cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An HDMI Cable Equalizer With Self-Generated Energy Ratio Adaptation Scheme

This brief presents an adaptive equalizer for high-definition-multimedia-interface (HDMI) systems with a new adaptation scheme by comparing the energy ratio in high-frequency and low-frequency bands of the equalized signal with a self-generated energy ratio. The self-generated energy ratio tracks process, voltage, and temperature variations to overcome the problem with preset energy ratio adaptation. Fabricated in 0.5- mum SiGe BiCMOS technology, the adaptive equalizer occupies 0.25 mm2 and consumes 108 mW from 3.3-V voltage supply at 2.25-Gb/s data rate. Measurement results show that it can automatically adapt to up to 10-m HDMI cables, achieving 0.1-UI peak-to-peak jitter in equalized signals.
Isolation of two early B lymphocyte progenitors from mouse marrow: A committed Pre-Pre-B cell and a clonogenic Thy-1lo hematopoietic stem cell

Two novel early B lymphocyte precursor populations have been identified by their capacity to differentiate in Whitlock-Witte bone marrow cultures. Cells expressing neither the B lineage antigen B220 nor Thy-1 contain committed B cell precursors which differentiate in short-term culture into pre-B and B cells. The other population expresses low levels of Thy-1, and lacks B220 as well as the T cell markers L3T4 and Lyt-2. The Thy-1+ cells which initiate long-term B cell cultures contain clonogenic B cell precursors at a frequency of 1 in 11, a 100-fold enrichment over unseparated bone marrow. Thy-1+ cells are also highly enriched for myeloid-erythroid precursors (CFU-S). Thy-1+ cells allow long-term survival of lethally irradiated mice and fully reconstitute the hematopoietic system, including T and B lymphocyte compartments. These results indicate that this population (approximately 0.1% of bone marrow) may contain the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
Effect of Study Skills Program Participation on Undergraduate Student Academic Performance

Using archived data spanning from 2004 to 2010 from a large, public, Texas university’s formal study skills program, the relationships between program participation and grade point averages (GPAs), 1-year retention rates, and graduation rates (i.e., they did or did not graduate) were analyzed. Employing a proportionate stratified random sampling scheme within a causal-comparative research design, the authors conducted an independent samples t test and chi-square tests—after applying the Bonferroni adjustment to control for inflations of Type I error—to investigate the differences between the experimental group ( n = 2,074) and control group ( n = 2,074) with respect to these three outcome measures (i.e., GPAs, 1-year retention rates, and graduation rates). Findings indicated a small but statistically significant difference in GPA between students in the experimental group and the control group. However, no statistically significant difference in retention rates emerged between students in these two groups. Finally, although a statistically significant difference emerged in graduation rates between students in these two groups, the effect size was negligible. As such, further research is suggested.
The Automated Change Detection and Classification Real-time (ACDC-RT) System

This paper presents an Automated Change Detection and Classification (ACDC) System, developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), which aids analysts in performing change detection in real-time (RT) by co-registering new and historical imagery and using automated change detection algorithms that suggest imagery changes. In this paper, ACDC-RT components are described and results given from a recent change detection experiment.
A Selective Profiling Tool: Towards Automatic Performance Tuning

We present some preliminary results of selective profiling in our efforts towards automatic performance tuning for scientific codes. Performance analysis and tuning are becoming very important with the increasing complexity and speed of high performance systems. Great efforts are necessary to tune applications for optimal performance on such systems. In our efforts to automate most, if not all, of the performance tuning process, we developed a flexible profiling tool that can quickly pinpoint the performance bottlenecks and further refine the problem area. This is an important first step in our open framework with a rule-based approach for our ongoing PERCS project.
Renin Activity and Blood Pressure in Response to Chronic Episodic Hypoxia

Previous studies in several strains of rats have demonstrated that 35 days of recurrent episodic hypoxia (EH) (7 hours per day), with a fractional concentration of inspired oxygen that produces desaturation equivalent to the recurrent hypoxemia of sleep apnea, results in an 8 to 13 mm Hg persistent increase in diurnal systemic blood pressure (BP). Carotid chemoreceptors and the sympathetic nervous system have been shown to be necessary for development of this BP increase. Both renal artery denervation and adrenal demedullation block the BP response to chronic EH. The present study was undertaken to define further the role of the kidneys and the renin-angiotensin system in this BP increase. Separate groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats had either (1) bilateral renal artery denervation with EH, (2) sham surgery with EH, (3) sham surgery with sham EH (compressed air), (4) EH with losartan, (5) unhandled with losartan, or (6) unhandled. The experimental period lasted 35 days. Both renal-artery denervated and losartan-treated animals showed no BP change or a lowering of BP in response to EH, whereas the sham-operated EH animals showed a progressive, sustained increase in resting room air BP. BP remained at basal levels or fell in unhandled and unhandled losartan-treated animals. Plasma renin activity was elevated 4-fold versus basal levels in EH animals with renal nerves intact but remained at baseline levels in denervated animals. At the end of the experiment, renal tissue catecholamines confirmed renal denervation in those animals. In conclusion, EH causes a progressive increase in BP, mediated in part through renal sympathetic nerve activity that acts to increase renin-angiotensin system activity through angiotensin II type 1 receptors.
Provision of Drug Information — A Company Report:

Medical Surveillance and Communications, Medical Affairs, at Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is responsible for monitoring, evaluating, classifying and communicating all facets of possible adverse reactions to company products. Worldwide literature and data on investigational drugs and marketed ethical products are entered into a comprehensive computer database for later retrieval as required. Adverse reaction trends are identified and disseminated as appropriate. Medical Surveillance and Communications also performs drug information services commensurate with the needs of the company, interfacing with various members of Medical Affairs and other appropriate company personnel.
A Proposed Relationship between Time and Load to Quantify Fatigue

Research has shown that both workload and time are associated with fatigue; however, a functional relationship does not exist. This study observed sixteen participants in their workplace (computer programming and simulation) to quantify the workload-time-fatigue relationship for sedentary tasks. Equal numbers of participants were observed in the morning and afternoon sessions. Workload was measured both subjectively and objectively; while fatigue was measured using the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) and a modified Borg scale. Forward selection stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the underlying mathematical relationship between workload, time, and fatigue. Results indicate that for sedentary tasks, fatigue is a hyperbolic function of workload and time; meaning an inherent interactiononly relationship between workload, time, and fatigue exists. Therefore, an individual can work for longer periods of time if the workload is minimal, and vice versa.
Predictors of Adolescent Sexual Risk Taking Behaviors Which Put Them at Risk for Contracting HIV

This article reports results of a study exploring predictors of adolescents' behavior that could reduce their risk of contracting HIV. The theory of reasoned action is employed as a framework. Participants included eighth-grade students (n = 230), eleventh- and twelfth-grade students (n = 106), and first- and second-year college students (n = 156). Results of regression analyses suggest the best predictor of some risky behavior (e.g., condom use) is attitude toward risky behavior while predictors of other behaviors (e.g., number of sexual partners) varies by sample group. Implications for community educators, teachers, and HIV/AIDS message designers are discussed.
Emotions in Politics

The study of emotion in politics has been active, especially as it relates to the personality of political leaders and as an explanation for how people evaluate significant features around them. Researchers have been divided into two groups—those who study leaders and those who study publics. The research programs have also been divided between those who use emotion to explain reliance on early experience that dominates contemporary judgment and those who use emotion to explain why people respond to the immediate contemporary circumstances around them. More recently, theory and research have attempted to reconcile these two seemingly contradictory roles by integrating them. Emotion's role in politics is pervasive both because emotion enables past experience to be encoded with its evaluative history and because emotion enables contemporary circumstances to be quickly evaluated. More recently still, theoretical models and supporting evidence suggest that there are multiple channels of emotional evaluations.
The subtalar joint complex of Australopithecus sediba.

The hominin talus has figured prominently in previous studies of the functional morphology of the talocrural joint, but the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints have received comparatively less attention despite their functional importance as components of the subtalar joint complex. An associated complete talus and calcaneus attributed to the Malapa Hominin 2 (MH2) individual of Australopithecus sediba offers the opportunity to evaluate the subtalar joint complex in an early hominin. Furthermore, detailed morphological comparisons of A. sediba to other fossil hominins such as Australopithecus africanus have not yet been conducted. Here I quantify joint curvatures and angular measurements among extant hominoids and fossil hominins to evaluate the functional morphology of the subtalar joint complex of A. sediba. Australopithecus sediba uniquely combines talocalcaneal joint morphology indicative of mobility with specializations of the talonavicular joint that provide medial midtarsal stabilization. Multivariate analyses of talus and calcaneus variables show that A. sediba is most similar to extant gorillas in the morphology of the subtalar joint complex. In contrast, other hominins, such as OH 8, are more similar to modern humans. The morphological similarity between MH2 (U.W. 88-98/99) and specimens from Sterkfontein, Member 4 (StW 88, StW 102, StW 352) in morphologies of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints suggests that A. sediba may have possessed a foot that was functionally similar to that of A. africanus. This combination of morphologies in the A. sediba foot is probably derived among hominins and suggests that arboreality may have been adaptively significant for southern African Australopithecus.
Deliberating the Divine: On Extending the Justification from Truth to Religious Expression

The principal argument used by the U.S. Supreme Court to justify the right of free speech derives from the assumption that deliberation over a diversity of perspectives is more likely than their paucity to help the audience discover some provisional truth. I call this the justification from truth and its advocates are plentiful and prominent, including justices Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Louis Brandeis as well as the philosophers John Stuart Mill and John Milton. Puzzlingly, the Court has generally avoided applying this justification to religious expression and neither the Court nor any scholar has offered a sufficiently developed account of what an application of the justification from truth to religious expression might look like. I attempt to do so in this article. The justification from truth is one of the most discussed topics for law since the European Enlightenment and the topic of religion has obviously provoked voluminous discussion. I hope to offer in my article a novel and engaging conceptual bridge between these two categories that will be of interest to scholars who study constitutional law as well as to those who study church-state relations and the many readers who find intriguing questions about the search for religious truth. I employ a series of case suites in the latter part of the article manuscript to illustrate how the justification from truth can be applied to religious expression, and it is my hope that such case suites will serve as a useful practical guide to judges.
Duration of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and IBD

Duration of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and IBD
Between word and text in life narratives: Using discourse synthesis to model processes

The purpose of this essay is to examine the relationships between “the oral” and “the written” in a particular application of narrative research (life rendering research). First, we examine a functional and valuing contrast between oral and written language within oral history methods. Second, we present a critical examination of the use of these linguistic predispositions as they impact life history narratives. Next, we examine a particularly close analogy between oral history and psychiatric patient write-up. Finally, the historical oral/written tension located in oral history practice is located within the frameworks of newer, media-based literacies. The tensions that these intentions create are particularly acute in power-based relationships, such as those between interviewers and informants. Therefore, the organization of the paper is a series of issues that combine to form a critical look at the use of informants’ words in the written narratives of the oral history as a form of discourse synthesis (Spivey, 1997).
Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for rabies in Jining City from 2006 to 2007

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and the risk factors of rabies reported from 2006 to 2007 in Jining City,and provide the scientific basis for rabies prevention and control.Methods Case survey was carried out using epidemiological methods and description statistical analysis.Results Forty-nine cases of rabies died from 2006 to 2007,among which farmers were accounted for 89.80%(44/49),patients bitten by dog accounted for 97.96%(48/49),77.55%(38/49) patients were Ⅲ Level exposition,55.1%(27/49) patients did not be treated in the wound after exposure,79.59%(39/49) case did not be injected rabies vaccine,and none has given the anti-rabies passive immunity preparation promptly.Conclusion The incidence of rabies was mainly in rural of Jining City,and directly related to treating wounds without prompt and standard,and injected rabies vaccine and anti-rabies passive immunity preparation or without completed the full immunity.
Considerations On Mass Calamity: an Analysis 5 Years After the Panait Sarbu Maternity Explosion

On August 16 th , 2010, a short-circuit at the electric system of the Intensive Care Unit for Premature Newborns (ICU-PM) of the Giule?ti maternity in Bucharest, Romania, caused a massive explosion. Inside, at the time, there were 11 babies. Of them, eventually, six would die. Over one hundred persons were evacuated in the following hours by the emergency services, among them the mother – children couplets that were transferred to the Burns Unit of the Children’s Hospital (Gr. Alexandrescu). Of six transferred, five survived. This analysis looks back at the events, almost five years after the explosion, from the perspective of the psycho-traumatologist embedded with the Burns – Unit team during 9 months afterwards.
Trauma survival margin analysis: a dissection of trauma center performance through initial lactate

Measurement of trauma center performance presently relies on W-score calculation and comparison to national data sets. A limitation to this practice is a skewing of the W score, as it determines overall performance of a trauma population that is often heavily weighted by patients of low acuity. The University of Virginia relative mortality metric (RMM) was formulated to provide higher resolution in identifying areas of performance improvement within subpopulations of a trauma center using traditional Trauma Injury Severity Score methodology. Lactic acidosis has been established as a risk factor for mortality in the setting of trauma. This study aims to compare survival margin, defined as the area between actual and predicted mortality curves, in patients with either normal or elevated initial lactate. W score and RMM were calculated and compared in these cohorts. Whereas the W score suggested increased survival within the high initial lactate group, the RMM demonstrated the expected finding of increased survival margin in the normal lactate cohort. The RMM is a potentially valuable tool for trauma centers to monitor and improve performance. In addition, these findings validate the use of lactate as a triage and risk adjustment tool in the trauma setting. Language: en
Improving Auditors’ Consideration of Evidence Contradicting Management's Assumptions

Auditors must assess the reasonableness of management’s estimates and have difficulty evaluating the assumptions underlying these estimates. One source of these problems is that auditors appear to dismiss evidence that contradicts management’s assumptions, due to their initial preference to support management’s accounting. We experimentally examine whether focusing auditors on documenting evidence inconsistent with their preferred conclusion reduces their dismissiveness of evidence that contradicts management’s assumptions. We find that preference-inconsistent auditors prepare documentation that is overall less dismissive of key evidence that contradicts management’s biased estimate and that they document more inferences that contradict, rather than support, management’s assumptions. Importantly, preference-inconsistent auditors do not increase their documentation of contradicting facts, indicating that a preference-inconsistent documentation focus affects how auditors interpret contradicting evidence rather than merely increasing their attention to this evidence. These documentation effects persist to improve auditors’ evaluations of the biased estimate. Thus, focusing auditors on documenting evidence inconsistent with their preferred conclusion improves audit quality in an important and difficult area.
Causality and Maxwell's equations

Causality is addressed in the context of the principles of electromagnetism for nonsinusoidal fields. Topics include Maxwell's equations, integral equations for scattering, stepping-in-time algorithms, dispersive media, and Green's functions.
East meets west: Location of the contact zone between genetic lineages of the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, in southeastern Texas

Abstract Two genetic lineages of the hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, form an area of contact at one location in eastern Texas, with hybridization occurring, but the position of the contact zone in other areas of the United States remains unknown. The purpose of our study was to identify the location of the contact zone at its southernmost point. We employed a nuclear DNA fingerprinting technique, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), using 20 specimens collected from Orange, Brazoria, and Matagorda counties, Texas, along with reference specimens representative of the two lineages. Our results showed that in southeastern Texas the contact zone occurred in the vicinity of Galveston Bay.
Monosomal Karyotype In Primary Myelofibrosis Is Prognostically Worse Than Otherwise Unfavorable Karyotype

Abstract Abstract 3069 Background: Monosomal karyotype (MK) is defined as the presence of two or more distinct autosomal chromosome monosomies or a single autosomal monosomy associated with at least one structural abnormality (Breems DA et al. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4791). In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), MK has been shown to be prognostically worse than complex or other unfavorable karyotype (Breems DA et al. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4791). In primary myelofibrosis (PMF), complex karyotype or isolated trisomy 8 predicts inferior survival (Hussein K et al. Blood 2010; 115: 496). Objective: To determine if MK in PMF is prognostically distinct from previously defined poor cytogenetic risk categories including complex karyotype and isolated trisomy 8. Methods: The Mayo Clinic database for PMF was used to identify consecutive patients with unfavorable karyotype including complex karyotype and sole trisomy 8. WHO criteria were used for PMF diagnosis and leukemic transformation (Vardiman JW et al. Blood 2009; 114: 937). Results: Among 793 PMF patients with cytogenetic information at the time of their first time referral to the Mayo Clinic, 452 displayed a normal karyotype and 341 (43%) an abnormal karyotype. Of the latter, 41 (12%) displayed complex karyotype and 21 (6%) sole trisomy 8. Among the 41 patients with complex karyotype, 17 (42%) met the criteria for MK and 24 (58%) displayed complex karyotype without monosomies. Overall survival was significantly inferior in patients with MK compared to those with either complex karyotype without monosomies (p=0.02; HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.8) or trisomy 8 (p=0.02; HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–5.1) (Fig. 1). Prognosis among all three groups was significantly worse than patients with normal karyotype (Fig. 1). Leukemia-free survival was also significantly inferior in patients with MK compared to those with either complex karyotype without monosomies (p=0.02; HR 6.9, 95% CI 1.3–37.3) or trisomy 8 (p=0.02; HR 14.8, 95% CI 1.7–130.8) (Fig. 2). LFS in patients with normal karyotype was similar to those with either complex karyotype without monosomies (p=0.31) or trisomy 8 (p=0.86) (Figure 2). Conclusions: Monosomal karyotype in PMF is distinctly associated with extremely poor overall and leukemia-free survivals that are significantly worse than those seen in PMF patients with other unfavorable karyotype including complex karyotype without monosomies and sole trisomy 8 abnormalities. Download : Download high-res image (193KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (170KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The relationship between verbal fluency performance and grocery shopping in participants with and without moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. An initial investigation

Background: Individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often report some degree of chronic and disabling cognitive-linguistic sequelae following injury. The presence of these ...
Assessing the use of venous thromboembolism risk assessment profiles in the trauma population: is it necessary?

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the subsequent development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are a significant cause of mortality, morbidity, and cost of care in trauma patients. This study aims to: 1) validate 5 as a critical threshold for high risk; 2) validate risk factors associated with DVT/VTE development; 3) evaluate exogenous estrogen and smoking as risk factors; and 4) analyze daily risk assessment profile (RAP) score changes. We performed a retrospective chart review of trauma patients admitted from January 2001 through December 2005. Univariate odds ratios were performed to assess potential risk factors for VTE. Of the 110 charts reviewed, 31 patients had confirmed DVT/VTE. Three of 26 patients with an RAP score 2, and Glasgow Coma Scale score < 8. RAP fluctuations were due to a changing Glasgow Coma Scale score, and whether the patient received more than four transfusions, was in surgery for more than 2 hours, or required a femoral venous catheter or major venous repair. The RAP critical value (5) was not validated. We recommend all trauma patients be treated with prophylactic anticoagulants throughout the hospital stay unless clear contraindications exist.
Is the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program right for you

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program was established by the U.S. government under the College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007.[1][1] The primary goal of the PSLF program is to encourage individuals with federal student loan debt to pursue a career in various areas of public
Toward a mobile crowdsensing system for road surface assessment

Abstract Road surface roughness assessment plays an important role in transportation infrastructure management. Many approaches have been proposed to assess road surface conditions, however, most of these are either labor-intensive tasks or make use of specialized and expensive instruments. The concept of “citizen sensing”, which takes advantages of the sensor-rich smartphones, has been employed by scientists because of its low-cost and high-efficiency. This paper presents a novel crowdsensing-based system for road surface assessment using smartphones. The built-in GPS receiver and an accelerometer in smartphones are utilized to capture a spatial series of the geo-referenced Z-axis accelerations of the road surface, which are used to compute two assessment indexes that aid in determining the road quality. Field tests of the proposed system demonstrate that the condition of the road surface can be effectively identified and the transient events can be properly detected and located by mining the crowd sensed data.
Solar System Ephemerides, Pulsar Timing, Gravitational Waves, and Navigation

In-spiraling supermassive black holes should emit gravitational waves, which would produce characteristic distortions in the time of arrival residuals from millisecond pulsars. Multiple national and regional consortia have constructed pulsar timing arrays by precise timing of different sets of millisecond pulsars. An essential aspect of precision timing is the transfer of the times of arrival to a (quasi-)inertial frame, conventionally the solar system barycenter. The barycenter is determined from the knowledge of the planetary masses and orbits, which has been refined over the past 50 years by multiple spacecraft. Within the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), uncertainties on the solar system barycenter are emerging as an important element of the NANOGrav noise budget. We describe what is known about the solar system barycenter, touch upon how uncertainties in it affect gravitational wave studies with pulsar timing arrays, and consider future trends in spacecraft navigation.
Long-term changes in pond permanence, size, and salinity in Prairie Pothole Region wetlands: The role of groundwater-pond interaction

Abstract Study Region Cottonwood Lake area wetlands, North Dakota, U.S.A. Study Focus Fluctuations in pond permanence, size, and salinity are key features of prairie-pothole wetlands that provide a variety of wetland habitats for waterfowl in the northern prairie of North America. Observation of water-level and salinity fluctuations in a semi-permanent wetland pond over a 20-year period, included periods when the wetland occasionally was dry, as well as wetter years when the pond depth and surface extent doubled while volume increased 10 times. New hydrological insights for the study region Compared to all other measured budget components, groundwater flow into the pond often contributed the least water (8–28 percent) but the largest amount (>90 percent) of specific solutes to the water and solute budgets of the pond. In drier years flow from the pond into groundwater represented > 10 percent of water loss, and in 1992 was approximately equal to evapotranspiration loss. Also during the drier years, export of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfate by flow from the pond to groundwater was substantial compared with previous or subsequent years, a process that would have been undetected if groundwater flux had been calculated as a net value. Independent quantification of water and solute gains and losses were essential to understand controls on water-level and salinity fluctuations in the pond in response to variable climate conditions.
HIV Population Dynamics

HIV-1 infection usually starts with the transmission of a single virion that expands and diversifies over time resulting in a chronic infection that eventually leads to the loss of immune function. Treatment with combinations of antiretroviral compounds nearly or completely blocks the infection of new cells by inhibiting the function of viral enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase, allowing the immune system to rebound. Studying HIV-1 population dynamics, such as ongoing replication, diversity, and evolution, provides insight into viral transmission, pathogenesis, persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and strategies for eradication. In this chapter, we will introduce and discuss the dynamics and the genetics of HIV-1 populations in both treated and untreated individuals.
Proximal Risk Factors for ACL Injury: Role of Core Stability

This chapter reviews the role of the core and core stability in preventing ACL injuries. Core stability represents the ability of the core, or the muscles of the abdomen and lower back, to maintain or resume a relative position [or trajectory] of the trunk after a perturbation. Poor trunk control and core stability may place an athlete in a position that results in adverse loading of the knee, leading to injury. Training programs incorporating core-specific exercises have been successful at reducing ACL injury risk, but the extent to which the core-specific exercises influenced the reduction in injury risk is unknown. Reducing trunk angles, medializing the center of mass, and shifting the center of mass anteriorly more over the foot are all associated with reduced knee moments and may lead to reduced ACL injury risk.
Mechanistic Investigations into the Cation Radical Newman–Kwart Rearrangement

Efforts to elucidate the governing factors in the cation radical Newman–Kwart rearrangement are described. Through a combination of spectroscopic and kinetic analyses, it has been shown that the reactive intermediate is a thione cation radical that has significant thiyl radical character. This intermediate undergoes similar chemistry, such as olefin stereomutation, that has been observed for thiyl radicals generated by other means. Moreover, kinetic studies demonstrate that the electronic dependence observed in the system is the result of rate-limiting intramolecular nucleophilic trapping of the thione cation radical. Importantly, the thiyl radical character of the reactive intermediate can be used to rationalize all reaction observations. This mechanistic model is in line with observed rate enhancement at higher dilutions that decreases the formation of an off-cycle intermediate. A thermochemical cycle was devised to predict which substrates will most easily undergo the cation-radical-mediated rearrangement.
Cultivating a Network of Citizen-Scientists to Track Change in the Sonora-Arizona Foodshed

Over the past couple of years, the University of Arizona has launched both a new under­graduate degree program in Food Studies and a Center for Regional Food Studies (CRFS). The mission of the CRFS is “to integrate social, behavioral, and life sciences into interdisciplinary studies and community dialogue regarding change in regional food systems. We involve students and faculty in the design, implementation, and evalua­tion of pilot interventions and participatory community-based research in the Arizona-Sonora borderlands foodshed surrounding Tucson, a UNESCO-designated City of Gastronomy, in a manner that can be replicated, scaled up, and applied to other regions globally.” The CRFS’s annual State of the Tucson Food System (STFS) report seeks to support the efforts of diverse social actors and institutions working across various sectors of the Sonora-Arizona borderlands foodshed by collecting and synthe­sizing the most recent data available to underscore successes, problems, and barriers. The intended use of the report is to help inform policy at various scales and within both informal and formal policy settings. . . .
Development and evaluation of silica-based lectin microcolumns for glycoform analysis of alpha1-acid glycoprotein

Abstract Silica-based lectin microcolumns were developed and optimized for the separation and analysis of glycoform fractions in alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) based on both the degree of branching and level of fucosylation. Concanavalin A (Con A) and Aleuria Aurantia lectin (AAL) were immobilized onto HPLC-grade silica by reductive amination and packed into 2.1 mm i.d. × 5.0 cm microcolumns. Factors examined for these microcolumns include their protein content, binding capacity, binding strength and band-broadening under isocratic conditions (Con A) or step elution conditions (AAL) and in the presence of various flow rates or temperatures. These factors were examined by using experiments based on frontal analysis, zonal elution, peak profiling and peak decay analysis. Up to 200 μg AGP could be loaded onto a Con A microcolumn and provide linear elution conditions, and 100 μg AGP could be applied to an AAL microcolumn. The final conditions for separating retained and non-retained AGP glycoform fractions on a Con A microcolumn used a flow rate of 50 μL min−1 and a temperature of 50 °C, which gave a separation of these fractions within 20 min or less. The final conditions for an AAL microcolumn included a flow rate of 0.75 mL min−1, a temperature of 50 °C, and the use of 2.0 mM l -fucose as a competing agent for elution, giving a separation of non-retained and retained AGP glycoforms in 6 min or less. The inter-day precisions were ±0.7–4.0% or less for the retention times of the AGP glycoforms and ±2.2–3.0% or less for their peak areas.
‘L’âme générale d’une assemblée’: A neglected parliamentarian and the restoration theory of representation

ABSTRACTThe Restoration remains an underserved era in the historiography of French political thought, particularly in scholarship focused on liberalism and representation. This article begins to re...
Comparison of Ronstar formulations for efficacy and phytotoxicity in container grown landscape plants.

Three formulations of Ronstar [oxadiazon-2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-2-1 ,3,4-oxadiazolin-5 one], were evaluated for control of 3 weed species and injury to 3 woody landscape p...
Imagining the Temple in Rabbinic Stone: The Evolution of the ʾEven Shetiyah

The mythical ʾeven shetiyah, often translated as the “foundation stone,” marks the physical place where the Jerusalem temples once stood in the rabbinic imagination. In its earliest incarnation it identified the place where the ark of the covenant resided in Solomon's Temple. Over the centuries it absorbed cosmogonic and eventually eschatological meaning. In later post-talmudic rabbinic literature, it adopted another mythic trope—the seal on the tehom. I argue that these two separate narrative strands of a seal on the tehomunder the Temple and ʾeven shetiyahin the Temple became intertwined, but only in late (post-talmudic) rabbinic midrash. I trace this evolutionary trend and argue that while the early rabbis both innovated and reinvigorated older biblical and ancient Near Eastern cosmogonic motifs with their ʾeven shetiyah, the later rabbinic texts were influenced by Christian and Muslim competition for spiritual and earthly Jerusalem. The stone that started as a means for rabbinic self-authorization became a reassertion of God's control of history and protection of Israel and the world, but in the process displaced priestly authority.
Nearest Neighbor Subsequence Search in Time Series Data

Continuous growth in sensor data and other temporal sequence data necessitates efficient retrieval and similarity search support on these big time series datasets. However, finding exact similarity results, especially at the granularity of subsequences, is known to be prohibitively costly for large data sets. In this paper, we thus propose an efficient framework for solving this exact subsequence similarity match problem, called TINN (TIme series Nearest Neighbor search). Exploiting the range interval diversity properties of time series datasets, TINN captures similarity at two levels of abstraction, namely, relationships among subsequences within each long time series and relationships across distinct time series in the data set. These relationships are compactly organized in an augmented relationship graph model, with the former relationships encoded in similarity vectors at TINN nodes and the later captured by augmented edge types in the TINN Graph. Query processing strategy deploy novel pruning techniques on the TINN Graph, including node skipping, vertical and horizontal pruning, to significantly reduce the number of time series as well as subsequences to be explored. Comprehensive experiments on synthetic and real world time series data demonstrate that our TINN model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches while still guaranteeing to retrieve exact matches.
“Glocalization” of Health Information: Considering Design Factors for Mobile Technologies in Malaysia:

Mobile phones offer promising solutions to basic health-care provisions for developing countries like Malaysia. However, for such technologies to be useful for health and medical intervention, info...
Preoperative Exposure to Low-Calorie Sweeteners and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes.

Low-calorie (LCSs) may be negatively associated with weight and metabolic health. We hypothesized that LCS exposure may hinder the effectiveness of bariatric procedures. The aim of this study was to examine the association between preoperative LCS use and weight loss/comorbidity remission following sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. We performed a retrospective chart review of 653 patients who underwent one of the two bariatric procedures and provided preoperative diet information. Patients who selected LCS as one of their most commonly consumed sweeteners and/or included “diet” drinks or sugar-free foods in their 24-h diet recall were categorized as “LCS users.” We used multiple logistic regression models to address the study objectives. Of 653 patients, 470 (72.0%) regularly consumed LCSs. LCS users were more likely to be older, have lower preoperative BMI, diabetic, using insulin, and have hyperlipidemia than non-LCS users. LCS consumption was not associated with the odds of achieving BMI < 35 kg/m2 nor the odds of achieving TBWL ≥ 20% in the adjusted models. While 39.6% of diabetic LCS users did not show remission, only 22.7% of diabetic non-LCS users did so at their last follow-up (p = 0.04). However, this association was attenuated when adjusted for insulin dependency. There is no clear harm or benefit of preoperative consumption of LCS on weight loss or comorbidity remission after bariatric procedures. Further study is needed to more accurately assess the effect of LCSs on bariatric surgery outcomes.
Comparison of Cost and Efficacy of Trufill® vs Histoacryl® n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate for Translumbar Type 2 Endoleak Embolization.

Purpose:The study aimed to compare the cost and efficacy of translumbar approach type 2 endoleak repairs using either Trufill® or Histoacryl® n-BCA liquid embolic.Method and Materials:This was a re...
The Affordable Care Act in Rural California: A Report on Barriers to Health Care Access and Enrollment in Path2Health, with Proposed Solutions

Students in the UC Davis Graduate Student Practicum in Rural Community Advocacy partnered with Legal Services of Northern California (LSNC) to work with the residents of nonmetro Plumas County, California, to study the community’s access to health services, with a particular focus on the rollout of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and enrollment in Path2Health, its California precursor to the ACA. Groups of law students and community development graduate students twice travelled to Plumas County to conduct interviews with residents. These interviews revealed a community that seeks to understand the health care options and opportunities available to them, including the ACA. This report was prepared specifically for LSNC Health in order to inform the organization’s work related to ACA education and implementation in Plumas County, as well as elsewhere in rural California. Following is an overview of recurring trends from our investigation. Next are two concept maps showing the relationships among various barriers to health care. Third, we discuss promising programs in place in Plumas County and our recommendations for reaching target populations regarding the ACA. We close with a detailed contact list.
Perturbation Training for Fall-Risk Reduction in Healthy Older Adults: Interference and Generalization to Opposing Novel Perturbations Post Intervention.

This study examined the effects of perturbation training on the contextual interference and generalization of encountering a novel opposing perturbation. One hundred and sixty-nine community-dwelling healthy older adults (69.6 ± 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: slip-perturbation training (St, n = 67) group received 24 slips, trip-perturbation training (Tt, n = 67) group received 24 trips, and control (Ctrl: n = 31) group received only non-perturbed walking trials (ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03199729","term_id":"NCT03199729"}}NCT03199729; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03199729","term_id":"NCT03199729"}}NCT03199729). After training, all groups had 30 min of rest and three post-training non-perturbed walking trials, followed by a reslip and a novel trip trial for St, a retrip and a novel slip trial for Tt, and randomized novel slip and trip trials for Ctrl. The margin of stability (MOS), step length, and toe clearance of post-training walking trials were compared among three groups to examine interferences in proactive adjustment. Falls, MOS at the instant of recovery foot touchdown, and hip height of post-training perturbation trials were investigated to detect interferences and generalization in reactive responses. Results indicated that prior adaptation to slip perturbation training, resulting in walking with a greater MOS (more anterior) and a shorter step length (p 0.05). Current findings suggested that, although perturbation training results in proactive adjustments that could worsen the reactive response (interference) when exposed to an unexpected opposing perturbation, older adults demonstrated the ability to immediately generalize the training-induced adaptive reactive control to maintain MOS, to preserve limb support control, and to reduce fall risk.
Association knowledge for fatal run-off-road crashes by Multiple Correspondence Analysis

Abstract In 2013, 346 out of 616 fatal crashes in Louisiana were single vehicle crashes with Run-Off-Road (ROR) crashes being the most common type of single vehicle crash. In order to create effective countermeasures for reducing the number of fatal single vehicle ROR crashes, it is important to identify any associated key factors that can quantitatively assess the performance of roads, vehicles and humans. This research uses Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), a multidimensional descriptive data analysis method that associates a combination of factors based on their relative distance in a two dimensional plane, to analyze eight years (2004–2011) of fatal ROR crashes in Louisiana. This method measures important contributing factors and their degree of association. The results revealed that drivers of lightweight trucks, drivers on undivided state highways, male drivers in passenger-vehicles at dawn, older female (65–74) drivers in non-passenger vehicles, older drivers facing hardship to yield in partial access control zones, and drivers with poor reaction time due to impaired driving were closely associated with fatal ROR crashes. Results of the MCA method can help researchers select the most effective crash countermeasures. Further work on the degree of association between the identified crash contributing factors can help safety management systems develop the most efficient crash reduction strategies.
Chapter 2 Molecular motions and membrane organization and function

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the motions of membrane molecules over time scales of 10 -12 s to a few seconds and over distance scales from 10 -9 to 10 -4 cm. The smaller-scale motions are the most readily understood. Flexing of acyl chains, local disorder of membrane lipids, allows the conformational changes in membrane proteins required for their functioning. Motions on this scale are probed directly in magnetic resonance experiments and indirectly when enzyme or receptor activity is changed by changes in membrane lipid composition and apparent viscosity. Membrane lipid viscosity appears to affect movements of membrane proteins on distance scales from 10 nm (a few molecular diameters) to 1000 nm or so. Rotational diffusion of membrane proteins is in fair agreement with expectations from the size of the proteins and the local viscosity of membrane lipids. In contrast, diffusion of membrane proteins laterally over long distances is often much slower than anticipated from lipid viscosity.
An innovative partnership to address breast cancer screening among vulnerable populations.

Context : Breast cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy among U.S. women. Vulnerable populations such as low-income women, racial/ethnic minorities, and the uninsured have lower rates of screening mammography use and bear a disproportionate burden of disease. Objectives : The Breast Cancer Education Project (BCEP) was created to address the needs of medically underserved women in Cook County through high-quality breast cancer screening, education and support. The BCEP also provides a service-learning opportunity in which medical students can provide a valuable health service while obtaining important skills that enable them to work more effectively within medically underserved communities. Conclusion : The BCEP is an innovative collaboration between academic medical centers, safety-net health systems, community based organizations and public health organizations. It represents a model for addressing issues of disparate access to breast cancer screening within vulnerable communities that contribute to higher breast cancer mortality.