cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative measurement of lung reexpansion in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients undergoing pleurectomy/decortication.

Rationale and Objectives Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a neoplasm that grows circumferentially along the pleura. The tumor and concurrent pleural effusion may reduce lung function by restricting or preventing lung expansion. The purpose of this study was to provide objective evidence that pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) allows trapped lung to reexpand, quantify the reexpansion based on computed tomography (CT) scans, and investigate whether the expansion persists after surgery. Materials and Methods A database of 12 patients demonstrating unilateral MPM was collected. Each patient underwent a presurgical CT scan, surgical debulking by P/D, and two postsurgical CT scans (at 1 and 4 months). The lung volume was measured in each scan using an automated algorithm and compared for each patient across time. Results An increase in the ipsilateral postsurgical lung volume was observed for 10 of 12 patients (83%) 1 month after surgery. The median ipsilateral volume increase was 44% relative to the presurgical ipsilateral volume and 21% relative to the contralateral volume. A statistically significant change in ipsilateral lung volume was not observed between 1‑month and 4‑month postsurgical scans, implying that the volume improvement persisted months after surgery. Conclusions Debulking of MPM with P/D substantially increased the ipsilateral lung volume relative to both the presurgical ipsilateral volume and the contralateral lung volume. This improvement persisted months after surgery.
CORRELATION OF GLAZE-BODY STRESSES WITH THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WHITEWARE BODIES*

Several lead borosilicate glazes with high to low thermal expansion were applied to a bisque whiteware body having porosities ranging from 20 to 30%, and the thermal properties were studied. Test pieces were subjected to an autoclave test at 50, 150, and 300 lb. per sq. in. and to a thermal-shock test by quenching from 400° to 600°F. into cold water. The thermal-expansion curves for the various glazes and for the body at each porosity were determined on the interferometer. The glaze-fit ring test was used to determine the degree of tensile and compressive stress, and these stresses were plotted graphically with the body porosity. The resistance to crazing was increased in both the autoclave and thermal-shock tests as the thermal expansion of the glazes, as measured on the interferometer, decreased. The 10% porosity body gave the best results in the thermal-shock test. A close correlation was found between the thermal-expansion curves for the glazes and bodies of varying porosity and the stress characteristics shown by the glaze-fit ring test.
The Hot List Strategy

Experimentation strongly suggests that, for attacking deep questions and hard problems with the assistance of an automated reasoning program, the more effective paradigms rely on the retention of deduced information. A significant obstacle ordinarily presented by such a paradigm is the deduction and retention of one or more needed conclusions whose complexity sharply delays their consideration. To mitigate the severity of the cited obstacle, I formulated and feature in this article the hot list strategy. The hot list strategy asks the researcher to choose, usually from among the input statements characterizing the problem under study, one or more statements that are conjectured to play a key role for assignment completion. The chosen statements – conjectured to merit revisiting, again and again – are placed in an input list of statements, called the hot list. When an automated reasoning program has decided to retain a new conclusion C – before any other statement is chosen to initiate conclusion drawing – the presence of a nonempty hot list (with an appropriate assignment of the input parameter known as heat) causes each inference rule in use to be applied to C together with the appropriate number of members of the hot list. Members of the hot list are used to complete applications of inference rules and not to initiate applications. The use of the hot list strategy thus enables an automated reasoning program to briefly consider a newly retained conclusion whose complexity would otherwise prevent its use for perhaps many CPU-hours. To give evidence of the value of the strategy, I focus on four contexts: (1) dramatically reducing the CPU time required to reach a desired goal, (2) finding a proof of a theorem that had previously resisted all but the more inventive automated attempts, (3) discovering a proof that is more elegant than previously known, and (4) answering a question that had steadfastly eluded researchers relying on an automated reasoning program. I also discuss a related strategy, the dynamic hot list strategy (formulated by my colleague W. McCune), that enables the program during a run to augment the contents of the hot list. In the Appendix, I give useful input files and interesting proofs. Because of frequent requests to do so, I include challenge problems to consider, commentary on my approach to experimentation and research, and suggestions to guide one in the use of McCune’s automated reasoning program OTTER.
Surface Chemistry of CVD Reactions Studied by Molecular Beam/Surface Scattering

A molecular beam/surface scattering experiment in an ultrahigh vacuum is conceptually a simulation of a CVD reactor without the interference from gas phase and wall reactions. The surface chemistry can be studied in real-time during the deposition reaction at the desired temperature. In our experiment, we used pulsed molecular beams of the reactants and a mass spectrometer to monitor In real-time the reaction products evolving from the substrate surface. With this arrangement, the reaction probability of the molecules can readily be determined by measuring the unreacted fraction of the molecular beam. The reaction pathways can be deduced from the Identification of the reaction products, while their time-evolutions give the kinetic parameters. We shall illustrate this technique by our study on the reactions of trimethylgallium and triethylgallium on GaAs as related to the metalorganic CVD and atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs.
A multiple configuration 1.2 micron 64 K SRAM fabricated on SIMOX substrates with laser link redundancy

Summary form only given. A high-speed, radiation-hardened, architecturally configurable (single metal mask) 64 K SRAM is discussed. Two configurations, the 64 K*1 and 8 K*8, have been built and 100% functional dies have been tested. Typical measured chip enable access times are under 35 nS for the 64 K*1 version, with minimum write times of 15 ns. The process features 1.2- mu m minimum geometries and dual-level metal, single-level polysilicon interconnect. First metal pitch is 3.6 mu m, second metal pitch is 3.8 mu m, and polysilicon pitch is 2.6 mu m. 1.2- mu m contacts and 1.8- mu m vias are utilized for interlayer connections. A thin 0.4- mu m epitaxial layer is grown on a SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) substrate allowing for fully bottomed source and drain areas. Lateral isolation is provided by vertical trenches. Nominal gate oxide thickness is 225 A. Laser opened second metal layer links are used to implement redundancy capability for yield improvement. >
One-hour and eight-hour average ozone in the California South Coast air quality management district: trends in peak values and sensitivity to precursors

Exceedences of the 1 and 8 h O3 air quality standard were identified for 24 routine air quality monitor stations in the California South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) from 1980 to 2001. Yearly trends, temporal and spatial distributions of O3 exceedences and ‘‘weekend effect’’ on O3 exceedences are presented. There were considerably more exceedences of the 8 h O3 standard than exceedences of the 1 h standard in the period of 1997–2001. Prescursor control strategies in the AQMD were very successful in controlling O3 with dramatic reductions in the frequency of days on which both the 1 and 8 h O3 standards were exceeded in 1990s. However, there was less reduction in frequency of moderate exceedences of the 8 h standard, where ‘‘moderate’’ was defined as the day on which 8 h average O3 exceeded 80 ppb but the peak hour O3 was o120 ppb. Observation-Based Methods (OBMs) were used to determine a possible shift in O3 control strategies for attaining the 8 h standard. The photochemical indicator, extent of reaction, was calculated for the days with exceedence of the 1 or 8 h O3 standards. Analysis of the results indicates that the promulgation of an 8 h standard would significantly increase the number of non-attainment in station days in the AQMD. The O3 control in the AQMD was general VOCs control benefit. The new 8 h O3 standard would lend the O3 control strategy little more VOCs control benefit. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A semi-empirical model of the MOSFET's small-signal drain conductance in saturation for analog circuit design

A semiempirical model for the incremental drain conductance g/sub d/ of the long-channel MOSFET in saturation which is useful for hand analysis of MOS amplifiers is presented. The model's accuracy is higher than that of current commercial simulators and comparable to the parameter spread observed in current VLSI processes. Important modeling errors in the standard SPICE model for g/sub d/ are pointed out. >
The Neurobehavioural Rating Scale: Replication in an acute, inpatient rehabilitation setting

The Neurobehavioural Rating Scale (NRS) was developed to allow quantification of clinical observations of the behaviour of individuals following traumatic head injury. Initial validation of this instrument reported satisfactory interobserver reliability, as well as preliminary support for its validity in differentiating both severity and chronicity of head injury. In the present study, reliability and content validity of the NRS were replicated using a population of severe head injury patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Concurrent, independent assessment using the NRS was conducted weekly by two members of an inpatient, traumatic head injury team. Acceptable levels of interobserver reliability were found, despite less control over observed behaviour in the naturalistic setting used. Content validity was also supported in this replication, although recommendations for ‘tightening’ the NRS included better definition of the seven-point severity rating for each item, as well as potential deletion of...
THE SERIES IRON OXIDES‐SILICA*

A review is presented of the previous work by the writer on the general series FeO-Fe2Os-SiO2-CaO (MgO) as related to steelmaking slags, in which 12 quasi-quaternary mineral systems are formed. A “plane of partition” of the iron oxides (FeO and Fe2O3) is also shown to exist. A method is explained by which, having a partial analysis of a slag, the position of the slag in the representative tetrahedron may be found and the series of minerals formed may be determined. The present paper is a study of the system iron oxides-silica under conditions of formation with and without the presence of metallic iron. In the former case, two distinct eutectiferous series are formed, viz., (a) wustite-fayalite and (b) fayalite-tridy-mite. The reducing power of metallic iron is so great that substantially the same proportions of FeO and Fe2O3 are obtained when melting is conducted either under strongly oxidizing conditions or in a neutral atmosphere. A “eutectoid” between magnetite and tridymite contains equal molecular proportions of SiO2 and Fe3O4. When iron oxide and silica are heated at 1600°C or higher in siliceous crucibles, the resulting melts consist essentially of tridymite and magnetite, forming an entirely different series than that obtained by melting in the presence of metallic iron. In connection with both series of melts, ferric oxide exhibits a much greater affinity for ferrous oxide than for silica.
Adaptive off-diagonal MIMO canceller (ODMC) for VDSL upstream self FEXT mitigation

This contribution presents a linear off-diagonal MIMO canceller (ODMC) that aims at mitigating the upstream self far-end cross-talk (FEXT) that severely impacts the performance of very high speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) services at the central office (CO). The ODMC operates per frequency and is thus well suited for DMT-based VDSL systems. We introduce a low complexity and low latency adaptive algorithm that converges towards the optimum ODMC that simultaneously maximizes the distributed Shannon capacities of the upstream links, under mild assumptions for nominal VDSL systems. The adaptive algorithm does not require any matrix inversion and is designed to learn and engage the ODMC seamlessly while operating in data mode. Further, we prove that the optimum ODMC approximately achieves FEXT-free capacity. Simulations show that the FEXT-free capacity can be achieved in roughly 200 iterations.
The institutional environment for B2B e-commerce adoption: a quantitative study of electronics and textiles firms in Greater China and the USA

Grounding on the institutional theory and IT adoption literature, we conduct a quantitative analysis assessing the effects of industrial, governmental, regulatory and cultural factors on the initial stages of B2B e-commerce adoption. Our analysis is based on a survey data collected from electronics and textiles firms in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and the USA, reflecting business perceptions of institutional environments in emerging and traditional industries and in developing, newly industrialised and developed economies. The results of our analysis indicate that industrial and governmental encouragements are the most powerful facilitators at the beginning of B2B e-commerce adoption. There are also significant cultural and country-level effects. The study confirms that institutional environments exert an important influence on organisations' decisions on whether or not to adopt e-commerce. It is one of the first cross-country and industry-level empirical studies on institutional environments and the research results have policy implications for global e-commerce development.
Utilization of granular solidification during terrestrial locomotion of hatchling sea turtles

Biological terrestrial locomotion occurs on substrate materials with a range of rheological behaviour, which can affect limb-ground interaction, locomotor mode and performance. Surfaces like sand, a granular medium, can display solid or fluid-like behaviour in response to stress. Based on our previous experiments and models of a robot moving on granular media, we hypothesize that solidification properties of granular media allow organisms to achieve performance on sand comparable to that on hard ground. We test this hypothesis by performing a field study examining locomotor performance (average speed) of an animal that can both swim aquatically and move on land, the hatchling Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Hatchlings were challenged to traverse a trackway with two surface treatments: hard ground (sandpaper) and loosely packed sand. On hard ground, the claw use enables no-slip locomotion. Comparable performance on sand was achieved by creation of a solid region behind the flipper that prevents slipping. Yielding forces measured in laboratory drag experiments were sufficient to support the inertial forces at each step, consistent with our solidification hypothesis.
Haptic modeling based on contact and motion types

When a held object interacts with another object (in a task such as assembly), the haptic force and moment felt by the operator at any instant depend not only on the contact region but also on the type of the contact state and the type of motion of the held object prior to reaching the current contact configuration, especially in the presence of friction and gravity. In this paper, we address the influence of contact state and motion types on haptic force and moment and present an efficient method to model such haptic effects resulted from the interaction of two convex polyhedral solids, taking into account friction and gravity.
ESS dot com

Abstract Background : The Internet is a rich but unregulated source of information, and no studies have evaluated sleep medicine content designed for patient or public use. Objective : To examine how the Epworth Sleepiness Scale is presented on the World Wide Web. Methods : We searched the web with eight search engines, in November 2000, for the terms ‘ESS' or ‘Epworth Sleepiness Scale' and examined every site that listed the full ESS. Results : The 91 sites were sponsored by academic institutions ( n =11), private medical groups (34), corporations (21), and web information services (25). No information on interpretation of ESS results was given by 24 (26%) of the sites; 37 (41%) of the sites stated that a score greater than 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 merits consultation with a clinician. Few sites mentioned that insufficient sleep and depression are among the most common causes of excessive sleepiness, or that the meaning and value of the ESS are somewhat controversial. Conclusion : The ESS is widely available on web sites designed for public use, but information that would allow appropriate interpretation of results is often lacking, misleading, or incomplete.
The Management of Open Fractures

This is a review of Medline and PubMed articles on open fractures published in the English literature between 1945 and April 2005. The emphasis of most published articles has been placed on definitive treatment of these injuries at sophisticated referral hospitals. The prehospital emphasis has been on rapid evacuation and referral to ensure that definitive treatment can be initiated as quickly as possible. Little has been discussed about the management of these injuries in remote settings where evacuation may consume considerably more time. Contemporary recommendations for management of these injuries are reviewed.
Student insight on the value of performing medication histories independently in a live outpatient setting

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to gather insight on how P4 students perceive the benefits of a medication history-taking activity. Design Students were required to complete chart reviews, reconcile medications, and identify drug-related problems prior to performing live medication histories with patients. Following completion of this assignment, students were asked to write a reflection about the overall process, what they learned, and what surprises they experienced. Reflections were analyzed using a basic qualitative approach. Assessment A total of 24 reflection essays were analyzed. Five themes emerged. The activity increased student confidence, taught the meaning of interprofessional work, raised awareness of pharmacist impact, improved understanding of individualized care, and helped recognize that foundational knowledge is necessary to function in practice. Conclusions Performing live medication histories helped students refine skills necessary to function as a pharmacist and fostered the evolution of their views and attitudes of the pharmacy profession.
Better the Devil You Know? Autocracy, State Failure, and Human Rights

This paper tests an essential Hobbesian claim on order and the state of nature by asking: are human rights systematically worse under a stable autocrat or in a failed autocracy? With the rising incidence of autocratic failure, it is imperative to know exactly how detrimental failures are to human rights. This paper uses currently available data to compare physical integrity rights under periods of autocratic failure to the same rights under autocratic stability, concluding that physical integrity rights are systematically far worse in failed autocracies. The absence of central authority appears to be the root cause behind this dierence, though the proximate cause seems to lie rmly with warring
Bringing attention to a need for a standardized treatment and weaning protocol for neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to in-utero opioid exposure has increased 5-fold in the U.S. since 2000, with an incidence of 5.8 per 1,000 live births. NAS now accounts for 3% of all admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), with associated NICU hospitalization costs of approximately $53,000 per infant. Fifty percent to 80% of opioid-exposed infants require extensive pharmacologic treatment for withdrawal symptoms with an average length of hospitalization of three weeks, with a large range from one week to over a month. This variability is due to a variety of maternal-infant factors such as methadone versus buprenorphine exposure, infant feeding method, ability to room-in with the infant, genetic factors, and co-exposures to nicotine, illicit drugs, and psychiatric medications.
α-Hemolysin nanopore studies reveal strong interactions between biogenic polyamines and DNA hairpins

The α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore analyzes DNA as it is electrophoretically driven through the pore. The respective current vs. time (i-t) traces depends on the DNA sequence, its secondary structures, or on the physical conditions of the analysis. The current study describes analysis of a DNA hairpin with a 5'-extension with the α-HL nanopore in the presence of the polyamines spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), and putrescine (Put). These studies identified a new i-t trace characteristic of the DNA-polyamine complex. Voltage-dependent studies determined that the hairpin-Spm complex formed with excess Spm was not unzipped and translocated through the pore even when the voltage was increased to 180 mV. The DNA hairpin sample was titrated with Spm, Spd, or Put that showed a dose-dependent response in the characteristic event patterns for hairpins bound to Spm or Spd, but not for Put. Plots of the event types vs. count were used to calculate binding constants for the Spm or Spd hairpin interactions under these conditions. The titration also demonstrated that the event rate decreased ~10-fold when the Spm or Spd concentration was increased from 0 to 4 mM. These observations impose practical limitations on the ability to use Spm or Spd for DNA studies with the α-HL nanopore.
Investigation on porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (Knox County, IN, USA) under geological CO 2 sequestration conditions: a numerical simulation approach

A numerical model was developed to simulate reactive transport with porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (samples from Knox County, IN, USA) after 180 days of exposure to CO2-saturated brine under CO2 sequestration conditions. The model predicted formation of a high-porosity zone adjacent to the surface of the sample in contact with bulk brine, and a lower porosity zone just beyond that high-porosity zone along the path from the sample/bulk brine interface to sample core. The formation of the high porosity zone was attributed to the dissolution of quartz and muscovite/illite, while the formation of the lower porosity zone adjacent to the high porosity zone was attributed to precipitation of kaolinite and feldspar. The model predicted a 40% permeability increase for the Knox sandstone sample after 180 days of exposure to CO2-saturated brine, which was consistent with laboratory-measured permeability results. Model-predicted solution chemistry results were also found to be consistent with laboratory-measured solution chemistry data. Initial porosity, initial feldspar content, and the exponent n value (determined by pore structure and tortuosity) used in permeability calculations were three important factors affecting permeability evolution of sandstone samples under CO2 sequestration conditions.
If You Can't Measure Performance, Can You Improve It?

Coauthor Pinka Chatterji, PhD, said it appears that maternal depression related to having to return to work early is transitory. For some women, returning to work might actually relieve stress by providing structure, income, and even enjoyment, said Chatterji, an associate professor of economics at the University of Albany. However, “on average, mothers would benefit from having access to longer leave,” she said. Although only a dream for most, 6 months seems to be the optimal maternity leave duration for minimizing mothers’ depressivesymptoms(DagherRKetal.JHealth Polit Policy Law. 2014; 39[2]:369-416). For reasons that aren’t clear, a maternity leave longer than 6 months increased mothers’ risk of depression.
The effect of Hemophilus pertussis sensitization on the increase of susceptibility of mice to infection by a saprophyte.

We carried out experiments with different strains of mice: CFW, CF-1, from Carworth Farms; two strains from Millerton Research Farm: hybrid C-58 (F-l) and Princeton; C3H from Jackson Memorial Laboratories, and others. For sensitization we injected commercial pertussis vaccine, which is used for immunization of children against whooping cough. The mice received large doses which, however, were well tolerated. Our technique consisted of giving intraperitoneal injections on two consecutive days; altogether about 15 billion cells of killed H. pertussis organisms. In our experiments the death rate among sensitized mice was negligible; also, no loss of weight was observed. Five to seven days after vaccination the mice attained the peak of hypersensitivity, which faded gradually during several weeks.
Changes in the tissue radiosodium space associated with experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever in guinea pigs.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever in human beings is often characterized by evidences of increased capillary permeability and of an altered distribution of body fluids and electrolytes?for example, hemorrhagic phenomena, edema, and peripheral circulatory collapse.1 Previous studies2 on domestic rabbits with experimentally induced infections showed the abnormal physiologic changes to be of a magnitude comparable to those found in patients with a mild case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.3 Since a more severe form of the
Relation of Oil Type, Deposit, and Soaking to Effects of Spray Oils on Photosynthesis in Citrus Leaves

This investigation concerns the effects of varying hydrocarbon composition and molecular size of spray oils on inhibition of photosynthesis in citrus leaves and their recovery with time after application. Effects were measured by determining regressions of inhibition of photosynthesis on amount of oil applied. Preselected known deposits of oil were applied to potted, single-leaf, rooted stem cuttings by means of a precision vertical spraying tower. Photosynthesis was measured by the Warburg procedure using a modified apparatus equipped with lights and temperature control bycmeans of either refrigeration or heat. No sonsistent inhibition of photosynthesis of Eureka lemon or Bearss lime leaves occurred with California light-medium or medium-grade spray oils at the deposit level of 150 µg. oil/sq. cm. of leaf surface, an amount sufficient for the control of California reel scale and citrus red mite. Since the plants in the laboratory experiments were kept in the glasshouse they were not exposed to the ultra-violet components of sunlight. Data taken with leaves from trees sprayed in the field support the conclusion that ultra-violet light is not an important factor in the effect of spray oil on the photosynthesis of citrus leaves following application of amounts of oil necessary to control citrus pests. A definite relation between inhibition of photosynthesis and increasing oil deposit was found in the deposit range of 300 to 600 µg. oil/sq. cm. of leaf surface; however, the data showed that the response to small increments of oil would be slight. Recovery of photosynthesis occurred in less time in plants treated with napthenic oils than in those treated with paraffinic oils. The principal effect on photosynthesis occurs in the tissue of the leaf marked by the dark discoloration known as oil soaking. During the first week after application, photosynthesis was inhibited 50 to 60% in the oil-soaked tissue. Tests with the tetrazolium reaction showed that the cells of the discolored tissue arc not killed. Inhibition of photosynthesis seems to be the result of interference with gaseous exchange caused by the presence of the spray oil. Dissipation of the oil is accompanied by recovery of photosynthesis with a log10relation to time.
Entangling a Post-Reflexivity Through Post-Intentional Phenomenology

In this article, we amplify the post in post-intentional phenomenology to demonstrate some of the unique possibilities this methodology might afford qualitative researchers interested in experiment...
Endothelial cell studies in patients after photorefractive keratectomy for hyperopia.

PURPOSE: To report central and peripheral corneal endothelial cell studies performed as part of the VISX hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) clinical trial. METHODS: During this prospective, multicenter clinical trial, which was part of an FDA investigation, endothelial cell specular microscopy was done at five centers. Non-contact central and peripheral cell density, percent hexagonality, and coefficient of variability of cell size were obtained using the Konan Noncon Robo SP-8000FA with BAMBI analysis software. Data were gathered at baseline and at 1, 6, and 12 months after hyperopic PRK. RESULTS: Analysis of results of 171 eyes demonstrated no statistically significant detrimental changes in the corneal endothelium at any postoperative time point. The statistically significant changes noted were interpreted as an improvement in cell morphology and were attributed to the cessation of contact lens wear following treatment. CONCLUSION: Hyperopic PRK with the VISX STAR S2 Excimer Laser System produced no statistically significant adverse effect on the corneal endothelium.
Determination of Boron Concentration in Tissues by Means of Alpha Autoradiography

The accurate measurement of total boron content in biological samples with a sensitivity in the ppm range is essential for evaluating the potential usefulness of various tumor localizing boron-containing compounds for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)1. A group of analytical procedures for boron quantitation are those involving nuclear methods. These include the detection of alpha particles resulting from the 10B(n,α,γ)7Li reaction by means of alpha track autoradiography2,3 and the measurement of gamma photons, by means of prompt gamma analysis4. The purpose of the present study was to develop alpha track autoradiography for microdistribution studies. It utilizes a solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD), CR-39, which is composed of a polycarbonate resin, to record the charged products of the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF STACKING FAULTS

A stacking fault is considered as a local region of strain distinct from the surrounding unstrained lattice. For a stacking fault of area ∆A, if γ is the stacking fault energy, γ·∆A=∆G>0, where ∆G is the change in free energy in the faulted region when the fault is formed. It is shown that the dependence of ∆G on temperature T may be expressed(1/∆G)(∂∆G/∂T)=−B/kT 2where B>0, and k is the Boltzmann constant. Further, for a stacking fault on a close-packed plane in a non-allotropic material, (1/γ)(∂γ/∂T)<0. For an otherwise perfect crystal, a higher strain state exists in the faulted region than in the surrounding unstrained lattice. The lowest energy states of the unstrained lattice do not exist in the faulted region; this factor is dominant in B which includes effects of changes in elastic moduli.
Prophylactic Risk-Reducing Surgery for Breast Cancer

Advances in the understanding of the genetics and biology of breast cancer are defining patients at increased risk for the development of breast cancer. Prophylactic risk-reducing mastectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are very good options for reducing breast cancer risk in selected patients with elevated breast cancer risk. Technical approaches to prophylactic surgery are evolving and are leading to improved patient cosmetic outcomes and lower morbidity. Decisions regarding utilization of these procedures for patients should take into account a specific patient’s risk for developing breast cancer based on genetic, family, and personal medical history; patient age; and comorbid conditions. Limitations of prophylactic surgical approaches, alternatives, and side effects of prophylactic operations should also be considered carefully with patients who are considering these surgical interventions for breast cancer risk reduction.
Inevitability of Genetic Parasites

Almost all cellular life forms are hosts to diverse genetic parasites with various levels of autonomy including plasmids, transposons and viruses. Theoretical modeling of the evolution of primordial replicators indicates that parasites (cheaters) necessarily evolve in such systems and can be kept at bay primarily via compartmentalization. Given the (near) ubiquity, abundance and diversity of genetic parasites, the question becomes pertinent: are such parasites intrinsic to life? At least in prokaryotes, the persistence of parasites is linked to the rate of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). We mathematically derive the threshold value of the minimal transfer rate required for selfish element persistence, depending on the element duplication and loss rates as well as the cost to the host. Estimation of the characteristic gene duplication, loss and transfer rates for transposons, plasmids and virus-related elements in multiple groups of diverse bacteria and archaea indicates that most of these rates are compatible with the long term persistence of parasites. Notably, a small but non-zero rate of HGT is also required for the persistence of non-parasitic genes. We hypothesize that cells cannot tune their horizontal transfer rates to be below the threshold required for parasite persistence without experiencing highly detrimental side-effects. As a lower boundary to the minimum DNA transfer rate that a cell can withstand, we consider the process of genome degradation and mutational meltdown of populations through Muller's ratchet. A numerical assessment of this hypothesis suggests that microbial populations cannot purge parasites while escaping Muller's ratchet. Thus, genetic parasites appear to be virtually inevitable in cellular organisms.
Host-Microsporidia Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans, a Model Nematode Host

Microsporidia comprise a phylum of obligate intracellular pathogens related to fungi that infect virtually all animals. Recently, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed as a convenient model for studying microsporidia infection in a whole-animal host through the identification and characterization of a natural microsporidian pathogen of this commonly studied laboratory organism. The C. elegans natural microsporidian pathogen is named Nematocida parisii, and it causes a lethal intestinal infection in C. elegans. Comparison of the genomes of N. parisii and its closely related species Nematocida sp. 1, together with the genomes of other microsporidian species, has provided insight into the evolutionary events that led to the emergence of the large, specialized microsporidia phylum. Cell biology studies of N. parisii infection in C. elegans have shown how N. parisii restructures host intestinal cells and, in particular, how it hijacks host exocytosis for nonlytic exit to facilitate transmission. Recent results also show how the host responds to infection with ubiquitin-mediated responses, and how a natural variant of C. elegans is able to clear N. parisii infection, but only during early life. Altogether, these studies provide insight into the mechanisms of microsporidia pathogenesis using a whole-animal host.
Estimation of Decay of the Solutions of Initial-Boundary-Value Problem for the System of Semilinear Equations of Magnetoelasticity in Exterior Domains

We study the behavior as t → ∞ of strong solutions of the initial-boundary-value problem for the system of semilinear equations of magnetoelasticity in exterior domains. For the vectors of magnetic induction and displacements, the estimates of decay are obtained in L ∞ and in the Sobolev spaces of fractional order, respectively.
FUNGI IN FOODS--I. EFFECT OF INHIBITOR AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON ENUMERATION

Antibiotics were far superior to acidification for controlling bacteria when counting fungi in foods. Yeast and mold counts from Potato Dextrose Agar containing antibiotics were much higher than those obtained in the acidified medium, and growth of bacteria was never a problem. When incubation temperatures of 32 and 22 C were compared, more colonies appeared at 22 C.
Finding source domain triggers: How corpus methodologies aid in the analysis of conceptual metaphor

Much recent research on figurative language and conceptual metaphor theory derives from corpus examination, and analysts are increasingly focused on the development of quantificational tools to reveal co-occurrence patterns indicative of source and target domain associations. Some mappings between source and target are transparent and appear in collocation patterns in natural language data. However, other metaphors, especially those that structure abstract processes, are more complex because the target domain is lexically divorced from the source. Using economic discourse as a case study, this paper introduces new techniques directed at the quantitative evaluation of metaphorical occurrence when target and source relationships are nonobvious. Constellations of source-domain triggers are identified in the data and shown to disproportionately emerge in topic-specific discourse.
Clinical Relevance of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Profiling in Acute Leukemias.

Abstract 2633 Poster Board II-609 The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a major role in the homeostasis of cellular proteins: chymotrypsin-like (Ch-L), caspase-like (Cas-L), and trypsin-like (Tr-L). The UPS system is involved in most critical cellular processes and its role in oncogenesis is well established. Here we compared UPS protein levels (proteasome and ubiquitin) and proteasome enzymatic activities in peripheral blood plasma from newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n=147), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n=34?), or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS ; n=27), and 99 apparently healthy control subjects. Proteasome and ubiquitin were measured using immunoassays based on electro-chemiluminescence technology. The proteasome enzymatic activities were measure using a standard enzymatic assay utilizing fluorogenic peptide-AMC substrate. By normalizing these enzymatic activities to the levels of proteasome protein in plasma, we also determined specific proteasome enzyme activities (Ch-L/p, Cas-L/p, and Tr-L, respectively). AML, ALL, and MDS patients all had high levels of proteasome protein, ubiquitin, and enzymatic activities relative to control subjects. However, each specific enzyme activity in general was lower in all 3 disease groups than in control subjects, which suggests that each proteasome has lower enzymatic activity in blast cells but we cannot rule out that the number of proteasomes might be increased. Despite these similarities, AML, ALL, and MDS each exhibited a specific profile of UPS protein and enzymatic activities . Proteasome protein levels and enzymatic activities also correlated with clinical behavior. In AML, proteasome protein level was a strong predictor of survival as a both a continuous (P Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Social correlates of health status, quality of life, and mood states in patients treated with cannabidiol for epilepsy

Social characteristics, such as socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity, play a role in the treatment and outcomes of patients with epilepsy (PWE), but little is known about how these factors affect patients receiving cannabidiol (CBD) to treat seizures. This exploratory study examined the sociodemographic profile of patients treated with CBD (n=80) and associations between social factors and patient-centered outcomes - overall health status, Quality of Life in Epilepsy-89 (QOLIE-89), and Profile of Mood States (POMS) - in this population. Associations were examined using Pearson correlations and multiple ordinary-least-squares regression (alpha=0.1). The sample was predominantly white (96%) and non-Hispanic/Latino (96%); 76% of patients had family incomes of $40,000+/year. Some patients/families reported experiencing food scarcity (13%), not being able to make ends meet (6%), or not being able to afford antiepileptic medications (8%). The patients' health ratings declined with age and income (p≤0.014), and there was a statistically significant interaction (p<0.055) between these variables: for example, a higher-income 10-year-old had a predicted health rating of 3 ("very good"), followed by a higher-income 40-year-old with a rating of 2 ("good"), a low-income 10-year-old with a rating of 1 ("fair"), and a low-income 40-year-old with a rating of 0 ("poor"). This is the first study reporting the social profile of patients taking pharmaceutical grade CBD for the treatment of epilepsy. The results suggest that despite free access to this treatment some patients may not be accessing CBD because of their socioeconomic situation or race/ethnicity. Larger, diverse samples and longitudinal data are needed to more accurately model social factors and patient-centered outcomes in PWE receiving CBD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Cannabinoids and Epilepsy".
Parenteral hydration (PH) in advanced cancer patients: A multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.

9025 Background: The vast majority of cancer patients at the end of life receive PH in hospitals and no PH in hospice. There is limited evidence supporting either practice. Our preliminary study su...
ASIAN AMERICAN ADULT CHILDREN AS CAREGIVERS FOR THEIR AGING PARENTS: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

This session is focused on adult children, particularly those with Asian ethnic backgrounds, who are caregivers for their aging parents. Specifically, this session will investigate how ethnic background affects caregiving roles and attitudes, positively or negatively. Studies show, for example, that those from Asian ethnic backgrounds often feel a greater obligation to take care of their older parents—often framed as filial piety. The expectations, roles, and consequent stress levels associated with these cultural caregiving values are of particular interest in this session. Identifying the differences in immigration history, acculturation, generational differences, and cultural values and norms within each Asian American sub-population is important in understanding these caregiver roles and expectations. The session draws from scholarly gerontology literature and adopts a Public Health perspective to organize existing studies and suggest appropriate support and interventions for Asian American adult children caregivers.
Applying inventory classification to a large inventory management system

Inventory classification aims to ensure that business-driving inventory items are efficiently managed in spite of constrained resources. There are numerous single- and multiple-criteria approaches to it. Our objective is to improve resource allocation to focus on items that can lead to high equipment availability. This concern is typical of many service industries such as military logistics, airlines, amusement parks and public works. Our study tests several inventory prioritization techniques and finds that a modified multi-criterion weighted non-linear optimization (WNO) technique is a powerful approach for classifying inventory, outperforming traditional techniques of inventory prioritization such as ABC analysis in a variety of performance objectives.
Herbicide-Treated Mulches for Weed Control in Nursery Container Crops

Abstract Weed control is the largest expense faced in the nursery and landscape industries. Nursery growers spend $967 to $2,228/A, depending on species, for supplemental hand weeding in addition to three to four yearly herbicide applications. Herbicide-treated mulches have utility in addressing many current nursery/landscape weed control issues such as non-target herbicide losses, leaching and off-site herbicide movement, and reduction of weed control costs. The objectives of this study were to compare seven types of mulches, including Douglas fir nuggets, pine nuggets, shredded hardwood, shredded Cypress, PennMulch™, rice hulls, and cocoa shells sprayed with Surflan [aqueous solution (AS) (oryzalin) at 1.12 (0.5×) and 2.24 (1×) kg ai/ha (1.0 and 2.0 lb ai/A)] and SureGuard [(water dispersible granular (WDG) (flumioxazin) at 0.19 (0.5×) and 0.38 (1×) kg ai/ha (0.17 and 0.34 lb ai/A)] to determine efficacy on common chickweed (Stellaria media), annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and spotted spurge (Chamaesyce h...
Teledermatology: Kids are not just little people

Teledermatology has emerged as a promising solution for pediatric and adult patients accessing dermatologic care in a health care environment fraught with barriers to access. Teledermatology has been extensively evaluated in terms of diagnostic accuracy, clinical outcomes, patient and provider satisfaction, and costs, relative to traditional health care delivery models. Current research indicates that teledermatology is effective and efficient in diagnosis and management of skin diseases. The majority of studies on the subject, however, rely on adult patient data. Pediatric patients, with their unique clinical features and challenges, may interact with telemedicine differently than their adult counterparts. Maximizing the benefits of teledermatology in pediatric dermatologic care is dependent on future research. We review and analyze the commonalities and differences between pediatric and adult patient care using teledermatology.
The Medial Premotor Cortex as a Bridge from Internal Timekeeping to Action.

Animals have a remarkable ability to keep time both with and without cues, as humans know from experience. Whether for dancing, making music in a group, playing sports, or speaking with another, we often seamlessly detect environmental cues, cognitively analyze them, and coordinate our behavior to
High-rate germanium gamma spectroscopy: A sensitivity study

Many applications require the generation of gamma spectra at event rates in excess of 106 s−1 as well as very good energy resolution, e.g., safeguards, emergency response, and nondestructive assay. Good energy resolution is especially important when lower activity isotopes are sought among a large background (or foreground) that would otherwise dominate the spectrum, such as the minor actinides present in spent fuel after a long cool down time. To this end, we anticipate that high-energy-resolution detectors, such as high-purity germanium, can be adapted to high rates at a small cost to energy resolution, rather than starting with a detector with high-rate capability and medium energy resolution, e.g., LaBr 3 . Here, we present recent design improvements of the ultra high-rate germanium (UHRGe) detection system to allow for a 24-channel spectrum generation output. Further, we present a sensitivity study to determine how uncertainties in parameters of the detection system response affect the resulting spectra. A preamplifier simulator is developed that can emulate the output of the system at various event rates, including very high rates in excess of 106 s−1. Here, we show how various levels of uncertainty in the DC offset of the preamplifier output can affect the full width at half max (FWHM) of the resulting spectrum.