cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gravitational radiation from a particle falling radially into a schwarzschild black hole

We have computed the spectrum and energy of gravitational radiation from a "point test particle" of mass $m$ falling radially into a Schwarzschild black hole of mass $M\ensuremath{\gg}m$. The total energy radiated is about $0.0104m{c}^{2}(\frac{m}{M})$, 4 to 6 times larger than previous estimates; the energy is distributed among multipoles according to the empirical law ${E}_{2l\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}}\ensuremath{\approx}(\frac{0.44{m}^{2}{c}^{2}}{M}){e}^{\ensuremath{-}2l}$; and the total spectrum peaks at an angular frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}=\frac{0.32{c}^{3}}{\mathrm{GM}}$.
Decreased serotonin 5-HT2A receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide signaling in fibroblasts from melancholic depressed patients.

Decreased Serotonin 5-HT 2A Receptor-Stimulated Phosphoinositide Signaling in Fibroblasts from Melancholic Depressed Patients
A Study on the Use of Kriging Models to Approximate Deterministic Computer Models

The use of kriging models for approximation and global optimization has been steadily on the rise in the past decade. The standard approach used in the Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments (DACE) is to use an Ordinary kriging model to approximate a deterministic computer model. Universal and Detrended kriging are two alternative types of kriging models. In this paper, a description on the basics of kriging is given, highlighting the similarities and differences between these three different types of kriging models and the underlying assumptions behind each. A comparative study on the use of three different types of kriging models is then presented using six test problems. The methods of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Cross-Validation (CV) for model parameter estimation are compared for the three kriging model types. A one-dimension problem is first used to visualize the differences between the different models. In order to show applications in higher dimensions, four two-dimension and a 5-dimension problem are also given.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Multiple-query optimization at algorithm-level

Abstract The database multiple-query optimization can be achieved by analyzing multiple-query sequences at a level below that used by current optimizers, but above the low-level executable code. In this paper, the concept of the ‘algorithm-level’ representation of a database program is defined and optimization techniques that can be applied to the algorithm-level representation are discussed. Some techniques extend existing concepts, while others are new. In this paper, we also show multiple-query optimization can be performed across the update queries.
A man in his 50s with a giant abdominal mass.

Aman in his 50swhopreviously underwent renal transplantation for polycystic kidney disease presented with worsening chronic malaise, fatigue, dyspnea, early satiety, and abdominal distention with extreme discomfort. An abdominalmagnetic resonance image is shown inFigure1A.Giventhesymptomsandmagnetic resonance imagingfindings, the patient was eventually taken to the operating room. Laparotomy exposed a giant multinodular mass (Figure 1B). A B
Radiative Transfer Through a Spherical Shell of an Absorbing-Emitting Gray Medium

Abstract The problem of energy transfer through a spherical shell of an absorbing-emitting, gray and uniformly heat generating medium confined between two concentric spheres is studied. The spheres are considered to be opaque, diffuse as well as gray and are maintained at different but uniform temperatures. Radiative transfer theory is used to formulate the problem rigorously. A superposition method is employed to transform the energy equation into two singular Fredholm integral equations of the second kind for two universal functions. The numerical solution of these equations is obtained by the method of successive approximations. Results are reported graphically as well as in a tabular form and are compared with available solutions.
Hypertension in pregnancy: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease

Increasing evidence indicates that hypertension in pregnancy is an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared with women who have had normotensive pregnancies, those who are hypertensive during pregnancy are at greater risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and have a less favorable overall risk profile for CVD years after the affected pregnancies. One factor that might underlie this relationship is that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia, in particular) and CVD share several common risk factors (e.g. obesity, diabetes mellitus and renal disease). Alternatively, hypertension in pregnancy could induce long-term metabolic and vascular abnormalities that might increase the overall risk of CVD later in life. In both cases, evidence regarding risk-reduction interventions specific to women who have had hypertensive pregnancies is lacking. While awaiting results of large-scale studies, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy should be screened for during assessment of a woman's overall risk profile for CVD. Women at high risk must be monitored closely for conventional risk factors that are common to both CVD and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and treated according to current evidence-based national guidelines.
Tryptophan pyrrolase activity during development in mosquito (Culex pipiens)

Abstract 1. 1. Studies on tryptophan pyrrolase activity during development in Culex pipiens showed that the specific activity of the enzyme was about 2·5 times higher in larvae and adults than in pupae. 2. 2. The mosquito enzyme differed from the rat liver enzyme with respect to its activation by methemoglobin and ascorbic acid. 3. 3. The results showed that the prosthetic group (heme) was more tightly bound to the mosquito enzyme than to the rat liver enzyme.
Outcome of patients treated with a single-fraction dose of palliative radiation for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a radiosensitive tumor. Presently, treatment with radiation is given in multiple fractions. The current literature lacks data that support single-fraction treatment for CTCL. This retrospective review assesses the clinical response in patients treated with a single fraction of radiation. Methods and Materials This study reviewed the records of 58 patients with CTCL, primarily mycosis fungoides, treated with a single fraction of palliative radiation therapy (RT) between October 1991 and January 2011. Patient and tumor characteristics were reviewed. Response rates were compared using Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regressions. Survival rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to assess the cost of a single vs a multifractionated treatment regimen. Results Two hundred seventy individual lesions were treated, with the majority (97%) treated with ≥700 cGy; mean follow-up was 41.3 months (range, 3-180 months). Response rate by lesion was assessed, with a complete response (CR) in 255 (94.4%) lesions, a partial response in 10 (3.7%) lesions, a partial response converted to a CR after a second treatment in 4 (1.5%) lesions, and no response in 1 (0.4%) lesion. The CR in lower extremity lesions was lower than in other sites ( P =.0016). Lesions treated with photons had lower CR than those treated with electrons ( P =.017). Patients with lesions exhibiting large cell transformation and tumor morphology had lower CR ( P =.04 and P =.035, respectively). Immunophenotype did not impact response rate ( P =.23). Overall survival was significantly lower for patients with Sezary syndrome ( P =.0003) and erythroderma ( P 200% higher than that for single-fraction radiation. Conclusions A single fraction of 700 cGy-800 cGy provides excellent palliation for CTCL lesions and is cost effective and convenient for the patient.
3D EM Characterization of Wafer Probes

The following paper describes a method to characterize wafer probes using a 3D EM simulator. Rather than following the traditional method of building a custom test fixture for different probe setups and measuring the S-parameters, this 3D EM characterization method yields multi-port S-parameters of a specific probe structure by utilizing simulations. For a standard characterization, the S-parameters can be a four-port S-parameter matrix for two selected probe pins. This matrix can be used directly by many RF design tools for design and analysis, and can be used to extract the equivalent circuit models of probes (if needed). An agreement has been obtained between data from the 3D EM characterization and the traditional method. In contrast to traditional methods, the 3D EM characterization method provides a fast and flexible technique to obtain an RF model of probes.
Trust and Trustworthiness in Online Credit Markets

This project examines the role of ability and reliability in assessments of trustworthiness. Specifically, we use data from the lending website Prosper.com, an online marketplace for "peer-to-peer" lending, where potential borrowers post loan requests, and other individuals bid to loan all or part of the dollar amount requested. We examine how signals of financial ability to repay interact with signals of socially defined reliability to effect individual borrowing rates on Prosper.com.
Use of horseshoe kidney in renal transplantation Technical aspects

The incidence and etiology of horseshoe kidneys and their structural abnormalities are discussed. Previously, patients with horseshoe kidneys have been considered undesirable donors for renal transplantation. Two cases of horseshoe kidney transplantation are presented, apparently, the first reported utilization of such a donor for transplantation, along with important aspects of surgical technique.
Measurements of the thermal characteristics of a cooled jet discharged into a heated cross-flowing water stream

Abstract This paper reports on results of an experimental investigation of cooled jets discharged into heated cross-flowing ambients in a water channel. Results pertaining to the jet and wake thermal fields are presented in terms of mean and root-mean-square temperature fluctuations profiles. Comparisons are made whenever possible with similar results for heated jets discharged into cooled cross-flowing ambients, and conclusions regarding the general nature of the flow are presented.
Actions of testosterone in prepubertal and postpubertal male hamsters: dissociation of effects on reproductive behavior and brain androgen receptor immunoreactivity

This study was conducted to determine whether there is a increase in responsiveness to the activating effects of testosterone on male reproductive behavior during puberty in male golden hamsters and whether responsiveness to behavioral actions of testosterone is correlated with the ability of testosterone to upregulate brain androgen receptor immunoreactivity (AR-ir). Sexually naive male hamsters were castrated at 21 or 42 days of age and implanted subcutaneously with a pellet containing 0, 2.5, or 5 mg of testosterone. One week later, males were given a 10-min mating test with a receptive female. Animals were euthanized 1 hr after the behavioral test, and blood samples and brains were collected. Plasma testosterone levels were equivalent in prepubertal and adult males that had been administered the same dose of testosterone. However, adult males exhibited more mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations than prepubertal males, demonstrating that postpubertal males are more responsive than prepubertal males to the effects of testosterone on sexual behavior. In both age groups, testosterone increased the number of AR-ir cells per unit area in several brain regions involved in male sexual behavior, including the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), medial amygdala, posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MPNmag). Surprisingly, testosterone increased AR-ir in the latter three regions to a greater extent in prepubertal males than in adults. Thus, prepubertal males are more responsive to the effects of testosterone on AR-ir in these regions. In a separate experiment, a pubertal increase in the number of AR-ir cells per unit area was found in both the MPN and MPNmag of intact male hamsters. These results indicate that a testosterone-dependent increase in brain AR during puberty may be necessary, but is not sufficient, to induce an increase in behavioral responsiveness to testosterone.
Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of Overlapping Second-Generation Everolimus-Eluting Stents Versus First-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents

The safety and efficacy outcomes of stent overlap with second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have not been well established. This study aimed to compare the 1-year clinical outcomes of overlapping everolimus-eluting stents (EES) with those of overlapping first-generation DES. This retrospective analysis included 350 patients treated with overlapping EES (169 patients with 237 lesions), sirolimus-eluting stents (SES, 102 patients with 252 lesions), or paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES, 79 patients with 182 lesions). End points were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization), target vessel revascularization, and definite stent thrombosis at 1 year. During a follow-up of 1 year, overall MACE occurred in 6.5% of EES-, 16.8% of SES-, and 10.1% of PES-treated patients (p = 0.026). Myocardial infarction was lowest in the EES group versus SES and PES groups (0 vs 1.0% vs 2.5%, respectively; p = 0.080), and mortality was similar (3.6% vs 9.0% vs 5.1%, p = 0.162). The EES patients showed a trend toward lower rates of 1-year target lesion revascularization (3.1% vs 8.2% vs 6.5%, p = 0.181) and target vessel revascularization (3.7% vs 9.1% vs 11.7%, p = 0.051) compared with the SES- and PES-treated patients. The cumulative incidence of definite stent thrombosis was lowest in the EES group (0 for EES vs 3.9% for SES vs 2.5% for PES, p = 0.014). In conclusion, stent overlap with EES versus first-generation DES was associated with lower rates of MACE and stent thrombosis. Our results suggest that the use of EES when deploying overlapping stents is effective and safe.
Design and regioselective synthesis of a new generation of targeted chemotherapeutics. Part 1: EC145, a folic acid conjugate of desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide

An efficient synthesis of the folate receptor (FR) targeting conjugate EC145 is described. EC145 is a water soluble derivative of the vitamin folic acid and the potent cytotoxic agent, desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide. Both molecules are connected in regioselective manner via a hydrophilic peptide spacer and a reductively labile disulfide linker.
Systemic co-administration of depsipeptide selectively targets transfection enhancement to specific tissues and cell types

Depsipeptide, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, kills tumor cells much more effectively than normal cells, and can produce significant antitumor activity in human cancer patients. Depsipeptide also increases the expression of lipoplex-delivered genes in cultured tumor cells, as well as following direct intra-tumoral injection. We now show that co-intravenous (i.v.) injection of depsipeptide with polyethylenimine (PEI):DNA complexes significantly increases the expression of PEI-delivered genes in normal, as well as in tumor-bearing mice. At the tissue level, depsipeptide-mediated enhancement of gene expression was selectively targeted to the lung, liver and spleen. At the cellular level, depsipeptide significantly increased the expression of the i.v., PEI co-delivered wild-type human p53 gene in metastatic breast cancer cells, but not in adjacent normal cells. Thus, the ability of depsipeptide to enhance the expression of systemically delivered genes is selectively targeted at both the tissue and cellular levels, without requiring the use of ligand- or promoter-based approaches. Analyzing HDAC-based targeting of gene expression may identify host genes that control the expression of systemically delivered genes.
Mutation Polynomials and Oriented Matroids

Several polynomials are of use in various enumeration problems concerning objects in oriented matroids. Chief among these is the Radon catalog. We continue to study these, as well as the total polynomials of uniform oriented matroids, by considering the effect on them of mutations of the uniform oriented matroid. The notion of a ``mutation polynomial'' is introduced to facilitate the study.
Stable isotope evidence for chemosynthesis in an abyssal seep community

Communities of abundant organisms, similar to those which surround the hydrothermal vents of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), occur in 3,266 m of water in the Gulf of Mexico. They were discovered with the Alvin at 26° 02′ N, 84° 55′ W in an area where pore waters seep from the Cretaceous limestones of the adjacent platform at the contact between the Florida Escarpment and the Holocene hemipelagic sediments of the Abyssal Gulf. Because of the unusual abundance of organisms in this deep-sea environment, and the taxonomic similarities to the chemosynthetically based communities which surround the hydrothermal vents on the EPR, the seep communities are suspected to exist on a local non-photosynthetic food source1. We have now measured isotope ratios in tissues of organisms which surround these saline seeps to determine the origin of the local food chain. The tissues have extremely negative δ13C (−42 to −77‰, PDB) and δ15N (−2.72 to −9.34‰ air) values. Such highly fractionated carbon and nitrogen isotopes are unknown in food chains based on photosynthesis, suggesting that these communities are chemosynthetic. The cause of this extreme fractionation is attributed either to assimilation from local supplies of isotopically depleted methane and ammonium or to biochemical fractionation. The tissues of these animals contain significant amounts of 14C (∼60% modern), so the source of this fractionated carbon is not predominantly fossil methane.
ON THE EXTENSIVITY OF THE ENTROPY Sq FOR N ≤ 3 SPECIALLY CORRELATED BINARY SUBSYSTEMS

Many natural and artificial systems whose range of interaction is long enough are known to exhibit (quasi)stationary states that defy the standard, Boltzmann–Gibbs statistical mechanical prescriptions. For handling such anomalous systems (or at least some classes of them), nonextensive statistical mechanics has been proposed based on the entropy , with (Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy). Special collective correlations can be mathematically constructed such that the strictly additive entropy is now Sq for an adequate value of q ≠ 1, whereas Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy is nonadditive. Since important classes of systems exist for which the strict additivity of Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy is replaced by asymptotic additivity (i.e. extensivity), a variety of classes are expected to exist for which the strict additivity of Sq (q ≠ 1) is similarly replaced by asymptotic additivity (i.e. extensivity). All probabilistically well defined systems whose adequate entropy is S1 are called extensive (or normal). They correspond to a number Weff of effectively occupied states which grows exponentially with the number N of elements (or subsystems). Those whose adequate entropy is Sq (q ≠ 1) are currently called nonextensive (or anomalous). They correspond to Weff growing like a power of N. To illustrate this scenario, recently addressed [Tsallis, 2004] we provide in this paper details about systems composed by N = 2, 3 two-state subsystems.
Relations between specifically evoked and spontaneous activity of optic cortex.

Abstract In rabbits, the afterdischarge of an evoked response of optic cortex often has the form and dimensions of an alpha wave of the spontaneous activity. In cats, this is less frequent, and the afterdischarge may consist of one or several bursts of higher frequency activity. Each burst may then show the timing and envelope similar to the afterdischarge of those preparations showing single smooth waves, or other patterns between these extremes may occur. The series of small waves constituting a burst tends to show the same frequency and individual form of responses as does the previous and ensuing spontaneous activity, differing principally by an increase of amplitude. For 100 msec. after a maximal evoked response, during a negative deflection of the base line, no activity appears. This is also the period during which a second stimulus calls forth a lower, or no specific response, Thus after a first specific response, both its after-response and the specific response to a second shock show parallel courses of depression and recovery. The similarity in each preparation between spontaneous activity and aftereffect of response suggests that the latter consists of a return of the former, after its depression following the specific response. The increase of amplitude is interpreted as a result of partial synchronization of spontaneous activity previously firing more or less at random. The simultaneous depression at the instant of the specific response would cause summation of more units into a given interval and would account for increased amplitude. No increase above normal of the specific response to a second volley stimulus can be detected during this period. Speculations are raised as to what extent the mutual depression of one form of response by another indicates that the same neurones are active in each type of response. Some analogies are drawn between the spontaneous rhythmic activity of cortex and rhythmic muscular tremor.
Technological Choices and Prices, and Their Implications for the US Economy, 1963–2000

This paper examines the influence of techological change and changing factor prices in the US economy on prices and incomes between 1967 and 2000. Dynamic input–output physical, price and income models provide the conceptual framework for the analysis. The investigation is focused on sectoral price changes, the distribution of income and outlays between capital and labor, and the changing real purchasing power of capital and labor. One major conclusion is that the shares of national income earned by labor and capital have remained relatively constant over the entire period due to offsetting changes which are explicitly identified. At the same time, labor's purchasing power has not increased as much as that of capital.
Predictive respiratory complication quotient predicts pulmonary complications in thoracic surgical patients.

Abstract Background . This study was designed to develop an accurate preoperative index of prediction of outcome and hospital charges after lung resection with standard available pulmonary tests in a tertiary cancer center. Methods . Sixty-one consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary resections were evaluated. All patients underwent spirometry, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, split lung function testing, and room air blood gas analysis at rest and after a 2-minute step climb. The thoracic prospective data base and patient charts were reviewed for length of hospitalization, postoperative length of stay, and complications requiring therapy. Logistic regression analysis of the preoperative data, operation and postoperative outcome was used to develop a new postoperative predictive index: the predictive respiratory complication quotient (PRQ). We describe the design of the equation for the probability of serious pulmonary complications, hospital stay, and hospital charges based on PRQ. Results . Ten of 12 patients with a PRQ less than 2,200 suffered serious pulmonary complications of pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency, hypoxemia, and death. Forty-nine patients with a PRQ more than 2,200 did not experience any pulmonary complications. Postoperative length of stay and hospital charges correlated with the PRQ. Conclusions . A construct such as the PRQ may provide a better prediction of outcome than its individual parts. We identified an important underlying relationship between intensive care unit stay, hospital stay and charges, and our index. A PRQ of less than 2,200 was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary complications and mortality.
Exploring the nature of wetting by water of surfaces of alkane-amidethiols adsorbed on gold using the electrostatic potential topology

The nature of the interaction of water molecules with the surface of a set of experimentally well-studied alkane−amidethiols adsorbed on a gold(111) surface and its effect on the water contact angle have been studied by carrying out a systematic determination of the topology of electrostatic potential using ab initio density functional theory methods for periodic systems. The obtained results have shown that the water contact angle decreases systematically as the number of minima by surface cell unit and the electrostatic potential magnitude at these minima, and consequently the adsorption strength, increases. Thus, this electrostatic potential magnitude can be used as a measure of the efficiency and ability of a chemical group for wetting of a surface by water.
Gas-phase chemical kinetics of small metal clusters: developmen and characterization of a fast-flow reactor for neutral clusters

The development and characterization of a new fast-flow reactor for the study of the gas-phase chemical kinetics of small metal clusters is reported. The flow reactor has been designed to study the reactivity of well-thermalized clusters over a range of well-determined pressures in order to obtain quantitative absolute kinetic rate constants, especially in the low pressure limit. The apparatus has been characterized and proven through the study of known reactions of atoms and is capable of measuring bimolecular rate constants ranging five orders of magnitude down from gas kinetic at total pressures from 0.2 to 6 Torr. Application to the study of cluster kinetics has been demonstrated by measurements made on reactions of the copper dimer, Cu2.
Endurance exercise and the heart: multiple benefits but many unanswered questions.

Participation in endurance sports has been consistently increasing. In 2008, there was a 3% increase in the estimated number of marathon finishers (425,000) in the United States from 2007, with more than 18 new marathons. Men accounted for the slight majority of runners (59%), and male participants were slightly older; the mean age of all finishers was 38 years, and the mean finish time was about 4 hours, 30 minutes. This year’s 113th Boston Marathon closed its 25,000plus field on January 26, the earliest closure date ever. The overall beneficial effects of moderate exercise are unquestioned. Regular moderate exercise, such as brisk walking for 30 minutes at a time, 5 times a week, has beneficial effects on blood pressure, serum lipid profile, insulin resistance, and overall mortality. The beneficial effects of prolonged exercise, such as running, and endurance sports, such as participation in marathons, triathlons, or Ironman events, are not as clear and are debated. Prolonged exercise has been associated with pathologic changes such as myocardial fibrosis, increased platelet aggregation, wall motion abnormalities, and myocardial infarction. Tragic case reports and news stories of sudden death in association with the acute participation and periparticipation periods of endurance events have appropriately generated questions and stimulated much research. Recent data, among subjectively healthy athletes with a mean age of 57 years who had performed 5 marathons during the previous 3 years and had no histories of heart disease or diabetes, showed a higher incidence of coronary artery calcification, despite reassuringly lower Framingham risk scores. Data from the same cohort, involving assessment of late-gadolinium enhancement, a marker of myocardial fibrosis, demonstrated 3 times (12% vs 4%) the occurrence of late gadolinium enhancement. The pattern of enhancement occurred in both coronary and noncoronary distributions and was associated with a marginally lower event-free coronary rate (3 subjects vs 1 subject in 21 months of follow-up). Despite these seemingly ominous short-term data, there are generally no data to suggest any long-term adverse clinical significance; rather, increasing exercise expenditure has been associated with an almost 4-fold reduction in the total incidence of cardiac arrest and a prolongation of life expectancy of about 5 years. Even acutely, and despite heightened public awareness of these tragic events and some of the above-mentioned data, the overall risks associated with participation in endurance events and the event-related prevalence of sudden cardiac death remain reassuringly low, approximately 0.002% in marathon running; most of these deaths occur secondary to latent
Observation of nearly perfect irrotational flow in normal and superfluid strongly interacting Fermi gases.

We study the hydrodynamic expansion of a rotating strongly interacting Fermi gas by releasing a cigar-shaped cloud with a known angular momentum from an optical trap. As the aspect ratio of the expanding cloud approaches unity, the angular velocity increases, indicating quenching of the moment of inertia $I$ to as low as 0.05 of the rigid body value ${I}_{\mathrm{rig}}$. Remarkably, we observe this behavior in both the superfluid and collisional normal fluid regimes, which obey nearly identical zero-viscosity irrotational hydrodynamics. We attribute irrotational flow in the normal fluid to a decay of the rotational part of the stream velocity during expansion, which occurs when the shear viscosity is negligible. Using conservation of angular momentum, we directly observe a fundamental result of irrotational hydrodynamics, $I/{I}_{\mathrm{rig}}={\ensuremath{\delta}}^{2}$, where $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is the deformation parameter of the cloud.
Flexible/Branched Block Copolymer Melts

I determined the phase boundaries for regularly branched block copolymers in the self-consistent classical path, circular/spherical unit cell approximation. In contrast to the case for linear chains, end-free “dead” zones are highly suppressed for highly branched molecules, greatly simplifying the integral equations to be solved. For the linear/branched diblock copolymers considered here, the phase boundaries between microphases are considerably shifted toward small volume fractions of the branched species. The equilibrium distribution of chain free ends is asymptotically uniform at high degrees of branching, consistent with the “filled core” picture of single dendrimer conformations.
Metaplastic papillary tumor of the fallopian tube: A case report with ultrastructure

Summary This is the fifth metaplastic papillary tumor of the fallopian tube identified in a postpartum tubal ligation. Light microscopic studies demonstrate a mucinous metaplasia. The ultrastructure of this unusual papillary epithelial proliferation reveals abundant filaments with condensations. The tumor has not recurred during 4 years of follow-up.
Multivariate approach to the thermal challenge problem

Abstract This paper presents an engineering approach to the thermal challenge problem defined by Dowding et al. (this issue). This approach to model validation is based on a multivariate validation metric that accounts for model parameter uncertainty and correlation between multiple measurement/prediction differences. The effect of model parameter uncertainty is accounted for through first-order sensitivity analysis for the ensemble/validation tests, and first-order sensitivity analysis and Monte-Carlo analysis for the regulatory prediction. While sensitivity based approaches are less computational expensive than Monte-Carlo approaches, they are less likely to capture the far tail behavior of even mildly nonlinear models. The application of the sensitivity based validation metric provided strong evidence that the tested model was not consistent with the experimental data. The use of a temperature dependent effective conductivity with the linear model resulted in model predictions that were consistent with the data. The correlation structure of the model was used to pool the prediction/measurement differences to evaluate the corresponding cumulative density function (CDF). Both the experimental CDF and the predicted CDFs indicated that the regulatory criterion was not met.
Keeping STATs on memory CD8+ T cells.

The CD8+ T cell response is characterized by generation of a population of effector cells and establishment of a persistent memory pool. In this issue, Cui et al. (2011) and Siegel et al. (2011) show that cytokine receptor signaling through the transcription factor STAT3 establishes stable memory CD8+ T cells.
Baldcypress allelochemics and the inhibition of silkworm enteric microorganisms Some Ecological Considerations.

Exposure ofBombyx mori larvae to 2-furaldehyde, a major volatile component of baldcypress heartwood,Taxodium distichum, resulted in in vivo inhibition of enteric microorganisms at concentrations (1–47 ppm) that were released naturally from heartwood. The 7 bacterial and 2 fungal enteric isolates were also inhibited in vitro at the same concentrations. It is suggested that inhibition of leaf surface micro-organisms or in vivo inhibition of silkworm enteric microflora, as a result of indirect or direct action of 2-furaldehyde, exacerbates the growth-inhibitory effects of this compound on larvae by reducing the microbial nutritional contribution. The ecological significance of insect enteric microbial inhibition by plant allelochemics is discussed.
Effect of external stress on remanence ratios and anisotropy fields of magnetic materials

Changes in shape of the hysteresis loops of magnetic materials with compressive stress applied parallel to the magnetic field have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. From a model of a single independent grain, the results of theory suggest that for materials with negative anisotropy, the λ 100 magnetostriction constant controls the effects on both the remanence ratio and anisotropy field. When the anisotropy is positive, the λ 111 constant is predominant. For a single-crystal specimen of Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 , quantitative agreement with the theory was obtained from measurements carried out on a hysteresigraph. Polycrystalline samples of Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 , Y 1.4 Ca 1.6 V 0.8 In 0.5 Fe 3.7 O 12 , and Y 3 Mn 0.1 - Fe 4.9 O 12 were examined in a more qualitative manner and these results were also in accord with theory.
Contact deprivation in infants.

• It is now a dozen years since Bowlby1 presented his views that prolonged maternal deprivation of the child can have serious and lifelong impact upon its character structure. He went beyond the impact of maternal dep­ rivation on the individual child projecting the adverse effects that can accrue within a social structure where this type of deprivation occurred as a part of the customs by which children were raised. Now the various elements that comprise maternal deprivation are being sorted out. Actual separation is not the only etiological defect; the affection less mother or even the affectionless child may provide the setting for deprivation defects. Information and specula­ tions about the effects of maternal deprivation upon the infant are converging. In addition to the formulations of Freud and Ferenczi concerning the evolution of the infantile ego and the classical observations of Ribble and Spitz, further data have come from anthro­ pologists, animal experimental psychologists and sociologists. A large number of factors are subsumed under the state called maternal deprivation. Some of them consist of the actual absence of a satisfactory mother or mother surrogate; other elements are to be found in gross de­ ficiencies in the quality of maternal care. Al­ though the care of the neonate may appear superficially adequate, it can be defective in certain specific qualities of tenderness, con­ sistency, or in the intercommunication within the mother-child dyad. Kanner 2 has observed that the mothers of autistic children are often cold, detached and unable to transmit posi­ tive emotional feeling tones to their infants.
Changes in transient receptor potential cation channel superfamily V (TRPV) mRNA expression in the mouse inner ear ganglia after kanamycin challenge

The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V (TRPV) is a non-specific cation ion channel receptor family that is gated by heat, protons, low extracellular osmolarity and arachidonic acid derivatives. Since some of these endogenous agonists of TRPV receptors are reactive oxygen intermediates produced by lipoxygenases, it has been hypothesized that some members of the TRPV family may respond to challenges by reactive oxygen species. This study used real-time PCR to quantitatively track changes in TRPV1-4 mRNA expression in the spiral, vestibular, and trigeminal ganglia and the kidney from kanamycin (KM)-treated mice. TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 mRNAs were expressed in spiral and vestibular ganglia, and TRPV2 and TRPV1 mRNAs were most predominant in control mice. After KM (700 mg/kg s.c. b.i.d., 14 days), TRPV1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-regulated both in the spiral and vestibular ganglia, but expression was unaffected in the trigeminal ganglion and kidney. Real-time PCR also demonstrated a significant down-regulation in TRPV4 mRNA expression in the inner ear ganglia and kidney after KM treatment. All these mRNA and protein expression changes were eliminated by simultaneous administration of dihydroxybenzoate (300 mg/kg s.c. b.i.d., 14 days), an anti-oxidant that blocks KM ototoxicity. It is proposed that up-regulated TRPV1 expression during KM exposure may promote ganglion cell survival by contributing to neuronal depolarization, with KM-induced tinnitus and dizziness as consequences.
Maternal stress during pregnancy increases neonatal allergy susceptibility: role of glucocorticoids.

We sought to test experimentally whether maternal stress can promote susceptibility to development of asthma-like allergic airways disease in offspring. Normal pregnant mice (day 15) were subjected...
A uniqueness theorem for magnetohydrodynamic duct flows

We analyse the steady, fully developed, laminar flows of uniform, electrically conducting, incompressible fluids along arbitrarily shaped ducts of constant cross-section under the action of transverse magnetic fields to show that these flows are uniquely specified by certain parameters, namely: either the pressure drop along the duct per unit length or the volume flow rate and either the electric current leaving the walls of the duct at each point where the duct is connected to an external electrical circuit or the electric potential at these points. The most important, and novel, feature of the analysis is the proof that no secondary flow can exist in these fully developed flows. The analysis includes the special cases where the walls of the duct are non-conducting, and where the fluid is non-conducting (e.g. Poiseuille flow); in the latter case the uniqueness of the flow has not previously been demonstrated, at least in print.
Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease among children and adolescents in the United States.

Background. The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in recent decades might have affected trends in obesity-associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Participants and Methods. We used data for 12 665 children and adolescents, 2 to 17 years of age, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) and for 3611 children and adolescents from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000. Results. For participants 2 to 17 years of age, waist circumference increased 1.6 cm among male subjects and 2.4 cm among female subjects. Mean systolic blood pressure increased by 2.2 mm Hg among children and adolescents 8 to 17 years of age. There were significant decreases in concentrations of triglycerides (8.8 mg/dL) and glucose (2.5 mg/dL) among children and adolescents 12 to 17 years of age. Mean concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin were relatively unchanged. Some changes in means of risk factors varied according to age. Conclusions. The temporal trends for risk factors among children and adolescents during the 1990s exhibited different patterns. The effects of the increasing prevalence of obesity on the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents remain unclear.
Laboratory methods for estimating available nitrogen in manures and sludges

Abstract A soil incubation experiment was conducted to determine nitrate N(NO 3 −N) accumulation rates and available N ( AAN t ) values for stored liquid manures from dairy cattle and swine, various poultry manures and a municipal sewage sludge applied to Norfolk and Cecil soils. Potentially available N ( PAN t ) in the manures and sludge was also estimated by chemical tests which included an acid permanganate extraction, weak acid extraction, strong acid extraction and pepsin digestion. The resulting PAN t values were compared to the AAN t values from the soil incubation study. The rates in which NO 3-N accumulated in soils treated with waste were described using first-order kinetics. The rate constants were highest for soils treated with poultry manure which contained high initial concentrations of ammonia N (NH 3 -N) and rapidly mineralizable ORG-N. The lowest rate constants were for soils treated with municipal sludge which contained low concentrations of NH 3 -N. Incubation tests showed significant reductions in inorganic N (IN-N) in the first 2 weeks, which suggested immobilization and/or possibly denitrification or NH 3 -N volatilization. After 26 weeks' incubation, AAN t varied with waste type and soil type, being from 40% to 67% of total Kjeldahl N (TKN) applied to a Norfolk sandy soil and from 17% to 38% for a Cecil sandy loam.
Variational Hartree‐Fock Calculations of the Ground State Energy of Metallic Hydrogen

The ground state energy of metallic hydrogen is calculated by a variational method in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The periodic wave functions are taken to be a linear combination of Slatertype orbitals and k-dependent and the exchange energy is treated exactly. Then it is shown that the inclusion of correlation effects, in the same approximation of the Kohn-Sham equation, does not modify the result appreciably. The introduction of additional parameters confirms the previous results except those obtained by density functional method.
A model for response tendency combination

A model is proposed to predict the performance on a compound stimulus as a function of the performance on the component stimuli in a two-choice situation. Data from a learning task are used to evaluate the model.
After Deinstitutionalization: The Present and Future of Mental Health Long‐Term Care Policy

Deinstitutionalization is perhaps the most widely recognized term in mental health policy. It has dominated our thinking about policy, especially about mental health long-term care policy, for nearly 30 years. But it is less clear that it is still the best way to characterize current mental health long-term care, or the best policy for the future. In this article, we explore some reasons why this is so, and we present a new picture of current mental health long-term care policy.
Application of time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRNIR) to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state(s) of Os(phen)32+

Abstract Application of time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRNIR) to Os ( phen ) 3 2 + in CD3CN, following visible (450 nm) laser flash excitation, reveals an absorption feature at ν ¯ max = 5460 cm - 1 (emax ⩾ 5000 M−1 cm−1, Δ ν ¯ 1 / 2 = 1840 cm - 1 ) for the MLCT excited state Os ( phen ) 3 2 + ∗ . Based on an electronic structure model, including spin–orbit coupling, the absorption is tentatively assigned to three overlapping ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) bands two of which have dπ → dπ interconfigurational character. This assignment is consistent with the results of a solvent dependence study and an analysis of predicted band energies.
In Situ Radiolysis Steady-State ESR Study of Carboxyalkyl Radical Trapping by 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide: Spin Adduct Structure and Stability

Short-lived carboxyalkyl radicals formed in the reaction of three mono- and two dicarboxylic acids with radiolytically produced hydroxyl radicals or hydrated electrons were trapped successfully with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) in dilute aqueous solution. The in situ radiolysis steady-state ESR spectra of the spin adducts were analyzed to determine accurate ESR parameters for these spin adducts in a uniform environment. DMPO spin adducts of the five carboxyalkyl radicals were identified for the first time. Parent radicals include carboxymethyl, dicarboxymethyl, 1,2-dicarboxyethyl, 1-amino-1-carboxymethyl (glycine radical), and 2-carboxyethyl radicals. ESR parameters for DMPO spin adducts of carboxyalkyl radicals are rather similar with nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants of approximately 16 G and with g values around 2.0054 except for glycine radical. Proton hyperfine coupling constants due to C2−H vary between 21 and 25 G. Nitrogen and C2-proton hyperfine coupling constants are smaller than ...
Calorimetric investigation of the rate of calcium complexation induced acyl chain crystallization of small and large bilayer phosphatidylserine vesicles

Abstract Continuous and incremental titration calorimetric measurements have been used to estimate the kinetics of Ca 2+ induced acyl chain crystallization in 25 nm and 100 nm bilayer bovine phosphatidylserine (PS) vesicles at 25°C (pH 7.4). As we reported previously, when 70% of the vesicle surface lipid is complexed with Ca 2+ , a sharp end point is observed which is associated with the appearance of a precipitate and the onset of acyl chain crystallization [1]. Large vesicles require approximately a two-fold higher concentration of Ca 2+ to induce acyl chain crystallization and the rate of the crystallization of large vesicles is only approximately one third as fast as in the small vesicles. The difference in the rate of crystallization is interpretable on the basis of structural differences in both the unprecipitated vesicles and their precipitated Ca 2+ complexes.
Visual Fields Measured with Double-arc Perimetry in Eyes with Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity from the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Trial

Purpose: To measure monocular visual field extent in very-low birth weight children in whom severe (threshold) acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) developed in one or both eyes, and who had random assignment of eyes to cryotherapy or no cryotherapy. A control group of very-low birth weight children in whom ROP did not develop also was tested. Methods: There were 78 children in the severe ROP group from 5 of 23 centers in the randomized trial of cryotherapy for ROP (CRYO-ROP). The comparison cohort consisted of 75 study participants in whom ROP did not develop. All subjects had birth weights of less than 1251 g. At the 5 1/2-year study examination, visual field size was measured using double-arc kinetic perimetry. Testers were masked to treatment status of each eye. Four meridia were tested: superotemporal (ST), inferotemporal (IT), inferonasal (IN), and superonasal (SN). Target size was 6°. Results: When blind eyes were assigned a score of 0°, the no-ROP, treated, and control eyes had an average visual field extent of 62°, 35°, 27° at ST; 73°, 42°, 35° at IT; 510, 30°, 210 IN; and 50°, 26°, 22° at SN, respectively. Among 25 children who had bilateral threshold ROP and measurable fields in each eye, values for treated and control eyes were 59 versus 62 at ST, 69 versus 80 at IT, 44 versus 49 at IN, and 41 versus 48 at SN, respectively. Conclusions: Overall, visual fields in eyes that reached threshold ROP were smaller than those of eyes that did not develop ROP. When only pairs of sighted eyes were considered, visual fields in the treated eyes were 6.4° smaller than those of control eyes. Therefore, it appears that a small loss of peripheral field occurs when cryotherapy prevents the development of retinal detachment.