cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrative review of maternal distress during neonatal intensive care hospitalization

To synthesize literature addressing maternal distress and associated variables in response to infant hospitalization in the NICU. CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus were searched for studies addressing maternal distress during NICU hospitalization published between January 2009 and August 2019. The initial literature search yielded 862 articles. Articles were included for analysis if (a) they were peer-reviewed, (b) maternal distress was defined or measured, and (c) maternal distress occurred in the NICU. Ultimately, 33 articles were included for analysis. Distress symptoms were not consistently measured across the literature by one specific instrument. However, despite the variety of instruments, distress was prevalent in this population. Individual elements of maternal distress in the NICU include depression, anxiety, trauma, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. These elements often occur together and tend to follow a specific trajectory during hospitalization. This body of literature was inconsistent regarding the timing of distress measurement as well as the relationship between relevant associated variables (e.g., marital status or infant illness severity) and maternal distress. Additionally, researchers often excluded mothers of non-preterm infants and infants with congenital anomalies from investigation. Researchers and clinicians should carefully consider timing and instrumentation in their interpretations of maternal distress measurement during a NICU hospitalization. Future work should focus on developing a comprehensive, valid, and reliable screening tool for clinicians and researchers to use to identify maternal distress in the NICU. Additionally, future research should address gaps in the populations included in studies.
Variants in PPP2R2B and IGF2BP3 are associated with higher tau deposition.

Tau deposition is a key biological feature of Alzheimer's disease that is closely related to cognitive impairment. However, it remains poorly understood why certain individuals may be more susceptible to tau deposition while others are more resistant. The recent availability of in vivo assessment of tau burden through positron emission tomography provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that common genetic variants may influence tau deposition. We performed a genome-wide association study of tau-positron emission tomography on a sample of 754 individuals over age 50 (mean age 72.4 years, 54.6% men, 87.6% cognitively unimpaired) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Linear regression was performed to test nucleotide polymorphism associations with AV-1451 (18F-flortaucipir) tau-positron emission tomography burden in an Alzheimer's-signature composite region of interest, using an additive genetic model and covarying for age, sex and genetic principal components. Genome-wide significant associations with higher tau were identified for rs76752255 (P = 9.91 × 10-9, β = 0.20) in the tau phosphorylation regulatory gene PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B) and for rs117402302 (P = 4.00 × 10-8, β = 0.19) near IGF2BP3 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3). The PPP2R2B association remained genome-wide significant after additionally covarying for global amyloid burden and cerebrovascular disease risk, while the IGF2BP3 association was partially attenuated after accounting for amyloid load. In addition to these discoveries, three single nucleotide polymorphisms within MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) displayed nominal associations with tau-positron emission tomography burden, and the association of the APOE (apolipoprotein E) ɛ4 allele with tau-positron emission tomography was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.06, β = 0.07). No associations with tau-positron emission tomography burden were identified for other single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Alzheimer's disease clinical diagnosis in prior large case-control studies. Our findings nominate PPP2R2B and IGF2BP3 as novel potential influences on tau pathology which warrant further functional characterization. Our data are also supportive of previous literature on the associations of MAPT genetic variation with tau, and more broadly supports the inference that tau accumulation may have a genetic architecture distinct from known Alzheimer's susceptibility genes, which may have implications for improved risk stratification and therapeutic targeting.
Improvement Scheme for Abnormal Starting of Line Fault Recorder in 500kV Booster Station

When the fault recorder of 500kV booster station of a power plant is started, the composite voltage start light of B set of bus differential protection is on, and other protections have no action[1]. Further inspection shows that it is an out of area action. The line protection system of the power plant adopts the dual configuration of the RCS-931 line protection and the abb line protection of Nari. The grounding distance protection with the characteristic of impedance circle and the bus compound voltage protection are introduced to avoid the expansion of the accident scope caused by the misoperation of the protection, which provides reference and for the line protection configuration[2].
Anxiety Explains Self-Differentiation: Implications for Bowenian Approaches to Marriage and Family Therapy

This study examined the Bowenian construct of Self-Differentiation (SD), defined as the degree to which a person can think according to their personal beliefs while remaining emotionally connected ...
Liquidity and the Strategic Value of Information

We offer a simple, intuitive and empirically useful expression quantifying the value of asset-specific information to a strategic trader. The value of information reflects the ratio of return volatility to price impact measured using a version of Kyle's lambda. While volatility and illiquidity are highly correlated, their ratio fluctuates markedly giving rise to considerable variation in the value of information over time and across stocks. Using high frequency data on US stocks, we find that the value of information rises dramatically during crises and on earnings announcement days, and falls at calendar year ends. Furthermore, the value of information is higher for large, growth, and momentum stocks. The most dramatic spikes in the value of information occur at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis of 2008, when the Fed announces novel liquidity facilities. Such policy interventions aimed at improving liquidity may unintentionally increase the private incentives to collect information.
Chalcopyrite-dissolved Cu isotope exchange at hydrothermal conditions: Experimental constraints at 350 °C and 50 MPa

Abstract This study presents experimental copper isotope (65Cu/63Cu) fractionation data between chalcopyrite and dissolved Cu at physiochemical conditions representative of high temperature mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal environments. The experimental data are compared with chemical and Cu isotope data from high temperature fluids and chalcopyrite sampled from the Main Endeavour Field and ASHES hydrothermal fields located along the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Specifically, three long-term (>250–2500 hr) chalcopyrite recrystallization experiments were conducted at 350 °C and 50 MPa in acidic chloride-bearing fluid. One of the experiments contained 57Fe isotope tracer to quantify reaction progress and the extent of exchange between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe, which serves as a proxy for Cu isotope exchange ( Syverson et al., 2017 ). The dissolved 57Fe tracer demonstrated rapid isotope exchange between chalcopyrite and dissolved metals within the duration of the long term experiments, approximately 2500 hr, where complete exchange was achieved within approximately 1000 hr. The experimentally determined δ65Cu equilibrium fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Cu, Δ 65 C u [ C p y - C u a q ] = −0.22 ± 0.16‰ (1σ), is comparable in sign and magnitude to theoretical predictions. Comparison of the δ65Cu values of chimney-derived chalcopyrite and hydrothermal fluids sampled from the Main Endeavour Field and ASHES hydrothermal systems demonstrate a range in (dis)equilibrium from theoretical and experimental Δ 65 C u [ C p y - C u a q ] constraints, possibly due to temporal fluctuations in the δ65Cu value of hydrothermal fluid associated with changes in the physiochemical processes controlling Cu mass transfer in the subseafloor. Overall, the small Δ 65 C u [ C p y - C u a q ] effectively allows chalcopyrite to be a reliable recorder of the variability in the δ65Cu value of end-member hydrothermal fluids throughout the temporal evolution of MOR hydrothermal systems.
Deep indentation and puncture of a rigid cylinder inserted into a soft solid

Deep indentation and puncture can be used to characterize the large strain elastic and fracture properties of soft solids and biological tissues. While this characterization method is growing in application there are still open questions about deep indentation and puncture, including how the distribution of strains and stresses in the surrounding material relate to the resultant force exerted on the indenter. Direct quantification of the deformation field around a rigid indenter during penetration of a soft solid is necessary to substantiate the current qualitative understanding of these strains and increase the impact and usefulness of puncture tests. Here, the deformation field of a rigid cylinder inserted into a soft solid is quantified using digital image correlation (DIC). DIC measurements are validated by reconstituting the measured nominal force on the cylinder during deep indentation and puncture. The deformation field is used to map the strain field around the indenter during deep indentation and puncture. These measurements provide direct insight into the puncture process and show that while the resultant force mainly arises from the sheared region on the sides of the indenter, the compressed region below the tip is responsible for initiating failure.
in situ synthesis of biopolyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Biopolyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with silane-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (s-MWCNT) were successfully prepared. The carbon nanotube surfaces were modified by means of functional amine groups via ozone oxidation followed by silanization. The surface structure of the s-MWCNTs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The s-MWCNTs were incorporated into a vegetable oil-based polyurethane (PU) network via covalent bonding to prepare PU nanocomposites. The effect of s-MWCNT loading on the morphology, thermomechanical, and tensile properties of the PU nanocomposites was studied. It was determined that the s-MWCNTs were dispersed effectively in the polymer matrix and that they improved the interfacial strength between the reinforcing nanotubes and the polymer matrix. Storage modulus, glass transition temperature, Young's modulus, and tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased with increasing s-MWCNT loading up to 0.8%. However, increasing the s-MWCNT content to 1.2 wt % resulted in a decrease in thermomechanical properties of the PU nanocomposites. This effect was attributed to the fact that at high s-MWCNT contents, the increased number of amine groups competed with the polyol's hydroxyl groups for isocyanate groups, causing a decrease in the integrity of the PU matrix. High s-MWCNT contents also facilitated aggregation of the nanotubes, causing a decrease in thermomechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42515.
Cepheid Variables and the Magellanic Clouds

Because the Magellanic Clouds provide a large number of variables at approximately the same distance and with little differential reddening, they provide a unique laboratory for the study of cepheid variability. Much more systematic observation of the variables will be necessary to fully exploit the possibilities they provide. It is already clear that the Magellanic Cloud variables differ from the galaxy variables in the number of variables at different periods, in the period amplitude relation, and, apparently, in the mean color. These differences must be due to intrinsic differences in the nature of the stellar populations of the Clouds and of the Galaxy. Finally, it has been found that certain non-linear features of cepheid variables can be correlated with stellar radius and luminosity. In the case of the Clouds, these features can be used to deduce distances in a new way.
Sarah Sharma, In the Meantime: Temporality and Cultural Politics

The world is speeding up, and in response, we just need to slow down. In her new book, In the Meantime: Temporality and Cultural Politics, Sarah Sharma complicates and challenges both poles of this assumption, fleshing out the proliferating and contradictory temporalities that construct our current economic and political conjunctures. The book draws on a range of detailed ethnographies and discursive analyses to map out a number of different but interconnected forms of labor and technology—life coaches, jet-lag specialists, on-call taxi drivers, corporate yoga instructors—that produce an equally diverse array of temporalities, tempos, and rhythms of everyday life in the current conditions of global capitalism. In this way, Sharma develops what she calls a “biopolitics of temporality” attendant to these specific material practices. She offers this as an alternative to more abstract and transcendent claims about how particular periods or peoples experience time, which is often reduced to either a singular (i.e., “everything is speeding up”) or binary (i.e., “fast vs. slow classes”) mode. After presenting in the introduction her general theoretical and methodological framework, including the key ideas of “temporality” and “power chronography,” the rest of the book is organized as a series of overlapping case studies that illustrate, expand, and specify these underlying concepts. Along the way, Sharma brings into conversation several different theorists (Michel Foucault, Harold Innis, Doreen Massey, and Pierre Bourdieu, among others) and offers her own analyses as a way to productively intervene in the work of “speed theorists” like Paul Virilio, Zygmunt Bauman, John Armitage, and Joanne Roberts, who she suggests “have offered a too simple account of the acceleration of everyday life and temporal difference” at the expense of an account of the “complexity of lived time” (p. 6). Any scholars interested in the work of those theorists or who are engaging with issues of temporality, globalization, neoliberalism, governmentality, labor, and/or embodiment will find valuable insights and discussions in this book.
Absorption enhancement and carrier diffusion in single lead sulfide nanowire Schottky solar cells

Semiconductor nanowire (NW) solar cells have promising potentials in solar energy conversion, benefiting from their low fabrication cost and enhanced optical absorption through light confinement. Recently, we have shown that the absorption efficiency can be significantly improved in lead sulfide (PbS) NWs with high refractive indices, by a direct observation of 350% external quantum efficiency (EQE). In this proceeding paper, we further examine the optical resonance mechanism in this promising nanomaterial. Particularly, we will present our recent results on resonance modes calculation, polarization and substrate effects on optical resonance, and intensity dependent minority carrier diffusion lengths in single PbS NW Schottky junction solar cells.
Recollection of pain due to inappropriate versus appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks.

Background: Although inappropriate shocks are known to be an important consequence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), the subjective experience of pain intensity perceived by those receiving inappropriate versus appropriate shocks has not previously been examined. Methods: One hundred ICD patients underwent a standardized interview by an investigator blinded to the clinical history. Patients with a previous ICD shock were asked to describe the intensity of the associated pain on a standard 0–10 scale (10 being the worst pain they had ever experienced). Medical charts were then examined for any history of inappropriate and/or appropriate ICD discharges. Results: Thirty-five of the 100 patients had a record of at least one ICD shock, and 17 had experienced at least one inappropriate shock. Those with a history of an inappropriate shock described a significantly higher median pain scale (9, interquartile range [IQR] 8–10) compared to those with a history of only appropriate shocks (median 4, IQR 2–8, P = 0.0011). In multivariable analysis, a history of an inappropriate shock was the only predictor statistically significantly associated with an increase in shock pain: the pain scale for those with inappropriate shocks was higher by 2.8 points on average after multivariable adjustment (95% confidence interval 0.29–5, P = 0.030). Eighteen patients had considered having their device deactivated, and a history of an inappropriate shock was the only factor independently associated with this consideration. Conclusions: Compared to those who have received only appropriate shocks, inappropriate ICD shocks are associated with a recollection of greater pain and consideration of device inactivation. (PACE 2011; 34:348–353)
Exploring 3-D virtual reality technology for spatial ability and chemistry achievement

We investigated the potential of Second Life® (SL), a three-dimensional (3-D) virtual world, to enhance undergraduate students’ learning of a vital chemistry concept. A quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design was used to conduct the study. A total of 387 participants completed three assignment activities either in SL or using two-dimensional (2-D) images. Students were administered an 11-question chemistry achievement test and two measures of spatial ability (Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test, Card Rotations Test). Although analyses of covariance revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups as a whole for any of the outcome measures, a subgroup analyses was conducted to decompose the relative impact of 3-D virtual reality instruction within SL. We found that students classified as having poor spatial ability showed significantly greater improvement in understanding the 3-D nature of molecules if they did relevant activities in a 3-D virtual world than those students who only worked with 2-D images.
Invalidity of the concept of slow growth and alkali production in cowpea rhizobia.

A total of 103 rhizobial strains representing the cowpea miscellany and Rhizobium japonicum were studied with regard to growth rate, glucose metabolic pathways, and pH change in culture medium. Doubling times ranged from 1.4 ± 0.04 to 44.1 ± 5.2 h; although two populations of “fast-growing” and “slow-growing” rhizobia were noted, they overlapped and were not distinctly separated. Twenty-four strains which had doubling times of less than 8 h all showed NADP-linked 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) activity, whereas only one slow-growing strain (doubling time, 10.8 ± 0.9 h) of all those tested showed 6-PGD activity. Doubling times among fast growers could not be explained solely by the presence or absence of 6-PGD activity (r2 = 0.14) because the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the Emden-Meyerhoff-Parnas pathway were operative in both 6-PGD-positive and 6-PGD-negative strains. Growth rate and pH change were unrelated to each other. Fast- or slow-growing strains were not associated with any particular legume species or group of species from which they were originally isolated, with the exception of Stylosanthes spp., all nine isolates of which were slow growers. We conclude that 6-PGD activity is a more distinctive characteristic among physiologically different groups of rhizobia than doubling times and that characterization of the cowpea rhizobia as slow-growing alkali producers is an invalid concept.
Giant anisotropic magnetoresistance in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator

When a three-dimensional ferromagnetic topological insulator thin film is magnetized out-of-plane, conduction ideally occurs through dissipationless, one-dimensional (1D) chiral states that are characterized by a quantized, zero-field Hall conductance. The recent realization of this phenomenon, the quantum anomalous Hall effect, provides a conceptually new platform for studies of 1D transport, distinct from the traditionally studied quantum Hall effects that arise from Landau level formation. An important question arises in this context: how do these 1D edge states evolve as the magnetization is changed from out-of-plane to in-plane? We examine this question by studying the field-tilt-driven crossover from predominantly edge-state transport to diffusive transport in Crx(Bi,Sb)(2-x)Te3 thin films. This crossover manifests itself in a giant, electrically tunable anisotropic magnetoresistance that we explain by employing a Landauer-Buttiker formalism. Our methodology provides a powerful means of quantifying dissipative effects in temperature and chemical potential regimes far from perfect quantization.
Dynamics of rotationally fissioned asteroids: Source of observed small asteroid systems

Abstract We present a model of near-Earth asteroid (NEA) rotational fission and ensuing dynamics that describes the creation of synchronous binaries and all other observed NEA systems including: doubly synchronous binaries, high-e binaries, ternary systems, and contact binaries. Our model only presupposes the Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect, “rubble pile” asteroid geophysics, and gravitational interactions. The YORP effect torques a “rubble pile” asteroid until the asteroid reaches its fission spin limit and the components enter orbit about each other (Scheeres, D.J. [2007]. Icarus 189, 370–385). Non-spherical gravitational potentials couple the spin states to the orbit state and chaotically drive the system towards the observed asteroid classes along two evolutionary tracks primarily distinguished by mass ratio. Related to this is a new binary process termed secondary fission – the secondary asteroid of the binary system is rotationally accelerated via gravitational torques until it fissions, thus creating a chaotic ternary system. The initially chaotic binary can be stabilized to create a synchronous binary by components of the fissioned secondary asteroid impacting the primary asteroid, solar gravitational perturbations, and mutual body tides. These results emphasize the importance of the initial component size distribution and configuration within the parent asteroid. NEAs may go through multiple binary cycles and many YORP-induced rotational fissions during their approximately 10 Myr lifetime in the inner Solar System. Rotational fission and the ensuing dynamics are responsible for all NEA systems including the most commonly observed synchronous binaries.
Comparison of urine and bladder or urethral mucosal biopsy culture obtained by transurethral cystoscopy in dogs with chronic lower urinary tract disease: 41 cases (2002 to 2011)

OBJECTIVES To compare aerobic bacterial culture of urine to cystoscopically obtained mucosal biopsies of the lower urinary tract in dogs. METHODS Retrospective review of case records from dogs that had transurethral cystoscopy at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2002 and 2011. Dogs that had culture results from cystocentesis obtained urine and transurethral cystoscopically obtained mucosal samples were included in the study. Pathogens identified were compared between sampling methods. RESULTS Forty dogs underwent transurethral cystoscopy for lower urinary tract disease on 41 occasions. There was significant (P = 0 · 0003) agreement between urine and mucosal biopsy cultures. Both cultures were negative in 66% and positive in 17% of dogs. There was a 17% disagreement between the sampling methods. Although not statistically significant, more mucosal samples than urine cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There was a good agreement between pathogen identification from urine and lower urinary tract mucosal cultures. These results do not support the utilisation of transurethral cystoscopy to obtain biopsy samples for culture in dogs with urinary tract infection and positive urine culture. Individual cases with possible chronic urinary tract infection and negative urine culture may benefit from transurethral cystoscopy to obtain biopsies for culture.
Synthesis of a Hydrophilic Naphthalimidedioxime

Imidedioximes are formed in hydroxylamine-treated polyacrylonitrile adsorbents used in the extraction of uranium from seawater. Although known to be a good uranophile, the glutarimidedioxime model compound 1 is rapidly hydrolyzed under acidic conditions used to elute metals from the adsorbent. This work reports the synthesis of a hydrophilic naphthalimidedioxime derivative 14, which is stable under acidic elution conditions. The synthesis starts from simple acenaphthenequinone 7 and converts it to a functional group dense imidedioxime 14 in 7 steps.
Glaucoma Filtering Surgery with 5-Fluorouracil

A life-table analysis of surgical outcomes was performed on the first eye of 155 patients who were enrolled in a pilot study of glaucoma filtering surgery with postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections. The success rates at 1-, 2-, and 3-year intervals were 68, 63, and 63%, respectively, for 88 patients with non-neovascular glaucoma in aphakia; 82, 75, and 75% for 39 patients with non-neovascular glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery; and 68% at each yearly interval for 28 patients with neovascular glaucoma. Complications which resulted from filtering surgery and the 5-FU injections included corneal epithelial defects (55.5%), conjunctival wound leaks (36.8%), suprachoroidal hemorrhage (5.8%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (2.6%), endophthalmitis and phthisis (1.9% each), and corneal scarring, late bleb leak, malignant glaucoma, and traction retinal detachment (1.3% each). A Cox Model regression analysis failed to demonstrate a correlation between surgical success and age, race, type of filtering procedure, or total dose of 5-FU received. Postoperative subconjunctival 5-FU may increase the operative success rate for selected patients with a high risk for failure after glaucoma filtering surgery.
Si(Li) spectrometers for electrons and low-energy photons

Abstract The determination of the photopeak efficiency is described for a Si(Li) spectrometer over an energy range of 5 keV to 170 keV using calibrated radioactive sources. The nature of the silicon dead layer and the active detector volume are investigated. The probability of Si K-X-ray escape from the front surface of the detector is measured as a function of energy and compared to theory. A simple design for converting a Si(Li) photon detector to an efficient and good-resolution electron detector suitable for singles and coincidence spectrometry is described.
Attitudes Toward the Sale and Use of Drugs-A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Those Who Used Drugs.

Drug users from samples of six specific groups (both students and adults) were intensively surveyed on their differential attitudes toward the use of eight drug types. Resulting comparisons between groups, drugs, and attitudes provide a relative picture of the attitudes on drug use held by those who were users of drugs.
Adenovirus E1A represses cardiac gene transcription and reactivates DNA synthesis in ventricular myocytes, via alternative pocket protein- and p300-binding domains.

Abstract To examine the potential impact of disrupting “pocket” protein function on cardiac differentiation and growth, we introduced 12 S E1A genes into neonatal ventricular myocytes, by adenoviral gene transfer. In the absence of E1B, E1A was cytotoxic, with features typical of apoptosis. In the presence of E1B, E1A preferentially inhibited transcription of cardiac-restricted α-actin promoters, and reactivated DNA synthesis in cardiac myocytes, without cell death. Mutations that abrogate known activities of the amino terminus of E1A, versus conserved region 2, demonstrate that the “pocket” protein- and p300-binding domains each suffice, in the absence of the other, for transcriptional repression and re-entry into S phase.
Darwinism Then and Now: The Divide Over Form and Function

As biologists have recognized since Aristotle, there are two complementary ways of looking at organisms: one can think of them from the viewpoint of homology, asking about the isomorphisms between different organisms and even within the organisms themselves; or one can think of them from the viewpoint of adaptation or final cause, asking about the ends that the features serve. I look at this divide with special respect to the theory of evolution through natural selection as first announced by the English naturalist Charles Darwin in his Origin of Species in 1859, considering both different interpretations that scholars today make of Darwin’s work and the overall implications of Darwin’s achievements for the homology/adaptation, often called the ‘form/function,’ divide.
Peptide discovery in the ectoparasitic crustacean Argulus siamensis: Identification of the first neuropeptides from a member of the Branchiura

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the generation of large transcriptomic datasets for an ever-growing number of crustaceans, one being the carp louse Argulus siamensis. This and other members of the subclass Branchiura are obligate fish ectoparasites, and as such, are a major concern for commercial aquaculture. Using the extant transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) sequences for A. siamensis, 27 transcripts encoding putative neuropeptide precursors were identified, and their pre/preprohormones deduced and characterized using a well-established bioinformatics workflow. The structures of 105 distinct peptides were predicted from the deduced proteins, including isoforms of adipokinetic hormone (AKH), allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C, allatotropin, bursicon α, bursicon β, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, eclosion hormone, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide Y, orcokinin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin-related peptide. While several of the predicted peptides are known from other crustacean and/or insect species, e.g. RYLPT, a broadly conserved arthropod proctolin isoform, and PFCNAFTGCamide (disulfide bridging between the two cysteines), the stereotypical crustacean CCAP, the vast majority of them are described here for the first time, e.g. pQVNFSTKWamide, a new AKH/red pigment concentrating hormone superfamily member, pQEGLDHMFMRFamide, a novel myosuppressin, and SYKSKPPFNGSIFamide, a new member of the SIFamide family. As the peptides presented here are the only ones thus far described from A. siamensis, or for that matter, any branchiuran, they represent a new resource to begin investigations of peptidergic control of physiology and behavior in this and other related aquacultural pests.
Sex role socialization and the development of achievement motivation in black preschool children

The effect of sex role socialization practices on the achievement motivation (Nach) of black preschool children of differing social-class levels was examined. A factor analysis of the Katz Sex Role Socialization Scale revealed several factors. These varied in their effect on two types of achievement motivation. In general, the hypothesis that nontraditional sex role training leads to higher achievement motivation for girls, and that traditional sex role training leads to higher achievement motivation for boys, received support. The importance of treating sex role socialization as multidimensional was stressed.
Aldosterone Excretion: PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN MAN MEASURED BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OR DOUBLE-ISOTOPE DILUTION

A reliable, simple radioimmunoassay for measurement of the urinary excretion rate of the acid-labile conjugate of aldosterone is described, in which aldosterone, reconstituted by acid hydrolysis of a urinary metabolite, is quantified. The results were compared with those obtained by double-isotope dilution. Using both methods, aldosterone excretion rates were characterized in normal subjects over a wide range of dietary sodium intakes. Identity of results from the two methods was demonstrated. Aldosterone excretion ranged from 18 to 85 µg/day at sodium excretion rates of less than 25 mEq/day, from 5 to 26 µg/day at sodium excretion rates between 75 and 125 mEq/day, and from 1.5 to 12.5 µg/day at excretion rates above 200 mEq/day. However, a more precise index was derived with limits inscribed by the whole curve used as a nomogram. During sodium depletion of normal subjects, aldosterone excretion reacted slowly and inadequately until a critical level of sodium or volume depletion was reached. During maintained sodium loading for up to 11 days, initial sodium retention was followed by natriuresis and then by slight sodium retention. Mean urinary aldosterone during these three periods was 23.4, 3.6, and 4.5 µg/day, respectively. Urinary sodium excretion exhibited a more consistent relationship to aldosterone activity than did either sodium intake or cumulative sodium balance, even when constant dietary regimens were used. These data suggest a dynamic role for aldosterone in governing renal sodium excretion, even at very high levels of sodium excretion.
Symposium on the medical implications of nuclear war/Summary and perspective: With some observations on informed consent

A Symposium on the Medical Implications of Nuclear War, organized under the auspices of the Institute of Medicine, was held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, on 20–22 September 1985. The proceedings have been published in book form: The Medical Implications of Nuclear War, © 1986 by the National Academy of Sciences. Permission has been given by the publishers, National Academy Press, and the author of the concluding remarks for this paper to be reprinted in Medicine and War. Dr Abrams is Professor of Radiology at Stanford University School of Medicine and a Member‐in‐Residence of the Stanford Center for International Security and Arms Control. The book is available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418, and is marketed and distributed in the UK, Europe and Africa by John Wiley & Sons Ltd of Chichester, UK. (Pp. 637, $43.50/£35.60 hbk, $33.50/£27.40 pbk, ISBN 0 309 03692 5/4.)
An adaptive technique for isolating the seismic response of an infrasound sensor

This paper presents the adaptive noise cancellation model as a method for isolating the seismic response of an infrasound sensor. While this response has been thoroughly characterized in the laboratory, to date there has not been an effective method for isolating it in the field. The technique developed in this paper utilizes a collocated seismometer as a reference signal and then applies an adaptive filter to isolate the infrasound sensor's seismic response. In this paper, two adaptive algorithms are investigated for both cost and performance, including Least Mean Squares (LMS) and Block LMS (BLMS). The technique is applied to a real-world data set obtained from the October 2011 Turkish earthquake, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in isolating the seismic response. The technique developed in this paper provides access to two previously unattainable signals: the isolated seismic response and the infrasound response uncorrupted by seismic noise. Once separated, these signals open the doors to many new and exciting applications, including augmentation of co-located seismic measurements, more precise calibration of fielded infrasound sensors, and a lowered noise floor for better detection of infrasonic events.
A study of homogeneous methanol oxidation kinetics using CSP

The homogeneous oxidation of methanol in air at constant pressure is examined using data generated by the method of computational singular perturbation (CSP). At any moment in time, the number of exhausted fast modes and the radicals (sometimes called the intermediaries) are computationally identified. The participation index, which quantifies the participation of any elementary reaction to an equations of state of the radicals, along with the importance index, which quantifies the importance of any elementary reaction to a particular species of interest, are computed and used to assess the sensitivities of the solution to the reaction rate constants. Every elementary reaction is classified so that it either belongs to the equilibrated set which contains fast reactions already equilibrated among themselves, and/ or the rate-controlling set which contains reactions controlling the current rate of activities, or neither of the above sets—in which case it is superfluous. A number of numerical experiments were performed to verify the assessments: (a) the relative effectiveness of the reaction rate constants of two reactions (#16, #160) in breaking up the fuel indicated by the importance index is verified, (b) that fuel breakup in an early time period can actually be slowed down by increasing the reaction rate constants of certain fuel breakup reactions (#156, #159) is verified. Numerical experiments also showed that species identified as radicals responded instantly to sudden changes in reaction rates, while the non-radicals responded more smoothly. The overall response of the unknowns to perturbations is always consistent with the CSP-derived effective stoichiometric coefficients. In addition, a minimum set of species is constructed with the help of the CSP data. This minimum set, which trims the original full set of 30 species to 15 species, generates numerical solutions in excellent agreement with solutions obtained with the full set.
Capnocytophaga infection involving a portal-systemic vascular shunt

Capnocytophaga sp., a microaerophilic gram-negative isolate of the human oral cavity, has previously been reported to cause sinusitis, empyema, wound infections, conjunctivitis, subphrenic abscess, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, cervical abscess, and endocarditis. We report the unusual case of infection with this organism at the anastamotic site of a splenorenal portosystemic vascular shunt. In this case, the pathogenesis is presumed to be bacteremia related to mucosal trauma from endoscopic injection sclerotherapy or bacteremia secondary to dental infection. The characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of Capnocytophaga are reviewed.
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils.

Essential oils from three different Asteraceae obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Main compounds obtained from each taxon were found as follows: Arnica longifolia carvacrol 37.3%, α-bisabolol 8.2%; Aster hesperius hexadecanoic acid 29.6%, carvacrol 15.2%; and Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. nauseosus β-phellandrene 22.8% and β-pinene 19.8%. Essential oils were also evaluated for their antimalarial and antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, and antifungal activities against plant pathogens. No antimalarial and antimicrobial activities against human pathogens were observed. Direct bioautography demonstrated antifungal activity of the essential oils obtained from three Asteraceae taxa and two pure compounds, carvacrol and β-bisabolol, to the plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Subsequent evaluation of antifungal compounds using a 96-well micro-dilution broth as...
Expression, purification, and characterization of mouse glycine N-acyltransferase in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) is a phase II metabolic detoxification enzyme for exogenous (xenobiotic) and endogenous carboxylic acids; consisting of fatty acids, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. GLYAT catalyzes the formation of hippurate (N-benzoylglycine) from the corresponding glycine and benzoyl-CoA. Herein, we report the successful expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant mouse GLYAT (mGLYAT). A 34 kDa mGLYAT protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by nickel affinity chromatography to a final yield of 2.5 mg/L culture. Characterization for both amino donors and amino acceptors were completed, with glycine serving as the best amino donor substrate, (kcat/Km)app = (5.2 ± 0.20) × 102 M−1 s−1, and benzoyl-CoA serving as the best the amino acceptor substrate, (kcat/Km)app = (4.5 ± 0.27) × 105 M−1 s−1. Our data demonstrate that mGLYAT will catalyzed the chain length specific (C2–C6) formation of N-acylglycines. The steady-state kinetic constants determined for recombinant mGLYAT for the substrates benzoyl-CoA and glycine, were shown to be consistent with other reported species (rat, human, bovine, ovine, and rhesus monkey). The successful recombinant expression and purification of mGLYAT can lead to solve unanswered questions associated with this enzyme, consisting of what is the chemical mechanism and what catalytic residues are essential for the how this phase II metabolic detoxification enzyme conjugates glycine to xenobiotic and endogenous carboxylic acids.
Persistence of the nychthemeral rhythm of melatonin secretion in pinealectomized or optic tract-sectioned trout (Salmo gairdneri)

In a preliminary investigation, what appeared to be melatonin was measured in the plasma of pinealectomized trout using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Later, following the combined procedures of thin-layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay, the immunogenic molecule measured in pinealectomized trout plasma was verified as melatonin. After this validation procedure, plasma melatonin titers were assessed using RIA in pinealectomized, sham pinealectomized or intact rainbow trout either at mid-photophase or mid-scotophase. Results demonstrated that pinealectomy significantly reduced plasma melatonin measured at mid-scotophase, compared to the midscotophase values for either the sham-operated or intact animals. Interestingly, pinealectomized animals continued to show significantly elevated, mid-scotophase plasma melatonin titers when compared to the mid-photophase values. The same was true for the sham-operated and intact groups. In a second experiment, it was found that severing the optic tract (optictract-section) did not alter the rhythm of melatonin measured in the plasma. This indicates that the trout pineal may monitor the environmental photoperiod directly, thereby controlling the rhythmic fluctuations in plasma melatonin. Optic tract-section did cause a significant increase in the mid-scotophase melatonin titer. This increase may be due to stress caused by sensory deprivation.
Partial reinforcement and classical conditioning in two species of fish

A classical conditioning experiment patterned after one which earlier had produced the PRE in African mouthbreeders produced the effect again in mouthbreeders, but failed to produce it in goldfish. The implications of the results for the problem of partial reinforcement in classical conditioning are considered.
Squelching Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Targeting REST for Proteasomal Degradation

Glioblastoma brain tumors harbor a small population of cancer stem cells that are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments, and are believed responsible for tumor recurrence and mortality. The identification of the epigenetic molecular mechanisms that control self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells will foster development of targeted therapeutic approaches. The transcriptional repressor REST, best known for its role in controlling cell fate decisions in neural progenitor cells, may also be crucial for cancer stem cell self-renewal. Two novel mechanisms for regulating the stability of REST have recently been revealed: these involve the telomere-binding protein TRF2 and the ubiquitin E3 ligase SCFβ-TrCP. Reduced TRF2 binding to REST, and increased SCFβ-TrCP activity, target REST for proteasomal degradation and thereby inhibit cancer stem cell proliferation. Neurological side effects of treatments that target REST and TRF2 may be less severe than conventional brain tumor treatments because postmitotic neurons do not express REST and have relatively stable telomeres.
Second-Order Change of Volume in Isotropic Materials Free from Applied Loads

The apparent elasticities of an isotropic elastic material in undistorted states are obtained from the second-order elasticity theory. The results are applied to find the second-order change of volume for an isotropic body free from external loads. In particular, the requirement that the material is hyperelastic is shown to be equivalent to Zener's formula. Mit Hilfe der Elastizitatstheorie zweiter Ordnung werden die scheinbaren Elastizitaten eines isotropen elastischen Materials im unverformten Zustand bestimmt. Damit findet man die Volumenanderung zweiter Ordnung fur einen isotropen Korper, der frei von auserer Beanspruchung ist. Insbesondere wird gezeigt, das Zeners Formel genau dann gilt, wenn das Material hyperelastisch ist.
Experience and recommendations for distributed software development

The following position paper outlines a software development course project for a semester long class on distributed software development. The developed application was an Android based facial recognition application which returned the name and contact information of people in a picture. Students from Iowa State University in the US, Jilin University in China, and the Federal Universidade da Bahia in Brazil participated. Challenges and solutions that were part of the development process as well as recommendations for future classes are provided.
In the Trainer's Voice: A Study of Training Transfer Practices.

Data were gathered from members of a large professional training organization regarding their practices for supporting training transfer. Transfer factor categories grounded in the literature were used to code the data using content analysis procedures. Commensurate with the transfer literature, results suggest that trainers reported strategies used within the training setting and in the work environment as having the most influence on training transfer. Transfer practices that do not have a firm grounding in the research but that emerged in the data, trainer characteristics and evaluation practices, were reported by trainers as being important influences on training transfer. This study extends previous work on training transfer practices by elucidating the specific transfer influences perceived by training professionals as critical for supporting transfer in organizations. Implications for practice and research are offered that focus on building trainer proficiency for training transfer in organizational settings.
Growth Kinetics of Strawberry Cell Suspension Cultures in Shake Flask, Airlift, Stirred-Jar, and Roller Bottle Bioreactors

Growth kinetics of strawberry cell suspension cultures (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Brighton) in shake flask, airlift, stirred-jar, and roller bottle bioreactors were investigated. The specific oxygen consumption rates of strawberry suspension cultures in shake flasks ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 mmol O2/gDCW/hr. These values were relatively low compared to published values of specific oxygen consumption rates in other plant tissue culture systems. The volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficients in bioreactor systems were determined and found to be influenced by both agitation speed and air flow rate. The specific growth rates of strawberry cell suspension cultures were higher in the roller bottle with baffles (0.15 day−1) than any other system studied. It was difficult to grow cell suspension cultures in the stirred-jar bioreactor. The roller bottle with baffles shows the best potential for scale-up.