cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foot placement angle and arch type: effect on rearfoot motion.

The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between foot placement angle, arch type, and rearfoot motion during running. Twenty women were filmed in the frontal plane at 100 fps. Subjects displaying a variety of foot placement angles were chosen. Before data collection, arch indices were calculated. Each subject ran five trials at a pace of 3.5 m/sec. All subjects wore the same type of shoe. All trials were digitized to determine rearfoot angles throughout foot contact. The following mean values were obtained: total rearfoot was 10.09 degrees, maximum pronation was -9.63 degrees, foot placement angle was 7.58 degrees and arch index (AI) was 0.23 cm2. Non-linear regression was used to predict the relationship between maximum pronation and total rearfoot motion using foot placement angle and AI. Foot placement angle was the best single predictor of total rearfoot motion. When using both foot placement angle and arch type as predictors of total rearfoot motion, r2 was .35. Less abduction was associated with more total rearfoot motion. Arch type exhibited a quadratic relationship with total rearfoot motion. Normal-arched individuals (.21 cm2 less than AI less than .26 cm2) exhibited less total rearfoot motion than high-arched (AI greater than .26 cm2) and flat-arched (AI less than .21 cm2) individuals. For maximum pronation, foot placement angle was the only significant predictor (r2 = .13). Greater foot placement angles (more abduction) were associated with less maximum pronation.
ENHANCEMENT OF SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF THE LROC WIDE ANGLE CAMERA IMAGES

Abstract. Image fusion, a popular method for resolution enhancement in Earth-based remote sensing studies involves the integration of geometric (sharpness) detail of a high-resolution panchromatic (Pan) image and the spectral information of a lower resolution multi-spectral (MS) image. Image fusion with planetary images is not as widespread as with terrestrial studies, although successful application of image fusion can lead to the generation of higher resolution MS image data. A comprehensive comparison of six image fusion algorithms in the context of lunar images is presented in this work. Performance of these algorithms is compared by visual inspection of the high-resolution multi-spectral products, derived products such as band-to-band ratio and composite images, and performance metrics with an emphasis on spectral content preservation. Enhanced MS images of the lunar surface can enable new science and maximize the science return for current and future missions.
Ultrasonographic visualization and assessment of the anterolateral ligament

Injury to the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee has recently received attention as a potential risk factor for failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, evaluation of the anterolateral ligament is currently difficult, and radiologic data are sparse with regard to the normal appearance of this ligament. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the ALL could be identified and visualized using ultrasonography. Ten non-paired, fresh-frozen cadaveric knees underwent ultrasound by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist using a Siemens S2000 Acuson Ultrasound machine with a 14-MHz linear transducer. After first identifying anatomical landmarks by palpation, a thin band of tissue originating in the vicinity of the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) origin was identified and followed up distally. The tibia was held at 30° of flexion and internally rotated to verify tightening of the structure. Under ultrasound guidance, 25-gauge hypodermic needles were placed at what were sonographically determined to be the origin and insertion points of the ligament. One-tenth of a CC of aniline blue dye was injected. The specimens were then dissected to confirm the presence and location of the ALL. If an ALL was found, distances between the epicentre of the injected dye and the actual origin and insertion points were calculated. Additionally, ligament length based on dissection images and ultrasound images was calculated. Eight of ten specimens had an anterolateral structure that originated from the lateral femoral epicondyle just posterior and superior to the origin of the FCL and inserted on the lateral plateau approximately halfway between Gerdy’s tubercle and the fibular head. The average length based on ultrasound was 3.8 cm (±.7; range 3.1–4.7) and 4.1 cm (±1.1; range 2.6–6.1) based on dissection. Length based on dissection and ultrasound had minimal agreement (ICC = .308; 95 % confidence interval .257–.382, p = .265). The average width of the structure on dissection was .8 cm (±.24; range .5–1.2). The mean distance from ultrasound-determined origin and insertion points to anatomical origin and insertion based on dissection was 10.9 mm (±2.9, range 7.0–15.8) and 12.5 mm (±5.7 range 3.2–19.3), respectively. Inter-observer reliability was excellent for all measurements based on dissection and ultrasound. Ultrasound was unable to reliably identify the anterolateral structure from its femoral to tibial attachment sites. Distinguishing it from the posterior IT band and anterolateral capsule was challenging, and it is possible that the structure is a thickened band of fascia rather than a true ligament. As a clinical diagnostic tool, ultrasound likely offers little utility in the evaluation of the ALL for injury. IV.
Modulation of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase by calmodulin and guanyl nucleotides

Mammalian brain contains adenylate cyclase activity that can be stimulated by calmodulin (CaM), an endogenous Ca++-binding protein. Adenylate cyclase activity in a rat striatal particulate fraction depleted of Ca++ and CaM can be stimulated over 2-fold by CaM. Stimulation is biphasic dependent upon the concentration of Ca++ (Gnegy and Treisman, 1981a). Previous studies have suggested a role for CaM in dopaminergic activity in the striatum (Gnegy et al, 1977a,b, 1980; Hanbauer et al, 1979). CaM is increased in the striatal membranes of rats exhibiting behavioral supersensitivity to dopamine (DA) after chronic treatment with neuroleptic drugs (Gnegy et al, 1977a,b). The adenylate cyclase activity in the striatal membranes of these rats has an increased sensitivity to DA (Gnegy et al, 1977b). In order to explore whether CaM could be contributing to the supersensitivity to DA, we determined the effect of Ca++ and CaM on DA stimulation of adenylate cyclase in striatal membranes depleted of Ca++ and CaM. We found that CaM and Ca++ could increase the sensitivity of striatal adenylate cyclase to DA, decreasing the Ka for DA from 2–3 fold (Gnegy and Treisman, 1981a).
Technologies for Arrayed Single-Cell Biology

This chapter contains sections titled: The Importance of Studying Single Cells Electronic Detection of Molecules in the Nanoscale Single - Cell Respiration Measurements Oxygen Detection Overview of the Miniature Cell Incubator Platform Oxygen Consumption Rate Measurements Using a Single - Cell Self - Assembly Method Conclusion Acknowledgments References
An adaptive control law for controlled Lagrangian particle tracking

Controlled Lagrangian particle tracking (CLPT) is a method that evaluates the accuracy of ocean models employed for the navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The accuracy of ocean models can be represented by the discrepancy between the predicted and true trajectories of AUVs, called controlled Lagrangian prediction error (CLPE). To reduce CLPE, we develop an adaptive control law that enables AUVs to follow the predicted trajectory in the true flow field. Because CLPE is exponentially increasing and navigation performance is significantly degraded when previous controllers are used, we propose the adaptive control law that makes CLPE converges to zero. Although true flows are unknown, the proposed control law identifies the true flow field so that AUVs follows the predicted trajectory. We prove that CLPE is ultimately bounded under bounded disturbances. The proposed control law is verified by simulation results.
2015 International Symposium on Computer Architecture Influential Paper Award

This column discusses the 2015 ISCA Influential Paper Award, which recognized "Wattch: A Framework for Architectural-Level Power Analysis and Optimizations" by David Brooks, Vivek Tiwari, and Margaret Martonosi.
Determination of the Mott-Hubbard gap in GdTiO 3

The band gaps of rare-earth titanates are commonly reported to be 0.2--0.7 eV. These values are based on optical reflectivity measurements, from which the onset of optical absorption is derived. Here we report experimental and theoretical results on ${\mathrm{GdTiO}}_{3}$ (GTO) indicating that the gap is significantly larger. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show a strong peak near 1.8 eV, consistent with an observed onset in PL excitation (PLE) at about the same energy. First-principles calculations, based either on density-functional theory (DFT) with a hybrid functional or on DFT+$U$, consistently show that the gap is close to 2 eV. We also propose an interpretation of the previously reported optical absorption spectra. Given the similarities in electronic structure between the rare-earth titanates, our results for GTO have repercussions for the other members of the series. The results also affect the design of complex-oxide heterostructures involving these materials.
Successful creation of pancreatic cancer organoids by means of EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy sampling for personalized cancer treatment.

Background and Aims Pancreatic cancer organoids are tumor models of individualized human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), created from surgical specimens and used for personalized treatment strategies. Unfortunately, most patients with PDA are not operative candidates. Creation of human PDA organoids at the time of initial tumor diagnosis is therefore critical. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of creating human PDA organoids by EUS fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) sampling in patients with PDA. Methods In this prospective clinical trial in patients referred to evaluate a pancreatic mass, EUS-FNA was performed for initial onsite diagnosis. Two additional needle passes were performed with a 22-gauge FNB needle for organoid creation. Primary outcome was successful isolation of organoids within 2 weeks of EUS-FNB sampling (P0, no passages), confirmed by organoid morphology and positive genotyping. Results Thirty-seven patients with 38 PDA tumors were enrolled. Successful isolation of organoids (P0) was achieved in 33 of 38 tumors (87%). Establishment of PDA organoid lines for ≥5 passages of growth (P5, five passages) was reached in 25 of 38 tumors (66%). In the single patient with successful P5 FNB sampling–derived and P5 surgically derived organoids, there was identical matching of specimens. There were no serious adverse events. Two patients developed bleeding at the EUS-FNB puncture site requiring hemostasis clips. Conclusions Pancreatic cancer organoids can be successfully and rapidly created by means of EUS-FNB sampling using a 22-gauge needle at the time of initial diagnosis. Successful organoid generation is essential for precision medicine in patients with pancreatic cancer in whom most are not surgically resectable. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03140592.)
Hypercapnic acidosis attenuates pressure-dependent increase in whole-lung filtration coefficient (Kf).

Hypercapnic acidosis (HCA) has beneficial effects in experimental models of lung injury by attenuating inflammation and decreasing pulmonary edema. However, HCA increases pulmonary vascular pressure that will increase fluid filtration and worsen edema development. To reconcile these disparate effects, we tested the hypothesis that HCA inhibits endothelial mechanotransduction and protects against pressure-dependent increases in the whole lung filtration coefficient (Kf). Isolated perfused rat lung preparation was used to measure whole lung filtration coefficient (Kf) at two levels of left atrial pressure (PLA = 7.5 versus 15 cm H2O) and at low tidal volume (LVt) versus standard tidal volume (STVt) ventilation. The ratio of Kf2/Kf1 was used as the index of whole lung permeability. Double occlusion pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary pressures, and zonal characteristics (ZC) were measured to assess effects of HCA on hemodynamics and their relationship to Kf2/Kf1. An increase in PLA2 from 7.5 to 15 cm H2O resulted in a 4.9-fold increase in Kf2/Kf1 during LVt and a 4.8-fold increase during STVt. During LVt, HCA reduced Kf2/Kf1 by 2.7-fold and reduced STVt Kf2/Kf1 by 5.2-fold. Analysis of pulmonary hemodynamics revealed no significant differences in filtration forces in response to HCA. HCA interferes with lung vascular mechanotransduction and prevents pressure-dependent increases in whole lung filtration coefficient. These results contribute to a further understanding of the lung protective effects of HCA.
Understanding the El Nino Costero of 2017: The Definition Problem and Challenges of Climate Forecasting and Disaster Responses

This preliminary study examines the definition problem and challenges of climate forecasting and disaster responses associated with the El Nino costero (coastal) of 2017, which developed rapidly with no warning and had catastrophic effects in Peru. Such a localized El Nino was not documented since 1925. An initial review suggests that in addition to the characteristics of the event (surprise), government responses may have been inadequate (as media reported) because of conflicting forecast reports (U.S. and Peru), which provoked a hydrometeorological debate and stifled decision making. Partly to blame was the El Nino definition problem, which can cause uncertainty and affect perception of risk, depending on which region of the equatorial Pacific one uses to identify an event. Responses were further complicated by the fact that some regions within Peru were experiencing drought prior to the El Nino costero’s onset and impacts from the El Nino 2015–2016 were less than expected. Furthermore, a new government was in place, which may have hindered action. Thus, El Nino costero provides lessons to heed, not only with respect to the forecast information, but also with reference to the context of the forecast and disaster setting, which can influence disaster responses to hydrometeorological threats.
The Hollow Spherical Silica Molecule (SiO2)20(H2O)10: Theoretical Calculations of the IR spectrum

The IR spectrum of hollow spherical molecule (SiO2)20(H2O)10 have been calculated within harmonic approximation using density functional theory method (exchange-correlation functional B3LYP and basis set 6-31G (d, p)) and an assignment have been made of the frequencies to the forms of vibrations. It has been shown that the theoretically calculated spectrum of molecule (SiO2)20(H2O)10 is consistent with the experimental spectra of nanospheres, so the molecule (SiO2)20(H2O)10 and its higher homologues can be used in quantum-chemical calculations of the properties of synthesized hollow nanospheres (d ≈ 290 nm).
How Did Proposed Changes in the New Fair Labor and Standards Act Impact Collegiate Athletics Departments?: An Initial Exploration

In 2015, the Department of Labor introduced proposed changes to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) which significantly raised the minimum annual salary required for exempt employees. This proposed...
Establishment of the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange QI Learning Collaborative (T1DX-LC)

Background: The proportion of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who meet recommended HbA1c targets remains suboptimal, with little improvement over the last two decades. A Learning Collaborative (LC) is a multi-clinic learning and sharing quality improvement (QI) process known to accelerate improvement in chronic conditions. We created the T1DX-LC to spread learning to improve health outcomes of individuals living with T1D. Methods: In 2014, a design process engaged clinicians, researchers, patient advocates, and QI leaders to develop a roadmap for improvement, based on the Chronic Care Model. The T1DX-LC launched in 2016 with 7 pediatric and 3 adult diabetes practices, coordinated by the T1D Exchange (Boston, MA). Over 18 months, we established a LC foundation: teams representing each clinic, governance, QI training and capability, online collaboration space, standard measures, and population data systems. Teams selected clinical tests of change to pilot for depression screening, pre-visit planning, and patient-centered clinic design. Results: Teams completed formal QI coursework and collaborated via monthly calls, emails, an online collaboration space, and 3 in-person learning sessions. Six teams increased depression screening, 5 teams adopted multiple change ideas for pre-visit-planning, and 5 teams shared patient-centered tools and practices. A QI capability assessment survey was established and showed proficiency for all teams. We established a HIPAA-compliant data repository, data formatting specifications, data extraction/transmission standards, and a prototype data visualization dashboard. Two sites demonstrated the ability to extract and transmit EHR data to the central database. Conclusions: The T1DX-LC demonstrated broad engagement, improved QI capability, advanced 3 focus areas, and developed a data exchange infrastructure. Our next steps are to build upon these efforts to accelerate improvement of outcomes in high-risk patients with T1D defined by HbA1c >9%. Disclosure A. Shah: None. S. Corathers: None. G.T. Alonso: None. D.A. Buckingham: None. A.B. Cabrera: None. M.A. Clements: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Self; Glooko, Inc. D.J. DeSalvo: Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Insulet Corporation. M.K. Kamboj: None. K.L. Lambert: None. S.N. Mehta: None. A.L. Ohmer: None. N. Rioles: None. R. Sonabend: None. J. Lee: Consultant; Self; Unitio.
Atherogenesis: The Process from Normal to Lesion

Arteriosclerosis is an ancient lesion found in mummies, illustrated by da Vinci and only clearly designated as a disease distinct from aging processes early in this century. (1, 2) The modern period of research, that is, since about 1930, has seen a progressive emphasis on two major theories of atherogenesis.
Providing Technical Assistance

Recognizing the areas which would benefit from technical assistance and establishing and organizing an appropriate system is an essential first step, but it is only the beginning. Many such systems that should have been effective have failed to achieve their potential because of problems with getting clients to use the system, retaining the participation of qualified consultants, effectively managing the system, or providing appropriate materials and support. This chapter explains what can be done to make sure that the system works properly once it has been established. Guidelines and materials (which readers are welcome to adapt and use for their own purposes, if appropriate credit is given), are provided in the following five areas.
Rural Women’s Health

Twenty-five percent of the population of the United States lives in rural areas. Women make up about 52% of these residents (Office of Technology Assessment, 1994). People in rural communities are often poorer than in urban communities; have fewer health resources; have long driving times to health care, and are characterized by familiarity among residents (Bushey, 1998). There are variations within rural communities that need to be considered when generalizing about rural women’s health. Before addressing issues in the health of rural women, it is necessary to review issues in women’s health generally in order to have a context for discussing rural women’s health.
Co-use of tobacco and marijuana during pregnancy: Pathways to externalizing behavior problems in early childhood.

Abstract Use and co-use of tobacco and marijuana during pregnancy are associated with the development of social, cognitive, and behavioral problems for infants and children. However, less is known about the potential developmental impact of the use of tobacco and marijuana in tandem. The present study examined an etiological model for the development of externalizing behavior problems (EBP) in early childhood in a high risk sample (N = 247) of mother-infant dyads with prospective data from pregnancy to 36 months of child age. Co-use during pregnancy and continued maternal tobacco and marijuana use from infancy through early childhood were investigated. Although direct pathways from exposure during pregnancy to EBP were not significant, there was a significant indirect pathway from prenatal tobacco use to EBP via lower breastfeeding duration to lower maternal warmth/sensitivity to EBP, and a pathway from higher maternal affective dysregulation to higher EBP. These results highlight the importance of considering cascading effects of substance use during pregnancy on parental processes within the context of developmental risk and protection.
Via Noise Coupling Mitigation in Packaging

Congested microelectronic packaging leads to tighter via-via spacing with significant mutual coupling concerns. Inductance matrix of a 4-via system is derived using self and mutual inductance of a conventional via pair. Impact of addition of isolation ground via to the inductance matrix is analyzed. Recent compact shielding advancements such as coating of vias and embedded metallic sheet based isolation are discussed.
Remote Programmable Temperature Stabilized Polarimetric Active Radar Calibrator with Rcs Agility for Airborne and Spaceborne Sar Calibration

This paper presents an L-band Single Antenna Polarimetric Active Radar Calibrator (SAPARC) designed and constructed at the University of Michigan in collaboration with the suborbital radar group of Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The SAPARC is intended for radiometric and polarimetric calibration of both airborne and spaceborne L-band radars, including the NASA/JPL Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) and NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR). The presented Polarimetric Active Radar Calibrator (PARC) is designed to have a specific scattering matrix response (equal entries) and a very large and stable radar cross section (RCS) value which is significantly higher than its passive counterparts for providing a much higher signal-to-clutter ratio. The specific scattering matrix response enables the PARC to evaluate all the radar channels' radiometric calibration constants as well as cross-talk and channel imbalances, which cannot be estimated by the passive calibration targets. The much higher signal-to-clutter ratio provided by the PARC further reduces the residual errors of calibration and allows them to be easily deployed at different target scenes during radar data acquisitions.
Inclusion and perception of hand therapy content in occupational therapy programs: A mixed-method study.

Abstract Study Design Mixed-methods with cross-sectional survey and interviews. Introduction Hand therapy is a specialty area of practice for occupational (OT) and physical therapists (PT), requiring experience and certification beyond entry-level generalist education. Perspectives and inclusion of content related to hand therapy differs among entry-level OT programs and faculty. Purpose Perception and inclusion of hand therapy content in OT programs was examined in this mixed-method study to better understand the trends in academia regarding integration of content related to hand therapy. Methods A survey was developed, peer-reviewed, and emailed to all accredited entry-level masters and doctorate OT programs via Survey Monkey (SurveyMonkey, Inc., San Mateo, CA). Respondents were also given the opportunity to participate in an interview (n = 2; 5%). Results A total of 43 participants responded to the survey, representing a 23% response rate. Quantitative results revealed that 65% of OT programs report including 41+ hours of hand therapy content and 54% report integration of hand therapy content in 2-3 courses. Qualitative trends included the perception of hand content as necessary and beneficial to other areas of practice as well as the perspective that it is too specialized and advanced for generalist curriculum. Discussion Educators have a largely positive opinion regarding inclusion and generalizability of hand therapy content within OT curricula with varied content inclusion. While hand therapy related content is valued, increased emphasis on occupation during didactic instruction is recommended for more holistic understanding and occupation-based practice. Conclusion While trends of hand therapy content inclusion were revealed in the survey, perceptions of hand therapy within the broad spectrum of OT curricula were diverse, indicating a possible lack of unity within the profession regarding this specialty area of practice.
Evaluation of BMI as a Risk Factor for Complications following Gender-affirming Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty.

Background:Gender affirmation surgery (GAS) has a positive impact on the health of transgender patients; however, some centers employ body mass index (BMI) as a strict selection criterion for surgical candidacy. Several single-center studies have found no clear correlation between BMI and complicati
Global Latin(X) AmericanXs: Charting new ontological and epistemological cartographies beyond US LatinX studies:

This article examines how situating our academic inquiry from geographic vantage points outside of the United States allows scholars to recast epistemological and ontological assumptions in the fie...
Creating the Research Methods Syllabus

The secret to a class that goes smoothly is a well-planned syllabus. It is the backbone for any college course. The syllabus can help to make your class flow from week to week, or it can cause you lots of headaches and even leave you open to lawsuits. Mapping out your course outline, planning the time needed for each topic, and putting in policies that will protect you are the hallmark of a good syllabus. This chapter will guide you in all those aspects. Topics will include textbooks, and what necessary information should be incorporated about them. The syllabus will also include student learning outcomes, attendance and grading policies, and important information about the required assignments. However, in this chapter, the syllabus will also be discussed as a living document, not one that changes as the course progresses, but rather a document that brings new life to the course. I will discuss some activities and other ways to bring the course to life as this chapter progresses.
Chapter 19 – Antianginal Drugs

Angina pectoris is a common disease (ischemic heart disease) that affects middle-aged persons, usually males. Angina pectoris is a chest pain arising from the heart, sometimes radiating into the left shoulder and down the inner side of the left arm. It is believed that the dull, tight chest pain of angina occurs when the heart’s muscular wall is not getting enough oxygen. The primary aim of stable angina management is symptomatic relief; the secondary aim is prevention. Antianginal drugs are a group of medicines used to prevent and relieve angina attacks. The therapeutic effect of this group is associated with the member drugs’ antiischemic and analgesic effects. The medical treatment of angina has changed little in the past few years. Antianginal drugs are divided into medications that decrease the demand of cardiac tissue in oxygen and simultaneously increase blood supply to the heart (nitrates, calcium channel blockers), medications that reduce the effects of catecholamines (β blockers), and drugs that increase blood supply to the heart (β adrenomimetics), all of which basically reduce the oxygen demand of the heart. Antianginal drug ranolazine is included in the list of Top 200 Drugs by sales for the 2010s.
Opportunity-to-learn performance levels and student achievement gains for students with and without disabilities

Abstract This study examined within-year mathematics gains in the context of students’ education status and teachers’ opportunity-to-learn (OTL) performance for 60 general education teachers and 219 students with and without disabilities. Multilevel analyses did not support teachers’ OTL performance as a statistically significant predictor of model slope or intercept. Effect sizes for the Level-2 intercept variance suggested that OTL performance has some utility in explaining variations in mean initial achievement level between teachers. Contingency tables for a subsample of teachers indicated that higher OTL performance resulted in greater achievement gain irrespective of education status with greater gain for students with disabilities.
The Moral Grounds of Reasonably Mistaken Self-Defense

Some, but not all, of the mistakes a person makes when acting in apparently necessary self-defense are reasonable: we take them not to violate the rights of the apparent aggressor. I argue that this is explained by duties grounded in agents’ entitlements to a fair distribution of the risk of suffering unjust harm. I suggest that the content of these duties is filled in by a social signaling norm, and offer some moral constraints on the form such a norm can take.
Cold Survivable Current Sense Multi-Chip Module

This paper will present the design of a Current Sense Module (CSM) used to measure motor phase currents that is capable of surviving the harsh ambient environment of ocean worlds, such as Europa and Enceladus. The CSM module is fabricated by i3 Electronics using their Multi-Chip Module (MCM) technology with techniques developed by JPL to allow this module to survive temperatures down to −184°C. This module greatly improves the ability to measure phase and bridge current which can be problematic in extreme environments. In addition, by packaging these electronics at the die level, we achieve significant weight and size savings. This module is one of several modules that employ similar techniques that are integrated into a distributed or centralized motor controller. This paper will discuss the module's design along with a summary of our test results.
Narratives of Domestic Violence: Policing, Identity, and Indexicality

Domestic violence is an intractable social problem that must be understood in order to be eradicated. Using theories of indexicality, identity, and narrative, Andrus presents data from interviews she conducted with victims and law enforcement, and analyses the narratives of their interactions and the identities that emerge. She gives insight into law enforcement views on violence, and prevalent misconceptions, in order to create resources to improve communication with victim/survivors. She also analyzes the ways in which identity emerges and is performed via narrative constructions of domestic violence and encounters between police and victim/survivors. By giving voice to the victims of domestic violence, this book provides powerful insights into the ways that ideology and commonplace misconceptions impact the social construction of domestic violence. It will be invaluable to students and researchers in discourse analysis, applied linguistics and forensic linguistics.
A Summary of the Latest Research Progress of Pulse Electroacoustic Method

Pulsed electroacoustic method (PEA) is a non-destructive and efficient method for measuring space charge, which has been widely used internationally. With the continuous improvement of measurement requirements, pulse electroacoustic method has gradually evolved some novel measurement methods, such as two-dimension PEA, three-dimension PEA, portable PEA, PEA in multilayer dielectric, etc. The principle of above methods is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized and analyzed in this paper. The development direction of pulse electroacoustic method is clarified, and the improvement ideas for future research are proposed.
The Architecture of HRIS

While this is a very technical chapter for public administrators, it is critical for public administrators to understand what HRIS is and how it works. As stated by SHRM:
The National Cancer Database: Survival Between Head and Neck Melanoma and Melanoma of Other Regions.

ObjectivePrimary site is considered an important prognostic factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM); however, opinions vary regarding its influence on survival. This study compares overall su...
Models of Galaxies

We would like to make a physical. description of the various types of galaxies. We know that galaxies can be classified into morphological types in the Hubble sequence Open image in new window together with all other galaxies loosely described as peculiar galaxies. It should be noted that the SO galaxies have less similarities amongst themselves (in terms of gas content, or colour, for instance) than the other types on the Hubble sequence.
Tradition and Habitus in Tesol Teacher Education

This paper explores different perspectives in the education of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) in light of recent developments in Sociocultural Learning Theory. It advocates for a view of learning as participation in socially mediated activities, which has the potential of helping the field overcome the pervasiveness of the habitus that characterizes it. This habitus can be understood as those collective, yet individualized and internalized structures that help us define, interpret, and judge our lived experience. The paper argues that two main traditions (one practical and one theoretical) have polarized the field and rendered it difficult to modify. However, the emergent adoption of a Sociocultural Perspective by many teacher educators can prove to be a plausible alternative to the status quo that may help resolve some of the conundrums the profession is experiencing.
Performance evaluation in identification and adaptive control of time varying systems

The main goal of this paper has been to characterize the performance of identification and adaptive control algorithms for time-varying systems. We have considered the Kalman filter estimator, and shown that its performance has a lower bound with several interesting properties. In particular, the bound has an infinite slope at the origin, and appears to be accurate for small values of the parameter Q. We combined this identification bound with a new stability result to obtain performance bounds for a scalar adaptive control problem. Once again, the performance shows a steep degradation as parameter variation increases. The accuracy of the theoretical bounds in both the identification and adaptive control problems is borne out by the simulation results that have been provided. We note that in the multidimensional adaptive control problem, at present the only known method for obtaining bounds is to reduce the problem to the scalar case by employing a somewhat conservative lower bound. It would be of interest to avoid this approximation to obtain tighter bounds in the general multivariate case. Further, currently in the case of adaptive control, we do not know how to analyze the closed loop system unless the system zeros are fixed and known. Relaxing this assumption appears to be a far more difficult problem. One approach to this problem is the cautious control of Astrom and Wittenmark (1989). Research in this direction is currently in progress. >
Mixed-mode ESD protection circuit simulation-design methodology

The trial-and-error approach still dominates on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit design. We present a new predictive mixed-mode ESD protection simulation-design methodology, which involves multiple-level electro-thermal-process-device-circuit-layout coupling in an ESD protection simulation that solves complex electro-thermal equations self-consistently at process, device and circuit levels, in a coupled fashion. In this way, we can investigate ESD protection circuit behavior without any pre-assumption. Practical design examples in commercial 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS are presented.
Anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease

Clinically significant anxiety syndromes are a common problem in PD, with prevalence rates of up to 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although limited attention has been paid to PD-related anxiety disorders, they contribute substantially to morbidity and caregiver burden. In some patients, the anxiety syndrome is a prevailing problem, over and above the impairment related to motor dysfunction. There is also evidence that anxiety disorders in PD are fundamentally related to underlying neurodegenerative processes. While anxiety syndromes occur in isolation, there is also overlap among anxiety symptoms and signs, PD-related depressive syndromes, PD motor phenomena, and effects of antiparkinsonian medications. Together, these factors can contribute to the misattribution of pathological anxiety as a normal psychological reaction to motor-related disability, and, hence, reduced recognition and treatment of a discrete anxiety syndrome. The primary aims of this article are to review the clinical feat...
Colon biopsies for evaluation of acute graft-versus-host disease (A-GVHD) in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients

Proper histomorphological interpretation of intestinal acute graft versus host disease (A-GVHD) associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is critical for clinical managaement. However, studies methodically evaluating different histomorphological features of A-GVHD are rare. Colonic biopsies from 44 allogeneic BMT patients having biopsy-proven cutaneous A-GVHD were compared with colon biopsies from 48 negative controls. A-GVHD showed intra-cryptal apoptosis in 91% and pericryptal apoptosis in adjacent lamina propria in 70% (p < 0.002). Nonspecific apoptosis along the surface epithelium was observed in all groups with comparable frequency. The number of apoptotic cells in mucosa were approximately four times (5.3 per 10 HPF) the negative controls (p < 0.002) in A-GVHD group. 48% of cases with A-GVHD showed decreased number of lymphocytes in lamina propria. Some features, including intraepithelial lymphocytes in surface or crypt epithelium; and neutrophils, eosinophils, and edema in lamina propria, did not demonstrate significant difference in A-GVHD and negative controls. Pericryptal apoptosis, dilated crypts, irregular distribution of crypts, decreased lymphocytes, increased microvessel network, focal fibrosis, presence of muciphages, reactive changes in surface epithelium with mucin depletion, mucosal ulceration, and/or reduced mucosal thickness showed higher association with A-GVHD group. Intracyptal apoptosis is a reliable indicator of A-GVHD. Its diagnostic significance was improved if intracyptal apoptosis was associated with features which were observed more frequently in A-GVHD group as mentioned above.
Construction of an NP Problem with an Exponential Lower Bound

In this paper we present a Hashed-Path Traveling Salesperson Problem (HPTSP), a new type of problem which has the interesting property of having no polynomial time solutions. Next we show that HPTSP is in the class NP by demonstrating that local information about sub-routes is insufficient to compute the complete value of each route. As a consequence, via Ladner's theorem, we show that the class NPI is non-empty.
Ngugi wa Thiong'o: Representing decolonization: A Grain of Wheat

It is tempting to read A Grain of Wheat, the novel that cemented Ngugi's reputation as a major writer, through the prism established by Frantz Fanon in his critique of colonialism and the perils of decolonization. Indeed, it has often been claimed that Ngugi was in the process of writing this novel when he came across Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, and that it was in this book that he simultaneously discovered the politics of socialism and a grammar for representing colonialism and what has now come to be known as arrested decolonization. It has even been said that Fanon's famous critique of decolonization as an arrested moment – one in which national consciousness has failed to be “the sill-embracing crystallization of the inner hopes f the whole people” and has instead become “an empty shell, a crude and fragile travesty of what it might have been” - provided Ngugi with an important epigraphic text for his third novel. And if epigraphs are important because they determine or shape readers' expectations as they enter the text, our entry into Ngugi's novel is guided by a powerful image of a grain that wilts and dies instead of growing into “that body that shall be,” and by an authorial note drawing attention to the reality of the situation represented in the novel, a situation in which the peasants who fought against British colonial rule in Kenya “now see all that they fought for being put on one side.” Both epigraphs are powerful echoes of Fanon's critique of decolonization.
Habitat selection of breeding riparian birds in an urban environment: Untangling the relative importance of biophysical elements and spatial scale

Aim Urbanization is a leading threat to global biodiversity, yet little is known about how the spatial arrangement and composition of biophysical elements – buildings and vegetation – within a metropolitan area influence habitat selection. Here, we ask: what is the relative importance of the structure and composition of these elements on bird species across multiple spatial scales? Location The temperate metropolitan area of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Methods We surveyed breeding birds on 71 plots along an urban gradient. We modelled relative density for 48 bird species in relation to local woody vegetation composition and structure and to tree cover, grass cover and building density within 50–1000 m of each plot. We used an information-theoretic approach to compare models and variables. Results At the proximate scale, native tree and understory stem frequency were the most important vegetation variables explaining bird distributions. Species’ responses to landscape biophysical features and spatial scales varied. Most native species responded positively to vegetation measures and negatively to building density. Models combining both local vegetation and landscape information represented best or competitive models for the majority of species, while models containing only local vegetation characteristics were rarely competitive. Smaller spatial scales (≤ 500 m) were most important for 36 species, and eight species had best models at larger scales (> 500 m); however, several species had competitive models across multiple scales. Main conclusions Habitat selection by birds within the urban matrix is the result of a combination of factors operating at both proximate and broader spatial scales. Efforts to manage and design urban areas to benefit native birds require both fine-scale (e.g., individual landowners and landscape design) and larger landscape actions (e.g., regional comprehensive planning).
G‐quadruplex nucleic acids and human disease

Alternate DNA structures that deviate from B-form double-stranded DNA such as G-quadruplex (G4) DNA can be formed by sequences that are widely distributed throughout the human genome. G-quadruplex secondary structures, formed by the stacking of planar quartets composed of four guanines that interact by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, can affect cellular DNA replication and transcription, and influence genomic stability. The unique metabolism of G-rich chromosomal regions that potentially form quadruplexes may influence a number of biological processes including immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, promoter activation and telomere maintenance. A number of human diseases are characterized by telomere defects, and it is proposed that G-quadruplex structures which form at telomere ends play an important role in telomere stability. Evidence from cellular studies and model organisms suggests that diseases with known defects in G4 DNA helicases are likely to be perturbed in telomere maintenance and cellular DNA replication. In this minireview, we discuss the connections of G-quadruplex nucleic acids to human genetic diseases and cancer based on the recent literature.
The ductile fracture of precipitation-hardened Al-1.79wt.%Cu alloys containing θ′ and θ precipitates

Abstract The ductile fracture of Al-1.79wt.%Cu alloys aged to contain either θ′ or θ precipitates was investigated using electron microscopy. In situ fracture experiments in a high voltage electron microscope involving thin specimens revealed intense dislocation activities ahead of the crack tip. Crack propagation was by hole coalescence, leaving behind serrated crack edges as shown in the transmission electron microscope, while scanning electron microscopy showed lamellae on fracture surfaces. In bulk specimens, dimpled fracture surfaces indicated that crack propagation occurred by void coalescence. Microcrack initiation sites were most commonly found at dislocation boundaries rather than at precipitate-matrix interfaces. Consistent with the experimental results, a comparison between the estimated available energy for decohesion from dislocation boundaries and from interfacial energies predicted the dislocation boundaries to be the favorable decohesion sites. The precipitates can be expected to have influenced the development of dislocation patterns during the work-hardening stage, but they played only a minor role in the final process of fracture initiation.
Construction of a robust microarray from a non‐model species largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacèpede), using pyrosequencing technology

A novel custom microarray for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was designed with sequences obtained from a normalized cDNA library using the 454 Life Sciences GS-20 pyrosequencer. This approach yielded in excess of 58 million bases of high-quality sequence. The sequence information was combined with 2,616 reads obtained by traditional suppressive subtractive hybridizations to derive a total of 31,391 unique sequences. Annotation and coding sequences were predicted for these transcripts where possible. 16,350 annotated transcripts were selected as target sequences for the design of the custom largemouth bass oligonucleotide microarray. The microarray was validated by examining the transcriptomic response in male largemouth bass exposed to 17beta-oestradiol. Transcriptomic responses were assessed in liver and gonad, and indicated gene expression profiles typical of exposure to oestradiol. The results demonstrate the potential to rapidly create the tools necessary to assess large scale transcriptional responses in non-model species, paving the way for expanded impact of toxicogenomics in ecotoxicology.
Letter to the Editor regarding Bajaj D, et al., The resistance of cortical bone tissue to failure under cyclic loading is reduced with alendronate, Bone 2014;64:57-64.

• Experimental data were excluded from analyses of effects of alendronate treatment on fatigue life of bone specimens from canine ribs.
Galactosemia: Evidence for a Structural Gene Mutation

Identical immunoprecipitin reactions appeared in double immunodiffusion between rabbit anltibodies to human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase and red cell preparations from both normal and galactosemic individuals. The galactosemic erythrocyte preparations quantitatively absorbed the antiboy that immunoprecipitates enzymatically active galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.
Plasmonic collimation and beaming from LED active materials

Plasmonic nanostructures consisting of an ultrathin Ag film supporting a nanoscale Ag grating are used to demonstrate strong collimation and beam steering of the radiation output of a multiple-quantum-well visible light emitting sample.