cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antigens associated with the activation of murine mononuclear phagocytes in vivo: differential expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen in the several stages of development.

Abstract Two well-characterized antigens [Mac-1 and lymphocyte-function-associated antigen (LFA-1)], expressed on a variety of leukocytes, are members of a family of surface proteins associated with multiple recognition functions. To analyze expression of these proteins during macrophage development, we utilized both radioimmunoassay and flow cytometry. As previously reported, Mac-1 is expressed on murine macrophages in all stages of development. We found LFA-1 to be present on murine mononuclear phagocytes but only in certain stages of their development. Specifically, we found LFA-1 was expressed on murine tissue macrophages but only on those activated in vivo by bacillus Calmett Guerin (BCG) or, to a lesser extent, primed by pyran copolymer. Although LFA-1 was absent on inflammatory (responsive) and resident tissue macrophages it was also present on blood-borne monocytes. Activated macrophages also selectively expressed the H-11 and Ly-6 antigens. Thus, these data indicate that LFA-1 is selectively expressed on mononuclear phagocytes of the tissues but only on those in the primed and activated stages of development.
Plasma heating and acceleration due to Landau damping of hydromagnetic waves.

We analyze energy and momentum exchange associated with Landau damping of hydromagnetic waves, from a macroscopic viewpoint, and compare the conclusions with those of the resonant quasi-linear theory. It is found that the heating of protons and electrons is correctly given by the resonant theory, but that the momentum exchange is not correctly described by the resonant theory.
Considerations for the Respiratory-Tract Dosimetry of Inhaled Nitric Acid Vapor

AbstractNitric acid (HNO3) vapor is a component of ambient photochemical pollution. Because of its high water solubility and reactivity, it would be anticipated to undergo significant removal within the upper respiratory tract (URT). However, recent studies have shown that inhaled vapor can alter bronchial responsiveness and other functions of the lower respiratory tract (LRT). The penetration of HNO3 into the lungs was assessed using a physical system that mimicked the residence time of inhaled air in the URT of the animal used in this laboratory for toxicologic studies, namely, the rabbit. The system allowed for mixing of precisely metered concentrations of ammonia (NH3), which is present in the URT, under conditions of controlled relative humidity. The size of particles produced when HNO3, was introduced into humid atmospheres was also determined. In an NH3,-free atmosphere maintained at 77% relative humidity, ultrafine particles (0.003 μm) were formed. When NH3, was added, the particle size increased ...
Single-session EUS-guided FNA and biliary drainage with use of a biflanged lumen apposing stent on an electrocautery enhanced delivery system: one-stop shop for unresectable pancreatic mass with duodenal obstruction

Endoscopic palliation of unresectable pancreatic cancer with obstruction of both the duodenum and the common bile duct (CBD) is cumbersome, with successful biliary drainage achieved in only 30% of the cases. In most of them, percutaneous biliary drainage is necessary. We present a patient with an unresectable mass of the pancreatic head causing both CBD and duodenal obstruction who, after an EUS-FNA with rapid onsite cytopathologic evaluation, which revealed pancreatic adenocarcinoma, underwent same-session EUS-guided biliary drainage with use of a newly developed biflanged lumenapposing fully covered metal stent (LAFCMS) mounted on an electrocautery-enhanced delivery system (Hot-AX
NATURAL HISTORY OF OTITIS MEDIA (OM) IN YOUNG CHILDREN. 780

Otitis media (OM) is a common disease in children. The present study was designed to characterize the onset, duration and frequency of acute otitis media (AOM), and otitis media with effusion (OME) in the first 2 years of life. 306 children were enrolled at birth. 70% of the children experienced≥1 episodes of OM (46% AOM, 24% OME) by 1 yr. and 85% (57% AOM, 28% OME) by 2 yrs. First episodes of AOM (mean age 5.2 mos.) occurred earlier than OME(mean age 6.3 mos.), p<.01. Peak crude monthly incidence of OM, 33%, occurred between 15 and 18 mos. Mean numbers of episodes of AOM at 1 and 2 years of age were 1.5 and 2.1, respectively; 5% of the population who experienced ≥4 episodes of AOM by 1 year or ≥5 episodes by 2 years were classified as otitis prone. Mean numbers of episodes of OME at 1 and 2 years were 1.3 and 1.5, respectively. 66% of first episodes of AOM resolved ≤ 1 month compared to 53% for OME. With succeeding episodes, duration decreased for AOM but increased for OME. Mean duration for first episodes of AOM and OME were 1.5 mos. and 1.9 mos., respectively, compared to 2.1 mos. and 1.3 mos. for third episodes. Total time spent with OM increased from a mean of 3.3 mos. to 4.5 mos. from the first to second year. These data suggest that AOM and OME are both common entities and that the total time spent with middle ear disease may be substantial during infancy.
The number of distinct part sizes in a random integer partition

Abstract We prove a central limit theorem for the number of different part sizes in a random integer partition. If λ is one of the P(n) partitions of the integer n, let Dn(λ) be the number of distinct part sizes that λ has. (Each part size counts once, even though there may be many parts of a given size.) For any fixed x, #(λ: D n (λ) ⩽ A n + xB n } P(n) → 1 2π ∫ −∞ x l −t 2 2 dt as n → ∞, where A n = (√6/π)n 1 2 and B n = (ρ6/2π − √54/π 3 ) 1 2 n 1 4 .
Beyond microstructures: Using the Kerr Effect to characterize the macrostructures of synthetic polymers

The macrostructures of synthetic polymers are essentially the complete molecular chain architectures, including the types and amounts of constituent short-range microstructures, such as the regio- and stereosequences of the inserted monomers, the amounts and sequences of monomers found in co-, ter-, and tetra-polymers, branching, inadvertent, and otherwise, etc. Currently, the best method for characterizing polymer microstructures uses high field, high resolution 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy observed in solution. However, even 13C-NMR is incapable of determining the locations or positions of resident polymer microstructures, which are required to elucidate their complete macrostructures. The sequences of amino acid residues in proteins, or their primary structures, cannot be characterized by NMR or other short-range spectroscopic methods, but only by decoding the DNA used in their syntheses or, if available, X-ray analysis of their single crystals. Similarly, there are currently no experimental means to determine the sequences or locations of constituent microstructures along the chains of synthetic macromolecules. Thus, we are presently unable to determine their macrostructures. As protein tertiary and quaternary structures and their resulting ultimate functions are determined by their primary sequence of amino acids, so too are the behaviors and properties of synthetic polymers critically dependent on their macrostructures. We seek to raise the consciousness of both synthetic and physical polymer scientists and engineers to the importance of characterizing polymer macrostructures when attempting to develop structure–property relations. To help achieve this task, we suggest using the electrical birefringence or Kerr effects observed in their dilute solutions. The molar Kerr constants of polymer solutes contributing to the birefringence of their solutions, under the application of a strong electric field, are highly sensitive to both the types and locations of their constituent microstructures. As a consequence, we may begin to characterize the macrostructures of synthetic polymers by means of the Kerr effect. To simplify implementation of the Kerr effect to characterize polymer macrostructures, we suggest that NMR first be used to determine the types and amounts of constituent microstructures present. Subsequent comparison of observed Kerr effects with those predicted for different microstructural locations along the polymer chains can then be used to identify the most likely macrostructures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 155–166
The Orbit of the Paragould, Arkansas, Meteor*

The elements of the orbit of the body that dropped the Paragould, Arkansas, meteorites of 1930 February 17 are given. The elements were calculated from the data computed in 1941 by J. F. Foster and R. L. Duncombe for the ground point, which also are included in the paper as part of the summary of the calculation of the orbit.
Prevention of retrograde stone migration during ureteroscopy.

Retrograde stone migration during ureteroscopy leads to longer operating times, more-invasive endoscopy, and an increase in residual stones and the need for secondary procedures. In this Viewpoint, the author describes his experience with the various devices developed to prevent stone migration, focusing on the Stone Cone.
Effects of cocaine on heart rate variability in healthy subjects

In this study, we found that cocaine decreased the high-frequency power of heart rate variability in normal volunteers, implicating a decrease in vagal tone. However, the results of our autonomic blocking studies indicated the opposite, suggesting a major influence of cardiac sympathetic drive on the high-frequency power of heart rate variability.
Worldwide Regulatory Guidance Values for Chlorinated Benzene Surface Soil Contamination

AbstractSurface soil contamination is a worldwide problem that is often addressed by the use of regulatory guidance values (RGVs) that establish the maximum amount of contamination that may exist without prompting a regulatory response. Chlorinated benzenes are a family of 12 synthetic aromatic contaminants for which at least 168 jurisdictions have promulgated guidance values. Analysis of the 973 RGVs for the eight most commonly regulated chlorinated benzenes is presented. The RGVs of chlorobenzene, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diclorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene vary by over six orders of magnitude. The RGVs for pentachlorobenzene vary by five orders of magnitude. The RGV distributions resemble those of lognormal random variables, but contain nonrandom clusters and extreme values that deviate from the lognormal distribution model. Point clusters appear to reflect the influence of organizations such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Can...
Electron—electron double resonance of irradiated dicholorfluoroacetamide: The dominant role of the chlorine quadrupole

Abstract Electron—electron double resonance (ELDOR) investigations of the · CClFCONH2 radical in irradiated single crystals of dichlorofluoroacetamide at −100°C have been carried out. ELDOR spectra taken in a direction perpendicular to the radical plane show two intense lines at A(35Cl) and 3 2 A(35Cl) − vCl in addition to other weaker lines. Preliminary measurements of chlorinated radicals indicated that simple and intense ELDOR patterns can be observed below −50°C, which decreasing ELDOR intensity above −50°C as a result of the dominant quadrupole relaxation.
Distribution and properties of cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Abstract cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes were isolated from the soluble fraction of cardiac tissue of 12 to 16-week spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Kyoto Wistar Normotensive rat (WKY). No differences were observed in the relative distribution and elution profile of isozyme I and II between SHR and WKY. In both types of rat isozyme I was the major enzyme comprising approximately 65% of total enzyme activity. Specific activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was significantly decreased in the soluble fraction as well as isozymes I and II of SHR as compared to WKY. V max of cAMP stimulation was decreased for Types I and II isozymes of SHR as compared to WKY, with no differences in the K a value (concentration of cAMP required for half maximal activation). K m values for ATP and Mg 2+ were not altered for isozymes I and II of SHR, but V max was significantly decreased in SHR as compared to WKY. Thermostability and salt dissociation experiments did not reveal any differences between SHR and WKY isozymes I and II. These data would suggest that cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity could be decreased in SHR myocardium due to a reduction in the number of enzyme molecules.
Long-term followup of knee injuries in high school football players:

Twenty-three American football participants were stud ied 20 years after high school competition, as well as 11 age-matched controls, to assess the development of knee osteoarthritis. No statistically significant in crease in osteoarthritis could be demonstrated radio- graphically, subjectively, or objectively. A significant increase in knee joint osteoarthritis was found in the subgroup of football players who had sustained a knee injury.
Cryptopaper: digital information security for physical documents

Providing information security has been difficult in environments that rely on paper documents to implement business processes. Our work presents the design of a digital information security system for paper documents, called CryptoPaper, that uses 2-dimensional codes to represent data and its security properties on paper. A specially designed scanner system that uses image recognition techniques and a cloud-based access control system can display encoded data to authorized users. We present the design considerations that were explored for our prototype system and evaluation of its performance. We also discuss application scenarios for CryptoPaper, ranging from health care to human resources.
Vascular Access Surgery as an Outpatient Procedure

Construction of a vascular access site for hemodialysis has traditionally been done on an inpatient basis or more recently in a hospital operating room as a 1-day admission. Over 18 months we performed 49 vascular access procedures on 45 patients in a freestanding ambulatory surgical center. Four patients had an arteriovenous radiocephalic autogenous fistula constructed, 30 patients had a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis inserted as an arteriovenous bridge graft, 11 patients had a planned reconstruction of a previously placed graft, 1 patient had a false aneurysm corrected, 1 patient had a chronically infected graft removed, and 2 patients had a thrombectomy. All procedures were in the upper extremities except for one femorosaphenous PTFE graft and one excision of a false aneurysm in a thigh prosthesis. Only one patient, an 84-year-old woman, required hospitalization following the outpatient procedure because she was unable to care for herself. No postoperative infection had occurred at 1 month follow-up. A left upper extremity graft performed at another inpatient facility was removed because of infection. The protocol for outpatient vascular access surgery includes preoperative evaluation of the patient for determination of the access site within a week of operation; duplex scan of subclavian veins if central venous lines have been in place for more than 2 weeks; scheduling surgery for the afternoon or morning following routine hemodialysis; obtaining a hemoglobin level, serum/electrolyte study, and an ECG following the last hemodialysis; parenteral antimicrobial prophylaxis; local infiltration anesthesia with standby; a minimum of 1 hour of observation in the recovery room; and a repeat hematocrit study prior to discharge. Vascular access surgery can be performed safely and efficiently in a freestanding outpatient surgery center with a postoperative hospital admission rate of approximately 2%. Hemodialysis patients who have frequent revisions of access sites much prefer the convenience and shortened total time (approximately 4 hours) for surgery performed on an ambulatory basis. Providers realize significant cost savings.
The Solution of the Problem of the Simple Oscillator by a Combination of the Schroedinger and the Lanczos Theories

The purpose of this paper is to show, in a purely formal way, that the Schroedinger equation must be the basis for the Born, Jordan and Heisenberg matrix calculus. This is most readily accomplished by using the Lanczos modification of the latter.
Friction and wear behavior of diamond films against steel and ceramics

Abstract Friction and wear tests were conducted at room temperature on diamond films deposited on silicon substrates by a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. Three different diamond film morphologies (i.e. faceted, cauliflowered and smooth) were evaluated in sliding contact with steel, α-alumina, silicon nitride and magnesia-stabilized zirconia balls. In addition to the uncoated balls, a few tests were also conducted with silicon nitride balls coated with either a cauliflower-type or a smooth diamond film. All the material combinations, except for diamond films sliding against diamond films, exhibited friction coefficients in the range 0.38–0.90. The average friction coefficient for diamond films sliding against diamond films was 0.10. The faceted films exhibited higher friction coefficients and higher wear rates of the counterface materials than those for the smooth films. Examination of the worn surfaces of the diamond films and steel counterfaces revealed that the diamond films wore primarily by fracturing the tips of crystals. A secondary wear mechanism of delamination within the diamond films was also observed. The wear of the steel counterface occurred by abrasion.
Welfare versus Workfare: Policy Implications.

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1981 and the 1988 Family Support Act (FSA) have made workfare programs an integral part of the American welfare system. The OBRA and FSA required states to mandate participation in a Community Work Experience Program (CWEP) for recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper reviews the experience with workfare programs in the past 25 years. The paper summarizes their results, including positive and negative aspects of the programs, and identifies some key issues and unanswered questions from this experience. The authors conclude with suggestions toward a more viable direction of welfare reform. ∗The authors presented a version of this paper to the Fourth Annual Conference of Global Awareness Society International on May 19, 1995, in Shanghai, China.
Rate distribution in heterogeneous cellular networks with resource partitioning and offloading

Mobile users proactively offloaded from macro cells to small cells in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) encounter less congestion but higher interference. Resource partitioning protects the offloaded users from macro tier interference by muting the macro tier on certain fraction of resources and scheduling the offloaded users on those resources. However, the extent to which joint offloading and resource partitioning is needed remains unanswered. This is partly due to the lack of tractable frameworks to analyze downlink rate in the presence of such techniques. In this paper, we develop a tractable framework to analyze joint resource partitioning and offloading in a two-tier cellular network and derive the downlink rate distribution over the entire network. Each tier of base stations is modeled as a Poisson point process (PPP) where each tier differs in transmit power and deployment density. Using the developed analysis, we show that the optimal combination of load balancing and resource partitioning improves the rate of cell edge users in co-channel heterogeneous networks.
T cells, immunosurveillance, and cutaneous immunity

This presentation deals with the key role of the skin in immune function, briefly reviewing what is known about the cell trafficking patterns and molecular events involved in the generation of a specific immune response in the skin. Such information provides a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmunity-related diseases, and may provide clues to eventual therapeutic approaches.
RADIUM ‐ 226 IN GROUND WATER OF WEST CENTRAL FLORIDA

ABSTRACT: Principal U.S. phosphate production is from central Florida where mining, processing, and waste disposal practices intimately associate the industry with water resouces. Available radium-226 data from 1966 and from 1973–1976 in mined and unmined mincralized areas and nonmineralized areas in the primary study area in Polk, Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, and De Soto counties were studied using log-normal probability plots and nonparametric statistical tests for significant difference as functions of time, depth, and location. Plots of radium in the water table and Floridan aquifers for mineralized and nonmineralized areas indicate that neither phosphate mineralization nor the industry is a probable factor. For the Lower Floridan aquifer, three separate radium populations are indicated with geometric means of 0.7, 3, and 10 pCi/1. Geometric mean radium-226 content of the water table aquifer is 0.17 pCi/1. Radium in the Floridan aquifer in Manatee and Sarasota Counties is elevated relative to that in the water table and in other areas of Florida. For Sarasota County, geometric mean radium content of the water table is 15 pCi/l versus 7.5 pCi/l in the Floridan. Potential sources include shallow phosphate sediments and monazite sands and possibly crystalline basement rocks or other strata unrelated to phosphatic zones of current economic interest. The existing radium-226 data base is rather marginal in terms of number and spatial distribution of analyses, particularly for the water table and Upper Floridan aquifer. Existing radium data do not substantiate widespread contamination of ground water as a result of the phosphate industry. However, local contamination associated with specific operations has occurred.
A close-coupling study of vibrational-rotational quenching of CO by collision with hydrogen atoms.

Quantum-mechanical scattering calculations were performed for the rovibrational relaxation of CO in collisions with H atoms using the close-coupling approach for collision energies between 10−6 and 1500cm−1. We adopted the H–CO interaction potential of Werner, Keller, and Schinke and computed the state-to-state and total cross sections for the quenching of the υ=1, j=0–2 levels of CO. Numerous resonances, as a consequence of the van der Waals potential, are observed and the cross sections are found to approach the Wigner limit at low energies. Also, by averaging the cross sections over a Boltzmann distribution of velocities of the incoming atom, quenching rate coefficients are obtained and found to be consistent with previous infinite-order sudden approximation calculations for temperatures between 100 and 300K.
Poor Immune Responses to a Birth Dose of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

Objectives To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an additional birth dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP). Study design Fifty infants between 2 to 14 days of age were randomly assigned to receive either DTaP and hepatitis B vaccines (experimental) or hepatitis B alone (control) at birth. At 2, 4, 6, and 17 months of age, DTaP and routine vaccines were administered to both groups. Safety data were collected after each dose, and sera were obtained at birth, 6, 7, 17, and 18 months. Immune responses to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; responses to other vaccines were assessed. Results No differences were seen between the 2 groups in either local or systemic reactions; all vaccines were well tolerated. Compared with the control group, infants in the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower geometric mean antibody concentrations for pertussis toxin and pertactin 6, 7, and 18 months, for fimbrae at 6, 7, 17, and 18 months, and for FHA at 18 months, and lower geometric mean antibody concentrations for diphtheria at 7 months. Immune responses to all other vaccine antigens were comparable. Conclusion Administration of an additional dose of DTaP at birth was safe but was associated with a significantly lower response to diphtheria and 3 of 4 pertussis antigens compared with controls.
Analysis of Dialect Features

Interactive graphical analysis has proven to be a seminal method in exploring quantitative spatial data. Using data from a dialect survey we demonstrate that it can also reveal structure in qualitative spatial data. The flexibility offered by such exploratory tools can deal with the special problems caused by multiple responses and by local geographic effects.
The hippocampus modulates dopamine neuron responsivity by regulating the intensity of phasic neuron activation.

Aberrant dopamine (DA) signaling has been advanced as a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia; however, the many factors involved in regulating DA system responsivity have not been completely delineated to date. We have shown previously that DA neuron activity states are independently regulated by distinct afferent pathways. We now provide evidence that these pathways interact to control the population of neurons that are phasically activated. As shown previously, infusions of NMDA into the ventral subiculum (vSub) increases the number of spontaneously active DA neurons (population activity), while having no effect on firing rate or average bursting activity. In contrast, NMDA activation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) results in a significant increase in DA neuron burst firing without significantly affecting population activity. However, simultaneous excitation of the vSub and PPTg induces a significant increase in both DA neuron population activity and burst firing resulting in a ∼4-fold increase in the number of high-bursting neurons observed per electrode track. These data suggest that DA neuron population activity is not simply associated with the tonic release of DA in forebrain regions, but rather represents a recruitable pool of DA neurons that can be further modulated by excitatory inputs to induce a graded phasic response. Taken as a whole, we propose that the synchronous activity of distinct afferent inputs to the VTA phasically activates selective populations of DA neurons, and hence may be a site of pathological regulation underlying aberrant DA signaling.
The effect of laser light propagation through a self-induced inhomogeneous process gas on temperature dependent laser-assisted chemical etching

Abstract High resolution and precise surface morphology is a primary goal of laser-assisted chemical etching (LACE) for microfabrication. However, the interaction of the laser light with the process gas can change the intensity incident to the target surface due to self-induced, thermally developed inhomogeneities within the gas. The exponential relationship between LACE rates and surface temperature means that very small changes in intensity, and thus surface temperature distribution, has a very large effect on the etch profile. This paper models both the inhomogeneous light–process gas interaction and the etching to predict the regimes in time and absorption path length where this effect needs to be considered. Numerical calculations of LACE microfabrication of borosilicate glass in a sulfur hexafluoride process gas with a 10.6 μm wavelength laser beam are given that show how the surface morphology of the glass wafer is changed by the inhomogeneous interaction.
Mapping of mitochondrial 4S RNA genes in Xenopus laevis by electron microscopy

Abstract The distribution of sites hybridizing with mitochondrial 4 S RNA molecules on mitochondrial DNA of Xenopus laevis has been mapped in relation to the ribosomal RNA genes and EcoRI restriction endonuclease sites. RNA molecules linked to ferritin were employed for this purpose. We have obtained evidence for 15 4 S RNA sites on the H-strand and six sites on the L-strand of X. laevis mtDNA ∥ . An indication of the possible existence of one additional site on the H-strand and four additional sites on the L-strand has been obtained. One 4 S RNA site is located in the gap between the two rRNA genes, and one site flanks each outside end of the rRNA genes. The other 4 S RNA sites are distributed almost evenly throughout both strands of the mtDNA. A comparison with the map of 4 S RNA sites on the mtDNA of HeLa cells (Angerer et al., 1976) suggests considerable evolutionary conservation of site organization.
The impact of perceived material wealth and perceiver personality on first impressions

Abstract This study examined how wealth cues and the social image concerns of the perceiver influence interpersonal attributions about others. American college students (N=150) read vignettes that described a man or a woman in either an affluent or not so affluent home setting. They then evaluated the target person on 20 personal qualities and indicated their desire to have the target's lifestyle. The affluent target was evaluated as having more personal ability (e.g., intelligence, self-discipline), more sophisticated qualities (e.g., cultured, successful), and a more desirable lifestyle than the not so affluent target. However, an “affluent people are not nice” stereotype seemed to be evoked, as the affluent target was rated as less considerate of others (e.g., less kind, likable, honest) than the not so affluent person. The appearance of affluence, at least in the American culture, is a powerful and unmistakable social testament to a person's ability, sophistication, and considerateness. The impact of personality differences in self-monitoring, social identity, and materialism were small relative to the impact of affluence cues.
Serum Prolactin Levels in Unmedicated Schizophrenic Patients

Excessive dopaminergic activity in some dopaminergic tracts may be involved in the cause of some types of schizophrenia. We studied serum prolactin levels in newly admitted, unmedicated, psychiatric patients to determine if the prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients might be diminished to reflect increased dopaminergic activity in the tuberoinfundibular tract or the increases associated with psychological stress. Mean serum prolactin concentration was found to be within the normal range in 22 unmedicated, acutely disturbed, newly admitted schizophrenic patients but tended to be elevated in two manic patients and one patient with a severe anxiety state. It may be possible to use these findings to assess the degree of dopaminergic activity of the tuberoinfundibular tract. It appears that the mechanism that causes stress to increase serum prolactin may be abnormal in some schizophrenic patients.
The generalized rotating frame

I introduce the transformation of a large spin system externally driven by several oscillating magnetic fields to the generalized rotating frame, which is a natural generalization of the standard rotating frame. This method requires that the spin system has non-equidistant energy levels, which is usually satisfied by anisotropies. Possible applications include the implementation of the Grover algorithm in molecular magnets or in large nuclear spins of semiconductors and the coherent manipulation of large single-spin states of arbitrary dimension.
Evaluation of an HPLC Chiral Separation Flow Scheme for Small Molecules

An HPLC chiral separation flow scheme was developed for identification of suitable enantioseparation conditions for small molecules. This flow scheme employs various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and separation modes with the aim of improving efficiency by leading the scientist toward a reliable enantioseparation through a reduced number of experiments. In cases where a partial chiral separation is achieved with a particular CSP, guidance in the flow scheme is provided to improve resolution. Using prior knowledge, literature references, and data from 60 nonproprietary compounds analyzed in this study, the flow scheme was developed with separation mode (solvent compatibility) versatility in mind.
Transforming Palliative Care in Nursing Homes: The Social Work Role, by Mercedes Bern-Klug (Ed.)

Nursing homes are an important part of the long-term care continuum, and this book provides the reader with new approaches on transforming palliative care in this setting. Bern-Klug gives an in-dep...
Political Participation among Hispanics: Voting and Contacting in a Northern County

ABSTRACT: Most recent research on the political behavior of Hispanics has focused on the South and Southwest and on Mexican Americans. This study examines voting and contacting among Hispanics who are primarily Puerto Ricans living in the Northeast. The data were collected through interviews with 234 Hispanics in Morris County, New Jersey. The best explanation for voting was the socioeconomic status (SES) model: Higher SES respondents tended to vote in local elections more than lower SES citizens. Contacting is a more complicated form of politcal behavior than voting and requires greater political knowledge and skill and was more difficult to explain because no one model accounted for citizens' contacts. Rather, the most reasonable explanation suggests that contacting results from a combination of personal and environmental factors. Hispanics who are older, who have higher education, and who live in predominantly white neighborhoods appear to possess greater knowledge and skill and thus are more likely to contact municipal officials.
Are animals efficient harvesters

Abstract As animals move from one place to another there are patterns to their movements. It is hypothesized that these patterns are such that the net rate of food gain is maximized, and to test this hypothesis a model of a ‘harvesting’ animal is formulated. A harvesting animal is one whose movements are determined solely by previous movement and not by responses to sensory stimuli. Available data suggest that this harvesting model is inappropriate and that models which incorporate responses to sensory stimuli are likely to provide a better predictive understanding of animal movement patterns.
Effects of reinforcer magnitude and alternative reinforcer delay on preference for alcohol during a multiple-choice procedure.

Abstract The Multiple-Choice Procedure [MCP; Griffiths, R.R., Troisi II, J.R., Silverman, K., Mumford, G.K., 1993. Multiple-choice procedure: an efficient approach for investigating drug reinforcement in humans. Behav. Pharmacol. 4, 3–13; Griffiths, R.R., Rush, C.R., Puhala, K.A., 1996. Validation of the multiple-choice procedure for investigating drug reinforcement in humans. Behav. Pharmacol. 4, 3–13] was developed to investigate the relationship between drug preferences and alternative reinforcers. The current study was designed to better characterize the relationships among reinforcer magnitude, delay associated with an alternative reinforcer, and preference for alcohol among a sample of undergraduate drinkers. Participants were 27 male undergraduates, over the age of 21, who reported engaging in at least three occasions of binge drinking over the previous month. All participants took part in a single laboratory session, during which six versions of the MCP questionnaire were administered. Across the versions, participants made a total of 180 discrete choices between three amounts of alcohol (12, 24, or 36 ounces of beer; deception was used to mask the fact that 36 ounces of beer would not actually be provided during the sessions) and escalating amounts of money ($0 to $20) delivered immediately or after a one-week delay. Response on the MCP varied as a function of the amount of alcohol available and the delay associated with the alternative monetary reinforcer, with the effect of the delay diminishing as the dose of alcohol increased. Results of the current study are consistent with previous laboratory studies of choice behavior and with behavioral economic theories of substance use.
CLINICAL AND SEROLOGICAL FEATURES OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 INFECTION IN THREE ADULTS

3 adult patients with serological evidence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection had mild, afebrile illnesses with nonspecific symptoms. In each case, the characteristic clinical feature was the presence of enlarged, bilateral, non-tender, anterior and posterior cervical nodes early in the illness which persisted for up to 3 months. HHV-6 IgG antibody reciprocal titres of 160 to 2560 were found during acute infection, and decreased to a titre of 10 in 1 patient 3 years later. IgM responses were detected at low reciprocal titres (10) in 2 patients and disappeared after several months.
Facile synthesis of polymer and carbon spheres decorated with highly dispersed metal nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon spheres (mn-CSs) are prepared by combining one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and post-synthesis modification. The former sol–gel type process is employed to obtain heteroatom-containing polymer spheres (PSs), which easily attract metal species that, during thermal treatment, are initially converted to nanoparticle-decorated PSs and finally to mn-CSs.
State Collapse, Insurgency, and Famine in the Horn of Africa: Legitimacy and the Ongoing Somali Crisis

The failure of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) to defeat the insurgency led by the militant Islamists of al-Shabaab—to say nothing of accomplishing the political tasks of state-building that are its very raison d'etre—is due to its inability to garner internal political legitimacy. In contrast, both the Islamist insurgents fighting the TFG and the relatively stable new polities that have emerged in various parts of the territory of the collapsed Somali state are better attuned to local community sensibilities and, consequently, have been relatively successful in mobilizing clan loyalties. This conclusion has significant implications for the international community, not only with respect to efforts to facilitate a political solution to more than two decades of statelessness, but also because massive drought and the resulting humanitarian emergency have weakened the hold of al-Shabaab on southern and central Somalia, presenting a unique political and strategic opportunity to achieve greater ...
Thrombocytopenia, low molecular weight heparin, and obstetric anesthesia

The parturient with coagulation defects, whether related to thrombocytopenia or to anticoagulation therapy, presents a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist. The risk of spinal or epidural hematoma in these patients has not been quantified fully but is a factor that one must consider on a case-by-case basis in determining whether neuraxial anesthesia is appropriate for the parturient. Following the guidelines set forth in this article should help reduce the risk of spinal or epidural hematoma without sacrificing the quality of care provided to patients.
Antiwear Additives in Neopentyl Ester Oils

A variety of organophosphorus and other selected compounds were studied as antiwear additives for neopentyl polyol ester lubricants on 440C stainless steel rubbing surfaces using a four-ball wear test machine. Their effectiveness as additives was compared with that of tricresyl phosphate. Although 440C steel is relatively unreactive, it was possible to improve strikingly its wear and friction characteristics with organophosphorus additives. Some of the best results were obtained with acid phosphates. Alkyl chain length also appeared to be a significant factor. It was demonstrated that small concentrations of extraneous acidic substances are responsible for the antiwear action of phosphites at high load and that larger amounts of such acidic materials are needed as the load increases. Experiments involving addition of amines to neutralize formulations containing an acid phosphate confirmed that free acids promote antiwear action at the higher loads. Vinyl stearate and selected compounds containing chlorine...
Effects of an antiperspirant with emollients on foot-sweat accumulation and blister formation while walking in the heat

Abstract Background: Friction blisters are a common injury in sports activities and military operations. Blisters can compromise performance, so it is important to devise preventive strategies to reduce these injuries. Objective: This study investigated the influence of an antiperspirant with emollient additives on frequency and severity of friction blisters, hot spots, and irritant dermatitis. Methods: Twenty-three healthy men walked on a treadmill (1.39 m/sec, 1% grade) in a warm environment (28° C, 25% relative humidity) carrying a total mass of 21 ± 1 kg. For 4 consecutive days before the walk, the subjects' feet were treated with either (1) an antiperspirant (20% aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine concentration plus water) with emollient additives, (2) emollient additives alone (placebo control), or (3) nothing (nontreated). In two separate trials (1 month apart) each participant received the antiperspirant treatment and both control treatments (emollient [placebo] and no treatment). Results: No differences were seen among treatment conditions for sweat accumulation ( p = 0.86), blister incidence ( p = 0.36), hot spot incidence ( p = 0.83), or blister severity ( p = 0.31). Irritant dermatitis was not reported in any of the treatment conditions. Conclusion: The use of an antiperspirant with emollients reduces irritant dermatitis but does not reduce total foot-sweat accumulation, blister or hot spot incidence, or blister severity.
Suppression of dominant and subordinate ovarian follicles by a proteinaceous fraction of follicular fluid in heifers

Nulliparous Holstein heifers were examined ultrasonically once daily during an interovulatory interval (ovulation = Day 0). Follicles with a diameter ≥4 mm were sequentially identified. Heifers were randomized into four groups (n = 4 heifers per group): untreated control heifers and those treated on Days 0 to 3, Days 3 to 6, or Days 6 to 11. Heifers designated for treatment were given an intravenous injection, twice daily, of a proteinaceous fraction of follicular fluid (PFFF; 16 ml) prepared by extracting bovine follicular fluid with activated charcoal. Mean cessation of growth of the dominant follicle of Wave 1 was later (P<0.005) in control heifers (Day 5.5) than in heifers treated on Days 0 to 3 (Day 1.5) or Days 3 to 6 (Day 3.5). Mean onset of regression of the dominant follicle of Wave 1 was later (P<0.005) in control heifers (Day 12.0) than in heifers treated on Days 0 to 3 (Day 5.0) or Days 3 to 6 (Day 7.5). Mean cessation of growth of the largest subordinate follicle of Wave 1 was later (P<0.05) in control heifers (Day 3.0) than in heifers treated on Days 0 to 3 (Day 1.2). Mean onset of regression of the largest subordinate follicle of Wave 1 was later (P<0.05) in control heifers (Day 7.0) than in heifers treated on Days 0 to 3 (Day 4.8). In heifers treated on Days 6 to 11, cessation of growth and onset of regression of the dominant follicle (means, Days 5.2 and 12.0, respectively) were not significantly different from those of the controls. The hypothesis that PFFF treatment on Days 0 to 3 would cause suppression of all follicles of Wave 1 was supported. The hypothesis that PFFF treatment on Days 3 to 6 would not alter growth of the dominant follicle of Wave 1 was not supported. The mean day of detection of the dominant follicle of Wave 2 was different (P<0.005) in control heifers (Day 8.5) than in heifers treated on Day 0 to 3 (Day 5.5) or Days 6 to 11 (Day 14.2). The mean length of the interovulatory interval was shorter (P<0.05) in control heifers (20.5 d) than in heifers treated on Days 6 to 11 (23.2 d). The hypothesis that PFFF treatment on Days 6 to 11 would delay the emergence of Wave 2 was supported. The proportion of heifers with 2-wave interovulatory intervals was 34 for control heifers and 04, 14, and 44 for heifers treated on Days 0 to 3, Days 3 to 6, and Days 6 to 11, respectively (34 vs 04, P<0.05); the remaining heifers had 3-wave interovulatory intervals. On average, in PFFF-treated heifers, follicles stopped growing 1 d after treatment was started, and Wave 2 was detected 3 d after treatment was stopped.
LeuT Conformational Sampling Utilizing Accelerated Molecular Dynamics and Principal Component Analysis

Monoamine transporters (MATs) function by coupling ion gradients to the transport of dopamine, norepinephrine, or serotonin. Despite their importance in regulating neurotransmission, the exact conformational mechanism by which MATs function remains elusive. To this end, we have performed seven 250 ns accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of the leucine transporter, a model for neurotransmitter MATs. By varying the presence of binding-pocket leucine substrate and sodium ions, we have sampled plausible conformational states representative of the substrate transport cycle. The resulting trajectories were analyzed using principal component analysis of transmembrane helices 1b and 6a. This analysis revealed seven unique structures: two of the obtained conformations are similar to the currently published crystallographic structures, one conformation is similar to a proposed open inward structure, and four conformations represent novel structures of potential importance to the transport cycle. Further analysis reveals that the presence of binding-pocket sodium ions is necessary to stabilize the locked-occluded and open-inward conformations.
Visual Patterned Reflex Present during Hypothalamically Elicited Attack

A cat from which attack is elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus lunges more frequently toward a mouse presented to the eye contralateral to the stimulated site than it does to a mouse presented to the ipsilateral eye. This differential effect does not appear to be attributable to a temporary or permanent defect in the ipsilateral eye.
Studies on elimination of penicillin G in dogs.

SummaryBilaterally nephrectomized dogs eliminated penicillin G at a considerable rate from their blood stream after an intravenous injection. This elimination took place at essentially the same rate when either the intestines were removed, or when the common bile duct was ligated and the stomach removed. But no inactivation could be demonstrated after complete evisceration or hepatectomy in nephrectomized animals. A major portion of the injected penicillin was excreted in the bile. Appreciable inactivation was found in the bile, especially in the case of a strongly alkaline bile.The remaining portion of penicillin may have gone either to the gall bladder, where only a slow but significant resorptaion took place, or to the intestine where it was partially resorbed and partially inactivated.5Caution must be exercised in drawing generalized conclusions from these results. Since the nephrectomized dogs do not eat, it seems possible that normal dogs might inactivate certain amounts of penicillin in their intes...