cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzymic and immunochemical properties of lysozyme. XIII. Accurate delineation of the reactive site around the disulfide 6-127 by immunochemical study of β-propiolactone lysozyme derivative and of synthetic disulfide peptides

Abstract In previous reports from this laboratory it was shown that an antigenic reactive site resides around the sequences 6–13 and 126–128 linked by the disulfide 6–127. The present work provides a strong support for the location of the reactive site by an independent approach. It also determines accurately the boundaries of the reactive site. 1. 1. The two methionine residues in lysozyme were carboxyethylated by reaction with β-propiolactone. The electrophoretically homogeneous derivative had no other modified amino acids and showed no conformational changes, relative to native lysozyme, as determined by ORD and CD measurements. However, it exhibited a slight increase in disulfide reducibility relative to native lysozyme and its lytic activity was about half that of native lysozyme, probably as a result of the slight conformational change. On the other hand, the antigenic reactivity of the derivative was equal to that of native lysozyme with several goat and rabbit antisera to lysozyme. It was therefore concluded that methionines 12 and 105 were not parts of antigenic reactive sites in native lysozyme. 2. 2. Eleven peptides, corresponding to various sequences on the two sides of the disulfide 6–127 (i.e. two groups of peptides) were synthesized, purified and characterized. One group (A) of peptides comprised sequences 3–14, 5–14, 6–14, 5–13, 5–12 and an analog of sequence 5–14 in which methionine 12 is replaced by glycine. The second group (B) of peptides comprised sequences 125–129, 125–128, 126–128, 127–128, and 125–127. From groups A and B, nine disulfide-containing peptides (see Fig. 2) were synthesized, purified, characterized and their immunochemical interactions with antisera to native lysozyme studied. Towards each of the antisera studied here, Phe-3, Gly-4, Arg-5, Arg-125 and Leu-129 were not essential parts of the reactive site. On the other hand, Arg-14, Lys-13, Gly-126 and with some antisera Arg-128 were each critical for the reactivity of the site. Peptides from group A alone or group B alone did not inhibit the reaction of lysozyme with its antisera, confirming our previous findings that the integrity of the disulfide bond is essential for bringing the two distant (in sequence) parts of the site together. Finally, replacement of Met-12 by glycine did not influence the immunochemical reactivity of the site, confirming the above conclusion that neither of the two methionine residues takes part in interaction of lysozyme with its antibodies. An accurate delineation of the antigenic reactive site is, therefore derived here and its shape in the three-dimensional structure of native lysozyme is described.
66 DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICALLY-ILL INFANTS GREATER THAN 2500 GRAMS

There is limited developmental outcome data available on near term infants requiring intensive care. To assess the impact on larger infants requiring such care, a 20% random sample of infants >2500 grams discharged from the University of Florida Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Center (RNICC) between 1975-1976 were evaluated at 21 months post conceptual age. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development's mental and physical development quotients (MDQ/PDQ) and physical and neurological exams were the outcome assessment measures administered utilizing a blind experimental design. Mean gestational age was 39 weeks and mean hospital stay was 7 days. No statistical differences were found by race or sex of the infants. Those infants who were transferred to the RNICC had MDQ and PDQ significantly lower than those born inhouse. Since only sick infants in this weight group are transported, the lower MDQ and PDQ may be just a reflection of the initial disease.
Structure of a yeast hypothetical protein selected by a structural genomics approach

Yeast hypothetical protein YBL036C (SWISS-PROT P38197), initially thought to be a member of an 11-protein family, was selected for crystal structure determination since no structural or functional information was available. The structure has been determined independently by MIR and MAD methods to 2.0 A resolution. The MAD structure was determined largely through automated model building. The protein folds as a TIM barrel beginning with a long N-terminal helix, in contrast to the classic triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) structure, which begins with a beta-strand. A cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is covalently bound near the C-terminal end of the barrel, the usual active site in TIM-barrel folds. A single-domain monomeric molecule, this yeast protein resembles the N-terminal domain of alanine racemase or ornithine decarboxylase, both of which are two-domain dimeric proteins. The yeast protein has been shown to have amino-acid racemase activity. Although selected as a member of a protein family having no obvious relationship to proteins of known structure, the protein fold turned out to be a well known and widely distributed fold. This points to the need for a more comprehensive base of structural information and better structure-modeling tools before the goal of structure prediction from amino-acid sequences can be realised. In this case, similarity to a known structure allowed inferences to be made about the structure and function of a widely distributed protein family.
Morphologies of discontinuous gold films on amorphous polymer substrates

Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the effects of annealing treatments on the morphologies of discontinuous gold films evaporated onto polystyrene or poly(2‐vinylpyridine) substrates. For polystyrene substrates the average size of discrete gold particles increases significantly during a long‐term annealing treatment at 179 °C. The size distribution is well approximated by a log normal distribution function, consistent with a coalescence mechanism for particle growth. The fluid character of the polymer substrates at the annealing temperature of interest allows us to control this coalescence rate, thereby providing a unique method for controlling the microstructure of discontinuous metal films. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy showed that the coalescence rate for gold particles in a poly(2‐vinylpyridine) matrix is much less than the coalescence rate for gold particles in a polystyrene matrix, indicating that polymer/metal interactions play an important role in the determina...
Time-domain differentiation of terahertz pulses

We report on the time-domain differentiation of light waves by metallic transmission gratings. Time-resolved terahertz experiments show that the first time derivative of an arbitrary waveform can be achieved by use of gratings of subwavelength period. The results are in accord with classical diffraction theory and may permit novel applications for tailoring few-cycle light pulses and ultrahigh-frequency optoelectronics.
Geometry of the Unification of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity of a Single Particle

The paper summarizes, generalizes and reveals the physical content of a recently proposed framework that unifies the standard formalisms of special relativity and quantum mechanics. The framework is based on Hilbert spaces H of functions of four space-time variables x,t, furnished with an additional indefinite inner product invariant under Poincare transformations. The indefinite metric is responsible for breaking the symmetry between space and time variables and for selecting a family of Hilbert subspaces that are preserved under Galileo transformations. Within these subspaces the usual quantum mechanics with Shrodinger evolution and t as the evolution parameter is derived. Simultaneously, the Minkowski space-time is embedded into H as a set of point-localized states, Poincare transformations obtain unique extensions to H and the embedding commutes with Poincare transformations. Furthermore, the framework accommodates arbitrary pseudo-Riemannian space-times furnished with the action of the diffeomorphism group.
Biochemical basis of type AB GM2 gangliosidosis in a Japanese spaniel.

Abstract The biochemical basis of a case of GM2 gangliosidosis in a Japanese Spaniel was studied. This dog had a massive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the brain. The beta-hexosaminidase activity in this affected dog brain was approximately 12 times higher than that of normal brain. However, the activity toward p-nitrophenyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucopyranoside was only four times higher in the affected brain than in normal brain. The GM2 activator preparation obtained from the normal dog brain could stimulate the hydrolysis of GM2 ganglioside by beta-hexosaminidase isolated from the affected dog. However, the corresponding activator fraction from the affected dog could not stimulate such a reaction. It was concluded that the biochemical basis of the GM2 gangliosidosis in this Japanese Spaniel was due to the attenuation in the stimulatory activity of GM2 activator. This case represents the first animal form similar to the activator deficiency (or defect) of Type AB GM2 gangliosidosis in humans.
Absolute differential cross-section measurements for p + p → π+ + d reaction at 500–800 MeV

Abstract Absolute differential cross sections for the reaction p + p → π + + d were measured at 491.9, 575.5, 641.6, 728.2 and 793.0 MeV. These measurements covered an angular range from 50° to 120° in c.m. except for the 491.9 MeV case, where the angular range was ∼70°–~105° in c.m. The beam intensity was measured by counting the individual beam particles using a scintillator beam-counting system. The typical accuracy for the beam counting was ∼0.1%. The uncertainty in the target length was about half a percent or lower. The overall uncertainty in the differential cross-section measurement was 1.5–2.5%, including the total systematic and statistical uncertainties. The results were compared with the existing data.
Random Vibrations with Impacts: A Review

Analytical methods and specific results are presented for random vibrations of systems with lumped parameters and “classical” impacts whereby finite relations between impact/rebound velocities are imposed at the impact instants that are not known in advance but rather governed by the equations of motion. Emphasis is placed on the procedures using special piecewise-linear transformation of state variables that exclude the velocity jumps at impacts or makes them small if impact losses are present. In the former case, exact analyses for stationary probability densities of the response to white-noise excitation are possible, whereas the stochastic averaging method is applied in the latter case. Furthermore, the special case of an isochronous system permits a more profound response analysis, such as predicting the spectral density of the response or subharmonic response to narrow-band excitation. The method of direct energy balance is also illustrated, based on direct application of the stochastic differential equation calculus between impacts. Certain two-degree-of-freedom impacting systems are considered, with application to moored systems, as used in ocean engineering.
Functional Assessment and Intervention for Challenging Behaviors in the Classroom by General Classroom Teachers

This study assessed teachers' abilities to conduct functional assessments and functional interventions in the classroom setting with students who had developmental disabilities and behavior problems. The results showed that information on antecedents and consequences was consistent when derived from a structured behavioral questionnaire completed by the teacher or when the questionnaire was administered in an interview format by a behavior analyst. Although raters agreed on the hypothesized function of problem behaviors of three students with disabilities based on information from the questionnaire and interview, behavioral functions hypothesized by separate raters for the questionnaire and interview varied for one student, indicating problems with interrrater reliability. Results also revealed that teachers without specialized training in applied behavior analysis are able to carry out direct observations of behavior problems, antecedents, and consequences, and produce information on antecedents and cons...
A note on behavioural response to a novel arena in lactating mice highly selected for litter size

In an earlier experiment it was found that adult non-reproductive virgin female mice from a line selected for 91 generations for high litter size at birth (S-line; about 20 pups per litter) showed similar or more locomotion activity in four novelty behavioural tests (open-field, runway, maze and social confrontation) than females from a non-selected control line (C-line; about 10 pups per litter). The present short study aimed at investigating behavioural differences in the two lines during lactation in two of these four previously used tests. To investigate within line the effect of litter size on displayed behaviour, half of the litters where standardised, when larger than eight pups, to eight pups per litter. Twenty females from each line and standardisation level (80 animals in total) where subjected once around 2 weeks in lactation to the open-field and the runway test. Females from both lines crossed a similar number of squares in 60 s; S-line females crossed absolutely and relatively more squares in the centre of the open-field than C-line females. Females of the S-line ran faster than C-line females in the runway test. The results suggest that behavioural characteristics as measured in the two behavioural tests are consistent over the two physiological stages (mature non-reproductive and lactating). Standardisation level did not influence any of the measured behavioural traits significantly. Non-reproductive females from the former study appeared to run considerably faster in the runway than lactating females of the present study. Also considerably less non-reproductive females appeared to return to the startbox or did not enter the runway at all than lactating females. This suggests a novelty-induced increase in emotionality that is opposite to a generally observed physiologically induced low-anxiety state during lactation. Responsible for these results may be the fact that lactating females were tested directly after separation from their litter and in the vocal presence of their pups. Future research is needed to investigate this further.
Eddy activity in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands

Abstract Persistent northeasterly trade winds have a substantial impact on the oceanic circulation around the Hawaiian Islands. A regional ocean model is applied to understand the effect of different temporal and spatial resolutions of surface momentum forcing on the formation of strong mesoscale vortices and on the simulation of realistic levels of eddy kinetic energy. The higher spatial and temporal resolutions of wind forcing is shown to substantially affect the vorticity and deformation field in the immediate lee of the Hawaiian Islands and produce patterns of eddy kinetic energy similar to observations. This suggests that the surface eddy field in the region is mostly dominated by the local surface momentum forcing. Mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones formed in the lee of the Island of Hawaii are shown to have different propagation patterns. Mesoscale cyclones are more confined to the lee and are hence subject to interactions with the strong wind forcing and deformation field as well as smaller vortices formed in the wake of the other islands. Mesoscale anticyclones show not only a tendency to propagate further westward, but also to persist as coherent features as they propagate, even at relatively lower values of relative vorticity. The large strain rates that affect the propagation of the cyclones cause them to break down into filaments of positive vorticity. Rossby numbers of O(1) within vortices and filaments indicate that nonlinear interactions between the wind stress and the vertical component of the relative vorticity field is potentially important in producing large vertical velocities. Modeled cyclonic eddies show a good resemblance to observations both in terms of vertical structure and propagation patterns.
Velocities of the Spiral Nebulæ

THE extraordinary velocities of recession which are derived from the shift toward the red of the spectral lines of remote galaxies have led to much scepticism of the interpretation of this shift as a Doppler effect; and this scepticism is enhanced when it is learned that the velocities are proportional to the distances of the galaxies. No other interpretation in terms of ether waves seems to be satisfactory, but there is an interpretation in terms of light quanta, or photons, that is much less disturbing.
ASSESSMENT OF AN ESCHERICHIA COLI METHIONINE AUXOTROPH GROWTH ASSAY FOR QUANTIFYING CRYSTALLINE METHIONINE SUPPLEMENTED IN POULTRY FEEDS

Estimating availability of methionine is relevant to feed formulation since diets can be supplemented with crystalline methionine to meet the minimum requirements of rapidly growing birds. Bacterial assays have been developed to measure the bioavailable levels of several essential amino acids in feeds, including methionine. The E. coli methionine auxotroph strain used in this study exhibited a linear extent of growth response to increasing concentrations of methionine added to the minimal test media, in the range of 0 to 4 μg/mL. In addition the growth rates of the E. coli auxotroph were significantly (P < 0.01) different when the methionine concentrations were varied (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 μg/mL) in minimal media. To assay feeds, feed grade methionine was added to poultry feed mixtures and samples were diluted with M9 media. Using this assay for estimating crystalline methionine added to feed, the extent of growth of the methionine auxotroph was correlated with the levels of crystalline methionine supplemented in the feed (R2= 0.9873). For all supplementation levels methionine recovery percentages ranged from 71 to 80% indicating that the bacterial assay response to crystalline methionine was relatively constant in the presence of the feed matrix. The overall results indicate that the rapid detection of crystalline methionine added to feeds is possible using this E. coli methionine auxotroph growth-based assay.
RESISTANCE TO FUROSEMIDE IN HYPERPROSTAGLANDIN E SYNDROME: EVIDENCE FOR A PROSTAGLANDIN-INDEPENDENT DEFECT IN THE LOOP OF HENLE. † 2162

Hyperprostaglandin E syndrome (HPS), a prenatal variant of Bartter's syndrome, is characterized by impaired renal salt conservation and fetal polyuria leading to poly-hydramnios and premature birth. Moreover HPS mimics chronic furosemide treatment with isosthenuria, hypochloremia, hypercalciuria, hypokalemic alkalosis, and hyperaldosteronism. To date inadequate formation of PGE2 is considered to be a primary event in HPS. In a group of 9 children with HPS (median age 10.3, range 7.7 to 11.7 years) long-term indomethacin treatment sufficiently suppressed urinary excretion of PGE2 (54±18 to 5±2 ng/h/1.73m2) and corrected hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism and hyperkaliuria. However, renal loss of sodium chloride persisted (2.8±0.4 to 3.3±0.3 and 3.2±0.2 to 3.0±0.4 mmol/kg/d, resp.) and the children still remained isosthenuric (227±18 to 270±18 mosmol/kg). In addition polyuria, hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria were improved only partially. These observations indicate a tubular defect independent of renal PGE2 release. To study the capacity of electrolyte reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH), furosemide was administered to the patients 7 days after interruption of indomethacin treatment. Compared to a group of 13 healthy children (median age 10.2, range 6.4 to 15.1 years) patients with HPS presented a marked resistance to the loop diuretic. Data were obtained from 3-hour urine collections subsequent to a single oral dose of 2 mg/kg furosemide (means ± SEM; *p<0.05) We conclude that a prostaglandin-independent defect of furosemide-sensitive salt reabsorption in the TALH plays a major pathophysiological role in renal dysfunction of HPS.Table
Fighting the Battles We Never Could: The Avengers and Post-September 11 American Political Identities

On June 26, 2012, Marvel's The Avengers became the third movie in history to earn $600 million dollars at the box office. The film was well received by fans and critics alike and it stood at the apex of a series of superhero movies released in the last decade. The mass appeal of the superhero, as evidenced by this success, has never seemed more powerful than in the years since September 11, a day that floored the likes of Captain America, who wept amidst the rubble with Spider-Man. “Some things are beyond words. Beyond comprehension. Beyond forgiveness” (Straczynski, Romita, and Hanna 2001, 2–3). In this atmosphere of uncertainty, comic book writers struggle to deal with the realization that, when America needed its heroes the most, they could only stand among the wreckage of the smoldering twin towers with the rest of us and ask “why?”
High performance liquid chromatographic study of the recovery of aromatic amine and nitro compounds from soil

Abstract An efficient soil extraction method was developed to quantitatively study the recovery of a set of 6 selected amine and nitro aromatic compounds from soil. These six compounds are as following: 3‐amino benzonitrile, 3‐nitro benzonitrile, o‐chloro aniline, nitrobenzene, 1‐chloro 2‐nitro benzene, 1‐chloro 3‐nitro benzene. Solid phase extraction was used in the clean‐up and the trace enrichment steps of the soil extracts. A “zero soil”; in which possible interferences have been removed was used as reference and the recovery study was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection.
TNF-Inhibition with Etanercept for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prevention in High-Risk HCT: Lower TNFR1 Levels Correlate with Better Outcomes

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) causes most non-relapse mortality (NRM) after alternative donor (unrelated and mismatched related) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We previously showed that increases in day +7 TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1) ratios (posttransplantation day +7/pretransplantation baseline) after myeloablative HCT correlate with outcomes including GVHD, NRM, and survival. Therefore, we conducted a phase II trial at 2 centers, testing whether the addition of the TNF-inhibitor etanercept (25 mg twice weekly from start of conditioning to day +56) to standard GVHD prophylaxis would lower TNFR1 levels, reduce GVHD rates, and improve NRM and survival. Patients underwent myeloablative HCT from a matched unrelated donor (URD; N=71), 1-antigen mismatched URD (N = 26), or 1-antigen mismatched related donor (N = 3) using either total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning (N = 29) or non-TBI-based conditioning (N = 71). Compared to historical controls, the increase in posttransplantation day +7 TNFR1 ratios was not altered in patients who received TBI-based conditioning, but was 40% lower in patients receiving non-TBI-based conditioning. The latter group experienced relatively low rates of severe grade 3 to 4 GVHD (14%), 1-year NRM (16%), and high 1-year survival (69%). These findings suggest that (1) the effectiveness of TNF-inhibition with etanercept may depend on the conditioning regimen, and (2) attenuating the expected rise in TNFR1 levels early posttransplantation correlates with good outcomes.
Entrepreneurship from the Ivory Tower: Do Incentive Systems Matter?

There has been a paucity of research to date that has explored whether incentive systems—in the form of monetary payments to inventors, their department or institution, or to university technology transfer office (UTTO) personnel—affect entrepreneurial activities at U.S. universities. To shed light on whether financial incentives to scientists, their departments, and UTTO personnel effect entrepreneurial activity, we used both qualitative data (structured interviews with 128 UTTO directors) and quantitative data from surveys and databases available on the web. Our results show surprisingly and opposite to our theoretical predictions that incentives to scientists and to their departments are negatively related to entrepreneurial activity. In addition and consistent with theory-based predictions, pay to UTTO personnel is positively related to entrepreneurial activity. We conclude with a discussion that offers some implications to research, practice, and theory in the field of technology transfer.
Ultrastructural Morphogenesis of 4-ipomeanol-induced Bronchiolitis and Interstitial Pneumonia in Calves

The two objectives of this research were 1) to describe the ultrastructural morphogenesis ofpulmonary damage and repair induced in calves after treatment with 4-ipomeanol and 2) to characterize infiltrating pul- monary inflammatory cells by bronchoalveolar lavage. Interstitial edema was observed as early as 4 hours after intravenous injection of 4-ipomeanol (5 mglkg body weight) and progressed to severe alveolar edema by 72 hours. Damage to type I alveolar epithelial cells and terminal bronchiolar nonciliated cells included dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear envelopes and was present at 4 hours after treatment. Necrosis and sloughing of these cells from basement membranes occurred at times from 12 to 96 hours after treatment. Alveolar capillary endothelial cells had mild dilation of endoplasmic reticulum at times from 12 to 72 hours after treatment. Necrosis of endothelial cells was not observed. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in bronchioles and alveoli were dominated by macrophages and neutrophils. Significant elevations (P < 0.05) in numbers of neutrophils and macrophages were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage at times from 24 to 96 hours after 4-ipomeanol-treatment. Hyperplasia of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells and of type I1 alveolar epithelial cells were observed at 72 and 96 hours after treatment. The results indicate that type I alveolar epithelial cells and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells are most susceptible to 4-ipomeanol-induced damage and necrosis in calves. 4-ipomeanol-induced pulmonary edema in calves occurs prior to ultrastructurally-demonstrable, mild, alveolar capillary endothelial cell damage.
Magnetic properties of monoclinic phase LiAl0.05Mn0.95O2

Abstract Magnetic characterization was performed on the Al-doped monoclinic phase of LiMnO2 stabilized by high-temperature firing in reducing atmosphere. Curie and Weiss constants ( C=0.0315 emu K / g Oe , Θ=−566 K ) obtained in the paramagnetic regime indicate strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the high-spin Mn3+ ions. Spin-glass behavior is observed at low temperatures, and is attributed to geometrical frustration due to triangular antiferromagnetism and randomness due to Al substitution and cation disorder. Paramagnetic behavior is observed below the spin freezing temperature, indicating the presence of some unfrozen spins.
Weighted individual perceptions and the productivity and innovativeness of research groups

The output of Research and Development (R & D) work groups was characterized along the two dimensions of productivity and innovativeness. Differential weightings of individual perceptions were used to arrive at a group score of those perceptions. Perceived leader behavior and work group differentiation were related to both output measures.
PLACEBO RESPONSE AND ACQUIESCENCE.

It was hypothesized that the magnitude of response of an individual to a placebo is positively related to his degree of suggestibility or motivation to be acquiescent. Seventy-two normal college students were studied while reacting to a placebo. A measure of acquiescence was obtained (Bass Social Acquiescence Scale) which is based on judgments of a series of proverbs. A significant positive relationship was found between degree of acquiescence and subjective response to the placebo.
Continuous coagulation of milk using immobilized enzymes in a fluidized‐bed reactor

Milk-clotting enzymes such as pepsin, chymosin, chymotrypsin, and M. miehei proteases were immobilized on porous, alkylamine glass and incorporated into a fluidized-bed continuous coagulation scheme. Only pepsin and calf rennet retained sufficient activity towards skim milk to warrant further studies. Comparison of kinetic data with fixed-bed reactors revealed the overall superior performance of fluidized beds; higher clotting activities were possible while avoiding plugging problems and high pressure drops common to fixed-bed reactors. Film diffusion and catalyst back-mixing appear to be significant factors in the overall kinetics. All enzymes lost activity on exposure to skim milk. The inactivation rates were lower at high substrate pH and insignificantly affected by reactor temperature. Nitrogen and sialic acid accumulation on the porous glass paralleled the loss in activity in the initial stages. Attempts to regenerate the immobilized enzymes were partially successful.
Craniectomy: surgical indications and technique

Abstract Intractable intracranial hypertension in trauma patients is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Decompressive craniectomy offers a treatment option for this otherwise dire situation. This article illustrates the techniques for both unilateral hemicraniectomy and bifrontal craniectomy. The skin incisions, degree of bone removal, and options for dealing with the bone flap are discussed.
Air quality and health research in a province producing oil and gas

The Canadian province of Alberta is a major world producer of oil and gas. It is therefore vested in issues of air quality and health, which are in turn driven by fossil fuel combustion. The scientific community within the province provides the capacity to address these issues and in order to remain current needs to be actively engaged in research. Air quality is generally very good in Alberta. The reason to support a scientific capacity is to better address economic and ecological sustainability for the future of a province that is economically dependent on fossil fuels. However, the history of air quality studies in the province is mixed.
Immigrant educational outcomes in new destinations: An exploration of high school attrition

Abstract This study examines how young immigrants are faring in new destinations using individual level data from the 2000 IPUMS to assess the relative roles of race/ethnicity, nativity, country of origin, and place on the likelihood of not being enrolled in high school for youth aged 15–17. I found that place plays a nuanced role in the risk of non-enrollment that varies by nativity as well as other household characteristics. While children in general have higher risks of dropping out in new destination communities relative to those in established immigrant communities, the risks to immigrant children are even greater. I found that Mexican and Guatemalan origin immigrants are particularly vulnerable, especially in places with the largest increases in the percent foreign born. The implications of these findings for both immigrants and their communities are discussed in the conclusion.
The differential effect of disulfiram on lipoxygenases from Glycine max

Abstract A kinetic analysis of the effect of disulfiram on the isoenzymes of lipoxygenase from soybean has been carried out. The compound is an effective inhibitor of type-2 isoenzymes but has no effect on the type-1 isoenzyme under the conditions employed in this study. The inhibitory effect is reversible and therefore does not result from covalent modification of the enzyme. The inhibition is manifest as a prolongation of the lag phase commonly seen in progress curves for lipoxygenases rather than as a reduction of the catalysed rate. A variety of structurally related and unrelated compounds have been investigated to identify the nature of the inhibitory effect. The antioxidant properties of disulfiram account for its ability to inhibit type-2 lipoxygenases. The inhibitory effect of antioxidants on type-2 lipoxygenase is only partly reversed when product hydroperoxide is included in the incubation mixture. These observations support the conclusion that free radical intermediates are integral to the catalytic mechanism of type-2 lipoxygenases.
Structure activity relationships using molecular connectivity indices with principal component analysis

Abstract QSARs for a test family consisting of n-alkanes (methane to pentacontane), biphenyl, and all polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were developed with new variables obtained from a principal component analysis of the molecular connectivity indices. These new variables have similar meaning for all compounds and reflect physical characteristics of the molecule. The QSARs obtained using the new variables and the molecular connectivity indices are compared.
Peculiar Gonadotropin Profile of the Adult Guinea Pig Pituitary and Its Responseto Gonadectomy

Biologic assay of anterior pituitaries of intact adult female guinea pigs by the HCG-augmentation assay revealed a concentration of 13–15 μg-equivalents of NIH-FSHSl/ mg dry weight, values similar to those previously observed in female rats and mice. However, in contrast to male rats and mice, which exhibit pituitary FSH concentrations 10 times higher than those of females, male guinea pig pituitary FSH concentration was identical with that of the female. LH was virtually nonexistent in guinea pig pituitaries, concentrations of 0.2–0.4 μg-equivalents of NIH-LH-Sl/mg dry weight having been observed in both males and females. These LH values are approximately 10 times lower than those previously reported for rats and mice. Gonadectomy failed to increase male or female guinea pig anterior pituitary LH concentration and failed to elevate serum LH to levels detectable by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay. These responses of guinea pig pituitary LH to gonadectomy are similar to those of mice, but differ...
Sarcoidosis mimicking glioma Case report and review of intracranial sarcoid mass lesions

Sarcoidosis may rarely cause a discrete intracranial mass lesion. We report a case originally diagnosed as a malignant glioma because of the uneven enhancement and marked white matter edema seen on computerized tomography. Twenty-two reported cases are analyzed, together wih our own. Major signs and symptoms are similar to those of other intracranial masses. Coexistent meningeal or hypothalamic involvement is often present, but extracranial sarcoidosis may be absent. The radiologic appearance varies and does not permit distinction from neoplasms or other granulomatous diseases. Treatment with steroids alone seems to be the best choice for initial therapy.
Transnational Fronterizos: Cross-Border Linkages in Mexican Border Society

This article is part of an ongoing project that examines how different segments of U.S.-Mexico border society carry on cross-border relationships, and how such contact affects their way of life. The focus here is on subgroups on the Mexican side of the border, with an emphasis on economic ties that exist with the U.S. side. The working categories I have devised are based on familiarity with border literature as well as knowledge accumulated through many years of observation and direct participation in the workings of border society. Lack of hard data necessarily makes my typology hypothetical and speculative. Ideally, fieldwork would sustain the generalizations about the various subgroups herein identified, but in the absence of such data my preliminary portrait may prove helpful in formulating strategies on how empirical research on this subject might be carried out. My chief aim, then, is to submit this conceptualization of border society for discussion and further reflection and refinement.
Evolution of the Coefficient of Dynamic Viscosity with Growing Damage in Metals

Coefficient of dynamic viscosity (η) for uniaxial rectangular bar of steel is calculated using creep simulation in Ansys. Norton Secondary creep law with coefficients at 600 ᵒC is used. Steel bar is then inflicted with some damage elements in order to investigate the evolution of dynamic viscosity for varying degree of fatigued specimen at constant rate and temperature. Isotropic damage parameter (D) based on the volume fraction of damaged elements is used to formulate a linear relation between the coefficient of viscosity and D. It is found that with 0.001 increase is damage parameter (D), almost 0.6% decrease on the value of Coefficient of dynamic viscosity (η) is observed.
Use a ball-ended anterior cruciate ligament reamer to protect patella tendon during minimal access tibial nailing.

Minimal access tibial nailing is popular. After entry point identification and guidewire placement, a cannulated entry reamer is used to ‘open’ the medullary canal. Rather than using the manufacturer’s guidewire and bulky 12mm reamer, we recommend using the anterior cruciate ligament tibial guidewire and the 10mm ball-ended reamer (Fig 1). Figure 1 Ball-ended 10mm anterior cruciate ligament reamer This reamer’s short cutting length minimises damage during reaming of proximal tibial metaphysis as the reamer can be pushed gently through the incised tendon before it is activated. The 10mm hole in metaphyseal bone allows easy passage of subsequent canal reamers and the tibial nail.
Cryo-EM Guided de novo Protein Fold Elucidation

Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) numerous sub-nanometer resolution density maps of large macromolecular assemblies have been reported recently. Although generally no atomic detail is resolved in these density maps, at 7 A resolution α-helices are observed as density rods. Here we present the development of a computational protein structure prediction algorithm that incorporates the experimental cryoEM data as restraints. The placement of helices is restricted to regions where density rods are observed in the cryoEM density map. The Monte Carlo based protein folding algorithm is further driven by knowledge based energy functions.The method has been benchmarked with ten highly α-helical proteins of known structure. The chosen proteins range in size from 250 to 350 residues. Starting with knowledge of the true secondary structure for these ten proteins, the method can identify the correct topology within the top scoring 10 models. With more realistic secondary structure prediction information, the correct topology is found within the top scoring 5 models for seven of the ten proteins.The algorithm has been applied to human adenovirus protein IIIa. This protein, for which there is no high resolution structure, is predicted to be highly α-helical. It is resolved in a 6.9A resolution cryoEM adenovirus structure as a bundle of ∼13 α-helical density rods.
The word of others

Tyler Burge has argued that one has an a priori prima facie entitlement to believe in the truth of what one takes to have been presented as true by an interlocutor. This thesis, however, is problematic, since the alleged a priori prima facie entitlement to believe in the truth of our seeming understanding of things presented as true to us, rests on the possibility of determining assertoric force on a purely intellectual basis. This thesis is not plausible and Burge's analogy from memory does not support it. Two routes for defending Burge's thesis of the a priori prima facie entitlement to believe in the truth of what has been asserted can be identified: the Transcendental Route and the Intrinsic Rationality Route. David Lewis' account of linguistic convention would serve as a transcendental argument for the a priori prima facie entitlement to believe in the truth of what has been asserted, but flaws in Lewis' theory leave us deprived of any good transcendental argument for such an entitlement. The Intrinsic Rationality Route is in better standing, but we have yet to see an argument for why we should resort to that measure.
Use of a flow-cell system to investigate virucidal dimethylmethylene blue phototreatment in two RBC additive solutions.

BACKGROUND : Limited photoinactivation kinetics, use of low-volume 30 percent Hct RBCs, and hemolysis have restricted the practicality of the use of dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and light for RBC decontamination. A flow-cell system was developed to rapidly treat larger volumes of oxygenated 45 percent Hct RBCs with high-intensity red light. MATERIALS AND METHODS : CPD-whole blood was WBC reduced, RBCs were diluted in additive solutions (either Adsol or Erythrosol), and suspensions were subsequently oxygenated by gas overlay. Intracellular or extracellular VSV and DMMB were sequentially added. VSV-infected RBC suspensions (45% Hct) were passed through 1-mm-thick flow cells and illuminated. Samples were titered for VSV, stored for up to 42 days, and assayed for Hb, supernatant potassium, ATP, and MCV. RESULTS : The use of oxygenated RBCs resulted in rapid and reproducible photoinactivaton of ≥6.6 log extracellular and approximately 4.0 log intracellular VSV independent of additive solution. Phototreated Adsol RBCs exhibited more than 10 times greater hemolysis and 30 percent greater MCV during storage than identically treated Erythrosol RBCs. Phototreatment caused RBC potassium leakage from RBCs in both additive solutions. ATP levels were better preserved in Erythrosol than Adsol RBCs. CONCLUSION : A rapid, reproducible, and robust method for photoinactivating model virus in RBC suspensions was developed. Despite improved hemolysis and ATP levels in Erythrosol-phototreated RBCs, storage properties were not maintained for 42 days.
Activation of Gas-Phase Uranyl Diacetone Alcohol Coordination Complexes by Spectator Ligand Addition

Gas-phase addition of a basic ligand to dipositive uranyl coordination complexes comprising diacetone alcohol (DAA) results in water-elimination, which indicates aldol dehydration of DAA to produce mesityl oxide. A novel attribute of the observed gas-phase chemistry is that a ligand exothermically associates to a coordination complex to provide the excitation required to induce chemistry in other ligands, with the added “spectator ligand” remaining intact in the product. Dehydration of DAA was observed for addition of tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and 2-propanol to uranyl complexes [UO2(DAA)2]2+ and [UO2(DAA)(acetone)2]2+. In contrast, [UO2(DAA)2(acetone)]2+ did not exhibit ligand-addition chemistry, which is attributed to a high degree of coordinative saturation at the uranium metal center.
Your First 100 Days: Facing the Challenge of Becoming a New Leader

Beginnings are hard, particularly for new leaders. Even with great preparation, it can be daunting. Friends will suddenly treat you differently and you will be under a great deal of pressure to accomplish a lot in your first few months. Comparisons with the previous leader are inevitable. He or she may not have shared the right information with you or properly prepared you for the role. Many people find it difficult to balance being assertive in their new roles with treading carefully to avoid making enemies.
RAC oversight of gene transfer research: a model worth extending?

Clinical gene transfer research (GTR) has both a unique history and a complex and layered system of research oversight, featuring a unique review body, the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC). This paper briefly describes the process of decision-making about clinical GTR, considers whether the questions, problems, and issues raised in clinical GTR are unique, and concludes by examining whether the RAC's oversight is a useful model that should be reproduced for other similar areas of clinical research. Clinical GTR is governed by the same oversight system as most clinical trials, with a significant addition: the RAC. Like other research with human subjects, GTR, if it is affiliated with a federally funded institution, must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB) whose activities are governed by the common rule, that is, the federal regulations for protection of human subjects in research. Like other research intended to produce a drug, device, or biologic to be marketed in the United States, GTR is also overseen by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Basal metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients under collapse therapy.

Summary Basal metabolism studies were done in 145 patients under various forms of collapse therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. A normal rate (between −10 per cent and +10 per cent) was found in 82 patients (56.6 per cent). The rate was subnormal in 55 patients (37.9 per cent). It was above normal in 8 patients (5.5 per cent). Of 55 patients with artificial pneumothorax, the rate was normal in 27 (49.2 per cent). It was diminished in 25 (45.4 per cent). It was increased in three (5.4 per cent). Of 17 patients with pneumoperitoneum, the rate was normal in 13 (76.6 per cent). It was diminished in 4 (23.4 per cent). Of 65 patients with thoracoplasty, the rate was normal in 39 (60.0 per cent). It was diminished in 21 (32.3 per cent). It was increased in 5 (7.7 per cent). Of five patients with phrenic nerve crush, the basal metabolism was normal in one and diminished in four. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis under collapse therapy show a more pronounced tendency to a subnormal basal metabolic rate than those without collapse therapy.
Supporting Adaptable Methodologies to Meet Evolving Project Needs

While most agile methodologies assume that change is inevitable, current approaches have adopted the strategy of defining practices and activities that are general enough to be adapted to many project settings. These methodologies have the ability to address variance and adaptability within the processes, but are unable to adopt different methodologies to meet the evolving needs of projects as they progress through their lifecycles, or change to meet new business or user conditions. For example, a project may begin with a Scrumbased process, but require some XP processes or even heavyweight processes later in the lifecycle. Agile methodologies should be able to react to these changes with appropriate practices and processes that fit project needs at any point in time. In this paper, we describe a methodology generator, a tool that can create hybrid approaches to software development spanning from the most simple to the agile to the heavyweight, depending on project needs. A rule based system is combined with an experience-based feedback mechanism to define the conditions under which a given methodology, process, or activity is applicable to project needs. Deviations from the defined process are freely allowed, but the deviations are captured by the tool so it can be analyzed for process improvements that can help software development organizations become more adaptive to changes in business and technology conditions.
Manufacturing stresses in the die due to the die-attach process

During the die-attach process, residual stresses are developed in components of the die-attach assembly due to the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion of different materials. To properly assess the service life of the assembly, those stresses must be taken into account. Several test dies, with and without chip's protective coating, were prepared, and two different bonding materials, "low-stress" and "high-stress", were used for analysis of the die-attachment induced stresses. An experimental technique, the digital image analysis enhanced moire interferometry (DIAEMI), was utilized to observe the initial and final (after die-attach) surface contour patterns of dies. This information was used to obtain the in-situ out-of-plane displacements of the die due to the die-attach process, and the induced stresses were calculated by a hybrid finite element method. The results show that stresses in die induced by high-stress bonding materials are on average five times higher than the stresses induced by low-stress materials; during the process some of the residual stresses induced by the chip's coating were released. By comparing the results with the straightforward finite element method prediction, it is shown that the induced stresses are much lower than those stresses predicted by the straightforward finite element calculation. >