cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solar wind-magnetosphere interaction as simulated by a 3-D EM particle code: A 3-D reconnection at the magnetopause

Abstract We have studied the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction with a 3-D electromagnetic particle code. The results for an unmagnetized solar wind plasma streaming past a dipole magnetic field show the formation of a magnetopause and a magnetotail, the penetration of energetic particles into cusps and radiation belt and dawn-dusk asymmetries. The effects of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) have been investigated in a similar way as done by MHD simulations. The simulation results with a southward IMF show the shrunk magnetosphere with great particle entry into the cusps and nightside magnetosphere. This is a signature of a magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. On the other hand, in the case where a solar wind with a northward IMF is switched on, the significant changes take place in the magnetotail. The waving motion was seen in the magnetotail and its length was shortened. This phenomena are consistent with the reconnections which occur at the high latitude magnetopause. In our simulations kinetic effects will determine the self-consistent anomalous resistivity in the magnetopause that causes reconnections.
Dynamics of vortex surfaces in three dimensions: theory and simulations

Abstract The dynamics of vortex surfaces in an ideal fluid is considered. The Hamiltonian and the action are constructed and topological conservation laws are discussed. The axially symmetric case is reduced to an effective 2d problem and studied numerically. There is qualitative correspondence with the results of Moore and Krasny for the purely 2d problem. The general case is approximated by means of a triangulated surface and a corresponding computer model is constructed, taking into account the topological conservation laws. The axially symmetric motion of the triangulated surface agrees with the 2d model, but there are some angular instabilities, which may lead to new vortex structures. The large-scale asymmetric 3d simulations with fairly developed instabilities are reported. The results agree with the general scenario of hierarchy of vortex structures.
Periodicity of λ DNA Motions during Field Inversion Electrophoresis in Dilute Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Visualized by High-Speed Video Fluorescence Microscopy

Using high-speed video fluorescence microscopy, we have imaged λ double-stranded (ds) DNA during both direct current (DC) and field inversion electrophoresis in dilute linear hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) using moderately high electric fields without the use of viscosity modifiers. The λ ds-DNA extension−contraction cycle resulting from entanglement with HEC molecules shows more periodicity with field inversion than with DC electric fields. The periodicity of the extension−contraction cycle is modulation depth- and field inversion frequency dependent. The extension−contraction kinetics of λ ds-DNA are similar in alternating and DC electric fields. We assert that modification of DNA−polymer entanglement lifetimes increases DNA motion periodicity during field inversion electrophoresis.
Plasticization and reinforcement in a boron cage compound polyurethane nanocomposite: A dielectric study

Abstract In order to control and modify the physical properties of nanocomposite systems, it is essential to understand the nano-filler/polymer structure–property relationships. Boron cage compounds (BCCs) are a class of icosahedral, closed cage molecules that are of interest due to their high boron content, their inherent neutron absorbing/shielding properties, their potential ability to act as molecular nano-particles and their ability to significantly improve the thermal stability of polymers in which they have been incorporated. When the BCC n -hexylcarborane is blended with a polybutadiene (PBD)/polyurethane (PU) segmented copolymer (EN8) an increase in the glass transition (T g ) temperature of the PBD phase (reinforcement) and a decrease in the T g temperatures of the PU phases (plasticization) are observed. These observations were investigated by examining the dielectric relaxation properties of copolymer samples with and without added n -hexylcarborane (0 wt.% and 5 wt.% n -hexylcarborane) using broadband dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz and temperature range from − 140 to 130 °C. Parametric fitting techniques aided in the identification of two α relaxation processes associated with the glass transitions of the soft PBD phase and the hard urethane phases, and a secondary β relaxation process due to the localized motions of side groups. The conductivities at low frequencies were also identified and modeled. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) did not indicate the presence of a crystalline component within the copolymer samples, so interfacial polarization (Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars) relaxation is not possible. A relaxation map (Arrhenius diagram) associated with these processes has been developed from the experimental data to elucidate the role of n -hexylcarborane in the molecular dynamics of the system. Values of fitting parameters, calculated T g values, and a fragility index are also given for comparison. Reduced localized motion of the soft PBD phase, as well as reinforcement of the hard urethane phases is observed upon the introduction of n -hexylcarborane. The hypothesis that the n -hexylcarborane content preferentially locates within the hard urethane phases is supported by the observed decrease of the fragility index and T g of the urethane phases.
Restoring the professor and the students: a circle process and contemplative practices in a restorative justice seminar

Limited research is published on teaching restorative justice in the criminal justice or justice studies curriculum in higher education. This article contributes to the discourse on restorative justice pedagogy by discussing a restorative justice seminar that is taught in a circle process with contemplative practices. Students learn the process of circles, one of the major processes in restorative justice practice, by modeling the practice with participation and leadership. Contemplative practices enhance the learning of restorative justice with meditation and reflection.
Selective catalytic reduction of NO over vanadia on pillared titanium phosphate

Etude de la reduction catalytique selective de l'oxyde d'azote sur le catalyseur VTAP-12C dans un reacteur tubulaire a ecoulement ascendant, a des temperatures comprises entre 373 et 613 K.
Erythrocyte-associated cortisol: measurement, kinetics of dissociation, and potential physiological significance.

It is well known that a portion of the cortisol in blood is associated with erythrocytes. This study was conducted to determine the quantity of cortisol associated with erythrocytes under physiological conditions and to assess the potential availability of that cortisol for tissue uptake. The erythrocyte-associated cortisol was determined from the volume of plasma measured using [125I]human serum albumin, the concentration of cortisol in plasma, and the total concentration of cortisol in blood. The plasma unbound cortisol fraction was determined by ultrafiltration and was used to calculate a partitioning coefficient that describes the distribution of cortisol between erythrocyteassociated and plasma unbound components. The cortisol partitioning coefficient (erythrocyte-associated cortisol concentration divided by plasma unbound cortisol concentration) did not vary significantly over a wide range of cortisol levels, nor was it affected by the presence or absence of corticosteroid-binding globulin. The cort...
MISSING DATA IN TRYON'S CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Summary.-To explore the effects of different ways of treating missing data on the results of cluster analysis, six cluster analyses were calculated varying the total amount of missing data per participanc and the way in which the missing data were treated. Variations in the amount of missing data (lo%, 25%. and 50%) made little difference in the cluster structure, although there were some inversions of the order in which dimensions appeared. Variations in treatment of missing data (pairwise deletion versus conversions of blanks to zeros) also made little difference, although the appearance of one dimension among only those methods which converted blanks to zeros implies that treating blanks as missing may discard meaningful variance. It frequently happens in social and behavioral research that participants do not yield complete data. Depending on one's purpose, there are several ways of handling the situation: missing data can be estimated by various ways, such as using multiple regression to predict che missing scores from the present scores; using the mean of highly collineat variables; using the mean of the missing variable; and so on. If the intent of the analysis is to discover the structure of the variables, however, ic would seem to subvert one's purpose to estimate missing scores at all. One is left with the alternatives of (a) deleting a participant from the analysis if any of his data are missing, or (b) computing correlation coefficients on existing pairs, deleting only those pairs for which one or the other datum is absent. We have always considered the latter to be a useful way of salvaging incomplete data matrices, but there is little advice regarding how much data should be allowed co be missing aside from Tryon's off-the-cuff remark (personal communication, 1964) that it probably ought not to be more than 10% for any pair of variables. In a recently completed survey on leisure there was, because of loosely interpreted instructions, a large amount of absent data that could be treated as missing or not, depending on the assumptions one chose to make about the responses. The question of the effect on the calculated structure of the variables of different ways of treating the absent data naturally presented itself. We thus took the opportunity to see what, if any, variations in two kinds of assumptions made in the resdts of Tryon's cluscer analysis (Tryon & Bailey, 1970).
Born amplitudes and seagull term in meson-soliton scattering

Abstract The meson-soliton scattering for the ⊘4 theory in 1 + 1 dimensions is calculated. We show that when the seagull term from the equal time commutator is included in addition to the Born amplitudes, the t-matrix from the reduction formula approach is identical to that of the potential scattering with small quantum fluctuations to leading order in weak coupling. The seagull term is equal to the Born term in the potential scattering. This confirms the speculation that the leading order Yukawa coupling is derivable from the classical soliton.
Meetings: With Effective Leadership, They Can Work

Meetings, when properly planned and organized, are important organizational tools. Organizations cannot survive without them.
Influence of plant growth regulators, basal media and carbohydrate levels on the in vitro development of Pinus ponderosa (Dougl. ex Law.) cotyledon explants

Applications of in vitro screening techniques for Pinus ponderosa resistance to Peridermium harknessii could be beneficial in a tree breeding program. Plant growth regulators, basal media formula and carbohydrate levels were examined to determine the various effects each would have on excised cotyledon growth and development. Proliferating green callus was initiated from cotyledon explants on SH basal medium containing 4.4 μM BA:5.4 μM NAA and 1% sucrose. Subsequent subculturing onto LS medium supplemented with 44.0 μM BA: 5.4 μM NAA and 2% sucrose improved callus maintenance. The highest frequency of caulogenesis from cotyledon explants occurred on a modified GD medium containing 44.0 μM BA: 0.054 μM NAA and 4% glucose. The influence of nitrogen source, osmoticum and medium salt concentrations are discussed relative to callus initiation and caulogenesis.
Paleoelevation Reconstruction using Pedogenic Carbonates

Paleoelevation reconstruction using stable isotopes, although a relatively new science, is making a significant contribution to our understanding of the recent growth of the world’s major orogens. In this review we examine the use of both light stable isotopes of oxygen and the new “clumped-isotope” (Δ_(47)) carbonate thermometer in carbonates from soils. Globally, the oxygen isotopic composition (δ^(18)O) of rainfall decreases on average by about 2.8‰/km of elevation gain. This effect of elevation will in turn be archived in the δ^(18)O value of soil carbonates, and paleoelevation can be reconstructed, provided (1) temperature of formation can be estimated, (2) the effects of evaporation are small, (3) the effects of climate change can be accounted for, and (4) the isotopic composition of the carbonate is not diagenetically altered. We review data from modern soils to evaluate some of these issues and find that evaporation commonly elevates δ^(18)O values of carbonates in deserts, an effect that would lead to underestimates of paleoelevation. Some assessment of paleoaridity, using qualitative indicators or carbon isotopes from soil carbonate, is therefore useful in evaluating the oxygen isotope-based estimates of paleoelevation. Sampling from deep (> 50 cm) in paleosols helps reduce the uncertainties arising from seasonal temperature fluctuations and from evaporation. The new “clumped-isotope” (Δ_(47)) carbonate thermometer, expressed as Δ_(47), offers an independent and potentially very powerful approach to paleoelevation reconstruction. In contrast to the use of δ^(18)O values, nothing need be known about the isotopic composition of water from which carbonate grew in order to estimate of temperature of carbonate formation from Δ_(47) values. Using assumed temperature lapse rates with elevation, paleoelevations can thereby be reconstructed. Case studies from the Andes and Tibet show how these methods can be used alone or in combination to estimate paleoelevation. In both cases, the potential for diagenetic alteration of primary carbonate values first has to be assessed. Clear examples of both preservation and alteration of primary isotopic values are available from deposits of varying ages and burial histories. Δ_(47) values constitute a relatively straightforward test, since any temperature in excess of reasonable surface temperatures points to diagenetic alteration. For δ^(18)O values, preservation of isotopic heterogeneity between different carbonate phases offers a check on diagenesis. Results of these case studies show that one area of south-central Tibet attained elevations comparable to today by the late Oligocene, whereas 2.7 ± 0.4 km of uplift occurred in the Bolivian Altiplano during the late Miocene.
Chemically induced sterility in wheat for hybrid seed production

The gametocidal effects of RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 were studied with three rates and times of foliar application on two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Anza and Yecora 70. RH-531 and RH-532 applied at or before booting stage caused rather large reduction in plant height while RH-2956 had a small effect on height. Application of any of the three chemicals on ‘Anza’ at meiotic stages reduced self-pollination (SP) fertility by 97–99%. If 90% SP fertility reduction is acceptable, the application time could vary from premeiosis to postmeiosis for ‘Anza’. ‘Yecora 70’ was less sensitive than ‘Anza’ to gametocide treatments. The lowest SP fertility obtained in ‘Yecora 70’ with RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 was by treatment at booting (4 kg/ha), at premeiosis (2 kg/ha), and heading (8 kg/ha), and the corresponding SP fertility reductions were 74, 89, and 71%. Pollen stainability-determined by aceto-carmine, IKI, and Alexander's stains-was not affected by gametocide treatment and was not useful in evaluating sterility induced by these chemicals. For the RH-531-treated ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’ and the RH-532-treated ‘Anza’, more than 94% of the seeds produced by open-pollination on treated plants were from self-or sib-pollination as determined by progeny testing. However, RH-532-treated ‘Yecora 70’ and RH-2956-treated ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’ did result in more crossed seeds, with a maximum of 20% outcrossing. It was believed that spike compactness induced by the chemicals and the related poor flower opening were the major limitations for outcrossing. Artificial pollinations made to the test varieties showed that RH-531 induced both male and female sterility and was undesirable for practical use. RH-532, however, could be applied at the booting stage to avoid severe female sterility, and RH-2956 clearly was the best of the three chemicals, with the female fertility very close to those of the untreated checks of both ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’. Of the three chemicals, RH-2956 gave the highest percentage of hybrid plants in the progeny of hand-or open-pollinated spikes. Its practical use for hybrid seed production, however, will depend largely on improvement of methods to increase cross pollination in wheat.
Genome organization in Halobacterium halobium: A 70 kb island of more (AT) rich DNA in the chromosome

The more A+T rich fractionated component (FII DNA) of the Halobacterium halobium genome constitutes one third of the total DNA and upon isolation consists of covalently closed circular DNA (pHH1 and minor cccDNA) and nonsupercoiled sequences. We have investigated the physical organization of the non cccDNA in FII by a chromosome walk using one copy of the halobacterial insertion element ISH1 as a start point. This chromosome walk led to the isolation of 160 kb of chromosomal DNA containing 70 kb of FII DNA covalently linked to more G+C rich sequences (FI DNA). Copies of three previously characterized insertion elements (ISH1, ISH2, and ISH26) as well as at least 10 other repeated sequences are clustered within this chromosomal FII DNA “island”. Unique sequences are found in the FI DNA flanking the FII DNA island as well as in 40 kb of FI DNA surrounding the bacterio-opsin gene. The presence of pHH1 in H. halobium and closely related species correlates with the occurrence of the characterized chromosomal FII DNA island. Halophilic purple membrane producing isolates YC81819-9, GN101, SB3 and GRA lack pHH1 and the 70 kb FII DNA, but contain all of the FI DNA sequences tested. We propose that pHH1 and this chromosomal FII DNA are characteristic genomic components of H. halobium and closely related species, and, that the 70 kb FII DNA might represent a large insertion in the chromosome of H. halobium and closely related species. The conservation of both FI and FII DNA sequences can be used for strain classification and determination of evolutionary relationships among halobacteria.
The ability of cryopreservatives to prevent motility loss and freeze-thaw damage to the acrosome of chicken spermatozoa

Abstract Proteolytic membrane digestion and motility were used to determine the effects of cryopreservatives and freezing on acrosomal damage and survival of chicken spermatozoa. None of the cryopreservatives, glycerol, DMSO, or ethylene glycol caused a decrease in proteolytic membrane digestion by the chicken spermatozoon before freezing. After rapid freezing, high levels (16 and 24%) of glycerol prevented significant freeze-thaw reductions in proteolytic digestion. High levels of ethylene glycol (16 and 24%) and DMSO (12 and 14%) significantly reduced the ability of frozen spermatozoa to completely digest the protein membrane. Motility after freezing was highest (63%) in 16% glycerol. Glycerol at high levels appeared to be the best cryopreservative under these conditions.
Visual search for simple volumetric shapes.

Five experiments measured reaction time (RT) to detect the presence or absence of a simple volumetric shape (target) dependent on the number of display items (distractors) and their depicted three-dimensional (3-D) orientation. Experiments 1–4 examined every pairwise combination of two different simple volumetric shapes in two 3-D orientations. Conditions exhibiting “pop-out” could be predicted by differences in their two-dimensional (2-D) features. Conditions in which search was slower support previously found search asymmetries for particular 2-D features. When the distractors were a mixture of the other shapes in the same 3-D orientation, search was serial, except when the target had a curved principal axis (Experiment 5). The results suggest that these simple volumetric shapes are not processed preattentively.
Residue temperatures and the nuclear equation of state

Abstract Excitation energies are calculated for heavy residues produced in central 40 Ar+ 124 Sn collisions for a range of incident energies and impact parameters using the BUU transport equation. These excitation energies are evaluated at freezeout times determined from the time dependence of the thermal excitation energy and the nucleon emission rate. Both the thermal excitation energies and temperatures, obtained assuming Fermi-gas level densities, are sensitive to the nuclear equation of state and the impact parameter. These quantities are somewhat less sensitive to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section.
Zero-cost modification of bright field microscopes for imaging phase gradient on cells: Schlieren optics

A simple, zero-cost, reversible modification of a bright field microscope permits visualization of phase gradients in cells by transmitted illumination, yielding a Nomarski-like effect. This modification, based on schlieren optics, is simultaneously compatible with high-aperture epi-illumination fluorescence excitation. For many objectives that are intended for use in fluorescence work, but are unavailable in phase contrast versions, the modification provides a simple means for locating cells in culture with good image contrast and resolution.
The response of cobalt-free Udimet 700 type alloy to modified heat treatments

A superalloy based on Udimet 700, in which all of the cobalt was replaced by nickel, was prepared from hot isostatically pressed prealloyed powders. This material was given various heat treatments consisting of partial solutioning and aging in a sequence of four different temperatures. Comparisons were made of microstructures and mechanical properties. Best results were obtained by partially solutioning at 1145 deg C and aging through a sequence of 870, 1030, 650 and 760 deg C. This heat treatment also provided significantly improved properties for wrought material of the same composition. The results suggest that cobalt free Udimet 700 should be considered as a substitute for Udimet 700 with the standard 17 percent cobalt content.
Identification of small molecules that inhibit the interaction of TEM8 with anthrax protective antigen using a FRET assay.

Tumor marker endothelial 8 (TEM8) is a receptor for the protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin. TEM8 is upregulated on endothelial cells lining the blood vessels within tumors, compared...
A new scheme for trace determination of chromium using electrothermal atomization-laser induced fluorescence spectrometry

The determination of chromium (Cr) in water, gastrointestinal perfusates and serum samples by laser induced fluorescence in an electrothermal atomizer (ETA-LIF) has been investigated. Laser radiation used to excite Cr at 236.471 nm is generated by frequency doubling the output of a tunable dye laser. Fluorescence emissions are observed at 302.2 nm or 357.9 nm. Due to the low transition probability of the Cr excitation transition, excitation is performed using laser pulse energies of approximately 100 µJ per pulse. Atomization is performed in a commercial graphite furnace using pyrolytically coated graphite tubes without L'vov platforms. The optimized temperatures for ashing and atomization have been found to be 1300 °C and 2500 °C, respectively. The limit of detection for Cr in water by the ETA-LIF technique is 80 fg, which corresponds to 4 pg mL−1 in 20 µL sample volumes. The analytical approach has been utilized for the determination of Cr in biological fluids. Prior to analysis, gastrointestinal perfusate solutions and serum samples were diluted 1 + 1and 1 + 49, respectively, using 18 MΩ deionized water. The analysis of these samples has been evaluated using two different matrix modifiers [25 µg per 10 µL Mg(NO3)2 and 2% TritonX-100] and without a matrix modifier.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis, Characterization, and Scale-Up of Milk Thistle Flavonolignan Glucuronides

Plant-based therapeutics, including herbal products, continue to represent a growing facet of the contemporary health care market. Mechanistic descriptions of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of constituents composing these products remain nascent, particularly for metabolites produced following herbal product ingestion. Generation and characterization of authentic metabolite standards are essential to improve the quantitative mechanistic understanding of herbal product disposition in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Using the model herbal product, milk thistle, the objective of this work was to biosynthesize multimilligram quantities of glucuronides of select constituents (flavonolignans) to fill multiple knowledge gaps in the understanding of herbal product disposition and action. A partnership between clinical pharmacology and natural products chemistry expertise was leveraged to optimize reaction conditions for efficient glucuronide formation and evaluate alternate enzyme and reagent sources to improve cost effectiveness. Optimized reaction conditions used at least one-fourth the amount of microsomal protein (from bovine liver) and cofactor (UDP glucuronic acid) compared with typical conditions using human-derived subcellular fractions, providing substantial cost savings. Glucuronidation was flavonolignan-dependent. Silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, and isosilybin B generated five, four, four, and three monoglucuronides, respectively. Large-scale synthesis (40 mg of starting material) generated three glucuronides of silybin A: silybin A-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (15.7 mg), silybin A-5-O-β-d-glucuronide (1.6 mg), and silybin A-4´´-O-β-d-glucuronide (11.1 mg). This optimized, cost-efficient method lays the foundation for a systematic approach to synthesize and characterize herbal product constituent glucuronides, enabling an improved understanding of mechanisms underlying herbal product disposition and action.
Salvage radiotherapy for local failures of lumpectomy and breast irradiation

Abstract Background and Purpose : In-breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) following lumpectomy and breast irradiation is usually managed by mastectomy. For women who refused mastectomy at the time of an IBTR, a repeat course of radiotherapy following repeat lumpectomy was offered. Materials and methods : Sixteen women with an IBTR following lumpectomy, axillary node dissection and breast irradiation were treated with repeat lumpectomy and radiotherapy to the operative area. Fifteen patients received 5000 cGy/25 fractions. One patient discontinued radiotherapy for non-medical reasons after having received only 3200 cGy/16 fractions. The interval from completion of the initial course of radiotherapy to documentation of IBTR varied from 10–130 months (median 31 months). Results : Four patients (20%) have had further local failure. Ten of sixteen patients (62.5%) are alive and free or disease at 42–119 months from completion of the repeat course of radiotherapy. Of these latter patients, one had another in-breast tumor recurrence treated by excision alone and another had an in-breast tumor recurrence in the contra lateral breast post-lumpectomy and irradiation. Four patients died with distant metastasis, one is currently alive with contralateral breast cancer and distant metastasis, and one is alive with an extensive recurrence in the re-irradiated breast. Two of the patients with distant metastasis had abnormal bone scans at the time they received the repeat course of radiotherapy. There have been no severe late sequelae from the repeat course of radiotherapy. Conclusions : For selected patients, a repeat course of radiotherapy for an IBTR following lumpectomy and radiotherapy is well tolerated and may provide long-term local control.
Isotopic Dilution Studies of the Vapor/Water Interface as Investigated by Vibrational Sum-Frequency Spectroscopy

Vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) studies of dilute HOD/H2O/D2O mixtures have been used to investigate the hydrogen-bonding interactions at the vapor/water interface. The decoupled nature of the HOD vibrations produces a less complex OH stretching band than the highly coupled OH stretches of H2O, creating a clearer picture of the molecular environments present in the interfacial region. From the spectra of interfacial HOD, it is determined that the frequency of the uncoupled donor OH stretching mode is similar to what is observed in bulk HOD studies, leading to the conclusion that the hydrogen bonding environment at the surface is similar to that found in liquid H2O. This conclusion is supported by the tetrahedrally coordinated region of the vapor/H2O VSF spectrum, where the predominant resonant intensity is centered around 3300 cm-1, consistent with bulk Raman and IR spectra of liquid water.
Towards Scalable Deployment of Sensors and Actuators for Industrial Applications

While electronic sensors and actuators have a long history of being used for a broad variety of industrial applications, these applications tend to be self-contained, for example, to control a process or to automate an operation. The recent technology advancements in ubiquitous connectivity and distributed computing have afforded improved business performance or novel business models by narrowing the gap between the real-world conditions and the state of business information systems with sensors and actuators seamlessly integrated in critical business processes. This paper first describes three industry examples to motivate and discuss the key challenges for the ubiquitous applications of sensors and actuators. In particular, it argues for the need of an architecture that promotes component assembly for deployment scalability and supports application-specific QoS requirements such as timeliness, reliability and security. The paper also describes a prototype solution to illustrate our approach and progress.
Analysis of mutations in the sqt-1 and rol-6 collagen genes of Caenorhabditis elegans

Different mutations in the sqt-1 and rol-6 collagen genes of Caenorhabditis elegans can cause diverse changes in body morphology and display different genetic attributes. We have determined the nucleotide alterations in 15 mutant alleles of these genes. Three mutations in sqt-1 and one in rol-6 that cause dominant right-handed helical twisting (RRol) of animals are arginine to cysteine replacements. These mutations are all within a short conserved sequence, on the amino terminal side of the Gly-X-Y repeats, that is found in all C. elegans cuticle collagens. A recessive RRol mutation of rol-6 is a replacement of one of the same conserved arginines by histidine. In contrast, three sqt-1 mutations that cause recessive left-handed helical twisting (LRol) are replacements of a conserved carboxy-terminal cysteine residue with either tyrosine or serine. These results suggest that disulfide bonding is important in collagen organization and that a deficit or surplus of disulfides may cause cuticle alterations of opposite handedness. In contrast to other collagens, glycine replacement mutations in the Gly-X-Y repeats of sqt-1 cause very mild phenotypes. Nonsense mutations of both sqt-1 and rol-6 cause nearly, but not totally, wild-type phenotypes. A nonsense mutation in sqt-1 suppresses the phenotype of rol-6 RRol mutations, suggesting that rol-6 collagen function is dependent on the presence of sqt-1 collagen. Mutations of sqt-1 are not suppressed by a rol-6 nonsense mutation, however, indicating that sqt-1 collagen can function independently of rol-6.
Small-Angle Magnetic Scattering in Amorphous TbFe 2

A small-angle scattering measurement of the anomalous magnetic intensity below the Curie point of amorphous TbFe2 was performed with a double perfect crystal arrangement. The intensity at scattering vectors q ≳.002A−1 follows an exponential curve, from which a radius of gyration of ∿ 800A for the magnetic clusters is derived.
Time-series measurements of atmospheric and oceanic CO 2 and O 2 in the Western Gulf of Maine

A collaboration has been established between the University of New Hampshire's (UNH) Joint Center for Ocean Observing Technology and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) to adapt and deploy an autonomous carbon dioxide measurement system on a moored platform in the coastal Western Gulf of Maine. This buoy provides high-resolution timeseries measurements of atmospheric and oceanic CO2 values and is useful for the estimation of air-sea CO2 fluxes and monitoring coastal zone biochemistry dynamics. In addition, with its close location to the coast, it allows study of terrestrial air mass effects on marine air-sea CO2 exchange. This paper provides details on the overall system including field validation of buoy observations. This validation includes data from a nearby UNH AIRMAP atmospheric observing station on Appledore Island and a monthly shipboard cruise transect made by the UNH Center for Coastal Ocean Observing. These assets permit evaluation of dissolved oxygen and both air and water CO2 levels.
A model for incorporating patient and stakeholder voices in a learning health care network: Washington State's Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network.

Abstract Objective To describe the inaugural comparative effectiveness research (CER) cohort study of Washington State's Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network (CERTAIN), which compares invasive with noninvasive treatments for peripheral artery disease, and to focus on the patient centeredness of this cohort study by describing it within the context of a newly published conceptual framework for patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). Study Design and Setting The peripheral artery disease study was selected because of clinician-identified uncertainty in treatment selection and differences in desired outcomes between patients and clinicians. Patient centeredness is achieved through the “Patient Voices Project,” a CERTAIN initiative through which patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are administered for research and clinical purposes, and a study-specific patient advisory group where patients are meaningfully engaged throughout the life cycle of the study. A clinician-led research advisory panel follows in parallel. Results Primary outcomes are PRO instruments that measure function, health-related quality of life, and symptoms, the latter developed with input from the patients. Input from the patient advisory group led to revised retention procedures, which now focus on short-term (3–6 months) follow-up. The research advisory panel is piloting a point-of-care, patient assessment checklist, thereby returning study results to practice. The cohort study is aligned with the tenets of one of the new conceptual frameworks for conducting PCOR. Conclusion The CERTAIN's inaugural cohort study may serve as a useful model for conducting PCOR and creating a learning health care network.
Proposal for a polarization-independent integrated optical circulator

A polarization-independent waveguide circulator design is proposed which is well suited for monolithic integration. The circulator consists of multimode interferometers, half-wave plates, and Faraday rotators all in waveguide form. The length of the circulator is 712 mum. Simulations show the circulator to have 25 dB of isolation and 1.3 dB of insertion loss at a wavelength of 1.55 mum
Ultrastructural changes of basal lamina and anchoring fibrils of gingiva in vitro

Biopsies of human gingiva were studied with special reference to the ultrastructural changes of the basal lamina and anchoring fibrils occurring after periods of in vitro cultivation. Characteristic changes were found in the basal lamina and anchoring fibrils. In the early stages in vitro, the basal lamina showed detachment from the epithelial cells, interruption, irregularity in thickness, and reduplication; the anchoring fibrils increased in number. In the later stages in vitro, the basal lamina showed a more severe detachment and fragmentation, proliferation into the connective tissue, and face–to–face coalescence, while the anchoring fibrils became stable in number and free of association with the connective tissue components.
Effects of nasal obstruction on Eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure.

To evaluate the relationship between nasal obstruction and otitis media, 10 ferrets were studied before and after either unilateral (n=5) or bilateral (n=5) nasal obstruction. Observations included otomicroscopic assessments of middle ear status, tympanometric recordings of middle ear pressure and forced-response, inflation-deflation and continuous monitoring tests of Eustachian tube function. During the 6-8 week post-obstruction follow-up period no animal developed evidence of otitis media. Abnormal positive middle ear pressures lasting for the period of follow-up occurred only in the animals with bilateral nasal obstruction. Eustachian tube function test results showed these pressures to be generated during swallowing. No changes in the passive function of the tube were documented in either group, but changes in active function consistent with alterations in the pressure gradient between the middle ear and the nasopharynx were observed in both groups.
Ada and software maintenance

The author presents a brief historical background on the development of Ada and the APSE (Ada Programming Support Environment) concept and then focuses on the management activities of software development which will have an impact on software maintenance. She examines the technical development activities affecting maintenance. She discusses how Ada's contributions in the development process can affect subsequent maintenance, and the actual impact Ada should have on software maintenance activities is summarized. >
Female Forces: Beauty, Brains, and a Badge:

As a lens through which gender is negotiated and reproduced, this study examines Female Forces, a reality television show, which follows women police in the highly contested task of crime fighting....
Cytomegalovirus disease after heart transplantation: Is acyclovir prophylaxis indicated?

Abstract To determine the efficacy of acyclovir prophylaxis in preventing cytomegalovrus (CMV) disease after heart transplantation, the clinical course of 103 patients (ages, 0.1 to 62 years; mean age, 41.8 years; 87 males, 16 females) was analyzed. Active CMV infection (defined as a positive culture from any site or a fourfold increase in immunoglobulin G antibody titers) occurred in 64% ( 66 / 103 ) and clinical CMV disease (defined as pathologic evidence of CMV in tissue biopsy or a typical CMV syndrome with fever and two of the following: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, atypical lymphocytes, and elevated liver function test results in a patient with CMV infection) occurred in 25% ( 26 / 103 ). Independent variables studied included acyclovir prophylaxis, duration of acyclovir use, duration and type of induction therapy, donor and recipient CMV status, total steroid dose at 3 and 6 months, azathioprine dose and cyclosporine level at 3 months, age, and sex. In a multivariate regression analysis, acyclovir prophylaxis was independently associated with freedom from CMV disease ( p = 0.029). Positive donor CMV status ( p = 0.025), higher total steroid dose at 3 months ( p = 0.036), and lower azathioprine dose at 3 months ( p = 0.047) were associated with higher occurrence of CMV disease. The use of antilymphocyte induction therapy was associated with an increased occurrence of active CMV infection ( p = 0.022) but not CMV disease. The prophylactic administration of acyclovir reduced the occurrence of CMV disease after heart transplantation.
The "Tip of the Tongue" Phenomenon

The “tip of the tongue” (TOT) phenomenon is a state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning. Several hundred such states were precipitated by reading to Ss the difinitions of English words of low frequency and asking them to try to recall the words. It was demonstrated that while in the TOT state, and before recall occurred, Ss had knowledge of some of the letters in the missing word, the number of syllables in it, and the location of the primary stress. The nearer S was to successful recall the more accurate the information he possessed. The recall of parts of words and attributes of words is termed “generic recall.” The interpretation offered for generic recall involves the assumption that users of a language possess the mental equivalent of a dictionary. The featurse that figure in generic recall may be entered in the dictionary sooner than other features and so, perhaps, are wired into a more elaborate associative network. These more easily retrieved features of low-frequency words may be the features to which we chiefly attend in word-perception. The features favored by attention, especially the beginnings and endings of words, appear to carry more information than the features that are not favored, in particular the middles of words.
Monitoring Western Gray Squirrels for Landscape Management in Western Washington

Western gray squirrels (Sciurus griseus griseus Ord) are rare in western Washington and population distribution information has proven difficult to gather. A variety of standard survey methods employed on the Fort Lewis Military Reservation in southern Puget Sound in 1998–99 yielded limited results, likely due to the squirrel's elusive behavior and low-density population. We tried a new survey approach in 2004 using hair-snare tubes, which proved successful in providing information on the distribution of habitat used by western gray squirrels and eastern gray squirrels, the latter previously unknown to be resident in the interior woodlands. The hair-snare tubes also contributed information on habitat use by western and eastern gray squirrels during management actions such as timber cutting and eastern gray squirrel trapping. Knowledge of squirrel distribution allowed managers to strategically allocate resources to improve habitat. Hair-snare tubes are relatively inexpensive to construct and easy to instal...
Resources for Teaching Discrete Mathematics: Church's Thesis

In this project we will learn about both primitive recursive and general recursive functions. We will also learn about Turing computable functions, and will discuss why the class of general recursive functions coincides with the class of Turing computable functions. We will introduce the effectively calculable functions, and the ideas behind Alonzo Church’s (1903–1995) proposal to identify the class of effectively calculable functions with the class of general recursive functions, known as “Church’s thesis.” We will analyze Kurt Godel’s (1906–1978) initial rejection of Church’s thesis, together with the work of Alan Turing (1912–1954) that finally convinced Godel of the validity of Church’s thesis. We will learn much of this by studying and working with primary historical sources by Godel, Stephen Cole Kleene (1909–1994), and Turing. We begin by asking the following question: What does it mean for a function f to be effectively calculable? Obviously if we can find an algorithm to calculate f , then f is effectively calculable. For example, the famous Euclidean algorithm tells us that the binary function producing the greatest common divisor of two integers is effectively calculable. But what if we can not find an algorithm that calculates f? The reason could be that there is no algorithm calculating f ; or it could be that f is effectively calculable but we were not successful in finding an algorithm. Thus, it is evident that we need better means to identify effectively calculable functions. The problem of identifying the effectively calculable functions (of natural numbers) was at the center stage of mathematical research in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century. In the early thirties at Princeton, Church and his two gifted students Kleene and John Barkley Rosser (1907–1989) were developing the theory of λ-definable functions. Church proposed to identify the effectively calculable functions with the λ-definable functions. Here is Kleene’s description of these events, taken from page 59 of [12]:
The Geometry of Rolling Curves

(1981). The Geometry of Rolling Curves. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 6, pp. 420-426.
Modeling Laser Guide Star Aberrations

When using a laser guide star (LGS) adaptive optics system, quasi-static aberrations are observed between the measured wavefronts from the LGS wavefront sensor (WFS) and the natural guide star WFS. We model these LGS aberrations.
Can Neglected Tropical Diseases Compromise Human Wellbeing in Sex-, Age-, and Trait-Specific Ways?

Traits that facilitate competition for reproductive resources or that influence mate choice have evolved to signal resilience to infectious disease and other stressors. As a result, the dynamics of competition and choice can, in theory, be used to generate predictions about sex-, age-, and trait-specific vulnerabilities for any sexually reproducing species, including humans. These dynamics and associated vulnerabilities are reviewed for nonhuman species, focusing on traits that are compromised by exposure to parasites. Using the same approach, sex-, age-, and trait-specific vulnerabilities to parasitic disease are illustrated for children’s and adolescent’s physical growth and fitness. Suggestions are then provided for widening the assessment of human vulnerabilities to include age-appropriate measures of behavioral (e.g., children’s play) and cognitive (e.g., language fluency) traits. These are traits that are likely to be compromised by infection in age- and sex-specific ways. Inclusion of these types of measures in studies of neglected tropic diseases has the potential to provide a more nuanced understanding of how these diseases undermine human wellbeing and may provide a useful means to study the efficacy of associated treatments.
Organizational Objectives And Winning: An Examination Of The Nfl.

The article presents information on a study which examined the managerial objectives of the National Football League (NFL). The authors discuss the generally accepted success criteria for NFL teams...
Analysis on the Life Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors Among the Rural Elderly,Tengzhou City

Objective To explore the life satisfaction and its influencing factors among the rural elderly in Tengzhou city,so as to provide the basis for the intervention measures. Methods During April-June,2012,with stratified cluster sampling,802 people aged 60 or older from 8natural villages in 4towns were investigated on 17 kinds of variables including socio demographic characteristics,and multivariate analysis was carried out on the influencing factors of life satisfaction.Results The multivariate logistic regression showed that loneliness,untimely treatment of disease,poor self-rated health,inharmonious family relations,poor marital status,poor economic conditions,and chronic diseases were the risk factors for happy satisfaction among the elderly(P 0.01).OR values were 60.95(OR95%CI :41.18-90.20),8.67(OR95%CI :6.72-11.19),3.52(OR95%CI :2.58-3.84),2.48(OR95%CI :1.61-3.82),2.36(OR95%CI :1.60-3.50),1.99(OR95%CI :1.52-2.62),1.67(OR95%CI :1.14-2.42),and low education level and no economic income ORvalues were 1.49(OR95%CI :0.93-2.39)and 1.43(OR95%CI :0.99-2.08).Although they entered the main effect model,since the OR95%CIincluded 1,both influenced life satisfaction,but it was not obvious. ConclusionTo build social and family environment suitable for the elderly to live,and ensure the basic needs for material life and health care are important measures for improving the life satisfaction among the elderly.