cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ear to Rectal Temperature Measurements in Infants and Toddlers

The purpose of this study was to compare arterial heat balance ear temperature measurements to rectal temperatures in infants and children and to determine the ability of the ear thermometer being tested to detect fever. From 12/95 to 2/96, 1,175 pairs of ear and rectal temperature measurements were prospectively obtained from 140 infants and toddlers. The mean rectal temperature was 37.58 degrees C (sd = 0.68) and the mean ear temperature was 37.60 degrees C (sd = 0.85). However, at the low end of the rectal temperature scale, ear temperatures tended to be higher, and at the high end of the rectal temperature scale, ear temperatures tended to be lower. There were 292 readings with a rectal temperature > or = 38.0 degrees C and in 204 (70%) the ear temperature was also > or = 38.0 degrees C. A retrospective analysis of 53 children who became febrile in hospital (ear or rectal temperature > or = 38.0 degrees C) showed that fever was detected first by rectal measurement in seven, by ear measurement in 31 (59%), and by both in 15 (28%). These data indicate that, on the average, rectal and ear temperature measurements are not different. Fever that developed in children after hospitalization was more likely to be first detected by ear than by rectal measurement.
X-ray evidence for a "super"-secondary structure in silk fibers.

X-ray studies on degummed B. mori silk fibers and on hydrogels prepared under a variety of conditions reveal moderately small angle reflections. These reflections are often highly oriented and are correlated to silk II lattice reflections. A superstructure can explain these features. Silk fibroin hydrogels were monitored as they dried to form the silk II structure. The silk II wide angle and moderately small angle patterns obtained from dried hydrogels and silk fibers are identical. The “superstructure” reflections at moderately small angle (3−7 nm) were first to appear, followed by the “intersheet” spacing, and then the remainder of the silk II wide angle scattering pattern. Thus, any superstructure hypothesized for the hydrogels (and for Silk II in fibers) must be both stable in a highly hydrated environment and must convert to silk II with little large scale diffusion. A folded structure, similar to amyloids and cross-β-sheets but with much longer β-strand stems, is proposed for silk II in fibers.
Some Useful Representations for Constrained Mixed-Model Estimation

Abstract Mixed-model computations can be accomplished efficiently by using the Henderson mixed-model equations. An augmented version of the equations is developed for the case where there are constraints on the fixed effects. Equations comparable to the conjugate normal equations are also developed. These equations are useful for direct computation and, in the case of patterned designs, lend themselves well to algebraic simplification.
Leveraging informatics, mobile health technologies and biobanks to treat each patient right

Personalized medicine is the future of clinical care. Many interpret this to mean that advances in genomic medicine will revolutionize care. However, the reality is much more complex, relying on a combination of health technology, patient engagement, genomics, basic sciences and decision-support tools to move the field forward. There are a number of instances in which providers and researchers have already made significant progress toward the goal, yet the advances often occur in isolation and are not widely acknowledged. With appropriate investment, coordination and vision, the present state can be leveraged to change our approach to a given patient within the next few years. Here we demonstrate how currently available informatics, mobile health technology and biobanking solutions can support personalization of care in the near term, and lead to the development of a learning health system.
A chloro amino acid from Amanita solitaria

Abstract The mushroom Amanita solitaria contains in excess of 1000 ppm 2( S )-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid (I), 300 ppm trans -2-amino-5-chloro-4-hexenoic acid (II), and a chloride ion concentration (2000 ppm) significantly greater than that found in other basidiomycetes. I can be converted into II in hydrochloric acid, but II is not an artifact of isolation.
Night Time Shape Recognition of Reflectorized Warning Plates as a Function of Full Reflectorization, Borders Only Reflectorization and Target Brightness:

A study, using 11 subjects sitting in a stationary car on an unused airport runway with low beams on, was conducted to determine the distance at which a shape coded, white, reflectorized warning plate can be recognized at night as a function of the amount of reflectorization (either fully reflectorized or borders only reflectorized) and as a function of target brightness. Recognition distances were recorded for a balanced and randomized combination of 30 experimental conditions consisting of 3 different specific intensity levels of target brightness (high, prismatic sheeting material, 1080 cd/fc/sg ft at .2 degree observation angle and −4 degrees entrance angle; medium, encapsulated lens, 305 cd/fc/sq ft; and low, embedded or enclosed lens, 105 cd/fc/sq ft), 5 different target shapes of equal area (18 square inches, rectangle, square, triangle, circle and octagon), and two different types of reflectorization (targets that were fully reflectorized and targets that had only 4.25 square inches along their bo...
Impact of post-oxidation annealing on low-frequency noise, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing of p-channel MOSFETs

The impact of post-oxidation annealing on the low-frequency noise, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing of p-channel MOSFET is reported. The low-frequency noise is improved significantly with post-oxidation annealing and a modest V/sub T/ and S reduction is observed. Oxide traps are primarily extracted from measured noise. They are also extracted from threshold voltage and subthreshold slope shift. The contribution of oxide traps to threshold voltage shift and 1/f noise is analyzed through quantitative approach in the light of correlated fluctuation theory. Analysis on experimental results shed light on the well-known controversy about the origin of low-frequency noise, suggesting that experimental results are in agreement with mobility fluctuation theory whereas correlated number fluctuation theory explains the result assuming only a fraction of total oxide charge at a given energy level participates in the generation of low-frequency noise.
SHAPIRO ON LEGAL POSITIVISM AND JOINTLY INTENTIONAL ACTIVITY

I. LEGAL POSITIVISM AND JOINTLY INTENTIONAL ACTIONShapiro asks: “[W]hat ultimately makes it the case that a particular legal system has a particular authority structure?” (p. 388).1. This is a revised version of my response to Scott Shapiro’s Law, Plans, and Practical Reason address at the Yale Workshop on Participation and Commitment in Law, Politics, and Morality (October, 2001). Parenthetical page references are to Shapiro’s paper on p. 387 in this issue. “The legal positivist answer,” Shapiro notes, “would not point to a moral fact but rather to a social fact.” In the case Shapiro highlights, for example, the legal “positivist would argue that it is simply true by legal convention that the United States Constitution is the law of the United States” (p. 388). Shapiro aims at developing a novel version of this answer. On his view, the determinants of legal authority are certain structures of intentions and plans embedded in jointly intentional activities in which relevant legal officials are engaged. The problem of legal authority is in part a problem in the philosophy of social action.2. Shapiro is not alone in taking some such tack. Both Jules Coleman and Christopher Kutz, in part under Shapiro’s influence, have also pursued related ideas. Coleman, THE PRACTICE OF PRINCIPLE (Oxford, 2001), see lecture 7; Kutz, The Judicial Community, 11 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES 442-469 (2001). Coleman appeals to a strong form of shared activity, namely shared cooperative activity; Kutz appeals to a rather weak form of collective activity. The jointly intentional activity to which Shapiro appeals is in a middle ground here.
Temperature dependence of surface plasmon and breakdown for thin and thick silicon-dioxide

Abstract The anode hole injection oxide breakdown model based upon surface plasmons is presented. The increase in conductance at bias voltages near the surface plasmon energy is observed on metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors. The surface plasmon excitation threshold energy decreases with increasing temperature which causes the positive charge generation to increase and the charge to breakdown to decrease. Therefore, the anode hole injection model based upon surface plasmons is a reasonable thin oxide breakdown model that confirms experimental observations.
Trace elements in hair, as related to exposure in metropolitan New York

Previous studies have revealed that trace element concentrations in hair can reflect exposure in cases of frank poisoning and deficiency. This study reports significant correlations within a single metropolitan area between trace-element content of hair and exposure (as measured by analyses for the corresponding elements in dustfall or housedust) for Ba, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sn, and V. Age, sex, hair color, and smoking habits were factors included in the statistical evaluation. Several metals increase and decrease together in the hair specimens, in agreement with trends reported for other human tissues.
Removal of nitrite with sulfamic acid for nitrate N and O isotope analysis with the denitrifier method

In environmental water samples that contain both nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO), isotopic analysis of nitrate alone by all currently available methods requires pretreatment to remove nitrite. Sulfamic acid addition, used previously for this purpose (Wu JP, Calvert SE, Wong CS. Deep-SeaResearchPartI–OceanographicResearchPapers 1997; 44: 287), is shown here to be compatible with the denitrifier method for both N and O isotope analysis of nitrate. Sulfamic acid at a pH of ∼1.7 reduces nitrite to N2. Samples are then neutralized with base prior to isotope analysis, to alleviate the buffering demands of the bacterial media and as a precaution to prevent modification of nitrate during storage with the residual sulfamic acid at low pH. Under appropriate reaction conditions, nitrite is completely removed within minutes. Sulfamic acid treatment does not compromise the completeness of the conversion of nitrate into N2O or the precision and accuracy of N and O isotope measurements by the denitrifier method. Nitrite concentrations upwards of 7 times the ambient nitrate can be removed without affecting the isotope composition of nitrate. The method is applied to analyses of the coupled N and O isotopes of nitrate and nitrite in waters of the Mexican Margin, to illustrate its efficacy and utility when employed either in the field upon sample collection or in the lab after months of frozen sample storage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Policy-Related Research Issues and Perspectives

Relative to the education of children and youth with autism spectrum disorders, this article discusses the need to connect research and policy. Included in the discussion are issues related to selecting and implementing use of research and evidence-based practices with students with autism-related disabilities and the need for appropriately trained educational professionals. Discussion of these issues is accompanied by recommendations for action.
Impact of dieting status and dietary restraint on postexercise energy intake in overweight women.

Objective: To investigate the unknown relationship between dieting status and dietary restraint on postexercise energy intake (PE-EI) in overweight sedentary women after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Specifically, this was investigated in women who were categorized as dieting with high restraint, nondieting with high restraint, or nondieting with low restraint. Research Methods and Procedures: This study consisted of two experimental conditions, exercise (E) and nonexercise (NE) in a counterbalanced-crossover design on 2 different days. On the E day, the subjects participated in moderate-intensity exercise, walking on a treadmill for 60 minutes at 60% to 70% of their maximum heart rate. PE-EI at lunch and 12 hours after was compared on the E and an NE day. Dietary restraint was determined using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Results: Participants (n = 36) were 26 ± 7 years of age, sedentary, and had a mean body mass index of 27 ± 3 kg/m2. There was a significant interaction (F(2,33) = 3.32, p = 0.049) of dieting/restraint status and condition (E vs. NE day) on 12-hour EI. The mean difference in 12-hour EI between the E and the NE day was significantly higher (p < 0.01) for the dieting with high restraint than for the nondieting with high restraint. Discussion: The results of this study demonstrate that dieting status, high dietary restraint, and higher levels of disinhibition may influence PE-EI in overweight women after a bout of moderate-intensity physical activity.
A Study Of Customer Interface In E-Banking In China

With the accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO), banking in the country is anticipated to be fully liberalized by 2007. Banks in China are accordingly reforming their businesses, in order to address challenges from foreign banks and to compete effectively in a liberalized economy. Banking on the Internet is frequently considered by the financial industry as a critical differential in a global economy. This study explores Web sites of key Chinese banks on building blocks of e-Banking customer interface, consisting of context, content, communication, connection, community, customization and commerce, and evaluates the readiness of China for 21 st century competitive e-Banking. The study contributes insight that can benefit business directors in banks in China in attempting to improve their e-Banking strategy in the growing global market.
A Multi-Variable Approach to Determine the “Best” Gear Design

Gear design requires the designer to compromise many design variables in order to determine best performance of a gear set. Unfortunately the designer has a multiplicity of goals including keeping both bending and pitting stresses under an allowable value, minimizing scoring, achieving minimum efficiency and trying to minimize noise. This latter response variable is rarely considered in the initial gear design. In this work is considered to be one of the more important design considerations. One approach to multi-variable gear design that has been tried is design optimization. Usually optimization techniques are limited in the number of variables that can be handled and with so many response variables it is difficult to come up with an objective function that reflects the considerations of a real gear designer. In this paper we will present a simulation-based approach to gear design that allows the designer to essentially "run all of the case". The simulation accounts for the true load distribution of the gears when computing response variables. Also, such factor as manufacturing tolerances may be included in the simulation so that truly robust designs may be obtained. Rather than using an objective function approach, design are analyzed with a dominance filter that assesses each response variable in a manner that results in the "best" design. After these "best" design are found, an interactive viewer allows the selection of those design that best meet the designer’s goals with regard to all design variables. Several examples will be presented in this paper. In each case, over 65,000 designs are evaluated and the dominance filter results in from 200 to 900 successful designs depending on the tolerances that are applied. After sorting with the viewer the designer usually ends up with from 5 to 20 designs whose features may vary significant, but have similar performances. NOMENCLATURE
Increasing radiation dose improves immunotherapy outcome and prolongation of tumor dormancy in a subgroup of mice treated for advanced intracerebral melanoma

Previously, we developed a clinically relevant therapy model for advanced intracerebral B16 melanomas in syngeneic mice combining radiation and immunotherapies. Here, 7 days after B16-F10-luc2 melanoma cells were implanted intracerebrally (D7), syngeneic mice with bioluminescent tumors that had formed (1E10(5) to 7E10(6) photons per minute (>1E10(6), large; <1E10(6), small) were segregated into large-/small-balanced subgroups. Then, mice received either radiation therapy alone (RT) or radiation therapy plus immunotherapy (RT plus IT) (single injection of mAbPC61 to deplete regulatory T cells followed by multiple injections of irradiated granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor transfected B16-F10 cells) (RT plus IT). Radiation dose was varied (15, 18.75 or 22.5 Gy, given on D8), while immunotherapy was provided similarly to all mice. The data support the hypothesis that increasing radiation dose improves the outcome of immunotherapy in a subgroup of mice. The tumors that were greatly delayed in beginning their progressive growth were bioluminescent in vivo-some for many months, indicating prolonged tumor "dormancy," in some cases presaging long-term cures. Mice bearing such tumors had far more likely received radiation plus immunotherapy, rather than RT alone. Radiotherapy is a very important adjunct to immunotherapy; the greater the tumor debulking by RT, the greater should be the benefit to tumor immunotherapy.
Behind the Castle Walls: Balancing Privacy and Security in Domestic Abuse Cases

In this paper, adapted from the Ruth Bader Ginsburg keynote lecture at the Ninth Annual Women and the Law Conference at the Thomas Jefferson School of Law, Professor Cheryl Hanna examines the concept that a man's home is his castle as it relates to the historical doctrine of chastisement and modern Supreme Court Cases which implicate domestic violence. She reviews the cases of Myra Bradwell and Tracy Thurman, as well as Georgia v. Randolph, Castle Rock v. Gonzales, and Lawrence v. Texas. She argues that while the Court continues to use this language to support arguments in favor of privacy, Professor Hanna looks skeptically on this rationale for privacy in the context of intimate relationships. Instead, she argues that the law should abandon a man's home is his castle and instead focus on the due process liberty interest in individual autonomy as articulated in the reproductive rights cases and more recently in Lawrence v. Texas.
Bionomics of tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchard ground cover

Tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), larval movement, host utilization, and spatial and temporal distribution were examined in ground covers of apple orchards in south-central Pennsylvania. Larvae were placed in arenas 0 or 30-50 cm from host material of dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber, or fallen apples in the autumn. The number and location of exuvia were recorded in the spring. Survival was greater on dandelion than on fallen apples with neither the distance nor distance by host effects being significant. Larval fitness was measured on apple root suckers; broadleaf weeds; tall fescue, Festuca acundinacea Schreber 'Kentucky 31'; and dead organic matter (fallen leaves and apples). Survival and adult weight were low on dead organic matter. Adult weight was low for larvae caged on tall fescue. Larval density before and after orchard raking and mowing was examined. Raking moved larvae into the tree row middles, although raking and mowing did not cause significant mortality. In a 2-yr orchard survey, larval density declined 85% between autumn and spring samples. Larval distribution in ground cover zones varied by season. In the autumn, most larvae were in the herbicide strip and associated with fallen leaves and root suckers. In the spring, 1/3 of the larvae were located in the border between the herbicide strip and the drive row (tree row middles), and association with fallen leaves was still strong. In the summer, larval distribution was most uniform between zones and larvae were associated with root suckers and broadleaf weeds. Ground cover management tactics are discussed.
A survey of Mn-rich yellow tourmaline from worldwide localities and implications for the petrogenesis of granitic pegmatites

Yellow to yellow-green tourmaline was analyzed from granitic pegmatites in Zambia, Madagascar, Russia, Mozambique, the United States, Nepal, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Yellow tourmaline is predominantly Mn-rich (> 3 wt.% MnO) elbaite and “fluor-elbaite”. Though rare, yellow rossmanite and “fluor-rossmanite” from Mozambique also occur. Overall, the MnO content ranges from 3.09 to 8.90 wt.%. The FeO contents are less than 1 wt.%, and most are very low (< 0.09 wt.% FeO). Relative to typical pale-colored tourmaline, all have elevated TiO2 (average 0.28 wt.%). The absence of other chromophoric elements suggests that the yellow to yellow-green coloration is due to a Mn2+–Ti4+ intervalence charge-transfer interaction, which is consistent with earlier spectroscopic studies. Increasing Fe content progressively darkens yellow tourmaline toward hues of green, blue and black; increasing Ti results in a brownish color. Yellow tourmaline is a rare late-stage magmatic to miarolitic-cavity-stage mineral that requires very specific conditions to form. Its presence implies that the original pegmatite-forming melt must be relatively low in Fe and enriched in Mn and B. During an early stage of crystallization, Fe must be removed, but abundant B, Mn and traces of Ti must still be available during the late stages of pegmatite formation to crystallize yellow elbaite, “fluor-elbaite”, rossmanite or “fluor-rossmanite”.
Challenges to Healthy Eating Practices: A Qualitative Study of Non-Hispanic Black Men Living With Diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore current dietary practices and perceived barriers to healthy eating in non-Hispanic black men with type 2 diabetes.MethodsFour 90-minute focus groups held in September and October 2011 were led by a trained moderator with a written guide to facilitate discussion on dietary practices and barriers to healthy eating. Participants were recruited from the diabetes database at a public safety-net health system in Jefferson County, Alabama. Two-independent reviewers performed content analysis to identify major themes using a combined deductive and inductive approach.ResultsThere were 34 male participants aged 18 years and older. Mean years living with diabetes was 9.6 ± 5.9. Sixty-two percent of participants perceived themselves to be in fair or poor health. Participants’ self-reported eating practices did not always relate to hunger. Internal cues to eat included habit and response to emotions, and external cues to eat included media messaging, medication regimens,...
Production of renal hypertension in adrenalectomized dogs on constant hormone replacement therapy.

SummaryThis study assessed the importance of increased aldosterone secretion secondary to acute activation of the renin-angiotensin system for development of chronic one-kidney renal hypertension. In dogs with intact adrenals, reduction of renal blood flow by 5560% promptly produced mild chronic hypertension. The onset of hypertension was associated with transient sodium retention and hyperreninemia, but plasma volume did not change. Although mineralocorticoid hypersecretion was impossible in adrenalectomized dogs maintained with constant steroid therapy, hypertension was still successfully produced. In contrast to the dogs with intact adrenals, hypertension in the adrenalectqmized group was characterized by chronically increased plasma renin activity, and plasma volume. The results indicate that hypersecretion of mineralocorticoid hormones during the early high renin phase is not essential for production of chronic one-kidney renal hypertension .
402 MUTATIONS IN THE VON HIPPEL-LANDAU TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN CONFER RESISTANCE TO IONIZING RADIATION.

Purpose Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has historically been regarded as a radiation-resistant malignancy, and radiotherapy has no current role in the management of primary tumors. The von Hippel-Landau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene has been shown to have a role in UV-radiation protection and is frequently mutated in a high percentage of RCCs. This study investigated the radiation sensitivity of RCC cell lines with point mutations in the VHL gene associated with disease to determine if VHL mutational status is associated with radiation resistance. Methods The renal cell line 786-0 was stably transfected with wild-type VHL, or V84L, Y98H, F119S, L188Q, or L188V VHL mutations. Radiation sensitivity was determined by irradiating cells in 96-well plates at 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy, followed by a 5-day incubation and assaying viability with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide reduction. VHL protein expression was determined by immunoblotting after radiation treatment. Results Radiation had similar effects on all cell lines regardless of VHL status, except for L188V, which was significantly more radiation resistant than the other cell lines. VHL protein expression was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner with radiation only in the L188V mutant line. Conclusions Preliminary data suggest that the response of RCC cell lines to radiation may depend on the specific VHL mutation. Studies are currently in progress to determine if radiation induces microRNAs that may be associated with differences in VHL expression.
Detection of serum differential expression of the protein by SELDI-TOF MS technology in esophageal carcinoma in Nantong China.

Objective:To analyze differential expression of the protein by SELDI-TOF-MS technology in esophageal carcinoma. Methods: Serum protein from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls were detected by Surface-Enhanced laser desorption Ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS).The group with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls were analyzed using WCX2 protein chip to select potential biomarkers. Ciphergen software was used to identify proteomic features. Results: To compare the group with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with controls, there were 6 proteins with a significant statistical difference(P0.05).Two highly expressed potential biomarker were identified with the relative molecular weights of 5910 and 11681, four low expressed potential biomarker were 4623,5012,5809 and 9422. Conclusion: SELDI-TOF-MS Protein chip technology is a quick, easy, convenient, and high output analyzing method that it is capable of selecting several relatively specific, potential biomarkers from the serum of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and may have clinical value.
Clinical and etiological analysis of 2457 pediatric cases with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Kun- ming regions

Objective To analyze the clinical and etiological characteristics of pediatric patients with a- cute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRI)in Kunming region.ALRI pathogens were studied in order to de- termine pathogen distribution of different age groups.Methods Nasal secretion samples were collected from 2457 ALRI cases for pathogen identification.Viral antigens were detected by direct and indirect immunofluo- rescent analyses.Results Five hundred and nine cases of 2457 patients were detected bacterial infection posi- tive(20.6%);587 cases were viral infection positive(23.9%).Infection rates were 56.6%,46.8%,41.7% and 15.3% among neonates(～28 d),infants(～1 year),toddlers(～3 years),elderly children groups (～18 years)respectively.Mixed infections were found in 53 cases(4.8 %).There was statistical significance among different age groups mentioned above(P0.01).Bacterial pathogens identified from the 506 samples mainly consisted of the Gram-negative bacteria(83.0%)with the top three pathogens of E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacterium cloacae.Of 587 samples,550 samples were tested positive for the respiratory syncy- tial virus(RSV)antigen,accounting for 86.0% of the total respiratory virus antigens-positive,samples.No samples detected positive for influenza A virus(IFA)during recent two years.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria and respiratory syncytial virus were two main pathogens responsible for ALRI in children in Kunming region.Infection incidence decreases with age.Pathogen spectrum and seasonal distribution vary regionally.
JSP-DCPT hybrid algorithm by elitism evolution strategy

To solve Job-shop Scheduling Problem with Discretely Controllable Processing Times(JSP-DCPT),a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II)and Tabu Search(TS)algorithm based hybrid algorithm NSGAII-TS was put forward.On the premise of resources allocation,the decomposition strategy of solving control scheme first and then solving process plan was used in NSGAII-TS.NSGA-II was used for global optimization of population,and TS algorithm was used for local optimization of the new individuals in population.An extended coding method based on preferred list was presented,and elitism evolution strategy was adopted to participate in genetic evolution operation based on elitism preservation so that the optimum solution was obtained.The duplicate comparison of individuals in fast non-dominated sorting approach of NSGA-II was eliminated so that the time complexity of NSGA-II would be reduced.The simulation experiments indicated the effectiveness of NSGAII-TS algorithm.
Smart, Temperature-Responsive Surfaces

Covalent immobilization and subsequent characterization of thermally-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), pNIPAAM, on poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, surfaces are presented. Characterization of the pNIPAAM-terminated PMMA is achieved using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and contact angle goniometry. The pNIPAAM-terminated PMMA surfaces exhibit temperature-responsive wettability properties (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) and provide a promising surface for the temperature dependent adsorption/desorption of proteins, flow control of fluids, and cell recovery in micro-devices.
A characterization of the capacity region for network coding with dependent sources

In this work we characterize the capacity region for multi-source multi-terminal acyclic network coding with dependent information sources. We show that a full characterization of the capacity region can be derived in terms of entropy functions.
Decline in bone mineral density with stress fractures in a woman on depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. A case report.

This case report illustrates the potential development of osteoporosis and fractures with the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) a popular contraceptive among young women. The case of a physically active 33-year-old woman who received 150 mg DMPA intramuscularly every 10 weeks for a total of 3 injections is presented. She demonstrated a 12.4% drop in femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) a 6.4% drop in lumbar BMD and a 0.8% drop in total BMD with the subsequent development of a tibial stress fracture while on DMPA. Bone mineralization rapidly improved and stress fracture resolved with discontinuation of the medication. Women using DMPA are in a state of relative estrogen deficiency which may not be adequate to maintain BMD in some patients. The long-term effects of DMPA on bone mineralization in physically active women should be evaluated more thoroughly.
Droplet manipulations by dielectrowetting: Creating, transporting, splitting, and merging

This paper presents four droplet operations (creating, transporting, splitting and merging of droplets) actuated by dielectrowetting (not electrowetting), which fundamentally constitute a backbone of droplet-based digital microfluidics. These operations are successfully achieved for both non-conductive (dielectric) and conductive (DI water with/without surfactant) fluids in an open environment on a single plate. All these features are attributed to the dielectrowetting nature of superspreading. By contrast, electrowetting works only with conductive fluids, commonly in the two-plate (hundreds microns gap) channel environment. Particularly, splitting and creating by electrowetting have never been realized on a single plate. As for the present device, these successful operations significantly enhance digital microfluidics to work for a wide range of fluids, to simplify the required physical structures, and to increase the handing fluid volumes (otherwise limited by the two-plate gap).
Forget Me Not: The Rise of the British Literary Annual, 1823–1835

It is unfortunate that the first major monograph to study the literary annuals—books known for their material beauty—should look like a hardback textbook with a blurry, grayscale image from the fro...
Agencies, Courts, and the Limits of Balancing

Courts have struggled in several very different contexts to determine when a decision maker can consider costs that are not explicitly addressed in the governing statute. This issue arises when agencies decide whether to conduct a rulemaking or what rule to issue after a rulemaking. It also arises when courts decide whether to enjoin a violation of a statute or whether to vacate an administrative rule rather than simply remanding. Judicial opinions point in different directions and often ignore each other. This Article contends that the same principles should govern judicial and agency discretion to consider costs across all these categories. It articulates three such guiding principles. Finally, it argues that the one area of disparity between agencies and courts under current law should be resolved by bringing doctrines governing judicial discretion more in line with those governing agency discretion.
Trends in Health Insurance Coverage of Title X Family Planning Program Clients, 2005-2015.

Abstract Background: The federal Title X Family Planning Program supports the delivery of family planning services and related preventive care to 4 million individuals annually in the United States. The implementation of the 2010 Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Medicaid expansion and provisions expanding access to health insurance, which took effect in January 2014, resulted in higher rates of health insurance coverage in the U.S. population; the ACA's impact on individuals served by the Title X program has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Using administrative data we examined changes in health insurance coverage among Title X clinic patients during 2005–2015. Results: We found that the percentage of clients without health insurance decreased from 60% in 2005 to 48% in 2015, with the greatest annual decrease occurring between 2013 and 2014 (63% to 54%). Meanwhile, between 2005 and 2015, the percentage of clients with Medicaid or other public health insurance increased from 20% to 35% and the percentage of c...
Ion Conduction Through Sodium Channels in Planar Lipid Bilayers

Ion-permeable channels often derive their generic names from the specialized conductance and permeability properties they possess, the voltage-dependent Na+ channel being no exception. Apart from their use in identifying ion channels, measurements of ion selectivities and single-channel conductances also provide insight into the biophysical mechanisms underlying ion permeation through the channels. Such measurements and their interpretations may be ambiguous, even in the case of channels incorporated into the comparatively simple planar lipid bilayers. Using the voltage-dependent Na+ channel as an example, we show in this chapter that, even though the lipid bilayer system offers many experimental advantages, the determination and the analysis of single-channel conductance and permeability data are not always simple.
Spatially Correlated, Single Nanomaterial-Level Structural and Optical Profiling of Cu-Doped ZnO Nanorods Synthesized via Multifunctional Silicides

We demonstrate a straightforward and effective method to synthesize vertically oriented, Cu-doped ZnO nanorods (NRs) using a novel multipurpose platform of copper silicide nanoblocks (Cu3Si NBs) preformed laterally in well-defined directions on Si. The use of the surface-organized Cu3Si NBs for ZnO NR growth successfully results in densely assembled Cu-doped ZnO NRs on each NB platform, whose overall structures resemble thick bristles on a brush head. We show that Cu3Si NBs can uniquely serve as a catalyst for ZnO NRs, a local dopant source of Cu, and a prepatterned guide to aid the local assembly of the NRs on the growth substrate. We also ascertain the crystalline structures, optical properties, and spectroscopic signatures of the Cu-doped ZnO NRs produced on the NBs, both at each module of NRs/NB and at their ensemble level. Subsequently, we determine their augmented properties relative to the pristine form of undoped ZnO NRs and the source material of Cu3Si NBs. We provide spatially correlated structural and optical data for individual modules of Cu-doped ZnO NRs assembled on a Cu3Si NB by resolving them along the different positions on the NB. Ensemble-averaged versus individual behaviors of Cu-doped ZnO NRs on Cu3Si NBs are then compared. We further discuss the potential impact of such ZnO-derived NRs on their relatively unexplored biological and biomedical applications. Our efforts will be particularly useful when exploiting each integrated module of self-aligned, Cu-doped ZnO NRs on a NB as a discretely addressable, active element in solid-state sensors and miniaturized luminescent bioprobes.
Dynamic Choice and Rationality

The modern conception of rational choice under conditions of risk, as formulated in the expected utility theory of Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944), Herstein and Milnor (1953), Luce and Raiffa (1957), Arrow (1971), and others, presupposes that evaluations of gambles satisfy two very important requirements. The first is a context-free condition (CF) according to which the comparative evaluation of any two gambles g1 and g2 is to be independent of whatever other gambles are in the feasible set. Following Arrow (1959), Sen (1971, 1973), and others, this condition can be interpreted as a constraint on the choices to which such evaluations give rise. So interpreted, the context free requirement factors into what Sen (1970) designates as conditions Alpha and Beta on choice functions. Let X be any feasible set of alternatives, and let C(X) be the subset of X that consists of chosen elements—here to be understood as elements judged to be acceptable. Alpha requires that if x is in C(X), then x is in C(A) for any subset A of X of which x is a member. Beta requires that if x and y are both in C(A), then for any superset Y of A, either both x and y are in C(Y) or neither is.
Burial disturbance leads to facilitation among coastal dune plants

There is growing evidence that interactions among plants can be facilitative as well as competitive, but knowledge of how disturbances influence these interactions and how they vary with species diversity is lacking. We manipulated plant density, species diversity (richness), and a burial disturbance in a controlled, complete factorial experiment to test theories about the relationships among species interactions, disturbance, and richness. The hypotheses tested were 1) burial disturbance reduces plant performance at all levels of density and richness, 2) burial disturbance can cause net plant interactions to become more facilitative, and 3) facilitation increases with species richness. Burial decreased plant survival by 60% and biomass by 50%, supporting the hypothesis that burial reduces plant performance. In the control (unburied) treatment, there was no difference in proportion survival or per plant biomass between low and high density plots, meaning that neither competition nor facilitation was detected. In the buried treatment, however, high density plots had significantly greater survival and greater per plant biomass than the low density plots, indicating net facilitative interactions. Thus facilitation occurred in the buried treatment and not in the unburied control plots, supporting the hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing disturbance severity. The hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing species richness was not supported. Richness did not affect survival or biomass, and there was no richness by burial treatment interaction, indicating that richness did not influence the response of the community to burial. The influence of the disturbance on plant interactions was thus consistent across levels of richness, increasing the generality of the relationship between disturbance and facilitation.
Neighborhood affluence protects against antenatal smoking: Evidence from a spatial multiple membership model

ABSTRACTA spatial multiple membership model formalizes the effect of neighborhood affluence on antenatal smoking. The data are geocoded New Jersey birth certificate records linked to United States census tract-level data from 1999 to 2007. Neighborhood affluence shows significant spatial autocorrelation and local clustering. Better model fit is observed when incorporating the spatial clustering of neighborhood affluence into multivariate analyses. Relative to the spatial multiple membership model, the multilevel model that ignores spatial clustering produced downwardly biased standard errors; the effective sample size of the key parameter of interest (neighborhood affluence) is also lower. Residents of communities located in high-high affluence clusters likely have better access to health-promoting institutions that regulate antenatal smoking behaviors.
Fish Oil Increases Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators in PAD (The OMEGA-PAD II Trial).

Abstract Background N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation has been associated with reduced mortality and inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease. There are limited data on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Materials and methods The OMEGA-PAD II trial was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effect of 3 mo of high-dose oral n-3 PUFA supplementation on inflammation, endothelial function, and walking ability in patients with PAD. Results Twenty-four patients with claudication received 4.4 g/d of fish oil or placebo for 3 mo. Outcomes measured included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, the omega-3 index, endothelial function as measured via flow-mediated vasodilation, walking impairment questionnaire, and a 6-min walk test. Plasma levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) were measured by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In patients treated with fish oil, the absolute mean omega-3 index significantly increased from baseline (fish oil: 7.2 ± 1.2%, P Conclusions Fish oil increases SPMs in plasma of patients with PAD. Further studies are required to determine whether these early changes translate to clinical improvements in patients with PAD.
Predicting DRC Violations Using Ensemble Random Forest Algorithm

At leading technology nodes, the industry is facing a stiff challenge to make profitable ICs. One of the primary issues is the design rule checking (DRC) violation. In this research, we cohort with the DARPA IDEA program that aims for "no-human-in-the-loop" and 24-hour turnaround time to implement an IC from design specifications. In order to reduce human effort, we introduce the ensemble random forest algorithm to predict DRC violations before global routing, which is considered the most time-consuming step in an IC design flow. In addition, we identified features that critically impact the DRC violations. The algorithm has a 5.8% better F1-score compared to the existing SVM classifiers.
A study of constituent redistribution in U–Zr fuels using quantitative phase-field modeling and sensitivity analysis

Abstract Constituent redistribution in U–Zr fuels produces radially-distributed phase fields, each with different material properties and behaviors. The location and composition of the phase fields evolve dynamically due to the influence of swelling, fission gas release, and sodium infiltration on the thermal conductivity of the fuel. Gaps in the understanding of these processes limit the ability to model higher-level behaviors such as fuel-cladding chemical interaction and perform design and safety analyses with confidence. In the current work, we developed a quantitative phase-field model of macroscale constituent redistribution in the U–Zr system. Model parameters were optimized, and the model was validated against an independent dataset. No modification of the phase transition temperatures was necessary, but diffusion needed to be enhanced to reproduce the observed behaviors. Sensitivity analysis was then used to investigate gaps in the understanding of the system and identify the most impactful parameters and behaviors. The mobile interface between the γ and β+γ phase fields was found to be particularly influential in forming the Zr bathtub. The β and γ kinetic parameters scale the overall magnitude of constituent redistribution, while parameters associated with swelling and sodium infiltration influence the size, shape, and location of the Zr bathtub. These findings were used to justify specific recommendations for improving U–Zr modeling capability, which will expedite fuel development and qualification.
Optimizing Offline and Online Selling Prices in a Monopolistic Environment

Based on two linear deterministic demand models, the sales revenue function of a multivariate quadratic form is formulated in this paper to determine the optimal offline and online selling prices for a retailer in a monopolistic environment. The impacts of the uniform delivery lead time on the retailer’s optimal pricing scheme and profitability are analytically examined. A numerical study is conducted to demonstrate these impacts.
Changes in Bladder Extracellular Matrix — Overview

For starting this session I have a couple of slides that will help me in giving a brief overview of this topic. This is one of those conceptual overviews, and not one that is rich with data. What we really ought to think about is the fact that the bladder, the way we normally think about it, tends to be a visual simplification. We think of it in terms from our textbooks of histology as a layer of glycosaminoglycans, mucosa, lamina propia, and muscle. So we always think about the cells we associate with bladder structure. However as we have seen over these past two days, there is a lot more to it than just these cell populations. So if you will just think about this analogy; think about this room here. This room has a nice aesthetically pleasing ceiling, nice wall paper, pictures, and all of those things are equivalent to those cells within the bladder wall that we normally look at. But what is behind these walls. There is steel within these walls that we don’t see that extends on down to the foundation to provide the ultimate structural support and that is indeed what the extracellular matrix is. It is the supporting matrix for the cells, and I just borrowed this slide from Paul Ehrlich because it shows so nicely what we are talking about. You have the matrix, in this case collagen, that is the scaffolding or the steel structure of the bladder. Then you have the cells that are intimately associated with it in such as way that you can’t always tell where the cell ends and the collagen begins.
The theory of empowerment: A critical analysis with the theory evaluation scale

Empowerment has received considerable attention in the past four decades and become a threshold framework in the field of social work. Using the Theory Evaluation Scale (TES), this paper critically...