cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The callousness pathway to severe violent delinquency

Children and adolescents who exhibit a callous interpersonal style seem to be at risk for developing severe forms of violent behavior. Theoretical models suggest that children with low levels of temperamental fearfulness may be at increased risk for developing callous traits because they are relatively unaffected by punishment. This study examines hypotheses about the callousness pathway to severe violent delinquency in a cross-sectional sample of 169 (97=males, 72=females) adjudicated adolescents. Structural equation modeling is used to test mediation models regarding the relation between temperamental fear, punishment concern, callousness, and severe violent delinquency. The findings of the study indicate that the relation between low levels of temperamental fear and increased callousness is mediated by a lack of concern about being punished for aggressive acts. Although low levels of fear and punishment concern were both related to increased levels of severe violent delinquency, increased levels of callousness mediated these relations. All findings remained significant after controlling for the potential confounds of gender, race, and social desirability. The results provide a heuristic for understanding the callousness pathway to severe violent behavior in youth. However, longitudinal investigations replicating these results are necessary before firm conclusions can be drawn. Aggr. Behav. 32:590–598, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Designing a technological playground: a field study of the emergence of play in household messaging

We present findings from a field study of Wayve, a situated messaging device for the home that incorporates handwriting and photography. Wayve was used by 24 households (some of whom were existing social networks of family and friends) over a three-month period. We consider the various types of playfulness that emerged during the study, both through the sending of Wayve messages and through the local display of photos and notes. The findings are explored in the context of the literature on play, with the aim of identifying aspects of Wayve's design, as well as the context in which it was used, that engendered playfulness. We also highlight the role of play in social relationships, before concluding with design implications.
Fractionation of silicon isotopes during biogenic silica dissolution

Abstract Silicon isotopes have been investigated for their potential to reveal both past and present patterns of silicic acid utilization, primarily by diatoms, in surface waters of the ocean. Interpretation of this proxy has thus far relied on characteristic trends in the isotope composition of the dissolved and particulate silicon pools in the upper ocean, as driven by biological fractionation during the production of biogenic silica (bSiO2, or opal) by diatoms. However, other factors which may influence the silicon isotope composition of diatom opal, particularly post-formational aging and maturation processes, remain largely uninvestigated. Here, we report a consistent fractionation of silicon isotopes during the physicochemical dissolution of diatom bSiO2 suspended in seawater under closed conditions. This fractionation acts counter to that occurring during bSiO2 production and at about half its absolute magnitude, with dissolution discriminating against the release of the heavier isotopes of silicon at an enrichment factor eDSi–BSi of −0.55‰, corresponding to a fractionation factor α30/28 of 0.99945. The enrichment factor did not vary with source material, indicating the lack of a significant species effect, or with temperature from 3 to 20 °C. Thus, the dissolution of bSiO2 produces dissolved silicon with a δ30Si value that is 0.55‰ more negative than its parent bSiO2, an effect that must be accounted for when interpreting oceanic δ30Si distributions. The δ30Si values of both the dissolved and particulate silicon pools increased linearly as dissolution progressed, implying a measurable (±0.1‰) change in the relative δ30Si of opal samples whenever the difference in preservation efficiency between them is >20%. This effect could account for ∼10–30% of the difference in diatom δ30Si values observed between glacial and interglacial conditions. It is unlikely, however, that the inferred maximum possible change in δb30SiO2 of +0.55‰ would be manifested in situ, as a high mean percentage of dissolution would include complete loss of the more soluble members of the diatom assemblage.
Chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens confer dual immunity against cholera and malaria by oral or injectable delivery

Cholera and malaria are major diseases causing high mortality. The only licensed cholera vaccine is expensive; immunity is lost in children within 3 years and adults are not fully protected. No vaccine is yet available for malaria. Therefore, in this study, the cholera toxin-B subunit (CTB) of Vibrio cholerae fused to malarial vaccine antigens apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1) was expressed in lettuce and tobacco chloroplasts. Southern blot analysis confirmed homoplasmy and stable integration of transgenes. CTB-AMA1 and CTB-MSP1 fusion proteins accumulated up to 13.17% and 10.11% (total soluble protein, TSP) in tobacco and up to 7.3% and 6.1% (TSP) in lettuce, respectively. Nine groups of mice (n = 10/group) were immunized subcutaneously (SQV) or orally (ORV) with purified antigens or transplastomic tobacco leaves. Significant levels of antigen-specific antibody titres of immunized mice completely inhibited proliferation of the malarial parasite and cross-reacted with the native parasite proteins in immunoblots and immunofluorescence studies. Protection against cholera toxin challenge in both ORV (100%) and SQV (89%) mice correlated with CTB-specific titres of intestinal, serum IgA and IgG1 in ORV and only IgG1 in SQV mice, but no other immunoglobulin. Increasing numbers of interleukin-10(+) T cell but not Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, suppression of interferon-gamma and absence of interleukin-17 were observed in protected mice, suggesting that immunity is conferred via the Tr1/Th2 immune response. Dual immunity against two major infectious diseases provided by chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens for long-term (>300 days, 50% of mouse life span) offers a realistic platform for low cost vaccines and insight into mucosal and systemic immunity.
Strain Rate, Creep, and Stress Drop-Creep Experiments on Crushed Coral Sand

The part of sand behavior that is affected by time, such as creep, relaxation, and loading rate effects are not similar to those observed for clay. To throw more light on the time effects in sand, many series of drained triaxial compression experiments have been performed on crushed coral sand. These tests were all performed with a constant effective confining pressure of 200 kPa. The test series included experiments with specimens loaded at five different strain rates with a 256-fold ratio between the extreme rates, tests with sudden changes in strain rate from slow to fast and vice versa, and tests in which axial and volumetric creep strains were observed at stress differences of 500, 700, and 900 kPa. Creep creates structuration and this has to be overcome to produce further plastic straining. Experiments were also performed in which the stress difference was dropped quickly from three different values of 500, 700, and 900 kPa followed by creep. In these stress drop-creep tests five different magnitudes of stress drops were employed: 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kPa. The results involving conventional creep effects and stress drop-creep effects are presented and analyzed.
Survivability of MEMS Packages at High-g Loads

Military grade MEMS gyroscopes are critical for navigation in guided munitions. In such applications the sensor must survive extremely harsh launch environments and maintain integrity, often requiring sensitivity to loads many orders of magnitude lower than those experienced during launch. Previous inertial measurement units (IMUs) have proven to remain functional at loads up to 20,000 g’s [1]. In other work, gyroscopes (as well as other MEMS) have proven to survive loading up to 60,000 g’s [2]. In these previous works, performance was examined exclusively by electrical means. The current study aims to monitor the mechanical effects that such loading will have on the die and structure through interferometric shape measurement of the sensors.
Characteristics of a Cyclone Collector Made of Metalic Tubular Blank

It was tried to make a cyclone collector of which body was produced by sinking and liquid bulge forming of metalic tubular blank, and fixed inlet and outlet pipes on the body. This processing method is possible to make a cyclone collector of better working accuracy. In experiments the characteristics of the cyclone collector were compared with those of a cyclone collector by thin plate working. As a result, it was known that a cyclone collector by sinking and liquid bulge forming could have as good collection efficiency as a cyclone collector by thin plate working and have much the same pressure loss.
Handbook of Drug Administration Via Enteral Feeding Tubes, 3rd Edition

Edited by Rebecca White, B.Sc., M.Sc., MRPharmS, FFRPS, and Vicky Bradnam, B.Pharm., ClinDip, M.B.A, MRPharmS, Published by Pharmaceutical Press, 1573 St. Paul Avenue, Gurnee, IL 60031, 2015. 752 p. Price $74.99 (soft cover) Description: This handbook provides guidelines on the administration of
Media in new Turkey: the origins of an authoritarian neoliberal state

Many recent reports detailing the numerous problems and shortcomings of Turkish democracy prominently feature coverage of the deteriorating environment for free media. For example, since 2013, Free...
Mitochondrial protein interactome elucidated by chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry

Mitochondrial protein interactions and complexes facilitate mitochondrial function. These complexes range from simple dimers to the respirasome supercomplex consisting of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I, III, and IV. To improve understanding of mitochondrial function, we used chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry to identify 2,427 cross-linked peptide pairs from 327 mitochondrial proteins in whole, respiring murine mitochondria. In situ interactions were observed in proteins throughout the electron transport chain membrane complexes, ATP synthase, and the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. Cross-linked sites showed excellent agreement with empirical protein structures and delivered complementary constraints for in silico protein docking. These data established direct physical evidence of the assembly of the complex I-III respirasome and enabled prediction of in situ interfacial regions of the complexes. Finally, we established a database and tools to harness the cross-linked interactions we observed as molecular probes, allowing quantification of conformation-dependent protein interfaces and dynamic protein complex assembly.
The use of multimethod impulsivity assessment in the prediction of ADHD, conduct problems, and callous-unemotional symptoms

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between multiple forms of behavioral and trait impulsivity and the externalizing symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), conduct problems (CP), and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Participants were 182 elementary school age children (142 boys and 40 girls) ranging in age from 5.6 to 12.5 years, recruited through a university-based ADHD clinic. Data showed that symptoms of ADHD were characterized by playing fewer trials on the Reward Dominance task, UPPS Urgency, and UPPS lack of perseverance. Symptoms of conduct problems were characterized by playing fewer trials on the Reward Dominance task and UPPS urgency. In contrast, callous-unemotional traits were characterized by only UPPS urgency and not by performance on either of the behavioral tasks. These results indicate some convergence in terms of trait impulsivity across externalizing syndromes, as well as divergence in terms of behavioral impulsivity and perseverance on tasks. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis on the importance of different facets of impulsivity characterizing different childhood externalizing syndromes.
LEED EB® Cast Study: Achieving Platinum and the Energy Star® Label for Corporate Headquarters

ABSTRACT Most global businesses recognize the impact of their behaviors on the environment. Many have established environmental sustainability commitments and policies which are integrated into their company's overall business strategy. These initiatives are becoming more heavily marketed and important to customers worldwide. The building construction industry has embraced “Green Buildings” as the emerging standard for new construction. Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is a global leader in the design and manufacture of floors, ceilings, and cabinets for residential and commercial buildings. Armstrong has strong environmental positioning through its products and environmental sustainability programs. During 2006, Armstrong initiated the process to pursue the LEED EB (existing building) certification for the corporate headquarters building in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. This building was constructed in 1998 as the LEED rating system was being developed. The building's overall design actually helped create som...
Release of cardiac troponin from healthy and damaged myocardium

Abstract Cardiac troponins T and I are proteins released into serum after cardiac injury, and are the standard biomarkers for patients presenting to the emergency department with a suspicion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cardiac troponin that appears in blood within a few hours is due to release from the cytosolic pool. A sustained irreversible release over the ensuing days is due to the degradation of the myofibrils, although recent data have challenged this concept. The analytical sensitivity for troponin assays have significantly improved since the initial release of commercial troponin assays over 20 years ago. As a result, the specificity of troponin for AMI has steadily declined, with abnormal concentrations seen in many non-cardiac diseases such as renal failure, sepsis, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac injury after chemotherapy such as with trastuzumab and doxorubicin. There are many theories as to how troponin is released into blood from patients with reversible myocardial ischemia and from patients with cardiac damage that is not related to ischemia. These theories include release of free subunit release through bleb formation, transient imbalance of oxygen supply and demand such as what occurs with acute vasospasm of coronary vessels, pulmonary embolism with right heart damage, apoptosis, acute cardiac stress leading to release of catecholamines and integrins, myocardial stretching, inflammation, and release of degraded troponin peptides. The mechanisms for these etiologies are reviewed.
The effects of nitrogen, iron, or nickel upon the alpha-beta transformation and gamma precipitation in cobalt-chromium alloys

This paper describes a metallographic investigation of the influence of nitrogen, iron, or nickel additions upon the transformation and precipitation reactions occurring in cobalt-rich cobalt-chromium alloys. It is shown that nitrogen, iron, or nickel additions lower the alpha-beta transformation temperature range and tend to promote the formation of gamma phase.
Mycotic Pseudoaneurysm following Carotid Intervention

IntroductionPseudoaneurysm formation is a rare complication following carotid artery revascularization with a low estimated occurrence of 0.15 to 0.6%. This may result from percutaneous interventio...
High-resolution structure of the Influenza A virus PB2cap binding domain illuminates the changes induced by ligand binding.

In the face of increasing drug resistance and the rapidly increasing necessity for practicality in clinical settings, drugs targeting different viral proteins are needed in order to control influenza A and B. A small molecule that tenaciously adheres to the PB2cap binding domain, part of the heterotrimeric RNA polymerase machinery of influenza A virus and influenza B virus, is a promising drug candidate. Understanding the anatomic behavior of PB2cap upon ligand binding will aid in the development of a more robust inhibitor. In this report, the anatomic behavior of the influenza A virus PB2cap domain is established by solving the crystal structure of native influenza A virus PB2cap at 1.52 A resolution. By comparing it with the ligand-bound structure, the dissociation and rotation of the ligand-binding domain in PB2cap from the C-terminal domain is identified. This domain movement is present in many PB2cap structures, suggesting its functional relevance for polymerase activity.
Vasopressin stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis in LLC-PK1 cells

LLC-PK1 cells have been shown to possess vasopressin (VP) receptors (V2 type) that are coupled to adenyl cyclase to generate adenosine 3,5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). To determine whether VP also stimulates phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis to generate inositol phosphate (IP) and diacylglycerol (DAG) messenger system in LLC-PK1 cells, we measured the release of IP in LLC-PK1 cells in the absence and presence of various concentrations of VP. In addition, we also determined the effect of an increase in osmolality of the incubation medium on VP-stimulated PI hydrolysis in LLC-PK1 cells. The methods involved the incubation of LLC-PK1 cells with [3H]inositol for its incorporation into membrane PI and the measurement of the release of [3H]IP in the presence of LiCl which prevents dephosphorylation. The osmolality of the incubation media was increased from 300 to 600, 900, and 1,200 mosmol/kgH2O by the addition of NaCl and urea. In an isosmotic incubation medium, VP (10(-8) M) produced a 100% increase in PI hydrolysis in LLC-PK1 cells. The effect was much greater at higher concentrations of the hormone. There was no effect of osmolality in VP-stimulated PI hydrolysis in LLC-PK1 cells up to 600 mosmol/kgH2O, but PI hydrolysis decreased significantly when the osmolality of the incubation medium was increased to 900 or 1,200 mosmol/kgH2O. Our results suggest that in LLC-PK1 cells, VP stimulates PI hydrolysis probably through VP receptors that are coupled to phospholipase C. Furthermore, VP-stimulated PI messenger system in LLC-PK1 cells is influenced by osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
Learning about Learners: System Learning in Virtual Learning Environment

Virtual learning is not just about a set of useful IT tools for learning. From an examination on where virtual learning stands in the overall learning spectrum, we point out the important impact of natural computing on virtual learning. We survey and analyze selected literature on important role of natural computing aspects, such as emergence (using swarm intelligence to achieve collective intelligence) and emotion, to virtual learning. In addition, in order to effectively incorporate these aspects into virtual learning, we propose using infrastructural support for virtual learning through system learning: The virtual learning environment not only provides facilities for learners, but also observes the behavior of learners and takes actions, so that its own performance can be improved (i.e., to better serve the learners). In this sense, system learning is concerned with learning about learners. Consequently, a virtual learning environment is a true human-machine symbiosis, paired by human learning and system learning.
Analysis of Rock Mass Stability Based on Mining-Induced Seismicity: A Case Study at the Hongtoushan Copper Mine in China

In deep metal mines, seismic hazards (for example, rock bursts and roof collapses) occur easily due to the influence of complicated geological conditions, high-stress environments and strong blast disturbances. A microseismic (MS) monitoring technique was used to evaluate rock mass stability in the Hongtoushan copper mine in China. The changes in the multiple MS parameters, including the apparent volume, energy index, spatial correlation length, fractal dimension and b value, during the mining process were presented. The results showed that the MS sequences decayed following Omori’s power-law and that the rock mass returned to a relatively stable state after approximately 20 days of blasting. After each stoping, the proportion of large-scale fractures increased, the MS events become more concentrated, and the long-range correlations of the rock mass weakened. These changes caused b value, fractal characteristics and spatial correlation length to decrease significantly. Although the risk of a large-scale rock mass failure was reduced, the risk of a local failure increased. As the mining process continued, stress and deformation gradually increased, and the areas with concentrated stress and large deformation were not consistent. Control measures for hazards should be implemented according to the corresponding occurrence mechanisms as determined from the differences in the rock mass physics mechanics.
Policy implications of climate forecasts for water resources management in the Pacific Northwest

The Columbia River Basin management system suffers from conflicts over water use and allocation, and vulnerability to climate variability that disrupt hydropower, fisheries, irrigation, water supply, and other vital activities. Climate forecasts have the potential to improve water resource management in this system supporting management decisions that decrease its vulnerability to droughts, floods, and other crises related to climate variability. This study shows that despite the potential utility, managers do not use climate forecasts except for background information. The barriers to managers' use of climate forecasts include low forecast skill, lack of interpretation and demonstrated applications, low geographic resolution, inadequate links to climate variability related impacts, and institutional aversion to incorporating new tools into decision making. To realize the potential of climate forecasts for water resources management, we recommend strategies that include technical improvements to the forecast products, and joint efforts between forecast producers and the management community to develop and demonstrate climate forecast applications through reciprocal and iterative education.
Single lung transplantation. Alternative indications and technique.

Twenty-two patients have undergone 23 single lung transplants between March 1980 and April 1990 at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. The actuarial survival rate is 77.27% at 12 months and 72.73% at 24 months. There have been no instances of bronchial dehiscence or stenosis, even though 13 of the patients were on a program of preoperative prednisone, every patient had high-dose perioperative methylprednisolone, and omental wraps were not used on any bronchial anastomosis. Of particular interest is the fact that three patients had primary pulmonary hypertension, three had secondary pulmonary hypertension, and 10 patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, due in five cases to an α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Each of these entities was previously thought to contraindicate single lung transplantation. Donor selection was based on an oxygen tension/inspired oxygen concentration ratio greater than 300, donor/recipient chest circumference within 3 inches, clear chest x-ray film, negative sputum Gram stain, and less than 6-hour estimated ischemic time. Harvest technique included donor prostaglandin E1 500 μg, topical slush, and pulmonoplegia with cold Euro-Collins solution. The heart and lung were separated in situ rather than the heart lung block being removed. A telescoping bronchial anastomosis was performed with 4-0 Prolene (not absorbable) sutures. We conclude that single lung transplantation has evolved into a simple operation, necessitating meticulous preoperative and postoperative care, which can be performed on a wide spectrum of critically ill patients with an acceptable mortality rate.
Introduction to Electromagnetic Surface Waves

When an electromagnetic wave propagates through a condensed medium, its properties are modified by the coupling of the electromagnetic wave to the elementary excitations of the medium. The coupled excitation is frequently referred to as a polariton and consists of a photon coupled to a plasmon, optical phonon, magnon, etc. An electromagnetic surface wave or surface polariton is a polariton in which the electromagnetic field is localized at the surface of the medium [1]. In the present discussion we restrict ourselves to planar surfaces.
Noninvasive assessment of renal fibrosis by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound techniques

Renal fibrosis is a useful biomarker for diagnosis and guidance of therapeutic interventions of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a worldwide disease that affects more than 10% of the population and is one of the major causes of death. Currently, tissue biopsy is the gold standard for assessment of renal fibrosis. However, it is invasive, and prone to sampling error and observer variability, and may also result in complications. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography, have shown promise for noninvasive assessment of renal fibrosis. These imaging techniques measure renal fibrosis by evaluating its impacts on the functional, mechanical, and molecular properties of the kidney, such as water mobility by diffusion MRI, tissue hypoxia by blood oxygenation level dependent MRI, renal stiffness by MR and ultrasound elastography, and macromolecule content by magnetization transfer imaging. Other MR techniques, such as T1/T2 mapping and susceptibility-weighted imaging have also been explored for measuring renal fibrosis. Promising findings have been reported in both preclinical and clinical studies using these techniques. Nevertheless, limited specificity, sensitivity, and practicality in these techniques may hinder their immediate application in clinical routine. In this review, we will introduce methodologies of these techniques, outline their applications in fibrosis imaging, and discuss their limitations and pitfalls.
Effectiveness of a Summer Experience for Inspiring Interest in Geoscience Among Hispanic-American High School Students

Summer programs are a common strategy for increasing interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) careers among K-12 students. Here we report four years of results from a two-week program designed to expose Hispanic-American high school students in El Paso, Texas to content and careers in the geosciences. The goal of the program was to grow interest in geoscience among a group of students already interested in STEM careers in order to spur a long-term increase in the number of students entering the geosciences from a demographic group that is now greatly under-represented in the geoscience workforce. Short-term indicators, in the form of data from pre- and post-participation surveys, show statistically significant positive changes in participants' attitudes towards geoscience. Longer-term indicators, in the form of survey results designed to track participants' college careers, show that 55% are still in the geoscience pipeline, as measured by a choice of a STEM discipline as a college ma...
A Journey of Taking Industrial Design Students into Uncharted Territories. Designing Crowd-Sourced Playful Interactions for a Public Art Event

The field of industrial design is finding itself in a highly transitional state. While at its core, the traditional values of teaching visualization techniques, form, design research, human factors, and manufacturing methods remain critical to the creation of innovative artifacts of mostly singular nature, the world around us has changed both in added complexity and increased digitalization. The scope of designing future designers therefore calls for reevaluating better strategies to address a big picture approach of solving complex problems at the intersection of users, behaviors, and interactions, with a plurality of possible artifacts or systems. Traditional models of the underlying design process tend to treat the “Design” as a noun, emphasizing the final outcome (the artifact) as the ultimate goal of the undertaken creative process. In contrast to this approach, there is an increasing recognition towards embracing “design” as a verb, by shifting the focus and design contributions onto the process itself to ultimately leverage the realm of results [1].
ONTAS: Flexible and Scalable Online Network Traffic Anonymization System

Access to packet traces is required not only to detect and diagnose various network issues related to performance and security, but also to train intelligent learning models enabling networks that can run themselves. However, packets in a network carry a lot of information which can be used to personally identify users and their online behavior. This requires network operators to anonymize packet traces before sharing them with other researchers and analysts. Existing tools anonymize packet traces in an offline manner, which incurs significant computational, storage, and memory overhead---limiting their ability to scale as the volume of the collected packet trace increases. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an Online Network Traffic Anonymization System, ONTAS, which can flexibly anonymize packet traces in the data plane itself using modern PISA-based programmable switches.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transodontoid Approach for Degenerative Pseudotumor of the Craniocervical Junction.

Ventral masses of the craniocervical junction threaten the medulla and upper spinal cord leading to lower cranial nerve dysfunction and myelopathy. Traditional transoral and newer endonasal approaches can access ventral pathology in this region, though both remain challenging due to the competing goals of achieving sufficient decompression, yet mitigating risk to nearby critical neurovascular structures. Transoral approaches have traditionally been avoided for degenerative pseudotumor which generally slowly regresses following posterior fixation. Here, we present two cases of patients with significant retroodontoid degenerative pseudotumor and pannus causing dysphagia and myelopathy. The first patient was found with a large broad pannus requiring a wide decompression extending from lower clivus to inferior aspect of the C1 arch and odontoid process. The second patient had a more focal mass effect due to pannus and synovial cyst at the level of the inferior half of C1 and midodontoid. Both patients underwent an endoscopic endonasal transodontoid approach for immediate decompression followed by a posterior C1–C2 fusion. In these surgical videos, we highlight anatomic considerations in this critical area, demonstrate nuances of technique, and outline strategies to avoid complications and maximize exposure. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/19I-GQYGIr4 .
Doing math with mathematicians to support pedagogical reasoning about inquiry-oriented instruction

Given the prevalence of research in undergraduate mathematics education focused on student reasoning and the development of instructional innovations that leverage student reasoning, it is important to understand the ways undergraduate mathematics instructors make sense of these innovations. We characterize pedagogical reasoning about inquiry-oriented instruction relative to vertices of the instructional triangle (content, students, and instructor). Through this lens, we analyze conversations of twenty-five mathematicians who elected to attend a workshop on inquiry-oriented instruction at a large national mathematics conference. Identifying differences in talk between two breakout groups, we argue that deeper mathematical engagement in task sequences designed for students supported deeper engagement in students’ mathematical reasoning and engendered reasoning about instruction that was more frequently accompanied by rationale based in mathematics or students’ reasoning about mathematics. Importantly, deeper mathematical engagement was observed when the discussion facilitator prompted participants to engage through a mathematical lens rather than an instructional lens.
Characterization of native knee microorganisms using next-generation sequencing in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers improved sensitivity compared to culture-based methods for identifying organisms from synovial joints. It remains unclear whether native microorganisms exist in a joint, and positive NGS results may be interpreted as pathologic when in fact they may represent this native microbiome. The purpose of this study was to characterize the native knee microorganism profile in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Forty consecutive patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were enrolled prospectively. During TKA surgery but prior to arthrotomy, the native knee was aspirated and the fluid was sent for NGS analysis. Immediately after arthrotomy, four separate tissue samples were also sent for NGS analysis. All microbes identified by NGS were recorded. Results Twelve out of forty patients (30%) had at least one positive organism identified by NGS from their native knee. Of those with positive NGS results, 9/12 (75%) had more than one organism identified (range two to 11). There were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, or incidence of prior knee injections between the two groups. There were 48 unique organisms identified from all patients, and the average number of organisms identified by NGS was 4.6 per patient. Four sterile water controls were all negative for organisms. Conclusion A proportion of patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty have organisms identified in their joint by NGS at the time of surgery. Organisms identified after TKA by NGS when concern for periprosthetic joint infection exists may represent the native microbiome rather than pathogenic microbes.
Anterior versus posterior leaflet mitral valve repair: A propensity-matched analysis.

Abstract Objective Mitral valve repair is superior to replacement for degenerative disease, but long-term outcomes of anterior versus posterior leaflet repair remain poorly defined. We propensity matched anterior and posterior repairs to compare long-term outcomes. Methods Patients undergoing first-time degenerative mitral repair between 1992 and 2018 were identified. Primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were postprocedural residual mitral regurgitation and reoperation. From 1025 patients, 1:1 propensity score matching was performed, yielding 309 anterior (isolated anterior = 85, bileaflet = 224) and 309 isolated posterior repairs. Results Age was 58 ± 15 years, ejection fraction was 57% ± 10%, and matched groups were well balanced. Anterior repairs had longer bypass (122 ± 53 vs 109 ± 43 minutes, P = .001) and crossclamp (94 ± 44 vs 85 ± 62 minutes, P = .033) times. Mean residual mitral regurgitation grade was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.65) for anterior repair and 0.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.47) for posterior repair (P = .31). Overall, 92% (569/618) of matched patients had no residual mitral regurgitation, with no differences in mitral regurgitation grade between groups (P = .77). Survival did not differ between anterior (10 years: 72% ± 7%; 15 years: 63% ± 7%) and posterior (10 years: 74% ± 7%; 15 years: 60% ± 8%) groups (log-rank P = .93). Linearized incidence of reoperation was 0.62% per patient-year, including 0.74% for anterior and 0.48% for posterior repairs. Cumulative incidence of reoperation at 15 years was 7.5% after anterior repair and 4.9% after posterior repair (Gray's test P = .26). Conclusions No long-term survival or reoperation difference was found between posterior and anterior repair. On the basis of these findings, surgeons at centers of excellence should aim for repair of both anterior and posterior leaflet pathology with the same decision-making threshold over valve replacement for degenerative mitral disease.
Public Values and Attitudes toward Marine Reserves and Marine Wilderness

This article examines public values and attitudes associated with the current marine reserves (MRs) in Oregon (United States), and how attitudes might change if these areas were to be designated as...
Effect of metastatic lesion size and location on the load-bearing capacity of vertebrae using an optimized ash density-modulus equation.

About 1.8 million new cancer cases are estimated in the US in 2019 from which 50–85% might metastasize to the thoracic and lumbar spines. Subject-specific quantitative computed tomography-based fin...
A presentation of E-Cigarette vaping associated lung injury (EVALI) caused by THC-Containing electronic smoking device

Several cases have recently been reported concerning the development of a syndrome of acute lung injury associated with the use of electronic cigarettes, leading to respiratory failure and several deaths. We present a case of a young veteran who presented with e-cigarette vaping associated lung injury (EVALI) to a primary care clinic and who required subsequent inpatient admission and home oxygen therapy after discharge. The patient afterwards improved after a three-month course of steroids and cessation of THC-containing electronic cigarettes, consistent with previously reported cases. Furthermore, evidence on bronchoscopy and biopsy demonstrated intracellular lipid droplets in the patient's macrophages. This outpatient case of EVALI prompts primary care providers to raise suspicion of this condition, and enquire about the use of e-cigarettes, particularly THC-containing vaping products. Furthermore, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, similar clinical and radiographic presentations between COVID-19 and EVALI can be seen.
Does Quality Improve with Customer Voice? Evidence from the Hotel Industry

In this paper, we empirically study whether firms improve their quality based on reviews left by their customers in a dynamic quality environment. We do so by analyzing the US hotel industry using data from two major online review platforms: TripAdvisor and Expedia. Using management response as a proxy for whether hotels read and listen to consumer reviews, and a difference-in-differences strategy, we demonstrate that hotels make improvements in quality by paying attention to the reviews they receive. Moreover, we show that these improvements are primarily made by low-rated hotels that have more room for improvement, and by chain hotels likely because of their lower operational marginal cost. To pin down the underlying mechanism, we analyze the text of reviews and responses using novel tools for natural language processing, and show that: (i) hotels that listen to customers improve on issues that are frequently mentioned in their reviews, and (ii) hotels that use canned responses are less likely to see improvements in quality. Overall, our results suggest that online user-generated reviews form a feedback mechanism through which consumers make themselves heard by businesses and contribute to changes in the quality of those businesses.
Rank aggregation algorithms for fair consensus

Aggregating multiple rankings in a database is an important task well studied by the database community. High-stakes application domains include hiring, lending, and education where multiple decision makers rank candidates and their input is then combined into an overall consensus ranking. While state-of-art aggregation methods succeed in giving equal say to each decision maker, to date no methods ensure fair representation for groups of candidates being ranked, who risk being impacted by discriminatory bias. We present the first solution to this open problem of guaranteeing fairness for disadvantaged groups of candidates, while still producing a good consensus of the base rankings. We design a family of exact fair algorithms achieving optimality for fair rank aggregation. We also develop approximate methods achieving fairness with guaranteed minimal approximation error scaling to millions of candidates in the rankings. A comparative study evaluates our proposed methods, revealing trade-offs between aggregation accuracy and different degrees of unfair bias in a rich variety of rank aggregation scenarios. Our real-world case study demonstrates that our solutions mitigate unfair bias using real-world data.
Leveraging the thermoresponsiveness of fluorinated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymers as a sensing tool for perfluorooctane sulfonate.

Due to mounting evidence of the negative health effects of persistent perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with long (i.e., >C7) tails, there is a need for convenient systems capable of sensing these contaminants at dilute aqueous concentrations. To address this concern, a thermoresponsive polymeric network composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymerized with fluorinated comonomers was studied to characterize the gel's physical response to fluorosurfactants in solution. Incorporating fluorinated comonomers into the polymer backbone raised their swelling in fluorocontaminant solutions relative to water – gels synthesized with 10.0 mol% 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA) displayed a heightened maximum water-analyte swelling difference of 3761 ± 147% compared to 3201 ± 466% for non-fluorinated gels in the presence of 1 mM tetraethylammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate (TPFOS). The normalized area under the curve for gels with 12.5 mol% TFEA was further raised to 1.77 ± 0.09, indicating a broadened response window for the contaminant, but at the cost of reducing the overall swelling ratio to 3227 ± 166% and elongating the time required to reach swelling equilibrium. Overall, a copolymer fed with 10.7 mol% TFEA was predicted to maximize both the swelling and response window of the polymer toward TPFOS. Equilibration times followed a logarithmic increase as the percentage of comonomer was raised, noting gradual fluorosurfactant penetration into the gels impeded by initial gel compaction caused by the addition of fluorinated comonomers. Comparative study of gels containing 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate, TFEA, or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate identified careful selection of fluorinated comonomers and their feed ratios as useful tools for tailoring the network's swelling response to TPFOS.
Exploring Domain-Specific Architectures for Energy-Efficient Wearable Computing

This paper explores the use of domain-specific architectures for energy-efficient and flexible computing of a variety of workloads, including signal processing applications, in wearable devices. As wearable devices become more popular, and with growing consumer demands, these devices are expected to run a wide range of increasingly complex workloads. A general-purpose solution for wearable computing (e.g., microcontrollers and microprocessors) affords high flexibility, wherein a wide range of applications can be run, but offers mediocre performance and may result in high energy and area overheads. On the other end of the computing flexibility spectrum, application-specific integrated circuits (or accelerators) may optimize a specific algorithm, resulting in inflexible computing and under-utilization of computing resources. Domain-specific architectures (DSAs) provide a happy medium of computing flexibility. DSAs focus on doing a few things—i.e., satisfying the computing requirements of a set of domain workloads with execution similarities—extremely well. As such, DSAs maximize resource usage and achieve substantial performance and energy benefits for a variety of applications. In this work, we first analyze wearable workloads to identify their execution patterns, data movement characteristics, execution bottlenecks, and similarities. Thereafter, we explore various DSA design schemes to meet the increasing processing requirements of wearable workloads, within the typically stringent design constraints of wearable devices. We analyze the performance, energy, and area tradeoffs of the different DSA design schemes in comparison to multiple state-of-the-art architectures, and show, through experimental results, that DSAs offer much promise for flexible, low-overhead, and energy-efficient wearable computing.
Estimating the Thermal Conductivity of Asphalt Binders

Nowadays, there is a common worldwide interest in environmental issues and pavements. How to save energy and mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect are topics that are drawing the attention of different researches and industrial organizations. In road infrastructure, one of the important properties addressing environmental and UHI aspects of pavements is the determination of the thermal conductivity. Asphalt concrete represents the third most widely used resource in the world, with asphalt-paved roads being its principal usage. One of the most important components of asphalt concrete is bitumen. Bitumen is a viscoelastic material susceptible to temperature changes. The determination of the bitumen’s thermal conductivity becomes very important in understanding and improving its thermal performance. There are very few test methods and equipment to measure thermal conductivity of bitumen (asphalt binders). Some are expensive and require special equipment and instrumentation. This study developed and validated a simplified testing technique to measure thermal conductivity of asphalt binders. This test is a steady state–based method to estimate the thermal conductivity of asphalt binders using cylindrical samples poured into a silicon mold. The method was validated using material of known thermal conductivity. A total of 18 samples of different binder grades were tested, and the test results were repeatable and within known thermal conductivity values. Sensitivity analysis and accuracy of the proposed method were validated modifying the asphalt binder with a material with a very low thermal conductivity. This method to estimate thermal conductivity of bitumen samples was found to provide an affordable alternative test procedure with good accuracy and precision.
A New Electrically Conducting Metal–Organic Framework Featuring U-Shaped cis-Dipyridyl Tetrathiafulvalene Ligands

A new electrically conducting 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) with a unique architecture was synthesized using 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (TCPB) a redox-active cis-dipyridyl-tetrathiafulvalene (Z-DPTTF) ligand. While TCPB formed Zn2(COO)4 secondary building units (SBUs), instead of connecting the Zn2-paddlewheel SBUs located in different planes and forming a traditional pillared paddlewheel MOF, the U-shaped Z-DPTTF ligands bridged the neighboring SBUs formed by the same TCPB ligand like a sine-curve along the b axis that created a new sine-MOF architecture. The pristine sine-MOF displayed an intrinsic electrical conductivity of 1 × 10-8 S/m, which surged to 5 × 10-7 S/m after I2 doping due to partial oxidation of electron rich Z-DPTTF ligands that raised the charge-carrier concentration inside the framework. However, the conductivities of the pristine and I2-treated sine-MOFs were modest possibly because of large spatial distances between the ligands that prevented π-donor/acceptor charge-transfer interactions needed for effective through-space charge movement in 3D MOFs that lack through coordination-bond charge transport pathways.
“What just happened?”: Understanding Non-visual Watching Sports Experiences

Sports enhances cultural and social life by bringing individuals and communities together. While sports have a different meaning and importance depending on the culture and people, there is a long history of people watching sports. However, sports viewing can rely on visual information, and not fully accessible to People with Vision Impairments (PVI). In this paper, we present findings from interviews with 43 PVI about their experiences and attitudes toward watching sports. We report on their stories about accessibility challenges, and suggestions for future accessible technologies that could increase the accessibility of watching sports, with a focus on the information needs and modality.