cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Respiratory physiology in pregnancy

Pregnancy induces marked changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems that are essential for meeting the increased metabolic demands of the mother and fetus. Important respiratory system changes occur in the upper airway, chest wall, static lung volumes, and ventilation and gas exchange. Marked cardiovascular changes also occur during pregnancy including increased plasma volume, increased cardiac output, and reduced vascular resistance. Knowledge of these physiologic adaptations is necessary for the clinician to distinguish the common "physiologic dyspnea" from disease states that occur during pregnancy.
Low Serum Glucose in Leukemic Mice

The metabolism of line I leukemia cells in serum of normal or line I immunized mice differs from that in serum of mice with line I leukemia (4). Certain differences could be explained if the blood sugar level of mice with leukemia was much lower than that of the other mice. The purpose of this report is to compare the blood sugar levels in normal, line I immunized, and line I leukemic mice. The mice were of strain C58. The normal and leukemic animals were six to eight weeks old, while the line I immunized mice were six months old. The procedure for producing line I cell immunity has been described elsewhere (2). Heart's blood was drawn under ether anesthesia and centrifuged after defibration and the addition of sodium fluoride. Not more than five minutes elapsed between the withdrawal of the blood and the fluoride addition. The leukemic mice had been inoculated intraperitoneally with a standard dose of line I cells three days before the blood samples were taken. The interval between inoculation of line I cells and death of the animal was three and a half to four days at the time of these experiments, which were conducted between April and June 1935. Serum-reducing substances were determined by the micro-method of Hagedorn and Jensen (1).
Burning Parameters of Premixed Oxygen-Hydrogen and Oxygen-Acetylene Flames.

Parameters affecting the stability of premixed oxyhydrogen and oxyacetylene flames are investigated. The results of this study show the effect of port diameter, fuel-oxidant ratio, total gas flow, and burner temperature on the stability of these flames. Data were obtained by the use of a specially designed and constructed one-hole insert burner. The results of this study provide the required design criteria and operational parameters for utilization of these fuel mixtures
Collaborative requirements negotiation with EasyWinWin

The EasyWinWin methodology supports collaborative elaboration, prioritization, and negotiation of system requirements. The approach enhances the WinWin negotiation model by integrating group productivity techniques and collaborative tools. EasyWinWin has been used in real-client custom development projects and for real-world COTS product release planning. Our experience shows that EasyWinWin helps to improve stakeholder involvement in the requirements engineering process and enhances the frequency, directness, and extent of stakeholder interactions. This helps to develop a deeper and broader set of deliverables in a shorter time and to identify and mitigate risks earlier in the life cycle.
Grp78 is essential for 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl PGE2-mediated cytoprotection in renal epithelial cells

11-Deoxy-16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (DDM-PGE2) protects renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) against the toxicity induced by 2,3,5-tris(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone (TGHQ), a potent nephrotoxi...
The effects of temperature and ouabain on steady-state Na and K exchanges in human lymphocytes.

The temperature-dependence of steady-state exchanges of K and Na were determined under conditions in which cell viability, ATP, water, Ca, and Mg were not confounding variables. Steady-state ion contents are near-normal between 37° and 10° C, Below 10° C K is replaced by Na in a mole-for-mole fashion with significant net K retention and Na exclusion occurring even below 3°C. The rates of steady-state Kand Na exchanges have markedly different temperature-dependences; between 37° and 10° C, for example, that of K decreases markedly while that of Na remains near-normal, and there is no consistent correlation between the steady-state exchanges and the ionic contents. Ouabain increases steady-state Na flux at 37° C and induces a more marked temperature-dependence over the entire temperature range. This effect is not due simply to inhibition of some processes and unmasking others; it mirrors a pronounced effect of ouabain on the intrinsic properties of Na self-exchange. These results are compatible with a model based on two simple concepts: (1) partial ionic exclusion from cellular water that is ordered by interaction with proteins; and (2) ionic accumulation mediated by adsorption onto and desorption from fixed macromolecular anionic sites, the majority of which interact with one another in a cooperative fashion. In this view, the sharp temperature transition in the net replacement of K by Na below 10° C is due to a critical transition in the selectivity of the cooperatively interacting adsorption sites. The rates of steady-state self-exchanges of K and Na are determined by parameters of ion-site interaction, and the major set of ion-adsorbing sites that interact cooperatively have a steep thermal activation energy of ionic self-exchange. When they are in the K-preferring state above 10° C, exchange of K has a steep temperature-dependence. When they are in the Na-preferring state below 10° C, exchange of Na has a steep temperature-dependence. When these sites are forced into a Na-preferring state at all temperatures by treatment with ouabain, exchange of Na acquires a steep temperature-dependence over the entire temperature range 37° to 0° C.
Age-related susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer and the horizontal-vertical illusions.

Participants between the ages of 3 and 20 years adjusted the Muller-Lyer illusion and the inverted-T form of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion. Perceptual error was quantified using signal detection and nonparametric measures of sensitivity and responsivity. Significant changes in sensitivity and responsivity were found for each illusion across participants' ages. No effect of sex of participant was found. Sensitivity and responsivity were largely asymptotic between the ages of 13 to 15 years for the Muller-Lyer illusion and between the ages of 11 to 15 years for the Horizontal-Vertical illusion.
ODA16p, a Chlamydomonas Flagellar Protein Needed for Dynein Assembly

Dynein motors of cilia and flagella function in the context of the axoneme, a very large network of microtubules and associated proteins. To understand how dyneins assemble and attach to this network, we characterized two Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein assembly (oda) mutants at a new locus, ODA16. Both oda16 mutants display a reduced beat frequency and altered swimming behavior, similar to previously characterized oda mutants, but only a partial loss of axonemal dyneins as shown by both electron microscopy and immunoblots. Motility studies suggest that the remaining outer arm dyneins on oda16 axonemes are functional. The ODA16 locus encodes a 49-kDa WD-repeat domain protein. Homologues were found in mammalian and fly databases, but not in yeast or nematode databases, implying that this protein is only needed in organisms with motile cilia or flagella. The Chlamydomonas ODA16 protein shares 62% identity with its human homologue. Western blot analysis localizes more than 90% of ODA16p to the flagellar matrix. Because wild-type axonemes retain little ODA16p but can be reactivated to a normal beat in vitro, we hypothesize that ODA16p is not an essential dynein subunit, but a protein necessary for dynein transport into the flagellar compartment or assembly onto the axoneme.
Modeling three-dimensional discontinuities in waveguides using nonorthogonal FDTD algorithm

A generalization of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm adapted to nonorthogonal computational grids is presented and applied to the investigation of three-dimensional discontinuity problems. The nonorthogonal FDTD uses a body-fitted grid for meshing up the computation domain and, consequently, is able to model the problem geometry with better accuracy than is possible with the staircasing approach conventionally employed in the FDTD algorithm. The stability conditions for the nonorthogonal FDTD algorithm are derived in two an three dimensions. Numerical results, including an H-plane waveguide junction, a circular waveguide with a circular iris, a circular waveguide with a rectangular iris, and a microstrip bend discontinuity, are presented to validate the approach. >
Biological Hydrogen Carriers: Harnessing Fossil Fuels in a Carbon-Constrained World

Due to their widespread availability, the use of lignocellulosic resources as feedstocks for fuels and chemicals is very promising. To make this a practical reality, 18 years of research at Texas A&M University have resulted in the development of a novel process known as MixAlco.TM This article compares this process with other technologies and provides some process details. At the end, a brief economic analysis is presented.
Replication—The Synthesis of DNA

In their famous, historic paper describing the double helix, Watson and Crick concluded: “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a copying mechanism for the genetic material.” In a subsequent paper, the authors elaborated on this statement by proposing that the copying mechanism may involve each DNA strand serving as a template for synthesis of a complementary strand.
Software control and program design issues for alterable architectures

A classification of alterable architectures is given. Problem areas in the software control and program design for these architectures are delineated. This is illustrated by considering an application area, namely searching.
Short-wavelength far-infrared laser cavity yielding new lines in methanol.

We report 16 new laser lines generated in a short-wavelength far-infrared Fabry–Perot laser cavity. The CO2 pump laser is coupled into the far-infrared laser outside the far-infrared laser mode, and the cavity uses a 45° adjustable output coupling mirror; this combination results in a low-loss Fabry–Perot cavity for wavelengths below 150 μm. The new lines are of medium and strong intensity and have wavelengths in the region 26.2–125.7 μm.
Stabilization of Longitudinal Modes in a High Current Betatron

The momentum spread required to stabilize longitudinal modes in a proposed high current betatron is computed.
A deposition technique for the imaging and analysis of protein interactions with metal and semiconductor surfaces

A new technique for placing biological molecules on metal, insulator, and semiconductor surfaces is described. The procedure requires only 10 p1 of solution containing molecules at a concentration of 0.1-10 pg/ml. The use of a buffer that does not affect metal substrates, the possibility of fixing the molecules in solution prior to deposition, and the ability to minimize surface tension forces during air drying are other features of the new protocol. Simultaneous deposition on TEM grids and highly curved substrates permits biomolecular adsorption on technologically interesting materials to be visual- ized in the transmission electron microscope.
Physical design alternatives for RISC workstation packaging

A comparative study of packaging architectures for state-of-the-art multichip workstation-level reduced instruction set computers (RISCs) is presented. Single-chip on high-density printed wiring board packaging and several multichip module (MCM) strategies on ceramic and silicon substrate are included. These approaches are assessed, given current state-of-the-art manufacturing capabilities and projections for the foreseeable future. The study was conducted with AUDiT Version 4.2, a simulation tool for evaluating the physical design of electronic systems. The model RISC workstation was derived from a commercial computer. Good performance correlations between predicted data and this commercial workstation were obtained. The best performance in each case is obtained close to the tiling limit of the packages, or chips, for single chip, or multichip, modules, respectively. Results also show that the performance boundaries between alternative packaging architectures become blurred. Guidelines for improving each packaging architecture are given. >
An investigation of the laryngeal system as the resonance source of the singer's formant

Summary Since its introduction, the Sundberg model of the laryngeal system as the resonance source of the singer's formant has gained wide acceptance. However, no studies directly testing this hypothesis in vivo have previously been reported. Thus, the present study was undertaken to test this hypothesis on three classically trained professional male singers. The vocal behaviors of the singer-subjects were evaluated during modal and pulse register phonation via magnetic resonance imaging, strobolaryngoscopy, and acoustic analysis. Results indicated the subjects did not achieve the laryngopharyngeal/laryngeal outlet cross-sectional area ratio requisite to the model and that the formant remained robust in pulse register phonation. It was concluded that these subjects' behaviors were not consistent with Sundberg's model and that the model was inadequate to account for the generation of the singer's formant in these three subjects.
An Electrochemical Approach for the Solution of Cardiovascular Problems

Thrombosis, an in vivo reaction at the blood vessel wall (or prosthetic material)/blood interface, has been the subject of investigations for over 150 years. It involves a series of reactions of blood coagulation factors and of blood cells, particularly platelets. The conventional approach in blood coagulation studies is the hematological one which, however, provides insights on the possibilities of electrochemical pathways for the thrombosis cascade. For a little over 30 years, detailed studies on blood vessel walls, blood cells, prosthetic materials, and blood coagulation factors using electrokinetic and electrode kinetic techniques have been carried out to unravel the intermediate steps in the thrombosis cascade. Most of the studies have been carried out in vitro but have necessarily also involved in vivo experiments coupled with clinical investigations. To provide a fundamental bioelectrochemical viewpoint to the reader, this chapter is presented in somewhat of a reverse order of the historical one, i.e., adsorption and charge transfer reactions of blood coagulation factors→electrokinetic characterization of the blood vessel walls and of blood cells→interactions of anti- or procoagulant drugs with the vascular components→selection of conducting and insular materials for vascular and heart valve prostheses.
Archaeology and Ethnohistory

New World Archaeology and Culture History: Collected Essays and Articles. Gordon R. Willey. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990. 436 pp. $39.95 (cloth). ISBN 0–8263–1184–9.
Modeling and estimation of failure probability due to parameter variations in nano-scale SRAMs for yield enhancement

In this paper we have analyzed and modeled the failure probabilities (access time failure, read/write stability failure, and hold stability failure in the stand-by mode) of SRAM cells due to process parameter variations. A method to predict the yield of a memory chip designed with a cell is proposed based on the cell failure probability. The developed method can be used in the early stage of a design cycle to optimize the design for yield enhancement.
The statistics concept inventory: a pilot study

The statistics concept inventory (SCI) is a multiple choice testing instrument that is being developed to assess student understanding of fundamental statistics concepts and to identify commonly held misconceptions. This study pilot tested the SCI with four different introductory statistics courses with students from a broad range of disciplines. The effects of discipline and gender on performance on the SCI were investigated along with the relationship of mathematics experience, statistics experience, and attitude toward statistics as measured with the survey of attitudes toward statistics (SATS) [Schau, C. et al., 2002]. The results of this study indicate that discipline has a small effect on performance on the SCI. Mathematics majors performed significantly better than social science majors, but no other pair of majors performed significantly different. The effect of gender on performance was significant with males outperforming females. SCI scores were positively correlated with mathematics experience and with attitude scores obtained on the SATS. SCI scores were not found to be correlated with statistics experience.
The Ethics of Physician Migration and Their Implications for the United States

Currently, the United States trains only three quarters of the physicians it requires to fill its entrylevel residency positions. The other quarter of residents employed by its hospitals is composed of immigrants who have been trained in other countries. This reliance of our healthcare system on foreign physicians puts a tremendous strain on the healthcare systems of developing nations. At the same time, by replacing American medical school graduates with graduates of foreign schools, the policy prevents a significant number of Americans who desire to practice medicine from doing so. An alarming shortage of physicians by the year 2020 has been forecasted. Discussion of how this shortage will be addressed is long overdue. The options are clear: either the United States can increase its dependence on foreign medical training programs or it can expand its own. It should choose the latter. 1 Daniel Bohl is a Biological Sciences major, Global Health Studies minor at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL. He will graduate in June of 2008 and subsequently begin a master’s program in International Health Policy at the London School of Economics. He can be contacted at dbohl@northwestern.edu.
Empirical Estimation of the General Equilibrium Model

In the last several chapters we have examined various measures of ideology, such as membership in public interest lobbies and ADA ratings earned by members of Congress, and have found that each of these measures seems to be associated with voting. The model of congressional voting developed in chapter 4 is more general than any of the models we have so far investigated; it shows a simultaneous relationship between voting by representatives on bills, voting by constituents in congressional elections, and contributions to representatives. The relationship is simultaneous in the sense that each of these factors influences the others. In this chapter we empirically test this model.
Financial Constraints and the Method of Payment in Mergers and Acquisitions

Financially constrained bidders are more likely to use stock in acquisitions and are significantly more sensitive to stock valuations and growth opportunities in their method of payment decisions than are unconstrained bidders. Furthermore, in stock-swap transactions, constrained acquirers with high stock valuation offer higher acquisition premiums and capture smaller shares of acquisition gains than low valuation acquirers. The findings indicate that financing frictions affect payment method and are not alleviated in acquisitions. Moreover, the pecking order of capital structure is violated for constrained firms, as they save internal resources to reduce their future financing uncertainty and maintain financial flexibility.
Urphänomen and its transpotition: Benjamin and the goethean idealism

resumen Una lectura de la ‘Erkenntnis-kritische Vorrede’ a Ursprung des deutsches Trauerspiels busca determinar en que sentido Benjamin efectua, en la teoria de las ideas alli esbozada, lo que el mismo llamo despues una ‘tranposicion’ del concepto goethea -no de Urphanomen . El cotejo con algunos de los naturwissenschaftliche Schriften de Goethe sugiere que ambos autores aventuran una manera de pensar la relacion entre los conceptos de verdad y totalidad a traves de la confrontacion y manipula -cion forzosa de las distinciones introducidas por la filosofia critica de Kant. En este sentido sus esbozos logicos y epistemologicos se dejan leer como marcadores de los momentos inaugural y concluyente del proyecto del idealismo aleman. Palabras claves: Benjamin, W., Goethe, J. W., Urphanomen . AbstrAct1 This reading of the ‘Erkenntnis-kritische Vorrede’ to the Ursprung des deutsches Trauerspiels attempts to determine the way in which Benjamin carries out, in the theory of ideas sketched in that text, what he later called a ‘transposition’ of Goethe’s concept of the
Patterns of rates of mortality from narcotics and cocaine overdose in Texas, 1976-87.

Drug overdose mortality data for narcotics and cocaine for Texas for 1976-87 reveal a cyclic pattern of narcotics mortality falling from 0.92 per 100,000 population in 1976 to a low of 0.13 in 1979, and rising to 0.62 in 1986. The data also show a sharp increase in cocaine mortality from 0.07 per 100,000 in 1983 to 0.38 in 1987. The data indicate that men consistently are at higher risk than women for overdose from both categories of drugs. Hispanics in the El Paso and San Antonio areas were found to have much higher risk of mortality from narcotics than expected, while blacks in the Houston and Dallas areas were at higher risk of cocaine mortality. The evidence suggests that narcotics and cocaine mortality is highest among the blue collar categories of the work force. The cyclical pattern of drug overdose mortality suggests the need for more examination of the historical interplay of public policies and social factors against the magnitude of the drug problems. The differences in mortality patterns by sex, ethnicity, and location indicate the need to develop policies and programs that address the unique characteristics of different at-risk populations. Language: en
Studies in Fungal Luminescence

SUMMARYPreliminary reports show that luminescent fungi can be useful test organisms for long-time studies in the physiology of light emission, now that simple accurate photometric techniques are av...
Two Unusual Water Molds Belonging to the Family Lagenidiaceae

Very few fungi belonging to the Lagenidiaceae have been reported from North America. The two species which are the subject of this note were found attacking a large species of Cladophora in West Okoboji Lake, Dickinson County, Iowa, during the summer of 1925. In both instances a relatively small number of cells of the host were attacked, but the fungi are so distinctive as to leave no doubt of their identity in spite of the small number of individuals observed. These species have been known heretofore only from a few isolated localities in Europe. Myzocytium proliferum A. Schenk (Figs. 1, 2) was first de? scribed from Germany in 1857 as a Pythium. The following year Schenk established the genus Myzocytium to contain it. It has since been noted from several European localities on various filamentous green algae and desmids. The primitive mycelial filament breaks up into a chain of bead-like cells, some of which function as zoosporangia, others as antheridia or oogonia (Fig. 1, a). The discharge of zoospores was not observed in the Iowa material, but the empty sporangia occurring in the same chains of cells as the oogonia and antheridia are striking and unmistakable.
Subclinical atherosclerosis imaging comes of age: coronary artery calcium in primary prevention.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to update the contributions of subclinical atherosclerosis imaging of coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC) to the primary prevention of coronary artery disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent articles have increased support for the following: superiority of CAC determined risk to conventional risk factor-based paradigms, reclassification of risk by CAC, serial CAC scanning to assess the efficacy of therapy, CAC evaluation of high-risk groups (diabetes and other disease states characterized by inflammation), and redefinition of normal and abnormal lipids, ideal treatment goals and residual risk, as well as statin potency. SUMMARY The paradigm shifts implicit in the supremacy of CAC herald a transformation in primary prevention from conventional risk factor paradigms to the evaluation of the disease itself by subclinical atherosclerosis imaging.
Design of Wind Turbine Variable Pitch Control System Based on Neural Network Model Reference Adaptive Control

Variable pitch system is the key component to control wind turbines.In order to solve the control problems of non-linear,parameter time changing,anti-interference and time-lag,this paper presents a PID control method based on neural network model reference adaptive control,after analyzing the hydraulic driving variable-pitch actuator of variable speed/pitch wind turbines.This method compares the information from an adaptive system with the performance index expected by the reference model,and uses the error to adjust the adaptive system based on the nonlinear feedback adaptive law.Finally,the system is simulated on SimPowerSystems modules of Matlab/Simulink software,and the result proves the availability and practicability of the proposed method.
Diagnosis and Management of Red Cell Aplasia in Children

The vast majority of pediatric RBC hypoplastic anemias are accounted for by red blood cell aplasia associated with chronic hemolysis, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. However, other causes of hypoplastic anemia occur in children, and some of these are similar to what is seen in adult RBC aplasia. For example, it has been reported that a 5-year-old girl with an aregenerative anemia had a thymoma and later developed pancytopenia. RBC aplasia also has been seen in children receiving anticonvulsant drug therapy, children recovering from severe protein malnutrition, children with hepatitis, and in children with leukemia during maintenance therapy. In addition, it is not uncommon for pediatric hematologists to observe children with RBC aplasia where there is no obvious diagnosis, although many are considered to be variants of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Several important questions about RBC hypoplastic anemias in children need to be resolved; it is hoped that this will be accomplished in the next decade. Do RBC hypoplastic crises associated with hemolytic anemia occur with viral infections other than HPV? What is the cellular pathophysiology in DBA and TEC? Does the apparent heterogeneity of these disorders reflect limitations of laboratory techniques or are we looking at several different diseases? Is acute leukemia a real complication of Diamond-Blackfan anemia? Is TEC a completely benign entity or will we see other long-term problems in these children? Is the incidence of TEC actually increasing? Will TEC-like problems be seen in other aged children? As a case in point, we recently observed a 16-year-old girl who presented with pure RBC aplasia that required RBC transfusion support for 5 months; she also received prednisone therapy. After 7 months, however, this young lady had a spontaneous remission, and now 4 years later she is normal and free of any hematologic abnormalities. This was a most unusual event in our experience and, in view of the apparent increasing incidence of TEC in young children, we queried whether we were observing an adolescent equivalent of this disorder. During the next several years the answer to this and the other questions posed herein should be available.
Deoxycholic Acid (ATX-101) for Reduction of Submental Fat:

Objective: To review trials evaluating purified synthetic deoxycholic acid (DCA; ATX-101) for the reduction of submental fat (SMF). Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1946 to week 4 of April 2016) and Evidence Based Medicine Database (1974 to 6 May, 2016). Keywords searched included deoxycholic acid, ATX-101, and submental fat. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All human studies published in English that addressed the effects of DCA for the reduction of SMF were selected for analysis. Data Synthesis: Five phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded clinical trials enrolling more than 1700 patients have demonstrated the efficacy of ATX-101 in the reduction of SMF via a variety of validated scales as well as objective measurements. Purified synthetic DCA 2 mg/cm2 injected monthly for 4 to 6 treatment sessions demonstrated improvement in scales evaluated by both clinicians and patients. Improvement in skin caliper measurements of SMF and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ...
Ultrashort timing in four-wave mixing using coherent and incoherent light pulses: a comparative study

For some time now it has been realized how the ultrashort coherence time of long pulsed broadband (incoherent) light (IL) can be used for measuring ultralarge dephasing rate constants. In a recent review1 three illustrative examples are discussed. Although ultralarge dephasing rate constants can be studied, their measure represents a long time (accumulative) average of the attendant stochastic processes—namely, the time scale of the pulse of incoherent light. This contrasts with measurements using near-transform-limited (coherent) ultrashort light pulses (CLs), where stochastic processes are probed in a nonaccumulated fashion. Thus a given stochastic process might be in a fast modulation limit when using long pulsed IL; it could be in the slow modulation limit when working with short pulses of CL. In contrast to experiments with short pulsed CL, studies with long pulsed IL permit ultrasharp frequency resolution. Other interesting differences exist as well. We just completed a comparative theoretical2 and experimental3 study of these two methods for studying dephasing processes. New discoveries include:
REGULATION OF GLUCOSE TRANSPORT

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on role of transport in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in aerobic, anaerobic, and working muscle of a rat. In an experiment described in the chapter, hearts were removed from heparinized rats, were anaesthetized with Nembutal, and were perfused with a Krebs–Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 0.5 mM CaEDTA. The hearts were perfused for 10 min without recirculation under aerobic conditions with buffer containing heparin. Insulin accelerated uptake sixfold and resulted in the accumulation of intracellular free sugar. Factors regulating monosaccharide transport can be studied more directly be measuring intracellular accumulation of a nonmetabolized sugar. Glucose transport controls the utilization of exogenous glucose in muscle, adipose tissue, and erhthrocytes of several species. Glucose transport in heart muscle is regulated by hormonal and metabolic mechanisms.
Evaluation of a Training Curriculum for Inter-Agency Collaboration

ABSTRACT This paper reports the activities and outcomes of one university based training project which provided a five-day training series on inter-agency collaboration for public child welfare workers and staff in the fields of substance abuse, mental health, and domestic violence, and summarizes lessons learned in the project. The overarching goal of this program was the development of a cadre of child welfare practitioners and community professionals who have the ability to respond effectively to complex family problems of child abuse and neglect resulting from substance abuse, mental illness, and domestic violence. A quasi-experimental design utilizing pre-and post measures was used to test the impact of interdisciplinary training. The evaluation shows gains in trainee knowledge, positive attitudes toward collaboration, and the trainees reported more collaboration in their own practice between the pre-and post tests that was sustained in a follow-up. The implications of these findings for administrati...
Superradiance for Atoms Trapped along a Photonic Crystal Waveguide.

We report observations of superradiance for atoms trapped in the near field of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). By fabricating the PCW with a band edge near the D(1) transition of atomic cesium, strong interaction is achieved between trapped atoms and guided-mode photons. Following short-pulse excitation, we record the decay of guided-mode emission and find a superradiant emission rate scaling as Γ(SR)∝NΓ(1D) for average atom number 0.19≲N≲2.6 atoms, where Γ(1D)/Γ'=1.0±0.1 is the peak single-atom radiative decay rate into the PCW guided mode, and Γ' is the radiative decay rate into all the other channels. These advances provide new tools for investigations of photon-mediated atom-atom interactions in the many-body regime.
Impact of electric field non-uniformity on large CdZnTe crystals

In pixelated CdZnTe (CZT) detectors, multiple interaction gamma-ray events are critical because they permit Compton imaging. However, in large-volume CZT crystals, the depth of multiple interaction events are often poorly reconstructed due to significant nonuniformity of electron drift velocity while the depth of single interaction events can be accurately reconstructed using signal ratios. The electron drift velocity distribution was measured using alpha particles emitted from an 241Am source, which were incident on the entire cathode surface of each detector. Cathode waveforms were recorded for events collected by each element in the 11×11 array of anode pixels. To illustrate the impact of nonuniform electron drift velocity, two CZT crystals fabricated by Redlen Technologies with similar spectral performance, but significantly different drift velocity uniformities were selected. The detector with significant nonuniformity of the electron drift velocity was correlated with much poorer imaging performance, which is expected when depth reconstruction is poor. This work clearly shows that even CZT crystals with 1% energy resolution at 662 keV can have a nonuniform electron drift velocity, on the sub-pixel scale, which seriously degrades the imaging performance of multiple-pixel events in pixelated detectors.
New cerium cobalt borocarbide synthesized from eutectic metal flux mixture

A cerium cobalt borocarbide intermetallic compound was grown as large crystals from reactions of boron and carbon in cerium/cobalt eutectic melt. The complex structure of the product Ce10Co2.64B11.70C10 (triclinic, P, a = 8.5131(5) A, b = 8.5144(5) A, c = 13.5709(7) A, α = 100.870(1)°, β = 93.677(1)°, γ = 90.041(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0293) features Co4 squares capped by borocarbide chains. Several disordered sites are also consistently found in the structural refinement of crystals of this phase. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show a ferromagnetic transition at 15 K and also indicate fluctuating cerium valences.
Advanced quantitative imaging of musculoskeletal disorders (Conference Presentation)

Previous studies have shown that bone growth acceleration can occur in many animal species after periosteal resection (removal of a strip of periosteum) with minimum morbidity. This has numerous clinical applications, including treatment of limb length differences. Here we use Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy to evaluate changes in collagen architecture reflective of the different strains the periosteum may encounter during bone growth. Specifically, we image rabbit tibial periosteum strips at -20%, 0%, 5%, and 10% strains. We first quantify these changes using the SHG creation ratio (Forward/Backward) or the initially emitted SHG directionality to provide information on the fibril level of assembly. The in situ (i.e. physiological) strain had the highest creation ratio compared to the non-in situ strains of -20%, 5%, and 10%, which were shown to be significantly different via RCBD statistical analysis. These trends are consistent with SHG phasematching considerations, where more organized fibrils/fibers result in primarily forward emitted components, which here is the physiological strain. We further use the relative SHG conversion efficiency to assess the tissue structure under strain, where this results from the combination of collagen concentration and organization. The 0% strain SHG conversion efficiency was significantly higher than all other strains, where this is expected as the fibers have the highest local density and organization, and is consistent with the emission directionality results. Importantly, due to the underlying physical process, the label-free SHG imaging modality can non-invasively monitor the effect of treatments for bone growth and other orthopedic disorders.
Nonholonomic tomography. II. Detecting correlations in multiqudit systems

In the context of quantum tomography, quantities called partial determinants [C. Jackson and S. J. van Enk, Phys. Rev. A 92, 042312 (2015)] were recently introduced. Partial determinants (PDs) are explicit functions of the collected data that are sensitive to the presence of state preparation and measurement (SPAM) correlations. In this paper we demonstrate further applications of the PD and its generalizations. In particular, we construct methods for detecting various types of SPAM correlation in multiqudit systems, e.g., measurement-measurement correlations. The relationship between the PDs of each method and the correlations they are sensitive to is topological. We give a complete classification scheme for all such methods but focus on the explicit details of only the most scalable methods, for which the number of settings scales as $O({d}^{4})$. This paper is the second of a two-part series where the preceding paper [C. Jackson and S. van Enk, preceding paper, Phys. Rev. A 95, 052327 (2017)] is about a theoretical perspective for the PD, particularly its interpretation as a holonomy.
The Moderating Role of Disclosure Quality

We examine whether municipal market participants' sensitivity to changes in local home values varies with the quality of local governments' financial reports. We find the credit ratings and bond yields of governments that are required to comply with GAAP are less sensitive to changes in local home values than similarly-affected governments that are not required to comply with GAAP. These governments do not experience different changes in net revenues ex post. The results are pronounced when the change in home values generates the most uncertainty (i.e., the change is adverse). The results are also stronger after GASB 34 increased the quality of GAAP-compliant issuers' financial reports. We conclude that market participants are less sensitive to signals about the local economy when local governments are required to provide high-quality disclosures.
Coronary Artery Calcium and Long-Term Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: The Walter Reed Cohort Study

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the long-term risk of death and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes, including stroke, in a real-world cohort that underwent coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. Background Large-scale, long-term studies assessing the independent relationship of CAC for prediction of ASCVD events, to include stroke, in young, low-risk patients are uncommon outside of the clinical trial setting. Methods A total of 23,637 consecutive subjects without ASCVD who underwent CAC scoring from 1997 to 2009 were studied. Subjects were assessed for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (e.g., MI, stroke, or cardiovascular death), and all-cause mortality. Outcomes were extracted from the Military Data Repository and the National Death Index and assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, controlling for baseline risk factors, atrial fibrillation, and competing mortality. Results Patients (mean age 50.0 ± 8.5 years) were followed over a median of 11.4 years. The relative adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) for CAC 1 to 100, 101 to 400, and >400 was 2.2, 3.8, and 5.9 for MI; 1.2, 1.4, and 1.9 for stroke; 1.4, 2.0, and 2.8 for MACE; and 1.2, 1.5 and 2.1 for death (p 0; n = 848) was associated with an increased risk of MACE (aSHR: 1.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 2.39). Conclusions CAC scoring significantly improved long-term prognostic accuracy for MACE events and mortality, irrespective of age and risk factors. These results support CAC screening for improving individual ASCVD risk assessment and prevention in low-risk, young adults.
Value of hepatocellular phase imaging after intravenous gadoxetate disodium for assessing hepatic metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with other MRI pulse sequences and with extracellular agent

To compare hepatocellular phase imaging after intravenous gadoxetate disodium with other MRI pulse sequences and with extracellular agent for assessing hepatic metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN). In this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, we included 30 patients (15 women, mean age: 58 years, range 44–77 years) with GEP-NEN metastatic to the liver, who underwent MRI with gadoxetate disodium. Six MRI sequences were reviewed by two radiologists to score tumor–liver interface (TLI) on a 5-point scale, to assess lesion detectability in different liver segments (divided into 3 zones/patient), and to measure lesion size. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated on each sequence. In 19 patients, lesion size and CNR on dynamic imaging with gadopentetate dimeglumine was compared with hepatocellular phase. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare TLI scores, lesion size, and median CNR, using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Interobserver agreement for TLI was analyzed using Krippendorff's alpha, and for lesion size using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and mean relative difference. Hepatocellular phase had the best TLI (mean TLI for reader 1 = 1.2, reader 2 = 1.3) compared to all other sequences (p < 0.0001) with excellent interobserver agreement (Krippendorff's alpha = 1.0), maximum lesion detectability (61/90 zones), highest interobserver agreement for lesion measurement (CCC 0.9875 and smallest mean relative difference − 1.567%), and highest median CNR (31.2, p < 0.008). Hepatocellular phase also had the highest CNR when compared with gadopentetate imaging. Hepatocellular phase imaging offers significant advantages for assessment of hepatic metastasis in GEP-NEN, and should be routinely considered for follow-up of these patients.
Chronic restraint stress during withdrawal increases vulnerability to drug priming-induced cocaine seeking via a dopamine D1-like receptor-mediated mechanism

Abstract Background A major obstacle in the treatment of individuals with cocaine addiction is their high propensity for relapse. Although the clinical scenario of acute stress-induced relapse has been well studied in animal models, few pre-clinical studies have investigated the role of chronic stress in relapse or the interaction between chronic stress and other relapse triggers. Methods We tested the effect of chronic restraint stress on cocaine seeking in rats using both extinction- and abstinence-based animal relapse models. Rats were trained to press a lever for I.V. cocaine infusions (0.50 mg/kg/infusion) paired with a discrete tone + light cue in daily 3-h sessions. Following self-administration, rats were exposed to a chronic restraint stress procedure (3 h/day) or control procedure (unstressed) during the first seven days of a 13-day extinction period during which lever presses had no programmed consequences. This was followed by cue- and cocaine priming-induced drug seeking tests. In a separate group of rats, cocaine seeking was assessed during forced abstinence both before and after the same chronic stress procedure. Results A history of chronic restraint stress was associated with increased cocaine priming-induced drug seeking, an effect attenuated by co-administration of SCH-23390 (10.0 μg/kg; i.p.), a dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist, with daily restraint. Repeated SCH-23390 administration but not stress during extinction increased cue-induced reinstatement. Conclusions Exposure to chronic stress during early withdrawal may confer lasting vulnerability to some types of relapse, and dopamine D1-like receptors appear to mediate both chronic stress effects on cocaine seeking and extinction of cocaine seeking.
Relative virulence in bison and cattle of bison-associated genotypes of Mycoplasma bovis

Abstract Mycoplasma bovis, a frequent contributor to polymicrobial respiratory disease in cattle, has recently emerged as a major health problem in North American bison. Strong circumstantial evidence suggests it can be the sole pathogen causing disease manifestations in outbreaks of mortality in bison, but direct evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to compare clinical signs and lesions in bison and cattle experimentally infected with field isolates of M. bovis recovered from bison. Bison (n = 7) and cattle (n = 6), seronegative for anti-M. bovis IgG, were exposed intranasally to M. bovis and necropsied 4–6 weeks later. Blood and nasal swabs were collected on day 0 (before exposure), day 11 and at necropsy. Samples of lung, lymph node, liver and spleen were also collected at necropsy. The only clinical sign observed was an elevation in the core body temperature of bison during the first few weeks post-exposure. Grossly visible lesions were apparent at necropsy in the lungs of five bison and the lymph node of one bison, while none were evident in cattle. Histologic evaluation revealed moderate to severe pulmonary lesions in four bison but none in cattle. M. bovis was recovered from tissues demonstrating gross lesions and from the lymph nodes of one additional bison and two cattle. All animals seroconverted by the time of necropsy. These data provide the first direct evidence that M. bovis can be a sole or primary cause of respiratory disease in healthy bison, although the isolates used were unable to cause disease in healthy cattle.
Educational Objectives and Administration

Peruvian law is a mixture of contrasts and tensions, of formalism and improvisation, of solemnity and instability. A spirit of democracy, universality and tolerance, a search for perfection, and a feeling for laws conceived as ideals to be achieved at some point in future time all appear together with widespread injustice, abuse, and a lacerating social, economic, and political reality.
Response of Lagerstroemia x ‘Tuscarora’ to Pistill and Atrimmec

Abstract A study was conducted in 1997, 1998 and 1999 to determine the effect of Pistill (ethephon) at rates of 333, 667 or 1000 ppm and Atrimmec (dikegulac-sodium) at rates of 723, 1446 or 2176 pp...
Treatment-induced remission of medulloblastoma using a chemotherapeutic regimen devoid of vincristine in a child with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (cmt) disease is the most common form of inherited neuropathy. Core features include peripheral neuropathy and secondary axonal degeneration, with a noted distal predominance of limb-muscle wasting, weakness, and sensory loss. Given the significant prevalence of cmt, superimposed neoplastic disease can be encountered within this patient population. Malignancies that are treated with vincristine (a microtubule-targeting agent), even at low doses as part of standard treatment, pose a significant challenge for patients with cmt. Here, we present the case of a child with cmt who was successfully treated for medulloblastoma without vincristine, a standard drug used for treatment of that disease, to avoid the risk of severe debilitating neuropathy. This report is the first of a patient successfully treated for medulloblastoma without vincristine.