cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficiently exploiting memory level parallelism on asymmetric coupled cores in the dark silicon era

Extracting high memory-level parallelism (MLP) is essential for speeding up single-threaded applications which are memory bound. At the same time, the projected amount of dark silicon (the fraction of the chip powered off) on a chip is growing. Hence, Asymmetric Multicore Processors (AMP) offer a unique opportunity to integrate many types of cores, each powered at different times, in order to optimize for different regions of execution. In this work, we quantify the potential for exploiting core customization to speedup programs during regions of high MLP. Based on a careful design space exploration, we discover that an AMP that includes a narrow and fast specialized core has the potential to efficiently exploit MLP.Using the results of our analysis, we design an AMP with both an MLP and ILP specialized core, and we propose a hardware-level, application steering mechanism called Symbiotic Core Execution (SCE). SCE detects MLP phases by monitoring the L2 miss rate of the application, and it uses that information to steer the application to the best core. Interestingly, we show that L2 miss rates are important for deciding when an MLP region begins and when it ends. As a program runs, its execution migrates to a core customized for MLP during regions of high MLP; when the region ends, it is re-scheduled on the core that fits the application characteristics.Compared to a monolithic core optimized for both modes of operation, our AMP design provides a harmonic mean performance improvement of 5.3p and 6.6p for SPEC2000 and SPEC2006, respectively, with a maximum speedup of 14.5p. For the same study, it achieves a 18.3p and 21.1p energy delay2 reduction for SPEC2000 and SPEC2006, respectively. Our findings yield an important message for designing AMPs with specialized cores: core customization enables efficient exploitation of MLP, and application steering mechanisms for MLP are simple to implement and effective.
A beta-related corynebacteriophage which lacks a tox allele but can acquire it by recombination with converting phage.

Abstract Corynebacteriophage 782, a phage highly related to the beta family of corynebacteriophages but lacking a tox allele, was isolated from a nontoxinogenic clinical isolate of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Phage 782 exhibits beta immunity but has a wider host range than beta, forming plaques on strains of C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis as well as on C. diphtheriae. Phage 782 and beta differed in their DNA mass and in their restriction endonuclease digest patterns, but were similar in possessing cos (cohesive) and attP (phage attachment) sites. Moreover, all the BamHI fragments of 782 and beta except one hybridized with a DNA probe of the other. The exception in both cases was the attP-containing fragment, which in beta also carries the tox gene. Recombinants between phage 782 and pi phage, a tox+ beta-related phage, were isolated which contained ca. 70% of phage 782 DNA but carried the attP-tox-bearing fragment of pi and were thus now converting phages. The recombinants had lost the wide-host-range phenotype of 782 and had the narrower host range of pi. The significance of the tox-less, beta-related phages to the natural history of diphtheria is discussed.
Modeling Multiple Sources of Heterogeneity in Multinomial Logit Models: Methodological and Managerial Issues

We offer a framework to specify and estimate various sources of heterogeneity in multinomial logit brand choice models. We let each brand-specific intercept and each parameter of the explanatory variable vector vary randomly across households. In addition, we distinguish loyal households from the rest. Our results suggest that incorporating multiple sources of heterogeneity improves the model fit and suggests higher impact of marketing mix elements on brand choice. We highlight the importance of incorporating multiple sources of heterogeneity. The model we implement yields valuable managerial insights.
Perceptions of Nonprofit Funding Decisions: A Survey of Local Public Administrators and Executive Directors of Community-Based Housing Organizations (CBHOs)

This article compares how local public administrators and executive directors of community-based housing organizations (CBHO) perceive nonprofit funding decisions. The article’s findings suggest that both groups shared perceptions about the scope of affordable housing and factors influencing its funding. Yet, important differences existed. Public administrators were ambivalent about nonprofit capacity and affordable housing outcomes. They also underestimated the importance of networks, partnerships, and minority leadership. Professionals in the nonprofit sector underestimated fair housing concerns and overestimated the importance of promoting homeownership. These insights improve our understanding of the connection between funding patterns, public-nonprofit sector relations, local governance, and administrative structures.
The effect of hypophysectomy and of TSH on the mouse submaxillary iodide pump.

The I131 that is concentrated by the submaxillary glands of mice injected with radioiodide remains in the form of inorganic iodide, as revealed by paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The iodine concentrating capacity of submaxillary gland tissue in three strains of mice was determined by measuring the ratio, I131 concentration in submaxillary radioiodide concentration in plasma (S/P ratio), at various intervals after I131 injection. S/P ratios ranged from values of 4 to 7 for C3H and Webster-Swiss mice to values of more than 30 for Cal A mice. In the former groups the maximum ratio was reached in about one hour, in the latter, after 4 hours. Hypophysectomy and TSH injections did not induce any significant change in S/P ratios although, in the same mice, thyroid I131 uptakes or T/S ratios were markedly affected. It is concluded that the submaxillary iodide pump, unlike the thyroid iodide pump, is not directly affected by the presence or absence of TSH. These observations are discussed in relati...
An integrated finite element-based simulation framework: From hole piercing to hole expansion

An integrated finite element-based modeling framework is developed to predict the hole expansion ratio (HER) of AA6111-T4 sheet by considering the piercing-induced damages around the hole edge. Using damage models and parameters calibrated from previously reported tensile stretchability studies, the predicted HER correlates well with experimentally measured HER values for different hole piercing clearances. The hole piercing model shows burrs are not generated on the sheared surface for clearances less than 20%, which corresponds well with the experimental data on pierced holes cross-sections. Finite-element-calculated HER also is not especially sensitive to piercing clearances less than this value. However, as clearances increase to 30% and further to 40%, the HER values are predicted to be considerably smaller, also consistent with experimental measurements. Upon validation, the integrated modeling framework is used to examine the effects of different hole piercing and hole expansion conditions on the critical HERs for AA6111-T4.
Phase I trial of escalating doses of weekly everolimus (RAD001) in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC)

1066 Background: Inhibition of mTOR with everolimus (E) may improve efficacy in combination with docetaxel (D), but both drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4, thus a pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction may also exist. Methods: 15 patients (pts) with MBC were treated with docetaxel and everolimus using the continuous reassessment method (CRM) to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Docetaxel doses were 40–75 mg/m2 IV on day 1 of a 21 day cycle. Everolimus doses were 20–50 mg PO on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle (except cycle 2, where only day 8 was given to allow single agent PK analyses of both drugs). Response was measured every 2 cycles using RECIST. Results: Median age= 58 years and 77% of pts had >2 prior chemotherapies for MBC. Initially 2 of 2 pts treated (D= 75 mg/m2, E= 30 mg) developed DLT (neutropenic fever/infection), prompting a mandatory PK evaluation for all pts enrolled in subsequent cohorts. A second cohort of 3 patients (D=60 mg/m2, E=20mg) had no DLT, but no pts received day 8 of E due to gra...
Acute Effects with the Leg Exerciser System: The Physiological Process

During normal, voluntary activity, strength and endurance are trained by two different mechanisms. For example, progressive resistance exercise is used to train for muscular strength (Muller, 1932). This type of exercise involves lifting weights at a very slow rate up and down. The rate is one important variable, while the second is the amount of weight that is lifted. To optimize this type of training, the weight must be approximately 50% of the person’s maximum voluntary strength. When this weight can be handled, strength builds quite rapidly. This type of training is used to cause muscular hypertrophy and to increase the strength of muscle for weight lifters. It does not, however, train for muscle endurance.
Preserving the Moral Compass: House of Worship Speech Protection Act Is Defeated

Religion's right to influence American public policy is currently protected at all levels. In Walz v. Tax Commission (1970), the Supreme Court proclaimed, "Adherence of particular faiths and individual churches frequently take strong positions on public issues, including, as this case reveals in several briefs amici, vigorous advocacy of legal and constitutional issues. Of course, churches as much as secular bodies and private citizens have that right."1 We must conclude that all Amer icans, whether religious or not, have a right to participate in the politi cal process and through the body politic, and as such, they will contribute a vast spectrum of ideas, beliefs, ethics, morals, and stan dards that serve to enrich the dialogue on various issues of government policy and legislation. Consequently, while separation of church and state is vital to the American way of life, it is understandable that some degree of overlap and interaction remains inevitable. The "Houses of Worship Political Speech Protection Act," intro duced by Representative Walter Jones (hereafter "Jones Bill"), was voted down by the House of Representatives on 2 October 2002. The defeated legislation would have amended the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 501(c)(3), lifting the current ban on political campaign ing by tax-exempt churches (hereafter "church electioneering").2 In a 239-178 vote, forty-six Republicans and an Independent joined with one hundred and ninety-two Democrats to oppose the measure, while one hundred and sixty-eight Republicans and ten Democrats voted for the bill. The vote elicited passionate arguments and strong feelings from every corner, inside and outside the halls of Congress. The issue is far from over, however, since Jones and many of his supporters made it clear that they would re-introduce a similar measure in the near fu
Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

In a retrospective study of the effect of treatment in biopsy-proved idiopathic membranous nephropathy, 91 adults and 12 children were followed for periods up to 29 years after clinical onset (mean, 6.5 years). Forty-four were treated with corticosteroids, 15 with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants; 44 had no treatment and served as a control group. Clinical cure and improvement were significantly greater in the treated than in the nontreated group (P less than 0.01). The recurrence rate, occurrence of renal failure and probability of death were significantly greater in the nontreated group, although some of these patients eventually showed improvement. Prognosis was better in patients who responded to therapy. These data strongly suggest that steroid therapy is beneficial in patients with membranous nephropathy.
Quality of Fruit of Lytic Protein Transgenic Apple Lines with Enhanced Resistance to Fire Blight

Good crops of fruit were obtained on lytic protein-transgenic Royal Gala and Galaxy apple trees in 2000 and 2001. The transgenic trees included Royal Gala lines transgenic for attacin, avian lysozyme, and SB37 cecropin, and Galaxy fruit transgenic for attacin. In order to prevent transgenic pollen pollinating bearing trees near the field trial, large netting structures, each covering 2 rows of flowering transgenic trees, were erected. Flowers were manually pollinated with Idared pollen under the netting, and excellent fruit set was obtained. Two weeks after all flowers had undergone petal fall, the netting was removed and fruit developed normally. Fruit were manually thinned, where necessary, to a maximum crop load based on trunk cross sectional area. However, because of light flowering on some trees, crop loads were not completely uniform. Fruits were harvested from transgenic and nontransgenic Royal Gala and Galaxy trees in the second week of September each year, and placed in cold storage. All transgenic and non-transgenic fruit were graded for weight and color on an automatic grading line, and later pressure tested for firmness without skin, and assayed for soluble solids and titratable acidity. Lines with a degree of increased resistance to fire blight had color and size data that fell within the range of the non-transgenic Royal Gala and Galaxy controls. The data indicate the need for a more intensive trial of the most resistant lines.
Stromal Cell-Derived Growth Factor-1 Alpha-Elastin Like Peptide Fusion Protein Promotes Cell Migration and Revascularization of Experimental Wounds in Diabetic Mice.

Objective: In previous work, we demonstrated the development of a novel fusion protein containing stromal cell-derived growth factor-1 alpha juxtaposed to an elastin-like peptide (SDF1-ELP), which has similar bioactivity, but is more stable in elastase than SDF1. Herein, we compare the ability of a single topical application of SDF1-ELP to that of SDF1 in healing 1 × 1 cm excisional wounds in diabetic mice. Approach: Human Leukemia-60 cells were used to demonstrate the chemotactic potential of SDF1-ELP versus SDF1 in vitro. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were used to demonstrate the angiogenic potential of SDF1-ELP versus SDF1 in vitro. The bioactivity of SDF1-ELP versus SDF1 after incubation in ex-vivo diabetic wound fluid was compared. The in-vivo effectiveness of SDF1-ELP versus SDF1 was compared in diabetic mice wound model by monitoring for the number of CD31+ cells in harvested wound tissues. Results: SDF1-ELP promotes the migration of cells and induces vascularization similar to SDF1 in...
Posting, Sharing, Networking, and Connecting: Use of Social Media Content by Graduate Students

The purpose of the present investigation was to better understand graduate students’ use of the content shared in the social media channels of their programs and the perceived impact that their participation in these social media spaces has on the graduate students’ transformation as professionals. Seventy-seven instructional design and technology (ID&T) graduate students completed an electronic questionnaire. The results revealed that although graduate students use social media for personal purposes, they are not always followers or members of the social media spaces of their ID&T program. However, those who follow the social media of their ID&T program found tremendous benefits from the experience. These benefits range from feelings of belonging to a community of ID&T professionals, to career opportunities for networking, and cross country interactions.
Scholarly concentration programs and medical student research productivity: a systematic review.

Introduction Scholarly concentration programs have become a common method to promote student inquiry and independent research in medical schools. Given the high resource requirements of scholarly concentration program implementation, it is important to examine program efficacy. This systematic review examined the impact of scholarly concentration programs on student research productivity.
Utilizing Project-Based Learning to Increase Sustainability Attitudes among Students.

Sustainability-related learning objectives in university curricula are becoming increasingly popular. While knowledge gain is usually a prevalent metric of success, this study assessed whether a pr...
Auxological Epidemiology and the Determination of the Effects of Noise on Health

Many scientists recognize that the pattern of human physical growth and development constitutes a sensitive response to environmental conditions (Colucci et al., 1973; Johnston and Schell, 1979; Tanner, 1978). Humanists may approach the phenomena of growth and development differently, emphasizing how widespread among the world’s societies and cultures is the high value placed on the health of children. The scientific and humanistic approaches may be unified when physical growth and development is taken as a primary measure of community health and of the quality of the environment for human habitation. This use of auxological data and research may be called a type of auxological epidemiology.
Discrete Fourier Transforms

In Section 2.3 of Chapter 2, the notion of an integral transform was introduced in a general way. The emphasis there was on the use of such transforms, like the Laplace and Fourier transforms, in reducing differential operators to algebraic operators, hence the “operational calculus” method of solving differential equations. A special case in which the transform variable λ takes on only certain discrete values was then considered. This leads to the idea of a finite transform and the associated orthogonal expansion of a function. In Section 2.4 we took one final step, by considering the situation in which both the transform variable λ and the original independent variable are restricted to discrete sets of values. This leads to the idea of discrete transform,where, again we had our emphasis and illustrations in Section 2.4 on the use of the discrete Fourier transforms in reducing difference operators to algebraic operators, hence the “operational sum calculus” method of solving difference equations. The latter concept represents an added feature of this book.
Vaporization enthalpy and vapor pressure of (−) Ambroxide and Galaxolide by correlation gas chromatography

Abstract The vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies of dibenzofuran, (−) Ambroxide™ and Galaxolide™ are evaluated by correlation gas chromatography. (−) Ambroxide™ and Galaxolide™ are important commercial products, the latter of which has been the subject of some controversy regarding its impact on the environment. All are cyclic ethers. Dibenzofuran, with established literature values was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of using hydrocarbons to evaluate both vaporization enthalpies and liquid vapor pressures of simple ethers. Vaporization enthalpy results on dibenzofuran are consistent with the literature value. Current results suggest that hydrocarbons can also be employed to successfully evaluate both liquid vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies at ambient temperatures for substances for this class of compounds if suitable standards are unavailable.
Is There a Resurgence of Vaccine Preventable Diseases in the U.S.

Immunizations are a safe and effective means of promoting health and preventing disease. Vaccine programs prevent millions of cases of disease and save thousands of lives in the U.S. each year; however, the threat of vaccine-preventable diseases remains. Recent years have seen a resurgence in certain vaccine-preventable diseases which can be attributed to vaccine refusals, under-vaccination, waning immunity, less effective immunizations, and imported cases. Nurses must stay informed about the current state of vaccine compliance and disease resurgence in order to best educate families. Understanding why families refuse or delay vaccinations provides a basis for nurses to plan educational interventions designed to best meet the needs of each family.
Achievement of Donor Management Goals and Primary Graft Dysfunction after Heart Transplant

Purpose Achievement of donor management goals (DMG), predefined critical care endpoints utilized to optimize donors prior to transplant, have been associated with increased organ utilization and decreased incidence of graft dysfunction following kidney transplant . Specifically, acceptable donor urine output and serum sodium have been associated with reduced incidence of renal graft dysfunction . This may reflect more optimal underlying donor health or improved critical care management. Association of DMG and outcomes following HT, including primary graft dysfunction (PGD), have not been previously described. Methods A cohort of HT recipients at our institution between 2012 to 2017 (n=645) was linked to their respective donors that were present in the UNOS DMG Registry (n=572). PGD was defined according to ISHLT criteria. DMG Registry variables with less than 15% missing values were subject to univariate logistic regression with PGD as the response variable (143 variables). Statistically significant variables were then subject to multivariable logistic regression. Results Moderate-severe PGD occurred in 46 (8%) HT recipients. Achievement of an increasing number of DMG was not associated with a decreased risk of PGD (p = 0.28). However, meeting the urine output DMG at authorization was associated with a decreased risk of PGD (OR 0.47, p=0.023). This remained significant after controlling for other donor and recipient factors (TABLE). Conclusion Achievement of the urine output DMG was associated with a decreased risk of PGD after HT. A proposed mechanism may be improved renal perfusion reflecting optimal cardiac output. Although achieving DMG appears to represent more healthy donors, further research is needed to understand physiologic mechanisms of decreased donor urine output and PGD.
Teaching self-instruction utilizing multiple exemplars to produce generalized problem-solving among individuals with severe mental retardation.

Four residents of a group home who had severe mental retardation were taught to use self-instruction in combination with multiple exemplars to solve task-related problems. The combined strategy was associated with generalization to untrained problems as well as response maintenance of the problem-solving strategy (i.e., responding to multiple exemplars and self-instructing). The use of the strategy was discussed in terms of instructional strategies for teaching self-instruction and areas for future research, including isolatting the factors responsible for generalization and identifying the role of language in promotting generalized responding
Relationship between pulmonary artery acceleration time and pulmonary artery pressures in infants.

Background Pulmonary artery acceleration time measured by echocardiography inversely correlates with pulmonary artery pressures in adults and children older than 1 year of age. There is a paucity of data investigating this relationship in young children, particularly among preterm infants. Objective To characterize the relationship between pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) and pulmonary artery pressures in infants. Design/methods Patients ≤ 1 year of age at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed. Infants with congenital heart disease were excluded, except those with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), or ventricular septal defect (VSD). Linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between PAAT measured by echocardiography and systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and indexed pulmonary vascular resistance from cardiac catheterization. Results Fifty-seven infants were included, of which 61% were preterm and 49% had a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The median postmenstrual age and weight at catheterization were 51.1 weeks (IQR 35.8-67.9 weeks) and 4400 g (IQR 3100-6500 g), respectively. Forty-four infants (77%) had a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). There was a weak inverse correlation between PAAT with mPAP (r = -0.35, P = 0.01), sPAP (r = -0.29, P = 0.03), and PVRi (r = -0.29, P = 0.03). Conclusion There is a weak inverse relationship between PAAT and pulmonary artery pressures. This relationship is less robust in our population of infants with a high incidence of PDAs compared to previous studies in older children. Thus, PAAT may be less clinically meaningful for diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension in infants, particularly those with PDAs.
Benefit of Cisplatin With Definitive Radiotherapy in Older Women With Cervical Cancer.

Background Cisplatin with definitive radiotherapy (RT) is considered the standard of care for cervical cancer; however, older women are frequently undertreated and have worse outcomes compared with younger patients. Because women aged ≥65 years have been disproportionately underrepresented in clinical trials, uncertainties exist regarding how much they benefit from the addition of cisplatin to RT. Patients and methods Women aged ≥65 years with nonmetastatic cervical cancer treated with definitive external-beam RT and brachytherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare database. Death attributable to cervical cancer (cancer-specific mortality [CSM]) was evaluated against competing risks of death using Gray's test. Propensity score analysis and the Fine-Gray multivariable regression model were used to adjust for baseline differences, including comorbidity. Results The total cohort comprised 826 patients, of whom 531 (64%) received cisplatin, 233 (28%) were FIGO stage I, 374 (45%) were stage II, and 219 (27%) were stage III-IVA. Older age and chronic kidney disease significantly predicted omission of cisplatin. Virtually all cisplatin dosing was weekly, with a median of 5 cycles. Death from cervical cancer was significantly lower with cisplatin than without (5-year CSM, 31% vs 39%; P=.02; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; P=.02), which persisted in propensity score analysis. Receiving ≥5 cycles was required for benefit, as no difference in CSM was seen in patients receiving 1 to 4 cycles versus no cisplatin. Subgroup analyses revealed that the benefit of cisplatin persisted in women aged ≥75 years and those with early-stage disease. Incidence of cytopenia, nausea/vomiting, and hypovolemia increased in patients treated with cisplatin. Conclusions Administration of cisplatin with definitive RT in women aged ≥65 years was associated with a significant benefit in the incidence of death attributable to cervical cancer, despite competing risks for mortality in an older population. Receiving at least 5 cycles of weekly cisplatin was required for benefit.
50+ years of eukaryotic transcription: an expanding universe of factors and mechanisms

The landmark 1969 discovery of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II and III in diverse eukaryotes represented a major turning point in the field that, with subsequent elucidation of the distinct structures and functions of these enzymes, catalyzed an avalanche of further studies. In this Review, written from a personal and historical perspective, I highlight foundational biochemical studies that led to the discovery of an expanding universe of the components of the transcriptional and regulatory machineries, and a parallel complexity in gene-specific mechanisms that continue to be explored to the present day.
The influence of variable progradation to aggradation ratio and facies partitioning on the development of syndepositional deformation in steep-walled carbonate platforms

Abstract One of the remaining questions in carbonate geology and reservoir studies is the origin of steep-walled carbonate platform margins and the role of gravity versus other structural processes in controlling the distribution of fracture networks and failure surfaces. This study is an attempt to document the role of gravity, interacting with stratigraphic architecture in controlling fracture patterns and margin collapse. We employ finite-discrete element models to illustrate that progradation/aggradation (P/A) ratio and facies tract partitioning in steep-walled carbonate platforms affects the development, distribution, and intensity of syndepositional deformation. All models are under the influence of only gravitational loading, where pore pressure is held constant. We utilize a modified Mohr-Coulomb constitutive law with a Rankine Rotating crack tensile corner to capture both tensile and shear brittle failure. Our results illustrate that P/A ratio affects the distribution and intensity of discrete fractures that form in steep-walled carbonate platforms. Our results suggest that deformation is more extensive in a progradational carbonate platform, where shelf edge angles are greatest and the clinoform is thickest. Alternatively, aggradational carbonate platforms experience localized deformation in front of the antecedent shelf edge where the clinoform is thickest and steepest. The introduction of mechanical heterogeneity associated with facies tract partitioning affects the intensity of fracturing in both progradational and aggradational models, with the greatest number of fractures developing in reef facies in both scenarios. Development of brittle deformation under the sole application of gravity and lack of seaward lithostatic confinement is consistent with the syndepositional nature of deformation in these settings. This work illustrates the interplay between carbonate platform geometry, facies distribution, and the resulting syndepositional deformation.
Exploitation of Hi-C sequencing for improvement of genome assembly and in-vitro validation of differentially expressing genes in Jatropha curcas L.

Jatropha curcas is one of the major sources of renewable energy due to potential use of its oil as a biofuel. The genome of this crop is constituted by the high content of repetitive elements. We employed the Hi-C proximity ligation technique to re-scaffold our existing hybrid genome assembly of an elite genotype (RJC1) developed using Illumina and Pacbio technologies. We assembled 99.81% of non-truncated reads to achieve 266.80 Mbp of the genome with an N50 value of 1.58 Mb. Furthermore, we compared the efficiency of Hi-C-augmented genome assembly with the hybrid genome assembly and observed a ~ 50% reduction in scaffolds and a tenfold increase in the N50 value. The gene ontology analysis revealed the identification of terms for molecular function (45.52%), cellular component (33.47%), and biological function (20.99%). Comparative genomic analysis of 13-plant species showed the conservation of 414 lipid metabolizing genes identified in the KEGG pathway analysis. Differential gene expression (DGE) studies were conducted in the healthy and Jatropha mosaic virus-infected leaves via RNA-seq analysis and observed gene expression changes for 2185 genes. Out of these, we observed 546 genes having more than two-fold change of transcript level and among these 259 genes were down-regulated and 287 genes were up-regulated. To validate RNA-seq data, two DEGs were selected for gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR and the data was in correlation with in silico results. RNA-seq analysis further shows the identification of some of the candidate genes and may be useful to develop JMV resistant plants after functional validation. This Hi-C genome assembly provides a detailed accurate reference genome which could be utilized to improve Jatropha and other economically important Euphorbiaceae family members.
The Role of Cognitive Appraisal in Quality of Life Over Time in Patients With Cancer.

OBJECTIVES To better understand how personal factors, contextual factors, and cognitive appraisals predict quality of life. SAMPLE A SETTING 81 patients with a new diagnosis of cancer were recruited from two oncologists' offices in the midwestern United States. METHODS A VARIABLES A longitudinal design was used to collect data at three time points. RESULTS Individuals identified a variety of primary appraisals at the same time and more consistently identified their cancer as a challenge rather than a harm/loss or a threat. The greatest variation in appraisals and quality of life occurred about six months after diagnosis. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that age and primary and secondary appraisals explained a significant amount of variance in quality of life at all three time points. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Interventions to improve quality of life for individuals newly diagnosed with cancer are needed and may be more helpful if they target cognitive appraisals. Nurses should assess what matters to the individual; it is important to evaluate how each person appraises a cancer diagnosis so providers can support coping and adjustment from diagnosis through individual treatment trajectories.
The speciation of carbon, nitrogen, and water in magma oceans and its effect on volatile partitioning between major reservoirs of the Solar System rocky bodies

Abstract The composition of atmospheres and the resulting potential for planetary habitability in the rocky bodies of our Solar System and beyond is strongly controlled by the volatile exchange between their silicate reservoirs and exospheres. The initial budget and speciation of major volatiles, like carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water (H2O), in the silicate reservoirs and atmospheres was set during the formation stages of rocky bodies. However, the speciation of these major volatiles in reduced silicate melts prevalent during the differentiation stages of rocky bodies and its effect on the partitioning of volatiles between major rocky body reservoirs is poorly known. Here we present SIMS and vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman) data, determining C solubility, H content, and speciation of mixed C-O-N-H volatiles in graphite saturated silicate glasses from high P (1–7 GPa)-T (1500–2200 °C) experiments reported in Grewal et al., 2019a , Grewal et al., 2019b . The experiments recorded oxygen fugacity (log fO2) between IW–4.3 and IW–0.8. C-O-N-H speciation varied systematically as function of fO2 at any given P-T. We find out that C-N−, C O 3 2 - , N2, and OH− are the dominant species in the oxidized range (>IW–1.5), along with some contributions from C-H, N-H, and C-O bearing species. Between IW–3.0 and IW–1.5, C is bonded as C-O either in the form of isolated C-O molecules or Fe-carbonyl complexes, or as C-H in hydrocarbons, or as combination of both in esters, while almost all of the H is bonded with the dominant N species, i.e., NH2− or N H 2 - . At the most reduced conditions ( D N alloy/silicate is unaffected by fH2 under highly reduced conditions ( D C alloy/silicate is affected. Therefore, caution must be taken during the application of experimentally determined D N alloy/silicate and D C alloy/silicate to nominally anhydrous MOs.
The Use of Structural Priming and Focused Recasts to Facilitate the Production of Subject- and Object-Focused Relative Clauses by School-Age Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the use of structural priming combined with a focused recasting procedure to elicit subject- and object-focused, center-embedded relative clauses fr...
Shaped to kill: The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean

Abstract Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary ‘dead-end’ due to the constraints associated with the evolution of morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in separate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what morphological changes are associated with these transitions. To answer these questions, we: (1) measured 29 morphological characters of tentacles from 45 siphonophore species, (2) mapped these data to a phylogenetic tree, and (3) analyzed the evolutionary associations between morphological characters and prey type data from the literature. Instead of a dead-end, we found that siphonophore specialists can evolve into generalists, and that specialists on one prey type have directly evolved into specialists on other prey types. Our results show that siphonophore tentillum morphology has strong evolutionary associations with prey type, and suggest that shifts between prey types are linked to shifts in the morphology, mode of evolution, and genetic correlations of tentilla and their nematocysts. The evolutionary history of siphonophore specialization helps build a broader perspective on predatory niche diversification via morphological innovation and evolution. These findings contribute to understanding how specialization and morphological evolution have shaped present-day food webs. Significance Statement Predatory specialization is often associated with the evolution of modifications in the morphology of the prey capture apparatus. Specialization has been considered an evolutionary ‘dead-end’ due to the constraints associated with these morphological changes. However, in predators like siphonophores, armed with modular structures used exclusively for prey capture, this assumption is challenged. Our results show that siphonophores can evolve generalism and new prey-type specializations by modifying the morphological states, modes of evolution, and genetic correlations between the parts of their prey capture apparatus. These findings demonstrate how studying open-ocean non-bilaterian predators can reveal novel patterns and mechanisms in the evolution of specialization. Understanding these evolutionary processes is fundamental to the study of food-web structure and complexity.
Vision and Action: Two Sides of the Coin for Systemic Change in Educational Systems

Systemic change is far more difficult than piecemeal reforms because it requires far more interrelated and interdependent sets of changes to occur. Systemic change has two potential areas of failure: 1) the change process (action) may never reach full implementation of the new system, and 2) the new system (vision) may not be well designed. This paper describes Reigeluth and Karnopp’s (2020) compilation of a growing body of research-based knowledge about systemic change in education that includes both sides of the coin: 1) the vision, for which they describe 25 principles organized into six core ideas, and 2) the action by which the vision is created and implemented. The action knowledge base includes guidance about values, principles, and both sequential and continuous activities. The sequential activities are different for a school district than for an independent school. We define "independent school" as one that is not part of a district or other organization but may be a public school.
Dried Plasma for Trauma Resuscitation

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that early plasma transfusion reduces mortality in patients with trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Prehospital administration of blood products, including plasma, has been adopted by many helicopter emergency medical services. However, logistical constraints still limit the use of plasma in helicopters and, to a greater degree, ground ambulances. A dried plasma product, with reduced cold-chain requirements and easy preparation, is needed to facilitate administration of plasma in the out-of-hospital environment. Three modern dried plasma products (Bioplasma FDP, FLYP, and LyoPlas N-w) are currently available in some countries, but dried plasma remains unavailable in most countries, including the United States. In addition to lyophilization, extra precautions, such as pathogen reduction, are used to ensure product safety. Additional products are in development. Taken together, clinical experience and preclinical research with dried plasma products suggest that they are safe and effective, and that they can be used interchangeably with FFP for prevention or treatment of trauma induced coagulopathy, with some precautions based on individual product specifications.
A data-driven approach to the impedance matched multi-axis test method

Environmental testing is critical in certifying systems to operate and survive in harsh vibration environments. An example of this would be cargo rockets destined to deliver supplies to a low-earth orbiting space station. Aerodynamic effects would impose a distributed random excitation load onto the cargo rocket. It is imperative that test engineers perform an environmental test to replicate, as best as possible, the anticipated vibration loads on the rocket without subjecting it to the actual operational environment. Traditional in-lab environmental tests have shown to poorly reproduce the true response of a system subjected to distributed excitation loads. In recent literature, the Impedance Matched Multi-Axis Test (IMMAT) was developed to mitigate some of the current limitations of environmental tests through the use of finite element models (FEM) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control. As an extension of IMMAT, the present work investigates the use of a data-driven approach to supplement the creation of a numerical model used to predict optimal excitation locations and forces. The main advantage of this alternative approach to IMMAT removes the need for a FEM of the system being tested. This extends IMMAT to cases where a model of the subject being tested is not readily available and, yet, provides an opportunity for IMMAT to be deployed for certification. Additionally, a data-driven approach has the potential to capture more realistic test parameters, such as hard-to-recreate boundary conditions, material properties, and optimal excitation locations, as it is built directly from test data. There may be cases where this is advantageous, but may require better test designs. A preliminary numerical simulation is implemented to test the effectiveness and practicality of using vector fitted accelerance frequency response functions (FRF) to perform IMMAT.
Outcomes of intact thoracic endovascular aortic repair in octogenarians.

Abstract Background Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a suitable alternative to open aortic surgery especially for older patients with poor general health and functional status. However, data on the benefit of TEVAR in elderly patients are limited. The aim of this study was to use a large national database to compare the outcomes of TEVAR in octogenarians vs nonoctogenarians in the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection. Methods All patients who underwent TEVAR for nonruptured thoracic aneurysms or dissection (zones 1-5) between January 2014 and February 2019 were identified in the Vascular Quality Initiative database. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included cardiac adverse events; neurologic events; respiratory complications; new-onset dialysis; leg compartment syndrome; postoperative hematoma in addition to spinal, bowel, arm, and leg emboli/ischemia; and return to the operating room. Outcomes were compared between octogenarians (age ≥80 years) and nonoctogenarians (age Results A total of 2042 patients were identified, including 390 octogenarians (19.1%). Compared with nonoctogenarians, octogenarians had higher percentages of females (49.5% vs 40.4%; P Conclusions TEVAR is an acceptable treatment option for octogenarians who have aortic arch and descending aortic aneurysms or dissections (zones 1-5). However, in case of aneurysms, they might be at a higher risk of in-hospital complications. Octogenarians also had increased hazard of 1-year mortality; however, the exact cause of this mortality could not be deciphered. Our findings suggest that elderly patients should not be denied TEVAR based on age if they are medically and anatomically fit for this procedure.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ENCROACHMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL LAND IN EGYPT

the farmland encroachment caused great losses to the Egyption Agriculture, The area that has been infringed reached about 102059 Feddans during the period (1983- 2014), The loss in total revenue for Wheat, Cotton and Rice reached about L.E 581, 541, 562 millions by price level in 2013. Furthermore, The loss of the infringed area during the period (Jan. 2011 – Jan 2014) to the same crops reached about L.E 345, 321, 334 millions respectively. The Economic loss of the total infringed area for the Agriculture Rotation Cotton and Clover amounted to about L.E 2353 represents about 0.83% from total Agricultural product in 2013 and 15.07% from the net Agricultural trade balance in the same year. In addition to this the equivalent loss in both Cotton and Rice exports amounted to about L.E 862, 896 millions moderat about $ 115, 120 million Dollars by pricing level in 2013 which represent about 4.36%, 4.53% from the total Agricultural exports value, Moreover, The equivalent loss in Wheat and Faba bean imports amounted to about L.E 926, 743 millions moderat about $124, 99 million dollars in 2013. The social loss has been measured by the unemployment as a result to the labor force due to the total infringed area which mounted to about 13.87 million day/ work for the Agricultural rotation of Cotton and clover which represents about L.E 832 as a farm income, but for the alternative rotation Rice and sugar beet, the loss amomnted to about 13.46 million day/work which represents about L.E 808 million as a farm income. The research reached some recommendations that may contribute to solve this problem, New legislation and monthly accurate reports should be prepared.
Twenty years of NASA-EOS multi-sensor satellite observations at Kīlauea volcano (2000–2019)

Abstract Recent eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawai'i, represent an ideal test location for studying volcanic plumes, due to its remote location and minimal anthropogenic pollution. Within this work we exploit the over 20-year data record from NASA EOS satellites to investigate the degree to which space-borne observations can detect shifts in known eruption dynamics at Kīlauea. Through the combined analysis of remotely sensed plume heights, plume particle microphysical properties, lava flow thermal tracking and high resolution SO2 mapping, we provide interpretations of the satellite signals in a volcanic context and link them to ground-based eruption reports for validation. We establish common patterns of plume dispersion and particle evolution and identify when significant shifts in activity occur. We also determine where ambient conditions influence the output retrieved from the space-borne sensors. By comparing the inferences derived from remote-sensing with the extensive record of suborbital observations at Kīlauea, we assess the strengths and limitations of the satellite-based volcanic assessment techniques. The work presented here highlights the capabilities of these techniques, allowing us to more confidently interpret volcanic activity observed from space globally, particularly in cases where ground observations are limited or entirely lacking.
KLOCs: kernel-level object contexts for heterogeneous memory systems

Heterogeneous memory systems promise better performance, energy-efficiency, and cost trade-offs in emerging systems. But delivering on this promise requires efficient OS mechanisms and policies for data tiering and migration. Unfortunately, modern OSes are lacking inefficient support for data tiering. While this problem is known for application data, the question of how best to manage kernel objects for filesystems and networking---i.e., inodes, dentry caches, journal blocks, socket buffers, etc.---has largely been ignored and presents a performance challenge for I/O-intensive workloads. We quantify the scale of this challenge and introduce a new OS abstraction, kernel-level object contexts (KLOCs), to enable efficient tiering of kernel objects. We use KLOCs to identify and group kernel objects with similar hotness, reuse, and liveness, and demonstrate their use in data placement and migration across several heterogeneous memory system configurations, including Intel’s Optane systems. Performance evaluations using RocksDB, Redis, Cassandra, and Spark show that KLOCs enable up to 2.7× higher system throughput versus prior art.