cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Episodes as chunks in narrative memory.

Story statements cluster into episodes, so we expected the memory representations of statements to cluster into separate episode chunks in memory. Experiment 1 confirmed this chunking idea by showing that the recall of episode actions depends on the length of that episode, but not on the lengths of other episodes. Specifically, adding more actions to an episode increased recall of the original actions but didn't affect recall of other episodes. Further, subjects rated the original actions as more important than the added actions, thus suggesting that unimportant actions increased the recall of important actions in that episode. Another experiment showed that the more subordinate actions an episode contains, the more likely a statement summarizing that episode is to be recalled.
Modeling and simulation of elastic and friction forces in lubricated bearings for precise motion control

Abstract The study presents a dynamic model for the resistance forces to the rotation of a journal in a lubricated sleeve bearing at low speed. The resistance forces include the sliding friction as well as the presliding Dahl effect, namely, elastic force due to the compliance in the system before the force reaches the break-away magnitude when sliding initiates. Both the stiffness of the surface asperities and the elastic support of the bearing are considered for the presliding rotation of the journal. The model is based on the physical principles of hydrodynamic lubrication as well as the dynamics of the system. The model shows that the instantaneous friction is not only a function of the velocity at that instant, but also depends on the velocity history. The model predicts hysteresis-type friction curves for oscillating velocity, in agreement with previous experiments. The model may be useful to improve the precision of motion in feedback control systems with friction.
LINGO-1 antagonists as therapy for multiple sclerosis: in vitro and in vivo evidence.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS that causes progressive neurological disability in most patients. Certain alleles of immunity-associated genes increase risk of MS, confirming a role for autoimmune mechanisms in pathogenesis. Activated mononuclear cells infiltrate the CNS and trigger an inflammatory cascade, resulting in demyelination and axonal injury. Non-inflammatory mechanisms also appear to be involved in axonal degeneration but are not fully elucidated. Current therapies are anti-inflammatory, and no available therapy is known to promote myelin repair or maintenance. Leucine-rich repeats and Ig domain-containing, neurite outgrowth inhibitor (Nogo) receptor–interacting protein-1 (LINGO-1) is a potent negative regulator of axonal myelination. Objective/methods : This article provides an overview of the available data on the effects of LINGO-1 antagonists on oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. Results/conclusion: LINGO-1 is a potential target for ...
Microbial community profiling and characterization of some heterotrophic bacterial isolates from river waters and shallow groundwater wells along the Rouge River, southeast Michigan.

Abstract This study was conducted to elucidate microbiological characteristics of river water and groundwater communities in order to improve our conceptual and predictive understanding of river and groundwater ecosystem processes, functioning and management. Rouge River bacterial communities from shallow groundwater and river water were screened using Biolog Ecoplates, which test for oxidation of selected carbon sources and by culturing heterotrophic bacteria. The isolates cultured from the samples were also characterized using the 16S rRNA gene‐based approach. The patterns of utilization of the groups of carbon substrates by the microbial communities revealed differences between river water and groundwater samples. Carbohydrates, polymers, carboxylic acids and amino acids were highly utilized by the microbial communities in the river samples, while carbohydrates, polymers, amino acids and phenolic compounds were metabolized in the groundwater samples. Sequence comparison results showed that the most pre...
Coefficients of thermal expansion of metal-matrix composites for electronic packaging

Finite element analyses of the effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of metal-matrix composites are presented, with a focus on composites with potential for use in electronic packaging applications. The analyses are based on two-dimensional plane strain and axisymmetric unit-cell models. The brittle phase is characterized as an isotropic elastic solid with isotropic thermal expansion. The possibility of plastic deformation, described by an isotropic-hardening flow rule, is allowed for in the ductile phase. A wide range of reinforcement volume fractions is considered. The effects of phase geometry, phase contiguity, ductile phase material properties, processing-induced residual stresses, and brittle particle fracture are considered. The CTE is found to be much less sensitive to phase distribution effects than is the tensile stiffness. The results show that there is a significant dependence of the overall CTE on the phase contiguity (i.e., on whether the brittle or the ductile phase is continuous).
Systematics of giant resonances from inelastic alpha-particle scattering☆

Abstract The giant resonance region was studied for 15 nuclei from 24 Mg to 208 Pb by inelastic scattering of 96 and 115 MeV α -particles. A peak is observed at an excitation energy of ≈63 A 1 3 MeV for all nuclei with A ⩾ 40. The angular distribution in 90 Zr shows a diffraction structure which is in phase with L = 0 and L = 2 DWBA predictions. The peaks are narrower for closed shell nuclei and no splitting is observed for the deformed nuclei.
Whole-exome sequencing of polycythemia vera revealed novel driver genes and somatic mutation shared by T cells and granulocytes

To better understand the underlying molecular basis of polycythemia vera (PV), we performed whole-exome sequencing and DNA copy-number analysis of 31 JAK2V617F-positive patients and further investigated the evolution of somatic mutations using longitudinal samples. In addition to JAK2V617F and 9pUPD, we identified frequent recurrent somatic mutation in ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3A, SF3B1 and NF1. Forty two percent of patients had a somatic mutation in at least one epigenetic modifier gene. In 4 of 31 patients, variant allele abundance suggested mutation of JAK2V617F was preceded by other somatic mutations including ASXL1, DNMT3A and SF3B1. Strikingly, in 7 patients, apparent germline variants were detected at COSMIC codons in one or more PV-related genes in which we had also discovered somatic mutations across the cohort, suggesting that some pre-JAK2V617F mutations contribute to substantial T-lymphocyte progeny. This study contributes to novel understanding of the complexity of PV pathogenesis.
In vitro properties of proteinases in the midgut of adult Aedes aegypti L. and Culex fatigans (Wiedemann).

1. 1. The midgut proteinases from Aedes aegypti and Culex fatigans appear to have similar properties. These proteinases show a small peak of activity near pH 5·5, but the greatest activity was found in a broad peak in the alkaline region with a temperature optimum near 46–50°C. 2. 2. Hemoglobin was a more suitable substrate than albumin or γ-globulin. 3. 3. The hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester and N-benzoyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester was demonstrated. 4. 4. The alkaline proteinases were inhibited by serum from normal and malarious chicks, and to a limited extent by disodium ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, and Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+.
Non-Fermi-liquid scaling of the magnetic response in UCu5-xPdx(x=1,1.5).

We have determined the magnetic response {ital S}({omega}) of UCu{sub 5{minus}{ital x}}Pd{sub {ital x}}({ital x}=1,1.5) for temperatures {ital T} ranging from 12 to 300 K and energy transfers {omega} from 0.5 to 200 meV. {ital S}({omega}) is virtually identical in the two compounds, displaying localized moment dynamics for {omega}{approx_gt}25 meV. For {omega}{lt}25 meV, temperature provides the only energy scale for the magnetic excitations with the dynamical susceptibility described by a universal scaling function {chi}{double_prime}({omega},{ital T}){similar_to}{omega}{sup {minus}1/3}{ital Z}({omega}/{ital T}). We argue that {ital S}({omega}) represents critical scattering associated with a {ital T}=0 phase transition, whose origin lies with the magnetic screening of individual uranium ions.
Random luteinizing hormone often remains pubertal in children treated with the histrelin implant for central precocious puberty.

Objective To investigate the use of random ultrasensitive (US) luteinizing hormone (LH) levels to monitor children being treated with a histrelin implant for central precocious puberty (CPP). Study design This was a prospective, uncontrolled, observational study at a pediatric endocrinology tertiary center. Thirty-three children (26 girls; mean age 7.2 ± 2.5 years) treated with a histrelin implant for CPP were enrolled. A random US LH measurement was obtained at 6 months, and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog stimulation test was performed at 12 months. Clinic visits occurred at baseline and at 6-month intervals. Results In 59% of the patients (17 of 29), the 6-month random US LH exceeded the prepubertal range of ≤0.3 IU/L. In contrast, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog stimulation tests revealed complete hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis suppression (peak LH Conclusion The random US LH level does not revert to a prepubertal range in more than one-half of patients with a histrelin implant and documented hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis suppression. Long-term studies are needed to elucidate the optimal strategy for monitoring treatment in children with CPP.
Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nuclease Digestion, and Mass Spectrometry Based Assay for the Trinucleotide Repeat Status of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Gene

CGG repeat expansions in the 5' noncoding region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) give rise to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative human diseases depending on the length of the expansion. Expansions beyond 200 repeats (full mutation) generally result in gene silencing and fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable form of cognitive impairment and autism. Smaller expansions (55-200 CGG repeats; "premutation") give rise to the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) through an entirely distinct, toxic mRNA gain-of-function mechanism. A rapid means for both high-risk and newborn screening for allele size would provide a greater opportunity for early intervention and family counseling as well as furnish critical data on repeat size distribution and expanded allele frequencies. In the current work, we propose a novel mass spectrometry (MS) based method for the rapid identification of expanded CGG repeats to complement a recently described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for large population screening. In this combined approach, the optimized PCR method is used to amplify the relevant region of FMR1, followed by extensive nonspecific nuclease digestion. The resulting oligonucleotides are analyzed by MS in a manner that provides the relative proportion of triplet repeat oligonucleotides in seconds per sample. This assay enables swift and reproducible detection of expanded CGG alleles using a single blood spot and in principle is suitable for large scale studies and newborn screening. Moreover, this analytical scheme establishes a unique new intersection of MS with molecular biology, with potential for significant interdisciplinary impact.
Diversity among enterprise online communities: collaborating, teaming, and innovating through social media

There is a growing body of research into the adoption and use of social software in enterprises. However, less is known about how groups, such as communities, use and appropriate these technologies, and the implications for community structures. In a study of 188 very active online enterprise communities, we found systematic differences in size, demographics and participation, aligned with differences in community types. Different types of communities differed in their appropriation of social software tools to create and use shared resources, and build relationships. We propose implications for design of community support features, services for potential community members, and organizations looking to derive value from online groups.
Professional Ethics and Intellectual Property—A National Study

Abstract This study is based upon 256 responses to a questionnaire published in the January, 1989 JOPERD. The questionnaire included a range of questions on professional ethics with primary focus on the topic of intellectual property. Replies were accepted through April, 1989.
A Fire in Our Hearts: Passion and the Art of Surgery

Background Surgery is a profoundly exciting and rewarding profession, so it is alarming to see a diminishing of passion for the field in the trainees that are now coming through our doors. The attrition rate of surgical residents is unacceptably high, especially when compared with other fields.
Bromodomain analysis of Brd2-dependent transcriptional activation of cyclin A.

Cyclin A is regulated primarily through transcription control during the mammalian cell cycle. A dual mechanism of cyclin A transcriptional repression involves, on the one hand, promoter-bound inhibitory complexes of E2F transcription factors and RB (retinoblastoma) family proteins, and on the other, chromatin-directed histone deacetylase activity that is recruited to the cyclin A promoter early in the cell cycle in association with these RB proteins. This dual regulation maintains transcriptional silence of the cyclin A locus until its transcription is required in S-phase. At that time, RB family members dissociate from E2F proteins and nucleosomal restructuring of the locus takes place, to permit transcriptional activation and resultant S-phase progression to proceed. We have identified a double bromo-domain-containing protein Brd2, which exhibits apparent ‘scaffold’ or transcriptional adapter functions and mediates recruitment of both E2F transcription factors and chromatin-remodelling activity to the cyclin A promoter. We have shown previously that Brd2-containing nuclear, multiprotein complexes contain E2F-1 and -2. In the present study, we show that, in S-phase, they also contain histone H4-directed acetylase activity. Overexpression of Brd2 in fibroblasts accelerates the cell cycle through increased expression of cyclin A and its associated cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies show that Brd2 is physically present at the cyclin A promoter and its overexpression promotes increased histone H4 acetylation at the promoter as it becomes transcriptionally active, suggesting a new model for the dual regulation of cyclin A.
USE OF 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FASTING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

Fasting has been the most useful general test for diagnosis of hypoglycemia in children but may require 36 to 48 hours. 2-De-oxyglucose (2DG) is a competitive inhibitor of glucose transport which rapidly and selectively stimulates the hypothalamic counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia. 2DG was evaluated as an alternative to fasting by administering both fasting and 2DG tests to 7 children found to be normal and to 14 found to have fasting hypoglycemia (ages 2 to 11). 2DG (50 mg/kg) was given IV over 30 minutes and samples collected for 3 hours. In the normal children glucose increased 30 mg% (14 to 54). In the hypoglycemic children glucose did not increase (-30 to +3 mg%) (p < .001). Insulin remained at low fasting levels except in one child with an insulinoma. Normal children excreted urinary epinephrine at a maximum of 310 ng/mg creatinine (250 to 430) 2 to 3 hours after 2DG. This was greater than the maximum after fasting, 130 ng/mg creatinine (20 to 310). In 11 of the hypoglycemic children the maximum epinephrine excretion after 2DG was well below the normal range (20 to 200 ng/mg creatinine) and no other cause of hypoglycemia was found. The 2DG test is therefore superior to fasting in identifying epinephrine deficiency. It is concluded that the glucose response to 2DG is as reliable as fasting in distinguishing normal from hypoglycemic children and has the advantage of being more rapid without producing symptoms.
Novel Therapeutics for Chemotherapy-Resistant Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Patients with chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukaemia are rarely cured by non-allogeneic transplant therapies. Multiple new investigational agents have become available for treatment of these patients and there are few tools to permit rational drug and clinical trial selection. In this review, we describe the chemical and biological properties of some of these agents and some of their initial clinical activity to date. The selected agents react with either cell surface molecules or signal pathway intermediates and include antibody and antibody conjugates to CD33 and CD45, a fusion protein directed to the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, an anti-sense oligonucleotide to Bcl2, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, and a protein kinase C agonist/inhibitor. The challenge for the next decade will be how to select patients for particular molecularly targeted therapeutics and how to combine these agents.
Global issues in women's health☆

World population growth in the past century has taxed the ability of healthcare systems in low-income countries to provide reproductive health care. Maternal mortality and morbidity, sexually transmitted diseases, and cervical cancer are major problems. Expansion of reproductive health services, training of appropriate medical personnel, and elevating the status of women in society are all necessary and appropriate solutions to improve the health of women in low-income countries.
Crystal structure analysis of the desolvation of the chloroform solvate of griseofulvin

Abstract The crystal structures of the chloroform solvate and a non-solvated form of griseofulvin were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. There are substantial differences in the packing arrangements of the two forms. The chloroform molecules in the solvate are arranged in layers perpendicular to the c-axis. This dictates the direction which the solvent can exit from the crystal.
A direct route to fluostatin C by a fascinating Diels-Alder reaction.

The Diels−Alder reactions between vinylindenes (5 or 6) as the dienes with quinoneketals (7 or 8) or with methacrolein as the dienophiles were investigated. The remarkable regioselectivities of these Diels−Alder adducts suggested that the regiopreferences of these dienes and dienophiles in these cases are not a fixed property of each component of the cycloaddition but are mutually contigent. This paper shows how the Diels−Alder reaction between 6 and 8 was applied to the inaugural total syntheses of fluostatin C and E.
A flexible integration and visualisation system for biomarker discovery.

Biological data have accumulated at an unprecedented pace as a result of improvements in molecular technologies. However, the translation of data into information, and subsequently into knowledge, requires the intricate interplay of data access, visualisation and interpretation. Biological data are complex and are organised either hierarchically or non-hierarchically. For non-hierarchically organised data, it is difficult to view relationships among biological facts. In addition, it is difficult to make changes in underlying data storage without affecting the visualisation interface. Here, we demonstrate a platform where non-hierarchically organised data can be visualised through the application of a customised hierarchy incorporating medical subject headings (MeSH) classifications. This platform gives users flexibility in updating and manipulation. It can also facilitate fresh scientific insight by highlighting biological impacts across different hierarchical branches. An example of the integration of biomarker information from the curated Proteome® database ( http://www.biobase-International.com/ ) using MeSH and the StarTree® visualisation tool is presented.
Hopeful thinking, participation, and depressive symptoms three months after stroke

This study was designed to examine hopeful thinking, depressive symptoms, and participation in meaningful activities and roles for survivors 3 months after stroke. It was predicted that: (a) participation would predict lower depressive symptoms; (b) higher hopeful thinking (i.e., beliefs in one's goal pursuit abilities) would predict lower depressive symptoms; and (c) higher hopeful thinking would predict better participation. Three months after stroke, 110 participants completed measures of disability, participation, depressive symptoms, and hopeful thinking. Contrary to the first hypothesis, participation did not independently predict depressive symptoms after controlling for more basic activity limitations (physical, memory, communication). As predicted, hopeful thinking was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms. Hopeful thinking did not directly predict participation, but it moderated relationships of activity functioning to participation. Results suggest that participation and hopeful thinki...
Synthesis of fused pyrrolines by the intramolecular cycloadition of azides application to the pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide 4 proceeds through triazoline 5 and vinyl aziridine 6, resulting in the formation of the 1,5-homodienyl shift product 7 and the tetrahydropyrrolizines 8 and 9. Compound 8 represents a formal total synthesis of supinidine.
Pre-treatment step with Leuconostoc mesenteroides or L. pseudomesenteroides strains removes furfural from Zymomonas mobilis ethanolic fermentation broth

Abstract Furfural is an inhibitor of growth and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis. This study used a naturally occurring (not GMO) biological pre-treatment to reduce that amount of furfural in a model fermentation broth. Pre-treatment involved inoculating and incubating the fermentation broth with strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides or Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. The Leuconostoc strains converted furfural to furfuryl alcohol without consuming large amounts of dextrose in the process. Coupling this pre-treatment to ethanolic fermentation reduced furfural in the broth and improved growth, dextrose uptake and ethanol formation. Pre-treatment permitted ethanol formation in the presence of 5.2 g L−1 furfural, which was otherwise inhibitive. The pre-treatment and presence of the Leuconostoc strains in the fermentation broth did not interfere with Z. mobilis ethanolic fermentation or the amounts of ethanol produced. The method suggests a possible technique for reducing the effect that furfural has on the production of ethanol for use as a biofuel.
Classifying critical factors that influence community acceptance of mining projects for discrete choice experiments in the United States

Abstract Local community acceptance is a key indicator of the socio-political risk associated with a mining project. Discrete choice modeling could enhance stakeholder analysis, a critical step in community engagement. This paper seeks to identify and classify key mining project characteristics and demographic factors that influence individual acceptance of mining projects for discrete choice experiments. Six demographic factors were selected and project characteristics were classified into 16 characteristics, based on the literature. A survey of residents of mining and non-mining communities was used to test the hypothesis that these mine characteristics and demographic factors will influence respondents' decision to accept a proposed mining project. Four (age, gender, income and education) of the six demographic factors were confirmed to be significantly ( p
A portable, universal patient positioning and holding system for use in the burn patient 'The Burnwalter'.

A technique is described for the intra-operative positioning of the burn patient, which allows circumferential access without the need for specialized equipment or extra personnel. The equipment is available in any standard operating room and table without the need for redesign or new construction. In addition, it allows full 360° access and eliminates the need for extra personnel to hold proper positioning. This allows for more efficient operating and should minimize the unwanted sequelae of hypothermia and blood loss. Operating time may be decreased and the patient may require less operative procedures. The same or more work can be done by less personnel, in less time, with no added cost.
Potassium recycling in the renal medulla: effects of acute potassium chloride administration to rats fed a potassium-free diet.

Potassium recycling in the renal medulla: Effects of acute potassium chloride administration to rats fed a potassium-free diet. According to the hypothesis of potassium recycling in the renal medulla, a portion of potassium in fluid in the medullary collecting duct is reabsorbed, trapped in the medullary interstitium by countercurrent exchange, and secreted in either the pars recta or descending limb of the juxtamedul-lary nephron. To examine the effects of an acute change in potassium balance on recycling, we performed a micropuncture study on the exposed papilla of 8 rats fed a potassium-free diet for 3 days and then infused with potassium chloride. A second group of 6 rats was studied under identical conditions and infused with potassium chloride and amiloride. In the first group, the fraction of filtered potassium remaining at the end of the juxtamedullary descending limb increased with time to values over 100% concomitantly with the rise in urinary excretion of potassium. A strong association was found between those two variables (P > 0.025). In the second group, in which the increase in urinary fractional excretion of potassium was prevented by amiloride, the rise in fraction of filtered potassium remaining at the end of the juxtamedullary nephron was abolished. These findings are interpreted as providing further support for the hypothesis of medullary recycling of potassium. Recyclage du potassium dans la medullaire renale: Effets de l'administration aigue de chlorure de potassium a des rats nourris avec une alimentation sans potassium. L'hypothese du recyclage du potassium dans la medullaire renale implique qu'une partie du potassium du canal collecteur medullaire soit reabsorbee, emprisonnee dans l'interstitium medullaire par l'echange a contre-courant et secrete soit dans la pars recta, soit dans la branche descendante du nephron juxta-medullaire. Afin d'etudier les effets d'une modification aigue du bilan de potassium sur le recyclage, une etude par microponction a ete realisee sur la papille exposee chez 8 rats nourris avec une alimentation sans potassium pendant trois jours et perfuses avec du chlorure de potassium. Un deuxieme groupe de 6 rats a ete etudie dans des conditions identiques et perfuse avec du chlorure de potassium et de l'amiloride. Dans le premier groupe la fraction de potassium filtre delivree a la fin de la branche descendante juxta-medullaire a augmente en fonction du temps jusqu'a des valeurs superieures a 100% en meme temps qu'augmentait l'excretion urinaire de potassium. Une association etroite entre ces deux variables a ete constatee (P
Teaching Abroad: A Cross-Cultural Journey

In this study, the author explored (a) the impact of culture on the process of adapting to academic employment and life in Cairo, Egypt and (b) the meaning derived from her experience abroad as a professor of management and adult learner. Experience with global travel may help instructors empathize more with foreign students and expatriate managers who are attending classes or executive MBA programs in the United States. In addition, the author sought to stimulate the sharing of similar experiences so that faculty members are better prepared to teach in foreign countries and conduct research during expatriation. She hopes to continue the discussion regarding the transferability of American management theories to foreign countries.
Results from the ANITA-II Search for Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos

Abstract The ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) is a balloon-borne radio telescope, designed to detect coherent Cherenkov emission from cosmogenic ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos ( E > 10 18 eV ). In a blind analysis of data from the second flight of ANITA, we find one candidate neutrino event on a background (thermal and man-made noise) of 0.97 ± 0.42, and set the strongest limit to date on the cosmogenic neutrino flux from 10 18 – 10 21 eV .
Using Kalman filter and finite difference techniques in default free bond pricing models

A model to price default free bonds, similar to ones developed by Cox, Ingersoll and Ross, Langetieg, and Richard, is empirically examined. Calculation of model prices involves three disjoint tasks: (1) estimation of the values of the real interest rate and the inflation rate (which we will refer to as state variables or sources of uncertainty) as well as the parameters of the state stochastic differential equations, (2) estimation of the market prices of risk associated with the two state variables, and (3) the solution of the valuation partial differential equation. Task 1 is accomplished by using a Kalman Filter algorithm, task 2 uses a Fama/MacBeth approach, and task 3 utilizes an Alternating Direction Implicit finite difference technique. Model prices are compared to actual prices. The model performs better during a period of relatively stable economic conditions compared to a period associated with more volatile conditions. Pricing errors are smaller at short maturities, and increase as time to maturity increases.
Cervical spine fracture patterns mandating screening to rule out blunt cerebrovascular injury.

Background Aggressive screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) and prompt anticoagulation for documented injuries has resulted in a significant reduction in ischemic neurologic events. An association between vertebral artery injuries (VAIs) and specific cervical spine fracture patterns has been suggested; however, current screening guidelines would subject all patients with cervical spine fractures to imaging because no distinction has been made for carotid artery injuries (CAIs). We hypothesized that specific cervical spine fracture patterns that warrant screening evaluation exist, hence limiting unwarranted diagnostic imaging. Methods Patients undergoing screening for BCVI on the basis of injury patterns and mechanism have been prospectively followed at our regional trauma center since January 1996. Results During the study period from January 1996 to January 2005, there were 17,007 blunt trauma admissions. Twenty-three patients presented with symptoms of BCVI. Screening angiography was performed in 766 patients (4.5%), and diagnosed 258 (34%) patients with BCVI. One hundred twenty-five patients with BCVI had cervical spine fractures; 18 patients had isolated CAI; 84 had isolated VAI, and 23 had combined CAI and VAI. Eight patients with VAI had minor cervical fractures but underwent screening for other injury patterns. Fractures in the remaining patients with BCVI were 1 of 3 patterns. Subluxations in 56 (48%) patients, C1 to C3 cervical spine fractures in 42 (36%), or extension of the fracture through the foramen transversarium in 19 (16%). Cervical spine fractures were the sole indication for screening in 90% of the study population. Screening yield of all patients admitted with 1 of these 3 fracture patterns was 37%. Conclusions Blunt cerebrovascular injury is associated with complex cervical spine fractures that include subluxation, extension into the foramen transversarium, or upper C1 to C3 fractures. Patients sustaining such cervical fractures should undergo prompt screening.
CLASS DIFFERENCES IN THE ATTITUDES OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

not money in the pursuit of a rather abstract long-range goal. The therapist is unable to promise the patient future freedom from illness or discomfort and, in fact, can only promise increased awareness of the self. It is almost unnecessary to point out that psychiatrists and psychotherapists are from upper social class backgrounds and have the values and biases characteristic of their group. They are themselves highly complex intellectualizing people with many very complicated and obscure motivations. They are usually somewhat introspective and are acutely aware of their own psychological processes. They tend to look for and to hope to find these qualities in their patients. They do not want to deal with the problems of their patients on an immediate concrete basis, but want to refer it to the past and to the future. They tend to value most highly the approach to treatment that they would want for themselves if they become ill and may have guilt about and dislike for the use of other forms of treatment. They tend to feel that the patient who does not desire to use the type of approach that they think is appropriate is either lacking in motivation to help himself or is inept in responding to their skills. This is all by way of saying that intensive psychotherapy is a form of treatment invented for intellectualizing people by intellectualizing people and is applicable only to those people for whom it has meaning and significance. Its applicability is not a valid criteria for evaluating patients as to heir motivation to help themselves or for their ability to utilize help. It would seem much more logical to let the needs and characteristics of This content downloaded from 157.55.39.215 on Wed, 31 Aug 2016 04:28:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Conserved expression of a B-type nuclear lamin in different tissues of the sea urchin.

To study patterns of lamin expression in sea urchins, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to probe 2-D immunoblots ofStrongylocentrotus purpuratusandLytechinus pictusembryos and adult tissues. Three major charge isoforms of a single Mr70,000 lamin are common to different tissues ofS. purpuratus,and are accompanied by two-to-four more variable minor charge variants.L. pictusexpresses and Mr70,000 lamin that is distinct from that ofS. purpuratusin pI, yet displays essentially the same pattern of major and minor charge isoforms. The results demonstrate that the single lamin gene product so far identified in sea urchin embryos appears to be constitutively expressed in most cells, and that three major charge isoforms are common to these different cell types.
Perceived obsolescence, organizational embeddedness, and turnover of it workers: an empirical study

Technical skill currency is especially important to IT professionals, yet past research has not integrated perceived obsolescence into the nomological net with organizational embeddedness when investigating IT workers' turnover intentions. Responding to a call for additional research on IT worker turnover we utilize a sample of 1,777 IT workers in a very large and complex IT organization and find that organizational embeddedness explains significant incremental variance beyond the traditional turnover model. The findings presented here show that organizational embeddedness is an essential mediator between perceived skill obsolescence and IT voluntary turnover. Our data also show that the effect of perceived obsolescence on embeddedness is moderated by age. This work provides organizations with insights on why employees choose to stay in an organization, or leave it. We find that both fit and sacrifice dimensions of embeddedness mediate the relationship between perceived skill obsolescence and turnover intention, but that only the sacrifice dimension is a full mediator. These findings suggest that turnover intention is a multivariate issue and that future IT turnover research needs to include other variables such as perceived obsolescence and age. Furthermore there is a need for future research on the role of the specific dimensions of embeddedness. We suggest strategies to reduce voluntary turnover based on the predictive variables in the research model.
Helen Woodard Atwater: A Leader of Leaders

This article chronicles the life of Helen W. Atwater, a leader of leaders, and emissary for journalistic expertise, home economics, and women's role in civil society. Atwater's career as a writer and editor encompassed three decades in the early twentieth century during which she prepared reports for the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Office of Home Economics, served as the first full-time editor of the Journal of Home Economics, and participated in early public policy advocacy of the American Home Economics Association. Atwater's active membership in many professional organizations contributed to the understanding of home economics outside of the profession.
Plasma LH and gonadal LH-binding cells in normal and surgically decapitated chick embryos

Abstract Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and the numerical density (Nv) of gonadal LH-binding (LH-positive) cells were determined in intact male and female chick embryos from Days 10.5 through 18.5 of incubation for plasma LH and from Days 6.5 through 19.5 for LH-binding cells, as well as in Day 15.5 decapitated (“hypophysectomized”) embryos with pituitary transplants for both plasma LH and LH-binding cells. The data demonstrate that LH is already present in the plasma of male and female embryos as early as Day 10.5, the first day examined. Plasma LH levels in hypophysectomized embryos were statistically significantly lower than those of intact embryos, while pituitary transplants to the chorioallantoic membrane of hypophysectomized embryos elevated plasma LH concentrations to levels not statistically different from those of intacts. The “role(s)” of plasma LH levels and changes in form and numerical density (Nv) of gonadal LH-binding cells in the maturation of the pituitary-gonadal axes of the chick embryo are discussed and evaluated.
Phospholipid Scramblase 1 Binds to the Promoter Region of the Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Receptor Type 1 Gene to Enhance Its Expression

Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a multiply palmitoylated, endofacial membrane protein originally identified based on its capacity to promote accelerated transbilayer phospholipid movement in response to Ca(2+). Recent evidence suggests that this protein also participates in cell response to various growth factors and cytokines, influencing myeloid differentiation, tumor growth, and the antiviral activity of interferon. Whereas plasma membrane PLSCR1 was shown to be required for normal recruitment and activation of Src kinase by stimulated cell surface growth factor receptors, PLSCR1 was also found to traffic into the nucleus and to tightly bind to genomic DNA, suggesting a possible additional nuclear function. We now report evidence that PLSCR1 directly binds to the 5'-promoter region of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 gene (IP3R1) to enhance expression of the receptor. Probing a CpG island genomic library with PLSCR1 as bait identified four clones with avidity for PLSCR1, including a 191-bp fragment of the IP3R1 promoter. Using electrophoretic mobility shift and transcription reporter assays, the PLSCR1-binding site in IP3R1 was mapped to residues (-101)GTAACCATGTGGA(-89), and the segment spanning Met(86)-Glu(118) in PLSCR1 was identified to mediate its transcriptional activity. The significance of this interaction between PLSCR1 and IP3R1 in situ was confirmed by comparing levels of IP3R1 mRNA and protein in matched cells that either expressed or were deficient in PLSCR1. These data suggest that in addition to its role at the plasma membrane, effects of PLSCR1 on cell proliferative and maturational responses may also relate to alterations in expression of cellular IP3 receptors.
QUANTITATIVE HEPATOBILIARY SCINTIGRAPHY WITH DECONVOLUTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR THE MEASUREMETN OF HEPATIC FUNCTION IN DOGS

A nuclear medicine procedure that has been used for quantification of hepatocyte function in man is applied and validated in the dog. This procedure employs deconvolutional analysis of liver and heart time activity curves obtained following peripheral intravenous injection of hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical. The deconvolutional analysis simulates a bolus injection of the radiopharmaceutical into the afferent blood supple of the liver which permits the calculation of the hepatic extraction fraction. Hepatic extraction fraction is a measure of hepatocyte function. In this report, the deconvolutional analysis via fast Fourier transformations and subsequent calculation of hepatic extraction fraction is validated by direct afferent intravascular ijection of 99mTc-mebrofenin. The hepatic extraction fraction determined via deconvolutional analysis was found to be the same as the first pass hepatic extraction fraction determined via deconvolutional analysis was found to be the same as the first pass hepatic extraction fraction determined by direct mesenteric (portal) vein injection. The same results can be obtained in a sedated animal, making the technique clinically applicable. Thus hepatic extraction fraction, obtained from a perlpheral intravenous injection of 99mTc-mebrofenin, can provide a quatitative measure of hepatocyte function from a non-invasive procedure. The quantitative ability to measure hepatocyte function has potential in many clinical and research situations.
The asymptotic distribution of traces of Maass-Poincaré series

Abstract We establish an asymptotic formula with a power savings in the error term for traces of CM values of a family of Maass–Poincare series which contains the modular j-function as a special case. By work of Borcherds (1998) [2] , Zagier (2002) [31] , and Bringmann and Ono (2007) [4] , these traces are Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight weakly holomorphic modular forms and Maass forms.
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reverses the loss of functional hyperemia in diabetic retinopathy

Neuronal activity leads to arteriole dilation and increased blood flow in retinal vessels. This response, termed functional hyperemia, is diminished in the retinas of diabetic patients, possibly contributing to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism responsible for this loss is unknown. Here we show that light-evoked arteriole dilation was reduced by 58% in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of type 1 diabetes. Functional hyperemia is believed to be mediated by glial cells and we found that glial-evoked vasodilation was reduced by 60% in diabetic animals. The diabetic retinas showed neither a decrease in the thickness of the retinal layers nor an increase in neuronal loss, although signs of early glial reactivity and an upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected. Inhibition of iNOS restored both light- and glial-evoked dilations to control levels. These findings suggest that high NO levels resulting from iNOS upregulation alters glial control of vessel diameter and may underlie the loss of functional hyperemia observed in diabetic retinopathy. Restoring functional hyperemia by iNOS inhibition may limit the progression of retinopathy in diabetic patients.
Modeling, calibration, and control-theoretic analysis of the GMAW process

We discuss the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) control problem. We give an overview of the problem. We then describe both an analytical and an experimental model of the process. We conclude with experimental results of single-input, single-output and multi-loop control strategies applied to the process.
LAO: a heuristic search algorithm that finds solutions with loops

Classic heuristic search algorithms can find solutions that take the form of a simple path (A*), a tree, or an acyclic graph (AO*). In this paper, we describe a novel generalization of heuristic search, called LAO*, that can find solutions with loops. We show that LAO* can be used to solve Markov decision problems and that it shares the advantage heuristic search has over dynamic programming for other classes of problems. Given a start state, it can find an optimal solution without evaluating the entire state space.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Protein in African Diets

: This research investigated the adequacy of protein and the four most critical essential amino acids in the food of Subsaharan Africa in 1987 and 1990. Estimates of food supplies used FAO reports of production, adjusted for imports and exports. Grains were found to have supplied about half of the protein, supplemented mainly by animal products, fish, pulses and oilseeds. Approximately two-fifths of the people lived in countries in which computed daily per capita supplies of protein were under 60 grams. Much protein was not of high quality. Thus, few two-year olds lived in countries where they received half or more of estimated needs for the four most critical essential amino acids as reported by the 1985 Joint FAO/WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation. Except for tryptophan, the situation for 10–12 year-old boys was no better, though that for adults seemed less serious. The deficit may be growing as food production per capita is declining. The biggest increases in production have been for such low protein foods as cassava and bananas/plantain and lower protein grains. Most countries lack financial resources to import much protein-rich food. With expanded production, soybeans could enrich diets. Increased production of other higher protein foods also is needed. RESUME Cette etude cherche a determiner si la teneur en proteines et en quatre des principaux acides amines des aliments consommes en Afrique subsaharienne en 1987 et 1990 etait suffisante. Les estimations sur les disponibilites alimentaires, etablies en fonction des rapports de production de la FAO, ont ete ajustees pour les importations et les exportations. Pres de la moitie des proteines consommees en Afrique subsaharienne proviennent des cereales, ensuite des productions animales, du poisson, des legumineuses et des oleagineux. Pres des deux cinquiemes de la population de cette region vit dans des pays ou la ration proteique quotidienne est inferieure a 60 grammes. La teneur en proteines de la plupart des aliments n'etant pas tres elevee, peu d'enfants de deux ans ont survecu dans les pays ou - comme l'a rapporte un groupe d'experts de la FAO, de l'OMS et de l'Universite des Nations Unies (UNU), a leur reunion consultative conjointe de 1985 - au moins la moitie de leurs besoins estimatifs en quatre des principaux acides amines n'ont pu etre satifaits. Si la situation des garcons de 10 a 12 ans n'a guere ete meilleure, sauf pour ce qui concerne le tryptophan, il semble que celle des adultes n'a pas ete aussi inquietante. Le deficit vivrier semble s'aggraver. La production alimentaire par habitant est en baisse. Les hausses de production les plus importantes ont ete enregistrees pour des cereales et des produits a faible teneur proteique, tels le manioc, la banane douce et la banane plantain. Faute de ressources financieres suffisantes, la plupart des pays ne peuvent importer beaucoup de produits alimentaires riches en proteines. Une hausse de la production de soja et d'autres aliments a plus haute teneur en proteines que ceux consommes en Afrique subsaharienne, contribuerait a ameliorer le regime alimentaire des populations de cette region.