cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Continuous Compliance Assurance Possible

The increased threat of legal sanctions or fines for failure to comply with laws and regulations make it imperative that auditors assess the level of compliance with information sharing policies and regulations in a timely manner. Embedding a monitoring mechanism, such as our Continuous Compliance Assurance (CCA) module, into a technology solution for inter-organizational information sharing, if not too costly in processing, would ensure appropriately timed compliance enforcement. A test-bed, which incorporated our CCA module, was built to capture realistic processing statistics. Through this test-bed, we have observed a limiting factor imposed by XML based processing. The feasibility of CCA rests on the reduction of these limiting factors. Accordingly we present two approaches to mitigate these issues.
The Politics of Child Support in America

The Politics of Child Support in America. By Jocelyn Elise Crowley. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 217p. $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper.Jocelyn Crowley argues that child support policy is an example of innovation through entrepreneurial activity over time. Relying on secondary and original sources, she identifies four different sets of entrepreneurs—social workers, conservatives, women legislators/women's groups, and fathers' rights groups. Crowley claims that over the long term, policies continuously evolve and actors enter, exit, and reenter the political arena. Policy entrepreneurs are the central actors who create policy change. She defines policy entrepreneurs as people who are alert to new opportunities, persist in advocating their ideas, and employ rhetorical ingenuity to frame their ideas in novel ways (p. 8). Groups, as well as individuals, have these entrepreneurial characteristics. Changes in child support policy, in the author's view, can be explained by changes in the domination of the political arena of different entrepreneurial groups.
On a fractional derivative form of the Green–Ampt infiltration model

Abstract The Green–Ampt model for infiltration into homogeneous soils predicts a monotonically decreasing infiltration rate and a wetting front that initially advances as the square root of time. Infiltration in heterogeneous soils, however, can exhibit non-monotonic infiltration rates and wetting front advances that differ from the square root of time (“anomalous diffusion”). Here it is postulated, that if the length scales of the heterogeneities can be assumed to be power law distributed, it may be appropriate to model infiltration in heterogeneous soils in terms of fractional derivatives. Then, by expressing the hydraulic flux as a Caputo fractional derivative (order 0 α ⩽ 1) of the head, a fractional Green–Ampt infiltration model is obtained. It is shown that solutions of this model predict non-monotonic and anomalous diffusion behaviors consistent with observations in field infiltration trials; a finding that indicates that a non-local moisture flux model, based on fractional derivatives, is a plausible model for describing infiltration into heterogeneous soils.
Limiter-Coil Current Controller for Flux-Coil Generated FRC

This paper describes the Limiter-Coil Current Controller for the Flux-Coil Generated Field-Reversed Configuration plasma confinement device. It provides independent current regulation for each pair of limiter-coils, allowing control of the magnetic field profile along the horizontal axis of the chamber. A power circuit description and the main principles of the control system design and operation of the proposed Current Controller are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that controllability of radial position as well as positioning the plasma in the center of device has been achieved by using the developed system.
The Role of Suppression and Enhancement in Understanding Metaphors.

Participants read either a metaphorical prime sentence, such as That defense lawyer is a shark, or a baseline-prime sentence. The baseline-prime sentence was literally meaningful in Experiment 1 (e.g., That large hammerhead is a shark), nonsensical in Experiment 2 (e.g., His English notebook is a shark), and unrelated in Experiment 3 (e.g., That new student is a clown). After reading the prime sentence, participants verified a target property statement. Verification latencies for property statements relevant to the superordinate category (e.g., Sharks are tenacious) were faster after participants read the metaphor-prime sentence than after they read the baseline-prime sentence, producing an enhancement effect. In contrast, verification latencies for property statements relevant to only the basic-level meaning of the vehicle and not the superordinate (e.g., Sharks are good swimmers) were slower following the metaphor-prime versus the baseline-prime sentence, producing a suppression effect. As Glucksberg and Keysar's (1990) class inclusion theory of metaphor predicts, the enhancement and suppression effects demonstrate that the vehicle of a metaphor stands for the superordinate category of the vehicle, and not for its basic-level meaning.
The Effects of Redistricting on Voting Behavior in Incumbent U.S. House Elections, 1992-1994

Although numerous studies have assessed the influence of the 1990s redistricting on U.S. House elections, without exception, these published studies rely on aggregate data (e.g., district-level data). Likewise, the author uses aggregate data, but he also departs from previous studies by using survey data to assess the influence of redistricting on vote choice in the 1992 and 1994 U.S. House elections. Unlike past studies, with the use of survey data, the author makes more definitive statements regarding the effects of redistricting on vote choice. The 1990s redistricting was an important factor contributing to the Republicans' House majority because voters drawn into districts with a different incumbent standing for reelection were much more likely to vote Republican.
Autonomic vs Myogenic Influences on Cerebral Blood Flow in Humans

Selected for Presentation 18.5 α1-Adrenergic Blockade Modify The Regulation of Brain Blood Flow During Static Handgrip Exercise I.A. Fernandes, J.D. Mattos, M.O. Campos, M.P. Rocha, A.C. Machado, N.G. Rocha, L.C. Vianna, A.C.L. Nobrega Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University Department of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brazil Background: Forearm exercise increases contralateral cerebral blood flow (BF) with no changes ispilaterally, reflecting activation of corresponding cortical areas whereas the existence of vascular sympathetic control is still uncertain. Aim: To determine the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system, through the selective alpha 1-adrenergic blockade (α1-block), on the isometric forearm exercise-induced changes on human brain blood flow distribution. Methods: Beat-to-beat BF of contraand ispilateral internal carotid arteries (ICA, Doppler) and mean blood pressure (MBP, Finometer) were simultaneously determined in six healthy men (25±2 yrs) at rest and during 2-min of static handgrip exercise (IHE at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction) under control (CT) and α1-block (150 min after oral Prazosin [50μg/kg]). Intravenous phenylephrine (PE-1μg/kg) was administered before and after Prazosin to confirm α1-block. Skeletal muscle activity (surface electromyogram), beath-by-breath end-tidal carbon dioxide (rebreathing system) and respiratory rate were controlled throughout the study. Results: Contraand ispilateral ICAs BF were similar (pN0.05) at rest. During IHE, MBP increased (+33±6.5 mmHg; pb0.05); BF increased to contralateral (+70.6±22.8), but decreased to Ipsilateral ICA (−6.1±18.1 mL/min, pb0.05) corresponding to a greater decrease in vascular conductance (VC) in ispilateral ICA (pb0.05). IHE under α1-block elicited a smaller MBP response (pb0.05) and similar increases in BF of ICAs (pb0.05) and decreases in VC (pb0.05). The smaller reduction in VC in contralateral ICA (CT:−1.6±0.5 vs. α1-block:−0.1±0.2; pb0.05) indicates a diminished sympathetic restrain to flow. Conclusion: Selective alpha 1-adrenergic blockade revealed a role of the sympathetic system in regulating brain perfusion during isometric handgrip exercise. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.341 MONDAY 28 SEPTEMBER PLENARY LECTURE Yvette Tache Modulation of the autonomic nervous system by peptides: Implication in brain-gut axis
Shallow Level Centers

The shallow level trap is calculated using the hydrogen Hamiltonian with a charge, screened by the dielectric constant and dealing with a quasi-free electron, the Bloch electron. A quantum mechanical description renders this electron as a wave packet with an envelope function defining the radius of it. For a large enough dielectric function also higher energy states can lie in the band gap. Charge density functions, ESR and ENDOR are described. The chemical identity of the defect is lost and changes in the trap depth are given by e and m eff. The anisotropy of the effective mass renders higher atomic orbitals of the defect also anisotropic. Hydrogen-like defects of indirect band gap semiconductors are described and the Rydberg energy is given. A list of the binding energy of donors in Si is tabulated. Hydrogen-like acceptors are tabulated for numerous semiconductors. Bound and resonant states are described and tabulated for different acceptors in a variety of semiconductors are tabulated. Shallow defects in Compound semiconductors as well as higher charged and overcharged defects are discussed. Metal ion interstitials are covered.
High-Dose Carboplatin with Peripheral Blood Stem Cell and Growth Factor Support

The administration of high-dose chemotherapy has resulted in a marked increase in the frequency of both partial and complete responses in a large number of patients with solid and hematologic malignancies. This approach has led to long term remission and probable cure rates of 20–60% in patients with Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Similar results have also been obtained in treating children with neuroblastoma and adults with first and second remission acute myelogenous leukemia1,2. While data on the long term results of high-dose therapy in breast cancer patients is less extensive, several reports do suggest that such regimens can prolong disease free survival for patients treated early in the course of their metastatic disease or in the adjuvant setting for women at high risk of early relapse3–6.
ICAT: a simple score predicting critical care needs after thrombolysis in stroke patients.

Patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke are at risk of developing complications, commonly necessitating admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). At present, most IVT is administered in the Emergency Department or in dedicated stroke units, but no evidence-based criteria exist that allow for early identification of patients at increased risk of developing ICU needs. The present study describes a novel prediction score aiming to identify a subpopulation of post-IVT patients at high risk for critical care interventions. We retrospectively analyzed data from 301 patients undergoing IVT at our institutions during a 5-year period. Two hundred and ninety patients met inclusion criteria. The sample was randomly divided into a development and a validation cohort. Logistic regression was used to develop a risk score by weighting predictors of critical care needs based on strength of association. Seventy-two patients (24.8 %) required critical care interventions. Black race (odds ratio [OR] 3.81, p =0.006), male sex (OR 3.79, p =0.008), systolic blood pressure (SBP; OR 1.45 per 10 mm Hg increase in SBP, p 200 mm Hg), and NIHSS (1 point if 7–12; 2 points if >12). Each 1-point increase in the score was associated with 2.22-fold increased odds for critical care needs (95 % CI 1.78–2.76, p <0.001). A score ≥2 was associated with over 13 times higher odds of critical care needs compared to a score <2 (OR 13.60, 95 % CI 3.23–57.19), predicting critical care with 97.2 % sensitivity and 28.0 % specificity. The ICAT score, combining information about race, sex, SBP, and NIHSS, predicts critical care needs in post-IVT patients and may be helpful when triaging post-IVT patients to the appropriate monitoring environment.
Asthma Genetics in the Post-GWAS Era

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma have yielded exciting results and identified novel risk alleles and loci. But, like other common complex diseases, asthma-associated alleles have small effect sizes and account for little of the prevalence of asthma. In this review, I discuss the limitations of GWAS approaches and the major challenges facing geneticists in the post-GWAS era and propose alternative strategies to address these challenges. In particular, I propose that focusing on genetic variations that influences gene expression and using cell models of gene-environment interactions in cell types that are relevant to asthma will allow us to more completely characterize the genetic architecture of asthma.
Effects of Oiling on Feeding Behavior of Sanderlings and Semipalmated Plovers in New Jersey

I examined the foraging behavior of Sanderlings (Calidris alba) and Semipalmated Plovers (Charadrius semipalmatus) during their spring stopover period along the Atlantic coast of southern New Jersey following an oil spill. I used focal animal sampling to test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in foraging behavior as a function of the degree of oiling of birds. Nearly 50% of the foraging time of shorebirds was interrupted during the main period of beach oiling, primarily by clean-up personnel and vehicles that moved up and down the oiled beach, compared to less than 5% of the foraging time disruption at a control beach where birds were interrupted only by walkers and joggers. For both species, the time devoted to feeding decreased significantly, whereas the time devoted to standing about and preening increased significantly as percent of oiled plumage increased. For shorebirds that are already time-stressed in their refueling efforts before their long journey to arctic breeding grounds, these interruptions may prove fatal or might lower reproductive success once they reach the breeding grounds.
Intraocular Lens Power Calculations in Eyes with Prior Corneal Refractive Surgery

Accurate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation is crucial to meet the high expectations of patients undergoing cataract surgery. With current technological advances, IOL power calculation in normal eyes is relatively straightforward. However, it is problematic in eyes that have undergone corneal refractive surgery. There are two major causes of error in IOL calculations in these eyes: 1) inaccurate corneal power measurements obtained from standard keratometers or computerized videokeratography (CVK), and 2) incorrect estimation of effective lens position (ELP) calculated by most 3rd or 4th generation IOL power calculation formulas.
FreeBooks4Doctors: Open Access Transcends Periodical Literature

FreeBooks4Doctors.com is a Web site that offers over 600 links to a variety of resources. From its top level page, it states that it is dedicated to the promotion of free access to medical books over the Internet. The short URL for this Web site is . The resources that this Web site points to are multilingual, with English being the primary language. French and Spanish are also represented, but other languages, such as German, Norwegian, and Russian, are included as well. This Web site is a promising resource, especially from a global perspective. The purpose of this review is to evaluate FreeBooks4Doctors from the perspective of a medical librarian and its viability as a resource for medical librarians.
Endogenous or exogenous? The data don’t say

In an exciting in-depth study of Korean language learners, Han, Musolino, and Lidz (1) show that children often arrive at grammars that do not match their parents. Learners appear to choose between multiple linguistic systems that are consistent with their most direct observed evidence. The authors frame these results as informing the nature vs. nurture debate: because learners acquire a grammar that is not determined by their input, they must be bringing information to the problem “on the basis of an internally driven learning mechanism” (1).
Systems physiology of the airways in health and obstructive pulmonary disease

Fresh air entering the mouth and nose is brought to the blood-gas barrier in the lungs by a repetitively branching network of airways. Provided the individual airway branches remain patent, this airway tree achieves an enormous amplification in cross-sectional area from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles. Obstructive lung diseases such as asthma occur when airway patency becomes compromised. Understanding the pathophysiology of these obstructive diseases thus begins with a consideration of the factors that determine the caliber of an individual airway, which include the force balance between the inward elastic recoil of the airway wall, the outward tethering forces of its parenchymal attachments, and any additional forces due to contraction of airway smooth muscle. Other factors may also contribute significantly to airway narrowing, such as thickening of the airway wall and accumulation of secretions in the lumen. Airway obstruction becomes particularly severe when these various factors occur in concert. However, the effect of airway abnormalities on lung function cannot be fully understood only in terms of what happens to a single airway because narrowing throughout the airway tree is invariably heterogeneous and interdependent. Obstructive lung pathologies thus manifest as emergent phenomena arising from the way in which the airway tree behaves a system. These emergent phenomena are studied with clinical measurements of lung function made by spirometry and by mechanical impedance measured with the forced oscillation technique. Anatomically based computational models are linking these measurements to underlying anatomic structure in systems physiology terms. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:423-437. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1347 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Soil moisture mediates alpine life form and community productivity responses to warming

Climate change is expected to alter primary production and community composition in alpine ecosystems, but the direction and magnitude of change is debated. Warmer, wetter growing seasons may increase productivity; however, in the absence of additional precipitation, increased temperatures may decrease soil moisture, thereby diminishing any positive effect of warming. Since plant species show individual responses to environmental change, responses may depend on community composition and vary across life form or functional groups. We warmed an alpine plant community at Niwot Ridge, Colorado continuously for four years to test whether warming increases or decreases productivity of life form groups and the whole community. We provided supplemental water to a subset of plots to alleviate the drying effect of warming. We measured annual above-ground productivity and soil temperature and moisture, from which we calculated soil degree days and adequate soil moisture days. Using an information-theoretic approach, we observed that positive productivity responses to warming at the community level occur only when warming is combined with supplemental watering; otherwise we observed decreased productivity. Watering also increased community productivity in the absence of warming. Forbs accounted for the majority of the productivity at the site and drove the contingent community response to warming, while cushions drove the generally positive response to watering and graminoids muted the community response. Warming advanced snowmelt and increased soil degree days, while watering increased adequate soil moisture days. Heated and watered plots had more adequate soil moisture days than heated plots. Overall, measured changes in soil temperature and moisture in response to treatments were consistent with expected productivity responses. We found that available soil moisture largely determines the responses of this forb-dominated alpine community to simulated climate warming.
Hydrologic position mediates sensitivity of tree growth to climate: Groundwater subsidies provide a thermal buffer effect in wetlands

We evaluated the effects of hydrologic setting on the growth sensitivity of two conifer species to recent atmospheric climatic variability and change in a region experiencing a warming (annual Tmin: 0.07 °C/decade) and wetting trend (total annual PPT 9.8 mm/decade; 1911–2012). Tree-ring chronologies were constructed for the boreal disjunct balsam fir (Abies balsamea; n = 72; 1916–2012) and range-centered eastern white pine (Pinus strobus; n = 84; 1707–2012) at three forested, groundwater-fed wetlands (fens) and their neighboring uplands in New York State, USA. Soil temperature monitoring in 2010 confirmed that upland soils were significantly warmer than fen soils during the spring and summer months (11.5–13.9 °C; p < 0.05). Climate-growth relationships for Abies balsamea varied substantially based on hydrologic setting and season. Compared with a remnant upland population that showed an increasingly negative sensitivity to warm summer temperatures over time A. balsamea positioned in fens were less sensitive to recent warming. While atmospheric climate-growth relationships were more consistent across hydrologic settings for Pinus strobus, we still observed qualitatively different responses to atmospheric climate variables between fen and upland populations. Overall, the climate-growth relationships identified in this study suggest that relative to trees growing in mesic upland soils, growth sensitivity to warm ambient climate in summer is ameliorated by groundwater inputs. The climate modulating effects of groundwater on tree-growth observed in our study suggests that for temperate and boreal regions where fens are abundant further consideration of groundwater influences on climate-growth relationships is warranted.
Citizenship Education and the Colonial Contract: The Elusive Search for Social Justice in US Education

This chapter focuses on the historical and current conceptions of citizenship and models of education for citizenship in the USA. The authors begin with reflections on the country’s colonial circumstances and the colonial understanding of the ‘human’ that defines what it means to achieve the American identity and, therefore, the status of a citizen. Building on this definition, the chapter expands on the politics of the incorporation of immigrants into American citizenship via civics education as a process of subject-making with the end goal of social control. The authors argue that the same ideology of assimilation to the socio-economic ‘norm’ that undergirded much of the Americanization campaign of the twentieth century is guiding a form of neoliberal Americanization in the twenty-first century in attempts to invent a new ‘human’ under the regime of market fundamentalism.
Alternative Fuels, Fuel Cycles, and Reactors

The nuclear industry of the U.S., and most of the world, is based on light-water reactors (LWRs). These reactors were developed in America, where we had the capacity to enrich natural uranium slightly. Using slightly enriched uranium as fuel made it possible to use ordinary water as reactor coolant and moderator for power reactors. This, in turn, permitted us to use well-known steam technology in designing the reactor system. The resulting reactors turned out to be cheaper than their main competitors and quite reliable.
Abstract A38: MTH1 Inhibition as an effective tumor-suppressive strategy in RAS-driven cancer

Oncogenic RAS mutations confer multiple malignant traits to cancer cells, many of which are mediated by oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, oncogenic ROS also create vulnerabilities in the cancer cells, sensitizing them to oxidative DNA damage and strand breaks which can trigger cellular senescence or cell death. Thus RAS-driven tumor cells require adaptive redox protective mechanisms to inhibit ROS-associated tumor suppression. We previously reported that MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1), the mammalian 8-oxodGTPase, comprises one such critical adaptation. We have shown MTH1 is important for facilitating the full gamut of RAS-driven malignancy by promoting evasion of the first barrier to transformation, viz. oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), enhancing RAS-mediated transformation and related pro-malignant traits, and maintaining proliferation and tumorigenicity in established RAS-driven tumor cells. Recently chemical inhibitors against MTH1 have been developed, although there is some controversy surrounding their efficacy and mode of action. Our work here discusses RAS regulation of MTH1 expression, and the molecular contexts under which MTH1 inhibition can synergize with oncogenic oxidative stress in RAS-driven tumor cells for optimal tumor suppressive response. Citation Format: Govindi Jayanika Samaranayake, Clara Issabella Troccoli, Tyler Andrew Cunningham, Priyamvada Rai. MTH1 Inhibition as an effective tumor-suppressive strategy in RAS-driven cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
Role of Renal Drug Exposure in Polymyxin B-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Despite dose-limiting nephrotoxic potentials, polymyxin B has reemerged as the last line of therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the handling of polymyxin B by the kidneys is still not thoroughly understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of renal polymyxin B exposure on nephrotoxicity and to explore the role of megalin in renal drug accumulation. Sprague-Dawley rats (225 to 250 g) were divided into three dosing groups, and polymyxin B was administered (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg) subcutaneously once daily. The onset of nephrotoxicity over 7 days and renal drug concentrations 24 h after the first dose were assessed. The effects of sodium maleate (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on megalin homeostasis were evaluated by determining the urinary megalin concentration and electron microscopic study of renal tissue. The serum/renal pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B were assessed in megalin-shedding rats. The onset of nephrotoxicity was correlated with the daily dose of polymyxin B. Renal polymyxin B concentrations were found to be 3.6 ± 0.4 μg/g, 9.9 ± 1.5 μg/g, and 21.7 ± 4.8 μg/g in the 5-mg/kg, 10-mg/kg, and 20-mg/kg dosing groups, respectively. In megalin-shedding rats, the serum pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B remained unchanged, but the renal exposure was attenuated by 40% compared to that of control rats. The onset of polymyxin B-induced nephrotoxicity is correlated with the renal drug exposure. In addition, megalin appears to play a pivotal role in the renal accumulation of polymyxin B, which might contribute to nephrotoxicity.
Counting Apples and Oranges With Deep Learning: A Data-Driven Approach

This paper describes a fruit counting pipeline based on deep learning that accurately counts fruit in unstructured environments. Obtaining reliable fruit counts is challenging because of variations in appearance due to illumination changes and occlusions from foliage and neighboring fruits. We propose a novel approach that uses deep learning to map from input images to total fruit counts. The pipeline utilizes a custom crowdsourcing platform to quickly label large data sets. A blob detector based on a fully convolutional network extracts candidate regions in the images. A counting algorithm based on a second convolutional network then estimates the number of fruits in each region. Finally, a linear regression model maps that fruit count estimate to a final fruit count. We analyze the performance of the pipeline on two distinct data sets of oranges in daylight, and green apples at night, utilizing human generated labels as ground truth. We also show that the pipeline has a short training time and performs well with a limited data set size. Our method generalizes across both data sets and is able to perform well even on highly occluded fruits that are challenging for human labelers to annotate.
Endovascular Management of Proximal Fixation Loss Using Parallel Stent Grafting Techniques to Preserve Visceral Flow

Background Proximal fixation loss following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) creates a clinical dilemma. Typically, endovascular salvage requires adequate aortic neck below the renal arteries, in cases with no infrarenal neck proximal extension into the paravisceral aorta using parallel grafts provides an alternative to open graft explant. We present our experience at a tertiary care center with endovascular management of proximal fixation loss following EVAR using parallel stent grafting techniques to preserve renal and visceral branches. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective review of our type I endoleak database. Of 135 patients, 19 patients were identified that required Ch-EVAR as a salvage procedure for loss of proximal fixation or seal after a previous EVAR. Data from all procedures, as well as the entire hospital course, and documented follow-up were captured and analyzed. Results The average age of the cohort was 83 (78–88) years. The average time from original EVAR to secondary treatment was 6.05 years. The most common primary endograft treated was the AneuRx stent graft at 37% (n = 7). Ninety-five percent of patients were treated for an expanding aneurysm sac with 21% of patients being symptomatic at the time of treatment. Open femoral access was used more commonly than a percutaneous approach (n = 14 vs. 5). Adjunctive proximal arterial access was required in 58% of cases; open axillary exposure (n = 4), percutaneous brachial (n = 4), and open brachial (n = 3) access. Eighteen patients received proximal cuffs in addition to parallel stent grafts, whereas 1 patient required an entire endograft relining in addition to the parallel visceral stents. Twenty-nine total parallel stent grafts were placed, most commonly in a single renal artery (n = 27). Primary technical success was achieved in 100% of cases with exclusion of all type IA endoleaks. Reintervention was required for 1 patient for a new type III endoleak. There was an average follow-up time of 520.5 days with 100% snorkel patency. Conclusions Although technically challenging, endovascular salvage of proximal fixation failure after EVAR is possible with extension to the paravisceral aorta using parallel graft techniques. Parallel chimney stent treatment for proximal fixation failure following EVAR can be performed with high technical success, low need for reintervention, and excellent midterm patency rates. Given these findings, chimney stent treatment should be considered the primary mode of therapy for those patients with limited life span and extensive medical comorbidities.
BORON BASED HGF MEMETIC MOLECULE HAS CARDIOPROTECTIVE ROLE AGAINST ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY

Background: Synthetic boron based hepatocyte growth factor memetic (HGF-m) may have a ischemic preconditioning effect on cardiomyocytes. Methods: Freshly isolated adult cardiomyocytes (ACM) were incubated overnight with/or without different concentrations of HGF-m. The cells were then subjected to
Project-based learning resources: Transitioning skills to experience and application

In the one-shot world of library instruction, the thought of producing an actual product after an hour of instruction seems to be an improbable, if not impossible, task. However, the change in the expectation in the last ten years concerning the deepening understanding of instructional design, learning outcomes, assessment and evaluation, and embedded curriculum has led to new frontiers (and challenges) in how, why, and what librarians teach. The precious one hour of library instruction should be no more. A new horizon of deeper learning, strategizing and cultivating critical thoughts, and framing the legitimate work as the new paradigm can have a place in our professional culture.
Nonlinear PID-Like Controllers for Rigid-Body Attitude Stabilization

Globally asymptotically stabilizing control laws are derived for rigid spacecraft attitude regulation. Two different approaches are introduced, one that seeks to derive a PID-like controller through a special Lyapunov function construction involving quadratic cross state weighting and the other via recursive passivation. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the performance of the two control laws. We show that the recursive passivation based controller (Controller #2) requires the knowledge of the inertia matrix for the controller implementation while the Lyapunov construction based controller (Controller #1) only needs the upper bound of the inertia matrix.
Piaget's Theory and the Visually Handicapped Learner:

Research based on the writings of Piaget indicates that the cognitive functioning of the visually impaired child is slower to develop than that of his sighted counterpart. In addition, there may be...
Field-flow fractionation of biological materials

Most biological fractionation problems require techniques which perform rapid separations of delicate components without inflicting denaturation or loss of activity. The larger the components, the fewer are the methods available for this task.
Introduction and Commentary: Child Abuse as an International Issue

This chapter introduces Cross-Cultural Perspectives in Child Abuse, the paper by C. Henry Kempe that is the focus of this section, and summarizes the commentaries written in response to this paper.
EVALUATION OF SOIL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF SEEDCORN MAGGOTS, 2002

Seed treatments and planting-time insecticides were tested in a loam soil near Ames, IA for their ability to protect seeds/seedlings against Seedcorn maggot (SM) injury. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied to 20-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. To attract ovipositing flies, a meat-and-bone meal bait was applied to shallow furrows, hand-made with hoes. The bait was hand applied (ca.1/3 oz/row-ft) to the bottom of the open seed furrow on 23 Apr. Corn seeds were hand planted (8-inch seed spacing) directly into the bait on 30 Apr. Granular insecticide treatments were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a small-plot bicycle applicator. Capture 2EC and Regent 4SC liquid insecticides were applied with a small-plot bicycle applicator operated at 3 mph. A 250067 nozzle, turned almost parallel to the row, provided a spray covering the entire seed furrow; 25 psi delivered 4 gpa of finished spray. Seeds were covered with soil and the soil firmed by hand. On 21 May, stand counts were taken from 15 ft of row. Seeds/seedlings from two 1-m sections of row were inspected for SM feeding and rated on the following 1-4 damage scale: (1) seed/seedling undamaged, (2) seed/seedling damaged, but plant established, (3) seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress, (4) seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment.
Obstetric Comorbidity and Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Massachusetts Delivery Hospitalizations, 1998-2013.

The rate of severe maternal morbidity in the United States increased approximately 200% during 1993–2014. Few studies have reported on the health of the entire pregnant population, including women at low risk for maternal morbidity. This information might be useful for interventions aimed at primary prevention of pregnancy complications. To better understand this, we sought to describe the distribution of comorbid risk among all delivery hospitalizations in Massachusetts and its association with the distribution of severe maternal morbidity. Using an existing algorithm, we assigned an obstetric comorbidity index (OCI) score to delivery hospitalizations contained in the Massachusetts pregnancy to early life longitudinal (PELL) data system during 1998–2013. We identified which hospitalizations included severe maternal morbidity and calculated the rate and frequency of these hospitalizations by OCI score. During 1998–2013, PELL contained 1,185,182 delivery hospitalizations; of these 5325 included severe maternal morbidity. Fifty-eight percent of delivery hospitalizations had an OCI score of zero. The mean OCI score increased from 0.60 in 1998 to 0.82 in 2013. Hospitalizations with an OCI score of zero comprised approximately one-third of all deliveries complicated by severe maternal morbidity, but had the lowest rate of severe maternal morbidity (22.8/10,000 delivery hospitalizations). The mean OCI score increased during the study period, suggesting that an overall increase in risk factors has occurred in the pregnant population in Massachusetts. Interventions that can make small decreases to the mean OCI score could have a substantial impact on the number of deliveries complicated by severe maternal morbidity. Additionally, all delivery facilities should be prepared for severe complications during low-risk deliveries.
Does withholding an ACE inhibitor or ARB before surgery improve outcomes

Robert Jackman, MD Cascades East Family Medicine Residency, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Andrew Hamilton, MS, MLS Cascades East Family Medicine Residency, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
Application of treatment fidelity in tailored caregiver interventions

Demonstrations of the effectiveness of interventions requires evidence that the model can be implemented with fidelity. Caregiving interventions that are tailored to the individual or family requir...
Qualitative Assessment of Four Types of Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomical Tibial Bone Models Compared to Commercially Available Models.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare technical and physical features of four three-dimensional printed bone models used for teaching purposes to commercial models. Study Design A canine tibia was imaged using computed tomography and used for model development. Tibial models were printed using Resin, polylactide acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). They were compared with two commercial models (SAWBONES 2117 and 2108). Models were drilled in three locations and then cut transversely. Subjective quality of models, time and cost of production were compared. Results Print time was approximately 3 hours for Resin and 4 hours for each of the PLA, ABS and HIPS models. Unlike the Resin and SAWBONES, the PLA, HIPS and ABS had higher heat generation during both drilling and cutting with mild construct deformation at cut surfaces in ABS and PLA models. Characteristics of real bone during drilling and cutting were best simulated in decreasing order by Resin, PLA, ABS and HIPS followed by SAWBONES 2117 and 2108 models. Material costs were $14.6 (Resin), $0.48 (PLA/ABS), $1.52 (HIPS), $23.50 and $17.50 for SAWBONES 2117 and 2108 per model, respectively. Resin performed best and had the closest subjective tactile properties to real bone. Conclusion The three-dimensional printed tibial bone models provide a cost-effective alternative to commercially available bone models in veterinary medicine as teaching models.
Assessment of Anxiety

In addition to the assessment methods described in Chap. 7, there are specific methods, procedures, and instruments to assess anxiety symptoms and disorders. The assessment of anxiety should also be considered from the contextual approach of developmental psychopathology discussed in Chaps. 1 and 2. In this chapter, discussion of methods specific to anxiety and anxiety disorders will be presented and integrated with developmental psychopathology concepts. A case example will be provided that describes the referral questions, the assessment procedures used, diagnostic conclusions, and potential recommendations.
College Athletes Under Pressure: Eating Disorders Among Female Track and Field Athletes:

Eating disorders are a widespread problem for college female athletes. This article builds on this research by collecting survey data from female college track and field athletes at 30 universities...
Molecular epidemiology of a fatal sarcoptic mange epidemic in endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica)

In 2013, sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites, precipitated a catastrophic decline of the formerly stable urban population of endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) in Bakersfield, California, USA. In 2019, a smaller sarcoptic mange outbreak affected kit foxes 58 km southwest of Bakersfield in the town of Taft, California. To determine whether the Taft outbreak could have occurred as spillover from the Bakersfield outbreak and whether epidemic control efforts must involve not only kit foxes but also sympatric dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), coyotes (Canis latrans), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), we evaluated genotypes and gene flow among mites collected from each host species. We used 10 Sarcoptes microsatellite markers (SARM) to perform molecular typing of 445 S. scabiei mites collected from skin scrapings from twenty-two infested kit foxes, two dogs, five coyotes, and five red foxes from Bakersfield, Taft, and other nearby cities. We identified 60 alleles across all SARM loci; kit fox- and red fox-derived mites were relatively monomorphic, while genetic variability was greatest in Bakersfield coyote- and dog-derived mites. AMOVA analysis documented distinct mite populations unique to hosts, with an overall FST of 0.467. The lowest FST (i.e. closest genetic relationship, FST = 0.038) was between Bakersfield and Taft kit fox-derived mites while the largest genetic difference was between Ventura coyote- and Taft kit fox-derived mites (FST = 0.843). These results confirm the close relationship between the Taft and Bakersfield outbreaks. Although a spillover event likely initiated the kit fox mange outbreak, mite transmission is now primarily kit fox-to-kit fox. Therefore, any large-scale population level intervention should focus on treating kit foxes within the city.
Hassle Exposure and Reactivity Links with Obesogenic Health Behaviors.

Objectives: In this study, we explored associations between daily "hassles" (irritating inconveniences) and obesogenic health behaviors of college students. Methods: Students (N = 406, 62% female) completed a survey including the 5-point Brief College Student Hassle Scale which quantifies hassles experienced in the last month in 9 domains (eg, preparing meals, exercising, adequate sleep) and hassle reactivity (ie, upset from hassles), with scores categorized as low ( 3.5). Results: Females had significantly (p < .05) greater hassles in all domains than males, except for work, personal relationships, and living environment. ANOVA revealed both sexes in the high hassle exposure groups tended to have poorer eating behaviors than the low hassle exposure group. Additionally, high hassle exposure females and males slept less, and had poorer sleep quality, satisfaction with life, and physical and mental health than lower hassle exposure groups. Multiple linear regression analyses examining associations of hassle exposures and hassle reactivity with each health behavior, adjusted for sex and body mass index, revealed all models were statistically significant, except fruit and vegetable intake. Conclusions: Lower hassle during college is associated with healthier weight-related behaviors and better health status. Future nutrition interventions targeting college students may be strengthened by incorporating strategies for effectively coping with daily hassles.
Coal mine entry rating system: A case study

Abstract Coal mines are continuously seeking to determine the performance of entries with different ground control products and installation methods. There are many factors that impact how an entry will perform which include but are not limited to geology, overburden, bolting type and pattern, and mine design. At the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), research has been instituted to examine the relationship of the parts of a coal mine entry as a system and not as individual components. To study this relationship, the first step in this study was to create a numeric rating system that accurately reflects visual observations of the mine entry and is easy to implement. NIOSH researchers devised this rating system to improve upon previous ideas, offering increased flexibility which can be incorporated into an overall entry condition that offers different levels of confidence based on the user’s time devoted to the inspection. This new entry rating system was implemented at three different mines over varying periods of time to evaluate the ground response to the geology, bolt installation pattern, stress changes by mining, overburden, and time dependency.
A Phase II Trial of Escalated Dose Proton Radiotherapy With Elective Nodal Irradiation and Concomitant Chemotherapy for Patients with Unresectable, Borderline Resectable or Medically Inoperable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To report outcomes of a phase II single-institution trial of escalated dose proton therapy with elective nodal irradiation and concomitant chemotherapy for patients with unresectable, borderline resectable, or medically inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients were treated to 40.5 GyE in 18 fractions to gross disease and elective nodal volumes with a 22.5 GyE in a 10-fraction boost to gross disease, for a total of 63 GyE. Oral capecitabine (1000mg orally twice a day) was given on radiation treatment days. The primary objective of this study was to achieve a 1-year overall survival rate of 75%. Secondary objectives included assessing gastrointestinal toxicity and patient quality of life during treatment, as well as evaluating the safety of subsequent surgical resection. The single-institution study was closed to accrual once opened as the multicenter PAN009-18 trial by the Proton Collaborative Group. RESULTS At enrollment, 10 (67%) of patients were unresectable, 3 (20%) were borderline, and 2 (13%) refused surgery. Thirteen patients (87%) had previously received chemotherapy. All 15 patients successfully completed radiation therapy as prescribed. With regard to toxicity, a single patient experienced grade 3 nausea requiring cessation of capecitabine, which ultimately resolved at treatment completion. All other patients received concurrent capecitabine for the duration of their radiotherapy treatment. Radiation did not result in any other significant gastrointestinal toxicity during or after treatment. Median percentage weight loss during treatment was -3.0% (-9.6% - +12.0%). Two (13%) initially borderline patients ultimately underwent resection. Their total operating room times were 267 and 410 minutes; blood loss was 700mL and 400mL. Neither patient experienced intraoperative or postoperative complications. Both patients were discharged on postoperative day six. Median follow-up was 0.93 years (0.21-2.14). The 1-year overall survival rate was 47%. Three enrolled patients are currently alive: 2 with no evidence of disease and 1 with stable disease. One patient died of intercurrent disease. Of the remaining 11 patients who died following tumor recurrence, only 3 failed locally, with the remaining 8 failing distantly. CONCLUSION Protocol therapy was well-tolerated. Patients undergoing surgery did not experience operative or perioperative complications - suggesting that patients with borderline resectable or even resectable disease may benefit from this regimen as neoadjuvant therapy. The Proton Collaborative Group will test this premise as patients accrue to the multicenter PAN009-18 trial.