cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and Mechanistic Effects of Bipyridine (bpy) Substituent, Labile Ligand, and Brønsted Acid on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by Re(bpy) Complexes

In order to help develop robust and deployable molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO, we must understand the effects of tuning their structure and catalytic conditions. To this end, we quantify how modifications to the catalyst fac-Re(4,4′-R-bpy)(CO)3X (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, R = OCH3, CH3, tBu, H, CN, CF3; X = Cl, Br, py(OTf), or CH3CN(OTf)) with and without an added proton source (phenol, acetic acid, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) affect the catalyst stability, activity, and overpotential. Through cyclic voltammetry experiments, we found that the substituents and proton source had a large effect on both overpotential and activity. Substituents with moderate electron-donating ability (tBu and CH3) increased activity and overpotential in comparison to the unsubstituted complex Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl. In contrast, substituents resulting in too much electron density distributed over the bpy ligand, either from too-strong electron-donating ability (OCH3) or from the requirement of a third reduction to ...
Evaluation of Factors Driving Cost Variation for Distal Radius Fracture Open Reduction Internal Fixation.

Purpose Distal radius fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) represents a considerable cost burden to the health care system. We aimed to elucidate demographic-, injury-, and treatment-specific factors influencing surgical encounter costs for distal radius ORIF. Methods We retrospectively reviewed adult patients treated with isolated distal radius ORIF between November 2014 and October 2016 at a single tertiary academic medical center. Using our institution's information technology value tools—which allow for comprehensive payment and cost data collection and analysis on an item-level basis—we determined relative costs (RC) for each factor potentially influencing total direct costs (TDC) for distal radius ORIF using univariate and multivariable gamma regression analyses. Results Of the included 108 patients, implants and facility utilization costs were responsible for 48.3% and 37.9% of TDC, respectively. Factors associated with increased TDC include plate manufacturer (RC 1.52 for the most vs least expensive manufacturer), number of screws (RC 1.03 per screw) and distal radius plates used (RC 1.67 per additional plate), surgery setting (RC 1.32 for main hospital vs ambulatory surgery center), treating service (RC 1.40 for trauma vs hand surgeons), and surgical time (RC 1.04 for every 10 min of additional surgical time). Open fracture was associated with increased costs (RC 1.55 vs closed fracture), whereas other estimates of fracture severity were nonsignificant. In the multivariable model controlling for injury-specific factors, variables including implant manufacturer, and number of distal radius plates and screws used, remained as significant drivers of TDC. Conclusions Substantial variations in surgical direct costs for distal radius ORIF exist, and implant choice is the predominant driver. Cost reductions may be expected through judicious use of additional plates and screws, if hospital systems use bargaining power to reduce implant costs, and by efficiently completing surgeries. Clinical relevance This study identifies modifiable factors that may lead to cost reduction for distal radius ORIF.
Knowing by Doing: Action Research as an Approach to HCI

Action research (AR) is an approach to research that involves engaging with a community to address a problem or a challenge and through this problem solving to develop scholarly knowledge. AR could involve any of a number of methods described in this book. Key to this type of research is that it includes the community participants as co-researchers throughout and that the result of the intervention be helpful and sustainable insofar as possible.
Exploration of baseline derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients (pts) with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or cytotoxic chemotherapy (CCT).

3035Background: Previous studies have suggested the importance of dNLR and LDH as prognostic markers and indicators of inflammation in cancer and other inflammatory diseases. More recently, the lun...
Veinte años de arqueología de la Prehistoria tardía en la Península Ibérica. Mirando hacia atrás y hacia adelante

Archaeological investigations of the agrarian communities of the 6th-2nd millennia BC in the Iberian Peninsula have undergone fundamental transformations over the past 25 years. This paper attempts to provide an overview of this research by considering three topics: 1) changes in theory, perspective, and practice, 2) the discovery of new sites or site types, and 3) developments in analytical methodologies and techniques. It concludes with some thoughts about possible future challenges and directions for research.
Monolithically Integrated InP-on-Si Microdisk Lasers with Room-Temperature Operation

We present the first monolithic integration of InP microdisk room-temperature lasers on silicon by template-assisted-selective-epitaxy and compare their performance with previously demonstrated GaAs microdisk lasers. InP allows for future integration of QWs for the NIR.© 2019 The Author(s)
Effective Strategies to Teach Operations Research to Non-Mathematics Majors

Operations Research (OR) is the discipline of applying advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions (Horner (2003)). OR is characterized by its broad applicability and its interdisciplinary nature. Currently, in addition to mathematics, many other undergraduate programs such as management sciences, business, economics, electrical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, and related fields, have incorporated some topics in OR in their curricula (Ramirez et al. (2004)). Therefore the course content and teaching strategies used to teach an OR course should be effectively aligned with the students' objectives and course goals in the host department. Based on the existing literature, in this paper we discuss five strategies to enhance the teaching of OR skills that are essential for students in practical disciplines. Instructors should use an optimal dosage of each of these teaching strategies depending on the background of the students and their expectations from the course.
Direct comparison of five different 3D extracellular matrix model systems for characterization of cancer cell migration.

Background Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model systems can bridge the gap between regular two-dimensional cell culture and whole-animal studies. Analyses of cancer cell migration and invasion increasingly use differing 3D systems, which may produce conflicting findings. Aims We directly compared different 3D extracellular matrix systems for studying cancer cell migration/invasion by analyzing cell morphologies and quantifying aspects of cell migration including speed and directional persistence using automated computer-based cell tracking. Methods and results We performed direct comparisons of five different 3D extracellular matrix cell culture systems using both HT1080 fibrosarcoma and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines. The reconstituted 3D systems included two types of collagen hydrogel and tissue matrix gel (TMG) vs cell-derived matrices extracted from cultured primary human or cancer-associated fibroblasts. The fibrillar matrix architecture of these systems differed. 3D rat tail collagen and TMG matrices had short, randomly oriented collagen fibrils; bovine collagen had long, larger fibril bundles; and the cell-derived matrices were strongly oriented. HT1080 cells displayed rounded morphologies in all three reconstituted 3D matrices but became spindle shaped in the two cell-derived matrices. MDA-MB-231 cell morphologies were elongated in all matrices. Quantitative measures of cell migration parameters differed markedly between the different types of 3D matrix. Comparing the reconstituted matrices, cells migrated the most rapidly and furthest in TMG. Comparing TMG with cell-derived matrices, cells migrated more efficiently in the cell-derived matrices. The most notable differences were in directional persistence of migration, which was greatest in the two cell-derived matrices. Conclusion The morphologies of matrix fibrils and cell shape, and particularly the efficiency and directionality of cell migration, differed substantially depending on the type of 3D matrix system. We suggest that it is important to employ the 3D model system that most closely resembles the matrix environment being studied for analyses of cancer cell migration and invasion.
Black and Basque Power: Visualizing Race and Resistance in Black is Beltza

Murray’s critical analysis of the 2014 graphic novel Black is Beltza complicates longstanding conceptualizations of “postmemory” and intergenerational trauma to include topics of race and racial memories. This reading of Black is Beltza ultimately shows the ways in which the novel is problematic because it presents blackness as a fraught equivalence to Basqueness, that is, an attempt to reframe mid-century global revolutionary movements for racial and economic equality as a new way to represent the fight against Franco and the central Spanish state.
Vibronic exciton model for low bandgap donor-acceptor polymers.

A vibronic exciton model is introduced to describe the excited state band structure and associated absorption spectra of low bandgap donor–acceptor conjugated polymers. The Hamiltonian is represented in a diabatic basis consisting of Frenkel-like donor and acceptor fragment excitations as well as charge-transfer (CT) excitations between neighboring fragments. States are coupled to each other through electron and hole transfer as well as Coulombically, through interacting fragment transition dipole moments. Local vibronic coupling involving the prominent aromatic-quinoidal vibrational mode, which is responsible for pronounced vibronic progressions in most conjugated oligomers and polymers, is also included. The DAD repeat unit is shown to behave like a J-aggregate trimer, driven by both the sizable in-phase electron and hole transfer integrals between donor and acceptor fragments as well as negative Coulomb coupling between donor and acceptor fragment excitations. The J-aggregate behavior is enhanced in the polymer limit through inter-repeat unit coupling, with the 0–0 vibronic peak significantly enhanced in the lowest-energy near-IR band. In addition, the radiative rate is enhanced by the number of coherently connected repeat units. The near-IR band is shown to possess roughly equal admixtures of CT and Frenkel-like excitations. Applications are made to the polymer PffBT4T-2DT, with the simulated absorption spectrum quantitatively capturing the salient features of the measured spectrum.
Do Energy Oscillations Degrade Energy Transfer in Electrical Systems

There is the view, widespread in the electrical engineering community, that the effectiveness of energy transfer in electrical systems, thus the power factor, is reduced by energy oscillations which, according to this view, are the cause of the reactive power. This view is challenged in this article. It demonstrates on a variety of circuits that this view is not right. Power factor can decline without energy oscillations, or energy oscillations do not cause its decline. In addition, the reactive power can occur in the absence of energy oscillations or their presence does not cause the reactive power. This observation has not only cognitive but practical merit as well. According to Instantaneous Reactive Power p-q theory, to improve the power factor, energy oscillations between the supply source and the load should be compensated. Because this conclusion is erroneous, an active power filter, controlled according to this recommendation in the presence of the supply voltage distortion or/and asymmetry, instead of improving the power factor can worsen it. The physical meaning of the reactive power is also investigated in this article, with the conclusion that there is no physical phenomenon in electrical systems that could be described in terms of reactive power.
Pivoting partnership programming during a pandemic: Centennial Celebrations in 2020

No one plans for a pandemic, not even librarians. Amid a global pandemic and changing health requirements, how do you continue with previously planned programming? This article will discuss how one...
Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Endobronchial nodule with segmental, lobar, or total lung collapse (early presentation). The Golden S sign refers to central obstructive right hilar tumor with right upper lobe atelectasis, which may be due to SCC lung.
Production of antibiotic resistance gene-free urease-deficient recombinant BCG that secretes antigenic protein applicable for practical use in tuberculosis vaccination.

Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been the only practical vaccine for tuberculosis. However, BCG cannot fully prevent adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, the improvement of BCG vaccine is necessary. We previously produced recombinant (r) BCG (BCG-PEST) for the better control of tuberculosis. BCG-PEST was developed by introducing PEST-Heat Shock Protein (HSP)70-Major Membrane Protein (MMP)-II-PEST fusion gene into urease-deficient rBCG using antibiotic-resistant gene for the selection of rBCG. HSP70-MMPII fusion protein is highly immunogenic and PEST sequence was added to enhance processing of the fusion protein. Although BCG-PEST effectively inhibited intrapulmonary growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), BCG with antibiotic-resistant gene is not appropriate for human use. Therefore, we produced antibiotic-resistant gene-free rBCG. We generated leucine-biosynthetic gene (leuD)-deficient BCG and introduced the fusion gene with leuD as the selection marker and named this rBCG as BCG-LeuPH. BCG-LeuPH activated human naive T cells of both CD4 and CD8 subsets and efficiently inhibited aerosol-challenged MTB in mice. These results indicate that leuD can replace antibiotic-resistant gene for the selection of vaccine candidates of rBCG for human use.
The temperamental basis of extraversion and its implications for psychopathology

Abstract Many individuals—including Eysenck, Gray, Strelau, and Depue—have helped to explicate the temperamental basis of extraversion. The current study builds on this work by examining how two positively correlated aspects of extraversion—agentic extraversion (i.e., individual differences in reward anticipation and incentive motivation) and communal extraversion (i.e., individual differences in consummatory pleasure)—relate to psychopathology. We examined these relations in two samples. We extended previous work by analyzing three pairs of communal and agentic extraversion scales. These scales generally showed strong convergent and discriminant validity across samples. We assessed psychopathology using selected scales from the Comprehensive Assessment of Traits relevant to Personality Disorder (CAT-PD; Wright & Simms, 2014). Structural analyses of these CAT-PD scales revealed that the same two factors emerged in both samples; they were labeled Detachment (e.g., Anhedonia, Social Withdrawal) and Externalizing (e.g., Grandiosity, Risk Taking). All three indicators of communal extraversion were strongly negatively related to Detachment, whereas all three measures of agentic extraversion were moderately positively associated with Externalizing, thus demonstrating high replicability across measures and samples. Finally, regression results established that the unique component of communal extraversion is healthy and adaptive, whereas the unique component of agentic extraversion is largely maladaptive in nature.
Facile Measurement of the Rotation of a Single Optically Trapped Nanoparticle Using the Diagonal Ratio of a Quadrant Photodiode

Optical tweezers are a powerful tool for exploring physical properties of particles in various environments through analysis of their dynamics in a trapping potential. Analysis of the trapped parti...
Absolute Constructions in Early Indo-European

1. The AC so far 2. Early Greek 3. Early Latin 4. The Sanskrit locative absolute and its syntactic surroundings 5. Proto-Indo-European roots of ACs.
LGBTQ Alumni Philanthropy Exploring (Un)Conscious Motivations for Giving Related to Identity and Experiences

Using a constructivist case study analysis, we explore philanthropy toward higher education among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) alumni, examining how a person’s LGBTQ ident...
Partial Outsourcing and Linked Learning Processes

Firms in advanced economies are increasingly outsourcing software and technology development as well as other knowledge work to a worldwide supply base. Standard economic and learning models predict that focal firms should outsource either all or none of a particular activity unless extra resources are required during cyclical demand peaks or access is needed to some tightly appropriable intellectual property. However, recent evidence shows that, even when these exceptions do not apply, many firms pursue a partial-outsourcing strategy. We develop a general model to provide a rational explanation for this evidence. In our model, learning from prior projects occurs at both the subsystem level and the overall systems level (e.g. systems integration and architecture). In our model, learning at the two levels interacts such that integration capabilities can build and decay dynamically. The model generates conditions where partial outsourcing is rational and dominates the extreme conditions of complete insourcing or complete outsourcing. Our model also specifies the conditions for regime change (between in- and outsourcing), oscillation between in- and outsourcing, and over- or undershooting the outsourcing target. Finally, guidance is provided for why firms can overestimate the gains from outsourcing because of the dynamic nature of integration capabilities.
The phenotypic spectrum of parkinson disease

For most patients, the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) depends on recognition of the clinical features of the disorder since no definitive neuroimaging or laboratory diagnostic test is available. The four cardinal motor features of PD—tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability—are well known. It has only been in recent years, however, that a wide variety of abnormalities that have little or nothing to do with motor function also have been recognized as integral features of PD, sometimes even preceding the development of the motor features. Animal models of PD primarily have been aimed at reproducing the motor features of the disorder, but the need exists for the development of models that also incorporate the nonmotor aspects of PD. This chapter describes both the motor and nonmotor features of PD to provide a more complete picture of the disorder.
Determining the seismic source mechanism and location for an explosive eruption with limited observational data: Augustine Volcano, Alaska

[1] Waveform inversions of the very-long-period components of the seismic wavefield produced by an explosive eruption that occurred on 11 January, 2006 at Augustine Volcano, Alaska constrain the seismic source location to near sea level beneath the summit of the volcano. The calculated moment tensors indicate the presence of a volumetric source mechanism. Systematic reconstruction of the source mechanism shows the source consists of a sill intersected by either a sub-vertical east-west trending dike or a sub-vertical pipe and a weak single force. The trend of the dike may be controlled by the east-west trending Augustine-Seldovia arch. The data from the network of broadband sensors is limited to fourteen seismic traces, and synthetic modeling confirms the ability of the network to recover the source mechanism. The synthetic modeling also provides a guide to the expected capability of a broadband network to resolve very-long-period source mechanisms, particularly when confronted with limited observational data.
Quantifying the Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Flexible Airfield Pavements:

Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) is a current paving technology that uses various techniques for producing and constructing asphalt at lower temperatures. The benefits associated with WMA range from reduced carbon dioxide emissions to extended paving seasons. The performance and the environmental benefits of WMA can be enhanced by the addition of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to the aggregate portion of the mix. This technology has been extensively used in the highway sector, but its use in the airfield sector has not been documented fully. Currently, asphalt mixtures used in the surfaces of airfield pavements are designed in accordance with the FAA P-401 specifications. This study quantified the performance of a WMA-RAP mixture compared with the standard FAA P-401. The asphalt mixture performance tester was used to test the mixtures for flow time and load cycles to failure so as to capture the rutting and fatigue cracking potentials of both mixtures. The laboratory data were used as input to the three-dimension...
Not with my daughter, you don't!

Dale G. Hardman, Ed.D., is Professor of Social Work and was formerly Chairman, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh. It was a balmy spring afternoon at and they'll all try to make up for the the Blintz County workhouse. The inwhole year in the first ten minutes terviewing room was only half-sepathey're out. First broad they see. But rated from the cell corridors. The innot me. Like the soup commercial mate looked out the dirt-specked winsays: 'To make the best you gotta be dow for some time, then returned his gin with the best. Then prepare it gaze to the social worker. "Twelve tenderly . . . carefully . . . slowly.' more days. I could do twelve days on So I begin with the best. Nothing but a bed of spikes. You're the reason I fresh meat for me—very fresh. A vir got fifty-five days knocked off my six gin." months. I wouldn'ta got it without you "I see. Well, since there's not a lot went to bat for me." of those around. . . ."
The Paradoxical Position of Kurt Goldstein in the History of Aphasia

A widely-accepted version of the history of the study of aphasia states that before the First World War this discipline was dominated by a group of workers who, with occasional exceptions, were unsophisticated psychologically and who attempted on the basis of inadequate clinical and pathological data to fit aphasia into a narrow anatomical scheme. According to this view a group of reformers appeared, Marie, von Monakow, Head, and Goldstein, who destroyed this inadequate classical scheme.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway Activation in Phosphate and Tensin Homolog (PTEN)-deficient Prostate Cancer Cells Is Independent of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Mediated by the p110β and p110δ Catalytic Subunits

Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p110 catalytic subunits are activated upon Src homology 2 domain-mediated binding of their p85 regulatory subunits to tyrosine-phosphorylated pYXXM motifs in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or adaptor proteins. The PI3K pathway is activated by phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss in most prostate cancers (PCa), but the contribution of upstream RTKs that may be targeted therapeutically has not been assessed. Immunoblotting of p85-associated proteins in serum-starved PTEN-deficient LNCaP and C4-2 PCa cells showed a small set of discrete tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, but these proteins were not recognized by an anti-pYXXM motif antibody and were not found in PTEN-deficient PC3 PCa cells. LC/MS/MS using label-free proteomics and immunoblotting showed that p85 was associated primarily with p110β and p110δ. An interaction with ErbB3 was also detected but was independent of ErbB3 tyrosine phosphorylation and was not required for basal PI3K activity. Basal tyrosine phosphorylation of p110β and p110δ could be blocked by c-Src inhibitors, but this did not suppress PI3K activity, which was similarly independent of Ras. Basal PI3K activity was mediated by p110β in PC3 cells and by both p110β and p110δ in LNCaP cells, whereas p110α was required for PI3K activation in response to RTK stimulation by heregulin-β1. These findings show that basal PI3K activity in PTEN-deficient PCa cells is RTK-independent and can be mediated by p110β and p110δ. Increased p110β expression in PCa may be required for RTK-independent PI3K pathway activation in adult prostate epithelium with genetic or epigenetic PTEN down-regulation.
When and how do tropical storms affect markets? The case of refined petroleum

Abstract Little is known about the magnitude of the effect of powerful tropical storms on asset prices, or when markets revise price expectations in response to such storms. Refinery clustering in the coastal northwest Gulf of Mexico provides an opportunity to examine such effects directly. We examine the effect of tropical storm forecasts on the crack spread — the difference between refined petroleum and crude oil prices. Prices appear to reflect storm effects at the 24-h forecast horizon. Further, the magnitude is significant — category 4 hurricanes in this region increase refined petroleum prices relative to crude oil by about 13.5%.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced pseudoporphyria: a case series.

Background: Pseudoporphyria is a diagnosis that is used when porphyria-like clinical lesions arise in the setting of normal porphyrin levels. This condition was first described in the 1960s and was initially related to the use of certain antibiotic drugs. In 1985, pseudoporphyria was first attributed to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Subsequently, a host of NSAIDs and other drugs have been found to elicit the same clinical entity. The exact mechanism by which certain drugs create clinical lesions resembling porphyria cutanea tarda or erythropoietic protoporphyria is still unknown. A phototoxic mechanism is hypothesized. Objective: We describe six patients diagnosed with pseudoporphyria and detail the diagnostic tests leading to the eventual diagnosis. Results: The patients ranged in age from 27 to 59 years and had a female:male predominance of 2:1. The offending NSAID was DayPro (oxaprozin) for three of the patients, Relafen (nabumetone) for two of the patients, and Aleve (naproxen) for one patient. For each patient, histology and immunofluorescence was either consistent with the diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda or nonspecific, while serum, stool, and urine porphyrins did not support that diagnosis. Withdrawal of the offending agent provided relief from the clinical symptoms for each patient. None of our patients were rechallenged with the putative offending drug. However, prolonged avoidance has provided a sustained remission from symptoms in all six patients.Conclusions: Pseudoporphyria is a relatively rarely reported condition. Clinical suspicion with appropriate laboratory and histopathologic findings help to make this diagnosis, and exclude true porphyrias. Rechallenge with the offending drug to produce symptom relapse has been proposed to be helpful in confirming this diagnosis of exclusion. Since all 6 patients with drug-induced pseudoporphyria experienced resolution of their symptoms after discontinuing the offending agent, we propose that this clinical correlation alone is sufficient to confirm this diagnosis. Our observation of six new cases of NSAID-induced pseudoporphyria over a two-year interval suggests that this is not a rare entity.
Machine learning in drug discovery and development

In-silico tools and computational techniques have become an integral part of pharmaceutical research. These techniques are now used extensively at various phases during the drug development process. Such tools perform a wide range of functions from retrieving and analyzing data to sophisticated computational models for many biological and chemical processes in drug discovery. Among them, machine-learning techniques are becoming especially popular because of their emphasis on obtaining accurate predictions. In this overview, we discuss the increasing role of Machine Learning in Drug Discovery. Since this field has close connections with the field of Statistics, we will first describe similarities and differences between these fields. We will then highlight various domains and problems within drug discovery that are utilizing machine-learning technology to improve and speed up the drug discovery process. Drug Dev Res 72: 112–119, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Satellite microwave radiances correlated with radar rain rates over land

The characteristics of upwelling microwave radiation from raindrops as measured by satellite sensors are examined. The scanning multichannel microwave radiometers on board the Nimbus 7 and Seasat satellites have the capability of quantifying the perpendicularly polarized antenna temperatures at 37, 21, 18, 10.7, and 6.6 GHz. The instruments scan the earth at a constant 50 deg angle to the surface with a footprint that varies from 20-70 km. Radar rainfall measurements have an accuracy of within 60 percent, whereas a series of test measurements using SMMR data in comparison with radar data for rainfall in the same areas showed that the microwave data depicted rainfall rates with less than 1.55 mm/h error. Details of the rainfall rate algorithms used to treat the satellite microwave data are provided, noting that the identification of rainfall rates is dependent on quantifying the amount the upwelling radiance is reduced due to rainfall.
Security in the Semantic Web using OWL

Information assurance, security, and privacy have moved from narrow topics of interest to information system designers to become critical issues of fundamental importance to society. This opens up new requirements and opportunities for novel approaches. Meeting this challenge requires to advance the theory and practice of security, privacy, and trust of Web-based applications and to provide declarative policy representation languages and ontologies together with algorithms to reason about policies. This paper summarizes an ontological approach to enhancing the Semantic Web with security.
Trace I, A Transformer-Charged Electron Beam Generator

A transformer-charged electron beam generator has been developed. The system is designed to operate with up to 500 kV on a water-dielectric pulse-forming line (PFL) and to generate a 100 kA, 30 ns electron beam. The transformer charging supply replaces a 12-stage Marx generator and reduces the size, weight, and complexity of the system. It also eliminates the need for a large insulating-oil supply. A description of the physical features of the machine is included along with a discussion of the electrical characteristics of the system.
Modulation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in rat parotid basolateral membrane vesicles by K+ + Cl- flux.

Abstract In basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) isolated from rat parotodi glands, the initial rate of ATP-dependent Ca+ transport, in the presence of KCl, was approx. 2-fold higher than that obtained with mannitol, sucrose or N- methyl- d -glucamine (NMDG)-gluconate. Only NHf44, Rb+, or Br− could effectively substitute for K+ or Cl−, respectively. This KCl activation was concentration dependent, with maximal response by 50 mM KCl. An inwardly directed KCl gradient up to 50 mM KCl had no effect on Ca+ transport, while equilibration of the vesicles with KCl (> 100 mM) increased transport 15–20%. In presence of Cl−, 86Rb+ uptake was 2.5-fold greater than in the presence of gluconate. 0.5 mM furosemide inhibited 86Rb+ flux by approx. 60% in a Cl− medium and by approx. 20% in a gluconate medium. Furosemide also inhibited KCl activation of Ca+ transport with half maximal inhibition either at 0.4 mM or 0.05 mM, depending on whether 454Ca+ transport was measured with KCl (150 mM) equilibrium or KCl (150 mM) gradient. In a mannitol containing assay medium, potassium gluconate loaded vesicles had higher (approx. 25%) rate of Ca+ transport than mannitol loaded vesicles. Addition of valinomycin (5 μM) to potassium gluconate loaded vesicles further stimulated (approx. 30%) the Ca+ transport rate. These results suggest that during ATP dependent Ca+ transport in parotid BLMV, K+ can be recycled by the concerted activities of a K+ and Cl− coupled flux and a K+ conductance.
Gamma-Ray Response of a 38-mm Bismuth Germanate Scintillator

The response of a 38-mm-diam by 38-mm-long bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillator to gamma radiation from 0.12 to 8.28 MeV has been measured. The full-energypeak efficiency of the detector, which varies from 80% at 0.12 MeV to 10.8% at 8.29 MeV, is 5.6 times as great at 2.75 MeV as the full-energy efficiency of a similar NaI (Tl) detector. Although the energy resolution of the detector is inferior to that which may be obtained with NaI (Tl), its high peak-to-Compton ratio and high full-energy-to-escape-peak ratio is advantageous. This detector shows promise of application in many fields.
2-({3-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-Hydr­oxy-5-hydroxy­methyl-2,3,4,5-tetra­hydro­furan-2-yl]-5-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetra­hydro­pyrimidin-1-yl}meth­yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

The title compound, C19H19N3O7, is a thymidine derivative and serves as an inter­mediate in the synthesis of a 99mTc radiolabeled nucleoside analog. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is observed between the hydr­oxy functionalities of the ribose unit themselves as well as between a hydr­oxy group and an O atom of the phthalimide group of an adjacent mol­ecule. The mol­ecules are stacked on top of each other in the direction of the a axis. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak intra- and inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The absolute configuration of the compound is known from the synthesis.
Embracing edges: syntactic and phono-syntactic edge sensitivity in Nupe

Though well established as grammatical domains within phonology and morphology, edges have recently come to play a central role in both syntactic analysis and explanation within the Minimalist Program. This article adduces further empirical justification for the inclusion of edges in the Minimalist ontology. By way of two case studies, it is demonstrated that reference to edge domains in both the narrow syntax and at the syntax-phonology interface facilitates principled explanations to two unsolved puzzles in Nupe. The first study investigates a peculiar restriction on extraction from perfect domains. The most tenable solution emerges when both phase edges and Edge Features are embraced. New insights into the nature of Edge Features arise as a consequence. The second study concerns the proper characterization of Comp-trace effects in the language. The most tenable characterization emerges when they are viewed through the lens of the syntax-phonology interface. Comp-trace phenomena are shown to exhibit phono-syntactic edge sensitivity. New insights into the syntax-phonology interface arise as a consequence.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone enantiomers after a single oral dose of racemate.

Background The pharmacokinetics and dynamics of methadone are characterized by high interindividual variability. This study aimed to examine a number of factors that may contribute to this variability. Methods Eight healthy drug-free women were administered 0.2 mg/kg of R,S-methadone orally. The concentrations of methadone's enantiomers in plasma and urine were monitored for 96 hours. Vital signs, blood biochemical parameters, and pupillary diameter were monitored frequently during this period. Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (alpha1-AGP) concentrations and phenotypes were determined. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling was used to assess the influence of the above-mentioned covariables on methadone enantiomer disposition and actions. Results The pharmacokinetic profile of the active enantiomer of methadone, R -methadone, showed a relatively normal distribution with 38% to 90% of the interindividual variability in modeled pharmacokinetic parameters being explained by their individual variability in CYP3A activity, the cumulative amount of the main CYP3A4 metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrolidine, excreted in the urine, the fraction unbound in plasma, and the alpha1-AGP orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) variant plasma concentration. S-Methadone showed an idiosyncratic distribution with largely unpredictable pharmacokinetics. Pupillary constriction response was highly variable between individuals. Conclusions The disposition of the active enantiomer, R -methadone, can be predicted in part by CYP3A activity and protein binding to alpha1-AGP (ORM2), whereas S-methadone disposition is not well explained by the factors examined in this study. Central nervous system effects were difficult to interpret on the basis of plasma R-methadone pharmacokinetics.
XML and Industrial Standards for Electronic Commerce

With the rapid adoption of XML as the meta data format for electronic commerce applications, many XML-based industrial standards for electronic commerce have been proposed. Since XML only defines a standardized syntax that introduces new tags used to represent data semantics, the task of defining a common set of tags and organizing tags into Data Type Definitions (DTDs) is left to developers of XML applications. XML applications do not interact with each other if their tags and DTDs are different. In this paper, we discuss and compare seven industrial standards for electronic commerce based on XML. They are BizTalk, CBL, cXML, IOTP, OAGIS, OCF, and RETML. Each standard is categorized according to its coverage of business activities. The following observations are made after examining industrial standards from different perspectives. Firstly, XML has a big impact on industrial standards for electronic commerce. Secondly, most industrial standards are not quite mature at the current stage, and there are no apparent leaders among the competitors. Thirdly, the complexity of their DTDs varies quantitatively and qualitatively. Fourthly, the integration of industrial standards is imperative if applications based on different standards intend to exchange XML documents smoothly.
A pentadic analysis of senator Edward Kennedy's address to the people of massachusetts, July 25, 1969

Using Kenneth Burke's concept of the pentad as the principal tool for content analysis? an examination was made of Senator Edward Kennedy's address of July 25, 1969. That analysis suggests that the speech depicted Kennedy as the victim of a scene he could not control and as the potential victim of other agents, the people of Masachusetts.
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

Recent research suggests an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, which may be related to an upsurge in the sequelae of chronic liver disease from hepatitis C virus. In addition to factors related to the underlying etiology of liver disease, a number of host factors such as age, gender, and ethnic background may be associated with this increased risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate a number of potential risk factors for HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with biopsy proven HCC were identified from our pathology and cancer registry databases. All those without histologic or clinical cirrhosis and non-HCC hepatic malignancies were excluded. Cirrhotic patients without HCC were also selected from the Cleveland Clinic unified transplant database and were designated controls. Extensive clinicodemographic data were obtained from the databases and chart reviews. When available, paraffin-embedded liver biopsy blocks were obtained for HFE gene analysis. Univariate comparisons were made with chi-square and Fisher's exact test and multivariate analysis was carried out with logistic regression. A total of 760 patients were included in this study, 244 documented cases of HCC and 516 cirrhotic controls without HCC. Patients' age (RR = 3.1 [2.6-3.8]; P < 0.0001), male gender (RR = 3.4 [2.3-5.1]; P < 0.0001), African-American ethnicity (RR = 3.1 [1.6-5.8]; P = 0.0005), and other non-Caucasian ethnicity (RR = 6.9 [3.2-14.4]; P < 0.0001) were independently associated with HCC. Restricting the analysis to HCV-related cirrhosis, the same risk factors remained independently associated with HCC: age (decade; RR = 2.3 [1.6-3.4]; P < 0.0001), male gender (RR = 2.9 [1.2-7.0]; P = 0.02), African-American ethnicity (RR = 3.1 [1.3-7.4]; P = 0.009), and other non-Caucasian ethnicity (RR = 15.8 [1.9-134]; P = 0.01). Iron studies did not reveal an increased risk for iron overload or HFE mutation. Male gender, advancing age, and non-Caucasian ethnic background are independently associated with HCC.
Optimizing outcomes with incretin-based therapies: practical information for nurse practitioners to share with patients.

Purpose: To introduce the role of incretin therapies and suggest strategies for nurse practitioners to implement them in practice. Data sources: PubMed, Medline, summary of product characteristics/package inserts. Conclusions: Incretin-based therapies offer a new alternative to currently available agents. They provide adequate levels of glycemic control and are associated with low incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, for example sitagliptin, have a modest effect on A1c levels (−0.7%) as monotherapy; however, they reduce A1c to a greater extent when combined with metformin (∼2.0%). Typical starting dose of sitagliptin is 100 mg; dose adjustments are required in subjects with renal complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, exenatide and liraglutide, reduce A1c levels (often in excess of 1.5%) and body weight. Exenatide has a starting dose of 5 μg and is not recommended for patients with hepatic impairment or severe/end-stage renal disease. Liraglutide has been found to benefit from a stepwise dose escalation (i.e., 0.6 mg weekly increments) until a 1.8-mg dose is reached. Unlike exenatide, dose adjustments in patients with renal and hepatic complications are not required. Implications for practice: Incretin-based therapies may help to overcome some of the drawbacks of current therapies used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Fluorocardiography (Electrokymography) During Normal Respiration

Summary(a) Fluorocardiography during normal respiration is possible by the use of an additional electrical filter, the physical basis and principle of which are given.(b) By using the filter, it is possible to record the fluorocardiogram of the child. This is of particular importance in congenital heart diseases.(c) By using the filter, it is possible to study dyspneic cases of emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, or congestive failure.(d) The use of the filter eliminates those slow waves of cardiac origin which may interfere with other rapid cardiac waves whose study is more important in particular cases.
Studies in passive transfer. 4. Rectal absorption of the antigen (egg white)

N VIEW of the interest in allergic as well as physiologic phenomena, the question of colonic absorption is important. This report presents data obtained in a study of that question. The products of protein digestion in vitro differ from the original protein by being slightly diffusible. For some time it was assumed that only diffusible protein was absorbed and hence that peptonization was essential. Schloss and Worthen,l however, demonstrated by precipitin and anaphylactic tests, that foreign protein might be absorbed. in an undigested or partially digested state. This has been more recently confirmed by Walzer2 by application of the local passive transfer phenomenon described by Prausnitz and Ktistner.3 Walzer showed that, in adults, oral administration of the antigen gave results quite comparable with those obtained by injection in the local sensitized skin areas. In a previous study4 me have reported similar results in new’born infants. There has remained, however, the question as to the site of this absorption in the intestinal tract. The opinion in many textbooks is that. absorption takes place above the cecum and that only water a.nd crystalloids are absorbed from the large bowel. The contrary evidence of Voit? has apparently been overlooked. Following rectal a.dministration of egg white and salt solution, they found an increase in urinary nitrogen. Since it was, known that practically no peptonization took place in the colon and since the effect of enzymes could be ruled out, absorption probably accounted for their findings. Egg white represents a nonassimilable type of protein in colztrast with its acid albumin fraction. Introduced in the blood stream the former substance is excreted by the kidney. Schloss and Worthenl demonstrated the presenee of egg white in the urine following oral administration. They emphasized the greater absorption from upset or abnormal intestinal t.racts. Colonic absorption is suggested from their findings since with increased peristalsis the chance of absorption from the upper intestinal tract is 1es.s. Yet it has been shown by previous passive transfer studies4 that the majority of healthy yoang infants will absorb egg white antigen after oral administration. The f olloming experiments were designed to see if application of local passive trans-
Biopsy using a Magnetic Capsule Endoscope Carrying, Releasing, and Retrieving Untethered Microgrippers

This paper proposes a new wireless biopsy method where a magnetically actuated untethered soft capsule endoscope carries and releases a large number of thermo-sensitive, untethered microgrippers (μ-grippers) at a desired location inside the stomach and retrieves them after they self-fold and grab tissue samples. We describe the working principles and analytical models for the μ-gripper release and retrieval mechanisms, and evaluate the proposed biopsy method in ex vivo experiments. This hierarchical approach combining the advanced navigation skills of centimeter-scaled untethered magnetic capsule endoscopes with highly parallel, autonomous, submillimeter scale tissue sampling μ-grippers offers a multifunctional strategy for gastrointestinal capsule biopsy.
Congress and the National Labor Relations Board: A review of the recent past

The evidence indicates that Congress has beem very active in monitoring and attempting to influence the NLRB. Although this has always been the case, the political environment of the Board has become even more unsettled since the late 1970s. The confirmation and appropriations processes havebecome at times extremely difficult with earlier regimes, memebers of Congress also seen quite willing to express their views directly to the Board, even on cases under review.
Variable sleep schedules and outcomes in children with psychopathological problems: preliminary observations.

Background Night-to-night variability in sleep of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be a mediator of behavioral phenotype. We examined the potential association between alertness, sleep, and eating behaviors in children with ADHD and comorbid problems.
Photochemical particulate formation in cyclohexene-nitrogen dioxide-air mixtures

Experiments were performed investigating the formation of condensation nuclei (particles smaller than 0.1 μm) and light scattering particles (particles larger than 0.3 μm) in cyclohexene-nitrogen dioxide-air mixtures flowing inside a 9 m long and 15 cm i.d. Pyrex tube irradiated by u.v. fluorescent lamps. The initial cyclohexene concentration in the mixture was varied from 0.5–50 ppm and the initial nitrogen dioxide concentration from 0.6–10 ppm. The number (cm−3) of both the nuclei and the particles were measured. The data provide the number of nuclei and particles formed in the mixture. On the basis of the data obtained, dimensionless parameters were established for correlating the numbers of nuclei and particles generated by photochemical reactions.