cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4557: Expression of p16 in colon cancer and cyclin D1 in gastric cancer predicts response to CDK4/6 inhibitionin vitro

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a significant role in regulating cell cycle progression through association with cyclins. CDK4 and CDK6 interact with cyclin D1 to mediate hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) during early G1 phase. Palbociclib is a highly selective inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6 which functions by blocking pRb phosphorylation resulting in G 1 arrest in sensitive cell lines. We evaluated the effect of palbociclib in gastric and colon cancer cell lines to explore potential biomarkers of response and to guide patient selection in colon and gastric cancer. Methods: Panels of 17 gastric and 27 colon cancer cell lines were exposed in vitro to palbociclib over various concentrations to generate dose response curves. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify differentially expressed genes between sensitive and resistant cell lines. Genes identified by ANOVA and effects of palbociclib on pRB were analyzed via western blot. Results: Palbociclib was found to have potent anti-proliferative activity in the low nanomolar range ( Conclusions: Palbociclib demonstrates anti-proliferative activity in several gastric and colon cancer cell lines. Molecular markers found to predict for sensitivity to this agent enhance patient selection for future clinical studies of palbociclib. Citation Format: Zev A. Wainberg, Ann Yufa, Adrian Anghel, Amy M. Rogers, Tin Manivong, Shahriar Adhami, Habib Hamidi, Dylan Conklin, Richard S. Finn, Dennis J. Slamon. Expression of p16 in colon cancer and cyclin D1 in gastric cancer predicts response to CDK4/6 inhibition in vitro . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4557. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4557
Sorting the wheat from the chaff in visual perception.

De Weerd and colleagues provide direct evidence that some parts of extrastriate visual cortex may be required for attentional stimulus selection.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING THE GROWTH OF FUNGI I.: Nitrogen Compounds and Carbohydrate Changes in Penicillium Atrovenetum

Gottlieb, David (University of Illinois, Urbana), and James L. Van Etten. Biochemical changes during the growth of fungi. I. Nitrogen compounds and carbohydrate changes in Penicillium atrovenetum. J. Bacteriol. 88:114–121. 1964.—Changes in the biochemical constituents of cells were studied during the growth and development of Penicillium atrovenetum. Growth of the fungus, as measured by the dry weight, could be divided into four phases: lag, log, stationary, and death. The percentages of total nitrogen, cold trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein increased to a maximum during the lag phase, and subsequently decreased as the fungus aged. The percentage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was always slightly higher in the spores than in the mycelium. The DNA in the mycelium decreased in the lag phase, and then increased slightly to a plateau for the duration of the log phase, followed by a decrease to a constant percentage during the stationary and death phases. Carbohydrates were present in higher concentration in the mycelium than in the spores. The percentage of carbohydrates in the mycelium increased continually until it reached a maximum late in the log phase, and then decreased as the fungus entered the death phase. The results reported for this fungus are, in general, in agreement with those reported for other microorganisms. Namely, the percentages of enzyme-forming compounds, such as amino acids, nucleotides, RNA, and protein, were highest in the lag phase, whereas storage compounds such as carbohydrates increased to a maximum near the end of the log phase. The definition of log phase in fungi depends on the criteria that are used. If, instead of using the linear increase in dry weight to delimit this growth period, one uses the end of net protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis, a more realistic concept of growth emerges.
Software project management: the manager's view

As businesses become more dependent on information technology for their operations, IS managers are under increasing pressure to deliver quality applications software on time and within budget. Thus, in addition to their technical skills, they must master the necessary management skills to lead and control software development projects. The purpose of this tutorial is to present the fundamental concepts of modern project management and show how these concepts can be applied to software development projects. The tutorial presents a broad overview of current software project management practices that evolved over the years from a variety of complex projects. The subject is presented from the manager's rather than from the developer's perspective. The focus is on large and complex projects because these projects are the most challenging and in need of an effective project management discipline.
On Elementary and Algebraic Cellular Automata

In this paper we study elementary cellular automata from an algebraic viewpoint. The goal is to relate the emergent complex behavior observed in such systems with the properties of corresponding algebraic structures. We introduce algebraic cellular automata as a natural generalization of elementary ones and discuss their applications as generic models of complex systems.
Energy Models for One-Carrier Transport in Semiconductor Devices

Moment models of carrier transport, derived from the Boltzmann equation, have made possible the simulation of certain key effects through such realistic assumptions as energy dependent mobility functions. This type of global dependence permits the observation of velocity overshoot in the vicinity of device junctions, not discerned via classical drift-diffusion models, which are primarily local in nature. It has been found that a critical role is played in the hydrodynamic model by the heat conduction term. When ignored, the overshoot is inappropriately damped. When the standard choice of the Wiedemann-Franz law is made for the conductivity, spurious overshoot is observed. Agreement with Monte-Carlo simulation in this regime has required empirical modification of this law, as observed by IBM researchers, or nonstandard choices. In this paper, simulations of the hydrodynamic model in one and two dimensions, as well as simulations of a newly developed energy model, the RT model, will be presented. The RT model, intermediate between the hydrodynamic and drift-diffusion model, was developed at the University of Illinois to eliminate the parabolic energy band and Maxwellian distribution assumptions, and to reduce the spurious overshoot with physically consistent assumptions. The algorithms employed for both models are the essentially non-oscillatory shock capturing algorithms, developed at UCLA during the last decade. Some mathematical results will be presented, and contrasted with the highly developed state of the drift-diffusion model.
New Insights into the Mechanism of Fertilization in Nematodes

Fertilization results from the fusion of male and female gametes in all sexually reproducing organisms. Much of nematode fertility work was focused on Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum. The C. elegans hermaphrodite produces a limited number of sperm initially and then commits to the exclusive production of oocytes. The postmeiotic differentiation called spermiogenesis converts sessile spermatids into motile spermatozoa. The motility of spermatozoa depends on dynamic assembly and disassembly of a major sperm protein-based cytoskeleton uniquely found in nematodes. Both self-derived and male-derived spermatozoa are stored in spermatheca, the site of fertilization in hermaphrodites. The oocyte is arrested in meiotic prophase I until a sperm-derived signal relieves the inhibition allowing the meiotic maturation to occur. Oocyte undergoes meiotic maturation, enters into spermatheca, gets fertilized, completes meiosis, and exits into uterus as a zygote. This review focuses on our current understanding of the events around fertilization in nematodes.
The Diagnostic Performance of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging for Detection of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Measuring Up to 2 cm: A Meta-Analysis.

Results of our meta-analysis suggest that dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging has excellent specificity and moderate, although highly variable, sensitivity in the detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma that measures up to 2 cm.
Acute gastric remnant dilation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation in long-standing type I diabetic patient: Case report and literature review.

Acute gastric remnant dilation is a rare postoperative complication of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) occurring in 0 – 0.8% of cases [1–7]. It is usually associated with jejunojejunostomy obstruction or gastric remnant ulcer formation. The typical presenting symptoms include left upper quadrant abdominal pain, hiccups, and persistent tachycardia. It is managed by gastrostomy tube decompression, and relief of distal obstruction. Delayed diagnosis may lead to gastric remnant perforation, organ failure, sepsis, and death. We encountered 1 case of acute gastric remnant dilation in a young patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus after an uneventful laparoscopic LRYGB. This complication was not associated with concomitant jejunojejunostomy stricture or distal bowel obstruction. The patient denied having any autonomic neuropathy or symptoms of gastroparesis preoperatively. However, she was later found to have severe hypomotility of the gastric remnant. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of isolated gastric remnant dilation after LRYGB in the English literature.
Methodology to estimate building energy consumption using EnergyPlus Benchmark Models

Abstract The evaluation of building energy consumption usually requires building energy profiles on an hourly basis. Computer simulations can be used to obtain this information but generating simulations requires a significant amount of experience, time, and effort to enter detailed building parameters. This paper presents a simple methodology to estimate hourly electrical and fuel energy consumption of a building by applying a series of predetermined coefficients to the monthly energy consumption data from electrical and fuel utility bills. The advantage of having predetermined coefficients is that it relieves the user from the burden of performing a detailed dynamic simulation of the building. The coefficients provided to the user are obtained by running EnergyPlus Benchmark Models simulations; thus, the simulation process is transparent to the user. The methodology has been applied to a hypothetical building placed both in Atlanta, GA, and in Meridian, MS, and in both cases, errors obtained for the estimated hourly energy consumption are mainly within 10%.
Body‐Image Attitudes: What Difference Does Gender Make?

Attitudinal body image is a multidimensional construct that includes body-image evaluation, cognitive-behavioral investment, and affect. This study examined the nature and extent of gender differences in body-image attitudes. College students (n = 277) completed 2 standardized measures of each of the 3 facets of body image. As hypothesized, relative to men, women had more negative body-image evaluations, greater investments in their appearance, and more frequent, cross-situational body-image dysphoria. Gender differences on body-image affect (d= .76) surpassed those on evaluation (d = .51) and investment (d= .40). Body weight and body-image evaluation/affect were linearly related for women, but curvilinearly related for men. For both genders, body-image affect was a predictable function of evaluation and investment combined. Scientific and clinical implications are discussed.
Numerical simulations of rotating cooling flows in galaxy cluster environments

We have used 2D numerical simulations to study the evolution of galaxy cluster cooling flows undergoing a rotational perturbation. We show that such rotations in the intracluster medium may arise from cluster/subcluster mergers. Our galaxy cluster initial conditions involve spherically symmetric, steady-state cooling flows with varying mass-dropout strengths. The rotational perturbation serves to break the symmetry for each of the initial cooling flows, resulting in the formation of thin, gaseous disc-like structure extending radially out to ∼10 kpc. Disc-like structure formed for low mass-dropout strength simulations appears to contain cooling condensations whereas disc-like structure in higher mass-dropout strength simulations appears smooth. This is due to the influence of mass-dropout on the degree of cooling, which serves to reduce the strength of thermal instabilities by the removal of ‘cold’ gas from the flow. Morphological comparisons of the disc-like structure formed in our simulations are made to structure observed in the X-ray emitting gas of A4059. Comparisons of the gas dynamics within the disc-like structure are also made to the solid-body rotation profile observed from emission-line gas within the central galaxy of Hydra A. The influence of grid effects on the simulations is also discussed.
Cytokines and reperfusion injury

There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory response plays an important role in the potentiation of central nervous system (CNS) ischemic injury. Much of this inflammatory response appears to be mediated by interleukins (IL), a multifunctional subclass of cytokines. The proinflammatory interleukins, including IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), and IL-6, can influence the function and synthesis of other cytokines by a complex cytokine network.1 These proinflammatory interleukins are produced by a variety of cells, including microglial cells, astrocytes, and leukocytes, and appear to directly modulate CNS cell apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation and to influence subsequent infiltration by leukocytes.1,2 Increased levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 have been observed after experimental CNS ischemia.2,3 Indirect evidence for the involvement of interleukins in ischemic injury comes from several recent clinical studies which found that CSF and plasma levels of IL-6 predict the functional recovery of the patient and also correlate with the infarct size.4,5 The strongest support for the important role played by the inflammatory response in CNS ischemia comes from studies investigating the role of leukocyte adhesion and infiltration after stroke. A large number of studies have now shown that leukocytes adhere and infiltrate early after CNS ischemia and that agents that block leukocyte adhesion produce therapeutic benefits in a variety of animal models.6-8 Recent evidence suggests that cytokines may be key components in the activation and recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 activate leukocytes and increase the expression of adhesion receptors on the leukocyte (CD-18) and on endothelial and astrocyte cells (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1).2,9 The preceding evidence suggests that the inflammatory response is an important component of CNS ischemic injury and that the interleukins appear to play a key role in the modulation of this inflammatory response. By modulating the …
Analysis of cellular heterogeneity in mouse thymus cultures.

Analysis of 5 to 6 d primary cultures of cells derived from murine thymus glands revealed a heterogeneous population of cells rather than “pure” reticuloepithelial cell cultures as was assumed previously by other investigators. The monolayer cultures consisted of at least three cell types: thymus epithelial cells, macrophagelike epithelioid cells, and fibroblasts. Surprisingly, about 50% of the cells had positive cytochemical staining reactions for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. The same cells phagocytized carbon particles, latex beads, and yeast. Furthermore, these cells could be removed from the initial cell suspension by phagocytosis of carbonyl iron, followed by magnetic separation, but once they had adhered to the substratum they were resistant to trypsin removal. All of these findings supported the conclusion that about 50% of the cells in the monolayers were macrophages. The other cells present were thymus epithelial cells and a small number of fibroblasts. Both of the latter types of cell were cytochemically negative, did not phagocytize particulate material, and were not removed by carbonyl iron treatment, but were removed by treating the monolayer with trypsin. The findings in this report indicated that epithelioid morphology alone was inadequate to identify correctly the cell types found in thymus cultures and that the use of such cultures as a model to study in vitro the maturation of certain immunological functions has been based on assumptions here shown to be incorrect.
Failure of foodborne pathogens to develop resistance to sanitizers following repeated exposure to common sanitizers

Abstract The increased focus on food safety hygiene in the home and the food industry has resulted in an increasing use of chemical sanitizers. Whether the increased use of sanitizers will result in emergence of sanitizer-resistant foodborne pathogens has been speculated. Sanitizers that may be used in the home for sanitizing of surfaces or in hand sanitizers were evaluated and included sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine digluconate, and benzalkonium chloride. The adaptation of surface-associated and planktonic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to those sanitizers was investigated. In the suspension test, all sanitizers effectively reduced microbial number >5 log units after an exposure of 5 min. In the surface test, generally
Reductive dechlorination of perchloroethylene and the role of methanogens

Abstract Perchloroethylene (PCE) was reductively dechlorinated to trichloroethylene in a 10% anaerobic sewage sludge. About 80% of the initially added PCE (300 nmol) was dechlorinated within three weeks. The calculated rates were 250 nM and 445 nM · day −1 during the first and second weeks of incubation, respectively. The depletion of PCE varied in sludges obtained from different sources. The role of methanogenesis in the dechlorination of PCE was evaluated by inhibiting the methanogens by addition of bromoethane sulfonic acid, a potent methanogenic inhibitor. Dechlorination of PCE was significantly inhibited in sludges amended with the inhibitor. Almost 41–48% less PCE was dechlorinated in sludges containing 5 mM BESA, indicating a relation between the two processes (methanogenesis and dechlorination). Direct proof that methanogens can transform chlorinated aliphatic compounds was obtained using axenic cultures of acetate-cleaving methanogens. Methanosarcina sp , originally isolated from a chlorophenol degrading consortium, showed significantly higher dechlorinating activity as compared to Ms. mazei . Based on these studies and other recently reported observations, it appears that methanogens/methanogenesis play an important role in the anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatics such as PCE.
The effect of univalent cations on the circular dichroism of pyruvate kinase

Abstract The circular dichroism spectrum of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase in the near ultraviolet was altered by temperature changes and univalent cations. A large increase in ellipticity occurred in the 260–290-nm region when the temperature was lowered from 37 to 5°. At 25° 0.1 M K+, an activating univalent cation, and 0.1 M Li+, a non-activating univalent cation, caused significant and similar increases in ellipticity in the 250–290-nm region, both in the presence and absence of MgCl2 and phosphoenolpyruvate. Tetramethylammonium ion (0.1 M), a non-activating univalent cation, caused relatively small changes in the circular dichroism spectrum compared to the changes produced by K+ or Li+. Since pyruvate kinase is inactive in the presence of Li+, no correlation could be made between activity and enzyme conformation as determined by circular dichroism measurements.
Positive Reciprocal Regulation of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 and β-Catenin/TCF Signaling

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are involved in the regulation of distinct critical cellular processes. Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH L1) has been linked to several neurological diseases as well as human cancer, but the physiological targets and the regulation of UCH L1 expression in vivo have been largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that UCH L1 up-regulates beta-catenin/TCF signaling: UCH L1 forms endogenous complexes with beta-catenin, stabilizes it and up-regulates beta-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription. We also show that, reciprocally, beta-catenin/TCF signaling up-regulates expression of endogenous UCH L1 mRNA and protein. Moreover, using ChIP assay and direct mutagenesis we identify two TCF4-binding sites on the uch l1 promoter that are involved in this regulation. Since the expression and deubiquitinating activity of UCH L1 are required for its own basic promoter activity, we propose that UCH L1 up-regulates its expression by activation of the oncogenic beta-catenin/TCF signaling in transformed cells.
Gender Segregation in Childhood: A Test of the Interaction Style Theory

The authors investigated the play/interaction-style theory of gender segregation with a sample of 39 children aged 2 to 5 years (primarily Caucasian). According to this theory, children prefer playmates with styles of play or interaction that are similar to their own. Because such styles are sex differentiated, same-sex playmate preference (i.e., gender segregation) results. The authors observed children during free play to determine preferred playmates and gender segregation level, and they used teacher ratings to derive play/interaction-style scores. The authors used a multiple regression approach to path analysis to analyze effects of sex of participant, participants' play/interaction-style scores, playmates' play/interaction-style scores, and degree of gender segregation to determine their effects on one another. The authors observed significant levels of gender segregation, with highly aggressive or active children displaying less segregation than their peers did. However, gender segregation was not associated with a preference for playmates with similar play or interaction styles.
Measurement of progesterone receptors in human breast tumors: Comparison of various methods of analysis

Abstract Progesterone receptors in human breast tumors were measured by three separate methods. Cytosol prepared freshly from each tumor was analysed simultaneously by the single-saturating dose analysis, the sucrose density gradient method, and by the multi-point Scatchard plot analysis. Results from 10 individual tumors allows the following conclusion be made: (1) The data clearly demonstrate an excellent agreement between all three methods for the determination of total (4s + 8s) progesterone receptor concentration. No loss in receptor binding activity is observed during the time required for sucrose density gradient analysis. (2) Although the progesterone receptor exists as two macromolecular forms (4s + 8s), both have similar (if not identical) K D s because receptor concentrations calculated by extrapolation of Scatchard plots are identical to those obtained from either the summation of 4s and 8s areas of sucrose gradients, or single-saturating dose assays. This finding supports the contention that all three methods can be used interchangeably in the clinical laboratory.
Metal-metal-bonded scandium cluster (Sc7Cl12Z) and infinite chain (Sc4Cl6Z) phases stabilized by interstitial boron or nitrogen (Z)

Abstract The title phases have been obtained in high yields from reactions of metal, trichloride, and elemental boron or nitrogen in sealed niobium tubing at 850–950°C. Single crystal structural studies on samples of all four phases obtained by autogenous vapor phase transport reactions are reported. The Sc 7 Cl 12 Z compounds contained discrete Sc 6 Cl 12 Z clusters together with isolated scandium(III) atoms while Sc 4 Cl 12 Z consists of infinite chains of the condensed clusters sharing trans ScSc edges, comparable to those found in Sc 5 Cl 8 Z and, especially, the closely related NaMo 4 O 6 . The scandium-scandium bond lengths in these reflect both the electron count and the effective interstitial size. Extended-Huckel molecular orbital calculations for both borides demonstrate the prime importance of strong Sc- Z bonding. The chain phases are predicted to be metallic.
Analysis of fault models for student use

Computer science educators have long been concerned over the difficulty with which some students learn to write computer programs; especially the wide disparity in students' abilities to locate and fix faults in the programs they write. We hypothesized that requiring students to categorize faults (as the faults are encountered) would help them better understand the faults and, in turn, improve their corrections and speed up the programming process. This paper analyzes five fault categorization models, with an eye towards application by novice programmers, and provides experimental evidence showing that simple fault categorization can aid students' programming abilities.
Protein-Phospholipid Interactions in Pulmonary Surfactant: The Parker B. Francis Lectureship

SP-B is the protein in pulmonary surfactant with the greatest capacity to augment the phospholipids, ability to resist surface tension, and capability to prevent collapse of pulmonary alveoli. Synthetic peptides derived from the structure of SP-B and simplified analogues of these SP-B-derived peptides were found by tryptophan fluorescence to partition within the phospholipid layer in contact with both polar head groups and acyl side chains of the phospholipids. The intermittent hydrophilic basic residues were found to be essential for full activity, probably because of electrostatic interactions formed with phosphates of the polar head groups. The hydrophobic stretches of residues in SP-B and the related peptides supplement the activity through interaction with the phospholipid acyl side chains. By increasing intermolecular and intramolecular order of the phospholipid layer and thereby stability of the layer. the SP-B analogues provide strong surfactant activity. Simplified peptide analogues of SP-B, dispersed in DPPC and POPG, provide strong surfactant activity in vitro and in the lungs of premature infant rabbits, rhesus monkeys, and humans.
Microdissection of proximal mouse Chromosome 6: identification of RFLPs tightly linked to the ob mutation

In a previous report, the ob mutation was mapped to a position 5 cM distal to Met on murine Chromosome (Chr) 6 in tight linkage to Cpa. In order to identify additional RFLPs in the region of ob, we have made use of chromosome microdissection of a 6:16 Robertsonian chromosome. In total, 19 RFLPs were used to type 131 progeny of a B6D2 ob/+xB6 spretus ob/+intercross. Fifteen of the RFLPs mapped to Chr 6, one of which, D6Rck13, was tightly linked to ob. For refinement of the genetic map around ob, 350 obese progeny of a B6 Mus castaneus ob/+ intercross were characterized. DNAs from these animals were typed for microsatellite markers from Chr 6 that flank ob. Recombinants were then typed for D6 Rck13. D6Rck13 was nonrecombinant among all the progeny of both crosses corresponding to 831 meioses. This probe will be of use as an entry point for physical mapping of the ob mutation.
Localization results for densities associated with stable small-noise diffusions

This paper concerns asymptotic properties of the stationary density associated with small-noise diffusion processes, such as considered in the well-known work of Ventcel and Freidlin [12]. We assume that the origin is a globally attracting asymptotically stable equilibrium point of the underlying deterministic flow. For a bounded domain D, containing the origin, we derive estimates which establish the asymptotic independence, as the size of the noise vanishes, of the equilibrium density in D from the coefficients of the process outside D. These results are applied to generalize a result of Sheu [10] on an asymptotic representation of the equilibrium density.
A History of the North American Band Directors’ Coordinating Committee, 1960–1970

The purpose of this study was to investigate the institutional history and documentary evidence of the North American Band Directors’ Coordinating Committee (NABDCC) during the first decade of its existence, from 1960 through 1970. The NABDCC constituted a forum of national band, music industry, and related associations, including the American Bandmasters Association, College Band Directors National Association, and the National Association of Music Merchants, for examining mutual concerns critically and for fostering discussion with experts outside of the wind profession. The research questions addressed the development of the NABDCC, important events in its history, and the specific issues in music education examined by the committee. Important issues in instrumental music that were discussed by the NABDCC included the role of the band in the school curriculum, music advocacy, federal and state legislation, standards-based education, and the inclusion of new musical styles and ensembles. Various themes ...
A cane-based 3D interface for at-home rehabilitation games

The objective this research is to effectively integrate a cane into at-home rehabilitation that can be used with many existing 3D games. Current 3D interfaces for games are not usable for many populations with physical impairments and are often not adaptable to rehabilitation exercises (e.g., balance exercise, assistive device training). To address this, we present the iterative design of a novel cane-based 3D interface for at-home rehabilitation games. We report preliminary results from an initial pilot study, which offers insight into the future design and potential effectiveness of canes as at-home rehabilitation game interfaces.
Homotopy types of complements of 2-arrangements in R4

Abstract We study the homotopy types of complements of arrangements of n transverse planes in R 4 , obtaining a complete classification for n⩽6 , and lower bounds for the number of homotopy types in general. Furthermore, we show that the homotopy type of a 2-arrangement in R 4 is not determined by the cohomology ring, thereby answering a question of Ziegler. The invariants that we use are derived from the characteristic varieties of the complement. The nature of these varieties illustrates the difference between real and complex arrangements.
Slowed Muscle Contractile Properties Are Not Associated With a Decreased EMG/Force Relationship in Older Humans

We tested the hypothesis that, as a result of slower muscle contractile properties, the electromyogram (EMG)/force relationship is decreased during voluntary contractions in older compared to young humans. We studied 22 young (32 +/- 1 yr, mean +/- SE) and 20 older (72 +/- 1) men and women. To quantitate ankle dorsiflexor muscle properties, we measured isometric twitch time to peak force and maximal relaxation rate, the rates of tetanic (50 Hz, 1 s) force development and relaxation, and the stimulated force-frequency relationship. The voluntary EMG/force relationship was determined during isometric dorsflexion from 10% to 100% MVC (maximal voluntary isometric contraction force) in 10% MVC increments. Twitch time to peak force and the rates of tetanic force development and relaxation were slower in the older subjects. Greater relative force was produced in older compared to young adults at 10 Hz. During voluntary contractions, EMG was greater in older compared to young subjects at lower intensities (10% and 20% MVC). Thus, although the older adults exhibited a slowing of contractile properties and summation of force when stimulated at 10 Hz, the voluntary EMG/force relationship was increased rather than decreased at low contraction intensities, compared to young adults. We conclude that the slowing of contractile properties does not result in increased neural "efficiency" of voluntary force production in older adults. This novel observation may have important functional relevance to the performance of activities of daily living, particularly in a more frail older population.
Complete remission in multiple myeloma examined as time-dependent variable in terms of both onset and duration in Total Therapy protocols

Landmark analyses are used to investigate the importance for survival of achieving complete response (CR), an important initial goal of myeloma therapy. With median times to CR in Total Therapy (TT) trials of approximately 1 year, this approach excludes a sizeable fraction of patients dying before such a landmark. To permit inclusion of all trial participants, we investigated the prognostic implications of both onset and duration of CR as time-dependent variables. Superseding the adverse effects of cytogenetic abnormalities and other standard prognostic parameters, both failure to achieve CR (non-CR) and, especially, loss of CR (los-CR) were independently associated with inferior survival in TT1, TT2, and TT3 protocols. In the context of gene array-defined risk, available in TT2 and TT3 subsets, both los-CR and non-CR terms were retained in the survival model as dominant adverse variables, stressing the prognostic importance of sustaining CR status, especially in high-risk disease.
Effect of pore size of membrane filter barrier on growth stimulation of embryonic spleen graft by adult chicken spleen.

Abstract When two 9-day chick embryos, one with an adult spleen graft and the other with a 17-day embryo spleen graft on their chorioallantoic membrane, were joined with paraffin but separated by a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 μ or 0.10 μ respectively, the mean weight of the embryonic spleen graft, after seven more days of incubation, was three times greater than the mean weight of the embryonic spleen grafts in the control pairs which received no adult chicken spleen. Similar results were obtained when the embryonic spleen grafts were obtained from 13-day embryos and grafted on the 13th day of incubation. The mean weight of host spleen of the partner with the embryonic spleen graft was not greater than that in the control pairs. These experiments show that the adult spleen graft was able to stimulate growth of the embryonic spleen graft across thick membrane filters (120–150 μ) with the pore sizes as small as 0.10 μ. The differential stimulation between the 13-day embryonic spleen graft and the 13-day host spleen suggests that the response is not age-dependent.
Mechanisms of biogenic amine transport and storage IV. Relationship between K+ and the Na+ requirement for transport and storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine in synaptosomes

The transport of the biogenic amines, 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine, was studied using isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) prepared from rat and rabbit brains. The transport was absolutely dependent upon Na+, but maximum transport required K+. In the absence of K+, transport increased with increasing [Na+] up to about 75 mM, then decreased. High [K+] decreased transport in the presence of Na+. In the absence of K+, a lapse of time preceded the blockade of transport. Moreover, preliminary incubation of synaptosomes in K+-free media containing 150 mM Na+ blocked initial transport more than media containing 50 mM Na+. It is concluded that K+-lack blocks transport as a result of changes in transmembrane ion gradients secondary to the inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. K+-lack slightly increased the efflux of stored norepinephrine.
Childhood Poverty and Depressive Symptoms for Older Adults in Mexico: A Life-Course Analysis

This study applies life-course theories of latent (direct), pathway (indirect) and conditional effects in an analysis of childhood poverty on later-life depressive symptoms among older adults in Mexico. Data are from the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a nationally representative sample of older adults born before 1951 (n = 8696). Respondents had a mean of 3.6 past-week depressive symptoms and 71 % had no household sanitation facilities before age 10; this measure served as a proxy for childhood poverty. Childhood poverty is significantly related to scores on an adapted 9-item CES-D scale in the full model (b = 0.27, p < 0.001). This effect is partially mediated by four adult socio-economic status measures, although decomposition analysis reveals the mediation effect to be primarily driven by educational achievement. These findings have important implications for Mexico’s rapidly aging population as well as efforts for childhood poverty reduction and gains in education.
Hemorrhagic Bullae in a 73-Year-Old Man

A 73-year-old man with a history of metastatic colorectal cancer presented with multiple, asymptomatic black, crusted nodules on his arms. Two weeks prior, he had received a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and was prescribed low-molecular-weight heparin sodium (LMWH) subcutaneous injections (enoxaparin sodium). Five days after starting to receive anticoagulation therapy, he noted multiple blisters on his arms that grew rapidly, occasionally bled, and dried to become crusted nodules. These were distantly located from his abdominal enoxaparin injection sites. Physical examination revealed multiple crusted nodules on nonerythematous skin ranging in diameter from 4 mm to 2 cm on the patient’s arms, back, and scalp (Figure 1). The abdomen and remainder of skin were not affected. Aside from a low hemoglobin level (10.6 g/dL [to convert to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0]), the results of a complete blood cell count and comprehensive metabolic panel were unremarkable. Coagulation studies had normal results. A 4-mm punch biopsy specimen was obtained for histopathologic examination (Figure 2 and Figure 3). What is your diagnosis?
MODELS FOR AMIDE LIGATION IN NONHEME IRON ENZYMES

Iron complexes of BPGm (BPGm = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)glycinamide, a tetradentate tripodal ligand with a pendant amide arm), [FeII(BPGm)(O2CCH3)(CH3OH)](BPh4) (1) and [FeIII2(μ-O)(μ-O2CCH3)(BPGm)2](ClO4)3 (3), have been synthesized and structurally characterized to assess the effects of an amide ligand on an iron center. Complex 1 (see plot) is the first example of a synthetic model with a ligand combination that corresponds closely to the coordination environments found for the metal centers in lipoxygenase and isopenicillin N synthase.
Monte Carlo debugging: a brief tutorial

Monte Carlo debugging, which has been relied upon for some applications at the author's data center, is briefly discussed with the presentation of some guidelines.
Regulation of prenatal and postnatal protein synthesis in mouse brain

Regulation of protein synthesis during prenatal and postnatal brain development was examined using postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) fractions and isolated ribosome-pH 5 enzyme systems from fetal, neonatal, and adult neural tissue. The rate of polyuridylic acid (poly-U)-dependent protein synthetic activity was inversely proportional to the endogenous rate of protein synthesis in either the PMS fractions or ribosomal preparations. A careful analysis of the kinetics of the poly-U-dependent polypeptide synthesis revealed that there was a lag in the time at which certain of the PMS preparations could begin to utilize the poly-U template as sole source of mRNA. The lag period was dependent upon the developmental age of the neural tissue used and the Mg2+ concentration of the protein synthesis reaction. Since previous work reported that the observed developmental decrease in the rate of polypeptide synthesis utilizing a poly-U template could not be measured by several isolation techniques to determine if the purification procedure might have affected the ribosomes in some manner by removing a specific protein(s) involved in ribosome-cytosol interactions. At 6 mM-Mg2+ the rate of poly-U-dependent protein synthesis was inversely proportional to the rate of endogenous synthesis and depended upon the method used to isolate the ribosomes: microsomes congruent to Triton X-100-treated < DOC-treated < KCl-treated. However, there was no age-dependent effect with any of the ribosomal preparations. The data suggest that there is a developmental modulating effect of ribosomal activity in PMS preparations which is not found in association with the isolated ribosome-pH 5 enzyme protein synthesizing system.
The ascription of rights in wrongful life suits.

“Wrongful life” is an action brought by a defective child who sues to recover for pecuniary or emotional damages suffered as a result of being conceived or born with deformities. In such cases, plaintiff alleges that the negligence of a responsible third party,1 such as physician, hospital, or medical laboratory, is the proximate cause of plaintiff's being born or conceived and thus being compelled to suffer the debilitating effects of a deformity. The child does not sue to recover for the deformity, but rather it is claimed in such cases that the child's life is itself a wrong to the child; hence, the name “wrongful life”.
Operational experience with optical matching in the SLC final focus system

Abstract In the SLC final focus system, all components of transverse phase-space and the couplings between them must be controlled to minimize the beam size at the interaction point. After summarizing the experimental algorithm and the on-line tuning programs, we present a consistent set of measurements and describe our present understanding of the various contributions to this beam size.
Impediments of Labor Contracts on Prison Administrators’ Response to Staff–Inmate Sexual Misconduct

Sexual violence in adult correctional facilities led to the enactment of the 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act as one approach to reducing this form of institutional violence. The current study examined collective bargaining agreements governing correctional agencies to identify impediments that may impact administrators’ responses to sexual violence, specifically in instances of allegations of staff–inmate sexual misconduct. In addition, structured interviews and focus groups with correctional administrators and labor representatives were used to develop policy recommendations. Contract language and interview participants demonstrated that a myriad of cultural and structural characteristics of prisons as well as pragmatic considerations may serve to inhibit the implementation of some policy changes. Interview participants identified several insights about contemporary prison settings and modifications that may aid in reducing some forms of institutional violence.
Peanut Tolerance to Pyroxasulfone

ABSTRACT Due to limited hectares and production in comparison to field corn, soybean, and wheat, commercial research and development efforts by major manufacturers for potential new peanut herbicides are minimal. Therefore, new herbicides developed for large hectare crops should be evaluated for potential use in peanut. Field trials were conducted in Ty Ty and Plains Georgia in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the tolerance of peanut to PRE and POST applications of pyroxasulfone at five rates (0, 120, 240, 360, and 480 g ai/ha). Pyroxasulfone did not cause significant peanut injury at the Ty Ty location. In Plains, PRE applications of pyroxasulfone caused significant crop stunting, particularly at the 360 and 480 g/ha rates. In Ty Ty, PRE applications of pyroxasulfone also resulted in greater expression of tomato spotted wilt virus than POST applications. Peanut yields were not reduced by any rate or timing of pyroxasulfone. These results suggest that pyroxasulfone may have some potential to be utilized in peanut.
Conflict Resolution and the Process of Temporal Integration

Four experiments using rats as Ss are reported. First, delay of reward and delay of punishment gradients were determined empirically for a similar right-left position-discrimination response, using the same apparatus. Second, this empirical information was used to describe how a double approach-avoidance conflict would be resolved when the rewards and punishments for both the right- and left-choice were unevenly distributed in time. The purposes of the experiments were: (a) to demonstrate that the process of resolving such temporal conflicts requires S to integrate over a delay interval the relative value of both the reward and the punishment for each of the two choices, and (b) to show that this value was, in turn, jointly determined by the separate delay of reward and delay of punishment gradients. Further, it was shown that the height and duration of these two types of delay of reinforcement gradients were determined by other variables, and when the height or duration of one of the gradients was altere...
Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association

The 1985 annual meeting of the American Historical Association was held from December 27-30 in New York City. This report is on nine sessions deal ing with themes of interest to the readers of this journal. For a catalogue of the meeting, which had additional panels with a labor history component, write to the American Historical Association, 400 A Street SE, Washington, DC, 20003. The most unusual features of the annual meeting were the two joint meetings between historians and members of the Industrial Relations Research Association. As David Brody indicated, these two disciplines have rarely con versed, because industrial relations has based itself on a "systems" approach that emphasizes stability over change. This attempt to stimulate a new dialogue aroused considerable interest. The first of the two sessions took an unusual tack: Melvyn Dubofsky (SUNY, Binghamton) compared industrial relations in the 1920s with the 1980s, while Irving Bernstein (UCLA) compared the 1930s with the 1960s. Dubofsky found many similarities in the two periods, particularly in the fact that employers crushed unions on the one hand, and preached cooperation on the other. Bernstein showed how the welfare state measures of the New Deal era were broadened during the Great Society, albeit on a more fragile political foundation. Unfortunately, the comparative approach did not clarify why the collective bargaining system that emerged with the New Deal has begun to break down. The second session, a roundtable on theories of industrial relations and labor history, was also disappointing. David Brody suggested that labor his tory's search for a synthesis, and industrial relations' current attempt to explain recent changes in the collective bargaining system, may make for a convergence. Brody suggested that Piore and Sabel's recent book, The Second Industrial Divide, might provide a starting point for exploring common ground. Robert Ozanne (Wisconsin) did not seem sympathetic to the session's
Optical and electron microscope studies on the excretory bladder of the supposed epitheliocystid cercaria of Ochetosoma aniarum

Optical and electron microscope studies of the supposed epitheliocystid Ochetosoma aniarum cercariae indicated that the bladder epithelium was syncytial and did not develop from a “mesodermal” mass as previously noted for epitheliocystid worms. The initial development appeared similar to that described for other epitheliocystid cercariae, except that the lining was cytoplasmic in all stages of development. The bladder epithelium of mature cercariae possessed spongiform secretory granules, nuclei in outpockets distal to the lumen, and appeared secretory in nature. The bladder wall of early embryos did not appear secretory, however it became progressively more secretory appearing as the embryos matured. These findings do not uphold the criteria established by La Rue (1957) for epitheliocystid development, thus casting doubt upon the research that led to La Rue's conclusions. The protonephridial ducts were similar to those described by others. The larger duct walls possessed finger-like projections into the lumen. Such projections were not seen in the small excretory capillaries.