cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An mHealth-Based Intervention for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Single-Arm Study

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects more than 165,000 individuals younger than 20 years in the United States of America. The transition from parent management to parent-child team management, with the child taking on increased levels of self-care, can be stressful and is associated with a deterioration in self-management behaviors. Therefore, a mobile app intervention, MyT1DHero, was designed to facilitate diabetes-specific positive parent-adolescent communication and improve diabetes-related outcomes. The MyT1DHero intervention links an adolescent with T1D and their parent through 2 separate app interfaces and is designed to promote positive communication regarding T1D management. Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to determine (1) the initial efficacy of the MyT1DHero intervention in improving diabetes outcomes in adolescents, specifically the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, diabetes care adherence, and quality of life, and (2) the adolescents’ overall satisfaction with this intervention. Methods: This pilot study included 30 adolescent-parent pairs who used the MyT1DHero app in a 12-week single-arm clinical trial. Participants were recruited from the local pediatric endocrinology subspecialty clinic via snowball sampling. HbA1c levels, diabetes care adherence, quality of life, family conflict, and satisfaction levels were measured and analyzed using paired sample two-sided t tests and linear regression analyses. Results: The final analysis included 25 families. The mean age of the adolescents was 12.28 (SD 1.62) years. Half of the participants (13/25) reported a diabetes diagnosis of less than 5 years. After 12 weeks of the intervention, diabetes care adherence significantly improved (before the study: mean 3.87 [SD 0.59]; after the study: mean 4.19 [SD 0.65]; t21=–2.52, P=.02, d=0.52) as did quality of life (before the study: mean 4.02 [SD 0.84]; after the study: mean 4.27 [SD 0.73]; t24=2.48, P=.01, d=0.32). HbA1c levels (before the study: mean 8.94 [SD 1.46]; after the study: mean 8.87 [SD 1.29]; t24=0.67, P=.51, d=0.04) and family conflict (before the study: mean 2.45 [SD 0.55]; after the study: mean 2.61 [SD 0.45]; t23=0.55, P=.14, d=0.32) changed in the hypothesized direction, but the change was not significant. However, higher use of the mobile app was associated with more improvement in HbA1c levels (F1,20=9.74, P<.005; R2=0.33). Overall, the adolescents were satisfied with the app intervention. Conclusions: In a 12-week pilot study of the mobile app intervention designed to facilitate parent-adolescent communication for improving diabetes outcomes, significant benefits were demonstrated in self-care adherence and quality of life. A randomized controlled trial with a longer intervention is needed to replicate these findings and to determine the stability of the intervention effects. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03436628; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03436628
Designing Voter Education Across the States: State Responses to the Help America Vote Act

The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) incentivized states to invest in voter education and outreach by making federal funds available under the condition that states include a voter education section in...
Baseline apnea-hypopnea index threshold and adenotonsillectomy consideration in children with OSA.

Abstract Objectives Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is the first line of treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In some treatment guidelines, children with moderate to severe OSA, defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5, may be recommended AT regardless of symptoms. The differences in outcomes between children randomized to watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC) or AT were compared based on baseline OSA severity threshold of AHI≥ 5. Methods A secondary analysis of the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial, a randomized controlled trial of children with OSA aged 5–9 years who underwent AT or WWSC, was performed. The primary outcome was the change in neurocognition measured by Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY). Secondary outcomes included changes in behavior, symptoms of OSA, and quality of life. Outcomes were measured at baseline and the seven-month follow-up after grouping children based on whether their AHI was greater than or equal to 5. Comparisons were performed using two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for age, sex and race. Differences in treatment effect were measured using Cohen's d. Results Of the 397 children included, 203 received WWSC and 194 underwent AT. The treatment effects on post-randomization changes in neurocognition, measured by NEPSY in children with AHI ≥5 (Cohen's d = 0.1 [95% CI, −0.1 to 0.4]) was not significantly different from children with AHI Conclusion The outcomes of neurocognition, behavior, symptoms, and quality of life did not differ between children with OSA randomized to WWSC or AT based on OSA severity threshold alone. Additionally, the effects of AT on post-treatment outcomes did not differ based on AHI threshold.
Rapid bacterial swimming measured in swarming cells of Thiovulum majus.

Abstract Swarming cells of the sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Thiovulum majus form bands and show bioconvective patterns of swimming when placed in vessels containing H2S/O2 interfaces. Measurements of swimming velocities with video microscopic recordings under such conditions showed mean cell speeds as high as 615 microns s-1, unprecedented in bacteria.
Method for Rapid Detection of Group B Streptococci by Coagglutination

A quick and reliable technique for the identification of group B streptococci has been developed. The method requires no elaborate equipment or expensive reagents and can be used to detect the group B organisms in mixed broth cultures or to identify suspect colonies selected from agar plates. The method is a coagglutination technique in which 1 drop of specifically sensitized protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus is mixed with 1 drop of supernatant of an actively growing culture. The soluble group-specific carbohydrate substance of the group B streptococci reacts with the staph particles to produce agglutination that is macroscopically readable. One colony of group B streptococci taken from an agar plate and inoculated into Todd-Hewitt broth will give a positive reaction within 6 h of incubation; with a larger inoculum, the positive reaction occurs within a shorter period. The method was applied for detection of group B streptococci in mixed broth cultures. In laboratory studies involving random mixtures of organisms, 59.3% of positive cultures were detected within the first 8 h of incubation, and 71.7% were found within 24 h. In clinical studies with mixed broth cultures grown directly from vaginal swabs, 78.6% of the positive cultures were detected within the first 8 h of incubation, and 92.9% were found within 24 h.
Historical accounts of the transformation of a prairie town

Prior to European settlement, the area that would later become Norman, Oklahoma was dominated by prairie vegetation. Woody vegetation was limited to riparian zones and isolated groves presumably protected from the effects of fire. The contemporary landscape of Norman, stands in stark contrast to this “treeless” prairie, and is now characterized by a so-called urban forest. In this paper, we analyze a number of archival sources, ranging from early expedition and traveler accounts to post-settlement photography in order to qualitatively assess the nature of the landscape in and around the present-day city of Norman prior to and immediately following European settlement. We also utilize repeat photography to document the floristic and vegetation changes that have occurred. We found that the pre-European settlement landscape was characterized by rolling prairies heavily influenced by the grazing of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), bison (Bison bison), and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana). Forbs were limited and herbaceous vegetation was dominated primarily by closely grazed grasses. Woody vegetation was limited primarily to watercourses and ravines, though numerous accounts cite thickets of oaks (Quercus spp.) occurring in the adjacent cross timbers. Today, the vegetation of Norman is characterized by the dominance of woody vegetation. Within Norman’s historical residential areas, commonly occurring species include hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), Shumard’s oak (Q. shumardii), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis).
Abstract T P60: Anticoagulation for Patients With Isolated Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery Presenting With Stroke

Introduction/Background: Current guidelines do not recommend acute anticoagulation in treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) patients, based upon concern for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and lack of evidence for efficacy in acute stroke. However, anticoagulation may be reasonable in patients with carotid dissection/occlusion and/or intraluminal/intracardiac thrombus. In particular, patients with isolated acute carotid occlusion (not reaching the ICA terminus, with patent Circle of Willis) may benefit from anticoagulation to prevent worsening ischemia from further involvement at the level of the circle of Willis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 128 consecutive patients presenting with AIS and ICA occlusion from 07/2008 to 05/2013. Patients with newly (<7 days) diagnosed ICA occlusion (without involvement of the Circle of Willis) were divided into two groups based on the initial treatment within 24 hours of presentation: therapeutic anticoagulation (n=12), and medical management (n=19). Patients receiving iv-tPA or endovascular intervention were excluded. Recurrent stroke or death within 7 days and 3 months were recorded. Results: At three months, of the 12 patients who were anti-coagulated, 1 experienced a recurrent stroke (6th day) and 1 died. Of the 19 patients who were not anti-coagulated 6 developed recurrent strokes (median 3 days after initial stroke) and 2 died. Hemorrhagic transformation was not seen in either group. In the anticoagulation group, there was a trend towards decreased incidence of early stroke recurrence (< 7 days; 8.3% versus 31.6%, p=0.20), and fewer strokes or deaths within three months (16.7% vs. 42.1%, p=0.24). ICA recanalization was seen in 5 (41.7%) patients who were anticoagulated and 2 (10.5%) patients who were not anti-coagulated (p = 0.07). Conclusion: In a selected population of AIS patients presenting with isolated carotid occlusion (not reaching the ICA terminus and Circle of Willis), anticoagulation appears safe, and may be correlated with fewer early recurrent strokes and increased carotid recanalization on follow up. Larger scale prospective studies for this specific patient population may be justified.
The Trial of Socrates

The trial and execution of Socrates in Athens in 399 B.C.E. puzzles historians. Why, in a society enjoying more freedom and democracy than any the world had ever seen, would a seventy-year-old philosopher be put to death for what he was teaching? The puzzle is all the greater because Socrates had taught - without molestation - all of his adult life. What could Socrates have said or done than prompted a jury of 500 Athenians to send him to his death just a few years before he would have died naturally? Finding an answer to the mystery of the trial of Socrates is complicated by the fact that the two surviving accounts of the defense (or apology) of Socrates both come from disciples of his, Plato and Xenophon. Historians suspect that Plato and Xenophon, intent on showing their master in a favorable light, failed to present in their accounts the most damning evidence against Socrates. What appears almost certain is that the decisions to prosecute and ultimately convict Socrates had a lot to do with the turbulent history of Athens in the several years preceding his trial. An examination of that history may not provide final answers, but it does provide important clues.
Medico-legal aspects of delay in breast cancer diagnosis: the legal perspective

In English law, there is no strict liability in relation to the failure of a doctor to diagnose breast cancer, but, in order for a Claimant to succeed, it is necessary for her to prove negligence. The courts apply what is known as the 'Bolam' test in deciding whether a doctor has been negligent, as modified in Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority. Example: Adekanmbi (deceased) v Allinson (2004). Where there has been a delay in diagnosis of breast cancer, the challenge is often in relation to causation, showing what the outcome would have been if the diagnosis had been made when it ought to have been. English law does not recognise loss of a chance in personal injury actions and causation is decided on the balance of probabilities (Gregg v Scott). Where a woman dies of breast cancer after a negligent delay in diagnosis, the question is whether she would have survived had the diagnosis been made. This may depend on the appropriate staging of the carcinoma at the relevant time, again decided on the balance of probabilities. Alternatively, the claim may be that earlier diagnosis would have avoided chemotherapy, or the cosmetic outcome would have been better. Example: K v Dr B (2005).
Reconfiguration Strategies, Entrepreneurial Entry and Incubation of Nascent Industries: Three Essays - Dissertation Summary

This dissertation examines firms’ entrepreneurial investments in anticipation of entry into a nascent industry. In the first essay, I study the intertwined processes of firm-level economic value capture and industry-level ecosystem formation that underpin incubation of nascent industries. The second essay focuses on the capability antecedents of a firm entry into a nascent industry and makes a distinction between a firm’s pre-entry and pre-investment capabilities. In the third essay, I discuss the nature of the capability reconfiguration efforts that are undertaken by firms in anticipation of entry into nascent industries and their differential nature given firms’ historical antecedents.
Importance of the isovalerate carboxylation pathway of leucine biosynthesis in the rumen.

Certain anaerobic ruminal bacteria synthesize the leucine carbon skeleton by use of a pathway different from that described in other microorganisms. These organisms carboxylate the intact carbon skeleton of isovalerate, synthesizing leucine-2-C14 from isovalerate-1-C14. Strains of Bacteroides ruminicola and Peptostreptococcus elsdenii were like Ruminococcus flavefaciens in that they incorporated appreciable amounts of C14 from isovalerate-1-C14 into cellular protein and in that the only labeled amino acid found was leucine. The specific activity of β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase in extracts from R. flavefaciens and from the mixed bacterial population from the rumen was very low as compared with the specific activity of this enzyme in extracts from Escherichia coli. This suggests that the pathway of leucine biosynthesis that operates in many aerobic and facultative microorganisms is not the major pathway in rumen bacteria. This was supported by the finding that after fermentation of whole rumen contents with acetate-2-C14, leucine from the bacterial cells had a specific activity lower than one would expect if acetate was incorporated directly into carbons 1 and 2 of leucine.
First Demonstration of AC Gain From a Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Common-Source Amplifier

First demonstration of AC gain from a single-walled carbon nanotube transistor is presented. A top-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET) is configured as a common-source amplifier and frequency response function of the amplifier is measured. Evidence of unambiguous signal amplification is observed in time domain as well as frequency domain up to a unity gain frequency of approximately 560 kHz. The observed roll-off in frequency is solely due to the RC time constant of the measurement apparatus. A specifically designed circuit compatible SPICE model for the CNFET is used to model both DC and AC characteristic with the same set of physical parameters for the first time. Good agreement between measurement and simulation is obtained. For a device without the parasitic load capacitance, the predicted intrinsic unity voltage gain frequency is 29 GHz and the cut-off frequency is ~ 50 GHz.
Second-harmonic reflection from silicon surfaces and its relation to structural symmetry

Second-harmonic reflection from Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces exhibits a strong dependence on the angle of rotation of the sample about its surface normal. This behavior can be related directly to the structural symmetry of the crystal and of the surface. Analysis of the results shows that the surface and bulk contributions to the observed second-harmonic signals from Si are generally of the same order of magnitude.
Comments on the linear relation between reaction rate and affinity

In the case of catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexane, the linear relation between reaction rate and affinity holds at an appreciable distance away from equilibrium on both sides. In fact, in order to explain this observation, it is necessary to invoke a high value of three for the stoichiometric number of the rate determining step. This in turn can be explained by a reasonable mechanism for the reaction.
Reductive Dissolution and Biomineralization of Iron Hydroxide Under Dynamic Flow Conditions

Iron cycling and the associated changes in solid phase have dramatic implications for trace element mobility and bioavailability. Here we explore the formation of secondary iron phases during microbially mediated reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite-coated sand under dynamic flow conditions. An initial period (10 d) of rapid reduction, indicated by consumption of lactate and production of acetate and Fe(II) to the pore water in association with a darkening of the column material, is followed by much lower rate of reduction to the termination of the experiment after 48 d. Although some Fe (<25%) is lost to the effluent pore water, the majority remains within the column as ferrihydrite (20−70%) and the secondary mineral phases magnetite (0−70%) and goethite (0−25%). Ferrihydrite converts to goethite in the influent end of the column where dissolved Fe(II) concentrations are low and converts to magnetite toward the effluent end where Fe(II) concentrations are elevated. A decline in the rate of Fe(II) produc...
A cultural delusion of alcoholics.

Individual questioning of 30 hospitalized alcoholics showed that those among them who believed that the first drink necessarily leads to drunkenness were significantly less able to drink in a socially acceptable manner than those who did not know of or believe in that dictum. The implications of this difference are discussed.
Increase of the paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic transition temperature of Cr2O3 by a magnetic field☆

Abstract The ordering temperature of antiferromagnetic Cr 2 O 3 increases with magnetic field H , for H perpendicular to the easy axus c . This result disagree with mean-field theory, but is consistent with recent predictions. Results for H ∥ c (including the region near the bicritical point) are also presented.
Unraveling intestinal stem cell behavior with models of crypt dynamics

The definition, regulation and function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) has been hotly debated. Recent discoveries have started to clarify the nature of ISCs, but many questions remain. This review discusses the current advances and controversies of ISC biology as well as theoretical compartmental models that have been coupled with in vivo experimentation to investigate the mechanisms of ISC dynamics during homeostasis, tumorigenesis, repair and development. We conclude our review by discussing the key lingering questions in the field and proposing how many of these questions can be addressed using both compartmental models and experimental techniques.
Do depth shifts resulting from an interocular delay in stimulation result from a breakdown of binocular fusion

Previous studies have shown that the introduction of an interocular delay in presentation to the two eyes of a briefly viewed, haploscopically presented object resulted in a rearward shift in the depth position of this object. The present study investigated the magnitude of this depth shift as a function of flash duration and determined the relationship of this magnitude to two-flash and simultaneity thresholds. It was found that depth shift magnitude decreased as flash duration increased, and that large depth shifts were associated with large two-flash thresholds. The hypothesis that depth shifts can occur within the temporal limits of binocular fusion was supported.
Signet‐ring clear‐cell basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma displays a myriad of histopathologic variants, some of which are related to the different lines of differentiation, vis-a-vis, squamous, pilar, eccrine, or sebaceous. We herein report an example of a rare signet-ring, clear-cell variant. Our diagnosis is primarily based on the histopathologic features of the tumor, namely, the dermal nests of tumor cells with peripheral palisading and focally retracted fibroblastic stroma. Several nests are folliculocentric. The tumor cells are glycogen-rich, mucin-negative, pankeratin-positive, cytokeratin-negative, S100 protein-negative, and carcinoembryonic antigen-negative. Based on the histopathology and the results of the special stains we propose that the signet-ring clear-cell variant of basal cell carcinoma is differentiating in the direction of the outer root sheath cells of the pilar structure.
Building a base

AGU has benefited the academic geophysical community since its inception. It has become a major medium of scientific communication through its excellent journals and meetings. It represents us at international meetings and has assisted those who have traveled to such meetings. Also, in these times when academic science, particularly basic science, is under some pressure, AGU can serve an important role in presenting the case for basic research in public forums. For all these reasons AGU deserves the support of the academic community, but why should we contribute to AGU-GIFT? Do we not already pay dues?
Metis, craft, civic mindedness: essential attributes of democratic citizenship in communities

The promise of democracy rests on the practice of active citizenship. Historically, local government has been a key incubator of civic leadership. In recent decades, however, community fortunes have grown increasingly dependent on economic and policy decisions made elsewhere. Has the concentration of power in corporations and the state undermined the practice of local citizenship? Using data from two decades of field research in California communities, I argue that citizenship is alive if not entirely well in California communities, often taking unconventional or less heralded forms. The paper draws on democratic theory to articulate three essential attributes of democratic citizenship: metis (prudent knowledge), craft (skilled practice), and civic mindedness (sociable sensibility). It then provides examples of these attributes as they shape citizenship practices within welfare-to-work and local food systems networks. Finally, it suggests lessons for community developers interested in deepening the practi...
Structure and function of bacteriophage T4

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage T4 is the most well-studied member of Myoviridae, the most complex family of tailed phages. T4 assembly is divided into three independent pathways: the head, the tail and the long tail fibers. The prolate head encapsidates a 172 kbp concatemeric dsDNA genome. The 925 A-long tail is surrounded by the contractile sheath and ends with a hexagonal baseplate. Six long tail fibers are attached to the baseplate's periphery and are the host cell's recognition sensors. The sheath and the baseplate undergo large conformational changes during infection. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have provided structural information on protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions that regulate conformational changes during assembly and infection of Escherichia coli cells.
Descriptive Classification of Cross-Stratification

A descriptive classification of cross-stratification, developed from the classifications of McKee and Weir (1953) and Allen (1963a), is proposed to include six categories of descriptive terms that refer to sets and four that refer to cross-strata contained within the sets. The terms describe the magnitude, grouping, shape of the lower bounding surface, relations between planar bounding surfaces, relation between lower bounding surface and surrounding strata, and sharpness of lower bounding surface of sets, as well as the dip, shape, relation with lower bounding surface of the set, and homogeneity of grain size of cross-strata.
Active server pages for dynamic database Web access

Library users expect to find an increasing array of information resources on the Web, and libraries have been using that medium. However, much of what they supply on the Web is static data such as bibliographies, pathfinders, instructions, and schedules. Providing dynamic data on the Web, especially from a relational database, can be a daunting task because HTML is a markup language that has little processing power. This paper will discuss the steps necessary to provide dynamic Web access to local databases using active server pages (ASP) technology. ASP is easier to use than other methods because it imbeds scripting statements directly into the Web page, rather than relying on separate, complicated programs. Software necessary to make it work resides on the server, and the end‐user does not have to worry about it. Several working examples will illustrate techniques for searching and displaying data from a Microsoft Access database using ASP.
Locked-Rotor Temperature Test Repeatability-Small Impedance-Protected Motor

Locked-rotor motor-temperature tests can be highly repeatable when the test conditions consist of ambient temperature, proximity draft, mounting geometry etc., and are held identical. Since any change of these conditions will affect the motor temperature, the latter can be meaningful only when the former are precisely defined. In judging motor temperature with reference to a temperature limit specified under a different set of conditions, allowance is to be made to account for the difference of conditions.
Organ transplantation in Egypt.

Concern has increasingly been expressed about the growing number of reports of medical personnel participating in the transplantation of human organs or tissues taken from the bodies of executed prisoners, handicapped patients, or poor persons who have agreed to part with their organs for commercial purposes. Such behavior has been universally considered as ethically and morally reprehensible, yet in some parts of the world the practice continues to flourish. The concept of justice demands that every person have an equal right to life, and to protect this right, society has an obligation to ensure that every person has equal access to medical care. Regrettably, the Egyptian system does not legally recognize brain death and continues to allow the buying and selling of organs. For more than 30 years in Egypt, the ability to pay has determined who receives an organ and economic need has determined who will be the donor. As transplant professionals, it is important that we advocate on behalf of all patients, ...
A Milkless, Greenless, Gritless, All-Mash Ration for Growing Chicks

Abstract Many rations have been devised for growing chicks. Some of them have been successful. It appears that the chief ambition of most designers of chick rations has been to set up some complex system which requires the skill of an expert accountant if all details are to be properly administered. The ration which we are proposing is one which we have demonstrated as supplying in adequate amounts the necessary nutritional factors for obtaining what is usually considered satisfactory growth during the entire period preceding egg pro-production. This ration is made up of six commonly available ingredients which are relatively inexpensive sources of the substances they supply. The method of feeding requires no time table and there is no guess-work as to how much should be fed at a given time to chicks of a given age. Furthermore, this ration is self-contained, except for direct sunlight and drinking water, and is . . .
Gaze bias: Selective encoding and liking effects

People look longer at things that they choose than things they do not choose. How much of this tendency—the gaze bias effect—is due to a liking effect compared to the information encoding aspect of the decision-making process? Do these processes compete under certain conditions? We monitored eye movements during a visual decision-making task with four decision prompts: Like, dislike, older, and newer. The gaze bias effect was present during the first dwell in all conditions except the dislike condition, when the preference to look at the liked item and the goal to identify the disliked item compete. Colour content (whether a photograph was colour or black-and-white), not decision type, influenced the gaze bias effect in the older/newer decisions because colour is a relevant feature for such decisions. These interactions appear early in the eye movement record, indicating that gaze bias is influenced during information encoding.
Practical performance prediction under Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling

Predicting performance under Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) remains an open problem. Current best practice explores available performance counters to serve as input to linear regression models that predict performance. However, the inaccuracies of these models require that large-scale DVFS runtime algorithms predict performance conservatively in order to avoid significant consequences of mispredictions. Recent theoretical work based on interval analysis advocates a more accurate and reliable solution based on a single new performance counter, Leading Loads. In this paper, we evaluate a processor-independent analytic framework for existing performance counters based on this interval analysis model. We begin with an analysis of the counters used in many published models. We then briefly describe the Leading Loads architectural model and describe how we can use Leading Loads Cycles to predict performance under DVFS. We validate this approach for the NAS Parallel Benchmarks and SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks, demonstrating an order of magnitude improvement in both error and standard deviation compared to the best existing approaches.
Broadening of looplike solar coronal transients

The broadening of the tops of nine outwardly expanding looplike coronal mass-ejection transients observed during 1973-1974 and 1980 has been examined. Five of the nine transients exhibit increased breadth with time (height); although the rates vary widely, no event shows an increase which can be fitted by a power-law form with a greater-than-linear increase with height. The breadth of four events decreases with height. When all nine events are considered together, the transient breadth with height is fitted with an expression h varies as R exp 0.48 with large scatter. In addition, measurements of the total observed loop length of the nine transients show that this length L varies as R exp 1.30. Both of these results are contrary to the predictions of one model of loop expulsion as a result of an assumed azimuthal magnetic field gradient. Finally, when combined with the facts that looplike mass ejections are usually associated with the occurrence of eruptive prominences, and that such mass ejections are generally accelerated through the corona, it is found that the observed variation of transient breadth with height contradicts some characteristics of self-similar fluid flow which have been ascribed to mass-ejection transients.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) causes endothelium-dependent cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and vasorelaxant responses in rat abdominal aorta.

Abstract Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide found in nerves surrounding most blood vessels, is a potent hypotensive agent in both humans and rats. In isolated strips of rat thoracic aorta, CGRP has been reported to cause endothelium-dependent relaxation. To study the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in CGRP-induced vasodilation, we investigated the roles of two second messengers, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, as potential mediators of the signal transduction mechanism leading to vasodilation in response to CGRP in rat aorta. In the present study, the abdominal aorta, rather than thoracic aorta, was used because of its higher content of endogenous CGRP and, therefore, the greater likelihood of regulation by CGRP in vivo. Each abdominal aortic ring was pre-contracted with norepinephrine (NE) at its EC50 concentration (10–20 nM). CGRP (3–300 nM) caused concentration-dependent relaxations (reducing the NE-induced contractions by 34%) that were completely dependent on endothelium. The relaxations in response to CGRP were correlated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with increases in aortic levels of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. CGRP (100 nM) caused significant elevations of cyclic AMP levels (1.4 to 3.2 pmol/mg protein, at 1 min) and cyclic GMP levels (1.6 to 3.6 pmol/mg protein, at 30 s). Like the vasorelaxant responses, both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP responses to CGRP were totally dependent on the endothelium. Pre-incubation with indomethacin (3 μM, 15 min) did not alter cyclic AMP responses to CGRP (100 nM), suggesting that prostaglandins are not involved. Therefore, CGRP-induced vasodilations of abdominal aorta involve an endothelium-dependent mechanism associated with cyclic GMP elevations, similar to the mechanisms of vasodiltion in response to acetylcholine and other endothelium-dependent vasodilators. However, CGRP-induced relaxations of aorta involve an additional mechanism (i.e., endothelium-dependent cyclic AMP elevations), which may also contribute to the intracellular mechanism of aortic vasodilation in response to CGRP.
Simple parameterization of nuclear deformation parameters

Abstract Analytical expressions are given for the deformation parameters β 2 , β 4 and β 6 and compared to the data for 140 A
Bistability and intensity fluctuations in Zeeman lasers and amplifiers

Abstract It is shown that the fluctuation properties of certain Zeeman lasers and amplifiers are exhibit a sudden change when the coupling constant ξ is varied near ξ = 1. The possibility of a phase transition at ξ = 1 is discussed and fluctua properties both above and below this point are investigated using some previously derived equations for two-mode lasers.
The End of the Democratic Era? 1994 and the Future of Congressional Election Research:

Using data from the 1994 and earlier National Election Studies, this essay examines the causes and consequences of the Republican takeover of the House of Representatives and its implications for r...
Temperature profiles of inhibited flames using raman spectroscopy

Laser Raman scattering from vibrational and rotational states of N2 and H2 has been used to determine temperature profiles for several H2/O2/N2 flames with and without HBr present. The inhibiting effect of HBr is clearly demonstrated and the derived properties of burning velocity and inhibition index are in good agreement with previous experimental measurements and theoretical calculations.
Vertical distributions and relations of euphausiid populations off Elephant Island, March 1984

Distributional relationships are described for post-larval and larval Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa sp. (probably macrura) and post-larval Euphausia frigida collected in 0–70/80 m and 0–175/200 m depth ranges with a MOCNESS sampler north of Elephant Island (61°S, 55°W) during 17–23 March 1984. Larval E. superba (predominantly calyptopes stage 2 and 3) were rare shallower than 80 m at night. Day catches of post-larval E. suberba were small and night catches were primarily near the top of the thermocline above 50 m depth. Thysanoessa sp. occurred throughout the 0–200 m depth range and was abundant in the upper 80 m both night and day. E. frigida migrated to the upper 80 m at night from deeper day depths. Larval stages of E. superba and bost-larval stages of all three species demonstrated independent and variable vertical distribution patterns both night and day. Changes in E. superba abundance and distributional patterns could to a certain extent be associated with observed environmental changes. An increase in larval and decrease in post-larval E. superba abundances between 0–80 m was associated with an intrusion of cold water at depth. At night, vertically restricted concentrations of post-larval E. superba were associated with shallow mixed layer depths, and a significant vertical separation of developmental stages and size categories was observed only during periods of stratification in the upper 80 m. Fluctuations in the distribution and abundance of Thysanoessa sp. and distribution of E. frigida did not appear to be influenced by physical parameters within the upper 80 m. Within the 0–80 m depth range, the distributions of these two species differed from each other and from E. superba and showed large tow to tow variability that could not be related to physical parameters in the upper water column.
Shallow crustal fault rocks from the Black Mountain detachments, Death Valley, CA

The Black Mountain detachments denuded crystalline footwalls and extended sedimentary hanging walls from late Pliocene to Recent time. Fault rocks include gouges that crosscut breccias, and are in turn cut by compositionally and texturally distinct shear bands. Breccias have cataclastic textures, noteworthy for abundant transgranular fracture and power-law particle size distributions (D) of 2.77e2.79. Gouges have granular textures, noteworthy for grains with abraded boundaries surrounded by a clay-rich matrix and D ¼ 2.86e3.31. Matrix minerals include phyllosilicates, clay minerals, and oxide aggregates that serve as crude strain indicators. Geochemical data indicate that there was abundant water within the fault zone, but that the water was not plumbed from deeper crustal sources. There are systematic geochemical variations between fault-rock samples, but the inferred mass changes were minor, <10e30%. It is proposed that the fault rocks developed during exhumation since the late Pliocene from � 3 km to near-surface conditions. Exhumation coincided with the development of granular textures and strain localization. The protracted history of the fault rocks involved multiple deformation mechanisms and authigenic mineral assemblages that hypothetically influenced the frictional properties of the detachment shear zones. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gender and Holland Type as Moderators of the Validity and Interpretive Utility of the Skills Confidence Inventory

Abstract Using a large national sample of employed adults, this study found minimal gender differences in self-efficacy for the Holland themes among women and men within 21 occupations, and within six Holland job families. For both women and men, evidence for the validity of the Skills Confidence Inventory, the measure of self-efficacy, indicated considerable predictive utility of the six General Confidence Themes for membership in one of the six Holland job families. However, some job family and gender differences in the relation of self-efficacy levels to probability of group membership were also observed.
Anesthetic potency is not altered after hypothermic spinal cord transection in rats.

BackgroundIn essence, the clinical goal of general anesthesia is to produce a state of unresponsiveness and amnesia. These endpoints are commonly achieved with drugs like isoflurane, but the sites and mechanisms by which these specific endpoints are achieved remain unknown. Blocking the somatic moto
Gambling and Substance Use Disorders: Current Status and Future Directions

This paper briefly reviews the clinical presentation of pathological gambling and presents data related to the co-occurrence of pathological gambling and substance use disorders. Both epidemiological and treatment data are reviewed. The putative physiological substrates underlying pathological gambling are described, along with the limited genetics data. Types of treatments applied to gamblers are described, including data on efficacy and overlap of issues that relate to both gambling and substance use disorders. Finally, areas for future research are suggested to advance our understanding of pathological gambling and its relationship to substance use disorders.
Forced convection and nucleate boiling on a small flat heater in a rectangular duct: Experiments with two working fluids, a 50-50 ethylene glycol-water mixture, and water

AbstractThe heat transfer characteristics for two working fluids, a 50–50 ethylene glycol—water mixture and water, on a small flat heater in a rectangular flow channel were examined for operating conditions in typical internal combustion engines. A particular effort was made to present robust heat transfer data without the constraints of the cross-section of the channel in the regions of forced convection and nucleate boiling, including the onsets of nucleate boiling. The effects of velocity, pressure, and subcooling were discussed using both boiling curves and visual observations.
Satellites miss environmental priorities.

Sixteen years ago, Pimm [1] caricatured most ecological studies as covering a few hectares, spanning a few years and involving a handful of species. Although satellite imagery for visualizing and monitoring terrestrial ecosystems began earlier, only the past decade has provided inexpensive, global remote sensing – and desktop computer software for its analysis [2]. Comparisons of ecological patterns and changes over decades on huge spatial scales are now routine. Everyone can visualize current study sites (and select future ones) on GoogleEarth (http://earth.google.com/), increasingly with a spatial resolution that shows individual tree canopies.
Extremal Problems in the Fock Space

This paper is devoted to examining some extremal problems in the Fock space. We discuss the order and type of Fock space functions and pose an extremal problem for a zero-based subspace corresponding to a finite zero set. We examine the zeros of the extremal function and solve an extremal problem for non-vanishing functions.
The safety of acrylic bone cement.

Summary A study is made of 806 cases of femoral neck fracture and osteoarthritis in which Thompson prosthesis or McKee-Farrer artificial hip joints were implanted. The mortality and morbidity were analysed, with special attention to the effects of using acrylic cement.
Language and counting: Some recent results

It has long been recognised that the language of mathematics is an important variable in the learning of mathematics, and there has been useful work in isolating and describing the linkage. Steffe and his co-workers at Georgia, for example, (Steffe, von Glasersfeld, Richardson and Cobb, 1983) have suggested that young children may construct verbal countable items to count objects which are hidden from their view. Although there has been a surge of research interest in counting and early childhood mathematics, and in cultural differences in mathematics attainment, there has been little work reported on the linkage between culture as exemplified by language, and initial concepts of numeration. This paper reports on some recent clinical research with kindergarten children of European and Asian background in Australia and America. The research examines the influence that number naming grammar appears to have on young children’s understandings of two-digit numbers and place value. It appears that Transparent Standard Number Word Sequences such as Japanese, Chinese and Vietnamese which follow the numerical representation pattern by naming tens and units in order (“two tens three”), may be associated with distinctive place value concepts which may support sophisticated mental algorithms.
Redox Transformations and Transport of Cesium and Iodine (-1, 0, +5) in Oxidizing and Reducing Zones of a Sand and Gravel Aquifer

Tracer tests were performed in distinct biogeochemical zones of a sand and gravel aquifer in Cape Cod, MA, to study the redox chemistry (I) and transport (Cs, I) of cesium and iodine in a field setting. Injection of iodide (I−) into an oxic zone of the aquifer resulted in oxidation of I− to molecular iodine (I2) and iodate (IO3−) over transport distances of several meters. Oxidation is attributed to Mn-oxides present in the sediment. Transport of injected IO3− and Cs+ was retarded in the mildly acidic oxic zone, with retardation factors of 1.6−1.8 for IO3− and 2.3−4.4 for Cs. Cs retardation was likely due to cation exchange reactions. Injection of IO3− into a Fe-reducing zone of the aquifer resulted in rapid and complete reduction to I− within 3 m of transport. The nonconservative behavior of Cs and I observed during the tracer tests underscores the necessity of taking the redox chemistry of I as well as sorption properties of I species and Cs into account when predicting transport of radionuclides (e.g.,...
Photoluminescence, FTIR, and laser-Raman spectroscopic studies of PMN-PT containing iron

Lead magnesium niobate - lead titanate, Pb(Mg, Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 is a piezoelectric, ferroelectric crystal at room temperature with large electromechanical coefficient. The crystals were grown by PbO-B 2 O 3 flux method. Typically the crystals were colorless and transparent, but a small fraction of them were Brown/reddish colored and show interesting photoluminescence (PL) properties. The PL studies were conducted under XeCl (308nm) excitation and under Argon Ion (Ar + ) laser excitation. The excitation with 308nm gave broad PL centered at 500nm and intense emission at 710nm. The emission at 710nm in colorless crystals is very weak. The excitation with Ar + laser coinciding with electronic absorption in brown samples gave rich and sharp PL particularly with 514.5 nm excitation. The PL with 514.5nm -Ar + laser excitation, consisted of intense anti stokes emission in addition to intense red and near infrared emission, is a result of photo-transfer optically stimulated luminescence (PT-OSL). This involved electron-hole recombination at photoinduced magnetic polaron site. The PL emissions and the centers identified are the followings: 718nm emission due to magnetic polaron and 360nm emission due to cooperative emission from two polarons, Fe-R line at 660nm due to Fe 3+ coupled to a cation; 380nm and 399nm due to Pb 2+ clusters and Nb 5+ center; 630 and 860 nm due to 6p→6s transition of Pb 3- and 760nm due to isolated Fe 3+ ions. Raman spectrum of brown samples revealed the presence of nano particles/wires of orthorhombic β PbO. The FTIR spectrum gives evidence of significant amount of hydroxyl impurity.
Thermodynamic Properties of Solid Ar, Kr, and Xe Based Upon a Short-Range Central Force and the Conventional Perturbation Expansion of the Partition Function

Thermodynamic properties of the rare-gas solids Ar, Kr, and Xe are calculated using phenomenological two-body central potentials. The cubic and quartic anharmonic terms in the crystal Hamiltonian have been included, using conventional perturbation theory. Although some definite discrepancies with experiment exist for $Tl\frac{1}{3}{T}_{\mathrm{melting}}$ these simple models give a fair over-all account of both the volume and temperature dependence of the Helmholtz energy. However, for $Tg\frac{1}{3}{T}_{\mathrm{melting}}$ (rms deviations greater than \ensuremath{\sim}6% of the nearest-neighbor distance), anharmonic contributions to the thermodynamic properties become unrealistically large, indicating, we believe, the breakdown of perturbation theory to the order considered in this work.