cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of OV-6, a putative progenitor cell marker in human fetal and diseased pediatric liver

The existence of progenitor (stem) cells in the human liver remains a matter of debate. In rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis and injury, oval cells proliferate in the periportal regions of the portal tracts and are suggested to derive from a stem cell compartment, because they are capable of differentiating into hepatocytes or biliary epithelial cells. In this study, the rat oval cell marker, OV-6 has been used to investigate the hypothesis that there are stem cells present in fetal and pediatric human liver. The pattern of OV-6 expression was compared with the established adult biliary cell markers human epithelial antigen-125 (HEA-125) and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19). In normal pediatric liver (n = 7), bile ducts and ductules were immunostained with CK-19 and HEA-125, whereas OV-6 staining was consistently negative. In fetal tissue (n = 10), ductal plate cells, primitive bile ducts, and hepatoblasts were stained with CK-19 and HEA-125 although only some of the ductal plate cells and hepatoblasts were OV-6 positive. In biliary atresia (n = 6) and α1, anti-trypsin deficiency (α1,AT) (n = 4), CK-19 and HEA-125 immunostained ductular proliferative cells that tended to form finely anastomosing ductules, whereas OV-6 staining was found more on discrete cells confined to portal tract margins. Additionally, in diseased liver, OV-6 was strongly positive in hepatocyte lobules with greatest intensity in the periseptal regions. This widespread hepatocyte OV-6 positivity suggests that the antibody may identify cells of a less differentiated phenotype (transitional hepatocytes) that have replaced the mature cells. Therefore, it is proposed that in human liver, OV-6 is recognizing cells with a progenitor stem cell-like phenotype with the capacity to differentiate into OV-6 positive ductular cells or lobular hepatocytes.
Formation of Soil-Bound Residues of Cyprodinil and Their Plant Uptake

The fungicide cyprodinil [4-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-2-(phenylamino)pyrimidine] labeled with 14C in either the phenyl or the pyrimidyl ring was incubated with four different soils under various conditions to evaluate the formation of bound residues and their subsequent plant uptake. About 60% of the initially applied radioactivity was bound to nonsterile soils within 90−180 days, whereas negligible binding was observed under sterile and anaerobic conditions. More binding was observed at higher soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon and nitrogen contents. When spring barley was grown in the methanol-extracted soil, the plant uptake of bound residues amounted to about 0.2% for the phenyl label and 1.2% for the pyrimidyl label. The difference indicated that the pyrimidyl moiety was detached from the cyprodinil molecule and taken up more readily. Keywords: Bound residues; plant uptake; cyprodinil; bioavailability; barley; fungicide
Evaluation of the use of coal volatiles as reburning fuel for NOx reduction

Abstract In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and kinetic models were used to investigate the relative performances of coal volatiles and natural gas reburning. This modeling approach considers fluid dynamic and non-isothermal effects, which were not considered in past laboratory flow reactor studies. The commercial CFD code FLUENT 6.1 was used to predict the residence times and temperatures for reburning tests in the down-fired combustor (DFC), a 0.5 MMBTU/h research combustor at The Pennsylvania State University. To predict NO x concentrations within the combustor, this data was then applied to an advanced reburning kinetic model used in past studies. For equal firing rates and stoichiometric ratios, reburning using methane yielded lower concentrations of NO x (and, therefore, better NO x reduction performance) than reburning using coal volatiles. The coal volatiles give increased flame temperature over natural gas, which apparently offsets the increased reburn zone hydrocarbon radical yield of coal volatiles over natural gas.
Thiophene-rich fused-aromatic thienopyrazine acceptor for donor–acceptor low band-gap polymers for OTFT and polymer solar cell applications

Thiophene enriched fused-aromatic thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine systems were designed and employed to produce low band gap polymers (Eg = 1.0–1.4 eV) when copolymerized with fluorene and cyclopentadithiophene. The copolymers are mainly investigated for organic thin film transistor and organic photovoltaic applications. Molecular packing in the thin films of these polymers was investigated using Grazing incidence X-ray Scattering. Although both fluorene and cyclopentadithiophene polymers follow similar face to face π–π stacking, the latter polymers show much smaller lamellar d-spacings due to side-chain interdigitation between the lamellae. This lead to the higher charge carrier mobilities in cyclopentadithiophene polymers (up to 0.044 cm2/V.s) compared to fluorene polymers (up to 8.1 × 10−3 cm2/V.s). Power conversion efficiency of 1.4% was achieved using fluorene copolymer in solar cells with a fullerene derivative as an acceptor. Although the cyclopentadithiophene polymers show lower band gaps with higher absorption coefficients compared to fluorene copolymers, but the power conversion efficiencies in solar cells of these polymers are low due to their low ionization potentials.
Hertzian plasmonic nanodimer as an efficient optical nanoantenna

Inspired by the geometry and shape of the classical radio-frequency radiator, the Hertzian dipole, here we analyze the design of a plasmonic optical dimer nanoantenna. We show how it may be possible to operate a pair of closely spaced spherical nanoparticles as an efficient optical nanoradiator, and how its tuning and matching properties may be tailored with great degree of freedom by designing suitable nanoloads placed at the dimer gap. In this sense, we successfully apply nanocircuit concepts to model the loading nanoparticles. High levels of optical radiation efficiency are achieved, even considering the realistic absorption of optical metals, thanks to this specific geometry and design.
Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Predictors of Success in Adult Education Programs: Evidence from Experimental Data with Low-Income Welfare Recipients.

Using data on approximately 2,000 low-income welfare recipients in a three-site random-assignment intervention conducted in the early 1990s (the NEWWS), we examine the role of cognitive and non-cognitive factors in moderating experimental impacts of an adult education training program for women who lacked a high school degree or GED at the time of random assignment. Both cognitive and noncognitive skills (in particular, locus of control) moderate treatment impacts. For the sample as a whole, assignment to an education-focused program had a statistically significant (albeit modest) 8 percentage point impact on the probability of degree receipt. For those with low cognitive skills, virtually all of these program impacts were eliminated. However, non-cognitive skills play a substantively important role such that women with high cognitive skills but low non-cognitive skills are only half as likely to earn a degree as their counterparts with high skills of both types. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Developmental mechanisms underlying the legacy of childhood experiences.

Developmental scientists tend to address ques- tions about mechanism in ways that, ironically, are not especially developmental. More specifically, although we now have a great deal of data that suggest that childhood experiences have implications for human development, we know little about the time course of such effects or the dynamic mechanisms that might sustain them. Why? Because longitudinal data are rarely analyzed in a man- ner that can probe the developmental mechanisms by which earlier experiences are carried forward over time. In this article, we explore this paradox in detail, propose a solution, and review a set of published examples that implement the solution with a focus on the predictive sig- nificance of early maternal sensitivity. We conclude with suggestions for work in this area.
EFFECT OF pH ON GENE EXPRESSION AND THERMAL TOLERANCE OF EARLY LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS)

A growing body of research on calcifying marine invertebrates suggests that ocean acidification will have deleterious effects on development and various physiological processes in these organisms. In laboratory experiments designed to mimic seawater chemistry in future oceans, we examined the effect of pH reduction, driven by the carbon dioxide (CO2) acidification of seawater, on larvae of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. Following development under CO2-acidified conditions, we measured 2 indicators of physiological response to low pH in 4 stages of larval development: (1) tolerance of acute thermal challenges and (2) quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-determined expression of 2 genes involved in shell formation (engrailed and ap24). The results showed that low pH (pH 7.87 vs. pH 8.05 for control treatments) had a significant effect and decreased larval thermal tolerance for some developmental stages (pretorsion and late veliger), but not for others (posttorsion and premetamorphic veligers). In contrast to the thermal tolerance data, decreased pH did not affect the expression pattern of the 2 shell formation genes in any of the abalone larval stages. The results indicate larval stages were differentially sensitive to low pH conditions and this variability may play into the resilience of individual species to withstand environmental change in the longer term.
Liquid hyper-absorption as a cause of increased DTPA clearance in the cystic fibrosis airway

Background Airway liquid hyper-absorption is a key pathophysiological link between the genetic mutations of cystic fibrosis (CF) and the development of lung disease. Here we consider whether the clearance of radiolabeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) might be used to detect changes in airway liquid absorption.
A case of plasmablastic lymphoma diagnosed on liquid‐based pap test

Primary gynecological lymphomas are rare and difficult to diagnose with Pap test. Herein, we report an uncommon case of plasmablastic lymphoma in a 61-year-old female with human immunodeficiency virus that presents with vaginal bleeding. The following case report shows the cytological features on liquid-based Pap test, cell block studies with diagnostic immunohistochemistry, discussion of the diagnostic difficulties, and a literature review. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:956–958. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subcondylar Mandible Fractures: A Review and Analysis of Outcomes

800.790.4001 Lindsay Eisler MD University of Minnresota Email: eisle003@umn.edu Objective: Identify patients treated for subcondylar mandible fracture, review complications, compare treatment groups, and compare outcomes of patients treated with different modalities. Setting: Level 1 trauma center Methods: Retrospective review and outcome study of 300 patients . Results: Ninety three patients had isolated subcondylar fractures and two hundred and seven had a subcondylar fracture and an additional mandible fracture. All patients’ charts were reviewed for mechanism of injury, presence of additional mandible or facial fractures, treatment plan, complications, and average follow up. Patients were divided into treatment groups; conservative, maxillomandibular fixation, and open reduction internal fixation. Averages of fracture measurements were determined for each treatment group. All patients were sent follow up questionnaires. The questionnaires addressed range of motion, function, occlusion, temporomandibular joint problem, static and dynamic pain, compliance with treatment, facial appearance and overall satisfaction with results. The questionnaires had a four point scoring system. Summary: No significant difference was observed between treatment groups, suggesting that displacement of fracture from mandibular condyle did not dictate treatment plan. Results from the returned questionnaires showed overall satisfied with their post operative range of motion, function, appearance, and occlusion. Patients overall did not suffer from problems with the temporomandibular joint. Patients did however endorse both static and dynamic pain. Overall patients were satisfied with their post treatment results. Subcondylar Mandible Fractures: A Review and Analysis of Outcomes
Probabilistic neural network as chromosome classifier

This paper applies a probabilistic neural network (PNN) towards the classification of human chromosomes. The inputs to the network are thirty different features extracted from the chromosome image. The output is one of twenty-four different classes of chromosomes. The network has been tested on Copenhagen, Edinburgh and Philadelphia databases. The recognition rates achieved in this study are better than conventional methods and comparable to another neural network technique, that has been previously reported.
GIRK4 Confers Appropriate Processing and Cell Surface Localization to G-protein-gated Potassium Channels

GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits combine to form the heterotetrameric acetylcholine-activated potassium current (IKACh) channel in pacemaker cells of the heart. The channel is activated by direct binding of G-protein Gβγsubunits. The GIRK1 subunit is atypical in the GIRK family in having a unique (∼125-amino acid) domain in its distal C terminus. GIRK1 cannot form functional channels by itself but must combine with another GIRK family member (GIRK2, GIRK3, or GIRK4), which are themselves capable of forming functional homotetramers. Here we show, using an extracellularly Flag-tagged GIRK1 subunit, that GIRK1 requires association with GIRK4 for cell surface localization. Furthermore, GIRK1 homomultimers reside in core-glycosylated and nonglycosylated states. Coexpression of GIRK4 caused the appearance of the mature glycosylated form of GIRK1. [35S]Methionine pulse-labeling experiments demonstrated that GIRK4 associates with GIRK1 either during or shortly after subunit synthesis. Mutant and chimeric channel subunits were utilized to identify domains responsible for GIRK1 localization. Truncation of the unique C-terminal domain of Δ374–501 resulted in an intracellular GIRK1 subunit that produced normal IKACh-like channels when coexpressed with GIRK4. Chimeras containing the C-terminal domain of GIRK1 from amino acid 194 to 501 were intracellularly localized, whereas chimeras containing the C terminus of GIRK4 localized to the cell surface. Deletion analysis of the GIRK4 C terminus identified a 25-amino acid region required for cell surface targeting of GIRK1/GIRK4 heterotetramers and a 25-amino acid region required for cell surface localization of GIRK4 homotetramers. GIRK1 appeared intracellular in atrial myocytes isolated from GIRK4 knockout mice and was not maturely glycosylated, supporting an essential role for GIRK4 in the processing and cell surface localization of IKACh in vivo.
Conversion from Continuous Insulin Infusions to Subcutaneous Insulin in Critically Ill Patients

Background:Continuous insulin infusions have become a standard of care in many intensive care units (ICUs); however, methods for transitioning patients from continuous infusions to other insulin therapies have not been extensively evaluated.Objective:To determine the most effective method for transitioning ICU patients from continuous insulin infusions to subcutaneous insulin therapy.Methods:A searchable pharmacy database at the University of North Carolina Hospitals was used to retrospectively identify adults admitted to the neurosurgery ICU and prescribed a continuous insulin infusion between May 2007 and February 2008, All patients were transitioned to subcutaneous insulin upon floor transfer. Patients were stratified according to the dose of subcutaneous insulin as a percentage of their prior 24-hour continuous insulin requirement and then analyzed on the rate of achievement of goal blood glucose values (80–150 mg/dL) within the first 48 hours after transition.Results:A total of 769 blood glucose valu...
Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight water‐soluble polymers

The synthesis of high molecular weight acrylic water-soluble polymers in heterophase water-in-oil polymerizations is discussed. A mechanism has been elucidated which includes elementary reactions in the continuous (organic) and dispersed (aqueous) phases, as well as the interfacial layer. The latter allows for the identification of interfacially active species which can concurrently enhance stability and increase the linear molecular weight of the polymer. Suitable species are found to contain multiple radically active functional groups on either the hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties. A one-point light-scattering method is also developed which improves the accuracy in molecular-weight estimation to /pi5%. compared with /pi10% for the conventional dilution procedure. This is demonstrated for high molecular weight polyacrylamides and is found to reduce the sample measurement time fourfold, to 20 min.
Radiation belt electron acceleration by chorus waves during the 17 March 2013 storm

Local acceleration driven by whistler-mode chorus waves is suggested to be fundamentally important for accelerating seed electron population to ultra-relativistic energies in the outer radiation belt. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate chorus-driven electron acceleration during the 17 March 2013 storm, when Van Allen Probes observed very rapid electron acceleration up to multi MeV within ∼15 hours. A clear peak in electron phase space density observed at L∗ ∼ 4 indicates that the internal local acceleration process was operating. We construct the global distribution of chorus wave intensity from the low-altitude electron measurements by multiple POES satellites over a broad L-MLT region, which is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics driven by chorus waves. Our simulation results show remarkable agreement with the observed electron PSD near its peak in timing, energy dependence, and pitch angle distribution, but other loss processes and radial diffusion may be required to explain the differences in observation and simulation at other locations away from the PSD peak. Our simulation results suggest that local acceleration by chorus waves is likely to be a robust and repetitive process and plays a critical role in accelerating radiation belt electrons from injected convective energies (∼ 100 keV) to ultra-relativistic energies (multi MeV).
THE FREEDOM TO BE RACIST? HOW THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE FREEDOM AND COMBAT RACISM

Erik Bleich, THE FREEDOM TO BE RACIST? HOW THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE FREEDOM AND COMBAT RACISM, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011, 205 pp., $24.95 (paper) ‘Don't j...
Investigational drug service advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE)

Abstract Although the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) provide standards and guidelines for required APPEs (community pharmacy, hospital or health system pharmacy, inpatient/acute care general medicine, and ambulatory care) and there are some published descriptions of other elective APPEs, there is little information regarding the provision of an elective APPE focusing on Investigational drug service (IDS) and/or clinical research. The purpose of this paper is to describe the IDS APPE that was developed by the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) IDS pharmacists in conjunction with the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy (UM COP). The IDS APPE is a four-week full-time program consisting of interaction with various IDS team members, topic discussions, opportunities for writing, and participation in IDS operations. Each week of the IDS APPE features a specific central theme, which includes both discussion topics and hands-on activities. While IDS practices may vary in size and scope, they all fulfill core regulatory requirements related to management of drugs used in clinical trials. Therefore, the IDS APPE description can be adapted and applied to other IDS practices in an effort to provide structure and foundation to the education of pharmacy students on an IDS APPE rotation. Further, it can be adapted into a general clinical research rotation with emphasis on the role of the pharmacist in the management of clinical trials and conduction of research for institutions that do not have a dedicated pharmacy service for clinical research (i.e., IDS).
Hoopl: a modular, reusable library for dataflow analysis and transformation

Dataflow analysis and transformation of control-flow graphs is pervasive in optimizing compilers, but it is typically entangled with the details of a particular compiler. We describe Hoopl, a reusable library that makes it unusually easy to define new analyses and transformations for any compiler written in Haskell. Hoopl's interface is modular and polymorphic, and it offers unusually strong static guarantees. The implementation encapsulates state-of-the-art algorithms (interleaved analysis and rewriting, dynamic error isolation), and it cleanly separates their tricky elements so that they can be understood independently.
Continental Stratus Clouds: A Case Study Using Coordinated Remote Sensing and Aircraft Measurements

Abstract A continental stratus cloud layer was studied by advanced ground-based remote sensing instruments and aircraft probes on 30 April 1994 from the Cloud and Radiation Testbed site in north-central Oklahoma. The boundary layer structure clearly resembled that of a cloud-topped mixed layer, and the cloud content is shown to be near adiabatic up to the cloud-top entrainment zone. A cloud retrieval algorithm using the radar reflectivity and cloud droplet concentration (either measured in situ or deduced using dual-channel microwave radiometer data) is applied to construct uniquely high-resolution cross sections of liquid water content and mean droplet radius. The combined evidence indicates that the 350–600 m deep, slightly supercooled (2.0° to −2.0°C) cloud, which failed to produce any detectable ice or drizzle particles, contained an average droplet concentration of 347 cm−3, and a maximum liquid water content of 0.8 g m−3 and mean droplet radius of 9 μm near cloud top. Lidar data indicate that the Ka...
Thyristor series resonant DC-DC chopper

A series resonant L-C circuit connected in series with the SCR provides a simple and reliable means of commutating the thyristor in a dc-dc chopper. By having the load connected in parallel with the resonant circuit and a diode shunting the capacitor, a Fixed SCR commutating voltage is maintained over a wide range of loads. An experimental model circuit was successfully operated with L-R , dc motor, and battery loads. In addition, the actual observed waveforms correspond closely with waveforms plotted with a digital computer simulation of the circuit.
Relations Between β-Lactamases and Penicillin-Binding Proteins: β-Lactamase Activity of Penicillin-Binding Protein 5 from Escherichia coli

The molecular mechanism of the hydrolysis of penicillin by penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 5 was investigated. Cysteine-115 had been previously implicated in the hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme intermediate in PBP5. In studies with oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, the role of cysteine-115 in the mechanism of PBP5 was investigated by the mutation of this residue to either a serine or an alanine residue. Genetic truncation of the studied proteins at their carboxyl termini resulted in the production of a soluble form of these proteins (sPBPs). The purified sPBPs were assayed for both their beta-lactamase and their D-alanine carboxypeptidase activities. The results of these assays indicate that the cysteine residue does not directly participate in the enzymatic mechanism. In a further investigation of the catalytic mechanism of beta-lactam hydrolysis, a soluble, naturally occurring mutant was purified in large amounts and crystallized from concentrated polyethylene glycol solutions. This mutant of PBP5 (sPBP5') has a near-normal acylation rate with respect to [14C]penicillin, but shows a drastic increase in the half-life of the acyl-enzyme complex. The crystals of sPBP5' diffract to greater than 3 A resolution and are suitable for detailed crystallographic analysis.
Exploring Memory Representations with Activity-Based Genetics

The brain is thought to represent specific memories through the activity of sparse and distributed neural ensembles. In this review, we examine the use of immediate early genes (IEGs), genes that are induced by neural activity, to specifically identify and genetically modify neurons activated naturally by environmental experience. Recent studies using this approach have identified cellular and molecular changes specific to neurons activated during learning relative to their inactive neighbors. By using opto- and chemogenetic regulators of neural activity, the neurons naturally recruited during learning can be artificially reactivated to directly test their role in coding external information. In contextual fear conditioning, artificial reactivation of learning-induced neural ensembles in the hippocampus or neocortex can substitute for the context itself. That is, artificial stimulation of these neurons can apparently cause the animals to "think" they are in the context. This represents a powerful approach to testing the principles by which the brain codes for the external world and how these circuits are modified with learning.
How Large are the Gains to Mexican Migrants and Those Who Stay Behind

This paper estimates the gains from migration for Mexican migrants, as well as those workers who never leave Mexico. I identify three ways in which migration to US affects Mexican nationals’ wages. First, there is the difference between the wages that Mexican migrants receive when in US and the wages that they would have received had they not migrated. However, the out migration of workers from Mexico also results in shifts in relative labor supplies of different education and experience groups within Mexico. Hence the relevant comparison of the gains of the migrants is that relative to the wages that they would have received had they stayed, not the wages we actually observe. Migration further affects the wages of those who stay behind, resulting from these very same labor supply shifts. Finally, I document a sizeable wage premium received by return migrants, which can be taken as evidence of either positive self-selection in terms of productivity among migrants, or as a result of human capital acquisition during the migration experience.
Characterization of ErAs:GaAs and LuAs:GaAs Superlattice Structures for Continuous-Wave Terahertz Wave Generation through Plasmonic Photomixing

We investigate the impact of ErAs:GaAs and LuAs:GaAs superlattice structures with different LuAs/ErAs nanoparticle depositions and superlattice geometries on terahertz radiation properties of plasmonic photomixers operating at a 780-nm optical wavelength. Our analysis indicates the crucial impact of carrier drift velocity and carrier lifetime on the performance of plasmonic photomixers. While higher carrier drift velocities enable higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies by offering higher quantum efficiencies, shorter carrier lifetimes allow achieving higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies by mitigating the negative impact of destructive terahertz radiation from slow photocarriers and preventing the carrier screening effect.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Maintains Normal Vascular Permeability by Preserving Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx in Intact Microvessels.

Objective S1P was found to protect the ESG by inhibiting MMP activity-dependent shedding of ESG in cultured endothelial cell studies. We aimed to further test that S1P contributes to the maintenance of normal vascular permeability by protecting the ESG in intact microvessels. Methods We quantified the ESG in post-capillary venules of rat mesentery and measured the vascular permeability to albumin in the presence and absence of 1 μM S1P. We also measured permeability to albumin in the presence of MMP inhibitors and compared the measured permeability with those predicted by a transport model for the inter-endothelial cleft. Results We found that in the absence of S1P, the fluorescence intensity of the FITC-anti–HS-labeled ESG was ~10% of that in the presence of S1P, whereas the measured permeability to albumin was ~6.5-fold of that in the presence of S1P. Similar results were observed with MMP inhibition. The predictions by the mathematical model further confirmed that S1P maintains microvascular permeability by preserving ESG. Conclusions Our results show that S1P contributes to the maintenance of normal vascular permeability by protecting the ESG in intact microvessels, consistent with parallel observation in cultured endothelial monolayers.
Who Are the Women Veterans in the Women’s Health Initiative?

1Veterans Affairs Pal`o Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC and Center for Implementation to Innovation (Ci2i), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto.2Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. 3Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center Stanford.
CONCENTRATIONS OF PRO-NEUROTENSIN, CARDIAC STRUCTURE, AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM IN THE COMMUNITY: THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY

Neurotensin is a peptide with a wide range of cardiovascular (CV) effects. We recently reported that blood concentrations of pro-neurotensin (pro-NT; the stable pro-fragment of neurotensin) are associated with incident CV events in the community. We now relate circulating pro-NT concentrations to
Memories of Movement in a Postfeminist Context: Conservative Fusion in the Rhetoric of Tammy Bruce and “Dr. Laura” Schlessinger

Feminist rhetorical critics have located the right's efforts to attract female voters through the allure of “conservative feminism.” Missing from this discussion, however, is a richer understanding of the ideologies from which “conservative feminism” emerges. We reveal a key rhetorical strategy for the right: memories of feminism. Fragments from two prominent conservative women—Tammy Bruce and “Dr. Laura” Schlessinger—reveal how meanings about social movement are always subject to change via social struggle. We consider the implications of Schlessinger's and Bruce's memories of liberal feminism as a radical movement, and their fostering of identification through subjects reminiscent of classical liberalism.
Immunologic identification of Coxsackie A21 virus with Coe virus.

SummaryCross neutralization tests in HeLa cell cultures, using both the monolayer and metabolic-inhibition technics, show the Coe virus, etiologically associated with respiratory disease, to be immunologically indistinguishable from the recently-described Cox-sackie group A, type 21, virus.
13 SUPERIOR VENA CAVA THROMBUS FOLLOWING L-ASPARAGINASE THERAPY.

Objective To report a case of superior vena cava thrombus in an 18-year-old female after treatment with l-asparaginase who recently presented to our pediatric intensive care unit, to review the literature for risk factors that may place certain patients at higher risk for this complication, and to discuss treatment options available. Design Case report and review of the literature. Setting A 19-bed pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Patient An 18-year-old female with CNS relapse of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Interventions Treatment of thrombus with alteplase and heparin therapy. Main Results After presenting to the pediatric intensive care unit, the patient was noted to have venous congestion of her head, arms, and upper trunk. CT venogram of the chest revealed a nearly occlusive thrombus within the superior vena cava. Treatment resulted in decreased swelling of the face and neck, a decrease in venous congestion, and a decrease in the size of the thrombus on repeat CT scan. Conclusions Thrombus formation and bleeding are both documented complications of treatment with l-asparaginase. Factors that may have increased this patient9s risk of venous thrombus include a subclavian central venous catheter and oral contraceptive therapy. In this case, treatment with systemic alteplase and heparin resulted in improvement of symptoms as well as reduction in thrombus size within 24 hours of initiation.
219 ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODS TO ASSESS CAROTID ARTERY INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS.

Purpose HIV-associated morbidity and mortality have decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Previous studies have shown that HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for atherosclerosis, independent of other risk factors. Measurement of carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) is a noninvasive method of assessing atherosclerosis that predicts myocardial infarction and stroke even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Wherease some studies of HIV patients have shown increased carotid IMT measurements, others have not. We hypothesized that the disparity between these studies may result from different methods used to measure carotid IMT, namely, either including or excluding the bifurcation region. Methods Carotid IMT data were available from 230 HIV-infected individuals. Measurements were taken on both right and left sides at a total of 12 sites per subject. These included the near and far walls of the common carotid artery (CCA), the bifurcation (BIF), and the internal carotid artery (ICA). A carotid plaque was defined as IMT ≥ 1.5 mm. Results The mean IMT of all sites (0.97 mm ± 0.40) was significantly higher than the mean taken from only the CCA (0.74 mm ± 0.30; p Conclusion These data suggest that the different results from recent carotid IMT studies in HIV patients may result from important differences in IMT measurement protocols, some of which exclude the most common sites for plaque formation. A standard procedure should be established to be able to compare the results from different centers. As the majority of disease in our HIV patients was found at the BIF region, we recommend a measurement protocol that includes this specific region.
R86Q, a mutation in BmAChE3 yielding a Rhipicephalus microplus organophosphate-insensitive acetylcholinesterase.

Mutations were identified in the cDNA sequence encoding the acetylcholinesterase BmAChE3 in strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) resistant or susceptible to organophosphate (OP) acaricide. The mutation that occurred most frequently in the OP-resistant San Roman strain resulted in a substitution of glutamine (Q) for arginine (R) at position 86 in BmAChE3 (position 66 in mature BmAChE). Clones containing the mutant and wild-type cDNA sequences were expressed in the baculovirus system. Enzyme kinetics of recombinant BmAChE3 containing or lacking the R86Q mutation demonstrated that the R86Q mutation increased substrate affinity and conferred insensitivity to paraoxon inhibition. This is the first demonstration of a mutation in a gene encoding an ixodid acetylcholinesterase resulting in OP insensitivity. A restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was developed and used to diagnose the frequency of the R86Q mutation in BmAChE3 genomic DNA from seven laboratory-colonized strains. Use of the R86Q diagnostic assay detected an increased frequency of the R86Q mutation in OP-resistant tick strains compared with that of OP-susceptible strains; however, the R86Q mutation was also present in OP-susceptible strains at unexpectedly high frequency. Because the R86Q mutation generates an OP-resistant enzyme in vitro and it is present at an elevated frequency in laboratory strains selected for OP resistance, we conclude that the data are consistent with a potential role for BmAChE3 in development of OP resistance; however, because the R86Q mutation has a high frequency in susceptible strains, the R86Q mutation alone is insufficient to generate the OP-resistant phenotype at the organismal level. There are likely to be additional mutations in BmAChE3, mutations in additional acetylcholinesterase genes, or additional resistance mechanisms (e.g., oxidative metabolism) that contribute to expression of the OP-resistant phenotype.
Spinal Cord Infarction: Varying Degrees of Upper and Lower Motoneuron Dysfunction

Five patients with spinal cord infarction underwent electrophysiologic evaluation. Two subjects with complete paralysis had absent compound muscle action potentials (M-responses), suggesting complete loss of lower motoneurons (LMN). Three subjects with incomplete cord infarction had preserved M-responses, reduced voluntary recruitment and abnormally slow motor-unit firing rates during maximal effort, suggesting upper motoneuron (UMN) weakness. These five patients demonstrate a range of neuronal damage after cord ischemia. With severe cord infarction, there is LMN degeneration and paralysis. With partial cord infarction, there is selective interneuron loss, resulting in UMN weakness. Electrodiagnostic evaluation can help determine prognosis for motor recovery after spinal cord infarction.
The emerging role of HPV in head and neck cancer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 90 % of the tumors that arise in the head and neck region. These have long been considered to be a disease of older men in their 60s and 70s that are associated with heavy use of tobacco and alcohol. As smoking became more prevalent among women in the 1940s and 1950s, more women were affected by this cancer type. However, in the past 20 years as fewer people smoke, there has been a slow decline in the incidence of larynx cancer, but at the same time, there has been an increase in the incidence of cancers of the palatine tonsil and base of tongue. This has been accompanied by a shift in the demographics with an increase in the frequency of younger people, mostly men in their 40s and 50s, presenting with oropharyngeal cancers. Remarkably, these younger patients also report a much lower frequency of tobacco use, suggesting that a different etiology was a factor for these cancers. Many studies have now implicated high-risk human papillomaviruses, notably HPV16 and HPV18, but also other types in the etiology of oropharyngeal as well as some nasopharyngeal, oral, and laryngeal cancers. In this chapter we will summarize the background for papillomavirus carcinogenicity, the discovery of HPV in head and neck cancers, and the current status of their role in the etiology and response to therapy.
POSITIONAL INFORMATION AS A REGULATOR OF GROWTH IN THE IMAGINAL WING DISC OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the factors that regulate growth and pattern formation in insect epidermal cells and discusses surgical experiments that demonstrate that positional information plays an important role in regulating both growth and pattern formation in the imaginal wing discs of Drosophila. This regulation involves extensive intercellular communication between the cells of the disc. The chapter presents the polar coordinate model of pattern regulation, which accounts for most features of both growth and pattern regulation in imaginal discs except for the regeneration that occurs after prolonged culture. The chapter describes experiments that confirm that the regulation of pattern formation and growth are closely coupled in imaginal discs and other sheets of epidermal cells. Results confirm that the extent to which specific regions grow and the pattern of cytodifferentiation in imaginal discs and other epidermal sheets are both controlled by local homeostatic responses involving contact and continuity between one epidermal cell and the next. The results in the chapter also emphasize that growth and pattern formation in the two-dimensional world, in which insect epidermal cells live, depends upon intercellular communication.
On the Structure of Linear Cellular Automata

We introduce a new class of cellular automata, much richer than the classical one. These one dimensional cellular automata, called here linear, are presented together with their properties in the first section of the paper. We characterize linear functions which are global transition functions for certain bounded linear cellular automata. Finally, some results concerning the limit sets and a remarkable structure for isometric linear cellular automata are also included.
Crohn’s Disease

Perianal and rectovaginal fistula are common and challenging problems for patients with Crohn’s disease. The initial steps in treating Crohn’s fistula patients revolve around obtaining control of the underlying intestinal disease. Optimum medical therapy must be implemented if surgical treatment is going to be successful. Several different surgical treatment options exist, and depend on the size, number, and location of the fistula, as well as the gender of the patient. These include fistulotomy/fistulectomy, plugs, glues, advancement flaps, tissue transposition, and the LIFT procedure. Though many of these options have shown promise, recurrence rates remain high, and further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of these patients.
Black perspectives and social work practice

ABSTRACTSocial work and social welfare have historically operated from a Black perspective in understanding problems, identifying structural inequities, and designing social services for the Black community. Obviously there is no singular Black perspective, but a diversity of models promulgated by diverse players for meeting the community’s needs. Often marginalized, the practice models discussed herein provide divergent approaches and illustrate the critical roles that the Black perspective played in shaping the evolution of the social work profession.
Brainbook: An Impact Study of a Statewide Concussion Awareness Training for High-School Athletes

With so much recent attention given to the diagnosis and treatment of and recovery from brain injuries, the sports world is now recognizing concussions as a major public health concern. This article examines the impact of an e-learning course designed to improve student engagement by replicating popular social network features such as blog posts, videos, and the like. In addition, this article outlines the program overview, evaluation procedures, results, implications of the resulting data, and recommendations for further action.
Iron Overload in Survivors of Childhood Cancer.

BACKGROUND Patients transfused with packed red blood cells (PRBC), including childhood cancer survivors (CCS), experience complications. We describe iron overload (ferritin>500 ng/mL) prevalence and identify risk factors in CCS. OBSERVATIONS Of 116 participants, 3 (2.6%) had elevated ferritin. All were teenagers at cancer diagnosis and received >8000 mL PRBC. Total PRBC volume correlated best with elevated ferritin (r=0.74; P<0.0001). PRBC (8000 mL) had the best positive and negative predictive value (75% and 100%, respectively) for iron overload. CONCLUSIONS CCS may have iron overload. Overall prevalence is low. At-risk include teenagers at diagnosis and those receiving higher total PRBC volumes.
Trends in Reoperation After Initial Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer: Addressing Overtreatment in Surgical Management.

Importance Surgery after initial lumpectomy to obtain more widely clear margins is common and may lead to mastectomy. Objective To describe surgeons’ approach to surgical margins for invasive breast cancer, and changes in postlumpectomy surgery rates, and final surgical treatment following a 2014 consensus statement endorsing a margin of “no ink on tumor.” Design, Setting, and Participants This was a population-based cohort survey study of 7303 eligible women ages 20 to 79 years with stage I and II breast cancer diagnosed in 2013 to 2015 and identified from the Georgia and Los Angeles County, California, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. A total of 5080 (70%) returned a survey. Those with bilateral disease, missing stage or treatment data, and with ductal carcinoma in situ were excluded, leaving 3729 patients in the analytic sample; 98% of these identified their attending surgeon. Between April 2015 and May 2016, 488 surgeons were surveyed regarding lumpectomy margins; 342 (70%) responded completely. Pathology reports of all patients having a second surgery and a 30% sample of those with 1 surgery were reviewed. Time trends were analyzed with multinomial regression models. Main Outcomes and Measures Rates of final surgical procedure (lumpectomy, unilateral mastectomy, bilateral mastectomy) and rates of additional surgery after initial lumpectomy over time, and surgeon attitudes toward an adequate lumpectomy margin. Results The 67% rate of initial lumpectomy in the 3729 patient analytic sample was unchanged during the study. The rate of final lumpectomy increased by 13% from 2013 to 2015, accompanied by a decrease in unilateral and bilateral mastectomy ( P = .002). Surgery after initial lumpectomy declined by 16% ( P P Conclusions and Relevance Additional surgery after initial lumpectomy decreased markedly from 2013 to 2015 concomitant with dissemination of clinical guidelines endorsing a minimal negative margin. These findings suggest that surgeon-led initiatives to address potential overtreatment can reduce the burden of surgical management in patients with cancer.
DYNAMIC INSTABILITY IN ADIABATIC THERMOPLASTIC SHEAR

The formation of adiabatic shear bands in ductile metals under dynamic loading conditions is generally thought to result from a material instability which is associated with a peak in the curve of engineering plastic flow stress vs. engineering shear strain. This instability rises from the effect of thermal softening, caused by irreversible adiabatic heating, which counteracts the tendency of the material to harden with increasing plastic strain. Asymptotic analysis of a one-dimensional rigid-thermoviscoplastic model, based on data taken from dynamic torsion experiments on thin-walled tubes of mild steel, shows that shear band formation in this situation can be interpreted as a bifurcation from a homogeneous shearing deformation which occurs near the peak in the homogeneous stress-strain curve. It can be shown that the growth rate of small perturbations on the homogeneous deformation is controlled by the ratio of the slope of the homogeneous stress vs. strain curve to the material viscosity, i.e., the rate of change of the plastic flow stress with respect to the strain-rate. In addition, it can be shown that this growth rate is essentially independent of the wavelength of the small perturbation. Numerical methods can be used to show that this growth rate beyond the bifurcation point may not be sufficiently large for the model to account for the experimental data.