cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the pragmatics of an androgynous style of speaking (from a transsexual’s perspective)

Since the publication of Robin Lakoff’s Language and Woman’s Place (1975), much has been written regarding the distinct language styles employed by men and women in Western culture. For instance, linguists in England and America have repeatedly found men to be more competitive and women more co-operative in discourse. Following the lead of psychologist Sandra Bem, Jennifer Coates has suggested that a speaker who shifts between masculine and feminine styles of speaking will have certain advantages in today’s society, especially in the work environment. This paper considers the pragmatics of style-shifting as related to the experiences of Marty Gomez, a male-to-female transsexual who has met with limited success in passing as female under intense public scrutiny. It illustrates how Marty shifts between what has been considered two distinct styles of speaking in order to (1) maintain the illusion of femininity, (2) set clients of both genders at ease as they pose before an audience of strangers, and (3) entice clients to desire and purchase a product. Marty’s situation reveals much regarding the underlying Western notions of gender and upholds the theories of modern linguists. However, it also shows the limitation of style-shifting when applied in her situation. If Marty appears too feminine, she may lose the sale; too masculine, and she runs the risk of revealing her male self. While Marty herself attributes much of her success in society to her ability to style shift, it is complicated and fatiguing work, not without danger.
Nitrate as a sole nitrogen source forMethanococcus thermolithotrophicus and its effect on growth of several methanogenic bacteria

Methanococcus (Mc.) thermolithotrophicus can use nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen, but four other species of methanogens cannot. The growth rate was similar on both nitrate and ammonium, but yields were 20–25% lower on nitrate.Mc. thermolithotrophicus, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, andMethanobrevibacterium smithii were not inhibited by 20 mM nitrate, butMethanospirillum hungatei was inhibited 35%, andMethanosarcina barkeri was completely inhibited by 20 mM nitrate. WhenMc. thermolithotrophicus was growing with nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen, growth was dependent on either molybdenum or tungsten, and the presence of both gave the best growth response; vanadium or chromium did not replace the requirement for these metals. Growth on ammonium could not be strictly demonstrated to require either of these metals, but both molybdenum and tungsten stimulated growth.
Analyzing educators’ online interactions: a framework of online learning support roles

While the potential benefits of participating in online learning communities are documented, so too are inequities in terms of how different populations access and use them. We present the online learning support roles (OLSR) framework, an approach using both automated analytics and qualitative interpretation to identify and explore online teaching roles. We analyze the OLSR using data logs of iRemix, the online component of the Digital Youth Network, a face-to-face and online program for urban youth in underserved communities. In three middle-school classrooms, six educators used iRemix most to interact with individual students, especially as a window into their work. Although many roles were documented, few were played regularly, raising questions about design and intentionality. To address participation inequities, our results suggest that the OLSR and related data can be used to support productive practice improvement conversations among educators and to inform the design of online social learning net...
A new two-scale model for large eddy simulation of wall -bounded flows

Abstract A new hybrid approach to model high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulent flows is developed based on coupling a two-level simulation (TLS) approach (Kemenov and Menon, 2006 [1] , 2007 [2] in the inner region with conventional large eddy simulation (LES) away from the wall. This new approach is significantly different from previous near-wall approaches for LES. In this hybrid TLS–LES approach, a very fine small-scale (SS) mesh is embedded inside the coarse LES mesh. The SS equations capture fine-scale temporal and spatial variations in all three Cartesian directions for all three velocity components near the wall. The TLS–LES equations are derived using a new scale separation operator that allows a smooth transition between the two regions, with the equations in the transition region obtained by blending the TLS large-scale and LES equations. New terms in the hybrid region are identified. The TLS–LES approach is used to study the near-wall features in canonical turbulent channel flows for a range of Reynolds number using relatively coarse large-scale (LS) grids. Results show that the TLS–LES approach is able to capture the effect of both the LS and SS features in the wall region consistently for the range of simulated Reynolds number.
Fundamental Analysis of Piezocatalysis Process on the Surfaces of Strained Piezoelectric Materials

Recently, the strain state of a piezoelectric electrode has been found to impact the electrochemical activity taking place between the piezoelectric material and its solution environment. This effect, dubbed piezocatalysis, is prominent in piezoelectric materials because the strain state and electronic state of these materials are strongly coupled. Herein we develop a general theoretical analysis of the piezocatalysis process utilizing well-established piezoelectric, semiconductor, molecular orbital and electrochemistry frameworks. The analysis shows good agreement with experimental results, reproducing the time-dependent voltage drop and H2 production behaviors of an oscillating piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-32PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) cantilever in deionized water environment. This study provides general guidance for future experiments utilizing different piezoelectric materials, such as ZnO, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and PMN-PT. Our analysis indicates a high piezoelectric coupling coefficient and a low electrical conductivity are desired for enabling high electrochemical activity; whereas electrical permittivity must be optimized to balance piezoelectric and capacitive effects.
An effective bound for reflexive sheaves on canonically trivial 3-folds

Abstract We give effective bounds for the third Chern class of a semistable rank 2 reflexive sheaf on a canonically trivial threefold.
On driftless one-dimensional SDE’s with respect to stable Levy processes

The time-dependent SDE dX t = b(t, X t−)dZ t with X 0 = x 0 ∈ ℝ, and a symmetric α-stable process Z, 1 < α ⩽ 2, is considered. We study the existence of nonexploding solutions of the given equation through the existence of solutions of the equation $$dA_t = \left| b \right|^\alpha (t,\bar Z \circ A_t )dt$$ in class of time change processes, where $$\bar Z$$ is a symmetric stable process of the same index α as Z. The approach is based on using the time change method, Krylov’s estimates for stable integrals, and properties of monotone convergence. The main existence result extends the results of Pragarauskas and Zanzotto (2000) for 1 < α < 2 and those of T. Senf (1993) for α = 2.
Mainstream Classroom Teachers and ESL Students.

The TESOL Quarterly invites readers to submit short reports and updates on their work. These summaries may address any areas of interest to Quarterly readers. Authors' addresses are printed with these reports to enable interested readers to contact the authors for more details.
Composition Control and Kalman Filtering in Emulsion Copolymerization

Composition control of the sub-micron latex particles in the semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate / n-butyl acrylate is investigated. A stochastic approach is employed to compensate for modeling inaccuracies and measurement errors and an adaptive Kalman filter is used to estimate simultaneously the process states and the statistics of the noise vectors. A combined feedforward/feedback controller is derived to maintain constant copolymer composition in the latex particles. The controller operates on the Kalman filter estimates and manipulates the monomer addition rates to the polymer reactor.
Diel vertical migration of the loosejaw dragonfishes (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Malacosteinae): a new analysis for rare pelagic taxa

The diel vertical migration (DVM) of three genera of the stomiid subfamily Malacosteinae (Photostomias, Aristostomias and Malacosteus) was analysed from capture records of nearly 300 specimens in the Atlantic Ocean. To account for broad temporal and geographic scales encountered in this study, local time of capture was transformed to a corrected time representing position in a solar day. Species of Photostomias and Aristostomias undertake asynchronous DVMs characterized by a residence in the mesopelagic zone during the day and separate migrating and non-migrating subpopulations at night. Species of Photostomias displayed an asynchronous DVM pattern characterized by a residence in the lower mesopelagic zone (>500 m) during the day and a segregated distribution at night. Specimens of Photostomias guernei captured at night in the mesopelagic were nearly identical in size to those captured in the epipelagic; however, day epipelagic specimens were stratified by size. In species of Aristostomias, few specimens were caught in the mesopelagic zone during the day and only small specimens were captured in the mesopelagic zone at night, indicating that sampling depth may not have been adequate to capture the bulk of mesopelagic daytime residents and the entire size range of the non-migrating nighttime residents. In contrast, Malacosteus niger was distributed below 600 m, did not regularly migrate to the epipelagic zone and was stratified across the 700 m isobath. From these data, relationships between DVM patterns, morphology and foraging ecology are inferred and biases and applications of this method are discussed.
Thresholds in chemical carcinogenesis: what are animal experiments telling us?

It appears that the controversy over whether animal experiments demonstrate a threshold for carcinogenicity from chemicals was due to an error in plotting dose response. A linear (arithmetic) scale for the dose of chemicals obscures effects at doses below those used in the experiment and distorts the effect seen over the range of doses used. Gaddum (Nature 156: 463, 1946) pointed out that, empirically, dose should be on a logarithmic scale to effect a linear quantal response. It now is proposed that this logarithmic relationship of dose to effect has a sound basis in chemical thermodynamics (Waddell, Toxicol Sci 68: 275-279, 2002). When the results of major studies (e.g., ED01, etc.) done in the past were reanalyzed with this in mind using the Rozman et al scale (Drug Metab Rev 28: 29-52, 1996), which has a logarithmic scale down to one molecule (10(0)), unequivocal thresholds were demonstrated. Many animal studies now have been reanalyzed by this procedure (e.g., Waddell, Toxicol Sci 72: 158-163, 2003; Waddell, Food Chem Toxicol, in press; Waddell, Hum Exp Toxicol, in press); these studies show thresholds for carcinogenicity at doses ranging from 10(17.1) to 10(21.92) molecules/kg/day. These results require a complete reevaluation of human risk assessment for carcinogenesis from chemicals and a redirection of basic research to discover the system, or systems, that are overwhelmed at these thresholds.
Cool-Tether: energy efficient on-the-fly wifi hot-spots using mobile phones

We consider the problem of providing ubiquitous yet affordable Internet connectivity to devices at home, at work, and on the move. In this context, we take advantage of two significant technology trends: the commoditization of WiFi WLAN technology and the rapid growth of cellular data services. We propose an architecture called Cool-Tether that harnesses the cellular radio links of one or more mobile smartphones in the vicinity, builds a WiFi hotspot on-the-fly, and provides energy-efficient, affordable connectivity.Prior approaches to supporting such a tethered mode operation have relied on the WiFi ad hoc mode, which impedes the key goal of conserving battery energy on mobile phones. To address the challenges of energy efficiency, Cool-Tether carefully optimizes the energy drain of the WAN (GPRS/ EDGE/ 3G) and WiFi radios on smartphones. In particular, Cool-Tether employs a cloud-based gatherer and an energy-aware striper that exploit the unique energy characteristics of the WAN radio. Cool-Tether also uses a novel reverse-infrastructure mode for WiFi, where the client host serves as a WiFi access point while the mobile phone gateway serves as a WiFi client. We prototype Cool-Tether on smartphones and, experimentally demonstrate savings in energy consumption between 38% - 71% compared to prior energy-agnostic solutions.
Optical‐Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for Volumetric and Spectral Analysis of Histological and Immunochemical Samples

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is an imaging modality with superb penetration depth and excellent absorption contrast. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that this technique can advance quantitative analysis of conventional chromogenic histochemistry. Because OR-PAM can quantify the absorption contrast at different wavelengths, it is feasible to spectrally resolve the specific biomolecules involved in a staining color. Furthermore, the tomographic capability of OR-PAM allows for noninvasive volumetric imaging of a thick sample without microtoming it. By immunostaining the sample with different chromogenic agents, we further demonstrated the ability of OR-PAM to resolve different types of cells in a coculture sample with imaging depths up to 1 mm. Taken together, the integration of OR-PAM with (immuno)histochemistry offers a simple and versatile technique with broad applications in cell biology, pathology, tissue engineering, and related biomedical studies.
Nitric Oxide Activity and Isoenzyme Expression in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse P8 Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Effects of Anti-Amyloid Antibody and Antisense Treatments

Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease induces oxidative stress through several mechanisms, including stimulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. We examined NOS activity and expression in the senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) line. The SAMP8 strain develops with aging cognitive impairments, increases in Aβ, and oxidative stress, all reversed by amyloid precursor protein antisense or Aβ antibody treatment. We found here that hippocampal NOS activity in 12-month-old SAMP8 mice was nearly double that of 2-month-old SAMP8 or CD-1 mice, but with no change in NOS isoenzyme mRNA and protein levels. Antisense or antibody treatment further increased NOS activity in aged SAMP8 mice. Antisense treatment increased inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA levels, decreased neuronal NOS mRNA and protein levels, but did not affect endothelial NOS (eNOS) or iNOS protein or eNOS mRNA levels. These results suggest a complex relation between Aβ and NOS in the SAMP8 that is largely mediated through posttranslational mechanisms.
Abscission in Coleus: Light and Phytohormone Control

Light control of leaf abscission in Coleus (Coleus blumei Benth cv. Ball 2719 Red) appears to be regulated by the quantity of endogenous auxin transported from the leaf blade to the abscission zone. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrophotometry analysis indicated that diflfusate collected from leaf tissue treated with red light contained significantly higher levels of auxin than dark and far-red light-treated leaf tissue. In addition, diffusate from red light-treated tissue inhibited abscission of leafless petioles while diffusate from far-red light-treated tissue promoted abcission when compared with diffusate from dark-treated tissue. The effect of red light on abscission could be mimicked by IAA, but not by other phytohormones. An auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), applied either as a lanolin ring around the petiole or vacuum infiltrated into tissue, could completely eliminate any red light effect on abscission. The data are consistent with a phytochrome-mediated light regulation of endogenous auxin level in the leaf which then controls abscission.
Bayesian Network Webserver: a comprehensive tool for biological network modeling

Summary: The Bayesian Network Webserver (BNW) is a platform for comprehensive network modeling of systems genetics and other biological datasets. It allows users to quickly and seamlessly upload a dataset, learn the structure of the network model that best explains the data, and use the model to understand relationships between network variables. Many datasets, including those used to create genetic network models, contain both discrete (e.g., genotype) and continuous (e.g., gene expression traits) variables, and BNW allows for modeling hybrid datasets. Users of BNW can incorporate prior knowledge during structure learning through an easy-to-use structural constraint interface. After structure learning, users are immediately presented with an interactive network model, which can be used to make testable hypotheses about network relationships. Availability and implementation ** : BNW, including a downloadable
HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES FOLLOWING INFUSION OF INTRAVENOUS FAT EMULSIONS.

bio4 -6 clinical,7 - 12 and gi3’ � and toxicitytm’ of various intravenous fat emulsions. However, to our knowledge, no study on the hemodynamic changes associated with the infusion of fat emulsions has been reported. Our investigation was undertaken in an attempt to find an explanation for some of the untoward reactions (e.g., dyspnea and hypotensive episodes) which occur in some patients following infusion of fat emulsion and the collapse of animals receiving certain preparations, and to predict the toxicity of preparations from
Specific protection of nucleotides in the lac operator from DMS methylation and DNase I nicking by crude bacterial cell extracts

Abstract Crude bacterial cell extracts prepared from an Escherichia coli lacI q strain were shown to protect specific nucleotides in the lac operator from methylation by dimethyl sulfate (DMS) or digestion by DNase I, whereas no protection was observed using extracts prepared from a nearly isogenic lac I − strain. These experiments show that it is not necessary to use purified regulatory proteins in experiments designed to localize sequences on DNA which interact with proteins. Therefore, crude cell extracts should be useful in DNA “footprinting” experiments to define regions of DNA which bind to unknown regulatory proteins.
Ecological factors affect the level and scaling of avian BMR

The basal rate of metabolism (BMR) in 533 species of birds, when examined with ANCOVA, principally correlates with body mass, most of the residual variation correlating with food habits, climate, habitat, a volant or flightless condition, use or not of torpor, and a highland or lowland distribution. Avian BMR also correlates with migratory habits, if climate and a montane distribution is excluded from the analysis, and with an occurrence on small islands if a flightless condition and migration are excluded. Residual variation correlates with membership in avian orders and families principally because these groups are behaviorally and ecologically distinctive. However, the distinction between passerines and other birds remains a significant correlate of avian BMR, even after six ecological factors are included, with other birds having BMRs that averaged 74% of the passerine mean. This combination of factors accounts for 97.7% of the variation in avian BMR. Yet, migratory species that belong to Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, and Procellariiformes and breed in temperate or polar environments have mass-independent basal rates equal to those found in passerines. In contrast, penguins belong to an order of polar, aquatic birds that have basal rates lower than passerines because their flightless condition depresses basal rate. Passerines dominate temperate, terrestrial environments and the four orders of aquatic birds dominate temperate and polar aquatic environments because their high BMRs facilitate reproduction and migration. The low BMRs of tropical passerines may reflect a sedentary lifestyle as much as a life in a tropical climate. Birds have BMRs that are 30-40% greater than mammals because of the commitment of birds to an expensive and expansive form of flight.
Acute Effect of Lidocaine on Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Function

The acute effects of lidocaine on coronary blood flow, hemodynamic parameters, and wall function were studied in 14 anesthetized pigs. Lidocaine was infused intravenously as a bolus (dosage range from 1.5 to 4.0 mg/kg). At ten to thirty seconds after infusion, coronary blood flow reached 154 +/- 38% (mean +/- SD) of the baseline resting flow (p less than 0.001). The double product, an estimate of myocardial oxygen demand, decreased from a baseline value of 9221 +/- 2174 to 8008 +/- 1923 mmHg beats/min (p less than 0.01). Sixty seconds postinfusion myocardial function decreased from baseline wall thickening of 46 +/- 25% to 41 +/- 17% (p = 0.04). An acute bolus of lidocaine appears to transiently increase coronary blood flow, by decreasing coronary vascular resistance, and also decrease myocardial function. Thus, an acute lidocaine bolus may favorably alter the myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio.
Simultaneous Dynamic Voltage Scaling of Processors and Communication Links in Real-Time Distributed Embedded Systems

Dynamic voltage scaling has been widely acknowledged as a powerful technique for trading off power consumption and delay for processors. Recently, variable-frequency (and variable-voltage) parallel and serial links have also been proposed, which can save link power consumption by exploiting variations in bandwidth requirement. In this paper, we address joint dynamic voltage scaling for variable-voltage processors and communication links in such systems. We propose a scheduling algorithm for real-time applications, with both data flow and control flow information captured. It performs efficient routing of communication events through multi-hops, as well as efficient slack allocation among heterogeneous processors and communication links to maximize energy savings, while meeting all real-time constraints.
Testing the 'Popsicle Test': Realities of Retail Shopping in New 'Traditional Neighbourhood Developments'

The economic viability of 'local walk-to shopping' districts in newly designed 'traditional neighbourhood developments' in the US is examined. Evidence is presented on: the scale and density of development acceptable to Americans; planners' preference for walkable neighbourhoods; and, the size of retail establishments necessary for economic profitability. Data on household expenditures in various categories are compared with the minimum scale for retail outlets to determine development density necessary to support such stores by walk-to shoppers. Alternatively, assuming acceptable development densities, the proportion of shoppers who will have to drive to the retail stores in the development area is examined. The evidence indicates little chance of neighbourhood retail districts surviving on local walk-to shoppers alone.
Human Laboratory Studies on Cannabinoids and Psychosis

Some of the most compelling evidence supporting an association between cannabinoid agonists and psychosis comes from controlled laboratory studies in humans. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover laboratory studies demonstrate that cannabinoid agonists, including phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, produce a wide range of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms and psychophysiologic deficits in healthy human subjects that resemble the phenomenology of schizophrenia. These effects are time locked to drug administration, are dose related, and are transient and rarely necessitate intervention. The magnitude of effects is similar to the effects of ketamine but qualitatively distinct from other psychotomimetic drugs, including ketamine, amphetamine, and salvinorin A. Cannabinoid agonists have also been shown to transiently exacerbate symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia in laboratory studies. Patients with schizophrenia are more vulnerable than healthy control subjects to the acute behavioral and cognitive effects of cannabinoid agonists and experience transient exacerbation of symptoms despite treatment with antipsychotic medications. Furthermore, laboratory studies have failed to demonstrate any "beneficial" effects of cannabinoid agonists in individuals with schizophrenia-challenging the cannabis self-medication hypothesis. Emerging evidence suggests that polymorphisms of several genes related to dopamine metabolism (e.g., COMT, DAT1, and AKT1) may moderate the effects of cannabinoid agonists in laboratory studies. Cannabinoid agonists induce dopamine release, although the magnitude of release does not appear to be commensurate to the magnitude and spectrum of their acute psychotomimetic effects. Interactions between the endocannabinoid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate systems and their individual and interactive effects on neural oscillations provide a plausible mechanism underlying the psychotomimetic effects of cannabinoids.
Controlled preinoculation of supercooled liquids condensed in droplets from pseudosublimation of solid chemical compounds

The application of pre-inoculation to droplets of supercooled liquids, as has been done in sublimation, can provide satisfactory crystals for the measurement of profile angles, which may be used for such purposes as distinguishing between homologs. The method is described in relation toN,N-dimethyl-p-nitroso aniline and the diethyl homolog. The advantages for forensic work are emphasised.
Murine typhus: updated roles of multiple urban components and a second typhuslike rickettsia.

Studies using serologic and polymerase chain reaction-(PCR) facilitated analysis of field samples from southern Texas indicate the presence of Rickettsia typhi and ELB agent infected cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), and the first observation of ELB infected vertebrates (opossums). The ELB agent is a recently described typhus-like rickettsia that is not distinguished from R. typhi or R. prowazekii by currently available serologic reagents. Restriction digests of PCR products from 399 fleas revealed an ELB agent infection rate of 3.8% and a R. typhi infection rate of 0.8%. Three of nine tested opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were shown to harbor ELB agent infections. No R. typhi infected rats, Rattus norvegicus, or rat-fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild, were detected among surveyed samples. The persistence of this murine typhus disease focus appears to be better accounted for by the presence of infected cat fleas, opossums, and other non-rat hosts found in close association with human populations. Involvement of the ELB agent in the biology of murine typhus is suggested by its prevalence among suspected vectors and reservoir hosts.
Epidemiological investigation on the first case of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza in Jiangmen Guangdong province

Objective To control the spread of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza, and prevent the outbreak.Methods Epidemiological survey was carried out including the clinical course, possible infection source, transmission route and risk factors, etc. Strict observation was made on close contacts of the patient. Meanwhile the patient underwent clinical diagnosis, treatment and laboratory tests. Results The patient was confirmed to be infected with highly pathogenic human avian influenza H7N9 virus as ascertained by experts of Health and Family Planning Commission of Guangdong, and died after failed in rescue.The patient had confirmed with exposure to poultry market, showing positive result in the H7N9 nucleic acid detection of the swab. Close contacts of the patient had no secondary cases.By expanding surveillance on 215 cases of influenza-like illness(ILI), no H7N9 positive cases was found. However, on live poultry market that the patient exposure to,three external environment specimens were detected to be H7N9 positive. Conclusion The human infection with H7N9 avian influenza could be appeared later. Further studies and works are needed for prevention and control of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza.
Mitochondrial protein synthesis during thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

The goal of this paper was to determine the effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3)-thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy on the rates of synthesis of mitochondrial proteins by both the cytoplasmic...
Long-Term Survival of a Vena Caval Recurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma

AbstractA 6½-year survivor of a vena caval recurrence of renal cell carcinoma is described. No other similar case can be found in the English literature.
Polynomial Trajectory Planning for Aggressive Quadrotor Flight in Dense Indoor Environments

We explore the challenges of planning trajectories for quadrotors through cluttered indoor environments. We extend the existing work on polynomial trajectory generation by presenting a method of jointly optimizing polynomial path segments in an unconstrained quadratic program that is numerically stable for high-order polynomials and large numbers of segments, and is easily formulated for efficient sparse computation. We also present a technique for automatically selecting the amount of time allocated to each segment, and hence the quadrotor speeds along the path, as a function of a single parameter determining aggressiveness, subject to actuator constraints. The use of polynomial trajectories, coupled with the differentially flat representation of the quadrotor, eliminates the need for computationally intensive sampling and simulation in the high dimensional state space of the vehicle during motion planning. Our approach generates high-quality trajecrtories much faster than purely sampling-based optimal kinodynamic planning methods, but sacrifices the guarantee of asymptotic convergence to the global optimum that those methods provide. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm by efficiently generating trajectories through challenging indoor spaces and successfully traversing them at speeds up to 8 m/s. A demonstration of our algorithm and flight performance is available at: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/rrg/quad_polynomial_trajectory_planning.
Assemblage of Superalkali Complexes with Ever Low-Ionization Potentials

A simple recipe is proposed for the obtention of new molecules with even lower vertical ionization potential (VIP): to decorate an atom of an electronegative element with superalkali species in number that exceeds its formal valence by one. For instance, density functional theory calculations show that by using the superalkali Li3O cluster (VIP = 3.83 eV) as building blocks decorating the O atom one obtains VIP = 3.33 eV for the Li9O4 cluster, which is lower than the calculated VIP for Cs (3.89 eV) and Li (5.39 eV). This feature is systematic, as confirmed by calculated results on Li–F and Li–S clusters as well. The calculated binding energy per atom of the large-sized species exceeds by far that of LiF (134.7 kcal/mol).
Characterization of Isolated Cells in Primary Culture from Human term Placenta by Electron Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry

During pregnancy the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the human placenta elaborates both protein and steroid hormones (Gaspard et al., 1980; Simpson and MacDonald, 1981; Winkel et al., 1980). The mitotically inactive but biochemically functional syncytiotrophoblasts are formed in vivo by the fusion of the underlying mitotically active, mature, mononucleated cytotrophoblast cells (Boyd and Hamilton, 1967; Enders, 1965; Pierce and Midgley, 1963; Wislocki and Dempsey, 1955; Wynn, 1972).
Structure and the (014)/(005) X-Ray Line Intensity in 1-2-3 Superconductors

The discovery of high Tc superconductivity in the La-Ba-Cu-O system [1] initiated an accelerated interest in this and related systems. To date the highest zero resistance temperatures have been observed in compounds of the form R1Ba2Cu3O9-δ where R = Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Er, and Lu. [2–6] The Y1Ba2Cu3O9-δ compound has been studied extensively by x-ray diffraction [7–11] neutron scattering [12, 13] and thermogravimetric analys is. [2, 4] The unit cell is found to have a sequential Ba-Y-Ba stacking, an ordered oxygen deficiency, [13] and a slight orthorhombic distortion. [7–11] The similarity of the x-ray diffraction data and lattice constants of the compounds in this series strongly indicates that these compounds have the same structure, with the specific rare earth element simply substituting for Y.
Stem cells and dental tissue reconstruction

The discovery of dental stem cells provided a new avenue for cell-based tissue engineering and regeneration of dental tissues. These dental tissue–derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) share characteristics similar to other MSCs, yet, they are subtly different. They are relatively robust stem/progenitor cells, and these cells can proliferate many times in cultures, reaching a large number from a small population at the time of isolation. Since their discovery, tremendous progress has been made demonstrating their potential in dental tissue regeneration in small and large animal models. This chapter will review the recent studies on the characteristics of several dental stem cells and their potential tissue regeneration potential including pulp dentin, periodontal tissue, and whole tooth regeneration.
Contrasting effects of 5-HT3 receptor stimulation of the nucleus accumbens or ventral tegmentum on food intake in the rat

Although serotonin (5-HT) signaling is known to regulate food intake and energy homeostasis, the roles of the 5-HT3 receptor in feeding processes have been elusive. 5-HT3 receptors are found throughout mesolimbic circuitry that promote feeding not only in response to hunger, but also to the palatable and rewarding properties of food. These experiments examined if stimulation or blockade of the 5-HT3 receptor of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or ventral tegmentum affected food intake in the rat in response to hunger or the presence of a palatable diet. Rats (N=6-9/group) received bilateral injections of the 5-HT3 agonist m-chlorophenylbiguanide hydrochloride (mCPBG; at 0.0, 10.0, or 20.0μg/0.5μl/side) or the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron hydrochloride (at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, or 5.0μg/0.5μl/side) into either the NAcc or the ventral tegmentum. NAcc 5-HT3 receptor stimulation significantly increased 2-h food intake in food-deprived animals offered rat chow and in a separate group of unrestricted rats offered a sweetened fat diet. In contrast to the feeding increase seen with NAcc treatments, stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors of the ventral tegmentum significantly reduced food and water intake in food-restricted animals; reductions of intake in non-restricted rats offered the palatable diet did not approach significance. Blockade of the 5-HT3 receptor had no effect on feeding in either brain region. These data support a functional role for serotonergic signaling in the mesolimbic pathway on motivated behavior, and demonstrate that 5-HT3 receptors differentially modulate food consumption in a region-dependent manner.
Helping Doctoral Students Establish Long-Term Identities as Technical Communication Scholars.

This article aims to help doctoral students in technical communication prepare themselves for the academic job market and for the subsequent process of earning tenure and promotion in increasingly demanding environments. The authors propose that students do four things: (a) learn to spot and articulate research problems; (b) find their vocation—the work to which they feel a personal calling—within technical communication; (c) identify the research methods that best suit their personalities; and (d) articulate a research identity and agenda that they can explain at three different levels of abstraction: describing individual projects, naming the coherent themes that connect these projects, and defining themselves concisely as scholars. All these orienting practices involve students in stepping back, looking for larger patterns in their work and in their professional interests, and finding specific language to represent them.
Characterization of the Effects of Exogenous Camp Combined on C. Albicans Morphogenesis in Strains Lacking NRG1P, RFG1P, or TUP1P (Poster)

This study employs new techniques using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to assess the relative health, physiological condition, and reproductive function of wild bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in Montana and Wyoming. Ongoing bighorn studies in Montana and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem are focused on herd attributes and the population dynamics which are affected by disease, climate, habitat and physiology. Indices of herd health and physiological status are typically obtained through expensive and time consuming lab assays and field measurements. Recently, NMR spectroscopy has been used to revolutionize the assessment of human metabolic health, and we expect that there is similar potential for studies of wildlife populations. Using NMR spectroscopy to assess metabolites associated with disease, nutrition and stress may eliminate the need for many traditional assays and techniques used today. NMR can be used to evaluate a large suite of metabolites associated with a variety of physiological functions from as little as 500 uL of serum or plasma. Blood samples from 242 sheep from 13 different herds were collected during the winters of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to develop a comprehensive metabolite panel for bighorn sheep. We have used a recently developed statistical program known as MetaboAnalyst™ to begin to analyze and evaluate differences in NMR metabolic profiles among herds and across the fall-winter season when nutritional and physiological stress is expected to be acute. We will be presenting the results of this preliminary study and discussing the potential for application in wildlife management.
Movement of Water Between Blood, Brain and CSF in Cerebral Edema

Movement of water between blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid was studied in cats with experimentally induced brain edema. A freeze lesion was used to induce edema characterized by an increase of brain extracellular space fluid. Major blood vessels supplying blood to the head were clamped to produce edema characterized by an increase of brain intracellular space fluid. Serum osmolality was decreased also to induce intracellular edema. Bulk flow of CSF into the cerebral ventricles was measured by the technique of ventriculocisternal perfusion. After perfusion, the water content of cerebral gray and white matter was measured.
King: “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

“Letter from a Birmingham Jail” was written on April 16, 963, by Martin Luther King, Jr. in response to criticism by eight white Alabama clergymen about his passive, nonviolent, resistance method of protesting the injustices experienced by African Americans in Alabama. In this letter, King defended the strategy, timeliness, and propriety of the civil rights movement. He advocated as current president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, concerned citizen, fellow clergyman, black man, politician, and orator. He appealed to the patriotic, religious, moral, and legal sentiments of his intended audience. King painstakingly explained his beliefs, logically marshaled his arguments, and deliberately defended his strategy, while expressing his disappointment with the white church's distance from the movement. This entry provides an overview of the letter, while focusing on King's assessment of various criminal justice agencies. Keywords: civil disobedience; civil rights; justice
Geographic Configuration Fluidity in Virtual Teams: Consequences for Individuals and Teams

As communications technologies become increasingly stable and secure, distributed virtual work is fast becoming a central component of how global organizations function (Caya, Mortensen & Pissoneau...
1597b Improving employee involvement through safety communication

Introduction Employee safety incentive programs are a form of communicating to engage employees to increase the use of safety controls ranging from the use of proper tools, pre-task planning, to the use of personal protective equipment. We developed a safety communication and recognition program designed to encourage improvement of physical working conditions and hazard reduction in construction. The program communicated how well both the work site and individual subcontractors were controlling hazards on the site. Methods To evaluate the developed program, we completed a cluster randomised controlled trial on eight worksites for approximately five months per site. Pre- and post- worker surveys measured changes in safety climate (n=615 with follow up rate of 88%). Multi-level mixed effect regression models tested the effect of B-SAFE on safety climate as assessed from surveys. Focus groups (n=6–8 workers/site) provided qualitative measures of changes not measured via the surveys. Result Safety climate score at intervention sites improved. The intervention effect size was 1.64 (3.28%) (P-value=0.01) when adjusted for month the worker started on-site, total length of time on-site, as well as individual characteristics (trade, title, age, and race/ethnicity). At intervention sites, workers noted increased levels of safety awareness, communication, and teamwork compared to control sites. Managers noted that subcontractors worked together and workers were engaged in the communication and receiving the data. Discussion The program led to many positive changes, including an improvement in safety climate, awareness, teambuilding, and communication. The program is a simple approach to engaged workers through effective communication infrastructures and had a significant, positive effect on worksite safety
In-Situ Preparation of High-Tc Thin Films by Co-Evaporation Using Ozone Vapor Oxidation

Distilled ozone vapor has been used in a co-evaporation process to produce superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x in-situ at background evaporation pressures on the order of 10−7 Torr. Ozone is distilled at 77 K from a dilute O3/O2 mixture to form solid ozone with a purity greater than 98%. When prepared in this manner the ozone can be warmed to provide a well characterized source of reactive oxygen for production of the superconductor and oxidation of subsequent overlayers. In addition thin overlayers of Y metal applied in-situ to the surface of YBa2Cu3O7−x films are passivated in the presence of the ozone vapor. This is seen in an XPS analysis of the oxidation state of Cu at the surface of the superconductor.
Drainage Systems After Percutanous Renal Procedures

Exit strategies following percutaneous renal surgery continue to evolve with the goal of decreasing perioperative morbidity and improving operative outcomes. Traditionally, a percutaneous nephrostomy tube has been utilized at the completion of the case to tamponade the access tract, drain blood and stone debris, and maintain renal access. In this chapter we review the wide array of catheters that are available to drain the collecting system following percutaneous renal surgery. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of catheter are detailed. Alternate percutaneous techniques such as the “mini-perc,” tubeless (stented), and totally tubeless are reviewed, with an emphasis on pertinent prospective studies evaluating their relative efficacy and safety. Lastly, adjuvant tract treatments such as hemostatic agents, electrocautery, and cryoablation are discussed.
Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with alprazolam: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover clinical trial

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized multiple crossover study was designed to determine the effectiveness of alprazolam in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Patients maintained daily diaries of 22 premenstrual symptoms for one pretreatment control cycle and four treatment cycles. Alprazolam 0.25 mg or placebo was administered three times daily from cycle day 20 until the second day of menstruation, at which time the dosage was tapered by one tablet per day to minimize withdrawal effects. The results of the clinical trial indicate that alprazolam is significantly more effective than placebo in relieving the severity of premenstrual nervous tension, mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, fatigue, forgetfulness, crying, cravings for sweets, abdominal bloating, abdominal cramps, and headache. The low incidence of side effects makes alprazolam an acceptable treatment for premenstrual syndrome for those women unresponsive to other therapies.
Developing Methodology for Experimentation Using a Nuclear Power Plant Simulator

Many of today’s most complicated systems are human-machine systems that involve extensive advanced technology and a team of highly trained operators. As these human-machine systems are so complex, it is important to understand the factors that influence operator performance, operator state (e.g., overloaded, underload, stress) and the types of errors that operators make. Thus, it is desirable to develop an experimental methodology for studying complex systems that involve team operations. This paper looks at Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operations as a test case for building this methodology. The methodology will reference some aspects/details specific to NPPs, but the general principles are intended to extend to any complex system that involves team operations.
The Application of Workflow Technology in Semantic B2B Integration

Workflow Management Systems (WFMSs) are often used in context of B2B integration as a base technology to implement business-to-business (B2B) integration processes across enterprises. In this context the notion of “distributed inter-organizational workflows” is introduced to indicate the collaboration of enterprises on a process level. This notion requires a thorough examination presented in this article since WFMSs were not designed with inter-enterprise distribution as one of the design goals. At a closer look, the proposed use of WFMSs in context of B2B integration is often very naive and inappropriate. Consequently it does not address the real requirements found in enterprises. Enterprises do not share common workflow definitions, let alone common workflow instance execution state and have no intent to do so due to competitive knowledge protection. Furthermore, trading partner specific business rules within enterprises are not accounted for leading to an unwanted “explosion” of workflow definitions. This article clarifies the notion of “distributed inter-organizational workflows” as well as private and public processes. Based on this definition, the appropriate use of WFMSs is shown in context of an overall B2B integration solution that allows enterprises to protect their competitive knowledge while participating in B2B integration.
PrivacyCheck: Automatic Summarization of Privacy Policies Using Data Mining

Prior research shows that only a tiny percentage of users actually read the online privacy policies they implicitly agree to while using a website. Prior research also suggests that users ignore privacy policies because these policies are lengthy and, on average, require 2 years of college education to comprehend. We propose a novel technique that tackles this problem by automatically extracting summaries of online privacy policies. We use data mining models to analyze the text of privacy policies and answer 10 basic questions concerning the privacy and security of user data, what information is gathered from them, and how this information is used. In order to train the data mining models, we thoroughly study privacy policies of 400 companies (considering 10% of all listings on NYSE, Nasdaq, and AMEX stock markets) across industries. Our free Chrome browser extension, PrivacyCheck, utilizes the data mining models to summarize any HTML page that contains a privacy policy. PrivacyCheck stands out from currently available counterparts because it is readily applicable on any online privacy policy. Cross-validation results show that PrivacyCheck summaries are accurate 40% to 73% of the time. Over 400 independent Chrome users are currently using PrivacyCheck.