cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The biological and biomechanical effects of irradiation on anterior spinal bone grafts in a canine model

We evaluated the effects of irradiation on the healing of anterior vertebral strut grafts with use of a canine model. Through a left thoracotomy, a partial corpectomy of the seventh thoracic vertebra and autogenous iliac strut-grafting from the sixth to the eighth thoracic levels were performed in twenty-two adult beagles. Four groups were established: Group I (control) received no irradiation, Group II received preoperative irradiation, Group III received postoperative irradiation that began on the third postoperative day, and Group IV received postoperative irradiation that began on the twenty-first postoperative day. The irradiation protocol was five treatments of 500 centigray three times a week for a total of 2500 centigray. Fluorochromes were administered at regular intervals postoperatively. The beagles were killed three months postoperatively, and non-destructive biomechanical testing was done to evaluate the stiffness of the construct. The quality of healing at the junctions of the graft with the sixth and eighth thoracic vertebrae, the degree of revascularization of the graft, and the amount of new-bone formation were evaluated histologically. Statistical evaluation of the biomechanical data revealed no significant difference in the stiffness of the construct between Groups I, II, and IV. The specimens from Group III were significantly less stiff than those from Group I (the control group) in torsion (p = 0.03) and left lateral bending (p = 0.04) and than those from Group II in flexion (p = 0.02) and left lateral bending (p = 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rational proofs

We study a new type of proof system, where an unbounded prover and a polynomial time verifier interact, on inputs a string x and a function f, so that the Verifier may learn f(x). The novelty of our setting is that there no longer are "good" or "malicious" provers, but only rational ones. In essence, the Verifier has a budget c and gives the Prover a reward r ∈ [0,c] determined by the transcript of their interaction; the prover wishes to maximize his expected reward; and his reward is maximized only if he the verifier correctly learns f(x). Rational proof systems are as powerful as their classical counterparts for polynomially many rounds of interaction, but are much more powerful when we only allow a constant number of rounds. Indeed, we prove that if f ∈ #P, then f is computable by a one-round rational Merlin-Arthur game, where, on input x, Merlin's single message actually consists of sending just the value f(x). Further, we prove that CH, the counting hierarchy, coincides with the class of languages computable by a constant-round rational Merlin-Arthur game. Our results rely on a basic and crucial connection between rational proof systems and proper scoring rules, a tool developed to elicit truthful information from experts.
A new theory of kink band formation

A theoretical analysis is presented to explain and predict certain consistently observed geometrical characteristics of a kink band, which is often formed in the compression failure of a unidirectional composite. The analysis considers finite bending deformation of the reinforcing fibers and the yielding of the resin material in large shear deformation. The theory yields a twoparameter family of finite microbuckling solutions with periodic wave forms, and a one-parameter family of non-periodic limiting solutions with a single wave form of infinite length. The compression loads associated with the present solutions are significantly smaller than the buckling loads predicted by classical infinitesimal microbuckling theory. The governing failure criterion used in the analysis is that of the maximum bending strain in the fiber. This failure strain may be determined experimentally from loop test of fibers. Reasonably accurate predictions are obtained by the present analysis concerning the orientation angles of the kink band and of the kink boundary. In addition, the present estimates of the kink band width are comparable in magnitude to the experimentally observed values.
"Indirect Relationships, Generalized Exchanges, and Stakeholder Power"

In order to understand the role of indirect relationships in shaping stakeholder power in an interorganizational network, we develop a multi-relational network approach, namely Stakeholder Value Ne...
Quaternion Estimation and Norm Constrained Kalman Filtering

An analysis and comparison of two difierent strategies to implement the quaternion Kalman fllter is presented. Circumstances under which the two strategies are equivalent will be investigated, together with conditions for covariance singularity. Normalization will also be analyzed. Optimality will be shown in a stochastic sense and not only in a geometric sense as previously reported.
Research on Lanchester Attrition-rates Coefficient Estimation

The key of aggregated force attrition modeling based on Lanchester equation is the calibration of attrition-rates coefficient.At present the research on Lanchester attrition-rates coefficient estimation is mainly based on weapon's firepower index,with little consideration about terrain,the probability of LOS and target priority.So the Extended Lanchester Equation was proposed considering the factors of target acquisition probability and target priority,the MLE method was focused on to acquire attrition-rates coefficient,and then the idea was illuminated on how to get the target priority,at last,the technique was explained to deal with Variance and Confidence Interval.With the use of this method,the mixed forces attrition-rates coefficient matrices could be generated and the warfare attrition was computed.
Can the elongated hindwing tails of fluttering moths serve as false sonar targets to divert bat attacks

It has long been postulated that the elongated hindwing tails of many saturniid moths have evolved to create false sonar targets to divert the attack of echolocation-guided bat predators. However, rigorous echo-acoustic evidence to support this hypothesis has been lacking. In this study, fluttering luna moths (Actias luna), a species with elongated hindwing tails, were ensonified with frequency modulated chirp signals from all angles of orientation and across the wingbeat cycle. High-speed stereo videography was combined with pulse compression sonar processing to characterize the echo information available to foraging bats. Contrary to previous suggestions, the results show that the tail echoes are weak and do not dominate the sonar returns, compared to the large, planar wings and the moth body. However, the distinctive twisted morphology of the tails create persistent echoes across all angles of orientation, which may induce erroneous sonar target localization and disrupt accurate tracking by echolocating bats. These findings thus suggest a refinement of the false target hypothesis to emphasize sonar localization errors induced by the twisted tails, and highlight the importance of physics-based approaches to study the sensory information involved in the evolutionary arms race between moths and their bat predators.
Conditions Analysis of Parametric Resonance Between Interphase Power Controller and Associated Power Grid

Risks of parametric resonance exist between interphase power controller(IPC) and the associated power grid.Existing approaches to avoid this phenomenon tend to reduce the range of parameters in IPC.To reveal the mechanism of parametric resonance between IPC and the associated power grid,the π-type equivalent circuits of IPC are established.The reason of parametric resonance between IPC and the associated power grid is the parameters of π-type equivalent circuit and energy storage components in the associated power grid satisfying the resonance conditions.Because the three impedance parameters of π-type are 10 times larger than the equivalent parameters of energy storage components in the associated power grid,the risks of parametric resonance can be greatly reduced.Finally,the single-machine system with IPC15 is set up,and the simulation results prove the correctness of the conclusions of the proposed parameter selection measures.
The reliability of North American seismological stations

Estimates are given for the reliabilities of fifty-eight North American seismic stations, based on I.S.S. P-time residuals of Mexican earthquakes for 1941, 1942, 1943, and 1944. The ten most reliable stations were found to be Tinemaha, Riverside, Pasadena, Mount Wilson, Tucson, Lick, Weston, Palomar, Haiwee, and Seven Falls. The standard deviation of a single P arrival for the more reliable stations is ± 2.0 seconds or greater. A systematic difference in travel times between the California stations and eastern stations, and particularly between Ottawa and the Pasadena group, is strongly suggested. P arrivals at Ottawa are about one second faster than for the Pasadena group.
The Genetics of Offensive Aggression in Mice

Male aggression was the first behavior studied in inbred strains of mice. Differences were found by Scott (1942) and by Ginsburg and Allee (1942) across the same three inbred strains. Here was the first evidence that genetic variants may have an effect on individual differences in male mouse aggression. These two studies also showed the first strain by environment interaction for a mouse behavior. When C57BL/10 mice were transferred from cage to cage by picking them up by forceps on the tail, they were more aggressive than when they were transferred from cage to cage in a small box or allowed to do so on their own. This treatment had no effect on the aggressive behaviors of the other strains (C3H and Bagg albino [BALB/c]). This finding was replicated (Ginsburg & Jummonville, 1967). Also, the study of Ginsburg and Allee showed for the first time that individual difference in aggression suspected to be due to genes could be modified by experience. Mice of the most pacific strain could be rendered aggressive by helping them to win fights, and mice of the most pugnacious strain could be rendered pacific by subjecting them to a series of defeats. This chapter considers (1) the description and measurements of two kinds of aggression: offense and defense, (2) experiential parameters for tests of male offense, (3) the effect of the interactions between genes and the experimental parameters on male offense and on the underlying biological systems, (4) whether the same genes are involved in male offense and female aggression, and (5) a comparative genetics of aggression in which the genetics of offense in mice and other animals can be related to human aggression.
Afterword: Future Directions

At the beginning of this study, we stated that six themes would be pursued and that these would form a framework within which conflicts and disputes, at widely different social levels, would be considered. These themes were: (i) The basic concepts involved in any analysis of social and international conflict. (ii) The different types of conflict that could be distinguished. (iii) The sources of conflicts. (iv) The major behavioural patterns and processes involved when parties found themselves in situations of goal incompatibility. (v) Exacerbating and dampening factors and influences upon conflict processes. (vi) The various forms of conflict termination from victory or extermination, to a solution reached with the assistance of some third party.
Advances in Factor Replication

Factor investing has gained widespread acceptance among institutional investors. Some investors believe it is preferable to stratify the investment universe into factors to manage portfolio risk more effectively, while other investors focus on factors because they believe they yield risk premiums. Factors such as economic variables are not directly investable. Investors, therefore, need to identify a combination of securities that tracks the movements in the economic variable. Other factors, however, are directly investable, such as securities with a certain attribute. Often times, though, investors choose to invest in a subset of the factor securities that are inexpensive to trade. In order to identify the best factor-tracking portfolio, investors must estimate covariances from historical observations whose realizations in the future are prone to several types of estimation error. We introduce a non-parametric procedure to account for estimation error, which enables us to incorporate the relative stability of covariances directly into the factor replication process. We show that adjusting for the stability of covariances in this way produces replicating portfolios that are significantly more reliable than portfolios that are blind to estimation error or formed using Bayesian shrinkage.
Ectopic trophoblast allografts in the horse resist destruction by secondary immune responses.

Invasive trophoblast from Day 34 horse conceptuses survives in extrauterine sites in allogeneic recipients that are immunologically naive to donor major histocompatibility complex class I antigens. The ectopic trophoblast retains its in utero characteristics, including similar lifespan, physiologic effect of its secreted product (equine chorionic gonadotropin) upon the recipient's ovaries, and induction of host immune responses. Immunologic memory has not been considered previously in this experimental system. We hypothesized that primary exposure to ectopic trophoblast would affect the recipient's immune status such that the survival time of subsequent transplants would be altered. Secondary transplant lifespans could be shortened by destructive memory responses, as has been observed in ectopic trophoblast studies in rodents, or lengthened, as occurs when male skin grafts follow multiple syngeneic pregnancies in mice. Eight mares received two closely spaced trophoblast transplants. Both grafts for each recipient were obtained from conceptuses sired by the same stallion to provide consistency in histocompatibility antigen exposure. Donor stallions were major histocompatibility complex class I homozygotes. Cytotoxic antibody production was tracked to monitor recipients' immune responses to the transplants. Detection of serum equine chorionic gonadotropin was used as a proxy for transplant lifespan. There was no significant difference between the distributions of primary and secondary transplant lifespans, despite evidence of immunologic memory. These data demonstrate that secondary ectopic trophoblast transplants in horses do not experience earlier destruction or prolonged survival following immune priming of recipients. Mechanisms responsible for the eventual demise of the transplants remain unperturbed by secondary immune responses or chronic antigenic exposure.
Dimension Reduction for Tensor Classification

This article develops a sufficient dimension reduction method for high dimensional regression with tensor predictors, which extends the conventional vector-based dimension reduction model. It proposes a tensor dimension reduction model that assumes that a response depends on some low-dimensional representation of tensor predictors through an unspecified link function. A sequential iterative dimension reduction algorithm (SIDRA) that effectively utilizes the tensor structure is proposed to estimate the parameters. The SIDRA generalizes the method in Zhong and Suslick (2012), which proposes an iterative estimation algorithm for matrix classification. Preliminary studies demonstrate that the tensor dimension reduction model is a rich and flexible framework for high dimensional tensor regression, and SIDRA is a powerful and computationally efficient method.
The McDonaldization of Higher Education

(2004). The McDonaldization of Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 368-370.
Fat on Campus: Fat College Students and Hyper(in)visible Stigma

This article examines fat college students’ experiences of stigma. Fourteen college students and recent graduates describe their experiences of discrimination and stigma during their college career...
Leave the browser behind: Placing discovery within the user's workflow

As library discovery and delivery has largely moved online, the scholarly workflow of academic researchers has become increasingly fragmented. Faculty are using a variety of software solutions to find, retrieve, organize, annotate, cite, and share information, including library resources. This article discusses the significance of situating discovery, the act of finding new information, within software central to the research workflow, such as citation management or word processing software. The current status of discovery of library resources within citation management software is outlined, along with expected future developments. Utilizing findings from two Mellon funded studies, it explores the challenges users face in managing their individual scholarly workflows, and recommends optimizations designed to mitigate information loss and increase researcher productivity.
Utilization of mental health resources and complementary and alternative therapies for alopecia areata: A U.S. survey

Background: The efficacy of traditional medical treatments for alopecia areata (AA) is limited, leading some to pursue alternative treatments. The utilization and nature of these treatments are unclear. Objective: To assess the extent to which patients with AA pursue alternative treatments and to characterize these treatments. Methods: A 13-item electronic survey was E-mailed by the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) to their patient database and shared on the NAAF social media to individuals with AA. Results: Of 1083 respondents, 78.1% of patients were very or somewhat unsatisfied, compared to 7.7% who were very or somewhat satisfied with the current medical treatments for AA. Approximately a third of patients pursued therapy-related mental health services (31.2%) and attended support groups (29.0%). Patients were more likely to pursue a mental health-related therapy if they had long-standing alopecia, or if they were young, female, or white. Limitations: This was a convenience sample of patients recruited online and via the NAAF AA registry. Conclusion: Many patients with AA are dissatisfied with current treatments and are seeking mental health treatment for AA. While the efficacy of alternative therapies is unknown, further research is needed to determine their role in the treatment of AA.
Survivorship Care Plan Implementation in US Cancer Programs: a National Survey of Cancer Care Providers

Survivorship care plans (SCPs)—documents intended to improve care for cancer survivors who have completed active treatment—are required, yet implementation is poor. We sought to understand SCP implementation in cancer programs in the USA with the objective of identifying opportunities for improvement. We recruited cancer care providers in the USA via several cancer care networks to participate in a survey regarding SCP implementation. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data. Three hundred ninety-five providers from diverse cancer programs in 47 states and Washington, DC responded to the survey. The timing of SCP implementation varied across and within cancer programs, with approximately 40% of respondents reporting developing SCPs more than 3 months after primary treatment or adjuvant therapy completion. Nurse navigators were responsible for 48–58% of each stage of SCP implementation. Processes that could have been automated often occurred in-person or via phone and vice versa. Respondents reported spending more than 2 h per SCP to complete all stages of implementation, of which less than a third was reimbursed by third-party payers. We identified several opportunities for improving SCP implementation, including broadening the base of responsibility, optimizing modes of communication, decreasing the time required and increasing the funding available, and limiting variation in SCP implementation across and within cancer programs. Future work should assess the influence of approaches to SCP implementation on desired outcomes.
Somatothymia: Parts I and II

The development of affective language is a complex process that may be influenced by sociocultural, psychodynamic, developmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors. This article, published in two parts, discusses the multidimensional factors influencing the acquisition and expression of affective language. The terms somatothymia and somatothymic language, derived from the concept of alexithymia, are introduced to describe the phenomenon of utilizing somatic language to communicate psychological distress.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal: A Product of Many Minds

Franklin Delano Roosevelt looms large in American history as the man who led his country through the Great Depression and a World War. His dominance of the presidency and in American citizens' hearts and minds before and after he died make his personal and political impact in the Great Depression seem perhaps greater than they were. Certainly, he held great sway over the American people and can claim major responsibility for the New Deal and its policies but he was not the sole contributor, and certainly not to the values of the time. While Roosevelt may have instigated many of the governmental policies during the Great Depression, many other people contributed to the New Deal in response to a set of values that had begun to change even before Roosevelt took office. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol14/iss1/6 Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal: A Product of Many Minds
Giant reduction and tunability of the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes through low-frequency resonant modes

Manipulating thermal transport by designing materials with control of their properties over the entire spectral range of vibrational frequencies would provide a unique path to create solids with designer thermal conductivities. Traditional routes of nanostructuring to reduce the vibrational thermal conductivity of solids typically target narrow bands of the vibrational energy spectrum, which is often based on the characteristic dimensions of the nanostructure. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to simultaneously impact the phonon transport of both high- and low-frequency modes by creating defects that act as both high-frequency phonon scattering sites while coherently manipulating low-frequency waves via resonance with the long wavelength phonons. We use atomistic simulations to identify fullerenes functionalized on the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as efficient phonon blocks realized through localized resonances that appear due to hybridization between the modes of the fullerene and the underlying CNT. We show that with a large surface coverage and high periodicity in the inclusion of the covalently bonded fullerenes, the thermal conductivity of individual CNTs can be lowered by more than an order of magnitude, thus providing a large tunability in the thermal transport across these materials. We prescribe the large reduction in thermal conductivity to a combination of resonant phonon localization effects leading to phonon band anticrossings and vibrational scattering effects due to the inclusion of the strongly bonded fullerene molecules.
Abstract 4630: Characterizing oncogene addiction in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma reveals novel strategies for combination therapy

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. The aggressive alveolar subtype (aRMS) is characterized by chromosomal translocations, most often a t(2;13) resulting in the expression of the oncogenic fusion protein PAX3-FOXO1 which is critical for tumorigenesis and cell survival. Our aim here was to identify a pharmacological combination therapy approach interfering with PAX3-FOXO1 biology at different levels. Since loss of the fusion protein results in cell death, we first aimed to pharmacologically enhance this effect. To this end, we screened aRMS tumor cells with a library of 208 drugs while simultaneously silencing PAX3-FOXO1 by shRNA. This identified the BH3-mimetic ABT-263 to sensitize aRMS cells to cell death after PAX3-FOXO1 depletion. To further characterize the cell death mechanisms we used combined shRNA and CRISPR approaches to perform a BH3 protein profiling. In accordance with identification of ABT-263 we demonstrate that aRMS cells undergo intrinsic apoptosis in a NOXA-dependent manner upon depletion of PAX3-FOXO1. In a parallel approach, and to identify drugs altering PAX3-FOXO1 protein stability, we screened the same drug library directly measuring fusion protein levels as read-out. This revealed that inhibition of Aurora kinase A negatively affects PAX3-FOXO1 protein levels. Finally, using both aRMS cell lines and patient-derived xenografts we demonstrate that combination treatment of Aurora kinase A inhibitors together with ABT-263 synergistically induces cell death and greatly slows tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data show a novel functional interaction of Aurora kinase A and PAX3-FOXO1 and suggest new opportunities for targeted combination treatment of aRMS. Citation Format: Johannes Ommer, Marco Wachtel, Beat W. Schaefer. Characterizing oncogene addiction in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma reveals novel strategies for combination therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630.
Characterization of three pairs of prostate cells lines derived from tumor and adjacent normal tissues

1974 Paired cell lines have been derived from tumor and adjacent normal tissue from three prostate cancer specimens. These lines were immortalized with genes from human papilloma virus. The line OPCT-1 was from a tumor sample obtained from a 68 year old patient with TNM Stage T1cN0M0 and a Gleason score of 6 (3+3). The OPCN-1 line was from the adjacent normal tissue of this patient. The OPCT-2 and OPCN-2 lines were similarly derived from a 58 year old patient with T2aN0M0 and Gleason score of 5 (2+3). The OPCT-3 and OPCN-3 lines were from a 54 year old patient with T3aN0M0 and Gleason score of 4 (2+2). None of the patients received chemo- or hormonal therapy before surgery. The doubling times of the OPCT-1 (1.1d) and OPCT-2 (1.8d) lines in culture are shorter than those for their adjacent normal lines (OPCN-1 = 2.7d; OPCN-2 = 2.9d). In contrast, the doubling time for OPCT-3 (2.1d) is not significantly different from that for OPCN-3 (2.3d). In a methylcellulose-based clonogenic attachment-independent growth assay, only the three tumor-derived lines formed colonies in these cultures, indicating that they are tumor derived. The results of spectral karyotype analysis from 10 mitotic figures each demonstrated variable chromosome numbers and numerous aberrations (both clonal and non-clonal). OPCT-1 has an average number of 49 (range = 48-50) chromosomes with trisomy 8, 9 and 20 observed for almost all mitotic figures, plus a chromosome 5 fragment. Two clonal translocations were detected as t(3; 8) and t(9; 19). The range of chromosome numbers was 60-86 for OPCT-2 and there were multiple chromosomal fragments. Two clonal translocations were detected as t(1; 3) and t(4; 5). For 7 out of 10 mitotic figures, non-clonal chromosomal aberrations (translocations) were detected indicating an unstable genome. The chromosome numbers of OPCT-3 vary from 62-110. Three clonal translocations were detected as t(10; 21), t(20; 13) and dic(14; 14). The adjacent normal lines also had aberrant karyotypes with multiple non-clonal aberrations. The range of chromosomes numbers were 59-84 for OPCN-1 with two clonal translocations [t(9; 17) and t(9; 19)], 78-94 for OPCN-2 with two clonal translocations [t(4; 19) and t(19; 4; 19; 4; 19)], and 62-78 for OPCN-3 with four clonal translocations as [t(3; 14), t(1; 10; 14), t(14; 15), and t(6; 22)]. These results indicate that although the lines derived from adjacent normal tissue are functionally different from the tumor derived lines, the karyotype analysis indicates that they have a considerable degree of genomic instability. This may reflect the inherent diversity and heterogeneity of the cancerous prostate gland.
The Differences in Inappropriate Behavior and Instructional Interactions in Sheltered and Nonsheltered Work Environments.

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the nature and frequency of the instructional interactions and work-related behavior of 15 workers in nonsheltered vocational environments to 15 workers in sheltered environments. Workers in nonsheltered and sheltered environments were observed using a discontinuous time sampling procedure for approximately three 1-hour sessions. Data were collected during work and break times on instructional interactions between the workers with disabilities and their co-workers and supervisors. Additionally, data were collected on the frequency of eight categories of behavior labeled as inappropriate by observers. The results revealed that the workers in nonsheltered environments engaged in significantly more instructional interactions with supervisors and exhibited significantly fewer occurrences of inappropriate behavior.
Intricate genetic programs controlling dormancy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), responsible for the deadliest infectious disease worldwide, displays the remarkable ability to transition in and out of dormancy, a hallmark of the pathogen’s capacity to evade the immune system and opportunistically exploit immunocompromised individuals. Uncovering the gene regulatory programs that underlie the dramatic phenotypic shifts in MTB during disease latency and reactivation has posed an extraordinary challenge. We developed a novel experimental system to precisely control dissolved oxygen levels in MTB cultures in order to capture the chain of transcriptional events that unfold as MTB transitions into and out of hypoxia-induced dormancy. Using a comprehensive genome-wide transcription factor binding location map and insights from network topology analysis, we identified regulatory circuits that deterministically drive sequential transitions across six transcriptionally and functionally distinct states encompassing more than three-fifths of the MTB genome. The architecture of the genetic programs explains the transcriptional dynamics underlying synchronous entry of cells into a dormant state that is primed to infect the host upon encountering favorable conditions. One Sentence Summary High-resolution transcriptional time-course reveals six-state genetic program that enables MTB to enter and exit hypoxia-induced dormancy.
Microtubule binding of the kinesin-4 KIF7 and its regulation by autoinhibition

Abstract KIF7 is a member of the kinesin-4 family and plays critical roles in Hedgehog signaling in vertebrate cells. KIF7 is an atypical kinesin as it binds to microtubules but is immotile. We demonstrate that, like conventional kinesins, KIF7 is regulated by autoinhibition as the full-length motor cannot bind to microtubules whereas truncated versions bind statically to microtubules in cells. Previous work suggested that truncated KIF7 motors bind preferentially to the plus ends of microtubules in vitro, however, we find that truncated KIF7 does not bind preferentially to or track the plus ends of growing microtubules in mammalian cells or in cell extracts. Although the truncated KIF7 did alter microtubule dynamics in cells, this property is not specific to KIF7 as expression of an active kinesin-1 motor also altered microtubule growth rates. The immotile behavior of KIF7 is not due to the extended neck linker domain as its deletion does not activate KIF7 for motility and its presence in a KIF5C/KIF7 chimeric motor does not prevent processive motility. Together this work indicates that the atypical kinesin KIF7 is regulated by autoinhibition to prevent binding to microtubules and alteration of microtubule dynamics in cells.
Observed Q and Gravitationally-Small Antenna Behavior of a Binary Black Hole Radiator

Recent theoretical advances have provided an analytical expression for the Q of gravitationally-small sources of gravitational radiation, along lines similar to the Wheeler-Chu limit for electrically-small antennas. This paper presents the first published results using this new theory to analyze the Q of a black-hole inspiral, using observed transient gravitational wave data from the GW170608 black-hole merger. Despite the astronomical scale of a radiation source comprised of two black holes having upwards of 7 solar masses each, the GW170608 binary black hole is shown to be a gravitationally-small high-Q radiator at the very low frequencies of the gravitational waves.
A turbulent time: government sources post-2016 presidential election

Since the 2016 presidential election, hyper-partisanship has become a regular facet of the political landscape with Democrats and Republicans in increasing conflict. The purpose of this paper is to determine if perception of government sources related to trust and credibility has changed since the 2016 election and if the experiences and strategies of librarians who teach or consult about government information has changed in response to this environment.,A 24-question survey was distributed to garner qualitative and quantitative responses from librarians who teach or consult about government information in an academic environment. A total of 122 responses were used for analysis.,Academic librarians are seeing more concern from patrons about disappearing online government information and wider distrust of government information. Librarians also noticed that the political leanings of students color their perspective around government sources and that librarians also need to keep their political beliefs in check. Respondents emphasized a need for more government literacy and information literacy topics when discussing evaluation of government sources.,The data collection only included responses from academic librarians. Further research could include in-depth interviews and look at experiences in various library types.,With the timeliness of this topic, there has not been an in-depth investigation into how the Trump administration has changed user trust and perception of government sources from the librarian’s point of view. This paper continues the conversation about how librarians can address the growing distrust of government information and give us insight into the effects of a turbulent political climate on government sources.
Outcome Reporting Patterns in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background There has been a shift toward using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to capture functional improvement and patient satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Because there is no standard measure or set of measures, variability in reporting patterns makes comparison across studies difficult. Methods We performed a review of the literature using the keywords "total hip arthroplasty" and "total hip replacement" to electronically search PubMed, using the date range August 1, 2014, to August 1, 2019. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that were published in 12 high-impact journals were analyzed. Results One hundred and fifty-nine RCTs were included. The most common topic of investigation was hip implant design and materials, followed by the effect of different hip approaches on patient outcomes. The follow-up period was classified as short-term ( 10 years). Only 6% of the RCTs reported long-term outcomes. The comprehensiveness of studies was determined on the basis of how many of the 7 following outcome domains were assessed: subjective hip function (PROMs), objective outcome measures (examination findings, laboratory values, etc.), imaging analysis, survivorship, patient satisfaction, pain assessment, and postoperative complications. Subjective hip function and imaging findings were the most commonly reported outcome domains, while implant survivorship and patient satisfaction were the least frequently reported. There was substantial variation in outcome reporting, with 35 unique PROMs utilized to assess subjective hip function. Although the Harris hip score was the most commonly used joint-specific PROM, it was only reported in 42% of the studies. None of the RCTs reported results in all 7 outcome domains, and 13.8% of studies reported results in only 1 outcome domain. Conclusions There is substantial variability and a lack of comprehensiveness in outcome measures used to report results in THA clinical trials, making it nearly impossible to perform cross-study comparisons. Clinical relevance There is an immediate need for the establishment of a standardized set of measures to allow comparison of outcomes across studies.
Interactive commemoration in the Sacro Bosco

One of the most enigmatic and mysterious constructions of the sixteenth century, Vicino Orsini’s Sacro Bosco, located in the hillsides of Bomarzo, just outside of Viterbo, Italy, has been a frequen...
Aortic Root Replacement with Autologous Pericardium Valved Conduit

Available aortic prosthesis replacement options are challenged to achieve low perioperative morbidity, low pressure gradients, and prolonged durability. Trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction using autologous pericardium offers an alternative treatment option with excellent postoperative gradients, large effective orifice areas, and the avoidance of long-term anticoagulation. The modified Bentall procedure with either tissue xenograft valved conduit or mechanical valved conduit is considered the gold standard for patients with aortic root pathology requiring surgical replacement. We report a novel adaptation of the modified Bentall procedure with a self-fabricated valved conduit with trileaflet aortic valve neocuspidization using autologous pericardium. Currently available aortic prosthesis replacement options are challenged to achieve low perioperative morbidity, low pressure gradients, and prolonged durability. Trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction using autologous pericardium with the AVNeoTM system offers an alternative treatment option with excellent postoperative gradients, large effective orifice areas, and the avoidance of long-term anticoagulation1. Professor Ozaki reported excellent durability with over 95% of patients free from reoperation at 10-years1. The modified Bentall procedure with prosthesis valved conduit is considered the gold standard for patients with aortic root pathology requiring surgical replacement2. We report a novel adaptation of the modified Bentall procedure with a self-fabricated valved conduit with trileaflet aortic valve neocuspidization using autologous pericardium with the AVNeoTM system. Since the AVNeoTM template is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved device for treatment of aortic valve diseases1, institutional review board approval for this procedure was not necessary.
Musculoskeletal Imaging for Dermatologists: Techniques in the Diagnosis and Management of Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory condition affecting up to 30% of patients with psoriasis. Patients may experience irreversible joint damage if not treated early, and diagnostic delays of even 6 months are associated with radiographic progression and impaired function. Therefore, early detection and intervention are of critical importance in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Given that psoriasis often precedes symptoms of psoriatic arthritis, dermatologists are uniquely positioned to identify patients with psoriatic arthritis early in their disease course, before permanent damage has occurred. Several screening tools have been developed to help dermatologists identify patients who may have psoriatic arthritis, but these tools may not capture patients with subclinical disease or quantify the type and severity of the underlying tissue insult, which is often the presenting sign of psoriatic arthritis. In these cases, a combination of clinical assessment and musculoskeletal imaging (e.g., ultrasound) is required. This review summarizes three common musculoskeletal imaging techniques used in the diagnosis and management of patients with psoriatic arthritis: conventional radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Further understanding of musculoskeletal imaging will assist dermatologists in making treatment decisions and allow them to have a more active role in the detection of psoriatic arthritis.
An Efficient Embryonic Hardware Architecture based on Network-on-Chip

Embryonic Hardware (EmHW) is commonly used in several domains due to its ability to self-heal and reconfigure itself as needed. The main challenges of the current EmHW method are high average delay and low throughput. This paper proposes an efficient EmHW approach based on Network-on-Chip (NoC) to improve system performance. In the proposed method, EmHW consists of multiple cells, and the proposed cell has better performance than the traditional EmHW cell. The NoC is used to provide flexible communication between the cells. The proposed method is implemented and tested using VHDL on Altera Arria 10 GX FPGA. The proposed method improves the throughput by up to 92% and decreases average delay by up to 80% at a small area overhead. The method is tested using multiple traffic patterns, and the results show the effectiveness and viability of the proposed method for both delay and throughput.
Molecular characterization of Borna virus RNA

Borna disease virus is cell-associated in infected animals. Antibodies in animals are directed against BDV proteins of 38/39, 24, and 14.5 kD. cDNA clones that encode these proteins hybridize to five mRNAs of 10.5, 3.6, 2.1, 1.4, and 0.85 kb. The 10.5, 3.6, 2.1, and 0.85 kb RNAs are 3′ co-terminal; the 1.4 kb RNA is contained within the 10.5, 3.6, and 2.1 kb species but is not 3′ co-terminal. A negative strand 10 kb RNA is also present in infected cells. To determine which of the large 10 kb species represents the genomic RNA, strand-specific probes were used for Northern analyses of RNA from infectious particles isolated by Freon extraction of BDV-infected rat brain. RNA purified from these particles contained both positive and negative sense 10 kb species. Treatment of particles with RNaseA before isolation of RNA resulted in detection of only negative strand species, suggesting that BDV is a negative strand RNA virus. However, the genomic organization of BDV is unlike any known negative strand RNA virus.
A Rejoinder to Leon Salzman

What Salzman fails to appreciate is that I am not writing about specific psychodynamic and specific behavior therapists. My primary concern is with two distinct approaches that characterize psychodynamic therapists, on the one hand, and behavior therapists, on the other, regardless of their individual positions on either the psychodynamic or behavioral spectrum. Salzman is certainly correct in his contention that contemporary psychoanalysts and psychodynamic therapists are less rigid, more eclectic, and more open to new ideas than were their predecessors. And, as I have often tried to make clear, a similar state of affairs exists within the domain of behavior therapy.
Tine test compliance in a clinic setting.

Parental compliance in keeping a return appointment for the purpose of having their child9s Tuberculin Tine test read was studied in the setting of a large urban pediatric clinic. This compliance rate was found to be 72%. Various factors which could potentially affect compliance with this procedure were examined, and the only factor which correlated significantly was family size. A modified system whereby parents read their child9s Tine test in the home setting and reported the test results to the clinic by mail (a method used today in many pediatric outpatient departments) was implemented and evaluated. With this new system, the compliance rate increased to 90%.
Utilizing Undergraduate Assistants In General Education Courses

This conceptual article relates a best-practice paradigm for undergraduate faculty who teach relatively large, undergraduate, general education courses and utilize an undergraduate teaching assistant (TA). Suggested characteristics for successful TAs are related as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivators that help recruit quality assistants. Five factors are shared that are believed to have made an undergraduate TA program successful for 20 years: the quality of students recruited, helping students to handle well their peer-relationships with students in the class, learning which items can and cannot successfully be delegated to TAs, harnessing the potency of relationships, and maintaining a healthy benefit/cost equilibrium with TAs.
Intermediate Real Analysis

In this chapter we will review, by way of problems, the hierarchy of definitions and results concerning continuous, differentiable, and integrable functions. We will build on the reader’s understanding of limits to review the most important definitions (continuity in Section 6.1, differentiability in Section 6.3, and integrability in Section 6.8). We will also call attention to the most important properties of these classes of functions. It is useful to know, for example, that if a problem involves a continuous function, then we might be able to apply the intermediate-value theorem or the extreme-value theorem; or again, if the problem involves a differentiable function, we might expect to apply the mean-value theorem. Examples of these applications are included in this chapter, as well as applications of L’Hopital’s rule and the fundamental theorem of calculus.
Challenges in measuring insoluble dietary fiber.

Objectives of this review are to define criteria for evaluating insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) methods, discuss their relevance in meeting the nutritional needs of ruminants and herbivores, describe problems with empirical IDF methods, and assess their relative merits. The challenge for the researcher, nutritionist, and analyst is to select fiber methods that are relevant and reproducible. Without relevance, there is no reason to measure IDF, and without reproducibility, there is no value in doing so. Insoluble dietary fiber is a complex matrix of chemical components, and there are no primary standards that can be used to establish the validity of methods. Thus, the definition of fiber is crucial in determining method relevance. For ruminants and nonruminant herbivores, the appropriate physiological definition for selecting IDF methods may be as follows: the organic fraction of the diet that is indigestible or slowly digesting and occupies space in the gastrointestinal tract. Crude fiber does not match this definition, and its use should be abandoned. Acid detergent fiber does not measure all IDF but is useful when included with other dietary fiber methods to describe some feeds. Several current methods, including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and enzymatic-gravimetric methods, are relevant for measuring IDF. In a collaborative study, aNDF obtained a standard deviation of reproducibility (SD(R)) of 1.3%. Enzymatic-gravimetric methods of measuring IDF have been evaluated using too few feed materials to make statistically valid conclusions, but the SD(R)f IDF, for the few feeds evaluated, were similar to aNDF (0.9 to 2.4%). The enzymatic-chemical method of measuring IDF as the sum of insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin agrees with NDF, but the SDR of neutral sugar analysis using acid hydrolysis and chromatography is greater (3.2%) than other dietary fiber methods. Empirical methods--such as those used to measure IDF, although based on nutritional concepts--actually define the fraction being measured and must be followed exactly, without modification. The selection of a suitable method for IDF depends on the purpose of analysis. Analysis of sugars in insoluble polysaccharides provides more information but is less reproducible and more expensive to obtain. For routine nutritive evaluation of feeds and formulation of rations, aNDF seems to be a reasonable choice for measuring IDF based on relevance and reproducibility.