cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Organization of Random Cellular Automata: Four Snapshots

We discuss four very simple random cellular automaton (CA) systems that self-organize over time. The first is a directed interface process which stabilizes in a coherent statistical equilibrium. The second is a model for excitable media: nucleating spiral cores lead to a locally periodic final state. The third model is a prototype for curvature-driven clustering. And the fourth illustrates the evolution of complex viable structures near phase boundaries in a parameterized family of non-linear population dynamics. For each CA we present a mix of rigorous results, conjectures, and empirical findings based on computer experimentation.
Asymmetric ditransitive constructions: Evidence from Korean

This paper investigates the underlying structures of the two ditransitive constructions in Korean, the postpositional dative construction (realized as [Dative–Accusative]) and the double object construction (realized as [Accusative–Accusative]). We evaluate two approaches proposed in the literature, Harley's (1997, 2002) symmetric theory and Bruening's (2010) asymmetric theory in the sense of Marantz's (1993) applicative analysis: Harley's approach is symmetric since it posits a symmetric structure for the two constructions, whereas Bruening's approach is asymmetric because it posits a different structure for each construction. We draw data from quantifier scope, nominalizations, and ditransitive idioms in Korean which have not been systematically discussed in the literature, and show that they lend support to the proposed asymmetric theory that the double object construction in Korean, unlike its dative counterpart, is introduced by an applicative head. We also argue how the observed patterns in Korean cannot be reconciled with the Harley-type structures. The result of the discussion will show that despite the lack of the overt morphology Korean can be added to the inventory of languages that has a double object construction with applicative characteristics.
Automorphisms of strongly regular graphs with applications to partial difference sets

In this article we generalize a theorem of Benson (J Algebra 15:443---454, 1970) for generalized quadrangles to strongly regular graphs, deriving numerical restrictions on the number of fixed vertices and the number of vertices mapped to adjacent vertices under an automorphism. We then use this result to develop a few new techniques to study regular partial difference sets (PDS) in Abelian groups. Ma (Des Codes Cryptogr 4:221---261, 1994) provided a list of parameter sets of regular PDS with $$k\le 100$$k≤100 in Abelian groups for which existence was known or had not been excluded. In particular there were 32 parameter sets for which existence was not known. Ma (J Stat Plan Inference 62:47---56, 1997) excluded 13 of these parameter sets. As an application of our results we here exclude the existence of a regular partial difference set for all but two of the undecided parameter sets from Ma's list.
Reflections on “What is Ecosystem Management?”

I review 10 dominant themes of ecosystem management described in the paper “What is Ecosystem Management?” (Grumbine 1994a) based on feedback received from managers actively implementing ecosystem management projects in the field. My emphasis is on practical advice from working professionals for working professionals. Key points include the importance of managing for ecological integrity, the need for social as well as scientific data, suggestions for implementing cooperation strategies and conservation partnerships, a pragmatic definition of adaptive management, and first steps toward changing the structure of natural resource organizations. As ecosystem management evolves, the pressure for change within traditional resource management agencies appears to be reaching a critical point. Revise ten temas dominantes de manejo de ecosistemas descritos en el documento “?Que es el manejo de ecosistemas?” (Grumbine 1994a) basado en la retroalimentacion recibida de manejadores que activamente implementan proyectos de manejo de ecosistemas en el campo. Mi enfasis es en el consejo practico de profesionistas que trabajan hacia profesionistas que trabajan. Recomendaciones clave incluyen la importancia de manejar para la integridad ecologica, la necesidad de datos sociales, asi como cientificos, sugerencias para la implementacion de estrategias de cooperacion y conservacion compartida, una definicion de manejo adaptable y los primeros pasos hacia el cambio de las estructuras organizacionales de los recursos naturales. Asi como el manejo de los ecosistemas cambia, la presion de cambio dentro de las agencias tradicionales de manejo de recursos aparentemente esta alcanzando una masa critica.
Double-tree scan: a novel low-power scan-path architecture

In a scan-based system with a large number of flip-flops, a major component of power is consumed during scanshift and clocking operation in test mode. In this paper, a novel scan-path architecture called double-tree scan (DTS) is proposed that drastically reduces the scan-shift and clock activity during testing. The inherent combinatorial properties of double-tree structure are employed to design the scan architecture, clock gating logic, and a simple shift controller. The design is independent of the structure of the circuit-under-test (CUT) or its test set. It provides a significant reduction both in instantaneous and average power needed for clocking and scan-shifting. The architecture fits well to built-in self-test (BIST) scheme under random testing, as well as to deterministic test environment.
Fibroma regression in relation to antibody and challenge immunity to bovine papilloma virus.

Twelve neonate calves were repeatedly challenged with bovine papilloma virus. All calves were initially susceptible to bovine papilloma virus and complete resistance to challenge occurred after the onset of fibroma regression. Fibroma regression was not correlated with serum antibody titers to bovine papilloma virus as measured by an immunodiffusion assay. Fibroma regression occurred prior to the onset of papillomatosis in 8 of the calves. In the 4 calves that had later fibroma regression, after the onset of papillomatosis, the fibromas regressed, but fibropapillomas continued to grow progressively.
The U.S. Digital TV Transition: Time to Toss the Negroponte Switch

Year-end 2006 is scheduled as the date when 1,500 TV stations cease analog broadcasts, continuing in digital format only. Yet, according to a safeguard provision, analog stations will remain in any TV market where fewer than 85 percent of households are equipped to receive digital transmissions over-the-air. Of 33 million TV sets sold in the U.S. in 2000, just 37,000 (0.1 percent) possessed digital reception functionality. This lack of customer interest, combined with the 85% trigger, assures substantial delays. Ironically, a parallel transition to digital TV proceeds spontaneously. About 35% of U.S. TV households subscribe to digital cable or digital satellite service; this level is projected to double by 2006. Subscription TV viewers use set-top converters to translate analog or digital signals for either analog or digital TV sets; the technology transition is inexpensive and seamless to customers. More broadly, the success of subscription TV service is reducing the TV Band to irrelevance. At year-end 2001, 87% of U.S. households will receive their television by wire or satellite link, a proportion expected to grow to 91% in 2004. At that point, fewer than ten million U.S. households will rely on over?the?air TV. If something less than $3 billion is invested to move remaining over-the-air TV viewers to a "limited basic" cable or satellite TV service, substantial social gains result. First, consumers avoid expenditures for new digital TV receivers, saving 50--150 billion dollars. Second, the 402 MHz of prime radio spectrum now allocated to over-the-air TV broadcasting could provide alternative uses (such as mobile telephony or high- speed Internet access) worth 50--470 billion dollars. Public interest considerations also strongly recommend a migration of broadcast TV to subscription services. As the opportunity costs of a spectrum allocation originally conceived in 1939 have grown enormous, gains from allowing market reallocation are commensurate.
The Toxic Waste Dump Problem and a Suggested Insurance Program

The extent of the hazardous waste problem in the U.S. is explored. To emphasize the enormous scope of the problem, several recent cases involving hazardous waste disasters, including the Love Canal incident, are reviewed. Legislation related to toxic waste disposal is discussed. A Nat'l Hazardous Waste Insurance Program, based on the policies of the Nat'l Flood Insurance Program, is proposed. The rationale for government involvement in insurance provision is examined. The cost to taxpayers of this toxic waste insurance program will depend on several factors, including: the types of coverage available/ upper limits on each type of coverage/ the premium rates charged for each type of coverage/ the number and size of potential impact acres/ the number of people who would actually buy the insurance/ the actual incidence of hazardous waste damages/ and the time frame chosen for mapping all potential impact areas. (138 references)
The Art of Loving Krishna: Ornamentation and Devotion

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Cynthia Packert Year: 2010 Pages: 240 Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 978-0-253-35478-5 (hard cover).
Microorganisms: Applications in Molecular Biology

Microorganisms, most notably yeast and bacteria, are used in research and industry for cloning genes, replicating DNA and producing purified proteins. Yeast, in particular, is widely used as a model organism for studying a variety of cell functions. Keywords: plasmids; vectors; tissue culture; cloning; genomes
Children with sex chromosome variations: implications for pediatric nursing practice.

Abstract Nursing interventions for children and adolescents with sex chromosome variations are dependent upon one or more variables: the type and severity of problems associated with the variation, the developmental stage of the affected individual, the ability and willingness of the child and family to cooperate in therapeutic approaches, and the availability of resources for therapeutic intervention. Nurses may encounter affected children in all types of settings but particularly in neonatal, pediatric, adolescent-young adult, and mental health settings. The nurse who is knowledgeable about sex chromosome variations can be instrumental in the treatment and referral of children and their families to sources of long-term assistance and support.
Risk of catheter-associated infection in young hematology/oncology patients receiving long-term peripheral nerve blocks.

Summary Background: Continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNBs) are increasingly used to control postoperative and chronic pain. At our pediatric oncology institution, the duration of CPNBs is often prolonged. The risk of catheter-associated infection with prolonged CPNBs has not been previously investigated. Aim: We analyzed the incidence of CPNB-related infection and its relation to catheter duration, catheter site, intensive care stay, and antibiotic coverage. Methods: All CPNBs placed at our institution between August 1, 2005 and October 31, 2010 were studied. Primary diagnosis and the site, indication, duration, and infectious adverse effects of CPNBs were obtained from our Pain Service QI database. Patients’ age and sex, antibiotic administration, and number of days in intensive care were collected from patients’ medical records. Results: The use of 179 catheters in 116 patients was evaluated. Mean age at CPNB placement was 15.1 years (median, 14.7; range, 0.4–26.9). The most frequent indication for CPNB was surgery (89.4%), most commonly orthopedic (78.8%). Mean CPNB duration was 7.2 days (median, 5.0; range, 1–81 days). Two cases (1.12%) of CPNBs developed signs of infection, both associated with femoral catheters. The infections were mild and necessitated catheter removal at days 10 and 13, respectively. Conclusion: Nerve block catheter-associated infections are infrequent at our institution despite prolonged CPNB use. Both patients with infection had femoral catheters and prolonged catheter (≥10 days) use.
Effect of duration of treatment on treatment outcome and cost of treatment for Wilms' tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group.

PURPOSENational Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS)-4 was designed to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and cost of the administration of different regimens for the treatment of Wilms' tumor (WT).PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween August 6, 1986 and September 1, 1994, 905 previously untreated children aged younger than 16 years with stage II favorable histology (FH) WT (low-risk [LR]), stages III to IV FH WT, or stages I to IV clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (high-risk[HR]) were randomized after the completion of 6 months of chemotherapy to discontinue (short) or continue for 9 additional months (long) treatment with chemotherapy regimens that included vincristine and either divided-dose (standard [STD]) courses (5 days) or single-dose (pulse-intensive [PI]) treatment with dactinomycin. HR patients also received either divided-dose (STD) courses (3 days) or single-dose (PI) treatment with doxorubicin.RESULTSThe 4-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates after the second randomization for LR patients were 83.7% for the 190 p...
Membrane‐bound structure and energetics of α‐synuclein

Aggregation and fibrillation of α-synuclein bound to membranes are believed to be involved in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. On SDS micelles, the N-terminus of α-synuclein forms two curved helices linked by a short loop. However, its structure on lipid bilayers has not been experimentally resolved. Using MD simulations with an implicit membrane model we show here that, on a planar mixed membrane, the truncated α-synuclein (residues 1–95) forms a bent helix. Bending of the helix is not due to the protein sequence or membrane binding, but to collective motions of the long helix. The backbone of the helix is ∼2.5 A above the membrane surface, with some residues partially inserted in the membrane core. The helix periodicity is 11/3 (11 residues complete three full turns) as opposed to 18/5 periodicity of an ideal α-helix, with hydrophobic residues towards the membrane, negatively charged residues towards the solvent and lysines on the polar/nonpolar interface. A series of threonines, which are characteristic for α-synuclein and perhaps a phosphorylation site, is also located at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface with their side chain often hydrogen bonded to the main-chain atom. The calculations show that the energy penalty for change in periodicity from the 18/5 to 11/3 on the anionic membrane is overcome by favorable solvation energy. The binding of truncated α-synuclein to membranes is weak. It prefers anionic membranes but it also binds marginally to a neutral membrane, via its C-terminus. Dimerization of helical monomers on the mixed membrane is energetically favorable. However, it slightly interferes with membrane binding. This might promote lateral diffusion of the protein on the membrane surface and facilitate assembly of oligomers that precede fibrillation. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
GTP is not required for calmodulin stimulation of bovine brain adenylate cyclase

Abstract The importance of guanyl nucleotides for calmodulin stimulation of bovine cerebral cortex adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] was examined by using a partially purified calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase that was resolved from calmodulin-insensitive forms of the enzyme. By using 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate as a substrate, in the absence of an ATP-regenerating system, it was determined that GTP is not required for calmodulin stimulation of the enzyme. Maximal activation by 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate (p[NH]ppG) was 5.3-fold, whereas the combination of p[NH]ppG and calmodulin stimulated the enzyme 27-fold. Although GDP inhibited p[NH]ppG stimulation of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase, it did not affect calmodulin stimulation. In addition, calmodulin did not alter the kinetics for activation of the enzyme by p[NH]ppG. It is concluded that GTP is not required for calmodulin stimulation of brain adenylate cyclase and that calmodulin regulation of this enzyme is probably not due to effects of calmodulin on the affinity of the guanyl nucleotide regulatory complex for guanyl nucleotides.
Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature

Abstract The past three decades of research have greatly advanced our understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the family Leguminosae. It has become clear in recent years that our classification system is in need of significant updating if it is to reflect our current understanding of the phylogeny of the family and facilitate effective communication of that knowledge. The goal of this paper is to suggest a set of guidelines for formally defining and naming clades, which draws on many of the recommendations embodied in the draft International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature or “PhyloCode”. I provide specific examples of phylogenetic nomenclature applied to several well recognized and well-supported, informally named papilionoid clades to serve as a model for standardizing legume clade names by the legume community in the future. For the most part the clades named here are below subfamily and above tribal ranks in the Linnaean system. It is my contention that a new Linnaean classification, designed to reflect phylogeny, and a clade-based system of phylogenetic nomenclature are mutually complementary approaches to achieving a new classification of the legume family.
Generalizations of entanglement based on coherent states and convex sets

Unentangled pure states on a bipartite system are exactly the coherent states with respect to the group of local transformations. What aspects of the study of entanglement are applicable to generalized coherent states? Conversely, what can be learned about entanglement from the well-studied theory of coherent states? With these questions in mind, we characterize unentangled pure states as extremal states when considered as linear functionals on the local Lie algebra. As a result, a relativized notion of purity emerges, showing that there is a close relationship between purity, coherence, and (non)entanglement. To a large extent, these concepts can be defined and studied in the even more general setting of convex cones of states. Based on the idea that entanglement is relative, we suggest considering these notions in the context of partially ordered families of Lie algebras or convex cones, such as those that arise naturally for multipartite systems. The study of entanglement includes notions of local operations and, for information-theoretic purposes, entanglement measures and ways of scaling systems to enable asymptotic developments. We propose ways in which these may be generalized to the Lie-algebraic setting and, to a lesser extent, to the convex-cones setting. One of our motivations for this program is to understand the role of entanglementlike concepts in condensed matter. We discuss how our work provides tools for analyzing the correlations involved in quantum phase transitions and other aspects of condensed-matter systems.
Relative colorings of graphs

Abstract In this paper, the notion of relative chromatic number χ(G, H) for a pair of graphs G, H, with H a full subgraph of G, is formulated; namely, χ(G, H) is the minimum number of new colors needed to extend any coloring of H to a coloring of G. It is shown that the four color conjecture (4CC) is equivalent to the conjecture (R4CC) that χ(G, H) ≤ 4 for any (possibly empty) full subgraph H of a planar graph G and also to the conjecture (CR3CC) that χ(G, H) ≤ 3 if H is a connected and nonempty full subgraph of planar G. Finally, relative coloring theorems on surfaces other than the plane or sphere are proved.
Psychological reactance and its relationship to normal personality variables

This study investigated the dimensions of normal personality style associated with psychological reactance. Participants consisted of 326 graduate and undergraduate students. They took the California Psychological Inventory—Revised, the Therapeutic Reactance Scale (TRS), and the Fragebogen zur Messung der psychologischen Reactanz (Questionnaire for the Measurement of Psychological Reactance). Results showed that the reactant individual has a personality style characterized by having a lack of interest in making a good impression on others, being somewhat careless about meeting obligations, being less tolerant of other's beliefs, resisting rules and regulations, being more concerned about problems and worried about the future, and being more inclined to express strong feelings and emotions. Separate analyses by sex on the TRS suggested that reactant women had a personality style that was more decisive, more sociable, and more self-assured than nonreactant women. Conversely, reactant individuals tended to be more concerned with problems and the future than did nonreactant individuals, although this difference did not appear for the subsample of women only.
Age differences in within-session habituation of exploratory behavior: effects of stimulus complexity

The effects of age on the habituation of exploratory behavior of 8-month- and 28-month-old male C57BL/NNia mice were examined under three different stimulus complexity conditions. Increases in the degree of stimulus complexity resulted in an attenuation of between-session habituation and an initial disruption of within-session habituation by 8-month-old mice. Although increases in stimulus complexity also resulted in an increase in the overall level of exploration by aged mice, stimulus complexity was not found to have a systematic effect on between- or within-session habituation by aged mice. No between-session habituation was observed in aged mice under any of the stimulus complexity conditions. Further, aged mice exhibited significant within-session increases, rather than decreases, in exploration under each stimulus complexity condition. This disruption of within-session habituation in aged mice was found to persist over four daily test sessions. In view of the specific patterns of exploration by aged mice, the disruption of within-session habituation was attributed to age-related differences in reactivity to the arousal-inducing properties of novel stimuli.
Quantifying the temporal expression of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin.

The initial event in the pathogeneis of most Staphylococcus aureus infections is attachment to biological substrates in vivo using specific protein-protein interactions. We previously quantified the temporal expression of the collagen adhesin (CNA) on S. aureus Phillips and demonstrated that dynamic adhesin capacity to collagen is strongly influenced by the adhesin density. However, most strains of S. aureus express an extensive amount of Protein A on the surface, presenting a complication when using immunofluorescence to quantify specific surface adhesins. In this study, an improved adhesin quantification method is presented that accommodates variable surface Protein A levels. This method was used to examine the temporal expression of CNA on six S. aureus strains. Collagen adhesin levels varied with growth phase and strain, ranging from 1096 to 8950 copies per cell. Five of the six strains exhibited a temporal expression pattern similar to that previously reported for S. aureus Phillips.
Polyphenols from green tea and pomegranate for prevention of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer diagnosed in North America with similar trends in many Western countries. Geographic, epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest a role for dietary constituents in the etiology as well as prevention of PCa. The rising incidence of PCa in several countries appears to be coincidental with adoption of western lifestyle. Increase in the incidence of PCa has also been found in Asian populations migrating to the west. These facts give numerous leads to explore testable PCa prevention strategies. There is growing evidence in support of use of dietary ingredients in prevention and treatment of PCa. While substantial data exists in favor of use of polyphenols from tea as PCa chemopreventive agent, interest in anti-cancer properties of polyphenols from pomegranate has recently emerged. This review summarizes current literature on the effects of polyphenols from green tea and pomegranate against PCa.
Effect of sucralfate on oral minocycline absorption in healthy dogs.

Sucralfate and minocycline may be administered concurrently to dogs. The relative bioavailability of tetracyclines may be reduced if administered with sucralfate, but studies confirming these interactions in dogs are not available. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of oral minocycline in dogs (M), determined the effects of concurrent administration of sucralfate and minocycline (MS) on minocycline pharmacokinetics, determined the effects of delaying sucralfate administration by 2 h (MS+2) on minocycline pharmacokinetics, and established dosing recommendations based on pharmacodynamic indices. Oral minocycline (300 mg) and sucralfate suspension (1 g) were administered to five greyhounds in a randomized crossover design. Minocycline plasma concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentration (CMAX ) and area under the curve (AUC) of minocycline were 1.15 μg/mL and 8.0 h* μg/mL, respectively. The CMAX and AUC were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the MS group (CMAX = 0.33 μg/mL, AUC 3.0 h*μg/mL) compared with M or MS+2 (CMAX = 0.97 μg/mL, AUC 10.3 h*μg/mL). Delaying sucralfate by 2 h did not decrease oral minocycline absorption, but concurrent administration significantly decreased minocycline absorption. A dose of 7.5 mg/kg p.o. q12 h achieves the pharmacodynamic index for a bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL (AUC:MIC≥33.9).
The effects of x-irradiation on histone acetylation and methylation in cultured mammalian cells.

Abstract Random populations of mammalian cells in suspension culture with generation times ranging from 16–17 hr were subjected to 1600 rads of x -irradiation. Irradiated cells displayed a postirradiation division delay period of approximately 16 hr, during which period protein accumulation continued. DNA and histone biosynthesis ceased between 10 and 12 hr postirradiation. Approximately 15% of the irradiated population completed their first postirradiation division 16 hr after irradiation and very few were able to complete a second division. The DNA, protein and histone contents of the cell population rose during the division delay period, approximating levels attained by normal cells in the G 2 portion of their life cycle. Accumulation of labeled acetate in histone fractions F1, F2b and F3 of irradiated cells paralleled control values, while accumulation of incorporated acetate into histone fraction F2a of irradiated cells was depressed below control values between 16 and 24 hr after irradiation. Accumulation of labeled methyl groups as methyl-lysine derivatives in histone fractions F2a, F2b and F3 of irradiated cells was depressed below control values 24 hr postirradiation. No methylation of the lysine residues of histone fraction F1 was observed in either control or irradiated cultures during this period. Histone acetyltransferase and methyltransferase activity levels increased during the division delay period to follow the accumulation of cellular protein in irradiated cells. However, enzyme activity increased more rapidly than total protein, reached G 2 levels at 16 hr and decreased with resumption of cell division. These observations provide confirmatory evidence that mammalian cells irradiated under these conditions are arrested within the cell cycle in G 2 or a G 2 -like state.
Blood flow and periodontal destruction in normal and atherosclerotic rhesus monkeys.

The effect of atherosclerosis on alveolar bone blood flow and several periodontal tissue parameters was examined in the rhesus monkey. Five adult monkeys were maintained on an atherogenic diet for 54 months and the remaining five animals were fed a normal diet. Prior to death, radiolabelled microspheres were used to measure bone blood flow in the posterior regions of maxilla and mandible. Tracings were made of mesio-distal histological sections through the premolar and molar teeth in each jaw and measurements were taken of bone area, crestal bone height, level of epithelial attachment, and number of osteoclast nuclei. The atherosclerotic monkeys showed a significant decrease in all these parameters compared to controls. Blood flow was significantly lower in the maxilla of atherosclerotic animals, and there was a significant correlation in both groups between reduced blood flow and loss of crestal bone; in the atherosclerotic monkeys reduced blood flow was also significantly correlated with a more apical junctional epithelia. It is possible that reduced blood flow such as that associated with atherosclerotic disease may render the periodontal tissues more susceptible to destruction by etiological agents such as plaque.
Dissociation of haloperidol-induced “anhedonia” and catalepsy by lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus

Electrolytic lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus were found to attenuate haloperidol-induced catalepsy, but did not alter haloperidol's ability to suppress the intake of a highly palatable saccharin/glucose mixture by nondeprived rats. These results suggest that neuroleptic-induced suppression of the drinking of palatable fluids is not secondary to the types of motor deficits that result in catalepsy.
M. tuberculosis Rv2252 encodes a diacylglycerol kinase involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs)

Phosphorylated lipids play important roles in biological systems, not only as structural moieties but also as modulators of cellular function. Phospholipids of pathogenic bacteria are known to play roles both as membrane components and as factors that modulate the infectious process. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is, however, noteworthy in that it has an extremely diverse repertoire of biologically active phosphorylated lipids that, in the absence of a specialized protein translocation system, appear to constitute the main means of communication with the host. Many of these lipids are derived from phosphatidylinositol (PI) that is differentially processed to give rise to phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) or lipoarabinomannan. In preliminary studies on the lipid processing enzymes associated with the bacterial cell wall, a kinase activity was noted that gave rise to a novel lipid species released by the bacterium. It was determined that this kinase activity was encoded by the ORF Rv2252. Rv2252 demonstrates the capacity to phosphorylate various amphipathic lipids of host and bacterial origin, in particular a M. tuberculosis derived diacylglycerol. Targeted deletion of the rv2252 gene resulted in disruption of the production of certain higher order PIM species, suggesting a role for Rv2252 in the biosynthetic pathway of PI, a PIM precursor.
Immunolocalization of integrin-like proteins in Arabidopsis and Chara

Integrins are a large family of integral plasma membrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton in animal cells. As a first step in determining if integrin-like proteins are involved in gravitropic signal transduction pathways, we have used a polyclonal antibody against the chicken beta1 integrin subunit in western blot analyses and immunofluorescence microscopy to gain information on the size and location of these proteins in plants. Several different polypeptides are recognized by the anti-integrin antibody in roots and shoots of Arabidopsis and in the internodal cells and rhizoids of Chara. These cross-reactive polypeptides are associated with cellular membranes, a feature which is consistent with the known location of integrins in animal systems. In immunofluorescence studies of Arabidopsis roots, a strong signal was obtained from labeling integrin-like proteins in root cap cells, and there was little or no immunolabel in other regions of the root tip. While the antibody stained throughout Chara rhizoids, the highest density of immunolabel was at the tip. Thus, in both Arabidopsis roots and Chara rhizoids, the sites of gravity perception/transduction appear to be enriched in integrin-like molecules.
A cross-cultural study of market mavenism in social media: exploring young American and Chinese consumers’ viral marketing attitudes, eWOM motives and behaviour

A web survey of 440 American college students was conducted in April, 2010 and a paper survey of 835 Chinese college students was distributed in summer and fall, 2010 to examine young consumers’ social media use, market mavenism, viral marketing attitude, and product recommendation behaviour in a cross-cultural context. Structural model testing results showed that subjective norm and affection outcome expectation motivated American and Chinese market mavenism. Their perceived subjective norm and pleasure influenced their viral marketing attitude. More importantly, their frequency of product recommendations on social networking websites was determined by their time spent on social networking websites, viral marketing attitude, eWOM intent to help the company and market mavenism. The implications for the industry and academia are discussed.
Studies on the Stimulation by Ca2+ and the Inhibition by ADP of Steroid 11β‐Hydroxylation in Adrenal Mitochondria

The Ca2+ stimulation and ADP inhibition of the steroid 11β-hydroxylation enzyme system in adrenal mitochondria have been investigated. The Ca2+-stimulation is competitively inhibited by Sr2+. Nucleoside monophosphates were not inhibitory and among the nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates only ADP, CDP and ATP were inhibitory with ADP being more inhibitory than the other nucleotides. None of the non-inhibitory nucleotides could reverse the ADP inhibition. ADP appears to inhibit the Ca2+-stimulation since the activity in the absence of Ca2+ was not inhibited by ADP. Ca2+ and ADP did not affect the binding of deoxycorticosterone to the mitochondrial preparation. Ca2+ stimulated the reduction of cytochrome P-450 by NADPH and this was inhibited by ADP. These effects were independent of the presence of deoxycorticosterone. Neither Ca2+ nor ADP affected the reduction of adrenodoxin by NADPH. The inhibition by ADP with respect to Ca2+ or to deoxycorticosterone is non-competitive. The Ca2+ stimulation with respect to deoxycorticosterone is uncompetitive. Preincubation of the mitochondrial preparation with Ca2+ decreases the inhibition by ADP and preincubation with ADP increases its inhibitory effects. These data have been interpreted to indicate that Ca2+ and ADP influence the relationship between adrenodoxin and cytochrome P-450 so that a complex of increased activity in the reduction of cytochrome P-450 is formed in the presence of Ca2+ and a less active complex is formed in the presence of Ca2+ plus ADP.
Error recovery in human-computer interaction: a preliminary study in a database learning environment

Most studies on errors in human-computer interactions (HCI errors) focused on how to improve system to reduce errors. Because HCI errors are inevitable, studies taking users' perspective on how users recover from errors are equally important to enhance system's error tolerances or help users deal with errors easier. This paper reported on preliminary results of a study on database learning. As a part of a larger project, this study identifies the nature of HCI errors in interactions and analyzes error episodes, recovery trials, and recovery actions using the ACCESS database. Further, it suggests systematic studies to examine how users recovered from different types of errors.
Use of superparamagnetic particles for isolation of cells

Abstract This report describes the preparation and characterization of synthetic ferritin-like particles produced by precipitation of magnetite from a mixture of ferrous and ferric ions in the presence of dextran. The 3-nm diameter particles, containing magnetite cores surrounded by chemisorbed dextran, had a magnetization of 46.7 emu/g of iron with Mossbauer quadrupole splitting of 2 Δ = 0.76 mm/s. The application of these particles as a laboratory reagent for isolation of Legionella from other water bacteria was successfully tested. A 400-fold enrichment for Legionella was obtained.
Demonstration of a 65 kDa tumor-specific phosphoprotein in urine and serum of rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary adenocarcinomas

Polyclonal antibodies against a 65 kDa tumor-associated phosphoprotein (p65) were used to develop an ELISA to analyze the presence of p65 in urine and serum of rats bearing N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary gland adenocarcinomas. Highly purified rat p65 was added to normal urine and serum to establish a quantitative standard curve with the average correlation coefficient being 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. All samples of urine and serum obtained from different carcinoma-bearing rats showed p65 concentrations above the normal levels found in the control urine and sera. The correlation coefficient between tumor burden and p65 concentration in urine and serum was 0.65 and 0.77 respectively. The average levels of p65 in normal urine and normal serum were 37.0 +/- 32.0 and 48.0 +/- 38.0 ng/ml respectively. In the case of urine obtained from rats bearing mammary adenocarcinomas, the mean p65 level was 119.0 +/- 35.9 ng/ml and their serum level was 225.4 +/- 67.5 ng/ml. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value for serum and urine marker elevation were 78.5, 70.0 and 78.5% respectively. Following in vitro phosphorylation of concentrated urinary proteins, isoelectrofocusing, SDS-PAGE and autoradiography, a phosphorylated form of the 65 kDa protein with a pI of 5.8 was identified in the urine of tumor-bearing rats. This phosphoprotein bound to an antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody and an anti-p65 polyclonal as determined by Western blot analysis. Using the anti-p65 antibodies in an immunoprecipitation procedure, the main radio- and immunoactive band of 65 kDa and two lower mol. wt bands of 50 and 41 kDa, apparently representing degradation products of p65, were identified after in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation of urinary proteins obtained from mammary carcinoma-bearing rats.
High-temperature desorption of benzene from zirconium surfaces

We report on the interaction of benzene with zirconium (0001) surfaces. Following adsorption at 150 or 170 K benzene desorbs near 715 K at exposures above one Langmuir. The high desorption temperature of benzene is indicative of the complicated kinetics that zirconium surfaces exhibit. For lower exposures benzene dissociates during heating and an increase of the oxygen content at the surface is detected. We propose that hydrogen from the dissociated layer(s) attracts subsurface oxygen and that an exchange of adsorbed carbon with this oxygen takes place.
The dynamics of a nonisothermal catalyst particle in a surrounding fluid

On considere une reaction exothermique qui echange chaleur et matiere avec un fluide environnant tel qu'il s'en trouve dans les interstices d'un reacteur a lit fixe. Le reactif s'ecoule dans le fluide interstitiel. Il ne se produit aucune reaction chimique dans le fluide environnant
Framework for smoothing-based collaborative filtering recommender system

Picking up a proper product or service is getting more difficult with the increasing number of available products and services on E-business era. Consequently, many companies provide recommending services and many researches have been done in the area. In this paper, we are proposing a framework for smoothing-based collaborative filtering recommender system considering user preferences and product similarities. Primitive experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a better recommendation with user and product information.
Mechanism of HPV E6 proteins in cellular transformation.

The E6 protein is a major transforming protein of many types of papillomaviruses. Mechanistically, the best characterized E6 proteins are those of the high-risk genital HPVs (e.g. HPV-16 and 18 E6), which function, at least in part, by inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Biochemical studies have shown that this occurs by targeted degradation of p53, dependent on the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase. The model that has emerged from E6/E6-AP-dependent p53 degradation has provided insight into both HPV-associated carcinogenesis and the problem of substrate specificity of the ubiquitin system. Several observations suggest that the high-risk HPV E6 proteins may also have activities in addition to inactivation of p53.
A note on square-integrable representations

Abstract In this paper we prove that every square-integrable representation of a Hilbert algebra is a direct sum of irreducible such representations, and we note that this implies that every square-integrable representation of a locally compact unimodular group is a direct sum of irreducible square-integrable representations.
Seventeenth-Century Pronk Poppenhuisen: Domestic Space and the Ritual Function of Dutch Dollhouses for Women

ABSTRACTA number of pronk poppenhuisen, or “dollhouses for show” were commissioned in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Netherlands for adult women. The large wooden cabinets with multiple partitioned spaces construct a fully furnished Dutch home in miniature, complete with dolls representing family, servants, and pets. The dollhouses have been primarily regarded as sophisticated collections enjoyed by elite female connoisseurs. This study will investigate the surviving dollhouses of Petronella de la Court, Petronella Dunois, and Petronella Oortman as complex didactic objects that prescribed an ideal domestic identity for Dutch mothers and wives in the early modern Netherlands, in part through a three-dimensional structure that encouraged a tactile, physically interactive relationship with the viewer. Manipulation of the dolls within selective, gendered architectural spaces allowed the dollhouse owners to visualize the ideal Dutch home and “perform” their appropriate role within it as productive, di...
Infleunce of lattice structure on superconductivity in thallium

Abstract The infleunce of lattice structure on the superconducting transition temperature has been isolated experimentally in two crystallographically simple structures of thallium; the fcc phase shows an about 25% lower transition temperature than the hcp counterpart. Additional data on θ D and the electrical resistivity are presented for both phases.
Wage Rates as a Barrier to Entry: The Pennington Case in Perspective

Introduction, 85. — I. The allegations, 87. — II. The model, 90. — III. Wage barrier parameters in the bituminous coal industry, 101. — IV. Industry structure, 108. — V. Conclusions, 113.
Effect of iodoacetate on the carbon monoxide tolerance of the chick.

Abstract Chicks 0–3 weeks old were exposed to 1% carbon monoxide (CO) in air in a metabolic chamber at 35 °C. Survival time as a function of age was determined and is defined as that period of exposure at which 50 % of the animals lived. Body temperatures were monitored throughout the experiment by means of a rectal probe and an electric thermometer. Newly hatched birds were more resistant to CO and lived in excess of 30 min. Survival times decreased rapidly with age and reached 4 min by day 8, an age associated with the onset of homeothermy in chicks. There was a linear relationship between survival time and decrease in rectal temperature. The youngest birds underwent the greatest decrease in rectal temperature in response to CO and survived the longest. The increased initial tolerance to CO exposure was blocked by iodoacetate (IAA) treatment. The CO tolerance of the newly hatched chick appears to be dependent in part on the ability to reduce its energy requirements through a reduction in metabolism and to provide for its reduced energy requirements through anaerobic glycolysis.
Relationships between upland rice canopy characteristics and weed competitiveness

Abstract Weed-competitive upland rices with an acceptable yield potential are needed for labor-limited systems in Africa, particularly where shortened fallow periods have increased weed pressure. Crosses between weed-competitive but low-yielding African rice, Oryza glaberrima , and improved Oryza sativa tropical-japonica rices, might reduce tradeoffs between competitiveness and yield potential. Parallel field studies under moist upland conditions were conducted during the 1996 and 1997 wet seasons at Mbe in Cote d'Ivoire to (1) characterize canopy properties, growth vigor and yield for O . glaberrima , O . sativa and interspecific progenies under monoculture, and (2) determine their competitiveness when grown in single rows in competition with natural weed growth, maize (removed 50 days after sowing [DAS]), the highly weed-competitive O . glaberrima IG10, and with themselves. In the monoculture study with 21 lines, dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), PAR extinction coefficient ( K df ), mean tip elevation angle (MTA) and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured 31, 46 and 64 DAS. Across lines, LAI was positively correlated with SLA, dry matter partitioning to leaves (31 and 46 DAS) and K df (46 DAS); and negatively with MTA (46 and 64 DAS). Plant height was negatively correlated with tiller number. In the competition study with 16 lines, the O . glaberrima landraces had superior relative yield (yield under interspecific competition/yield under intraspecific competition). Some breeding lines were competitive with specific competitors. Correlations between canopy characteristics under monoculture and competition indicated that LAI, SLA and tillering ability were predictive of competitiveness regardless of the competing species, whereas partitioning, K df and MTA were correlated with competitiveness only for specific growth stages and/or competitors. Competitiveness was negatively but weakly correlated with yield potential, and positively, with crop duration. The authors conclude that SLA and tillering ability, which are major determinants of vegetative vigor, and crop duration, which affects the ability to recover from early competition, are useful traits in the selection of weed-competitive rices, particularly in breeding programs that use O . glaberrima . The traits are compatible with high yield potential if cultivars have large SLA during early developmental stages and small SLA during advanced stages. Major knowledge gaps remain on weed competitiveness under drought- and flood-prone conditions, which are frequently associated with weed problems.