cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced-contrast optical readout in ultrafast broadband Raman quantum memories

The signal-to-noise contrast of the optical readout in broadband Raman quantum memories is analyzed as a function of the pulse widths and phase properties of tailored optical field waveforms used to write in and read out broadband photon wave packets. Based on this analysis, we quantify the tradeoff between the readout contrast and the speed of such memories. Off-resonance coherent four-wave mixing is shown to provide a source of noise photons, lowering the readout contrast in broadband Raman quantum memories. This noise cannot be suppressed by phase matching, but can be radically reduced with a suitable polarization arrangement and proper field-waveform tailoring.
Downhill esophageal varices: a therapeutic dilemma

Esophageal varices can cause life-threatening complications and are most often a sequela of liver disease. Although a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, downhill variceal bleeding secondary to superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We discuss two such cases of downhill esophageal varices presenting with hematemesis in patients with end stage renal disease and no history of cirrhosis. These varices were thought to be secondary to SVC occlusion caused by complications from previous dialysis catheters. However, their difficult anatomy posed a significant challenge to the therapeutic interventions.
Kinetic and Wavelet Analysis of Dynamic FDG PET Data in Human Glioblastoma

Brain tumor detection and therapeutic evaluation continue to be very challenging. Distinguishing between radiation induced necrosis and recurrent or viable residual tumor in human glioblastoma has proved to be a particularly difficult task. The aim of this work is to extract the time course features of the pharmacokinetics of F18-FDG after intra-venous injection using dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging and utilize the features based on kinetic modeling and wavelet transform (WT) as new methods for brain tumor diagnosis other than MRI and static PET images. These methods provide additional functional information to assist with classification of tumor types, i.e., metastasis, recurrent tumor, versus treatment induced changes, such as radiation necrosis. When combined with the novel dedicated brain PET imagers this dynamic PET technique can provide an even more powerful new diagnostic tool.
Yoga Practice in a College Sample: Associated Changes in Eating Disorder, Body Image, and Related Factors Over Time.

Yoga practice is associated with improvements in eating disorder (ED) symptoms and body dissatisfaction. This study continued to evaluate this relationship while also assessing changes in variables...
Classical integrability of the zigzag model

The zigzag model is a relativistic $N$-body system arising in the high-energy limit of the worldsheet scattering in adjoint two-dimensional QCD. We prove classical Liouville integrability of this model by providing an explicit construction of $N$ charges in involution. Furthermore, we also prove that the system is maximally superintegrable by constructing $N\ensuremath{-}1$ additional independent charges. All of these charges are piecewise linear functions of coordinates and momenta. The classical time delays are determined algebraically from this integrable structure. The resulting $S$-matrix is the same as in the $N$-particle subsector of a massless $T\overline{T}$ deformed fermion.
Reconfigurable Real-Time Video Pipelines on SRAM-based FPGAs

FPGAs are an excellent target for real-time video processing as they provide large amounts of low-level parallelism, low latency, and high bandwidth. However, creating real-time video processing systems on an FPGA is tedious and requires significant effort and low-level digital design skills. This paper presents a technique for creating complex real-time video processing pipelines relatively quickly and easily using partial reconfiguration (PR). A static FPGA system is created that provides a template for a variety of partially reconfigurable video processing cores. A library of video filters has been created that can be inserted into the template regions. At run-time, the user can select the topology of video cores and customize these cores to create complex and unique video pipelines without any understanding of low-level FPGA details. This paper demonstrates this technique with a library of 11 partial reconfigurable regions and 16 video processing cores operating on the Xilinx PYNQ system.
Length Dependence on Broadband Microwave Emission From Laser-Generated Plasmas

A high-power ultrashort laser pulse focused in air generates a plasma that radiates broadband electromagnetic waves. The transient current source responsible for the radiation remains an open area of study. To better understand how the laser drives currents in the plasma, we investigate the dependence of radiation at microwave frequencies on the length of the plasma column. Radiation patterns of the microwaves are consistent with currents that flow longitudinally (in the direction of laser propagation). We measure the angular dependence of the microwave frequency spectrum to determine the microwave radiation source characteristics. We also model the plasma evolution using a PIC code to provide initial conditions for a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation of the plasma currents responsible for the microwaves. The experiments and simulations show that the plasma length determines the shape of the radiation pattern, and also weakly influences the microwave frequency content. Our research demonstrates that the radiation mechanism is coupled with variation in the current along the entire plasma length.
Universal Basic Income Activism in Switzerland and Austria

This chapter examines the trajectory of basic income debates in two of the German-speaking countries, Switzerland and Austria, and the activists and proponents involved in them. The supportive discourse on UBI has substantially increased since the early 2000s, peaking with the Swiss referendum campaign in 2016, but endures to the present with activists in politics, business and civil society making their mark in the campaign to realize UBI. Among the Swiss Basic Income Earth Network Switzerland (BIEN-CH) and Initiative Grundeinkommen (IG), and among the Austrians, Katholische Sozialakademie (Ksoe), BIEN Austria (NGSZ) and Generation Grundeinkommen (GG) are important civil society actors in advocating for UBI. At present, the likelihood of passing UBI in the German-speaking countries is quite low, but activists are responsible for keeping it on the political agenda.
The Cost and Educational Experience of Treating Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Pilot Analysis on Standardizing Surgical Care.

Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) for supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHF) comprised considerable surgical volume in pediatric orthopaedics. Limited reports are available on how standardization of the surgical care affects the cost and trainee's learning experience. Methods Cost analysis was performed by chart review with the billing department in a university teaching hospital. The association of cost with perioperative variables was determined by univariate and multivariable analyses. The educational experience was acquired by questionnaires completed by seven attending surgeons and 22 orthopaedic trainees. Results Fifty-one patients were included, revealing the hospital charge of $6,345 per CRPP case. Most of the cost comprised OR time (67%) and anesthesia time (13%). The attending surgeon and fracture type were independently associated with anesthesia time. Standardization of care was perceived for better learning experience and cost saving. Conclusion Efforts in the standardization of SCHF surgical care can improve cost saving and trainees' learning experience.
Two faces of rationality

In this paper, I present a puzzle about the connection between an agent’s knowledge and her rationality and a way to solve it. The puzzle is that, intuitively, many of us want to accept both that it is rational for an agent to act on what she knows and that it is irrational for an agent to take what she knows for granting in her practical reasoning. These two claims about rationality present us with a puzzle because, holding fixed our interpretation of rationality, we cannot accept them both. According to my view, the most compelling way of solving this puzzle is to distinguish between our primary and dispositional evaluations of actions. By making this distinction, we not only gain a unique perspective on the relationship between knowledge and rationality, we also see how doing what we know is best might still manifest an undesirable habit.
System Description: Lang-n-Change - A Tool for Transforming Languages

\(\textsc {lang}\text {-}\textsc {n}\text {-}\textsc {change}\) is a tool for transforming language definitions into other language definitions. It provides a declarative domain-specific language for expressing algorithms over languages. lang-n-change is implemented in OCaml and generates language definitions that can be compiled and executed in \(\lambda \)Prolog. The tool provides a repository with a number of language definitions and a handful of transformations.
Functional Analyses of House Fly Carboxylesterases Involved in Insecticide Resistance

Carboxylesterase-mediated metabolism is one of major mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. Our previous study has identified multiple carboxylesterase genes with their expression levels were significantly upregulated in pyrethroid resistant house flies. To further explore their metabolic functions, we used insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells to express these carboxylesterases in vitro and measure their hydrolytic activities toward esterase substrates. Our results indicated that these carboxylesterases can efficiently hydrolyze α-naphthyl acetate rather than β- naphthyl acetate. A cell based MTT cytotoxicity assay indicated that carboxylesterase-expressing cells show enhanced tolerance to permethrin, suggesting important roles of these carboxylesterases in metabolizing permethrin and thereby protecting cells from permethrin treatments. The metabolic functions of carboxylesterases were further verified by conducting in vitro metabolism studies toward permethrin and its potential metabolites 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, which not only suggested the potential metabolic pathway of permethrin in insects, but also important roles of these candidate carboxylesterases in metabolizing permethrin and conferring resistance in house flies. Homology modeling and docking were finally conducted to reflect interactions between permethrin ligand and carboxylesterase proteins, visually confirming the metabolic functions of carboxylesterases to insecticides in house flies.
When Does MAML Objective Have Benign Landscape

The paper studies the complexity of the optimization problem behind the Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) algorithm. The goal of the study is to determine the global convergence of MAML on sequential decision-making tasks possessing a common structure. We are curious to know when, if at all, the benign landscape of the underlying tasks results in a benign landscape of the corresponding MAML objective. For illustration, we analyze the landscape of the MAML objective on LQR tasks to determine what types of similarities in their structures enable the algorithm to converge to the globally optimal solution.
Immunopharmacology in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Current and Future Perspectives

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a complex and chronic, multifactorial Th2 cell-mediated chronic ocular surface inflammatory condition that typically affects predominantly male children in hot or warm climates. The primary symptom is intense ocular pruritus, often significant enough to affect activities of daily living. Clinical features differ from simple forms of allergic conjunctivitis in that they are more-or-less confined to the superior tarsus and limbus. There is also a risk of corneal involvement, which leads to irreversible vision loss in approximately 6% of patients. Right now, there is no standardized treatment protocol, and many of the currently available options are not effective in severe and recurrent cases. As such, it is imperative to understand this complex allergic immune response in order to identify future therapeutic targets. This review will focus on potential drug targets in VKC, with particular emphasis on immunomodulators and immunobiologic agents.
Monitoring Fatigue-Induced Changes in Performance during Robot-Mediated Dynamic Movement

Robotic exoskeletons are promising devices capable of both administering therapeutic exercises and assessing human movement quality. Although assessing fatigue is crucial to informing effective strategies for rehabilitation, existing metrics for evaluating fatigue during robot-mediated exercise remain underdeveloped. Current techniques focus on monitoring localized muscle fatigue, but do not consider the complex relationship between changes in muscle activity and associated alterations in joint motion during dynamic movement. In this work, we propose a system-based monitoring paradigm for tracking fatigue-induced changes in performance. The method uses a time-series model to approximate the dynamics of a human-exoskeleton system by mapping muscle activity to movement variables. An index of performance is calculated from modeling errors to continuously track changes in this dynamic relationship over time. Results showed that the index effectively captured fatigue-induced degradation in performance over time during an exoskeleton-administered resistive exercise. The index outperformed a traditional indicator of fatigue that is typically used during robotic intervention, suggesting the proposed approach has the potential to improve fatigue monitoring efforts during robot-aided movement training.
A Semiparametric Bootstrap for Proportional Hazards Models

We present a bootstrap resampling plan for the Cox partial likelihood estimator for proportional hazards models with nonrandom explanatory variables. Instead of resampling observed times, the proposed plan resamples from the Uniform(0,1) distribution of probability integral transformations of conditional failure times. The analysis can be completed without transforming resainpled values back into the original time scale, because the partial likelihood is invariant to monotone increasing transformations of the failure times. Adaptations to a variety of censoring schemes are discussed. A simulation study provides comparisons with standard partial likelihood estimation procedures and resampling plans that assume random explanatory variables.
Molecular aspects of muscle contraction and regulation

Current views regarding some aspects of the contraction of muscle and its regulation are reviewed. Recent work bearing on the segmental flexibility of myosin is related to cross-bridge movements and ATP metabolism in living muscle. Interaction of troponin with calcium, the process that initiates activation of actin-myosin interaction, is discussed in terms of Ca-induced conformational changes and protein-protein interactions.
High Performance Wireless Computing

This session deals with fundamental issues arising in wireless networking and their implications for high performance business, consumer and military computing applications. We will describe the physical basis for wireless networking, mobile IP solutions and challenges as well as ongoing research efforts to make high performance and high confidence computing over wireless networks possible.
Resolving deep relationships of PACMAD grasses: a phylogenomic approach

Plastome sequences for 18 species of the PACMAD grasses (subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Arundinoideae, Danthonioideae) were analyzed phylogenomically. Next generation sequencing methods were used to provide complete plastome sequences for 12 species. Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the plastome of one species, Hakonechloa macra, to provide a reference for annotation. These analyses were conducted to resolve deep subfamilial relationships within the clade. Divergence estimates were assessed to determine potential factors that led to the rapid radiation of this lineage and its dominance of warmer open habitats. New plastomes were completely sequenced and characterized for 13 PACMAD species. An autapomorphic ~1140 bp deletion was found in Hakonechloa macra putatively pseudogenizing rpl14 and eliminating rpl16 from this plastome. Phylogenomic analyses support Panicoideae as the sister group to the ACMAD clade. Complete plastome sequences provide greater support at deep nodes within the PACMAD clade. The initial diversification of PACMAD subfamilies was estimated to occur at 32.4 mya. Phylogenomic analyses of complete plastomes provides resolution for deep relationships of PACMAD grasses. The divergence estimate of 32.4 mya at the crown node of the PACMAD clade coincides with the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT). The Eocene was a period of global cooling and drying, which led to forest fragmentation and the expansion of open habitats now dominated by these grasses. Understanding how these grasses are related and determining a cause for their rapid radiation allows for future predictions of grassland distribution in the face of a changing global climate.
Alcohols as Extenders and Supplanters of Petroleum in the Transportation Sector

A summary is presented of evidence amassed so far on performance and environmental factors relating to alcohol fuel use in internal combustion engines. The properties of the alcohols are discussed as spark ignited engine fuels: their cold starting ability, aldehyde suppression, and engine materials and lubrication compatibility. Alcohols in diesel engines and methanol-diesel blends are discussed, including environmental health and safety factors. It is concluded that alcohols may be used to extend gasoline supplies, and it is recommended that all new cars be able to accept 5% methanol and 10% ethanol blended gasoline while meeting mileage and emission standards. The power and efficiency of engines designed expressly for alcohols in pure form will exceed those of gasoline engines. Regulated emissions from such engines can be as low as or lower than powerplants fueled by gasoline, and their photochemical reactivity is expected to be lower. Diesel engines can be operated on combinations of alcohol and diesel fuels by fumigating the alcohols with injected alcohol diesel fuel emulsions or by separate injection of the two fuels. The use of pure alcohols in diesel engines requires engine modifications unless cetane improvers are added to the alcohols. Since current additives are expensive and increase nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, the use of pure alcohols by spark or thermal ignition is being investigated. Exhaust emissions of alcohol-fueled diesel engines will be lower in soot since alcohols form no soot during combustion and their lower flame temperature results in reduced NOx emissions.
“They’re making a bad name for the department”: Exploring the link between organizational commitment and police occupational deviance in a police patrol bureau

Examines the link between level of organizational commitment and patrol officers’ attitudes toward and participation in police occupational deviance in a police patrol bureau. Uses analysis and interpretation of qualitative data gathered during field research in one mid‐sized police department to develop the subject. Field research was conducted over a seven‐month period, during which 580 hours of field observations were made and 48 unstructured interviews with patrol officers were conducted. Analysis disclosed that patrol officers with low levels of organizational commitment tended to engage in patterns of work avoidance and manipulation and employee deviance against the organization ‐ in contrast, patrol officers with high levels of commitment to the organization were likely to engage in employee deviance against the organization. Finally, patrol officers with a medium level of organizational commitment engaged in any of the three forms of deviance, depending on which end of the commitment continuum they tended toward. Claims that all patrol officers accepted informal rewards.
UNEMPLOYMENT, INFLATION, AND BUSINESS CYCLES

Prosperity is when the prices of the things that you sell are rising; inflation is when the prices of the things that you buy are rising. Recession is when other people are unemployed; depression is when you are unemployed. [Anonymous]
Adaptive and Automated Index Selection in RDBMS

We present a novel approach for a tool that assists the database administrator in designing an index configuration for a relational database system. A new methodology for collecting usage statistics at run time is developed which lets the optimizer estimate query execution costs for alternative index configurations. Defining the workload specification required by existing index design tools may be very complex for a large integrated database system. Our tool automatically derives the workload statistics. These statistics are then used to efficiently compute an index configuration. Execution of a prototype of the tool against a sample database demonstrates that the proposed index configuration is reasonably close to the optimum for test query sets.
Cloning the Gene for the Malolactic Fermentation of Wine from Lactobacillus delbrueckii in Escherichia coli and Yeasts

Abstract The gene responsible for the malolactic fermentation of wine was cloned from the bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii into Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This gene codes for the malolactic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of l-malate to l-lactate. A genetically engineered yeast strain with this enzymatic capability would be of considerable value to winemakers. L. delbrueckii DNA was cloned in E. coli on the plasmid pBR322, and two E. coll clones able to convert l-malate to l-lactate were selected. Both clones contained the same 5-kilobase segment of L. delbrueckii DNA. The DNA segment was transferred to E. coli-yeast shuttle vectors, and gene expression was analyzed in both hosts by using enzymatic assays for l-lactate and l-malate. When grown nonaerobically for 5 days, E. coli cells harboring the malolactic gene converted about 10% of the l-malate in the medium to l-lactate. The best expression in S. cerevisiae was attained by transfer of the gene to a shuttle vector containing both a yeast 2-μm plasmid and yeast chromosomal origin of DNA replication. When yeast cells harboring this plasmid were grown nonaerobically for 5 days, ca. 1.0% of the l-malate present in the medium was converted to l-lactate. The L. delbrueckii controls grown under these same conditions converted about 25%. A laboratory yeast strain containing the cloned malolactic gene was used to make wine in a trial fermentation, and about 1.5% of the l-malate in the grape must was converted to l-lactate. Increased expression of the malolactic gene in wine yeast will be required for its use in winemaking. This will require an increased understanding of the factors governing the expression of this gene in yeasts.
Neurobiology of Stroke

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the clinical features of stroke and discusses the status of the stroke therapy. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ischemic damage are discussed in terms of animal experimentation and treatment regimens. In view of the high morbity and mortality associated with stroke and cerebrovascular disease, animal models are established to investigate the pathobiology of cerebral ischemia and stroke with the goal of developing novel therapeutic strategies to promote neuronal protection and improve outcome. Thus, over the past several years, experimental studies have provided new and important data regarding patterns of neuronal vulnerability following cerebral ischemic insults. Preliminary data in severe stroke patients that had been anesthetized for hypothermia studies indicate that brain temperature can be successfully reduced and well tolerated. Gene therapy for brain diseases is at a very early stage of development. A goal of gene therapy is to introduce cDNA into a cerebral vessel or brain region of a patient with cerebrovascular disease or one at risk for stroke.
TIPS versus paracentesis for cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites

BACKGROUND Ten per cent of cirrhotic patients develop refractory ascites, which carries substantial morbidity and has a one-year survival of less than 50 per cent. Patients with refractory ascites may benefit from transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunts (TIPS). OBJECTIVES To compare TIPS versus paracentesis standard treatment in patients with refractory ascites due to cirrhosis with regard to overall short- and long-term mortality, treatment efficacy, and complications. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register (July 2003), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2003), EMBASE (1980 to July 2003), and CINAHL (1982 to July 2003). We supplemented the searches with reading through scientific citations, review of citations in relevant primary articles, and hand-searched abstracts from national meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised clinical trials comparing TIPS and paracentesis with or without volume expanders for cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We evaluated the methodological quality of the randomised clinical trials by the generation of the allocation section, allocation concealment, and follow-up. Two independent observers extracted data from each trial. We contacted trial authors for additional information. Dichotomous outcomes were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). MAIN RESULTS Four randomised clinical trials, including 264 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was moderate. Thirty-day mortality (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.10 to 10.06, P = 1.0) and 24-month mortality (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.66, P = 0.70) did not differ significantly between TIPS and paracentesis treatment. TIPS significantly reduced ascites re-accumulation at three months (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.18, P < 0.00001) and at 12 months follow-up (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.28, P < 0.00001). Hepatic encephalopathy occurred significantly more often in the TIPS group (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.66, P = 0.008). Gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.84, P = 0.63), acute renal failure (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.72, P = 0.55), septicemia/infection (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.22 to 4.94, P = 0.96), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.84, P = 0.63) did not differ significantly between groups. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS TIPS removed ascites more effectively than paracentesis. After 12 months, the beneficial effects of TIPS on ascites was still present. Mortality, gastrointestinal bleeding, septicemia/infection, acute renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation did not differ significantly between the two groups. Hepatic encephalopathy occurred significantly more often in the TIPS group.
Quantitative measurements in geometrically correct representations of coronary vessels in 3-D and 4-D

Two major imaging modalities are frequently used in current cardiovascular practice: biplane X-ray angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We have previously developed a methodology for three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary vessels via a fusion of two-dimensional data from the two imaging modalities. Our data fusion technique provides a tool for accurate three- and four-dimensional measurements in coronary arteries in vivo. This paper documents recent additions to enable accurate three-dimensional volumetric and four-dimensional velocity measurements. Accurate three-dimensional volumetric measurements are of great use to the study of vessel diseases, such as atherosclerosis, while vessel velocities are of great importance when determining adequate sampling rates in the design of new imaging hardware. Validation of both methods has been performed in computer simulations, yielding minimal errors. The quantification of the vessel velocity has been tested on routine patient data, and provided results that were both consistent and in accordance with physiology.
Reliability of predicting stick-slip in robotics and control using describing function

In designing servo controls for machine tools, position controlled robots, tracking mechanisms and disk drives, stick-slip problems are often encountered. Analysis tools are frequently used during the design and development phase in industry and research to predict the stick-slip caused by the dominant friction contributor. If an analysis tool can correctly predict the stick-slip during the design and development phase then the controller design task can be greatly eased-but the analysis tool must be reliable. Reliability in the context of this discussion means the ability of an analysis tool to correctly predict stick-slip for all possible parameter combinations (PID, mass, Coulomb force, etc.) within the problem space. This paper presents an investigation into the reliability of describing functions as an analysis tool. A PID controller is applied to a plant with friction. The friction is represented by different describing functions. The results of describing function analysis are compared with theoretical results to determine the reliability of describing functions applied to the problem of friction. >
Topology of factor VIII bound to phosphatidylserine-containing model membranes.

Abstract Factor VIII (FVIII), a plasma glycoprotein, is an essential cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade. It is a multidomain protein, known to bind to phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing membranes. Based on X-ray and electron crystallography data, binding of FVIII to PS-containing membranes has been proposed to occur only via the C2 domain. Based on these models, the molecular topology of membrane-bound FVIII can be envisioned as one in which only a small fraction of the protein interacts with the membrane, whereas the majority of the molecule is exposed to an aqueous milieu. We have investigated the topology of the membrane-bound FVIII using biophysical and biochemical techniques. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence studies indicate no significant changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of FVIII associated with the membranes. Acrylamide quenching studies show that the protein is predominantly present on the surface of the membrane, exposed to the aqueous milieu. The light scattering and electron microscopy studies indicate the absence of vesicle aggregation and fusion. Binding studies with antibodies directed against specific epitopes in the A1, A2 and C2 domains suggest that FVIII binds to the membrane primarily via C2 domain including the specific phospholipid binding epitope (2303–2332) and may involve subtle conformational changes in this epitope region.
Introduction to gender editorials

Editorial Note: This is the final group of editorials in “The Gender Initiative,” a series published in the Journal beginning with the September 2003 issue, addressing gender differences in the surgical treatment of cardiac, vascular, and thoracic disease. Dr Andrew Wechsler, the editorialists, and I sincerely hope that the readers found the series to be both informative and provocative. Nancy A. Nussmeier, MD Texas Heart Institute See related editorials on pages 346 and 352.
Large Scale Coordination: The Study of Groups at Work

Naturalistic decision making (NDM) methods have previously been applied to understand individual and group cognition. The systemic aspects of work that are unavailable through the study of individuals or a single group can be revealed by cognitive research at large scale, among and across groups. The papers in this symposium explore the use of NDM methods including cognitive systems engineering to reveal how groups of operators have developed ways to perform inter-group work in real world settings. Insights from such studies inform the development of system-level products, including safety countermeasures and information and communication technology (ITC) that is intended to support this work.
Glutamine Immunoreactivity in Müller Cells of Monkey Eyes with Experimental Glaucoma

Abstract The action of glutamate in retina is largely terminated through rapid uptake by Muller cells and subsequent conversion primarily to glutamine. Glutamine, transferred from Muller cells to neurons, serves as a precursor for the formation of glutamate in neurons completing the glutamate-glutamine cycle. In a monkey model of high-tension glaucoma, we have examined glutamine immunoreactivity in the Muller cell as well as the number of Muller cells to determine whether the activity of these cells in the glutamate-glutamine cycle is affected, particularly since high vitreal glutamate has been reported in glaucoma. Unilateral glaucoma was induced in three monkeys by argon laser application to the trabecular meshwork. LR White sections of retina from the temporal mid-periphery (about 23°) and the parafovea (central 3°) were immunolabeled for glutamine using immunogold and silver intensification. The percentage difference in labeling intensity (darkness) in the glaucomatous retina was determined relative to the labeling found in the control retina by image analysis. Ganglion cell density was estimated from radial sections in the parafovea and from retinal whole mounts in the mid-periphery. The number of Muller cells was estimated from vibratome sections immunolabeled by vimentin antibodies in the temporal mid-periphery (about 30°). Glutamine immunoreactivity was localized predominately in ganglion cells and Muller cells. However, the intensity of glutamine immunolabeling was greater in Muller cells of glaucomatous eyes than in control eyes. This increase in glutamine immunolabeling was 25–32% in the temporal mid-periphery and 27–48% in the parafovea. Muller cell number in the glaucomatous eye was similar to that of the control in the temporal mid-periphery. The data in this study indicate that the increase in glutamine in Muller cells is not a consequence of their loss and that Muller cell function in the glutamate-glutamine cycle continues in glaucomatous eyes. These findings are consistent with a previous report that extracellular/vitreal glutamate concentration is elevated in high-tension glaucoma.
A Research Design for Studio-Based Research in Art.

A discussion of the connections that link theory and practice in studio-based research, and a research design to trans-illuminate that co-referential relationship.
Urinary Excretion of Methenamine and Formaldehyde: Evaluation of 10 Methenamine Products in Humans

The urinary excretion of both methenamine and formaldehyde was measured for 48 hr after the oral administration of 10 different methenamine products to 10 human subjects in a crossover study. The following dosage forms were evaluated: a tablet of methenamine base, a methenamine hippurate tablet, and eight products containing methenamine mandelate, including six enteric-coated tablets, a suspension, and a granule dosage form. The nonenteric-coated dosage forms were absorbed more rapidly, based on maximum excretion rates that occurred within 3 hr after dosing. The enteric-coated tablets, which were designed not to release methenamine until reaching the intestinal tract, exhibited maximum excretion rates that did not occur until 7-17 hr after dosing. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among products in terms of total excretion of free formaldehyde in the urine. However, large differences (p < 0.05) were noted among products for urinary recovery of total methenamine, with the amount of administered dose recovered ranging from 16 to 83%.
Outcome of the use of pediatric donor livers in adult recipients

The prolonged waiting time caused by the lack of donor livers leads to an increasing number of terminally ill patients waiting for lifesaving liver transplantation. To rescue these patients, transplant programs are accepting donor organs from the expanded donor pool, using donors of increasingly older age, as well as from the pediatric age group, often despite significant mismatch in liver size. We investigated the outcome of 102 consecutive liver transplantations using pediatric donor livers in adult recipients. One-year graft survival using donors aged 12 years or younger (group 1, n = 14) and donors aged 12 to 18 years (group 2, n = 88) was compared. In addition, risk factors for graft loss and vascular complications were analyzed. The 1-year graft survival rate in adult transplant recipients in group 1 was 64.3% compared with 87.5% in those in group 2 (P =.015). The main cause of graft loss was arterial complications, occurring in 5 of 16 transplant recipients (31.3%). Major risk factors for graft loss and vascular complications were related to the size of the donor: age, height and weight, body surface area of donor and recipient, and warm ischemic time. We conclude that the outcome of small pediatric donor livers in adult recipients is poor, mainly because of the increased incidence of arterial complications. When a pediatric donor is used in an adult recipient, ischemic time should be kept to a minimum and anticoagulative therapy should be administered in the immediate postoperative period to avoid arterial complications. However, because small pediatric donors are the only source of lifesaving organs for the infant recipient, the use of small pediatric donor livers in adults should be avoided.
A Fast Spectrum-Recovery Method for Hadamard Transform Spectrometers Having Nonideal Masks

A computationally inexpensive method is presented for the recovery of spectra from measurements obtained with Hadamard transform spectrometers having nonideal masks. Normally, N measurements are required in order to recover an N-point spectrum; this method requires N + N0 measurements to be taken, where, typically, N0 ≤ 10. Once the additional measurements have been taken, only O(N[log2N + 2]) arithmetic operations—mostly additions or subtractions—are needed in order to recover the spectrum; a conventional procedure requires O(2N2) operations. Preliminary work for this method is minimal, requiring O(N) operations as opposed to O(N3) for a conventional procedure; this work needs to be done only once for a given spectrometer. The spectrum-estimate obtained is unbiased.
Comparison and extension of recent one-dimensional bipolar transistor models

Various nonquasistatic (NQS) improvements of the Gummel-Pooh integral charge-control model are considered for both small-signal and large-signal excitations. The comparison includes the partitioned-charge-based (PCB) model by J.G. Fossum and S.V. Veeraraghaven (1986), the transient integral charge-control model (TICC) by H. Klose and A.W. Wieder (1987), and negative-capacitance (NC) and inductive (L) NQS equivalent circuits derived by truncation in the complex-frequency domain. For forward-active operation and an exponential doping profile in the base layer, the NC model is equivalent to the TICC model. For a uniform doping profile, the NC, TICC, and PCB models are equivalent. These three models, however, predict that the magnitude of the transconductances rises with frequency for high frequencies, a trend that, in principle, is incorrect. Truncation in the s-domain gives insight concerning this trend and provides a better model, i.e., the L model. The method of truncation used is well suited to bipolar transistors; is not suited to MOS and other devices in which space-charge-limited flow prevails. >
Thermoelectric air conditioning of totally enclosed environments

In this study of thermoelectric air conditioning, the emphasis is on that part of the air-conditioning system which provides temperature and humidity control and on the loads imposed on such a system.
Survival and behavior of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in two estuaries in Oregon, USA

Anadromous salmonids are viewed as a prized commodity and cultural symbol throughout the Pacific coast of North America. Unfortunately, several native salmonid populations are threatened or at risk of extinction. Despite this, little is known about the behavior and survival of these fish as the juveniles transition from freshwater to the ocean. Our primary objectives were to estimate survival of juvenile steelhead migrating between trapping sites and the ocean and evaluate whether survival in the estuary varies temporally (within a year) or spatially (within and between estuaries) within the same distinct population segment. We also evaluated whether flow or fork length were correlated with survival and collected information on variables that have been demonstrated to affect smolt survival in other studies to lend insight regarding differences in survival estimates between basins. We compared run timing, migration rate, survival, condition factor, age composition and time of residence in the estuary for steelhead outmigrants from each basin and measured parasite loads in outmigrating steelhead to evaluate potential differences in parasite density and parasite community between basins. In 2009, we implanted acoustic transmitters in 139 wild steelhead smolts in two small rivers on the Oregon Coast. In general, only 40–50 % of the wild steelhead smolts tagged at upstream smolt traps were detected entering the ocean. The majority of mortality occurred in the lower estuary near the ocean. Wild steelhead smolts typically spent less than 1 day in the estuary in both basins. Using similar data from previous studies in the Nehalem and Alsea basins, we showed that survival appears to be negatively correlated with flow in most releases, and in 2009 fork length was not correlated with survival. Our observations provide baseline information on factors that could influence smolt survival through the estuary as well as smolt to adult survival in these basins, and emphasize the importance of monitoring smolt survival in the estuary.
Pion production through coherent isobar formation in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract The spin, isobaric-spin formalism for the coherent production of isobars in the periphery of a high-energy projectile is extended to include the subsequent decay of the nucleonic isobars to their various pion charge states. Comparisons of the total pion cross sections over a range of energies are made to heavy-ion pion data.
Educational Facilities in Ground‐Water Geology and Hydrology in the United States and Canada, 1963

Increased activity in the fields of ground-water geology and hydrology has focused attention on the academic preparations required of a geologist or engineer planning to enter the field of ground water. In an effort to improve understanding of the educational facilities available in the United States and Canada, the Research Committee of the Technical Division of the National Water Well Association is periodically inquiring into the status of these facilities. To arrive at a better understanding of the formal course work in ground water, a seven-item questionnaire was circulated to appropriate educational institutions in May 1960. A report, “Educational and Academic Research Facilities in Ground-Water Geology and Hydrology in the United States and Canada”, was published in May 1961 summarizing the information obtained from returned questionnaires. A similar survey was made in May 1963 to obtain data on advancements in educational facilities in ground water since 1960. This report, a contribution of the Technical Division of NWWA, is based on questionnaires completed in 1963 and provides statistical data on university and college facilities in the field of ground water. Detailed information is presented on 1) course work, 2) textbooks, 3) degrees granted, 4) descriptions of departments offering course work, 5) course instructors and 6) student training and employment. Recent advancements in educational facilities are summarized. It is hoped that the statistical and descriptive information embodied in this report will provide a suitable background for those who wish to assess the adequacy of available educational facilities in ground-water geology and hydrology.
Foreign Investment and Development An Organizational Perspective

This article explores the impact of foreign investment on development from an organizational perspective, by examining the role of foreign subsidiaries in the economic growth of less developed countries between 1970 and 2000. Two aspects of foreign subsidiaries are considered. The first is the total number of foreign subsidiaries located in a given country. The second dimension is ‘foreign subsidiary concentration’, the percentage of foreign subsidiaries located in a given country owned by corporations headquartered in a single country. Several findings emerge from structural equation models of 41—70 less developed countries between 1970 and 2000. First, overall growth of foreign subsidiaries between 1970 and 2000 has a positive effect on economic growth in less developed countries. Second, relatively high levels of foreign subsidiary concentration in 1970 inhibit this expansion of foreign subsidiaries. Two other aspects of foreign investment, foreign investment concentration and foreign capital dominance...
Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas translucens from Annual Bluegrass on Golf Course Putting Greens

Bacterial wilt of Poa annua has been seen increasingly in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic United States in the past few years. The disease causes severe injury to putting greens and can kill large stands of turfgrass. For some time, however, both the bacterial origin of the disease and the causal agent were in doubt. In order to investigate the identity of the causal agent, isolation of the pathogen was undertaken and pathogenicity was confirmed using Koch's postulates on P. annua. Additional pathogenicity trials then were undertaken to determine the host range of the causal bacterium. Ability of the bacterium to cause disease was restricted to P. annua var. annua and P. attenuata. However, the bacterium was able to survive asymptomatically in vascular systems of P. annua var. reptans and P. trivialis. Experiments to determine the optimal growth temperature of the organism demonstrated that the bacterial growth peaked between 30 and 35°C. Fatty acid analysis suggested that the bacterium might be a species of Xanthomonas but was inconclusive. Ribosomal RNA analysis demonstrated significant similarity to the American Type Culture Collection isolate of Xanthomonas translucens pv. poae at 99.8%. Comparison of the host range to previously reported data agrees with our molecular findings and indicates that the likely casual organism of bacterial wilt of annual bluegrass is X. translucens pv. poae.
An ordered complex of filaments surrounding the lipid droplets in developing adipose cells

Examination of the lipid-cytoplasm interface of the weakly osmiophilic fat droplets in developing adipose cells from chick bone marrow reveals that the lipid does not lie free in the cytoplasm, nor is it bounded by a membrane, but instead is encompassed by a highly ordered complex of small, 80 A thick, filaments. In oblique sections, superimposition of the images of adjacent filaments results in a more or less continuous line which resembles a membrane. Perhaps this view of the system of filaments, in sections where heavily osmicated fat had retracted slightly from the interface, is responsible for reports that the lipid in adipose cells is enclosed by a membrane. It is suggested that a similar system of filaments may be visualized in adipose cells of other species after extraction of the strongly osmiophilic fat which obscures details at the surface of the lipid droplets. Although the true functional significance of the filaments is not yet known, the morphological evidence alone suggests that they may provide support for the lipid inclusions. An interpretation of the geometry of the filaments, consistent with the present evidence, is presented.