cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dimeric lipoprotein lipase is bound to triglyceride- rich plasma lipoproteins

Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes the triglyceride-rich core of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins. It is also a ligand, in vitro, for binding of lipoproteins to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and may play a central role in the receptor-mediated removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The aim of the present study was to determine to which lipoprotein subclass the enzyme is bound in preheparin plasma and when released into plasma by heparin injection. Tetrahydrolipstatin, a potent inhibitor of serine lipases, was used to block lipolytic activity, thereby preventing changes in plasma lipoproteins due to ex vivo lipolysis. To analyze the distribution pattern of lipoprotein lipase dimers among lipoprotein classes, a specific ELISA was used and gel filtration was performed in pre- and postheparin plasma from five subjects with triglyceride ranging from 69 to 522 mg/dl. When lipolytic activity was not inhibited, lipoprotein lipase dimers eluted in association with low and high density lipoproteins, reproducing results previously obtained by several groups of investigators. However, in pre- and postheparin samples treated with tetrahydrolipstatin, most of the dimeric enzyme was found associated with very low density lipoprotein particles. In conclusion in pre- and postheparin samples most of the lipoprotein lipase dimers are associated with very low density lipoproteins when ex vivo lipolytic activity is inhibited, which supports the hypothesis that, in vivo, lipoprotein lipase may affect the receptor-mediated removal of these particles. Moreover, it suggests that the association between lipoprotein lipase and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins might be an ex vivo phenomenon due to lack of inhibition of lipolytic activity.
Monte Carlo Based Correction of Lambert-Beer Algorithm: Early Deoxygenation Changes Measured by Optical Spectroscopy during Whisker Barrel Cortex Activation in Rats

Changes in oxygenation following whisker barrel stimulation in rat were calculated from reflected light intensities. After a Monte Carlo based correction of pathlength we found no evidence for a early increase in deoxy-Hb (‘dip’).
Chicano Literature and Ideology: Prospectus for the '80s

In the decades since its contemporary renaissance, the Chicano novel has contributed to a general reassessment of the cultural-historical creativity of Mexicans in the American Southwest. Generally speaking, the Chicano novel has provided a mediated truth about a culturally determinate people in a historically determined context. The truth of the real world that Chicanos experience has thus been made to inhabit literature. Readers and critics of the literature have assumed that to know this cultural truth one
A conundrum: general or neuraxial anesthesia and the use of ROTEM

We report the use of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to guide the management of a 29-year-old primigravida at 36weeks' gestation with portal hypertension, esophageal varices, suspected pseudocholinesterase deficiency, and steroid refractory thrombocytopenia presenting to labor and delivery with worsening peripheral edema and new-onset hypertension. A multidisciplinary decision for preoperative platelet transfusion and cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia was made, guided by ROTEM. A successful cesarean delivery was performed with no bleeding complications.
Influence Research of the Coexistence of Iron and Calcium Ion on the Performance of Membrane Bioreactor

In this paper,the effect of the coexistence of iron and calcium on the performance of membrane bioreactor( MBR) was investigated. The experimental results showed that the average removal rate of COD,NH3-N and TP maintained high and stable level at the different ratio of iron and calcium,which were about 94%,98% and 98%,respectively. The membrane fouling rate was significantly decreased when the ratio of iron and calcium was 1: 3. With the help of calcium ions,the concentration of soluble microbial products( SMP) in MBR decreased obviously,especially to the polysaccharide in SMP. It was reported that the concentration of SMP polysaccharide was closely related with the calcium ion. By the analysis of extracellular polymeric substances( EPSs),it was also found that the ratio of iron and calcium had a great effect on the loosely bound EPSs( LB-EPSs) concentration,however,which had no obviously relationship with the amount of tightly bound EPSs( TB-EPSs).
Rapid determination of trace cadmium in rice by microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Objective:To study and develop the analytical method for rapid determination of trace cadmium in rice by microwave digestion with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS). Methods:The rice sample was pretreated by quick exorcising acid from digestion solution under high temperature after microwave digestion,then the digested samples were added mixed modifier(containing 0. 5% palladium nitrate and 0. 5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution),determined by GFAAS and quantified by standard curve method. Results:A linear relationship between the cadmium content and absorbency was found in the range of 0ng/ml ~ 2. 0ng/ml with the correlation coefficient of 0. 9994. Recoveries were 87. 1% ~ 92. 6 % with relative standard deviations(RSD)less than 5%. Conclusion:The results indicated that the method was convenient,safe,rapid,accurate,reliable and suitable for measurement of cadmium in rice.
Incomplete Integration: Water, Drought, and Electricity Planning in the West

The water-energy nexus is increasingly important as climate change alters social, policy, and economic tradeoffs and choices. This is particularly true in the arid western United States. This article provides an original empirical assessment of 33 integrated resource plans (IRPs) of electric utilities in that region. The analysis shows that only a minority of utilities address the risk of drought in their IRPs. Even fewer use their IRPs to develop concrete plans to address drought risk. Consequently, we suggest four different strategies for utilities to better integrate water and electricity planning. Importantly, our analysis reveals that legal and policy changes may best encourage such improved planning integration. In developing these conclusions, the article also (1) overviews different cooling technologies used for electricity generation facilities, (2) details cooling technology and water use for utilities in the West, and (3) provides and analyzes original data on whether utility IRPs assess different water- and non-water related risks.
Effects of Phorbol Esters on Phospholipid Metabolism in Vitro

It has long been suspected that due to their lipophilic nature, the tumor promoting phorbol esters exert their primary effect within the cellular membrane system, and the earliest evidence indicating that membranes are in fact targets for phorbol ester action was presented by Sivak and associates (1–3). Investigations prompted by these early reports have revealed that there is a specific phorbol ester binding component which is at least partially localized within cell membranes (4,5) and one of the earliest and most striking consequences of phorbol ester action is the stimulation of membrane phospholipid metabolism. This has proven to be the case both with the in vivo mouse skin model (6–9) and with a variety of cell types in vitro.
“And Who Is My Brother?” The Scope of Religious Communitarianism in Europe:

Analyzing 40 countries in the 2008–2009 European Values Study (EVS), we test hypotheses that three religion dimensions—religious orthodoxy (believing), involvement in religious services and organiz...
Resonance-based optical routing and nonreciprocity in photonic molecules with coupled whispering gallery modes

Through numerical modeling, we study routing of the light pulses in coupled cylindrical whispering gallery mode microresonators. The coupling of light in and out of such structures is provided using strip-waveguides. We show that such photonic molecules display a complicated resonant behavior, leading to a nonreciprocal transport and a wavelength-dependent connectivity of the optical ports.
Deckle Optimization and Winder Roll Management in Paper Manufacturing

Abstract This work proposes an expert management system of winding as linked with paper machine production planning and coordination. The integrated management system operates at three levels which receives the information of deckle buckets sent by paper machIne production planning. The main goal of deckle optimization at the highest level is to minimize the paper waste in arranging the reels in a bucket and provide the deckle information to a lower level. The winder optimization at the lower level receives the deckle information. The general goal of winding optimization is to maximize the roll quality and to provide the winding rate equal to the paper machine production. Corresponding to the generated optimum results, the winder optimization block generates the supervisory set point values such as: for web tension, and the target diameter of finished roll, to provide a high quality roll with the desired final diameter.
Determinants of the Sojourner's Attitudinal Satisfaction: A Path Model

This paper develops a sequential model that specifies the interrelationships among six major variables which determine a sojourner's attitudinal satisfaction with living in another culture. Attitud...
Name extraction and formal concept analysis

Many applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) start with a set of structured data such as objects and their properties. In practice, most of the data which is readily available are in the form of unstructured or semistructured text. A typical application of FCA assumes the extraction of objects and their properties by some other methods or techniques. For example, in the 2003 Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) project on Advanced Knowledge Integration In Assessing Terrorist Threats, a data extraction tool was used to mine the text for the structured data. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of our approach to extraction ofpersonal names forpossible subsequent use inFCA. Our basic approach is to integrate statistics on names and other words into an adaptation of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We use lists of names and their relative frequencies compiled from U.S. Census data. We also use a list of non-name words along with their frequencies in a training set from our collection of documents. These lists are compiled into one master list to be used as a part of the design.
Nondestructive/Noninvasive Imaging Evaluation of Cellular Differentiation Progression During In Vitro Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Chondrogenesis.

Chondrogenic cell differentiation constitutes a multistep program that is spatially and temporally modulated by combinations of bioactive factors that drives the establishment of specific cellular phenotypes. This results in the fabrication of a distinctive structural and functional extracellular matrix (ECM) which determines the quality of the tissue and, thus, its potential in vivo implantability. Current assessments of engineered cartilage rely on destructive methodologies typically applied at the end of the fabrication period that make it difficult to predict failures early in the process. The high inherent variability of engineered tissues raises questions regarding reproducibility and the validity of using representative samples to characterize an entire batch of engineered tissues. Therefore, the development of dynamic, multi-modal, non-destructive/non-invasive technology toolsets to monitor cell differentiation (and secondarily tissue phenotypes) in real-time is of paramount importance. Here, we r...
Effects of battery degradation on economic viability of energy storage systems participating in regulation markets

FERC Order 755 requires transmission system operators to provide performance-based payment for ancillary services. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have the capacity to play a more vital role in regulation market because of their ability to provide an accurate and fast response to automatic generation control (AGC) dispatch signals. However, since batteries are complex electrochemical systems, it is difficult to understand how the battery degradation phenomena will affect the total revenue from BESS providing the regulation service. In this paper, we show that bid-in strategies that consider the battery degradation as a function of the service provided have a substantial effect on the total revenue for the BESS operators. Different bid-in strategies aiming at enhancing BESS's total revenue before it reaches its end of life are analyzed and compared with nominal capacity based bid-in approaches. Finally, we propose a practical bid-in strategy that provides substantial improvement over the nominal capacity based approach.
Temporal patterns of facial expression in deceptive and honest communication

Video recordings 151 online dyadic conversations involving individuals playing a deception-based interrogation game were collected for analysis of temporal features involving facial expression. The interrogation game involved two participants (one interrogator and one witness) engaging in an interrogation in which the witness was directed to either lie or tell the truth regarding evidence that was presented to the witness. Analysis identified that interrogators paired with dishonest witnesses demonstrated a higher variance in their smile-related lip corner puller action unit expression than interrogators paired with honest witnesses. We propose to apply HMM-based multimodal models to identify the temporal patters in facial expressions in dyadic communication and hope to discover differences in such patterns between honest and dishonest communication.
Systolic Blood Pressure and Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Importance Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels are associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure. Less is known about this association in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Objective To determine the associations of SBP levels with mortality and other outcomes in HFpEF. Design, Setting, and Participants A propensity score–matched observational study of the Medicare-linked Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) registry included 25 354 patients who were discharged alive; 8873 (35.0%) had an ejection fraction of at least 50%, and of these, 3915 (44.1%) had stable SBP levels (≤20 mm Hg admission to discharge variation). Data were collected from 259 hospitals in 48 states between March 1, 2003, and December 31, 2004. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2003, to December 31, 2008. Exposure Discharge SBP levels less than 120 mm Hg. A total of 1076 of 3915 (27.5%) had SBP levels less than 120 mm Hg, of whom 901 (83.7%) were matched by propensity scores with 901 patients with SBP levels of 120 mm Hg or greater who were balanced on 58 baseline characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day, 1-year, and overall all-cause mortality and heart failure readmission through December 31, 2008. Results The 1802 matched patients had a mean (SD) age of 79 (10) years; 1147 (63.7%) were women, and 134 (7.4%) were African American. Thirty-day all-cause mortality occurred in 91 (10%) and 45 (5%) of matched patients with discharge SBP of less than 120 mm Hg vs 120 mm Hg or greater, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.45-2.95;P Conclusions and Relevance Among hospitalized patients with HFpEF, an SBP level less than 120 mm Hg is significantly associated with poor outcomes. Future studies need to prospectively evaluate optimal SBP treatment goals in patients with HFpEF.
Ketamine: A Promising Rapid-Acting Antidepressant

The monoaminergic deficiency hypothesis of depression has dominated the field of mood disorders research for several decades. This hypothesis has led to many advancements, including the theoretical underpinnings of the mechanism of action of all current oral antidepressants. However, the monoaminergic deficiency hypothesis does not fully explain the neurobiology of mood disorders, including the high rates of non-response and the delayed time between initiation of therapy and improvement in mood and related symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests a strong role for the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, which may provide more efficient therapeutic targets in the development of novel antidepressants. Ketamine, which acts directly on a glutamatergic receptor (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor), has been shown to produce robust and rapid antidepressant effects after just a single dose. The effects of a single-dose have been replicated in several clinical trials of modest size. Less is known about multiple dosing protocols. While ketamine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration and similar agencies as an anesthetic, it is not approved in any country as an antidepressant. Concerns of the long-term effects on cognition and abuse from repeated ketamine exposure motivate the search for relapse prevention strategies that do not involve repeated administration of the drug. Given that a growing number of providers have begun offering ketamine off-label for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, future research is urgently needed to better understand long-term risks as well as evidence-based treatment regimens.
Tectal CRFR1 receptors modulate food intake and feeding behavior in the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.

Abstract The optic tectum and superior colliculus rapidly inhibit food intake when a visual threat is present. Previous work indicates that CRF, acting on CRFR1 receptors, may play a role in tectal inhibition of feeding behavior and food intake. Here we test the hypothesis that tectal CRFR1 receptors modulate food intake and feeding behavior in juvenile Xenopus laevis. We performed five experiments to test the following questions: 1) Does tectal CRF injection decrease food intake/feeding behavior? 2) Does a selective CRFR1 antagonist block CRF effects on feeding/feeding behavior? 3) Does a reactive stressor decrease food intake/feeding behavior? 4) Does a selective CRFR1 antagonist block reactive stress-induced decrease in feeding/feeding behavior? 5) Does food deprivation increase food intake/feeding behavior? Tectal CRF injections reduced food intake and influenced exploratory behavior, hindlimb kicks, and time in contact with food. These effects were blocked by the selective R1 antagonist NBI-27914. Exposure to a reactive stressor decreased food intake and this effect was blocked by NBI-27914. Neither food intake or feeding behavior changed following 1 wk of food deprivation. Overall, we conclude that activation of tectal CRFR1 inhibits food intake in juvenile X. laevis. Furthermore, tectal CRFR1 receptors appear to be involved in the reduction of food intake that occurs in response to a reactive stressor.
Tinkering with Music: Designing a Maker Curriculum for an After School Youth Club

In recent years, researchers have focused on the design and implementation of maker activities across formal and informal settings. As a result, the research community is gradually articulating the challenges and design considerations relating to these settings. These include: tools, facilitation, and curricular requirements. In this paper we present the design and implementation of Tinkering with Music, a 10-week youth club curriculum around popular music appreciation and instrument building with electronics. Reflecting on our design and implementation, we report on: (1) our curricular activities; (2) design challenges which we had to overcome throughout implementation, and (3) a failure to engender long term engagement with tools and practices from the curriculum.
The Weight of Experience: John Gower and the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381

This chapter revolves around the Visio Anglie found in Book One of John Gower’s Vox Clamantis. Representing Gower’s poetic response to the Peasants’ Revolt, the Visio features a nightmarish dream vision in which throngs of rogue peasants are transformed first into common beasts and then into hybrid monsters. In contrast to scholars who have emphasized the mediated and detached character of the work, I argue that Gower’s dreamer inhabits a hyper-sensual world in which perception is extremely emotional, physical, and visceral. Images, words, and experiences weigh on the dreamer; they are materially and unforgettably imprinted in his mind and body. An opposing model of sensation and cognition governs the behavior of the monstrous peasants, who live in an ahistorical present in which exemplary words and experiences carry no weight. I suggest that even as the poem becomes more fantastic, allegorical, and abstracted, it also evokes a kind of “deep history” of the rebellion. It is an affective exemplum for England’s nobility to ponder, re-experience, and remember.
Smokers' Receipt of Cessation Advice from Healthcare Professionals in National Samples of People Diagnosed with HIV and the General Population

Background: The high prevalence of smoking in persons living with HIV (PLWH) warrants an accurate estimation of smokers’ receipt of advice on smoking cessation. Prior studies on the topic have been...
Prevalence of a Multiple Territory Stroke Pattern After Intravenous Thrombolysis.

Abstract Background: It has been proposed that the presence of a multiple territory stroke pattern (MTSP) on brain imaging may aid identification of patients with covert atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is uncertain whether this association holds true among patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) because clot fragmentation may affect MTSP prevalence. Methods/Design: Retrospective analysis of 149 acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous rtPA who underwent brain MRI. Presence of multiple acute infarctions on brain MRI that involved more than one vascular territory was considered to denote MTSP. Stroke etiology was categorized as nonembolic, cardioembolic (CES), and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Results: In the entire cohort, subjects with CES and ESUS had significantly more often an MTSP than subjects with other determined stroke mechanism (P= .007). Although numerically relatively more patients had an MTSP as compared to a non-MTSP among subjects with CES (52% versus 33.9%) and ESUS (44% versus 34.7%), this difference did not reach significance after Bonferroni-adjustment for multiple comparisons (P> .05, each). There was no difference in the prevalence of an MTSP among subjects with known (n = 11/51; 21.6%) versus subsequently diagnosed (n = 1/3; 33.3%) AF (P= .54). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the known association of multiterritory infarct with AF and ESUS is maintained after thrombolysis. In light of its high specificity, MTSP represents a good marker for AF-related stroke etiology; nevertheless, overall sensitivity for AF was low highlighting that an absent MTSP does not rule out AF.
Quantum well multipliers

A quantum well double barrier diode has been tested as a frequency tripler from 63.7 GHz to 191 GHz in a crossed waveguide mount designed for use with GaAs varactor diodes. Output power of 250 μw has been generated with an efficiency of 0.61 %. This performance is comparable to that obtained from a GaAs varactor diode with the same cutoff frequency.
Prediabetes and working memory in older adults.

Insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, fasting glucose, and 2-h post-load glucose were related to cognition in cognitively healthy nondiabetic older adults. Thirty-five adults (⩾65 years)...
Metabolic Syndrome Alters the Cargo of Mitochondria-Related microRNAs in Swine Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Impairing Their Capacity to Repair the Stenotic Kidney.

Background Coexisting metabolic syndrome (MetS) and renal artery stenosis (RAS) are linked to poor renal outcomes. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell- (MSC-) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from lean animals show superior ability to repair the experimental MetS+RAS kidney compared to EVs from MetS pig MSCs. We hypothesized that MetS leads to selective packaging in porcine EVs of microRNAs capable of targeting mitochondrial genes, interfering with their capacity to repair the MetS+RAS kidney. Methods Five groups of pigs (n = 7 each) were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS and RAS (MetS+RAS) and MetS+RAS 4 weeks after a single intrarenal delivery of EVs harvested from allogeneic adipose tissue-derived MSCs isolated from Lean or MetS pigs, and Lean or MetS sham controls. Single-kidney blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were assessed in vivo with multidetector CT, whereas EV microRNA cargo, renal tubular mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics, and renal injury pathways were assessed ex vivo. Results microRNA sequencing revealed 19 dysregulated microRNAs capable of targeting several mitochondrial genes in MetS-EVs versus Lean-EVs. Lean- and MetS-EVs were detected in the stenotic kidney 4 weeks after administration. However, only MetS-EVs failed to improve renal mitochondrial density, structure, and function or attenuate oxidative stress, tubular injury, and fibrosis. Furthermore, Lean-EVs but not MetS-EVs restored RBF and GFR in MetS+RAS. Conclusion MetS alters the cargo of mitochondria-related microRNAs in swine MSC-derived EVs, which might impair their capacity to repair the poststenotic kidney in MetS+RAS. These observations may contribute to develop approaches to improve the efficacy of MSC-EVs for patients with MetS.
Rapid Estimation of SNP Heritability using Predictive Process approximation in Large scale Cohort Studies

Abstract With the advent of high throughput genetic data, there have been attempts to estimate heritability from genome-wide SNP data on a cohort of distantly related individuals using linear mixed model (LMM). Fitting such an LMM in a large scale cohort study, however, is tremendously challenging due to its high dimensional linear algebraic operations. In this paper, we propose a new method named PredLMM approximating the aforementioned LMM motivated by the concepts of genetic coalescence and gaussian predictive process. PredLMM has substantially better computational complexity than most of the existing LMM based methods and thus, provides a fast alternative for estimating heritability in large scale cohort studies. Theoretically, we show that under a model of genetic coalescence, the limiting form of our approximation is the celebrated predictive process approximation of large gaussian process likelihoods that has well-established accuracy standards. We illustrate our approach with extensive simulation studies and use it to estimate the heritability of multiple quantitative traits from the UK Biobank cohort.
Describing Informal Learning Experiences among College-age Adults

While the autonomous nature of free-choice learning can have numerous positive effects on student learning in science fields, there is a lack of research on how college-age adults learn in informal settings. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively describe college-age adults’ experiences at informal learning settings by administering the Informal Learning Experiences Survey (ILES), which is intended to serve as a tool for practitioners to reflect on undergraduates’ participation in learning experiences at informal settings. We administered the ILES to 441 introductory biology undergraduates in Fall 2018 and found the most commonly visited informal learning setting in the last six months among our participants was city, state, and national parks. Further, participants reported that their main reason for learning about science at informal settings was for fun and enjoyment, and that their primary barrier against engaging in learning at informal settings was limited finances. We hope the ILES will (a) allow instructors of introductory college biology courses to reflect on and describe the prior experiences and interests of their students related to learning in informal settings, and (b) inform program directors at informal learning settings about how to better incorporate experiences designed for college-age adults.
Book Review: A Pragmatic Perspective of Measurement by David Torres Irribarra.

This review situates the book A Pragmatic Perspective of Measurement by David Torres Irribarra within contributions to the theory of practice of measurement in the human sciences over the past 20 years. Under the pragmatic perspective being introduced, measurement is characterized as an activity of classification, ordination, or quantification of a set of elements according to a model of a relevant attribute in service of a larger goal. The rationales provided by Torres Irribarra for this perspective, along with its possible affordances, are given a critical review. The pragmatic perspective depends upon counterfactual reasoning and the ability to establish criteria for the success of a measurement activity that is external from the instrumental procedure in question. A limitation of this approach can come from a lack of contact with substantive theory about the attribute to be measured that is internal to the procedure in question. Torres Irribara’s book presents a possible rapprochement between those who have argued for more restrictive or less restrictive conceptualizations of what it means to measure a psychological attribute.
Big Data Analytic: Cases for Communications Systems Modeling and Renewable Energy Forecast

Data analytic-based approaches are proposed for different cases of communications systems modeling based on qualitative methods and solar energy forecasting based on artificial intelligence in order to represent the spread of areas to which such techniques are applicable.
Aspirin induces morphological transformation to the secretory state in isolated rabbit parietal cells.

The morphological response of rabbit parietal cells to aspirin was evaluated by grading several ultrastructural features including the extent of the tubulovesicular system, intracellular secretory canaliculi, and microvilli. After exposure of isolated parietal cells and gastric glands to aspirin or histamine, there was an approximately twofold increase in the ratio of secretory to nonsecretory parietal cells, and depletion of extracellular Ca2+ abolished the aspirin-induced morphological changes. Morphometry in parietal cells showed that aspirin induced a sixfold increase in secretory canalicular membrane elaboration. Aspirin potentiated histamine-induced parietal cell respiration and aminopyrine uptake ratio but did not increase basal respiration or aminopyrine uptake, suggesting an apparent dissociation from aspirin-induced morphological changes.
A Bayesian approach to the analysis of quantal bioassay studies using nonparametric mixture models

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric mixture modeling framework for quantal bioassay settings. The approach is built upon modeling dose-dependent response distributions. We adopt a structured nonparametric prior mixture model, which induces a monotonicity restriction for the dose-response curve. Particular emphasis is placed on the key risk assessment goal of calibration for the dose level that corresponds to a specified response. The proposed methodology yields flexible inference for the dose-response relationship as well as for other inferential objectives, as illustrated with two data sets from the literature.
Representation of Tolerances in Solid Modeling: Issues and Alternative Approaches

The lack of facilities for representing tolerances and related information is a major deficiency of contemporary solid modelers. This paper discusses the semantics of tolerancing for mechanical parts, with particular emphasis on the problems that arise when the features of physical objects cannot be assumed to have perfect form (e.g., when a machined hole is not perfectly cylindrical). Alternative theoretical approaches are proposed, and the representational implications of each approach are explored.
Reproductive endocrinology of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive-aged women, and it typically presents during adolescence. The objective of this review is to describe the clinical manifestations of PCOS in adolescent girls and the underlying basis for the altered reproductive physiology. Recognising adolescents at risk for PCOS and taking the appropriate steps to reduce circulating androgen levels is critical in reducing the clinical symptomatology of this disorder, and the development of adulthood infertility, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in patients with PCOS.
Abstract P3-06-38: Optical metabolic imaging predicts therapeutic response in breast cancer tumors and organoids

The standard of care for breast cancer patients includes treatment with chemotherapy, antiestrogens, and targeted inhibitors. There are more than 100 drugs approved to treat breast cancers with more in the pipeline of discovery and approval; however, few biomarkers have been identified for individualized, patient-specific treatment planning. Currently, drug regimens are chosen based on the presence or absence of specific receptors, including progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and patient response is assessed by changes in tumor size weeks after treatment. Unfortunately, many patients do not initially respond to therapy or develop a resistance, and face a greater risk of recurrence and death. Herein we present a novel, light-based technology that can accurately predict individual tumor response to anti-cancer drugs based on drug-induced changes in metabolism. Cellular metabolism is a powerful indicator response to treatment, because the oncogenic drivers targeted by therapeutic agents often regulate cellular metabolism. In this study, we demonstrate the sensitivity of optical metabolic imaging to predict therapeutic response in xenografts in vivo, and in primary tumor derived organoids. Optical metabolic imaging utilizes mulitphoton fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime imaging to probe the concentrations and protein-binding dynamics of cellular NADH and FAD, two coenzymes of metabolism. A composite endpoint, the OMI index, provides a robust, dynamic readout of cellular metabolism. First, we probed metabolic changes within ER+/HER2+ tumors treated with trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 antibody. After 48h of a single injection of trastuzumab (HER2 antibody), the OMI index of responsive tumors (ER+/HER2+) decreased (p Citation Format: Alex J Walsh, Rebecca S Cook, Melinda E Sanders, Carlos L Arteaga, Melissa C Skala. Optical metabolic imaging predicts therapeutic response in breast cancer tumors and organoids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-38.
Orality and Literacy in Bilingual-Bicultural Contexts.

Abstract This essay summarizes recent theory and research on the oral-written language relationship with the intent of furthering our understanding of literacy instruction in bilingual-bicultural contexts. First, three models of reading comprehension are reviewed and considered in light of what they have to say about the oral-written relationship and in light of their implications for reading instruction. Secondly, adopting an oral-written difference point of view, discourse topics, structures, and intentions are considered as these might influence the teaching of literacy in bilingual-bicultural contexts. Thirdly, the mingling of oral and literate strategies, in homes and schools, is discussed as this interaction may influence the development of literacy skills in bilingual-bicultural contexts.
STABILITY OF HUMAN RED CELL SUSPENSIONS AT 300,000 × G

ABSTRACT Ultracentrifugation of suspensions of human red cells at 60,000 RPM (≈ 300,000 × G) for 10 minutes does not destabilize the suspension and causes no hemolysis of cells suspended in 50% plasma and only a trace of hemolysis of cells suspended in saline water. By differentiation of the energy balance (DLVO) diagram of human red cells, a force vs. distance diagram is obtained, by means of which it can be demonstrated that whilst the applied gravitational force brings the cells much closer together, it cannot overcome the intercellular electrostatic repulsion. By using anti-Rh (D) bloodgroup antibodies of the IgG-class (which have a maximum “reach” of ≈ 120A) as a yardstick, the force vs. distance diagram can serve to elucidate why red cells can be crosslinked by such blood group antibodies at 15,000 × G, but not at 3,750 × G.
Inverted bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic device using a solution-derived ZnO underlayer

Inverted organic photovoltaic devices based on a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and a fullerene have been developed by inserting a solution-processed ZnO interlayer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and the active layer using Ag as a hole-collecting back contact. Efficient electron extraction through the ZnO and hole extraction through the Ag, with minimal loss in open-circuit potential, is observed with a certified power conversion efficiency of 2.58%. The inverted architecture removes the need for the use of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) as an ITO modifier and for the use of a low-work-function metal as the back contact in the device.
Bioassay directed characterization of the acute aquatic toxicity of a creosote leachate

ABSTRACT A toxicity based approach to chemical characterization has been used to identify select toxicants in an aqueous leachate of creosote. Gas Chromatographic-mass spectral analysis of toxic fractions of the leachate identified pentachlorophenol and a mixture of low molecular weight heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as suspect toxicants from among the hundreds of chemicals found in the leachate.
Development of visual perceptual tests for normal and neurologically handicapped children.

An experimental test battery was developed to measure the visual-perceptual development of normal and neurologically impaired children of elementary school age. The test battery was administered to 4 groups of 12 Ss, ranging from normal to impaired. The battery was sensitive and information processing ability, in terms of channel capacity, decreased as a function of impairment and early age.
Complement in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are the likely cause for necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Unlike other forms of crescentic glomerulonephritis induced by immune complexes or anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies that have conspicuous vessel wall immunoglobulin and complement, there is a paucity, although usually not an absence, of vessel wall immunoglobulin and complement in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Despite this comparatively lower level and more localized distribution of vessel wall complement, experimental and clinical observations strongly incriminate alternative complement pathway activation as critically important in the pathogenesis of ANCA disease. Experimental data in animal models and in vitro experiments has shown that primed neutrophils are activated by ANCA, which generates C5a, which engages C5a receptors on neutrophils. This attracts and in turn primes more neutrophils for activation by ANCA. In patients with ANCA disease, plasma levels of C3a, C5a, soluble C5b-9, and Bb have been reported to be higher in active disease than in remission, whereas no difference was reported in plasma C4d in active versus ANCA disease remission. Thus, experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that ANCA-induced neutrophil activation activates the alternative complement pathway and generates C5a. C5a not only recruits additional neutrophils through chemotaxis but also primes neutrophils for activation by ANCA. This creates a self-fueling inflammatory amplification loop that results in the extremely destructive necrotizing vascular injury.
Computed tomography of the head as a screening examination for facial fractures.

Abstract We hypothesized that head computed tomography (CT) is an accurate screening tool for detecting nonnasal midfacial fractures in trauma patients. We retrospectively reviewed charts and official readings for all patients who underwent both head and facial CT scans for trauma at our trauma center between August 2002 and April 2003. The ability of head CT to diagnose nonnasal bone midfacial fractures was compared with that of facial CT using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, as well as positive and negative predictive values. Agreement was measured with κ statistics. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess precision. Ninety-one patient records with head and facial CT scan reports were reviewed. Of the patients, 50 (55%) had nonnasal bone midfacial fractures. The sensitivity and specificity of head CT were 90% (95% CI = 79%-96%) and 95% (95% CI = 84%-99%), respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 96% (95% CI = 86%-99%) and 89% (95% CI = 76%-95%), respectively. The rate of accuracy was 92%. The agreement was excellent (κ = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74-0.96). Head CT was sensitive and specific for identifying nonnasal bone midfacial fractures. An initial head CT alone may limit the need for a Waters view radiography or screening facial CT in detecting injuries.
42-Year-Old Man With Hemoptysis, Dyspnea, and Orthopnea

R ( v M M C s a cular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.S.A.). A 42-year-old man was transferred to St. Mary’s Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota, for evaluation of hemoptysis. He was born in Laos and immigrated to the United States at age 6 years. He had a history of mitral valve commissurotomy 25 years previously in the setting of rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). He also had known esophageal varices from cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis B. He had been in a normal state of healthuntil6monthsbeforepresentation,whenhebegan experiencing increasing dyspnea on exertion. He also complained of progressively worsening nocturnal cough exacerbated by lying supine, forcing him to sleep in a recliner. The cough progressed to become productive of blood-tingedsputum.Hedeniedhavinganysyncopalepisodes, fevers, chills, or night sweats. He was a lifelong nonsmoker and denied any intravenous drug use, recent travel, or history of incarceration.
Compensating Effects of Opposing Changes in Putrescine (2+) and K+Concentrations onlacRepressor-lacOperator Binding:in VitroThermodynamic Analysis andin VivoRelevance

Abstract Ion concentrations (K + , Glu − ) in the cytoplasm of growing Escherichia coli cells increase strongly with increases in the osmolarity of a defined growth medium. While in vitro experiments demonstrate that the extent of protein-nucleic acid interactions (PNAI) depends critically on salt concentration, in vivo measurements indicate that cells maintain a relatively constant extent of PNAI independent of the osmolarity of growth. How do cells buffer PNAI against changes in the cytoplasmic environment? At high osmolarity, the increase in macromolecular crowding which accompanies the reduction in amount of cytoplasmic water in growing cells appears quantitatively sufficient to compensate for the increase in [K + ]. At low osmolarity, however, changes in crowding appear to be insufficient to compensate for changes in [K + ], and additional mechanisms must be involved. Here we report quantitative determinations of in vivo total concentrations of polyamines (putrescine(2+), spermidine(3+)) as a function of osmolarity (OsM) of growth, and in vitro binding data on the effects of putrescine concentration on a specific PNAI ( lac repressor- lac operator) as a function of [K + ]. The total concentration of putrescine in cytoplasmic water decreases at least eightfold from low osmolarity (∼64 mmol (l H 2 O) −1 at 0.03 OsM) to high osmolarity (∼8 mmol (l H 2 O) −1 at 1.02 OsM). Over this osmotic range the total [K + ] increases from ∼0.2 mol (l H 2 O) −1 to ∼0.8 mol (l H 2 O) −1 . We find that the effect of putrescine concentration on the repressor-operator interaction in vitro is purely competitive and is quantitatively described by a simple competition formalism in which lac repressor behaves as a specific-binding oligocation ( Z R =8±3). We demonstrate that this thermodynamic result is consistent with a structural analysis of the number of positively charged side-chains on two DNA binding domains of repressor which interact with the phosphodiester backbone of the operator site. Since this oligocation character of the binding surface of DNA-binding proteins appears to be general, we propose the competitive effects of putrescine and K + concentrations on the strength of specific binding are general. At low osmolarity, compensating changes in putrescine and K + concentration in response to changes in external osmolarity provide a general mechanism for E. coli to vary cytoplasmic osmolarity while maintaining a constant extent of PNAI.
An assessment of the high frequency boundary element and Rayleigh integral approximations

This paper revisits the popular Rayleigh integral approximation and also considers a second approximation, the high frequency boundary element method, which is similar to the Rayleigh integral. The Rayleigh integral approximation under consideration is enhanced so that only the elements visible to a particular point in the field are used to calculate the sound pressure at that point. It is demonstrated how both the Rayleigh integral and high frequency boundary element method are approximations to the boundary integral equation so that similarities between the two methods are recognized. Several test cases were conducted in order to assess and compare both methods. The first set of test cases was the pulsating and oscillating sphere. Both methods were then compared on more applied examples including a running engine, construction cab, and transmission housing. It was concluded that though both methods can reliably predict the sound power for some problems, the high frequency boundary element method is the more robust.
Intergroup Forgiveness in Settings of Political Violence: Complexities, Ambiguities, and Potentialities

The leftover debris of national pasts … will never get cleaned up and animosity will never drain away until forgiveness enters these relationships in some political form. To dismiss this concern as a preoccupation with ancient history is to miss all the evidence for the truth that William Faulkner put on the lips of one of his characters: “The past is not dead and gone; it isn't even past.” (Shriver, 1995, p. 4)