cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speech and Language Development: Monitoring Process and Problems

1. Susan McQuiston, PhD* 2. Nancy Kloczko, MD† 1. *Pediatric Psychologist. 2. †Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician, Baystate Children's Hospital, Springfield, MA. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the progression of normal speech-language development. 2. Recognize delayed and disordered speech-language development and indications for referral. 3. Understand possible biologic and environmental contributions to delayed language. 4. Implement appropriate management strategies. You are seeing a 2½-year-old boy for a routine health supervision visit. On a general developmental screening questionnaire, his mother reports that he is not yet talking. She has not been too concerned because the child's father was a late talker and they live in a bilingual household. Although the boy has had several episodes of otitis media, she feels strongly that there is no question of hearing loss because he seems to understand what is said to him. Other domains of development are reported as age-appropriate. His physical examination results are normal, and he appears to be a socially engaging toddler. However, you have concerns about his apparent low frustration tolerance and tendency to throw tantrums. It has been said that all typically developing children in all cultures master the basics of their language by 4 years of age. (1) However, 5% to 8% of children experience speech-language delays or disorders by the preschool years, which may be associated with later learning, socioemotional, or behavioral problems. The primary clinician often is the first professional to whom parents turn when a developmental problem is suspected, and in the course of routine health supervision visits, the clinician may encounter any of the following language-related questions or concerns:
Inverse streamflow routing

Abstract. The process whereby the spatially distributed runoff (generated through saturation/infiltration excesses, subsurface flow, etc.) travels over the hillslope and river network and becomes streamflow is generally referred to as "routing". In short, routing is a runoff-to-streamflow process, and the streamflow in rivers is the response to runoff integrated in both time and space. Here we develop a methodology to invert the routing process, i.e., to derive the spatially distributed runoff from streamflow (e.g., measured at gauge stations) by inverting an arbitrary linear routing model using fixed interval smoothing. We refer to this streamflow-to-runoff process as "inverse routing". Inversion experiments are performed using both synthetically generated and real streamflow measurements over the Ohio River basin. Results show that inverse routing can effectively reproduce the spatial field of runoff and its temporal dynamics from sufficiently dense gauge measurements, and the inversion performance can also be strongly affected by low gauge density and poor data quality. The runoff field is the only component in the terrestrial water budget that cannot be directly measured, and all previous studies used streamflow measurements in its place. Consequently, such studies are limited to scales where the spatial and temporal difference between the two can be ignored. Inverse routing provides a more sophisticated tool than traditional methods to bridge this gap and infer fine-scale (in both time and space) details of runoff from aggregated measurements. Improved handling of this final gap in terrestrial water budget analysis may potentially help us to use space-borne altimetry-based surface water measurements for cross-validating, cross-correcting, and assimilation with other space-borne water cycle observations.
Changes in the Activities of Aldolase and of D-Glyceraldehyde- 3- Phosphate Dehydrogenase during the Mitotic Cycle in Microspores of Lilium longiflorum*~ §

Microspores of Lilium longiflorum were isolated at various stages of development surrounding the mitotic interval and were analyzed for changes in the activities of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and aldolase. Fructose 1,6 diphosphate was used as substrate. Activities were measured by the increase in optical density due to the reduction of diphosphopyridine nucleotide. It was found that mitosis occurs during the minimal activity of both aldolase and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, thus indicating that heightened glycolytic capacity is not necessarily related to mitosis. It was also found that soluble-SH levels were highest when the enzymes were least active. It appeared, therefore, that the "—SH enzymes" are not necessarily activated intracellularly by high concentrations of soluble thiol. These results are discussed in connection with the theory that soluble-SH compounds stimulate glycolysis and in this way initiate mitosis.
Functionalization of nanostructured ZnO films by copper-free click reaction.

The copper-free click reaction was explored as a surface functionalization methodology for ZnO nanorod films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). 11-Azidodecanoic acid was bound to ZnO nanorod films through the carboxylic acid moiety, leaving the azide group available for Cu-free click reaction with alkynes. The azide-functionalized layer was reacted with 1-ethynylpyrene, a fluorescent probe, and with alkynated biotin, a small biomolecule. The immobilization of pyrene on the surface was probed by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the immobilization of biotin was confirmed by binding with streptavidin–fluorescein isothiocyanate (streptavidin–FITC). The functionalized ZnO films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR), steady-state fluorescence emission, fluorescence microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
Synthesis of designed W-WSe2 heterostructures from superlattice reactants

A nanocomposite consisting of alternating, orientated, crystalline layers of tungsten and tungsten diselenide was prepared using a designed elemental superlattice as the initial reactant. In binary tungsten−selenium multilayers, tungsten diselenide was observed to interfacially nucleate upon deposition and grow preferentially along the interface. This information was used to design a multilayer reactant containing a thick tungsten layer in addition to thin tungsten and selenium layers in the repeating unit. The evolution of the structure of the superlattice reactant as a function of annealing temperature was followed using both low- and high-angle diffraction. The diffraction data confirmed the formation of a superlattice or nanostructured composite consisting of alternating layers of tungsten and tungsten diselenide containing crystallites limited in c-axis domain size by the layer repeat.
In Vitro Growth and Sporulation of Blastomyces Dermatitidis on Woody Plant Material

(1977). In Vitro Growth and Sporulation of Blastomyces Dermatitidis on Woody Plant Material. Mycologia: Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 1193-1195.
NAD + Content and Its Role in Mitochondria

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a central metabolic coenzyme/cosubstrate involved in cellular energy metabolism and energy production. It can readily be reduced by two electron equivalents and forms the NADH form, which is the minority species to NAD(+) under most physiologic conditions. NAD(+) plays an important role in not only oxidation-reduction reactions in cells but also as a signaling molecule. For example, NAD(+) plays a key role in mitochondrial function via participation in pyruvate dehydrogenase, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation chemistries. It also serves as a substrate for deacylases SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, which modify protein posttranslational modifications on lysine within the mitochondrial compartment. Recent work has highlighted the biological significance of dynamic changes to mitochondrial NAD(+). This has increased the need for standardized and effective methods to measure NAD(+) contents in this organelle. To determine NAD(+) concentrations in cells, and specifically in mitochondria, we describe two assays for NAD(+) determinations: An Enzymatic Cycling Assay and Isotope Dilution. The cycling assay contains sample NAD(+), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, diaphorase, and resazurin. The isotope dilution assay uses synthetic (18)O-NAD(+) as an internal standard, and treated samples are fractionated by HPLC and then NAD(+) concentration determined by the (16)O- and (18)O-NAD(+) peak (664/666) ratio in positive mode MS.
Li2S Nanocrystals Confined in Free-Standing Carbon Paper for High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium sulfide (Li2S) with a high theoretical capacity of 1166 mAh g(-1) is a promising cathode material for Li-S batteries as it allows for the use of lithium-free anodes. However, a large overpotential (~1 V) is usually needed to activate microsized Li2S particles due to their low electronic and ionic conductivities. Here, nano-Li2S/carbon paper electrodes are developed via a simple Li2S solution filtration method. Li2S nanocrystals with a size less than 10 nm are formed uniformly in the pores of carbon paper network. These electrodes show an unprecedented low potential difference (0.1 V) in the first and following charges, also show high discharge capacities, good rate capability, and excellent cycling performance. More specifically, the nano-Li2S/carbon nanotube paper electrodes show a reversible capacity of 634 mAh g(-1) with a capacity retention of 92.4% at 1C rate from the 4th to 100th cycle, corresponding to a low capacity fading rate of 0.078% per cycle. These results demonstrate a facile and scalable electrode fabrication process for making high performance nano-Li2S/carbon paper electrodes, and the superior performance makes them promising for use with lithium metal-free anodes in rechargeable Li-S batteries for practical applications.
Update on Genomic Databases and Resources at the National Center for Biotechnology Information

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), as a primary public repository of genomic sequence data, collects and maintains enormous amounts of heterogeneous data. Data for genomes, genes, gene expressions, gene variation, gene families, proteins, and protein domains are integrated with the analytical, search, and retrieval resources through the NCBI website, text-based search and retrieval system, provides a fast and easy way to navigate across diverse biological databases.Comparative genome analysis tools lead to further understanding of evolution processes quickening the pace of discovery. Recent technological innovations have ignited an explosion in genome sequencing that has fundamentally changed our understanding of the biology of living organisms. This huge increase in DNA sequence data presents new challenges for the information management system and the visualization tools. New strategies have been designed to bring an order to this genome sequence shockwave and improve the usability of associated data.
In vitro evaluation of endodontic posts.

PURPOSE To compare stainless steel posts and three different fibrous posts with respect to pullout (shear) strength from extracted third molars embedded in denture acrylic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Post space was prepared and the posts cemented with a resin cement according to manufacturer's instructions. Single step and multi-step dentin bonding systems were also evaluated. The testing was in tension at a loading rate of 2 mm/min. RESULTS The statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in the pullout (shear) strength between any of the post groups tested. Also evaluated was the flexure strength of the fibrous posts before and after thermal cycling. Statistical analysis indicated a significant decrease in flexure strength for the respective fibrous posts following thermal cycling.
Active Brains in Search and Satisfaction

As I alluded to at the end of the introduction, three great neuroscientists really shaped the field, as Larry Swanson points out: Cajal, with his description and histological representation of neural systems; Sherrington, by describing the sensory motor integration at the core brainstem level of the neural axis; and Pavlov, for displaying anticipatory behaviors that serve adaptation under normal condition and pathological expression under excessive conditions (Swanson, 2003, 2011).
Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from digested and separated dairy manure during storage and after land application

Manure management at dairy production facilities, including anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid-liquid separation (SLS), has shown strong potential for the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions. However, previous study results are inconsistent and the combined effect of AD + SLS remains to be quantified. This study evaluated the effects of AD, SLS, and AD + SLS on GHG and NH3 emissions during manure storage through land application over nine months. AD and SLS alone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced total GHG emissions for storage and land application compared to untreated manure slurries by 25% and 31%, respectively. The majority of that reduction was from methane during storage. SLS had a greater potential for methane reduction in storage than AD, but the variability in digester performance likely impacts the reduction potential. Digestion with subsequent separation further decreased CH4 emissions from 3.9 g CO2-eq to 1.3 g CO2-eq, but increased emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from 0.6 g CO2-eq to 2.0 g CO2-eq during storage eliminating a further reduction of GHG emissions as compared to AD alone. AD resulted in a gas emission tradeoff as it increased NH3 emissions by 81% during storage, which could be mitigated by subsequent SLS, manure storage covers, or other beneficial management practices.
Treatment for sternoclavicular joint infections: a multi-institutional study.

Background: Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) infections are rare and difficult to manage. Surgery is necessary for treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the university hospital and Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals of all patients treated for SCJ infections since 2001 was conducted. Fifteen [15] patients were identified and evaluated for the types of infections, risk factors, treatments and survival. Results: All 15 patients were symptomatic including: pain [13], erythema [9], purulent drainage [3], fever greater than 38.3 ℃ [2], and leukocytosis [9]. The associated medical problems included: diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and renal failure. All patients underwent intraoperative joint resection. Sixtyseven percent (67%) of intraoperative wound cultures grew staphylococcus aureus. Fourteen patients were discharged on intravenous antibiotics. The follow-up ranged between 1 week–11 months. Thirteen patients are currently alive without infection. Two patients died: 1 of sepsis and 1 of unknown causes after discharge. Conclusions: Symptomatic SCJ infections require surgical intervention. The most common organism was staphylococcus aureus.
Validation of Fecal-based Methods for Monitoring Nutrition and Reproduction of Moose in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Understanding the influence of habitat and climate on wildlife nutrition, reproduction and demography is a major goal for natural resource managers and ecologists alike. Although both top-down (i.e., predation and disease) and bottom-up (i.e. habitat and nutrition) forces impact demography, the nutritional condition of an animal is an integration of its environment (Parker et al. 2009) and influences reproduction and survival (Clutton-Brock et al. 1987, Keech et al. 2000, Cook et al. 2004), thus allowing for the identification of limiting factors. Researchers and managers must understand which factors limit population growth before mitigating actions can be taken.
IMPROVING LEARNING MATHEMATICS QUALITY THROUGH COOVERATIVE MODEL-BASED CONTEXTUAL

This research is the classroom Action Research (CAR) which aims to improve the quality of mathematics learning through contextual – based cooperative model. This research was conducted at a SDN Kompleks IKIP 1 Makassar. The subjects were students of class VB (second semester Academic Year 2009/2010). Students activities data, the ability of teachers to manage learning and teachers’ activity was obtained by using the observation sheet and for student learning outcomes data used achievement test. Results showed that (1) student activities at the First Cycle of exiting categories of students activities do not meet the ideal time, on the second and third cycle students activities have fulfilled the ideal time. (2) learning management on Cycle I was in hight enougt category, Cycle II was in the high category, and the Cycle III was at a very high category, so the ability of teachers to manage learning was as expected. (3) Cycle I, Cycle II some activites of teachers still are beyond tolerance time, the Cycle III has been reduced rather than Cycle I and Cycle II, the activity of teachers has increased (4) study results on Cycle I have not finished from 49 students who have not completed as many as 27 or 55.10% with average learning 61.22, in Cycle II students who have not finished are as many as 20 atau 40.81% with an average of 63.83 learning outcomes in the category has not been completed, while in the Cycle III has reached the completeness with the number of students who have not completed 10 or 24.40%, while the numbers of students who completed was as many as 39 or 79.59%, with an average of 75.39 learning outcomes. Descriptive statistics show that every cycle analysis showed the changes which increased at every cycle
“Where’s the beef?”: A reply to Heinich

The following is an unsolicited reaction by Richard Clark to the article “The Proper Study of Instructional Technology” by Robert Heinich that was published as the ERIC/ECTJ Annual Review Paper in the Summer 1984 issue of this journal.
From I to You to We: Empathy and Community in Edith Stein’s Phenomenology

Recent years have seen a resurgence in work on Edith Stein’s theories of empathy (Jardine, Human Studies 38(4): 567–589, 2015; Moran, The problem of empathy: Lipps, Scheler, Husserl and Stein. In: Kelly T, Rosemann P (eds) Amor amicitiae, on the love that is friendship: essays in medieval thought and beyond in honor of the Rev. Professor James McEvoy. Peeters, Leuven/Dudley, pp. 269–312, 2004; Szanto, Human Studies 38(4):503–527, 2015; Taipale, Human Studies 38 (4):463–479, 2015; Vendrell Ferran, Human Studies 38(4):481–502, 2015; Zahavi, Inquiry 53(3):285–306, 2010) and of community and collective intentionality (Burns, Studies 38(4):529–547, 2015; Caminada, Human Studies 38(4):549–566, 2015; Calcagno, Lived experience from the inside out: social and political philosophy in Edith Stein. Duquesne University Press, Pittsburgh, 2014). Notably absent, however, is an account of the relationship between empathy and community. This chapter begins the work of making this relationship explicit. This can be of at least two-fold service to future research. First, it will show the conceptual richness and complexity of Stein’s theory of empathy, demonstrating that it cannot be confined to the theory-of-mind debate between simulation theorists, theory-theorists, and advocates of a direct perception model. Second, it may also serve to orient future research into collective intentionality by elucidating her original theory of communal experience. After establishing Steinian accounts of empathy and communal experience, I argue that empathy is a necessary but not sufficient condition for community.
Regulatory Lymphocytes from Anti-μ Bursectomized Agammaglobulinemic Chickens

Due to the clear distinction between the bursa of Fabricius and thymus that serve as central organs for the generation of B lymphocytes and T cells, respectively, the avian immune system provides a unique model to study the mechanisms involved in various immunological deficiency diseases of man. In the chicken various techniques have been used to remove or ablate potential antibody-forming B cells during embryonic or early post-embryonic life (1–11). During the course of maturation, these bursectomized chickens usually exhibited a state of hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia without an apparent change in T cell function (12). Of recent interest is the development of a progressive humoral immunodeficiency in chickens that had received lymphoid cells from syngeneic agammaglobulinemic donors (13–15). The suppressive factor(s) responsible for induction of the agammaglobulinemic state is apparently a T cell. Consistent with this report is the observation that T cells from some individuals with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia exert a suppressive effect on the synthesis of immunoglobulin by normal B cells in vitro (16).
Democratic Teachers Mentoring Novice Teachers: Enacting Democratic Practices and Pedagogy in Teacher Education.

ABSTRACTMuch like preservice teachers, who cite cooperating teachers as influential to the learning-to-teach process, this study and its findings center the work of cooperating teachers as essential to teacher education for democratic education. The mentoring practices of cooperating teachers often reflect their teaching practices with students in their classroom; as such, this study examines the mentoring practices of five democratic teachers who worked with six preservice teachers in a one-semester clinical experience. Democratic mentoring affords preservice teachers opportunities to observe democratic teaching practices, to attempt enacting democratic practices within a classroom context ready for progressive practices and curricula, and importantly, to experience democratic education in their own learning-to-teach process. Further, recognition of the democratic mentoring practices of cooperating teachers, as teacher educators, democratizes teacher education by attending to multiple spaces of knowledge...
SOLVING ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS ON AN ARRAY PROCESSOR SYSTEM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses elliptic problems that not only are very important in their own right, but often occur as the compute-intensive innermost loop of large-scale scientific computations. It presents a hypothetical discussion of the application of array processor systems to solving elliptic problems. While such systems have been successfully applied to cost-effective signal processing, it is by no means obvious that they would be effective in this application. The chapter also explains array processor systems and the Floating Point Systems AP-164, to solve the Poisson equation. It presents three standard algorithms based on Fast Fourier Transform FFTs, their implementation and algorithmic complexity on the AP-164, and numerical experiments. For these algorithms the AP-164 is essentially as fast as published benchmarks for the CDC-7600.
Lernprozesse und Verhaltensänderung

Ganz Paris war auf den Beinen und aus dem Hauschen, als bekannt wurde, das man ein wild aufgewachsenes Kind eingefangen hatte. Das Kind, das zu diesem Zeitpunkt etwa 12 Jahre alt war, war schon 5 Jahre vorher gesehen worden, als es nackt durch den Wald lief. Es lebte anscheinend allein und ernahrte sich von Wurzeln, Nussen und Wildbret. Die vielen Schrammen und Narben auf seinem Korper zeugten von seinen Uberlebenskampfen mit den wilden Tieren im Wald von Aveyron. Nachdem es die Jager eingefangen hatten, gelang es ihm zwar zu entfliehen, doch bald darauf wurde es erneut eingefangen. Der Junge verhielt sich jedoch „weiterhin wild und zuruckgezogen“, wie berichtet wird, sowie „ungeduldig, unruhig und dauernd darauf bedacht zu entfliehen“.
Modeling, Docking, and Fitting of Atomic Structures to 3D Maps from Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Electron microscopy (EM) and image analysis offer an effective approach for determining the three-dimensional structure of macromolecular complexes. The versatility of these methods means that molecular species not normally amenable to other structural methods, e.g., X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, can be analyzed. However, the resolution of EM structures is often too low to provide an atomic model directly by chain tracing. Instead, a combination of modeling and fitting can be an effective way to analyze the EM structure at an atomic level, thus allowing localization of subunits or evaluation of conformational changes. Here we describe the steps involved in this process: building a homology model, fitting this model to an EM map, and using computational methods for docking of additional domains to the model. As an example, we illustrate the methods using an integral membrane protein, CopA, which functions to pump copper across the membrane in an ATP-dependent manner. In this example, we build a homology model based on the published atomic coordinates for a related calcium pump from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA). After fitting this homology model to a 17 A resolution EM map, computational software is used to dock a metal-binding domain (MBD) that is unique to the copper pump. Although this software identifies a number of plausible interfaces for docking, the constraints of the EM map steer us to select a unique solution. Thus, the synergy of these two methods allows us to describe both the location of the unknown MBD relative to the other cytoplasmic domains and the atomic details of the domain interface.
Geometry of Large Random Trees: SPDE Approximation

In this chapter we present a point of view at large random trees. We study the geometry of large random rooted plane trees under Gibbs distributions with nearest neighbour interaction. In the first section of this chapter, we study the limiting behaviour of the trees as their size grows to infinity. We give results showing that the branching type statistics is deterministic in the limit, and the deviations from this law of large numbers follow a large deviation principle. Under the same limit, the distribution on finite trees converges to a distribution on infinite ones. These trees can be interpreted as realizations of a critical branching process conditioned on non-extinction. In the second section, we consider a natural embedding of the infinite tree into the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and obtain a scaling limit for this embedding. The geometry of the limiting object is of particular interest. It can be viewed as a stochastic foliation, a flow of monotone maps, or as a solution to a certain Stochastic PDE with respect to a Brownian sheet. We describe these points of view and discuss a natural connection with superprocesses.
Reinsurance as Governance: Governmental Risk Management Pools as a Case Study in the Governance Role Played by Reinsurance Institutions

Scholars have eloquently detailed the "Insurance as Governance" concept, the potential capacity for reinsurer regulatory influence on insurers, and the many aspects under which these theories may arise. This Article takes the next step in analyzing the complex reinsurer-insurer relationship through empirical research into how carriers are actually influenced by reinsurers, and what effect this has on the parties. In other words, "Reinsurance as Governance." As a case study in the governance role played by reinsurance institutions, this Article organizes survey interview responses of senior officials in the governmental entity self-insured risk management pool sector into four distinct discussion areas: (i) how reinsurers influence pools in general and in the key areas of underwriting, claims, and finance/solvency; (ii) the duty of utmost good faith and its effect; (iii) the level to which pools afford accommodation to reinsurers; and (iv) whether reinsurer influence varies based on pool circumstances, or external factors. While analysis of the data collected showed varying degrees of regulation or governance by reinsurers, the Article concludes that not only does a form of reinsurance influence or 'governance' clearly exist in the largely unregulated world of self-insured pools, whether characterized as direct, indirect, or regulatory in nature, but also that the governance effect is an open and recognized influence that is accepted by the pools. To build a foundation for this research, this Article includes the history of self-funded governmental entity pooling; the typical legal construction of such pools in the United States based on the original Texas model; an detailed overview of reinsurance operative concepts, including utmost good faith and 'follow the fortunes'; and the basic theories of insurance and reinsurance as governance.
ELECTRON TEMPERATURE IN THE RAPID EXPANSION OF A PLASMA FLOW

Summary Under conditions of low pressure and high acceleration (rapid expansion) of a flowing plasma, such as could conceivably occur in forms of magnetoplasmadynamic electrical power generator, it is postulated that the electron temperature may be considerably higher than the gas temperature. This situation could have important effects on ionization, electrical conductivity and on ion-electron recombination processes. An attempt is made to define regimes in which the elevated electron temperature effect could occur, and to obtain quantitative information for pure cesium and helium-cesium plasmas.
Hyperbuilding the civilized city: ethnicity and marginalization in Eastern Tibet

Western China and the states of Central Asia are increasingly urbanized, and governments are investing large sums in founding and expanding cities. Rapid and spectacular hyperbuilding has led to th...
Valve Hemodynamics and Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for a Small Aortic Annulus

The hemodynamics and outcomes in patients with a small aortic annulus (SAA) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a second-generation transcatheter heart valve remain unclear. We investigated whether TAVR with a Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) influences postprocedural valve hemodynamics and long-term outcome in high-risk SAA patients compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).We retrospectively identified 94 SAA patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (TAVR = 35 and SAVR = 59). SAA was defined as an aortic annulus diameter ≤ 20 mm, measured by preprocedural transesophageal echocardiography.The mean age was 80.2 years. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Predicted Risk of Mortality was 6.8%. The post-procedural peak transvalvular velocity and mean pressure gradient were significantly lower in the TAVR cohort than in the SAVR cohort, whereas the postprocedural aortic valve area was significantly higher in the TAVR cohort. Severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) occurred less frequently after TAVR than SAVR (TAVR 2.9% versus SAVR 22.0%, P = 0.01). The two-year mortality in SAA patients was similar between the two groups.TAVR with a Sapien XT in SAA patients improved the valve hemodynamics and reduced the incidence of PPM compared with SAVR. TAVR patients had a similar 2-year mortality despite higher risk baseline characteristics. To avoid PPM and the consequent poor outcomes, TAVR can be considered an alternative option to SAVR in high surgical risk patients with SAA.
Identifying nurses' concern concepts about patient deterioration using a standard nursing terminology.

Abstract Objectives Nurse concerns documented in nursing notes are important predictors of patient risk of deterioration. Using a standard nursing terminology and inputs from subject-matter experts (SMEs), we aimed to identify and define nurse concern concepts and terms about patient deterioration, which can be used to support subsequent automated tasks, such as natural language processing and risk predication. Methods Group consensus meetings with nurse SMEs were held to identify nursing concerns by grading Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system concepts based on clinical knowledge. Next, a fundamental lexicon was built placing selected CCC concepts into a framework of entities and seed terms to extend CCC granularity. Results A total of 29 CCC concepts were selected as reflecting nurse concerns. From these, 111 entities and 586 seed terms were generated into a fundamental lexicon. Nursing concern concepts differed across settings (intensive care units versus non-intensive care units) and unit types (medicine versus surgery units). Conclusions The CCC concepts were useful for representing nursing concern as they encompass a nursing-centric conceptual framework and are practical in lexicon construction. It enabled the codification of nursing concerns for deteriorating patients at a standardized conceptual level. The boundary of selected CCC concepts and lexicons were determined by the SMEs. The fundamental lexicon offers more granular terms that can be identified and processed in an automated fashion.
Lawsonite-rich layers as records of fluid and element mobility in subducted crust (Sivrihisar Massif, Turkey)

Abstract Lawsonite is an abundant hydrous mineral in subducted oceanic crust and sediments and is an important carrier of water (∼11.5 wt%) and trace elements (REE, U, Th, Sr, Pb) into the mantle. Despite its widespread stability at the high-pressure/low-temperature conditions of subduction, it is rarely preserved in the geologic record, particularly in eclogite. Therefore, scarce fresh lawsonite eclogites in which the composition of lawsonite can be directly determined are important geochemical archives of fluid-mediated processes during subduction. Of particular interest are lawsonite-rich veins and layers that may represent former fluid pathways or metasomatic zones and that therefore may record element mobility related to fluid-rock interaction during subduction and/or incipient exhumation. In the Sivrihisar (Turkey) subduction complex, lawsonite-rich veins and layers comprised of ∼30–50 % lawsonite occur at pod margins where lawsonite eclogite has been partially transformed to lawsonite blueschist. To understand the petrogenesis of these lawsonite-rich assemblages, we conducted a petrographic and geochemical study of a representative lawsonite-rich layer at the margin of a meter-scale lawsonite eclogite pod. Bulk rock and mineral major and trace element analyses were conducted along a transect consisting of the lawsonite-rich layer (Lws + Grt + Ph), its glaucophane-rich margin (Gln + Grt + Lws + Ph + Rt), and the lawsonite eclogite host at varying distances from the layer (∼1–2 cm away and >10 cm away). The bulk-rock composition of the lawsonite eclogite indicates a basaltic protolith that experienced interactions with (meta-)sedimentary rocks before or during the crystallization of high-pressure phases such as garnet and rutile. Integrated major and trace element composition and zoning in high-pressure phases indicate that the lawsonite-rich layer and its associated glaucophane-rich margin likely formed at or near peak eclogite-facies conditions (2.2–2.4 GPa, 520 °C) as a result of fluid-mediated processes that scavenged Al2O3, MnO, Y, Th, HFSE, and REE from the eclogite immediately adjacent to the vein (∼1–2 cm away). Mass balance calculations also suggest the addition of LILE and transition metals (Ni, Cr, Zn) to the lithologic layers at the pod margin; these elements were likely supplied from an external source, such as serpentinites and/or sediments, both of which occur interspersed with mafic rocks in the Sivrihisar complex. Fluid-rock interaction may have also driven changes in fO2, as omphacite, glaucophane, lawsonite, and phengite from the pod margin record core-to-rim increases in Fe3+. These changes in bulk composition preferentially stabilized glaucophane-rich (blueschist) and LREE- and LILE-enriched lawsonite-rich assemblages at the pod margin.
Feminist Policy Scholars Intervene in Welfare Debate

AS PUNITIVE WELFARE PROPOSALS BEGAN TO MAKE THEIR WAY THROUGH CONGRESS in the spring of 1995, a group of feminist social policy scholars joined together to combine our voices and deploy our expertise in sisterhood with poor mothers and in opposition to "welfare reform." Calling ourselves the Women's Committee of One Hundred--because our initial goal was to pledge 100 scholars, advocates, and social welfare practitioners to the cause of welfare justice--we lobbied Congress and the White House, mobilized call-in campaigns, designed and placed ads in the New York Times and the New Republic, and developed teach-in materials for communities and campuses. Our primary message was that caregiving is work, including when it is performed for one's own children or other dependents. We worked to bring the caregiving issue to the welfare debate, and so to expose the race- and class-based double standard behind efforts to strip poor mothers of economic security through stringent welfare requirements such as mandatory work outside the home and time limits. In August 1996, President Clinton signed into law the welfare legislation we had opposed. The new welfare law replaced the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program, which had provided income assistance to poor children and their caregivers for 60 years, with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program (TANF). The TANF law stipulated more stringent regulation of poor mothers'intimate decisions; imposed work requirements that foreclosed caregiving by poor mothers for their own children; meted out punishments and disincentives to mothers who do not satisfy various mandates; authorized discrimination against documented immigrants; and declared a cumulative five-year lifetime limit on eligibility for welfare. In addition, the 1996 law required that the new TANF program be legislatively reauthorized in 2002. The Women's Committee of One Hundred targeted the 2002 reauthorization process as an opportunity to try to undo some of the damage wrought by the 1996 law--damage both to poor mothers' rights and to their families' economic security. Other groups also organized to this end, including the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund (NOW-LDEF) and the Welfare Made a Difference Campaign, as well as grass-roots welfare rights groups throughout the country. During 2000 and 2001, recipients and advocates at the grass roots and inside the beltway strove to develop a legislative alternative to the punitive policy framework. In the early spring of 2001, my late mother Patsy Mink, then a member of Congress, decided that she wanted to bring a progressive welfare bill to the table during the reauthorization process, much as she had done during the "welfare reform" process in 1995. On behalf of my mother and as a member of the Women's Committee, I worked closely with NOW-LDEF and the Welfare Made a Difference Campaign to try to design a bill that would recognize mothers' rights and caregiving work while promoting economic security. …
Imaging Flow Cytometry at >13K events/s Using GPU-Accelerated Computer Vision

Flow cytometers are widely used to rapidly measure characteristics of single cells. Typical laser-based instruments provide throughputs of >10,000 events/s; however, the number of measured features is typically small and apply to the entire cell volume. Imaging flow cytometers (IFC) rely instead on 2D images of the objects, providing hundreds to millions of spatially resolved features. However, the throughput of IFCs is typically lower (several thousand events/s) due to the computational overhead of 2D image processing. Here, we demonstrate a GPU-accelerated computer vision analyzer which substantially increases computational throughput. When coupled to a 300 frame per second (fps) real-time camera, the system is limited by the camera and analyzes 1260 particles/s in a 500x700 pixel video with 4-5 particles/frame. When reading from a solid state disk, the throughput increases to 4500 fps with ~3 particles per frame, resulting in a throughput of 13,500 particles/s. The reported throughput is 2.5-4X higher than existing technologies, paving the way for ultra-high throughput IFC.
A CURE for physiological characterization of bacterioplankton in liquid culture

ABSTRACT Bacterial characterization is an important aspect of microbiology that includes experimentally determining growth rates, environmental conditions conducive to growth, and the types of energy sources microorganisms can use. Researchers use this information to help understand and predict an organism’s ecological distribution and environmental functions. Microbiology students generally conduct bacterial characterization experiments in their coursework; however they are frequently restricted to model organisms without ecological relevance and for which the results have been known for decades. We present a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) curriculum to involve students in characterization of previously untested, ecologically relevant bacterioplankton cultures to identify the carbon substrates used for growth, as well as the temperature and salinity ranges conducive to growth. Students use these results to connect their organism’s physiology to the isolation environment. This curriculum also exposes students to advanced microbiology methods such as flow cytometry for measuring cell concentrations, teaches them to use the programming language R for data plotting, and emphasizes scientific communication through writing, speaking, poster creation/presentation, and social media. This CURE is an attractive introduction to scientific research and was successfully tested with 147 students during the fall semester of 2018.
Diagnosing endometriosis before laparoscopy: radiologic tools to evaluate the disease.

Purpose of review The current gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis is laparoscopy with tissue biopsy. This review presents new evidence regarding advanced imaging for more optimal clinical assessment and preoperative evaluation for endometriosis. Recent findings A systematic approach to the imaging evaluation of endometriosis using transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging has been proposed by expert groups and societies. Evidence suggests that new imaging techniques improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and facilitate improved preoperative mapping of endometriotic lesions. Summary The clinical diagnosis of endometriosis, including new structured imaging protocols and techniques, is paramount in an initial evaluation. If surgery is indicated, clinical examination and imaging should provide sufficient information to anticipate the extent of surgery, properly counsel the patient, and when appropriate, refer to a minimally invasive gynecologic surgery specialist or assemble a multidisciplinary team.
Is There Clinical Improvement Associated With Intradiscal Therapies? A Comparison Across Randomized Controlled Studies.

Study Design:Post hoc comparison using single-site data from 4 multicenter randomized controlled trials.Objectives:Discogenic back pain is associated with significant morbidity and medical cost. Se...
Against National Sovereignty: The Postcolonial New World Order and the Containment of Decolonization

In this paper, I examine the growing reliance on discourses of autochthony in nationalisms throughout the world. Native-ness (or indigeneity) is increasingly being made a key criterion for claiming national sovereignty over territory, as well as the more amorphous – but no less consequential – claim to national membership. By examining the crucial colonial genealogy of autochthonous discursive practices, I argue that claims to autochthony are metaphysical and, as such, deeply depoliticizing of the exclusions they produce. Drawing upon historical studies showing how imperial-states deployed autocthonous discourses to divide those they categorized as Natives and Migrants from one another in an effort to maintain their imperial rule, I show the continuities of such practices in the Postcolonial New World Order of nation-states. Despite their rhetoric, I argue that contemporary, nationalist discourses of autochthonies have not – and cannot – succeed in realizing decolonization, precisely because of their reliance on modes of political, economic, and social exclusion based on the separation of people categorized as either Native-Nationals or as Migrants. The material force of ideas of Native-Nationalism(s), because they are premised on territorial sovereignty and not on the end of practices of expropriation and exploitation across the planet, are part of the worldwide relations of ruling and not threats to it.
An Improved Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) System in Zoysiagrass

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful RNA-silencing technique for transient gene manipulation and functional verification. However, the procedure of its application among dicot and monocot species varies based on types of vectors, plant susceptibility, as well as inoculation methods. Here, we described a simple yet efficient tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS system for functional analysis of genes in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica cv. “Zenith”), an important warm-season turfgrass species, using Nicotiana benthamiana as an intermediate host. VIGS of the PDS reporter gene resulted in a characteristic photo-bleaching phenotype in majority of the inoculated leaves up to 70% reduction of expression of the endogenous phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in zoysiagrass. Our protocol provides a fast and efficient toolbox for high-throughput functional genomics in zoysiagrass species, which could potentially be applied to other warm-season turfgrass species.
Characterization of Pericarditis following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

ABSTRACT Pericarditis is an uncommon cardiac complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), with limited data characterizing its incidence, presentation, and management. The etiology of pericarditis in this setting is poorly understood and may include conditioning-related toxicity, infection, or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The objective of the present study was to characterize the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of post-alloHCT pericarditis observed at a single center. This retrospective case-control study of consecutive adults undergoing alloHCT over 5 years was conducted to identify patients who developed pericarditis. Pericarditis was diagnosed using clinical, electrocardiography, and echocardiography findings. Identified cases were compared with a cohort of patients who underwent alloHCT during the same period but did not develop pericarditis. A total of 620 patients underwent alloHCT over the 5-year period, 20 of whom developed pericarditis (3.2% incidence). One patient had a pre-alloHCT history of pericarditis. All but 3 patients had received anthracycline therapy and 1 patient had received chest irradiation before undergoing alloHCT. Patients with pericarditis were more likely than patients without pericarditis to have received total body irradiation (odds ratio [OR], 4.57; P = .003) or cyclophosphamide (OR, 2.35; P = .07) as conditioning or GVHD prophylaxis. Fourteen patients experienced their initial episode of pericarditis before day +100 post-alloHCT, with a median time to onset at day +7. Six patients had their initial episode on day +100 or later, with a median time to onset at day +268. Only 1 patient had active, previously diagnosed GVHD, and 3 patients were on systemic steroid therapy at the time of pericarditis diagnosis. Pericarditis was treated primarily with colchicine (median duration 91 days). Seven episodes of recurrence occurred in 5 patients. Two patients experienced cardiac tamponade following their initial diagnosis, and 3 developed tamponade at recurrence. Recurrence was more common in patients who received no or
In Extremis Leadership: Leading As If Your Life Depended On It

Foreword (Joseph W. Pfeifer). Introduction. 1. Key Characteristics of In Extremis Leaders - and How They Are Relevant in All Organizations. 2. In Extremis Lessons for Business and Life: Strengthening Your Own Leadership by Example. 3. The In Extremis Leadership Model: What It Is, Why It Works, and How to Use It. 4. Learning About Fear and Leadership from Dangerous Settings: Handling Emotion During In Extremis Situations. 5. Leading When Tragedy Strikes: Learning to Cope with Loss. 6. Building Teams That Build Leaders: An In Extremis Case Study. Conclusion. Resource: Physical Development for In Extremis Leaders. Notes. Index. Acknowledgments. The Author.