cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Species Communities of Phytophthora, Pythium and Phytopythium Associated with Soybean Genotypes in High Disease Environments in Ohio

The roles that specific cultivars with different levels and types of resistance may play on the diversity and abundance of Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium spp. communities were compared. Th...
Fulton and the Future of Free Exercise

In October Term 2020, the Supreme Court will decide Fulton v. City of Philadelphia. Among other things, that case asks the Court to consider the question of whether to overrule Employment Division v. Smith and reconsider the meaning of the Free Exercise Clause. Smith’s interpretation of the Free Exercise Clause rested primarily on normative, rather than textual or historical, grounds: The Court thought it would be better to leave religious accommodation to the political process rather than require judges to weigh state interests against burdens on religious practices. But was that true? Thirty years of experience suggests not. Much has changed in the thirty years since Smith. American culture and politics have changed. Attitudes about religion have changed. Understandings about the individual rights secured by the Constitution have changed. The legal and political disputes over religious liberty have changed. And while there is now more agreement on the civic value of diversity and pluralism, there is less agreement on the civic value of religious liberty. This article begins with a primer on Fulton, the Supreme Court’s Free Exercise Clause jurisprudence leading to Smith, Smith itself, and the legislative responses to it—all with an eye toward what has been learned since Smith and how that informs the question of whether Smith should be overruled. It next examines and responds to the arguments in favor of Smith and its legislative-accommodation approach. Then, it considers the historical justifications for the Free Exercise Clause and the religion clauses more broadly, again with an eye toward the contemporary debate over the Free Exercise Clause. The article concludes by discussing what all of that might mean for Fulton, the polarized context in which current free-exercise cases occur, and the protection of liberty in a pluralistic society.
New-Onset Neurologic Symptoms and Related Neuro-Oncologic Lesions Discovered After COVID-19 Vaccination: Two Neurosurgical Cases and Review of Post-Vaccine Inflammatory Responses

A global effort is underway to distribute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines to limit the crisis. Although adverse events related to vaccination are rare, there have been cases of new-onset neurologic symptoms following vaccination. We present two cases of new-onset neurologic symptoms post-vaccination that, upon further workup, revealed two different neuro-oncologic processes requiring neurosurgical intervention and further treatment. We hypothesize that despite these processes being unrelated to vaccination, the COVID-19 vaccines may induce an inflammatory cascade with the ability to uncover underlying sinister pathology. Our report therefore emphasizes the need for careful evaluation in the setting of new-onset neurologic symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination.
Wavelet-based neurovascular coupling can predict brain abnormalities in neonatal encephalopathy.

Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, but quantitative methods to predict outcomes early in their course of illness remain elusive. Real-time physiologic biomarkers of neurologic injury are needed in order to predict which neonates will benefit from therapies. Neurovascular coupling (NVC) describes the correlation of neural activity with cerebral blood flow, and the degree of impairment could predict those at risk for poor outcomes. Objective To determine if neurovascular coupling (NVC) calculated in the first 24-hours of life based on wavelet transform coherence analysis (WTC) of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) can predict abnormal brain MRI in neonatal HIE. Methods WTC analysis was performed between dynamic oscillations of simultaneously recorded aEEG and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) signals for the first 24 h after birth. The squared cross-wavelet coherence, R2, of the time-frequency domain described by the WTC, is a localized correlation coefficient (ranging between 0 and 1) between these two signals in the time-frequency domain. Statistical analysis was based on Monte Carlo simulation with a 95% confidence interval to identify the time-frequency areas from the WTC scalograms. Brain MRI was performed on all neonates and classified as normal or abnormal based on an accepted classification system for HIE. Wavelet metrics of % significant SctO2-aEEG coherence was compared between the normal and abnormal MRI groups. Result This prospective study recruited a total of 36 neonates with HIE. A total of 10 had an abnormal brain MRI while 26 had normal MRI. The analysis showed that the SctO2-aEEG coherence between the group with normal and abnormal MRI were significantly different (p = 0.0007) in a very low-frequency (VLF) range of 0.06-0.2 mHz. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the use of WTC-analysis of NVC had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.808, and with a cutoff of 10% NVC. Sensitivity was 69%, specificity was 90%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 94%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 52% for predicting brain injury on MRI. This was superior to the clinical Total Sarnat score (TSS) where AUC was 0.442 with sensitivity 61.5%, specificity 30%, PPV 75%, and NPV 31%. Conclusion NVC is a promising neurophysiological biomarker in neonates with HIE, and in our prospective cohort was superior to the clinical Total Sarnat score for prediction of abnormal brain MRI.
Mortality Differentials: Selection and Causation

Differentials in mortality by socioeconomic status and the nature of social relationships have been well established in a broad range of settings and time periods. A myriad of studies has investigated the many potential causal pathways linking these aspects of the social environment to health and mortality, with a current emphasis on psychosocial factors, neighborhood contexts, and biological linkages. Recent efforts have exploited longitudinal surveys, some beginning at birth, to strengthen causal inferences. Fewer researchers have focused on identifying selection mechanisms or reverse causal pathways through which, for example, poor health may lead to reduced income or exclusion from marriage.
Does Race Matter in Educational Diversity? A Legal and Empirical Analysis

This article reports The Educational Diversity Project’s findings on two empirical questions: (1) Do students differ by race upon entering law school? (2) Do any differences contribute educational benefits to students, institutions, or society? Extensive quantitative and qualitative empirical data support the finding that a racially diverse law student body provides educational benefits. Many differences students present are associated with diversities of backgrounds, experiences, perspectives, expectations, and outlooks that are related to their race. Diversity fosters richer interactions and positive educational outcomes. Race contributes to the achievement of educational diversity that benefits students, their institution, and society.
Holton receives 2000 Roger Revelle Medal

James R. Holton was awarded the Roger Revelle Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on December 17, 2000, in San Francisco, California. The medal recognizes outstanding contributions toward an understanding of the Earth's atmospheric processes, including its dynamics, chemistry, and radiationsemi; the roles of atmosphere, atmosphere-ocean coupling or atmosphere-land coupling in determining the climate, biogeochemical cycles, or other key elements of the integrated climate system.
Modeling Reputational and Informational Influences in Threshold Models of Bandwagon Innovation Diffusion

Bandwagon innovation diffusion is characterized by a positive feedback loop where adoptions by some actors increase the pressure to adopt for other actors. In particular, when gains from an innovation are difficult to quantify, such as implementing quality circles or downsizing practices, diffusion is likely to occur through a bandwagon process. In this paper we extend Abrahamson and Rosenkopf‘s (1993) model of bandwagon diffusion to examine both reputational and informational influences on this process. We find that the distribution of reputations among the set of potential adopters affects the extent of bandwagon diffusion under conditions of moderate ambiguity, and we find that bandwagons occur even when potential adopters receive information about others‘ unprofitable experiences with the innovation.
Complex Systems Research: Interfacing Supercomputers with Experiments

Some new paradigms in complex systems research indicate a basic need for a direct interface between supercomputers and real experiments. We present some of those those paradigms, in particular the paradigms on the dynamical key and on dynamical reconstruction and discuss their impact on future experiments.
Crystal structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Escherichia coli complexed with GDP, IMP hadacidin, NO3-, and Mg2+.

Abstract Crystal structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Esherichia coli complexed with Mg 2 + , IMP, GDP, NO 3 – and hadacidin at 298 and 100 K have been refined to R -factors of 0·188 and 0·206 against data to 2·8 A and 2·5 A resolution, respectively. Conformational changes of up to 9 A relative to the unligated enzyme occur in loops that bind to Mg 2 + , GDP, IMP and hadacidin. Mg 2 + binds directly to GDP, NO 3 – , hadacidin and the protein, but is only five-coordinated. Asp13, which approaches, but does not occupy the sixth coordination site of Mg 2 + , hydrogen bonds to N1 of IMP. The nitrogen atom of NO 3 – is approximately 2·7 A from O6 of IMP, reflecting a strong electrostatic interaction between the electron-deficient nitrogen atom and the electron-rich O6. The spatial relationships between GDP, NO 3 – and Mg 2 + suggest an interaction between the β, γ -bridging oxygen atom of GTP and Mg 2 + in the enzyme-substrate complex. His41 hydrogen bonds to the β -phosphate group of GDP and approaches bound NO 3 – . The aldehyde group of hadacidin coordinates to the Mg 2 + , while its carboxyl group interacts with backbone amide groups 299 to 303 and the side-chain of Arg303. The 5′-phosphate group of IMP interacts with Asn38, Thr129, Thr239 and Arg143 (from a monomer related by 2-fold symmetry). A mechanism is proposed for the two-step reaction governed by the synthetase, in which His41 and Asp13 are essential catalytic side-chains.
The elicited observing rate and decision processes in vigilance

Observers detected many more of a fixed number of signals when these were among stimuli presented at 5 per minute than when these were among stimuli presented at 30 or 60 per minute. The effect, which is associated with either the signal probability or the nonsignal stimulus density, is analyzed with conventional measures and with measures from the theory of signal detectability (TSD). The TSD measures were used to define several possible modes of observing, and the model of vigilance based on decisions about observing could then be related to decision processes in detection performance as considered by TSD. If a single measure of the probability of alert observing is required, the best one is the percentage of detections of the readily detectable signal of the vigilance task. However, the TSD analysis suggested various different “mixes” of modes of observing for the subgroups in this experiment, and these mixes could be specified with the the help of heuristic models relating performance measures to the ...
The group-specific antigen and other structural proteins of hamster and mouse C-type viruses.

Abstract The major group-specific antigen of hamster C-type viruses was purified by isoelectric focusing and used to prepare specific antibody in guinea pigs. The isoelectric point of this antigen was 6.9. The patterns of hamster and mouse virus polypeptides in SDS-polyacrylamide gels were similar and showed three major components ranging from 13,000 to 35,000 in molecular weight. The group-specific protein was eluted from SDS-polyacrylamide gels in antigenically active form and was found to correspond to the third fastest migrating component for each virus; molecular weight calculations relative to standards gave average values of 31,000 for the mouse protein and 35,000 for the hamster protein. These slight differences were maintained in coelectrophoresis experiments as were the differences for the second fastest migrating component, 17,500 for the mouse virus, 23,000 for the hamster virus. The fastest migrating polypeptides had molecular weights of 13,500–14,000 for each virus. The major gs antigens of hamster and mouse viruses did not cross-react in complement-fixation and gel diffusion tests when tested with their respective monospecific guinea pig antisera.
The manual lifting problem: The illusive solution

Abstract Ayoub, M.A., 1982. The manual lifting problem: the illusive solution. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 4: 1–23. Much has been written and discussed concerning the hazards of manual lifting tasks. The literature, the industrial experience and the injury statistics all support the inevitable conclusion that the problem is real and that its far-reaching roots in the workplace are unparalleled in industry. Yet we still have to find a remedy which can either be implemented in industry or which can at least be effective under all task and workplace conditions. In the interim, however, the literature offers three solution approaches that can be used separately or collectively for controlling lifting hazards: (a) hazard control through training in safe lifting, (b) control of employee exposure through pre-employment strength testing, and (c) control of job demands through the adoption of workloads acceptable for the industrial population. The principles and philosophies of each of the three approaches are detailed and discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are also summarized and assessed.
Process design using two-dimensional process and device simulators

A novel two-dimensional (2D) process simulator has been developed which can handle local oxidation, implantation through arbitrary mask edges, nonplanar surfaces, and high concentration diffusion. Through coupling of 2D process and device simulators, the sensitivity of perimeter junction capacitance and breakdown voltage to variations in boron channel-stop implantation dose and local oxidation time has been simulated for a standard NMOS technology. Experimental results using test structures have confirmed the simulations. It is shown that simple power-law dependencies as a function of the process variables give good agreement with the data.
Experimental Study of Real-Time Bus Arrival Time Prediction with GPS Data:

Bus headway in a rural area usually is much larger than that in an urban area. Providing real-time bus arrival information could make the public transit system more user-friendly and thus enhance its competitiveness among various transportation modes. As part of an operational test for rural traveler information systems currently ongoing in Blacksburg, Virginia, an experimental study has been conducted on forecasting the arrival time of the next bus with automatic vehicle location techniques. The process of developing arrival time estimation algorithms is discussed, including route representation, global positioning system (GPS) data screening for identifying data quality and delay patterns, algorithm formulation, and development of measures of performance. Whereas GPS-based bus location data are adopted in all four algorithms presented, the extent to which other information is used in these algorithms varies. In addition to bus location data, information relevant to the performance of an algorithm includes scheduled arrival time, delay correlation, and waiting time at time-check stops. The performance of an algorithm using different levels of information is compared against three criteria: overall precision, robustness, and stability. Results show that at the site where the study is being conducted, the dwell time at time-check stops is most relevant to the performance of an algorithm.
Creating a Positive Climate for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youths

(2007). Creating a Positive Climate for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youths. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 6-52.
Classroom Dimensions Predict Early Peer Interaction when Children Are Diverse in Ethnicity, Race, and Home Language.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test a model for predicting preschool-age children's behaviors with peers from dimensions of the classroom and teacher–child relationship quality when the children were from diverse race, ethnic, and home language backgrounds. Eight hundred children, (M = age 63 months, SD = 8.1 months), part of the National Evaluation of Early Head Start, participated in this study just prior to entering kindergarten. We observed children with peers in their classrooms and rated classroom peer group size, affective climate for peer interaction, teacher management of the classroom, and materials for dramatic play. Teachers reported on teacher–child relationship quality. Children from Spanish-speaking homes played similarly in classrooms where Spanish was and was not spoken. After control variables and receptive vocabulary scores were entered into the model, classroom dimensions and teacher–child relationship quality significantly predicted pretend play, anxious-withdrawn, aggressive, and victim of peer aggression behaviors with peers. Children engaged in more pretend play and received lower ratings of being the victim of peer aggression when classroom groups were smaller. When teachers perceived teacher–child relationships as lower in conflict and higher in closeness, children's anxious-withdrawn, aggressive, and victim of aggression ratings were lower. Children's ratings of being the victim of peer aggression were higher when ratings of classroom positive peer climate were lower. Child–teacher ethnic or racial match did not moderate these predictions.
Unexpected syn hydride migration in the non-aldol aldol reaction.

Non-aldol aldol rearrangement of the epoxy silyl ether 13b afforded the expected anti methyl ketone 14, while the diastereomeric epoxy silyl ether 13a afforded the syn methyl ketone 8b via an unprecedented syn hydride migration. Calculations suggest that this unusual reaction proceeds via the carbocation, which cannot easily rotate due to steric hindrance.
Interferometric fiber optic gyro (IFOG) technology achievements at Draper Laboratory

Draper Laboratory's experience with Interferometer Fiber Optic Gyro (IFOG) technology started via an Internal Research and Development effort in 1978. This work led to developing fiber optic gyros in which significant advances in IFOG component technologies, assembly, integration, and test were achieved. In excess of 30 patents have been issued to Draper as a result of this pioneering effort. More recently, Draper collaborated with JPL to transition their fiber optic breadboard gyro to a space qualifiable instrument for interplanetary long duration missions. During the initial phase, brassboard gyros were designed and fabricated that demonstrated performance that bettered NASA's CRAF-Cassini spacecraft objectives. In the second phase, the Engineering Model gyro was developed to meet mission qualification tests. Concurrent with this later phase, analysis, tests and qualification activities were performed to validate that gyro components would realize the required 16 year life. Two major inventions (patent pending) were conceived; one provides for continuous adaptive scale factor stability and the other integrates the optical source and photodetector into a single component [Source Integrated Detector (SID)], thereby eliminating a coupler and several splices thus reducing loss by 6 db. Using the above technologies and the implementation of common mode rejection of laser noise, Draper has defined a low noise high performance gyro in which rate power spectral density (PSD) is projected to be < 7 X 10-7 (deg/hr)2/Hz. In those applications, where the PSD < 4 X 10-5 (deg/hr)2/Hz is sought, a small size three component (SID, integrated optics circuit and fiber coil) gyro is easily implemented.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
What defines success in pancreas and islet transplantation-insulin independence or prevention of hypoglycemia? A review.

Pancreas transplantation is considered to be the treatment of choice for selected uremic and diabetic patients, and insurance coverage is widely provided. In the USA, islet transplantation is considered to be an experimental procedure that awaits formal results of ongoing phase III trials to justify biologic licensure and transition to standard of care. Pancreas and islet registry analyses focus on different functional endpoints: insulin independence (pancreas transplants) versus avoidance of hypoglycemia (islet transplants). Although the results of islet transplants have significantly improved, the frequent use of multiple donor organs, suboptimal islet yields, and difficulties in monitoring successful engraftment or in diagnosing rejection remain major barriers that need to be overcome. Although pancreas and islet transplantations are frequently considered to be competing procedures, they are actually complementary treatment options for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Because the results of pancreas transplants are superior to those for islet transplants, diabetic patients with a low surgical risk should undergo a pancreas transplantation. Type 1 diabetics with a high surgical risk (eg, serious comorbidities) should undergo an islet transplantation. Only an integrated approach to pancreas and islet transplantation, tailored to the need of the individual patient, will maximize the benefit of a scarce resource. Both procedures, if successful, have in common that they represent the only biologic treatment option to date for type 1 diabetic patients that prevents hypoglycemia long term.
Identity expansion in hybrid identity organizations

Through a longitudinal study of professionals in a hybrid identity organization, where norma-tive and utilitarian values clash, I explore how members respond to and manage the conflicts linked to t...
Respiratory responses to CO2 rebreathing in lung transplant recipients

Abstract To evaluate the respiratory responses after lung transplantation, we studied the hypercarbic ventilatory response in 20 patients with severe obstructive pulmonary disease and compared it with that of 10 normal subjects. Eleven patients underwent bilateral lung transplantation and 9 patients had single-lung transplantation. All patients had preoperative hypercapnia (51.3 ± 9.7 mm Hg) and blunted slopes of CO 2 rebreathing curves for minute ventilation (0.39 ± 0.20 L · min −1 · mm Hg −1 ) and inspiratory occlusion pressure (0.35 ± 0.30 s −1 ). The hypercapnia and blunted ventilatory responses persisted at the initial postoperative test (5.8 ± 2.0 days) despite unproved pulmonary function (preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV 1 L 0.57 ± 0.16 L; initial postoperative FEV 1 , 1.83 ± 0.65 L; p 2 had normalized (40.6 ± 6.9 versus 51.3 ± 9.7 and 49.6 ± 10.3 mm Hg; p −1 · mm Hg −1 ; p −1 p 1 , 1.83 ± 0.65 L versus last postoperative FEV 1 , 1.96 ± 0.66 L; p = not significant ). The last postoperative values also were equivalent to tested normals for end-tidal CO 2 (40.6 ± 6.9 versus 39.9 ± 43 mm Hg), for the minute ventilation curve (1.26 ± 0.7 versus 1.59 ± 0.48 L · min −1 · mm Hg −1 ), and for the inspiratory occlusion pressure curve (0.98 ± 0.74 versus 0.86 ± 0.4 s −1 ). We conclude that after lung transplantation, patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease display a restoration of ventilatory responsiveness that likely is caused by a readjustment of the CO 2 threshold at the central chemoreceptor regulatory center.
Information models for queueing system simulation

When planning simulations of large-scale systems, it is important to anticipate what information is required to model the system and obtain desired output. This can be done without tying the study to a specific simulation package or language. It is valuable to do so to avoid unnecessarily long development and execution times. In this article, we offer a simulation information model (SIM) designed to help organize system information in the early stages of a project. (It can also be used to analyze existing models.) The SIM allows complexity analysis of the system to be performed, and may lead to a better selection of simulation language. The SIM is illustrated using two examples, and its relationship to current formalisms is discussed.
Effort thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter syndrome) in active young adults: Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment

Effort thrombosis or Paget-Schroetter syndrome most often affects young, active adults who are engaged in sports activities or whose professions require repetitive arm movements causing trauma to the axillary-subclavian vein and precipitating deep vein thrombosis. The presence of unilateral edema in the upper extremity is often thought to be attributable to trauma from an exercise regimen rather than acute deep vein thrombosis or compression of the subclavian vein by extrinsic anatomic structures. Because this syndrome occurs in young, active adults it has the potential for considerable long-term morbidity if it remains undetected or inadequately treated. Inadequate or inappropriate treatment may cause a loss of productivity over a lifetime and significantly affect the quality of life. Although more prevalent in male athletes, it is now increasingly affecting young women as they become more seriously involved in athletic endeavors. The purpose of this article is to increase the awareness of the prevalence, clinical significance, and importance of early detection of effort thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein, also known as Paget Schroetter syndrome, to educate health care providers regarding the limitations of some diagnostic tools, and to introduce new methods of treatment that offer better long-term results. The prevalence, differential diagnosis, diagnostic modalities, and medical and surgical interventions that have been successfully used to treat Paget-Schroetter syndrome are discussed, and evidence is provided to support the selections. The results of patients who were identified and treated within the last 2 years at the University of Southern California Center for Vascular Care are reviewed.
The temporary nature of the inhibitory action of excess iodine on organic iodine synthesis in the normal thyroid.

In 1944, Morton et al. observed that when 300 mg. of sheep thyroid slices were incubated in 3 cc. of a bicarbonate-Ringer medium to which various amounts of I127 as inorganic iodide had been added, inhibition of thyroxine and diiodotryosine formation occurred when the added I127 exceeded 20 gamma. The resemblance of this in vitro effect to the action of excess iodide in Graves’ disease in man led us to investigate this phenomenon in the normal intact thyroid (Wolff and Chaikoff, 1948a). In addition to confirming the inhibitory action of excess iodide upon thyroxine synthesis in intact thyroids, the investigation showed that such inhibition by a single injection of iodide was related to the level of plasma iodine (Wolff and Chaikoff, 1948b). So long as the concentration of plasma iodine exceeded 20–35 gamma per cent, organic binding of iodine failed to occur in the gland,
Stored-grain insect population commingling densities in wheat and corn from pilot-scale bucket elevator boots.

Abstract Grain elevator boot and pit areas facilitate the commingling of insects with the grain moving through the elevator leg. A removable boot was developed to facilitate residual grain removal and preservation in the boot and to quantify the commingling magnitude as a function of stored-product insect density. This study included two species that develop inside kernels, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae, and three species that develop outside kernels, Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus. The removable boots were loaded with infested residual grain and remained undisturbed for 0, 8, 16, or 24 weeks (wk). After each time point, uninfested grain was transferred through the infested boot. The adult beetles that commingled with the clean grain were sifted and counted. Further, the commingled lots were examined after 8 wk for adult progeny. The insect densities in the infested bucket elevator leg boots affected the insect densities transferred through the elevator leg to other locations. The insect density in clean wheat or corn transferred over infested boots was 1 insect/kg immediately after transfer, but this density doubled in 8 wk. More internally developing insects were collected by the elevator buckets when the clean grain flowed over the infested grain compared with the externally developing insects. β-Cyfluthrin application as a residual insecticide reduced the insect densities in the elevator boot, which consequently reduced the insect transfer to clean grain. Cleaning the bucket elevator boot area and applying residual insecticide monthly should minimize clean grain contamination.
Self-consistent anisotropic oscillator with cranked angular and vortex velocities

Rotating deformed nuclei are neither rigid rotors nor irrotational droplets. The Kelvin circulation vector is the kinematical observable that measures the true character of nuclear rotation. For the anisotropic oscillator potential, mean field solutions with fixed angular momentum {bold L} and Kelvin circulation {bold C} are derived in analytic form. The cranking Lagrange multipliers corresponding to the {ital L} and {ital C} constraints are the angular {omega} and vortex {lambda} velocities. Self-consistent solutions are reported with a constraint to constant volume.
The Ethics of Human Genetic Intervention: A Postmodern Perspective

Abstract Gene therapy for a particular disease like Parkinson's involves ethical principles worked out for other diseases. The major ethical issues for gene therapy (and the corresponding ethical principles) are safety (nonmalfeasance), efficacy (beneficence), informed consent (autonomy), and allocation of resources (justice). Yet genetic engineering (germ-line interventions or interventions to enhance human potentialities) raises emotions and fears that might cause resistance to gene therapies. Looking at these technologies in a postmodern perspective helps one to appreciate the issues at stake in social and cultural change with a new technology such as gene therapy. While “modern” technology and ethics have focused on the autonomy of the individual, we are beginning to see a lessening of such emphasis on individualism and autonomy and more emphasis on the health of the population. Such a social change could cause technologies about which society may currently be cautious (such as human genetic interventions) to become more acceptable or even expected.
Utilization of a Productivity Enhancement Program (PEP) to Maximize Efficiency in the Provision of Quality Nutrition Care

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To develop a system to assess resource requirements and productivity for a clinical nutrition staff. The clinical nutrition management team, in conjunction with a hospital wide initiative, implemented a system to assess resource requirements and productivity while ensuring the provision of quality patient care. Initially all functions performed by the clinical staff were identified. Data was collected and averaged to determine time requirements for each clinical intervention and supporting functions. All activities were examined to ensure tasks were supportive of a patient care focus reviewing time spent at meetings, rounds, teaching, administrative activities, hospital initiatives, and patient care functions. Clinical documentation was streamlined as this function was identified as a major time consumer. Utilizing the information gathered, a tracking tool was developed to document daily activities and quantify patients not seen and rounds not attended. Three months of historical data was evaluated to calculate staffing need versus current staffing. Through this process, management was able to decrease staffing by one full time equivalent (FTE) and utilize the daily activity sheets to track trends in patient census shifting clinical support to areas of greater need while evaluating individual productivity. In addition, this information has provided an objective tool to reallocate our resources to better meet the changing needs of patient care areas.
Using technology to assess and promote adherence to medical regimens in pediatric chronic illness.

Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (T32HD068223 [to Y.W.], R01 N onadherence to prescribed medical regimens among youth and their families is common, occurring in approximately 50% of children with a chronic illness, and leads to adverse health outcomes and increased costs to families and the health care system. Although no studies have been conducted in pediatrics, among adults, low levels of medication adherence are associated with higher health care costs, totaling an increase in $2000-$8000 spent per patient. Interventions to improve adherence therefore are critical for promoting health outcomes and reducing health care expenses in pediatric chronic illness. Thus far, behavioral interventions have demonstrated some efficacy at increasing adherence; however, interventions demonstrating clinically significant changes in health outcomes and costsavings are still needed. To meet this need, an increasing number of interventions for youth and their families use technology to deliver adherence promotion programs. For example, interventions can be delivered through mobile phone text messages and adherence to oral medications can be monitored via electronic pill bottles that record bottle openings. These technologies, sometimes referred to as eHealth and mHealth (mHealth denoting the use of mobile technologies such as cell phones), have the potential to improve medical regimen adherence in several ways. Technology can increase patient and family engagement in adherence promotion interventions by capitalizing on a medium that youths already frequently use, and with which they are familiar (eg, text messaging, social media). Technology also can be tailored to meet the needs of individual children and families, based on certain data (eg, adherence level, barriers to adherence) and on families’ preferences (eg, parent preference for what time of day a text message is delivered, using “teen-friendly” language in text messages sent to adolescents). For example, patients and families with poor adherence may benefit from technology-delivered prompts (eg, text messages) for selfmanagement that occur more frequently, or a teenager may be more responsive to text messages that “use their language” to convey a self-management prompt. Several prior reviews provide additional examples of how tailoring has been used in eHealth interventions. Also, technology can provide novel methods of monitoring adherence when children are away from the clinic (ie, home, school, work), providing critical information for tailoring interventions to a child’s unique adherence patterns and to enable more accurate assessment of intervention outcomes. Finally, technology
Semantics for a domain-specific language for the digital forensics domain

This paper reviews details around the motivation for creating a domain-specific language that allows the easy design of software tools that support digital investigation. These tools will enable the specification of security requirements, support the activities of various investigations, certify security properties, and formulate security claims. Additionally, the main purpose of this paper is to introduce a proposed syntax for a language that is appropriate to the specific needs of the digital investigation domain.
Effect of cleft palate prostheses on respiratory effort.

Abstract The effect of prosthetic speech restorations on respiratory effort was studied in 17 subjects with palatal clefts. The results indicate that speech effort is reduced only when palatopharyngeal closure is achieved. Competency of closure is defined as an opening of less than 20 sq. mm. during production of plosive consonant sounds. Subjects who could not achieve adequate palatopharyngeal closure with their prostheses demonstrated little or no change in the amount of air utilized during the production of speech.
Effect of Phagocytosis on the Lysis of Staphylococcus aureus (Type 81) by Bacteriophage

CERTAIN investigations on animals have suggested the efficacy of treatment of bacterial infections with specific bacteriophage. Dubos et al.1 demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Shigella dysenteriae phage in experimental infections in mice. Morton and Engley2 showed a prophylactic, as well as therapeutic, effect in mice infected with Shigella dysenteriae. Recently, Muir and Blakemore3 protected 70 per cent of mice lethally infected with Staphylococcus aureus type 80/81 with high-titred specific phage given simultaneously with the bacteria.
New bimetallic [(Cl)3Pt(dpop′)M(dpop′)](PF6) (M = Ru(II) and Os(II); dpop′ = dipyrido (2,3-a:3′,2′-j)phenazine) complexes using dpop′ as a novel mixed denticity bridging ligand

Abstract The dpop′ (dipyrido (2,3- a :3′,2′- j )phenazine) ligand structurally displays the possibility of a mixed denticity bridging ligand (BL) with low lying π ∗ orbitals. Previously prepared complexes with Fe(II); Ru(II); Os(II) and Re(I) have only demonstrated tridentate coordination to dpop′ and it’s use as a terminal ligand (TL). In this study two new bimetallic complexes [(Cl) 3 Pt(dpop′)M(dpop′)](PF 6 ) (M = Ru(II) and Os(II)) were synthesized and are the first to use dpop′ as a bridging ligand (BL), with monodentate coordination to Pt(II) and tridentate coordination to Ru(II) and Os(II). The electronic absorption spectra display Ru(II) and Os(II) (dπ) → dpop′ (π ∗ ) (BL) MLCT transitions shifted to lower energy due to stabilization of the bridging dpop′ (π ∗ ) acceptor orbitals. Cyclic voltammetry shows the reversible Ru +2/+3 and Os +2/+3 redox couples are at the same potentials as the respective [M(dpop′) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 complexes while the bridging dpop′ 0/−1 reversible reductions are shifted to less negative potential by 0.2 V. NMR data show downfield shifts for protons bound to the dpop′ (BL) versus dpop′ (TL) ligands.
Movement disorder emergencies in the perioperative period.

The field of movement disorders generally is considered an outpatient specialty. Although this is the case for most patients, acute movement disorders may occur in patients in the perioperative period. These disorders carry significant morbidity, and rapid diagnosis and treatment are critical. This article reviews common and uncommon perioperative situations in which movement disorders may occur. The first section reviews the management of patients who have known movement disorders and are undergoing surgery. Acute drug-induced movement disorders and acute movement disorders as sequelae to surgery then are reviewed. Perioperative management of patients who have movement disorders Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects as many as 1 million people in the United States, and thousands of patients who have PD undergo surgery each year, principally urologic, ophthalmologic, and orthopedic procedures [1]. The neurologic symptoms and signs of parkinsonism have a direct impact on anesthetic risk. Patients who have PD are more prone to developing upper airway dysfunction in the postoperative period because of their tendency to retain secretions; they also are prone to developing orthostasis because of involvement of the autonomic nervous system by Lewy bodies and the propensity of levodopa and dopamine agonists to lower blood pressure. All patients who have PD should receive their usual dose of levodopa, dopamine agonist, or amantadine until the time of surgery and as soon as they awaken in the recovery room. This is important particularly in patients who take several doses of levodopa every day. In the 1970s and early 1980s, neurologists occasionally admitted patients who had PD to the hospital to
Current antiplatelet agents: place in therapy and role of genetic testing

Antiplatelet therapies play a central role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. While aspirin, a cyclo-oxygenase-1 inhibitor has been the cornerstone of antithrombotic treatment for several decades, P2Y12 receptor inhibitors cangrelor, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor and protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist vorapaxar, have emerged as additional therapies to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Recent clinical trials evaluating the role of these agents and major society guideline updates for use of antiplatelet therapies for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events will be examined. The latest studies regarding the appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention will be presented. The current state of genetic and platelet function testing will be reviewed.
Disparate effects of socioeconomic status on physical function and emotional well-being in older adults.

We tested the hypothesis that among community living older adults with relatively low and high socioeconomic status (SES), low SES is associated with both poorer emotional well-being and physical function. Ambulatory, community living older men and women (70–89 years of age) were recruited from outpatient geriatric assessment clinics in relatively high socioeconomic areas of greater Boston (High SES, N=47), and from an urban senior center in the inner city (Low SES, N=66). We assessed health status, mental health, upper and lower extremity strength and physical function. We found that health status was not significantly different in the two groups. Quadriceps strength (Low SES: 199±57 N; High SES: 190±56 N; p=0.531) and Up and Go times (Low SES: 14.3±3.1 sec; High SES: 16.7±9.5 sec; p=0.068) were not significantly different in the two groups, while grip strength was slightly higher in the Low SES group (Low SES: 22.8±6.45 kg; High SES: 20.07±7.55 kg; p=0.049). In contrast, subjects with Low SES tended to have an increased tendency towards depression. Scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale were 3.8±3.0 in Low SES, and 1.8±2.8 in High SES (p<0.001). We conclude that while health status and physical function were not worse in subjects with low SES, emotional well-being was markedly less compared to seniors with high SES. SES may have disparate effects on physical function and mental health, perhaps due to different compensatory mechanisms.
On relative integral bases for cyclic quartic fields

Abstract When does a cyclic quartic field have an integral basis over its quadratic subfield? A simple, easy to use answer is given to this question. Moreover, a basis is given whenever it exists.
Supervisors' and Supervisees' Perceptions of Control and Conflict in Counseling Supervision

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess supervisors' and supervisees' perceptions of control and conflict in counseling supervision. More experienced counselor supervisees perceived themselves as controlling what occurs in supervision to a greater extent than their less experienced counterparts. Although supervisors and supervisees did not perceive relational conflict to occur on a frequent basis, novice supervisors perceived themselves as experiencing a greater amount of conflict than more experienced supervisors. Participants' perceptions of control and conflict were related to the strength of the supervisory working alliance. Implications of this research and recommendations for future research are discussed.
The Property and Performance Differences Between Catalyst Coated Membrane and Catalyst Coated Diffusion Media

Two fuel cell architectures, differing only by the surfaces onto which the electrodes wereapplied, have been analyzed to determine the root causes of dissimilarities in perfor-mance. The basic proton exchange membrane fuel cell is comprised of the proton trans-porting membrane, platinum-containing anode and cathode electrodes, porous carbonﬁber gas diffusion media (GDM), and ﬂow ﬁelds that deliver the reactant hydrogen andair ﬂows. As no optimal cell design currently exists, there is a degree of latitude regard-ing component assembly and structure. Catalyst coated diffusion media (CCDM) refers toa cell architecture option where the electrode layers are coated on the GDM layers andthen hot pressed to the membrane. Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) refers to an archi-tecture where the electrodes are transferred directly onto the membrane. A cell withCCDM architecture has tightly bonded interfaces throughout the assembly, which canresult in lower thermal and electrical contact resistances. Considering the fuel cell as a1D thermal system, the through-plane thermal resistance was observed to decrease by5–10% when comparing CCDM to CCM architectures. This suggests that the thermalcontact resistance at the electrode interfaces was signiﬁcantly reduced in the hot-pressprocess. In addition, the electrical contact resistances between the electrode and GDMwere observed to be signiﬁcantly reduced with a CCDM architecture. This study showsthat these effects, which have a potential to increase performance, can be attributed tothe hot-press lamination process and use of CCDM architecture.
Acute toxicity and behavioral responses of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) to chlorine in heated sea-water

Abstract The acute toxicity and behavioral response to chlorinated and heated sea-water was determined for coho salmon smolts and 1–3 month old shiner perch. LC50's were determined for 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 min exposure times; 13, 16 and 20°C (Δt = 0, 3, 7°C) temperatures and total residual oxidant (TRO) concentrations ranging from 0.077 to 1.035 mg l−1. The mean 60 min LC50 for shiner perch was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) from 308 μg l−1 TRO at 13°C to 230 μg l−1 TRO at 20°C. The 60 min LC50 for coho salmon decreased from 208 μg l−1 TRO at 13°C to 130 μg l−1 at 20°C. The LC50's for coho salmon in chlorinated sea-water averaged 55% of those for shiner perch. The relationship between TRO concentration, exposure time, and percent survival in chlorinated sea-water at 13°C is presented for both species. A significant (P ≤ 0.01) avoidance threshold for coho salmon occurred at 2 μg l−1 TRO and was reinforced with increasing temperature. A significant (P ≤ 0.01) avoidance threshold for shiner perch occurred at 175 μg l−1 TRO, while a significant preference (P ≤ 0.05 or 0.01) response at 16°C and 20°C occurred at 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg l−1 TRO. The ecological implications of the toxicity tests and the behavioral responses are discussed.