture of tributyrin, tricaprylin and triolein, the Val206Thr+Phe95Asp prolipase displayed a high selectivity for caprylic acid and released this fatty acid at least 25-fold more efficiently than the others present in the substrate mixture. When presented a mixture of nine fatty acid methyl esters, the wild-type prolipase showed a broad substrate specificity profile, hydrolyzing the various methyl esters to a similar extent. Contrastingly, the double mutant prolipase displayed a narrowed substrate specificity profile, hydrolyzing caprylic methyl ester at nearly wild-type levels, while its activity against the other methyl esters examined was 2.5- to 5-fold lower then that observed for the wild-type enzyme.
Lithium Ion Diffusion Measurements in High Quality LiCoO2 thin Film Battery Cathodes

Highly crystalline, textured thin films of LiCo{sub x}Al{sub 1{minus}x}O{sub 2} (x = 0, 0.5) have been grown by pulsed laser deposition. Films of both stoichiometries were dense and uniaxially textured with Li, Co (or Co,Al) layers parallel to the substrate. It was found that crystal quality depended strongly on oxygen partial pressure, substrate temperature, and substrate material. The deposition of LiCo{sub 0.5}Al{sub 0.5}O{sub 2} is also highly dependent upon laser fluence, requiring at least 12.8 J/cm{sup 2} for high quality films. Chemical diffusion measurements were performed over a wide range of lithium contents using the potentiostatic intermittent titration technique. Maximum and minimum effective {tilde D} for LiCoO{sub 2} were 4.0 x 10{sup {minus}11} and 1.2 x 10{sup {minus}12}/s, respectively, and for LiCo{sub 0.5}Al{sub 0.5}O{sub 2}, 2.2 x 10{sup {minus}12} and 8.0 x 10{sup {minus}17} cm{sup 2}/s, respectively.
STEADY AND TRANSIENT MIXED CONVECTION NEAR A VERTICAL UNIFORMLY HEATED SURFACE EXPOSED TO HORIZONTAL FLUID FLOW

The numerical solution of flow and heat transfer for steady and transient laminar mixed convection near a vertical uniformly heated surface exposed to a horizontal cross-flow is presented. The transients considered include the simultaneous initiation of flow and heating and the time-varying flow generated by starting or stopping forced convection with the surface heating condition unchanged. The partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were solved in their time-dependent forms by an explicit finite-difference technique. Calculations were performed for fluids with Prandtl numbers of 0.733 and 6.7, nominally air and water. During both steady and transient circumstances, the effects of the horizontal forced flow were dominant near the vertical leading edge, whereas natural convection dictated the flow at large values of the horizontal coordinate. The heat transfer coefficient during mixed convection was significantly higher than that with either forced or free ...
Importance of unsteady contributions to force and heating for particles in compressible flows. Part 2: Application to particle dispersal by blast waves ☆

Abstract Particle dispersal by blast waves is an interesting phenomenon. A model problem, i.e., a sudden release of a compressed gas–particle mixture contained in a spherical container, is employed to investigate the fundamental physics of particle dispersal. The problem is simulated by the multiphase flow models proposed in Part 1 of this article that include unsteady contributions in momentum and energy exchange between gas and particles. At early times, when particles are accelerated in the expansion fan, unsteady force and heating contributions are much larger than the corresponding quasi-steady contributions. Consequently, neglecting unsteady contributions leads to significant errors in particle front location (the boundary of the particle cloud). The complex wave interactions in the flow have strong influence on the particle motion. As a result, the particle motion is a non-monotonic function of particle density or diameter and the evolution of particle concentration is non-uniform and unsteady.
ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block in patients undergoing continuous ECG monitoring

It is common knowledge that the ECG diagnosis of completed myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is extremely difficult and often impossible. More than 50 rules have been proposed as criteria for interpreting Q-wave equivalents superimposed on the QRS complex in the presence of LBBB. However, because of misinterpretation of the available literature, physicians frequently recommend that patients with chest pain in the presence of LBBB receive thrombolytic therapy or urgent coronary arteriography on the basis of the assumption that acute injury and ischemia cannot be interpreted in the presence of LBBB. Unfortunately, many physicians fail to realize that although completed infarction is difficult to confirm in the presence of LBBB, ongoing ischemia and injury can be detected in the presence of LBBB and may be seen as often as they are in the presence of normal cardiac conduction. A deflection of the J point (and ST segment) in the direction of the major QRS complex or an elevation of the ST segment of more than 7 to 8 mm opposite the direction of the major QRS complex has been demonstrated to have a sensitivity of more than 50% in detecting acute injury, with a specificity of more than 90%. During the first half of an ongoing prospective study of the use of continuous 12-lead ECG monitoring in the emergency department, we encountered five patients with final diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of LBBB who demonstrated significant ECG changes while undergoing continuous ST-segment monitoring with frequent serial ECGs. The five different locations of the infarcts in these five patients were posterior, posterolateral, inferior, anterior, and anterolateral. We present these patients' cases to demonstrate the ECG characteristics of acute injury in the presence of LBBB.
Brugia malayi: effects of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide on adult worms and microfilariae of filarial nematodes.

Abstract There is an urgent need for safe and effective antifilarials. Prior studies have shown that the nitazoxanide (NTZ) exhibits broad activity against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and certain intestinal helminths. We examined the effects of NTZ and tizoxanide (TZ) on Brugia malayi nematodes in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, NTZ and TZ reduced worm motility and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Worm viability was reduced by 50% with both compounds at 2.5 and 20 μg/ml killed adult worms. NTZ or TZ (5 μg/ml) significantly reduced microfilaria release. These compounds blocked worm’s embryogenesis, and decreased microfilarial motility and viability. Treated worms had damaged cuticles and abnormal mitochondria. Wolbachia were not cleared by NTZ or TZ treatment. Neither NTZ nor TZ cleared adult worms or microfilariae in infected gerbils. These results show that NTZ and TZ have potent effects on B. malayi nematodes in vitro. However, they were not effective in vivo.
Threats and Protection of Freshwater Fishes in Poland

After World War II two fish species (Acipenser sturio and Salmo salar) became extinct in Poland. At present there are 8 most endangered species, mostly anadromous and ecologically highly specialized (Petromyzon marinus, Eudontomyzon mariae, Lampetra fluviatilis, Salmo trutta lacustris, Pelecus cultratus, Moroco percnurus, Gobio kessleri, and G. albipinnatus). As much as 58.9% of fishes and lampreys are threatened to various extents. Conservation of species that are going extinct depends upon artificial spawning and stocking, with simultaneous improvement of water quality and prevention of destruction of aquatic habitats.
Increased plasma concentrations of C9, C1-inhibitor and α1-protease inhibitor associated with cigarette smoking

The association between various parameters of acute and chronic smoking status and plasma levels of three proteins, C9, C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were determined for 49 male cigarette smokers and 49 age-matched nonsmokers (mean age = 32.2 years). The mean number of cigarettes smoked was 28.7 per day while the cumulative consumption was only 18.1 pack-years. Plasma levels of all three proteins were significantly higher in the smokers than nonsmokers. Plasma C9 and alpha 1-PI concentrations correlated with cumulative cigarette consumption and plasma nicotine concentrations. While C1-INH concentration did not correlate with either cumulative cigarette consumption or plasma nicotine concentration, it correlated significantly with serum thiocyanate concentration. No consistent correlation was found between plasma concentration of these proteins and parameters of pulmonary function.
Improved image analysis for evaluating concrete damage

The use of images, whether in routine maintenance, or postearthquake reconnaissance, has quickly become the preferred approach to record and archive the exterior damage of existing infrastructure. Postsurvey analysis of these images, coupled with careful record keeping, provide invaluable data regarding the health of a structure. However, often significant amounts of data are obtained, especially for large structures, such as bridges. Therefore an automated procedure, which reliably and robustly reports on damage observed from these images, with minimal human intervention, is desirable. To this end, in this work, we present a statistical-based method for conducting image analysis, specifically for the purpose of evaluating concrete damage (cracks, spalling, etc.). We illustrate the derivation of the method, which is grounded in Bayesian decision theory and subsequently present results of the analysis of images with discrete cracks to illustrate its promise.
Anaerobiosis induced by isoproterenol and glucagon in the presence of restricted coronary inflow.

Abstract Anesthetized mongrel dogs were paced at constant heart rates after creation of complete A-V block by formalin injection. The circumflex artery was narrowed by 50 to 90 per cent using a variable occlusion clamp. Arterial and coronary sinus pH, Po 2 , Pco 2 , lactate and pyruvate levels, aortic and right atrial pressures, aortic and circumflex artery flows, aortic dPdt, and electrocardiogram Lead II were monitored. Recordings were made before and after circumflex narrowing, during and after isoproterenol infusion, 3 mcg. per minute (7 animals); or during and after glucagon infusion, 35 mcg. per minute (7 animals, pre-blocked with propranolol). Isoproterenol caused positive inotropic changes associated with a marked decrease in myocardial lactate extraction (−37.4 per cent), and a decrease in mean aortic pressure. Glucagon infusion caused similar changes of increased inotropy and a decrease in lactate extraction; however, there was no significant change in aortic pressure. It is concluded that in the presence of restricted coronary arterial inflow use of the potent inotropic agents isoproterenol and glucagon may result in progressive deterioration due to excessive energy utilization induced by these agents.
Some New Mutants and Linkage Groups of the House Fly

A search for new mutants in the house fly, Musca domestica L., has been continued and a list of seven new marker strains is included in this paper. They are four eye color mutants, car (carnation), cm (carmine), rb (ruby) and wau ( auburn ); an eye shape mutant, ro (rough) ; a wing shape mutant, ct (cut) ; and a wing vein mutant, Lp (Loop) . Linkage tests to classify 17 marker genes found in this laboratory and obtained from other investigators have been performed. Five linkage groups, which are assumed to represent all the autosomes of the house fly, have been demonstrated. No sex-linked mutant has yet been detected.
Predicting the Handle and Comfort of Military Clothing Fabrics from Sensory and Instrumental Data: Development and Application of New Psychophysical Methods:

Sensory and instrumental fabric characteristics that contribute to military clothing comfort are analyzed in a series of studies. A standardized hand evaluation methodology is checked for its sensi...
A restriction map of the T4 transfer RNA gene cluster.

Abstract Bacteriophage T4 cytosine-containing DNA obtained from the T4 mutant (dCMP hydroxymethylase − , dCTPase − , endonuclease IV − ) was cleaved by restriction endonucleases. Using two independent methods, a restriction map of the T4 tRNA gene cluster region was constructed. In situ hybridization of the DNA fragments with each of the 32 P-labeled T4 tRNAs ordered and positioned the tRNA genes. There are two subclusters of T4 tRNA genes in the tRNA cluster region (Wilson et al. , 1972), which are separated by a distance of about 600 base-pairs. The order of genes with respect to transcription is tRNA Gln , tRNA Leu , tRNA Gly , tRNA Pro , tRNA Ser , tRNA Thr , tRNA Ile in one subcluster, and tRNA Arg , species II RNA and species I RNA for the other subcluster. The overall size of the T4 tRNA gene cluster is about 1600 base-pairs. To further establish the restriction endonuclease map of this region the 5000 base-pair Eco RI fragment, which contains one of the tRNA subclusters, was cloned into a bacteriophage lambda vector (see the following paper). Using the cloned fragment a map for the cleavage sites of 14 restriction endonucleases was constructed by direct methods. The maps obtained by the two procedures are in good agreement.
Operations Management in Engineering Office

This paper documents a comprehensive operations anslysis with the objective of improving production levels at the engineering division of a public agency. The work content and the nature of the problem are representative of a typical engineering office and relate to such activities as filing and engineering computations, drafting, and final checking. Managerial alternatives related to resource reallocation and automation are proposed, and are expected to substantially improve productivity levels after their implementation. The study is conducted, following an organized process of data collection and analysis, problem modeling, generation and testing of alternatives, and recommendation of a service improvement program. The service improvement program aims at a gradual reduction of current backlogs in various operations and developing a stable resource configuration capable of meeting expected workloads. The line‐of‐balance and simulation models were used for generating and evaluating practical means of enh...
Isolation and structural characterization of β-d-glucosyluronic acid and 4-O-methyl β-d-glucosyluronic acid-containing oligosaccharides from the cell-wall pectic polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan I

Abstract Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), a pectic polysaccharide isolated from the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells, was shown by glycosyl-residue composition analysis to contain d -glucosyluronic acid (GlcpA) residues (1 mol%) and 4-O-methyl- d -glucosyluronic acid (4-O-Me-GlcpA) residues (0.5 mol%). These monosaccharides were shown, by glycosyl-linkage analysis, to be present in RG-I as terminal nonreducing residues. The glycosyl sequences containing GlcpA and 4-O-Me-GlcpA were determined by structurally characterizing the acidic oligosaccharides released by partial acid hydrolysis of RG-I. Six acidic oligosaccharides were purified by semipreparative high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and characterized by glycosyl-residue and glycosyl-linkage composition analyses, GLC-CIMS, GLC-EIMS, electrospray MS (ESMS), and 1H NMR spectroscopy. We propose that three of the acidic oligosaccharides characterized, 4-O-Me-β- d -GlcpA-(1 → 6)- d -Gal, β- d -GlcpA-(1 → 6- d -Gal, and β- d -GlcpA-(1 → 4)- d -Gal, originate from the galactosyl-containing side chains of RG-I. The three other acidic oligosaccharides characterized, α- d -GalpA-(1 → 2)- l -Rha, α- d -GalpA-(1 → 2)-α l -Rhap-(1 → 4)-α- d -GalpA-(1 → 2)-α- l -Rha, and α- d -GalpA-(1 → 2)-α- l -Rhap-(1 → 4)-α- d -GalpA-(1 → 2)-α- l -Rhap-(1 → 4)-α- d -GalpA-(1 → 2 )-α- l -Rha, were generated by partial hydrolysis of the RG-I backbone. No evidence was obtained for the presence of galactosyluronic acid in the side chains of RG-I. To our knowledge this is the first report that rhamnogalacturonan I contains glycosyluronic acid or 4-O-methyl glucosyluronic acid residues.
Online learning across ethnicity and age: A study on learning interaction participation, perception, and learning satisfaction

This mixed-method study examined whether online learning interaction participation, perception, and learning satisfaction would be consistent across varied age and ethnicity groups. Data were collected from students enrolled in 28 online courses via content analysis with online interaction transcripts, structural equation modeling with the learning-experience survey responses, and interviewing. The interaction-transcript analysis did not indicate a significant advantage or disadvantage in terms of the quality and quantity of online interaction participation for students of non-traditional age or minority status. However, the structural equation modeling of the survey results indicated that students' minority status was associated with more favorable perception of the learner-to-instructor interaction but lower satisfaction with the web-based distance education.
The Value of Bedside Rounds: A Multicenter Qualitative Study

Background: Bedside rounds have decreased on teaching services, raising concern about trainees’ clinical skills and patient–physician relationships. Purpose: We sought to identify recognized bedside teachers’ perceived value of bedside rounds to assist in the promotion of bedside rounds on teaching services. Methods: Authors used a grounded theory, qualitative study design of telephone semistructured interviews with bedside teachers (n = 34) from 10 U.S. institutions (2010–2011). Main outcomes were characteristics of participants, themes pertaining to the perceived value of bedside rounds, and quotations highlighting each respective theme. Results: The mean years in academic medicine was 13.7, and 51% were associate or full professors. Six main themes emerged: (a) skill development for learners (e.g., physical examination, communication, and clinical decision-making skills); (b) observation and feedback; (c) role-modeling; (d) team building among trainees, attending, and patient; (e) improved patient care...
L2 discretization of atomic and molecular electronic continua: Moment, quadrature and J-matrix techniques

Abstract A review of the process of extraction of continuum information from operators discretized in finite sets of square integrable ( L 2 ) basis functions is given, with emphasis on the close relationships between the Stieltjes method and Gaussian integration. Examples of recent applications are given in the areas of atomic and molecular photoabsorption (He, Ne * , H 2 , Ar * 2 ), Stieltjes determination of e - -atom/molecule resonances (He, He - , Mg - , N - 2 ) and e + -H scattering at intermediate energies. Finally, photoabsorption of H - leading to H + + 2e - is discussed using the J -matrix technique, which involves an infinite L 2 expansion, and combines advantages of the finite L 2 methods with those of the traditional close coupling method.
Biomarkers of Bone Remodeling in Multiple Myeloma Patients to Tailor Bisphosphonate Therapy

Background: Patients with multiple myeloma may be susceptible to osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and stress fractures due to long-term aminobisphosphonate (aBP) therapy. However, it is unknown whether urinary N-telopeptide (NTX) or other bone biomarkers are predictive of skeletal-related events (SRE) or the impact of cessation of aBP therapy on bone remodeling. Methods: We studied markers of bone turnover over a 6-month period after a single dose of zoledronic acid in 29 patients with multiple myeloma in remission who previously received 8 to 12 doses of pamidronate or zoledronate (NCT00577642). Our primary objective was to determine the duration of time urinary NTX levels remain suppressed after a single dose of zoledronate. A secondary objective was to identify and correlate other markers of bone remodeling with NTX changes. Thirty cytokines, based on their possible role in bone remodeling, were tested using cytokine arrays. Candidates were confirmed by ELISA. Results: All patients had continued suppression of NTX levels, except 1 patient who had an increase in NTX levels associated with an SRE. GDF-15 and decorin were found to decrease, whereas bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) increased. Although not significant in aggregate, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin levels increased in at least half of the patients. Conclusion: Our data show that NTX levels continue to be suppressed after aBP therapy, and suggest that suppressed NTX levels may be predictive of freedom from SRE in this patient population. Furthermore, osteoblast suppression by aBP may be reversible in myeloma. These data provide the basis for less frequent dosing of aBPs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 3955–61. ©2014 AACR .
Simultaneous valve replacement and aorta-to-coronary saphenous vein bypass.

Abstract The results of combined valve replacement and coronary artery bypass in 13 patients are presented. The importance of preoperative coronary visualization in all adult patients undergoing valve replacement is emphasized. The techniques by which we have been able to carry out perfusion of the coronary arteries in these patients with coronary atherosclerosis is also demonstrated. The combined attack on both these problems should, with increasing skill, improve the results in patients with combined valve and coronary artery disease.
An experimental investigation of the structural response of reactor fuel plates

In some reactors, thin fuel plates are cooled by water flowing through thin channels on either side of the plates. There is a need to know the amount of deformation in the fuel plates due to the coolant flow so that failures can be avoided. A verifiable solution to this problem in the past has not been available. An experimental-analytical solution to this problem for design purposes has been developed and is herein presented.
An Inverse Stopping Rule for Play-the-Winner Sampling

Abstract Sobel and Weiss [2] have given an inverse sampling stopping rule for selecting the better of two binomial populations. Sampling is done by the play-the-winner method. By including the number of failures in the Sobel-Weiss stopping rule a truncated procedure is obtained with good general properties. In particular, excessive sample sizes are avoided when the population probabilities are small.
Early action word acquisition in normal and language-impaired children

The acquisition of words referring to three types of actions was examined in normally developing and language-impaired children using a nonsense word paradigm. Fourteen language-normal and 10 language-impaired children whose speech was limited to single-word utterances served as subjects. The children were presented with 12 experimental words in 5 sessions over a period of approximately 3 weeks. The experimental words referred to actions that were classified as intransitive, transitive and specific to a particular object, or transitive but performed on 4 different objects. The children in both groups produced few of the action words. However, the groups differed in their comprehension of the three action word types. Specifically, the language-impaired children did not exhibit differences in comprehension across the different types of actions. The language-normal children, however, comprehended fewer words for intransitive actions than for the other types. The implications of these findings for characterizations of early lexical acquisition and for the nature of specific language impairment are addressed.
ON PIGMENTS, GROWTH, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM(1) (2).

SUMMARY A maximum growth rate with doubling time of 18 hr at 18 C could be maintained. Continuous cultures at about half maximum growth rate provided cells for study of pigments and photosynthesis. The light intensity curve of photosynthesis had no unusual features and showed light-saturated rates of 30-35 μl O2/mrn3-hr at 18 C. Pigment analysis showed chlorophylls a and c (a/c ratio = 4), fucoxanthin, β-carotene, and diadinoxanthin. Growth under red light (±660 mμ) altered pigments only by decrease in chlorophyll c to about one-half the content obtained under clear tungsten lamps. The large and anomalous spectral shift in fucoxanthin following organic solvent extraction runs confirmed, but efforts to isolate a native fucoxanthin were unsuccessful. Spectral analysis of acetone extracts and sonicated cell preparations allowed estimate of fractional absorption by each component pigment. The analysis shows that chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin are the principal light absorbing pigments and that absorption by other carotenoids is very small.