cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inorganic phosphate in human erythrocytes.

AbstractThis work was supported by Contract DA 49–007-MD-435 with the Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Medical Research and Development Board, Washington, D. C, and by Contract H-1142 (C-5) with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, U. S. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U. S. A.
Divine freedom and the choice of a world

L'A. affirme que la reponse de Thomas Morris au probleme de la volonte divine, si seduisante qu'elle soit, le devient beaucoup moins lorsqu'on pense au monde meilleur que Dieu pourrait creer. Il defend une conception de la liberte divine differente selon laquelle cette liberte est compatible avec l'action divine en tant qu'elle a lieu necessairement
An information theoretic approach to processing management

In region surveillance applications, sensors oftentimes accumulate an overwhelmingly large amount of data, making it infeasible to process all of the collected data in real-time. For example, a multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) flown on an airborne platform could receive on the order of 10 GBits of data per second. This data can be exploited in a number of ways (e.g., constructing a detected image, applying an ATR algorithm, or performing moving target processing) each of which requires significant computational resources. Given the enormous amount of data and the correspondingly large number of potential exploitation algorithms, there simply are not enough computational resources to process all of the data with all possible exploitation algorithms. The natural question then becomes one of how to most effectively utilize limited processing resources so as to facilitate real time exploitation of the collected data. This paper presents an information theoretic approach for processing action selection which is predicated on predicting the amount of information flow each potential processing action is expected to generate. The aim is to select those exploitation algorithms (and, in general, the physical region and algorithm parameter settings) that will be most useful in refining the underlying estimate of the surveillance region state. We show by simulation on a model problem that the information theoretic method is able to outperform other methods of processing selection.
The Good, the Bad, and the Just: Justice Sensitivity Predicts Neural Response during Moral Evaluation of Actions Performed by Others

Morality is a fundamental component of human cultures and has been defined as prescriptive norms regarding how people should treat one another, including concepts such as justice, fairness, and rights. Using fMRI, the current study examined the extent to which dispositions in justice sensitivity (i.e., how individuals react to experiences of injustice and unfairness) predict behavioral ratings of praise and blame and how they modulate the online neural response and functional connectivity when participants evaluate morally laden (good and bad) everyday actions. Justice sensitivity did not impact the neuro-hemodynamic response in the action-observation network but instead influenced higher-order computational nodes in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), right dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (rdlPFC, dmPFC) that process mental states understanding and maintain goal representations. Activity in these regions predicted praise and blame ratings. Further, the hemodynamic response in rTPJ showed a differentiation between good and bad actions 2 s before the response in rdlPFC. Evaluation of good actions was specifically associated with enhanced activity in dorsal striatum and increased the functional coupling between the rTPJ and the anterior cingulate cortex. Together, this study provides important knowledge in how individual differences in justice sensitivity impact neural computations that support psychological processes involved in moral judgment and mental-state reasoning.
Can computer-generated evidence-based care suggestions enhance evidence-based management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A randomized, controlled trial

In 2001, the Institute of Medicine documented the gap between recommended and actual practice of medicine in the United States (Institute of Medicine 2001). Many proven interventions were not routinely being used. Reactive airways diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are an example. They are common, morbid, and costly conditions (McFadden and Gilbert 1992). Despite widely accepted evidence-based treatment guidelines (Canadian Thoracic Society Workshop Group 1992; National Asthma Education Program Expert Panel Report. Executive Summary: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma 1994), many physicians do not prescribe such treatments to patients who might benefit from them (Cabana et al. 2001). The Institute of Medicine has also stated that electronic medical record systems are “an essential technology for health care” (Institute of Medicine, Committee on Improving the Medical Record 1991) that could improve medical practice (Johnston et al. 1994; Tierney 2001). However, clinical information systems are expensive (Dambro, Weiss, and McClure 1988), potentially intrusive (Krall and Sittig 2001), and have not always improved care (Johnston et al. 1994). We have previously shown that computer-based interventions can increase preventive care (McDonald et al. 1984; Tierney, Hui, and McDonald 1986; McDonald et al. 1999; Tierney 2001) and reduce costs (Tierney, Miller, and McDonald 1990; Tierney et al. 1993). We have had less success affecting chronic management of renal disease (Harris et al. 1998) or heart disease (Tierney et al. 2003; Subramanian et al. 2004). We assessed whether guideline-based care suggestions delivered via physicians' and pharmacists' computer workstations could improve the outpatient management and outcomes among patients with asthma or COPD.
Clinical utility of tibial motor and sensory nerve conduction studies with motor recording from the flexor hallucis brevis: a methodological and reliability study.

Background Standard tibial motor nerve conduction measures are established with recording from the abductor hallucis. This technique is often technically challenging and clinicians have difficulty interpreting the information particularly in the short segment needed to assess focal tibial nerve entrapment at the medial ankle as occurs in posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. The flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) has been described as an alternative site for recording tibial nerve function in those with posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. Normative data has not been established for this technique. This pilot study describes the technique in detail. In addition we provide reference values for medial and lateral plantar orthodromic sensory measures and assessed intrarater reliability for all measures.
Varicocele repair improves semen parameters in azoospermic men with spermatogenic failure.

AbstractPurpose: We analyzed the efficacy of varicocele repair in improving semen parameters in azoospermic men with spermatogenic failure.Materials and Methods: After routine clinical evaluation with confirmatory pellet analysis testicular biopsy and varicocele repair were simultaneously performed in 28 azoospermic men with a primary diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral varicocele and spermatogenic failure. Semen analyses were obtained starting 4 months after varicocelectomy.Results: Repair was bilateral repair in 20 men and unilateral in 8. Of the 28 men 12 (43%) had sperm in the ejaculate with a mean postoperative sperm count plus or minus standard deviation of 1.2 +/− 3.6 × 106/ml. and an average followup of 24 months. Mean sperm motility was 19 +/− 24% (range 0 to 80). Testicular biopsy was predictive of outcome. Only 9 men with severe hypospermatogenesis and 5 with maturation arrest spermatid stage had improvement in sperm density. No improvement was seen in 3 men with the Sertoli-cell-only pattern ...
Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase-4 and -3 Inhibitors in Th1-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors have the potential to modulate immune responses from the Th1 toward the Th2 phenotype and are considered candidate therapies for Th1-mediated autoimmune disorders. However, depending on the model and cell types employed, studies of atopic individuals have come to the opposite conclusion, i.e., that PDE inhibitors may be beneficial in asthma. Using in vitro immunopharmacologic techniques we analyzed the effects of PDE4 and PDE3 inhibitors on human immune cells to address these discrepancies and broaden our understanding of their mechanism of action. Our results indicate that PDE inhibitors have complex inhibitory effects within in vivo achievable concentration ranges on Th1-mediated immunity, whereas Th2-mediated responses are mostly unaffected or enhanced. The Th2 skewing of the developing immune response is explained by the effects of PDE inhibitors on several factors contributing to T cell priming: the cytokine milieu; the type of costimulatory signal, i.e., up-regulation of CD86 and down-regulation of CD80; and the Ag avidity. The combination of PDE4 and PDE3 inhibitors expresses synergistic effects and may broaden the therapeutic window. Finally, we observed a differential sensitivity to PDE inhibition in autoreactive vs foreign Ag-specific T cells and cells derived from multiple sclerosis patients vs those derived from healthy donors. This suggests that PDE inhibition weakens the strength of the T cell stimulus and corrects the underlying disease-associated cytokine skew in T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. These new findings broaden the understanding of the immunomodulatory actions of PDE inhibitors and underscore their promising drug profile for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Parenting Characteristics of Women Reporting a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse

This article reviews research on the parenting characteristics of female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Various aspects of parenting are considered, including (a) childbearing patterns, (b) the intergenerational transmission of CSA, (c) maternal reactions to child CSA disclosure, (d) parenting skills and behaviors, (e) parental violence toward children, (f) attitudes toward parenting, and (g) adjustment of survivors' children. Overall patterns suggest CSA survivors may experience difficulties with some aspects of parenting. Among the more consistent trends are findings that survivors may have difficulties establishing clear generational boundaries with their children, may be more permissive as parents, and may be more likely to use harsh physical discipline. Despite associations between CSA and parenting difficulties, the limited research addressing specific aspects of parenting, and limitations in study design, preclude causal inferences and make conclusions tentative at the present time. The clinical implications of this work and directions for future research are discussed.
EVALUATION OF TRUNCATED ARROW-PER-LANE GUIDE SIGNS

Some freeway and expressway interchanges contain an interior option lane in which traffic in that lane can choose to exit or remain on the route at the split. The 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices requires that either the Overhead Arrow per Lane or the diagrammatic guide sign designs be used for all multilane exits at major interchanges that have an optional exit lane that also carries the through route. However, some practitioners believe that it is cost-prohibitive and unnecessary to install Overhead Arrow per Lane guide signs at minor interchanges. Given the benefits of Overhead Arrow per Lane guide signs, a condensed version of an Overhead Arrow per Lane guide sign is needed for use where a full Overhead Arrow per Lane guide sign is not a reasonable option. A truncated version of the sign, which could be displayed on existing cantilever structures, would eliminate the expense of installing larger structures while still reaping the benefits of the Arrow per Lane sign concept. This study id...
Camera geometries for image matching in 3-D machine vision

The location of a scene element can be determined from the disparity of two of its depicted entities (each in a different image). Prior to establishing disparity, however, the correspondence problem must be solved. It is shown that for the axial-motion stereo camera model the probability of determining unambiguous correspondence assignments is significantly greater than that for other stereo camera models. However, the mere geometry of the stereo camera system does not provide sufficient information for uniquely identifying correct correspondences. Therefore, additional constraints derived from justifiable assumptions about the scene domain and from the scene radiance model are utilized to reduce the number of potential matches. The measure for establishing the correct correspondence is shown to be a function of the geometrical constraints, scene constraints, and scene radiance model. >
Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by reovirus occurs through a receptor-linked signaling pathway that is mimicked by antiidiotypic, antireceptor antibody.

Mammalian reovirus type 3 binds to a 67-kD surface glycoprotein on the membrane of neuronal cells. This interaction initiates the infective reovirus cycle. The physiological function of this virus receptor is not known, however, initial studies illustrate a striking structural and antigenic homology to the beta adrenergic receptor family. The earliest known pathologic effect of reovirus type 3 is an inhibition of host cell DNA synthesis within 8-10 h after virus attachment. The studies reported here demonstrate that binding and aggregation of reovirus receptor molecules provides the signal for this inhibitory process. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in the neuroblastoma cell line B104.G4 was unaffected by using replication-defective virus or when lysosomal processing of normal virus was blocked. Inhibition was mimicked by an antiidiotypic, antireceptor mAb. Inhibition was not observed when monovalent mAb fragments were bound to receptors, but was reconstituted when these fragments were aggregated by the addition of anti-Ig. The signal for the inhibitory effect was generated within the first 60 min after mAb binding. These observations demonstrate that reovirus and antiidiotypic pathogenicity can result from the perturbation of membrane proteins that may perform normal physiological functions.
Resolution of an absolute scotoma and improvement of relative scotomata after successful macular hole surgery

Visual loss in eyes with full-thickness macular holes is thought to be caused by the absence of retinal function in the area of the neurosensory defect as well as reduction in retinal function in the surrounding area of neurosensory retinal detachment. To improve characterization of the visual function of eyes after successful macular hole surgery, we studied six eyes preoperatively and postoperatively with macular microperimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Best-corrected visual acuity was improved postoperatively in all eyes. Microperimetry performed preoperatively demonstrated an absolute scotoma that corresponded to the neurosensory defect in all eyes, with surrounding concentric isopters of relative scotomata. No detectable absolute scotoma was found in any eye postoperatively. All eyes showed partial or complete resolution of the surrounding relative scotomata. Improvements in visual acuity after successful macular hole surgery may be related to disappearance of a detectable absolute scotoma as well as improvement in the surrounding retinal function.
Clay quantification and Ar–Ar dating of synthetic and natural gouge: Application to the Miocene Sierra Mazatán detachment fault, Sonora, Mexico

Direct dating of brittle fault rocks has been predicated on the assumption that illite in fault gouge is a mixture of two populations of clays: one detrital, derived from the wall rock, and the other authigenic, forming in the brittle fault zone during faulting. Owing to complex diagenetic histories of wallrock shales in previous fault-dating studies, this assumption has remained largely untested. We demonstrate the validity of our clay quantification technique using calculated WILDFIRE© patterns to accurately model both artificial mixtures of 2M1 and 1Md illite, and natural mixtures in young fault gouges. Using our quantification approach, we obtain well-defined detrital and authigenic ages from the Sierra Mazatan metamorphic core complex in Sonora, Mexico. Because the age population of the wall rock is well constrained by cooling ages, we confirm that the detrital component in the gouge is the age of the footwall granite, while the age of the authigenic component is the time at which faulting ceased, which is in agreement with field constraints. Based on the Ar–Ar age and the thermal conditions for the growth of the authigenic illite we also conclude that the Sierra Mazatan detachment continued slipping in the brittle regime at strain rates similar to those for the plastic regime (on the order of 10−14 s−1).
Neurofilament subunit protein abnormalities in the thalamus in schizophrenia

Abstract Postmortem and in vivo imaging studies have revealed structural and functional pathology in the thalamus in schizophrenia. We have reported a series neurochemical changes in the thalamus in schizophrenia, including decreased expression of NMDA receptor subunit transcripts and increased levels of NMDA receptor-associated intracellular proteins like postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and neurofilament-light (NF-L) chain that link the NMDA receptor to downstream signal transduction pathways. NF-L, along with the neurofilament subunit proteins NF-medium (NF-M) chain and NF-heavy (NF-H) chain, assemble to form neurofilaments, one of the most abundant cytoskeletal elements. While the neurofilament subunits play a crucial role in sustaining the neuronal cytoskeleton, two subunits, NF-L and NF-M, also participate in neurotransmission, interacting with the NMDA and the dopamine D1 receptors, respectively. In the present study, using in situ hybridization, we determined whether all of the neurofilament subunits (NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H) are abnormally expressed in the thalamus in schizophrenia, or whether the abnormality is specific to NF-L. We found that NF-L and NF-M transcripts are both increased in schizophrenia, but the expression of NF-H is unchanged. Both NF-L and NF-M play an important role in maintaining the neuronal cytoskeleton, so abnormal transcript expression may be associated with structural thalamic pathology. Alternatively, since these proteins are also known to interact with the NMDA and D1 dopamine receptors, abnormal transcript levels may be associated with abnormalities of neurotransmission in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Lethargy, Failure to Thrive, and Vomiting in a Neonate

Questions: 1. What are this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 2. How do you explain this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 3. What additional test(s) should be performed on this infant and why? 4. What is this patient’s most likely diagnosis? 5. How is this patient’s disorder “definitively” diagnosed? 6. What are the principal developmental abnormalities and other illnesses in an untreated individual affected with this patient’s disorder? 7. How should this patient be treated?
Neuropsychological Testing Predicts Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Psychometric tests predict conversion of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Because the definition of clinical AD relies on those same psychometric tests, the ability of these tests to identify underlying AD pathology remains unclear. 14 15 16 Objective: To determine the degree to which psychometric testing predicts molecular evidence of AD amyloid pathology, as indicated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid- (A)1-42, in patients with MCI, as compared to neuroimaging biomarkers. 17 18 Methods: We identified 408 MCI subjects with CSF A levels, psychometric test data, FDG-PET scans, and acceptable volumetric MR scans from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We used psychometric tests and imaging biomarkers in univariate and multivariate models to predict A status.
Multivariate fuzzy perturbed neural network operators approximation

This article studies the determination of the rate of convergence to the unit of each of three newly introduced here multivariate fuzzy perturbed normalized neural network operators of one hidden layer. These are given through the multivariate fuzzy modulus of continuity of the involved multivariate fuzzy number valued function or its high order fuzzy partial derivatives and that appears in the right-hand side of the associated fuzzy multivariate Jackson type inequalities. The multivariate activation function is very general, especially it can derive from any sigmoid or bell-shaped function. The right hand sides of our multivariate fuzzy convergence inequalities do not depend on the activation function. The sample multivariate fuzzy functionals are of Stancu, Kantorovich and Quadrature types. We give applications for the rst fuzzy partial derivatives of the involved function. c 2014 All rights reserved.
A Multilevel Upscaling Method for Material Characterization of Additively Manufactured Part Under Uncertainties

An integrated multiscale modeling framework that incorporates a simulation-based upscaling technique is developed and implemented for the material characterization of additively manufactured cellular structures in this paper. The proposed upscaling procedure enables the determination of homogenized parameters at multiple levels by matching the probabilistic performance between fine and coarse scale models. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is employed in the upscaling procedure to handle the computational burden caused by the input uncertainties. Efficient uncertainty quantification is achieved at the mesoscale level by utilizing the developed upscaling technique. The homogenized parameters of mesostructures are utilized again at the macroscale level in the upscaling procedure to accurately obtain the overall material properties of the target cellular structure. Actual experimental results of additively manufactured parts are integrated into the developed procedure to demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
Spiritual rationality: papal embargo as cultural practice

Stefan Stantchev has produced an exhaustively researched and interestingly conceptualized study of the history of papal prohibitions of trade with the enemies of Christendom in medieval and early m...
Preventive ear care for dogs and cats.

Prevention of ear disease in dogs and cats depends on early detection of factors that predispose these animals to otitis externa. This article reviews the conditions and diseases that place the dog and cat at risk for otitis externa. Routine care of the ears is discussed, and otoscopic examination and techniques for cleaning external auditory canals are described. Avoidance of potentially harmful therapeutic proce•lures and irritating or ototoxic pharmacologic substances is emphasized.
Competencies for Patient Safety and Quality Improvement: A Synthesis of Recommendations in Influential Position Papers

Article-at-a-Glance Background There is limited conformity among patient safety and quality improvement (QI) competencies of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA), by stage of skill acquisition, essential for all health professionals. A study was conducted to identify, categorize, critically appraise, and discuss implications of competency recommendations published in influential position papers. Methods A literature search was conducted of competency recommendations in position papers published by national and international professional associations, expert panels, consortia, centers and institutes, and convened committees, in the domain of patient safety and QI. To be included in the analysis, the competency had to be recommended in at least 20% (rounded) of the position papers. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify themes among the published competencies for the skill acquisition levels of competent and expert, using Dreyfus's definitions. Results On the basis of the 22 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 17 themes were identified among the 59 competencies for the skill level competent. Among the 23 competencies for the skill level expert, 13 themes were identified. Competencies within the theme "Evidence-Based Practice" were most frequently recommended across both skill levels. The themes "Interdisciplinary Teamwork and Collaboration" and "Evidence-Based Practice" were the themes identified among the greatest number of position papers for the skill level competent and expert, respectively. Conclusions The identified themes for competencies in patient safety and QI have implications for curriculum development and assessment of competence in education and practice. The findings in this study demonstrate a need to discourage publication of recommendations of yet more competencies and to instead encourage development of an international consensus on the essential KSA for patient safety and QI across all health professions and all levels of skill acquisition.
Bilirubin Encephalopathy in a Domestic Shorthair Cat With Increased Osmotic Fragility and Cholangiohepatitis

A 7-month-old female domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with chronic regenerative hemolytic anemia characterized by increased osmotic fragility of unknown etiology. At 13 months of age, the cat was evaluated for acute collapse. The cat was icteric with severe hyperbilirubinemia but no hematocrit changes. Severe obtundation and lateral recumbency progressed to tetraparesis and loss of proprioception in all 4 limbs, and a cerebellar or brainstem lesion was suspected. Postmortem examination revealed suppurative cholangiohepatitis and acute neuronal necrosis in the nuclei of the brainstem and cerebellum, consistent with bilirubin encephalopathy. This is the first known occurrence of cholangiohepatitis and bilirubin encephalopathy in an adult cat with chronic hemolytic anemia. Although rare, bilirubin encephalopathy should be considered a possible sequela to hyperbilirubinemia in adult patients. It remains unknown whether increased osmotic fragility was related to the cholangiohepatopathy.
Intrahepatic cholestasis and sicca complex after thiabendazole: Report of a case and review of the literature

Abstract Thiabendazole is a relatively safe and effective agent with a wide range of activity against nematodes infesting the gastrointestinal tract. A 55-yr-old man developed prolonged jaundice and sicca complex after a course of thiabendazole therapy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated normal biliary tree and pancreatic ducts. Liver biopsy was consistent with a drug-induced intrahepatic cholestatic reaction. The patient recovered completely from his liver injury, but the sicca complex persisted 1 yr after the drug was given. The literature on thiabendazole-induced cholestasis and its association with sicca complex is reviewed.
Assessment of addictive disorders. The use of clinical reflection and hypotheses testing.

This article examines how a multidimensional conceptual schema (biologic, sociologic, psychodynamic, and behavioral) can be applied directly to clinical practice methods during the assessment of addictive disorders. This practice is offered to minimize some of the conceptual problems often associated with the diagnostic process. Clinical reflection and hypotheses testing are considered as metamodels that can effectively guide the conduct of clinical assessment. The purpose of this approach is to provide a parsimonious means of organizing and verifying clinical information, thus making the assessment process both manageable and teachable. The ability to manage and teach clinical methods is considered as an essential step toward the development of a practice theory in the addictions.
Linear dependence of muscle phosphocreatine kinetics on total creatine content.

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and twitch tension were recorded during stimulation of gastrocnemius muscles of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats which had been fed the cre...
A Power Sensitive Transducer for Echocardiography and Other Medical Ultrasonic Applications

We discuss work in progress on the development of a power sensitive transducer. Using this transducer in conjunction with current echo equipment, one should be able to obtain substantially improved echocardiograms. Since echocardiography relies heavily on pattern recognition, the ease and certainty with which diagnostic information can be derived should improve markedly with the generation of sharper and clearer echograms.
The Fear Factor: A Functional Perspective on Anxiety

Abstract This is an updated version of the chapter on anxiety published in the first edition of this book. Unfortunately, advances in the functional perspective on anxiety have been few since publication of that edition. Hundreds of papers on anxiety have been published since, but very few of these add to the anxiety literature with a functional perspective that was available then. The vast majority of new papers on anxiety continue with the same formal rather than functional perspective. The new literature, just like the old, is rife with category errors, specifically referring to anxiety as a thing or entity rather than a category that groups things or entities with a collective term. To be fair, we will make the same mistake throughout this paper. It also continues the practice, now universal outside the field of behavior analysis and actually quite common within it, of referring to anxiety as something people have rather than something people do. This is not to say that humans do not have feelings consistent with what is commonly called anxiety (i.e., fear) but the feelings are not the primary, nor even secondary, concern. What people do in the presence of those feelings is the primary (i.e., only?) concern. All human beings after a certain age experience those feelings from time to time—not just in the course of their life but actually in the course of their typical day. This has no clinical significance whatsoever and frankly, little psychological significance. Anxiety and its synonymous experiential referents (e.g., fear, apprehension, worry, fretting, etc.) are simply part of the normal human makeup. But a substantial percentage of people exhibit behavior in the presence of those feelings that is clinically and psychologically significant and this behavior is of the utmost concern to persons with a functional perspective whereas persons with a more formal perspective seem more (or only) concerned with the feelings.
Marked central nervous system pathology in CD59 knockout rats following passive transfer of Neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (herein called NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which pathogenesis involves complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) produced by immunoglobulin G autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) on astrocytes. We reported evidence previously, using CD59−/− mice, that the membrane-associated complement inhibitor CD59 modulates CDC in NMO (Zhang and Verkman, J. Autoimmun. 53:67–77, 2014). Motivated by the observation that rats, unlike mice, have human-like complement activity, here we generated CD59−/− rats to investigate the role of CD59 in NMO and to create NMO pathology by passive transfer of AQP4-IgG under conditions in which minimal pathology is produced in normal rats. CD59−/− rats generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology showed no overt phenotype at baseline except for mild hemolysis. CDC assays in astrocyte cultures and cerebellar slices from CD59−/− rats showed much greater sensitivity to AQP4-IgG and complement than those from CD59+/+ rats. Intracerebral administration of AQP4-IgG in CD59−/− rats produced marked NMO pathology, with astrocytopathy, inflammation, deposition of activated complement, and demyelination, whereas identically treated CD59+/+ rats showed minimal pathology. A single, intracisternal injection of AQP4-IgG in CD59−/− rats produced hindlimb paralysis by 3 days, with inflammation and deposition of activated complement in spinal cord, optic nerves and brain periventricular and surface matter, with most marked astrocyte injury in cervical spinal cord. These results implicate an important role of CD59 in modulating NMO pathology in rats and demonstrate amplification of AQP4-IgG-induced NMO disease with CD59 knockout.
Effective chemotherapy of heterogeneous and drug-resistant early colon cancers by intermittent dose schedules: a computer simulation study.

The effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy is limited by intra-tumor heterogeneity, the emergence of spontaneous and induced drug-resistant mutant subclones, and the maximum dose to which normal tissues can be exposed without adverse side effects. The goal of this project was to determine if intermittent schedules of the maximum dose that allows colon crypt maintenance could overcome these limitations, specifically by eliminating mixtures of drug-resistant mutants from heterogeneous early colon adenomas while maintaining colon crypt function. A computer model of cell dynamics in human colon crypts was calibrated with measurements of human biopsy specimens. The model allowed simulation of continuous and intermittent dose schedules of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug, as well as the drug’s effect on the elimination of mutant cells and the maintenance of crypt function. Colon crypts can tolerate a tenfold greater intermittent dose than constant dose. This allows elimination of a mixture of relatively drug-sensitive and drug-resistant mutant subclones from heterogeneous colon crypts. Mutants can be eliminated whether they arise spontaneously or are induced by the cytotoxic drug. An intermittent dose, at the maximum that allows colon crypt maintenance, can be effective in eliminating a heterogeneous mixture of mutant subclones before they fill the crypt and form an adenoma.
Social Work's Pursuit of a Common Professional Framework: Have We Reached a Milestone?

Summary This article examines pivotal events within the social work profession that have attempted to codify social work and gerontology curriculum. Key dilemmas in developing a common base of social work practice are identified. Similar debates that have occurred within gerontology curriculum are discussed along with recent developments in the advancement of gerontology content within the social work curriculum. The Council on Social Work Education's (CSWE) SAGE-SW competencies are discussed and applied to the CSWE's Education and Policy Standards. Practice applications and future directions are offered.
Engineering challenges for brain tumor immunotherapy

Malignant brain tumors represent one of the most devastating forms of cancer with abject survival rates that have not changed in the past 60years. This is partly because the brain is a critical organ, and poses unique anatomical, physiological, and immunological barriers. The unique interplay of these barriers also provides an opportunity for creative engineering solutions. Cancer immunotherapy, a means of harnessing the host immune system for anti-tumor efficacy, is becoming a standard approach for treating many cancers. However, its use in brain tumors is not widespread. This review discusses the current approaches, and hurdles to these approaches in treating brain tumors, with a focus on immunotherapies. We identify critical barriers to immunoengineering brain tumor therapies and discuss possible solutions to these challenges.
Corrigendum: Good gradings of generalized incidence rings

There is a gap in the proof of [1, Theorm 3.4(2)]. Example 1 shows the unstated condition R⊆S1 is necessary.Example 1. Suppose G is a group and R is a G-graded ring such that 1∈R1 and Rg≠0 for some...
Victorian Readers and “England’s Jane”

In this Chapter, “Victorian Readers and ‘England’s Jane,’” considers how and why the Victorians associated Austen with a specific, idealized version of Englishness that was particularly suited to the changing national identity of the late nineteenth century. This Englishness was evoked by a historical nostalgia that linked Austen to the places she lived in and wrote about and glorified the sense of community depicted in her novels. Such connections were most often established in the biographies and works of literary tourism that sought to bring late-Victorian readers closer to Austen’s Regency England. Novels, too, provided opportunities for Victorian writers to engage with their own ideas of Englishness, positioning their texts in conversation with Austen’s works and revising both her depictions of England at home and the influence of England abroad. At the same time, however, many writers and critics were troubled by the apparent lack of connection between Austen’s works and the broader social and political forces of the period. This chapter includes discussion of texts by Mary Russell Mitford, Charlotte Yonge, and Elizabeth Gaskell, as well as works of literary tourism and biography by Constance Hill and Lord Brabourne. Jane Austen and the Victorian Heroine ends with a brief conclusion that looks at the purported “first” Austen sequel, Sybil G. Brinton’s Old Friends and New Fancies (1913), to create new links between both the fictional and critical narratives surrounding the development of Jane Austen’s literary and cultural significance.
Cache automaton

Finite State Automata are widely used to accelerate pattern matching in many emerging application domains like DNA sequencing and XML parsing. Conventional CPUs and compute-centric accelerators are bottlenecked by memory bandwidth and irregular memory access patterns in automata processing. We present Cache Automaton, which repurposes last-level cache for automata processing, and a compiler that automates the process of mapping large real world Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NFAs) to the proposed architecture. Cache Automaton extends a conventional last-level cache architecture with components to accelerate two phases in NFA processing: state-match and state-transition. State-matching is made efficient using a sense-amplifier cycling technique that exploits spatial locality in symbol matches. State-transition is made efficient using a new compact switch architecture. By overlapping these two phases for adjacent symbols we realize an efficient pipelined design. We evaluate two designs, one optimized for performance and the other optimized for space, across a set of 20 diverse benchmarks. The performance optimized design provides a speedup of 15× over DRAM-based Micron’s Automata Processor and 3840× speedup over processing in a conventional x86 CPU. The proposed design utilizes on an average 1.2 MB of cache space across benchmarks, while consuming 2.3 nJ of energy per input symbol. Our space optimized design can reduce the cache utilization to 0.72 MB, while still providing a speedup of 9× over AP. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Emerging architectures; • Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory;
Extracting interface locations in multilayer polymer waveguide films using scanning angle Raman spectroscopy

There is an increasing demand for nondestructive in situ techniques that measure chemical content, total thickness, and interface locations for multilayer polymer films, and scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy in combination with appropriate data models can provide this information. A SA Raman spectroscopy method was developed to measure the chemical composition of multilayer polymer waveguide films and to extract the location of buried interfaces between polymer layers with 7- to 80-nm axial spatial resolution. The SA Raman method acquires Raman spectra as the incident angle of light upon a prism-coupled thin film is scanned. Six multilayer films consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared with total thicknesses ranging from 330 to 1,260 nm. The interface locations were varied by altering the individual layer thicknesses between 140 and 680 nm. The Raman amplitude ratio of the 1,605-cm−1 peak for polystyrene and 812-cm−1 peak for poly(methyl methacrylate) was used in calculations of the electric field intensity within the polymer layers to model the SA Raman data and extract the total thickness and interface locations. There is an average 8% and 7% difference in the measured thickness between the SA Raman and profilometry measurements for bilayer and trilayer films, respectively.
Patient and Physician Perceptions of Examination Room versus Traditional Presentations in a Resident Medicine Clinic

Goals in resident training ambulatory clinics include providing quality clinical care, research, and teaching. Achieving these goals is challenging. Our objective was to explore whether patients, r...
Progress in the Treatment and Outcomes for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The purpose of this study is to assess temporal trends in population-based treatment and survival rates in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression models were employed in SPSS 23.0. Fifty-seven thousand and eighty-eight NSCLC patients with early-stage disease from 1988 to 2014 were identified. 6409 (11.2%) were diagnosed in 1988–1994, 5800 (10.2%) 1995–1999, 13,031 (22.8%) 2000–2004, 15,786 (27.7%) 2005–2009, and 16,062 (28.1%) 2010–2014. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of older patients, adenocarcinoma histology, and rate of wedge resection over the study period. The five-year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 63.3%. Those undergoing resection without adjuvant therapy had the highest outcomes. Lobectomy was associated with better outcomes compared to wedge resection or pneumonectomy. A significant difference in five-year OS by year of diagnosis (1988–1994: 58.8% vs. 1995–1999: 60.6% vs. 2000–2004: 63.2% vs. 2005–2009: 66.1%; p < 0.001) was observed. This significant OS difference was also observed regardless of age, surgery type, and T stage, but also only in those with adenocarcinoma. On multivariable analysis, year of diagnosis, age, gender, race, treatment and surgery type, histology, T stage, and tumor grade remained independent prognostic factors for OS. Overall survival for early-stage NSCLC has significantly improved over the recent decades despite an increasing proportion of older patients and those undergoing sublobar resection or SBRT. This finding may be limited to those with adenocarcinoma.
Stochastic distributed energy resource management

This paper presents risk-based stochastic scheduling of distributed energy resources (DER) such as renewables, discretionary demand and electric vehicles in an islanded single bus system with limited conventional generation. The objective is to minimize the expected cost plus the risk of curtailing critical load. This risk is caused by uncertainty in renewable generation and demand. A stochastic batch sub-gradient approach is used to develop day ahead schedules under varying levels of DER penetration to demonstrate the importance of risk-based scheduling. The studies also bring out the synergies between modern DER technologies and underscore that, together, they permit high penetration with economic benefit and managed risk.
The Behavior of the First Normal Modes and the Lateral Wave in a Weak Dielectric Layer

This note deals with some calculations involving the characteristics of the first normal modes and the lateral wave in a homogeneous straight dielectric slab bounded by free space on the one side and a perfect conductor on the other. Both the transmitter and receiver (isotropic radiators) are placed within the slab, d(Km) apart. The varying parameter is where k is the wave number, h is the width of the slab, and Δn = n − 1 ≪ 1 is the deviation of the refractive index of the slab from the free space. The layer is, therefore, considered a “weak” one which makes the obtained numerical results applicable particularly to some types of low level just above the sea surface tropospheric waveguides supporting microwave propagation.
Incorporation of Sensitive Ester and Chloropurine Groups into Oligodeoxynucleotides through Solid‐Phase Synthesis

Nucleosides containing ester groups that are sensitive to nucleophiles were incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) through solid phase chemical synthesis. The sensitive esters are located on a purine nucleobase. They are the esters of ethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 4-methoxyphenyl and phenyl groups, and a thioester. These esters cannot survive the deprotection and cleavage conditions used in known ODN synthesis technologies, which involve strong nucleophiles such as ammonium hydroxide and potassium methoxide (potassium carbonate in anhydrous methanol). To incorporate these sensitive groups into ODNs, the Dmoc phosphoramidites and linker were used for solid phase synthesis, which allowed ODN deprotection and cleavage to be carried out under non-nucleophilic oxidative conditions. Sixteen ODN sequences containing these groups were synthesized and characterized with MALDI MS. In addition, the synthesis and characterization of three ODNs containing a nucleophile sensitive 6-chloropurine using the same strategy are described.
National Analysis of State Health Policies on Students' Right to Self-Carry and Self-Administer Asthma Inhalers at School.

BACKGROUND Asthma has no known cure, and though manageable, it disrupts the everyday lives of over 6 million US children. Because children spend more than half of their waking hours in school, students must be able to carry and administer their inhaler at school to manage their asthma. METHODS This policy paper is a comprehensive review of all 50 states and the District of Columbia's laws and policies for the self-carry and administration of quick-relief asthma inhalers among children in prekindergarten through 12th grade. RESULTS All states permit students to carry and administer their inhalers at school, although each state differs in their development and implementation of policies for asthma self-management at school. This review examines how states regulate self-carry policies by looking at policy development, regulated school systems, relevant stakeholders, required medical records, and school liability. CONCLUSIONS Each state's laws have nuances that create gray areas, increasing the potential of misinterpreted or incorrectly implemented policies for asthma self-management at school. As a result, children may not have immediate access to their inhaler for symptom management or in an emergency. State policymakers should reform current laws to remove barriers for students to carry and use inhalers at school.
Magic rectangles with empty cells

A magic rectangle of order $m\times n$ with precisely $r$ filled cells in each row and precisely $s$ filled cells in each column, denoted $MR(m,n;r,s)$, is an arrangement of the numbers from 0 to $mr-1$ in an $m\times n$ array such that each number occurs exactly once in the rectangle and the sum of the entries of each row is the same and the sum of entries of each column is also the same. In this paper we study the existence of $MR(m,n;r,2)$, $MR(m,km;ks,s)$, and $MR(am,bm;bs,as)$. We also prove that there exists a magic square set $MSS(m, s; t)$ if and only if $m=s=t=1$ or $3\leq s\leq m$ and either $s$ is even or $mt$ is odd.
Development of Care Pathways to Standardize and Optimally Integrate Multidisciplinary Care for Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 600,000 new cases and 300,000 patient deaths reported annually.1-3 In recent years, curative interventions have dra...