cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Distributional Consequences of Foreign Transfers: Do they Reduce or Exacerbate Inequality?

This paper studies the impact of foreign transfers on the recipient country'’s aggregate economic performance, as well as its distribution of wealth and income, within a dynamic two-sector dependent economy framework. The transfers may take the form of a pure flow of resources, devoted to debt reduction, or alternatively they may be allocated to the productivity enhancement of the traded or nontraded sector, via investment in the sector’s infrastructure. The effect of the transfer on aggregate economic performance depends crucially upon: (i) the relative capital intensities of the two productive sectors, and (ii) the allocation of the transfers across the sectors. The consequences for wealth and income inequality depend not only upon these two factors, but also upon (iii) the economy’s access to the world financial market. Most of the analysis is conducted using numerical simulations, where we characterize the dynamic evolution of both the aggregate economy and wealth/income inequality. Whether growth and inequality are positively or negatively associated over time depends upon the three factors noted above. In this regard, the analysis can be reconciled with the contrasting range of empirical evidence.
Snf1 is a regulator of lipid accumulation in Yarrowia lipolytica.

ABSTRACT In the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, de novo lipid synthesis and accumulation are induced under conditions of nitrogen limitation (or a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio). The regulatory pathway responsible for this induction has not been identified. Here we report that the SNF1 pathway plays a key role in the transition from the growth phase to the oleaginous phase in Y. lipolytica. Strains with a Y. lipolyticasnf1 (Ylsnf1) deletion accumulated fatty acids constitutively at levels up to 2.6-fold higher than those of the wild type. When introduced into a Y. lipolytica strain engineered to produce omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Ylsnf1 deletion led to a 52% increase in EPA titers (7.6% of dry cell weight) over the control. Other components of the Y. lipolytica SNF1 pathway were also identified, and their function in limiting fatty acid accumulation is suggested by gene deletion analyses. Deletion of the gene encoding YlSnf4, YlGal83, or YlSak1 significantly increased lipid accumulation in both growth and oleaginous phases compared to the wild type. Furthermore, microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of the Ylsnf1 mutant identified significantly differentially expressed genes during de novo lipid synthesis and accumulation in Y. lipolytica. Gene ontology analysis found that these genes were highly enriched with genes involved in lipid metabolism. This work presents a new role for Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in lipid accumulation in this oleaginous yeast.
Railroad electrification in the United States

The history of railroad electrification falls into three phases that we might designate the primitive, the pioneer, and the mature. The first was the period of preliminary experiment covering the mid-Nineteenth Century. The second, concentrated in the decade of 1895- 1905, was marked by the first successful installations in Europe and the United States. The third, the age of technological maturity, grew directly out of the previous period.
Coseismic stress changes induced by the 1989 Loma Prieta, California Earthquake

Earthquake focal mechanisms from before and after the 1989 Loma Prieta, California earthquake are used to infer the coseismic stress change. Before the main shock, most earthquakes correspond to right lateral slip on planes sub-parallel to the San Andreas fault, and imply a generally N-S most compressional stress axis and a vertical intermediate stress axis. Aftershocks within the main shock rupture zone, however, display almost every style and orientation of faulting, implying an extremely heterogeneous stress field. This suggests that the main shock relieved most, if not all, of the shear stress acting on its fault plane. Aftershocks that lie on the perimeter of the rupture agree with spatially uniform stress states, but only when considered in three groups: north, south, and above the main shock rupture area. In each of these areas the stress state may reflect stress transfer by the main shock.
Enhancing the role of nutrition professionals in weight management: A cross sectional survey

Objective (1) To determine the nonphysician health profession perceived as best qualified to provide weight management. (2) To examine nutrition professionals' current practice characteristics and perceived challenges and solutions for obesity care. (3) To examine the association between nutrition professionals' quality of training and self-efficacy in weight management. Methods A 2014 national cross-sectional online survey of 500 U.S. nonphysician health professionals (100 from each: nutrition, nursing, behavioral/mental health, exercise, pharmacy) was analyzed. Results Nutrition professionals most commonly self-identified as the most qualified group to help patients lose weight (92%), sentiments supported by other health professionals (57%). The most often cited challenge was lack of patient adherence (87%). Among nutrition professionals, 77% reported receiving high-quality training in weight loss counseling. Nutrition professionals who reported high-quality training were significantly more likely to report confidence (95% vs. 48%) and success (74 vs. 50%) in helping obese patients lose weight (P < 0.05) than those reporting lower-quality training. Conclusions Across all nonphysician health professionals, nutrition professionals were identified as best suited to provide routine weight management counseling to obese patients. Yet nutrition professionals' receipt of high-quality weight management training appears critical to their success in helping patients lose weight.
A temporal motif mining approach to unsupervised energy disaggregation: applications to residential and commercial buildings

Non-intrusive appliance load monitoring has emerged as an attractive approach to study energy consumption patterns without instrumenting every device in a building. The ensuing computational problem is to disaggregate total energy usage into usage by specific devices, to gain insight into consumption patterns. We exploit the temporal ordering implicit in on/off events of devices to uncover motifs (episodes) corresponding to the operation of individual devices. Extracted motifs are then subjected to a sequence of constraint checks to ensure that the resulting episodes are interpretable. Our results reveal that motif mining is adept at distinguishing devices with multiple power levels and at disentangling the combinatorial operation of devices. With suitably configured processing steps, we demonstrate the applicability of our method to both residential and commercial buildings.
Differential Localization of Glutathione‐S‐Transferase Yp and Yb Subunits in Oligodendrocytes and Astrocytes of Rat Brain

: Glutathione-S-transferase Yb subunits were recently identified in rat brain and localized to astrocytes, ependymal cells lining the ventricles, subventricular zone cells, and tanycytes. Another isoform, Yp (π family), was detected in rat brain by immunoblotting, and its mRNA was detected by Northern hybridizations. Double immunofluorescence localized Yb and Yp in different glial cells. The strongly Yp-positive cells were identified as oligodendrocytes by virtue of their arrangement in rows in white-matter tracts, colocalization in strongly carbonic anhydrase-positive cells, and association with myelinated tracts in the corpus striatum. Ependymal cells in the choroid plexus and ventricular lining were also strongly Yp positive, whereas Yb was not detected in the choroid plexus. The occurrence of Yp at low levels in astrocytes was indicated after immunostaining by a sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, which revealed weak staining of those cells in the molecular layer of the cortex. The data suggest that Yb and Yp subunits are primarily localized to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively, and that both are absent from neurons. The glutathione-S-transferase in oligodendrocytes may participate in the removal of toxins from the vicinity of the myelin sheath. The finding of glutathione-S-transferases in ependymal cells and astrocytes in the brain also suggests that this enzyme could be a first line of defense against toxic substances.
Involvement of the Ku autoantigen in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks.

Abstract The Ku autoantigen is a well-characterized heterodimer of 70 and 86 kDa that binds to DNA ends, but its cellular function has been obscure. An electrophoretic mobility-shift assay and Ku antisera were used to show that Ku or a closely related protein was deficient in three mutant hamster cell lines from x-ray-sensitive complementation group 5, which is characterized by defects in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Furthermore, Ku protein expression was restored when the cells reverted to x-ray resistance. The Ku p86 gene maps to human chromosome 2q33-35, and group 5 cells are rescued by almost precisely the same region, 2q34-36. Thus, biochemical and genetic evidence suggests that Ku is involved in pathways for DNA recombination and repair. By its association with a DNA-dependent protein kinase activated by DNA ends, Ku may also initiate a signaling pathway induced by DNA damage, perhaps for cell cycle arrest.
Frozen section biopsy assessment for the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients undergoing revision of arthroplasties

Despite progress in techniques, early or late deep infection develops in 1 to 5% of patients with prosthetic joint replacements. We report a retrospective review of 64 original frozen sections (FSs) compared with permanent sections, the preoperative clinical and intraoperative findings, and the subsequent culture results. A histologic section, frozen or permanent, was considered positive for infection if there were more than five polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) per high power field, excluding surface fibrin and inflammatory exudate, in at least five separate microscopic fields. The sensitivity of an FS as a diagnostic test to detect prosthetic infection when present was 43%. The specificity of an FS to correctly identify the absence of infection was 97%. These data support the conclusion that the FS is reasonably specific but not a sensitive diagnostic modality. If the preoperative evaluation is completely negative and the FS does not reveal PMNs, the reimplantation can be performed with minimal concern regarding the possibility of infection. If the preoperative and intraoperative evaluations are completely negative but PMNs are observed in the FS, then the surgeon should consider proceeding with caution; the decision to proceed with reimplantation might be delayed, depending on the surgeon's clinical assessment.
Conceptual and Empirical Models of Governance and Public Management

The three articles in this symposium were among the nine presented at the panel on Conceptual and Empirical Models of Governance and Public Management of the tenth International Research Symposium ...
A Descending Optimal Auction for Procuring Bases of a Matroid

Consider the following "structured" procurement problem: A buyer wishes to procure a set of items (e.g., edges of a graph) from multiple suppliers, such that the procured items collectively form a basis of a matroid (e.g., a spanning tree of the graph). Each supplier is capable of supplying one item with a private cost. An item can have many competing suppliers. The goal is to minimize the buyer's expected cost. In this note, we propose a simple (in the sense that it is trivial for each supplier to determine her optimal bidding strategy) descending auction for this problem and prove its optimality.
Boosting Pattern Matching Performance via k-bit Filtering

This study explores an alternative way of storing text files in a difierent format that will speed up the searching process. The input file is decomposed into two parts as filter and payload. Filter part is composed of most informative k-bits of each byte from the original file. Remaining bits form the payload. Selection of the most informative bits are achieved according to their entropy. When an input pattern is to be searched on the new file structure, same decomposition is performed on the pattern. The filter part of the pattern is queried in the filter part of the file following by a verification process of the payload for the matching positions. Experiments conducted on natural language texts, plain ascii DNA sequences, and random byte sequences showed that the search performance with the proposed scheme is on the average two times faster than the tested exact pattern matching algorithms.
Incitement to dialogue: Josef Hromádka’s call for Christian–Marxist dialogue in Gospel for Atheists

Josef Lukl Hromadka (1889–1969) was a controversial theologian and professor, whose support for the socialist government in Czechoslovakia caused many Western theologians to condemn him, but challe...
The Juvenile Court in Its Relationship to Adult Criminality: A Replicated Study

T his research is the exact replication of a stu(lxv whiclh Mary E. Knauer carrie(d out in 1952 and which was subsequently reportecI in the pages of this journal.' In that study Knauer wor-ked out the percentage of juvenile delin(uents who had been processe(i tlhrough the WAayne County Juvenile Court and wh1o subsequently became r-egistered witlh the police for adult offenses, for a series of years between 1920 andI 1940. By this procedlure Knauer provided empirical data to show thait the rates of juvenile court offendlers who entere(l aclult criminality hlave remainie(d relatively coInstant for a period of two (leca(les. She predlicted that under the conditions of (1) the time required to miiold a skillful crimiiinal, (2) a relatively constant crime rate, an(l (3) an absence of successful therapy in the juvenile court this constancy of rate for juvenile offenders who entered adult criime would continue onl into future years. It has been the intent of the present researclh to provide data that woul(d ser-ve as a test of this prediction.
Nongonococcal Urethritis: Treatment of Men and Their Sexual Partners

Determination of the optimal treatment for men with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) has been a difficult problem. Until recently, investigators were unable to demonstrate specific etiologic agents of NGU and therefore to assess microbiologic cure. Clinical assessment of responses to therapy has been complicated by both a lack of objective criteria for definition of the disease and a tendency of the disease to resolve spontaneously over time. Nonetheless, certain antibiotics, particularly the tetracyclines and erythromycin, were found to be useful in the treatment of NGU, and the superiority of antibiotic therapy to placebo therapy was established in controlled trials [1-3]. The discovery of specific etiologic agents of NGU has greatly facilitated the study of therapy for NGU. Between 30% and 50% of NGU cases are thought to be caused by Chlamydia tracho
Unsupervised Contextual Task Learning and Recognition for Sharing Autonomy to Assist Mobile Robot Teleoperation

We focus on the problem of learning and recognizing contextual tasks from human demonstrations, aiming to efficiently assist mobile robot teleoperation through sharing autonomy. We present in this study a novel unsupervised contextual task learning and recognition approach, consisting of two phases. Firstly, we use Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Model (DPGMM) to cluster the human motion patterns of task executions from unannotated demonstrations, where the number of possible motion components is inferred from the data itself instead of being manually specified a priori or determined through model selection. Post clustering, we employ Sparse Online Gaussian Process (SOGP) to classify the query point with the learned motion patterns, due to its superior introspective capability and scalability to large datasets. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed with the extensive evaluations on real data.
Prevalence and correlates of “Vaping” as a route of cannabis administration in medical cannabis patients

Abstract Purpose To examine the prevalence and correlates of vaporization (i.e., “vaping”) as a route of cannabis administration in a sample of medical cannabis patients. Procedures Adults ages 21 and older ( N = 1485 M age = 45.1) who were seeking medical cannabis certification (either for the first time or as a renewal) at medical cannabis clinics in southern Michigan completed a screening assessment. Participants completed measures of route of cannabis administration, cannabis use, alcohol and other substance use. Findings An estimated 39% (n = 511) of the sample reported past-month cannabis vaping, but vaping as the sole route of cannabis administration was rare. Specifically, only 30 participants (2.3% of the full sample and 5.9% of those who reported any vaping) indicated vaping as the sole route of cannabis administration. The majority (87.3%) of those who reported vaping also reported smoking (combustion) as a route of cannabis administration. Being younger than age 44, having more than a high school education, engaging in nonmedical stimulant use, being a returning medical cannabis patient, and greater frequency of cannabis use were associated with higher odds of vaping at the bivariate level and with all variables considered simultaneously. Conclusions Vaping appears to be relatively common among medical cannabis patients, but is seldom used as the sole route of cannabis administration. Results highlight the importance of monitoring trends in vaping and other substance use behaviors in this population and underscore the need for longitudinal research into the motives, correlates, and consequences of cannabis vaping in medical cannabis patients.
Respirable size-selective sampler for end-of-shift quartz measurement: Development and performance.

ABSTRACTAims of this study were to develop a respirable size-selective sampler for direct-on-filter (DoF) quartz measurement at the end-of-shift (EoS) using a portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and to determine its size-selective sampling performance. A new miniaturized sampler has been designed to have an effective particle deposition diameter close to the portable FTIR beam diameter (6 mm). The new sampler (named the EoS cyclone) was constructed using a 3D printer. The sampling efficiency of the EoS cyclone was determined using polydisperse glass sphere particles and a time-of-flight direct reading instrument. Respirable dust mass concentration and quartz absorbance levels of samples collected with the EoS cyclone were compared to those collected with the 10-mm nylon cyclone. The EoS cyclone operated at a flow rate of 1.2 l min−1 showed minimum bias compared to the international standard respirable convention. The use of the EoS cyclone induced respirable dust mass concentration res...
Comments on practical use of Langmuir gas adsorption isotherm model

The physical and thermodynamic characteristics of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model for pure gas and gas mixtures as well as the constraints on the saturation adsorption capacity of the gases by this model are discussed. Arbitrary violation of these constraints, viz. temperature dependence of the saturation capacity and unequal saturation capacities for the components of a mixed gas, may lead to unrealistic heat of adsorption and unreliable predictions of mixed gas equilibria. Several physically and thermodynamically consistent analytical models for pure and mixed gas adsorption isotherms, which were developed using the Langmuir model as backbone, and which account for unequal -sized adsorbates, lateral interactions between adsorbed molecules, multi-layer adsorption, and adsorbent heterogeneity, are briefly reviewed. These models can be practically very useful to describe experimental isotherm data and for adsorptive process modeling.
Composite copper oxide–copper bromide films for the selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide

Composite copper oxide–copper bromide films were electrodeposited on gas diffusion layer (GDL) supports under controlled potential from aqueous copper salt solutions in the presence of a complexing/surfactant agent such as lactate. The solution pH was adjusted to target simultaneous deposition of cubic nanostructures composed of copper, oxygen, and bromine elements. The film composition and morphology were carefully tuned for enhanced electrochemical conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon products, predominantly ethylene and minor amounts of methane, ethane, and propylene were observed along with inevitable H2 co-generation. Importantly, CO gas was not detected during CO2 electrolyses. Low temperatures (3–5 °C) enhanced the conversion of CO intermediate to C2H4. The durability and electroactivity of these composite films were maintained for extended periods (up to 10 h) of CO2 electrolysis by periodic in situ application of anodic pulses to regenerate the cathode surface.
Clinical Reasoning: A 27-year-old man with unsteady gait.

A 27-year-old man presented to our hospital's emergency department (ED) with an abnormal gait, paresthesias of the lower extremities, and lower back pain that had progressed over 2 weeks. He reported no medical history and a family history notable only for poor folic acid absorption in his father (etiology unknown).
Limited Accuracy of Administrative Data for the Identification and Classification of Adult Congenital Heart Disease

BackgroundAdministrative data sets utilize billing codes for research and quality assessment. Previous data suggest that such codes can accurately identify adults with congenital heart disease (CHD...
The Diplomat’s Music Test: Branding New and Old Diplomacy at the Beginning of the Nineteenth and Twenty-First Centuries

In the debates on the best way to conduct diplomacy, music marks a divide between practitioners of the new and the old. From the middle of the twentieth century to the present, music has been a flagship of new programs in cultural and public diplomacy. Conversely, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, musical diplomacy appeared to betray a misguided attachment to Ancien Regime practices and the enjoyments of good society. These opposite assessments both foreground the social composition of international relations and the ways music can inform it. Indeed, music and dance test a diplomat’s very conception of who makes up the diplomatic scene and how. Not surprisingly, the branding of diplomacies as old or new has tended to obfuscate the broader spectrum of practices in either of the time periods considered in this chapter. A component of protocol, music plays a part in the conventional script of official interactions while allowing the host to underscore cultural differences, power hierarchies, and cooperative aspirations. Music thus offers occasions for faux pas, misinterpretation, snubs, and other out-of-character communications, but it also provides opportunities to build affiliation and redefine the roles adopted in negotiations.
Unique and common effects of decoding and language factors in predicting reading comprehension in grades 1–10.

Abstract This investigation examined unique and common effects of decoding and language factors that explain variance in reading comprehension in grades 1–10. Participants were 2938 students in 18 schools in two large districts in Florida. The dimensionality of decoding measures (i.e., phonological awareness and decoding fluency) and language measures (i.e., listening comprehension, vocabulary, and syntax) was examined with confirmatory factor analysis and related to a reading comprehension factor comprised of national and state tests. The resulting R2 was compared to the sum of the R2 of decoding-only and language-only models to obtain the unique and common variances explained by language and decoding. Across grades 1–10, most of the variance was explained by either the common variance between the decoding and language factors or the unique effect of the language factor. Results are discussed in the context of an expanded interpretation of the simple view of reading and educational implications are provided.
In Vitro Evaluation of ECG-Synchronized Pulsatile Flow Using the i-cor Diagonal Pump in Neonatal and Pediatric ECLS Systems

The objective was to assess the i-cor electrocardiogram-synchronized diagonal pump in terms of hemodynamic energy properties for off-label use in neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuits. The neonatal circuit consisted of an i-cor pump and console, a Medos Hilite 800 LT oxygenator, an 8Fr arterial cannula, a 10Fr venous cannula, 91 cm of 0.6-cm ID arterial tubing, and 91 cm of 0.6-cm ID venous tubing. The pediatric circuit was identical except it included a 12Fr arterial cannula, a 14Fr venous cannula, and a Medos Hilite 2400 LT oxygenator. Neonatal trials were conducted at 36°C with hematocrit 40% using varying flow rates (200-600 mL/min, 200 mL increments) and postarterial cannula pressures (40-100 mm Hg, 20 mm Hg increments) under nonpulsatile mode and pulsatile mode with various pulsatile amplitudes (1000-4000 rpm, 1000 rpm increments). Pediatric trials were conducted at different flow rates (800-1600 mL/min, 400 mL/min increments). Mean pressure and energy equivalent pressure increased with increasing postarterial cannula pressure, flow rate, and pulsatile amplitude. Physiologic-like pulsatility was achieved between pulsatile amplitudes of 2000-3000 rpm. Pressure drops were greatest across the arterial cannula. Pulsatile flow generated significantly higher total hemodynamic energy (THE) levels than nonpulsatile flow. THE levels at postarterial cannula site increased with increasing postarterial cannula pressure, pulsatile amplitude, and flow rate. No surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) was generated under nonpulsatile mode. Under pulsatile mode, preoxygenator SHE increased with increasing postarterial cannula pressure and pulsatile amplitude, but decreased with increasing flow rate. The i-cor system can provide nonpulsatile and pulsatile flow for neonatal and pediatric ECLS. Pulsatile amplitudes of 2000-3000 rpm are recommended for use in neonatal and pediatric patients.
Near ground measurements of beam shaping and anisotropic turbulence over concrete runway and grass range

Researchers from the University of Central Florida recently carried out a series of measurements over a concrete runway and a grass range using a 632.8 nm Gaussian beam propagated for 100 or 125 m at a height of 2 m. Mean intensity and scintillation index contours varied significantly throughout these measurements in ways that corresponded to more than simple isotropy or anisotropy of optical turbulence. A simple theory is developed to show the effect of a nonlinear index of refraction gradient in addition to the possibility of anisotropic turbulence. Theoretical contours are compared to experimental results which seem to indicate the presence of a beam shaping phenomena near the ground in addition to anisotropy.
Characterization of the cold spray deposition of a wide variety of polymeric powders

Abstract The cold spray deposition of high-density polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyamide 12, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene on a variety of polymeric substrates was studied. A variety of different process conditions were studied in order to develop deposition windows over temperature-velocity space for each particle/substrate combination. The deposition windows for each polymer powder were shown to expand as the particle and substrate temperatures were increased. In general, lower glass transition temperature materials were found to deposit more easily and with larger deposition efficiency. Nano-indentation and adhesive/cohesive strength experiments were conducted on the cold sprayed samples and the results were found to be statistically identical to those of corresponding melt-cast samples. Microstructural characterization showed little to no porosity in the deposited polymer films. Finally, deposition efficiency was studied as a function of the tilt angle of the substrate to better understand potential of this technology for additive manufacturing three-dimensional components. A critical tilt angle was found above which successful deposition was not possible. This critical tilt angle was found to increase with increasing impact velocity.
Barriers to Clinical Trial Accrual: Perspectives of Community-Based Providers

Abstract Background Only a small proportion of patients with cancer enroll onto clinical trials. Previous studies have explored patient-related barriers to trial participation; however, few studies have focused on the provider perspective. We aimed to describe referral practices and barriers to referrals of patients with breast cancer for clinical trials, including the utilization of web-based trial-matching tools. Materials and Methods In 2016, we distributed 120 surveys to attendees of a breast oncology continuing medical education course. The survey addressed referral patterns, trial knowledge, and perceptions of web-based trial-matching tools. After survey completion, participants were provided a link to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute trial-matching tool. Three months later, a follow-up survey was sent to assess their use of this tool. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey data. Results Ninety-six (80%) participants completed the first survey; 5 respondents did not actively treat patients with breast cancer and were excluded. Respondents included medical (30%) and surgical (22%) oncologists, nurse practitioners/physician assistants (26%), and other (22%). Neoadjuvant and metastatic trials were deemed the highest priority. The primary reported barriers included perceived lack of patient interest, lack of trial awareness, and logistical barriers. Emailing trial investigators directly was the preferred method of trial referral. Although 80% indicated that web-based tools would increase trial referrals, our follow-up survey revealed that only 18% of respondents used our web-based tool. Conclusion Our respondents valued trial participation for their patients but found it difficult to manage. Further research is needed regarding how to increase the likelihood that patients are presented with appropriate trial options.
Effects of Stress on the Probability of Detection for Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspection

In nondestructive inspection of a part, the accept / reject decision is typically based on the comparison of the measured variable to a threshold value. In a practical test situation various factors introduce randomness and uncertainty in the measurement, thus affecting the accept / reject decision. The concept of probability of detection offers a measure of the capability of nondestructive evaluation methods to detect defects, in the presence of different sources of uncertainties. For instance, it has been previously established [1], that mechanical stress introduces variations in the magnetic flux leakage measurements. Residual stress affects the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials and is one of the factor s that can potentially affect the detectability of defects.
Vertical zigzag maneuver of a generic submarine

Abstract A study of a 10/10 vertical zigzag maneuver of the generic submarine Joubert BB2 is presented. CFD simulations, involving moving planes and rotating propeller using a dynamic overset technique, are performed at constant propeller rotational speed in model scale on four systematically refined grids and compared against experimental data for depth, pitch, pitch rate, vertical drift, vertical velocity, absolute velocity, and propeller thrust and torque coefficients. A grid study is also performed for the self-propelled approach condition before starting the maneuver, used to obtain the propeller rotational speed, controller vertical and horizontal commands, and boat attitude. The maneuver is also analyzed in full scale at 6, 10 and 15 knots. Results indicate that CFD matches very well the experimental data, even for the coarsest grid, with the propeller RPS converging slowest in grid. By comparing model and full scale results, it can be concluded that model scale simulations are a good surrogate for full scale for parameters related to motions, but as expected forces are strongly affected by scale and the propeller operational point changes considerably. Analysis of forces and moments affecting vertical control from hull, sail and stern planes, propeller and hull help understand the response of the vehicle.
Self-regulation as promotive for academic achievement in young children across risk contexts

Abstract The link between self-regulation and academic achievement in young children is well-documented. However, few studies have examined the extent to which different aspects of self-regulation are more important for early numeracy and literacy for those in contexts of high cumulative risk, such as children experiencing homelessness. In the current study, 116 children ages 4;0–7;1 years (58 residing in an emergency homeless shelter and 58 from a community participant pool) completed assessments of math and reading, as well as multiple measures of self-regulation: executive function (EF), emotion regulation (ER), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Parents completed a questionnaire about their children’s behavioral regulation. We examined whether sample (i.e., shelter or community) moderated the association between each aspect of self-regulation and academic outcomes. Results showed a main effect of EF skills on early numeracy, and this relation did not differ across samples. Intervention efforts to promote academic competencies might specifically target EF in those who struggle with early EF skills regardless of risk context.
Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria from Mink Feces and Feed in the United States.

Antibiotic-resistant infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases are increasing worldwide. Bacteria resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and last resort ...
Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets Since the 1980s

Why have emerging market economies (EMEs) been stockpiling international reserves? We find that motives have varied over time; vulnerability to current account shocks was relatively important in the 1980s but, as EMEs became more financially integrated, factors related to the magnitude of potential capital outflows gained importance. Reserve accumulation as a by-product of undervalued currencies has also become more important since the Asian crisis. Correspondingly, using quantile regressions, we find that the reason for holding reserves varies according to the country’s position in the global reserves distribution. High-reserve holders, who tend to be more financially integrated, are motivated by insurance against capital account rather than current account shocks and are more sensitive to the cost of holding reserves than are low-reserve holders. Currency undervaluation is a significant determinant across the reserves distribution, albeit for different reasons.
Pluralism and the “Happiness” of the Present: On Strangers and the Ideal of Education for Life

This chapter raises the question of pluralism, an educational desideratum of the highest kind, and the alien contours of familiar things. To be discussed are themes to be found in Nietzsche, particularly matters concerning cultural concepts of spirit and deity, the relevance of Buddha’s shadow, the proclamation: “God is dead,” quite where Nietzsche suggests that monotheism is “the greatest danger that has yet confronted humanity.” With references to Pindar (and Ixion’s embrace of vaporous illusion) and the cautionary context for Nietzsche’s cultivational ideal—become the one you are—the text also draws on Gunther Anders and Kakuzō Okakura, the iconicity of copies and the contrast between the colors of bronze antiquity and the bleached ideal of white marble to end with a reflection on Anders’ influence on electronic musical compositions in the atomic era, East and West.
Exploring Modifications to Individual Trauma-Focused PTSD Treatments in a Routine Care Setting: An Examination of Medical Records at a Veterans Health Administration PTSD Clinic

Abstract Clinicians in naturalistic settings regularly modify the delivery of trauma-focused treatments to enhance client engagement and retention. However, what types of modifications are made in clinical settings, why, and when, and their impact on client outcomes has seldom been examined. As an initial step to address this, the current study applied elements of the updated Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications—Expanded (FRAME; Wilstey Stirman et al., 2019) to examine content-level modifications documented in the delivery of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment to veterans via medical records review in an urban PTSD clinic. Results indicated that the updated FRAME suited the data well, and that modifications occurred in most veteran–clinician pairs over the course of treatment. The four most common modifications documented were spreading (27%), repeating (24%), drift with return (22%), and integrating (21%). Three composite case examples are discussed that describe the application of the most common modifications observed in medical record documentation. This is an important first step toward understanding the real-world modifications of evidence-based trauma-focused interventions that in turn will lead to critical recommendations for improving treatment implementation.
Clinical features of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome to BRAF inhibitors with and without previous immune checkpoint inhibition: a review.

Cutaneous reactions to BRAF inhibitors are common, but severe reactions resembling or consistent with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are relatively rare. Several reports suggest that cutaneous reactions including DRESS/DIHS to BRAF inhibitors are more frequent and severe in the setting of previous immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). To characterize existing literature on these reports, we queried the PubMed/MEDLINE database for cases of DIHS/DRESS to BRAF inhibitors. We identified 23 cases of DIHS to BRAF inhibitors following checkpoint inhibition and 14 cases without prior checkpoint inhibitor therapy. In both cohorts, DIHS occurred relatively early, with median time to onset from drug exposure of 8–10 days. Patients who received prior ICI were less likely to have peripheral eosinophilia (26% vs 71%), atypical lymphocytes (9% vs 50%), renal involvement (61% vs 79%), hepatic involvement (52% vs 86%), and lymphadenopathy (9% vs 43%) compared to patients who did not receive prior ICI. Thrombocytopenia was more common with prior ICI (17% vs 7%). Only patients who received prior ICI experienced hypotension (26%) during the course of their DIHS. All cases of BRAF-induced DIHS generally improved on systemic steroids/supportive care, and no cases of death were identified. Dermatologists should consider a diagnosis of DIHS following BRAF inhibitor initiation, particularly in the setting of past checkpoint inhibition, with atypical features including relatively rapid onset and steroid responsiveness, lack of peripheral eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, or lymphadenopathy, and increased risk of thrombocytopenia and hypotension.
Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness and manifestations of herpes zoster and associated pain by vaccination status

Options for managing herpes zoster (HZ)-related pain and complications have limited effectiveness, making HZ prevention through vaccination an important strategy. Limited data are available on HZ v...
Book Review: Stolen Honor: Stigmatizing Muslim Men in Berlin:

The article presents a review of the book "Stolen Honor: Stigmatizing Muslim Men in Berlin," by Katherine Pratt Ewing.
Modeling Causal Relationship Between Brain Regions Within the Drug-Cue Processing Network in Chronic Cocaine Smokers

The cues associated with drugs of abuse have an essential role in perpetuating problematic use, yet effective connectivity or the causal interaction between brain regions mediating the processing of drug cues has not been defined. The aim of this fMRI study was to model the causal interaction between brain regions within the drug-cue processing network in chronic cocaine smokers and matched control participants during a cocaine-cue exposure task. Specifically, cocaine-smoking (15M; 5F) and healthy control (13M; 4F) participants viewed cocaine and neutral cues while in the scanner (a Siemens 3 T magnet). We examined whole brain activation, including activation related to drug-cue processing. Time series data extracted from ROIs determined through our General Linear Model (GLM) analysis and prior publications were used as input to IMaGES, a computationally powerful Bayesian search algorithm. During cocaine-cue exposure, cocaine users showed a particular feed-forward effective connectivity pattern between the ROIs of the drug-cue processing network (amygdala→hippocampus→dorsal striatum→insula→medial frontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) that was not present when the controls viewed the cocaine cues. Cocaine craving ratings positively correlated with the strength of the causal influence of the insula on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cocaine users. This study is the first demonstration of a causal interaction between ROIs within the drug-cue processing network in cocaine users. This study provides insight into the mechanism underlying continued substance use and has implications for monitoring treatment response.
LOGARITHMIC MARKETS CORING RULES FOR MODULAR COMBINATORIAL INFORMATION AGGREGATION

In practice, scoring rules elicit good probability estimates from individuals, while betting markets elicit good consensus estimates from groups. Market scoring rules combine these features, eliciting estimates from individuals or groups, with groups costing no more than individuals. Regarding a bet on one event given another event, only logarithmic versions preserve the probability of the given event. Logarithmic versions also preserve the conditional probabilities of other events, and so preserve conditional independence relations. Given logarithmic rules that elicit relative probabilities of base event pairs, it costs no more to elicit estimates on all combinations of these base events.
Disability Among Sexual Minority Women: Descriptive Data from an Invisible Population.

Abstract Purpose: To assess the health and well-being of sexual minority women (SMW) with disabilities. Methods: A survey assessing physical and mental health and quality of life was administered to a convenience sample of 52 women with disabilities and 74 without disabilities. All had been recruited for an SMW's health intervention targeting women over 40 with potential for weight-related health problems. Results: Women with disabilities experienced more discrimination, had more posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders, were less connected to SMW's communities, had more physical health limitations, and reported poorer quality of life, mostly related to physical factors such as energy level and pain. Conclusion: SMW with disabilities have rarely been studied, and may have significant challenges with health, including greater need for community support. Studies are needed to further explore the influences on the health and well-being of SMW with disabilities.
The role of spiritual and psychological development in the cross-cultural adjustment of missionaries

The present study investigated the relationship between spiritual development, and both psychological development and cross-cultural adjustment in a group of missionaries. It was hypothesized that spiritual development would be positively related to psychological development as viewed from a relational psychodynamic perspective. It was also hypothesized that spiritual development would be positively related to psychological and sociocultural cross-cultural adjustment, and that it would contribute to the variance of adjustment above and beyond the contributions made by psychological development. One hundred and eighty-one missionaries living in 46 countries completed a questionnaire assessing these variables. Results supported the main hypotheses, and revealed a significant interaction between psychological development and spiritual development in predicting psychological adjustment. Implications for the study of psychological and spiritual development, as well as for the spiritual care of missionaries, ar...
A Possible modified 'bottom-up' thermalization in heavy ion collisions

We present a possible scaling solution to preequilibrium evolution which interpolates between the instability present in the dense gluon system produced immediately after a heavy ion collision and the final equilibration which occurs later. Our solution depends on a single parameter δ. Depending on the value of δ, our proposed solution matches onto the bottom-up picture either at an intermediate stage or toward the end of the evolution given by bottom-up. We discuss in detail the reasons why we believe our solution is self-consistent, and we also point out why it is difficult to actually prove consistency.
W1866 Local Peritoneal Irrigation With Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase is Protective Against Peritonitis in Mice

Background The brush-border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) functions as a gut mucosal defense factor and detoxifies different toll-like receptor ligands. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of locally administered calf IAP (cIAP) in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of polymicrobial sepsis.
HELIOSHEATH MAGNETIC FIELDS BETWEEN 104 AND 113 AU IN A REGION OF DECLINING SPEEDS AND A STAGNATION REGION

We examine the relationships between the magnetic field and the radial velocity component VR observed in the heliosheath by instruments on Voyager 1 (V1). No increase in the magnetic field strength B was observed in a region where VR decreased linearly from 70 km s–1 to 0 km s–1 as plasma moved outward past V1. An unusually broad transition from positive to negative polarity was observed during a ≈26 day interval when the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) moved below the latitude of V1 and the speed of V1 was comparable to the radial speed of the heliosheath flow. When V1 moved through a region where VR ≈ 0 (the "stagnation region"), B increased linearly with time by a factor of two, and the average of B was 0.14 nT. Nothing comparable to this was observed previously. The magnetic polarity was negative throughout the stagnation region for ≈580 days until 2011 DOY 235, indicating that the HCS was below the latitude of V1. The average passage times of the magnetic holes and proton boundary layers were the same during 2009 and 2011, because the plasma moved past V1 during 2009 at the same speed that V1 moved through the stagnation region during 2011. The microscale fluctuations of B in the stagnation region during 2011 are qualitatively the same as those observed in the heliosheath during 2009. These results suggest that the stagnation region is a part of the heliosheath, rather than a "transition region" associated with the heliopause.