cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transgenerational effects of polychlorinated biphenyls: 1. Development and physiology across 3 generations of rats

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic environmental contaminants and known endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Previous studies demonstrated that developmental exposure to the weakly estrogenic PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221) in Sprague-Dawley rats altered sexual development, adult reproductive physiology and body weight. The current study tested the hypothesis that prenatal A1221 exposure not only disrupts these endpoints within an exposed individual’s (F1 generation) lifespan, but may also affect subsequent generations (F2-F3). We treated pregnant female rats on embryonic days (E) 16 and E18 with A1221 (1 mg/kg), estradiol benzoate (50 μg/kg, positive estrogenic control), or vehicle (3% DMSO in sesame oil, negative control). Endpoints related to sexually dimorphic developmental trajectories of reproductive and developmental physiology were measured, and as adults, reproductive endocrine status was assessed, in the F1, F2, and F3 generations. Significant effects of transgenerational EDCs were found for body weight and serum hormones. The A1221 descendants had significantly higher body weight in the F2-maternal lineage throughout postnatal development, and in F3-maternal lineage animals after weaning. In females, generation- and lineage-specific effects of exposure were found for serum progesterone and estradiol. Specifically, serum progesterone concentrations were lower in F2-A1221 females, and higher in F3-A1221 females, compared to their respective F2- and F3-vehicle counterparts. Serum estradiol concentrations were higher in F3-A1221 than F3-vehicle females. Reproductive and adrenal organ weights, birth outcomes, sex ratio, and estrous cycles, were unaffected. It is notable that effects of A1221 were only sometimes mirrored by the estrogenic control, EB, indicating that the mechanism of action of A1221 was likely via non-estrogenic pathways. PCBs caused body weight and hormonal effects in rats that were not observed in the directly exposed F1 offspring, but emerged in F2 and F3 generations. Furthermore, most effects were in the maternal lineage; this may relate to the timing of exposure of the F1 fetuses at E16 and 18, when germline (the future F2 generation) epigenetic changes diverge in the sexes. These results showing transgenerational effects of EDCs have implications for humans, as we are now in the 3rd generation since the Chemical Revolution of the mid-twentieth century, and even banned chemicals such as PCBs have a persistent imprint on the health of our descendants.
Novel Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy for Simulations Estimation of Hemoglobin Concentration, Oxygen saturation, and Blood flow

We developed a stand-alone multi-distance multi-wavelength diffuse correlation spectroscopy able to simultaneously measure tissue optical proprieties and blood flow, by taking advantage of both the light intensity decay over source-detector separations and the autocorrelation at three wavelengths.
Genetic Variant Q63R of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Causes Differential ERK Phosphorylation in Human Immune Cells.

Background: The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is primarily expressed in immune tissues and implicated in immune regulation. In models of inflammatory diseases, modulation of CB2R alters function of...
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Self-Assembling Peptide Vaccines

Self-assembling peptides spontaneously associate into functional supramolecular scaffolds, which have found numerous biomedical applications. These molecular assemblies have applications in nerve regeneration, wound healing, and both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination. They can also be useful tools for proliferation assays, sustained culture of difficult cell lines, or activation of cell lines for immunoassays. This protocol will describe the basic peptide synthesis and purification of model self-assembling peptide immunogen and methods for vaccinating mice, collecting lymph nodes, and stimulating cells ex vivo.
Linear-complexity direct integral equation solver with explicit accuracy control for large-scale interconnect extraction

In this paper, we develop new linear-complexity direct matrix solutions for large-scale integral equation based interconnect extraction, including both factorization and inversion algorithms. These algorithms have explicitly controlled accuracy, while taking less CPU time than existing direct solvers. Rapid direct solutions of millions of unknowns have been obtained on a single CPU core with explicit accuracy control.
Ohmic Thawing of Shrimp Blocks

Conventional water immersion thawing of frozen seafood blocks requires large amounts of water, causes cross-contamination problems, and loss of solids to leaching. Frozen shrimp blocks and fish were thawed by passing an alternating current through the blocks. 60 Hz and up to 480 V were used. An automated amps and voltage data acquisition system was developed. A changing current regime was used to prevent local overheating. Thawing times for different blocks for different current-voltage regimes are presented. A preliminary economic analysis and sensory tests were performed.
Quantitative Delimitation of Warm-Temperate Deciduous Forest Areas

The zonal vegetation of [humid] warm-temperate regions is normally considered to be evergreen broad-leaved forest, as in East Asia, southern Brazil, and much of New Zealand. Kira, however, proposed the term ‘warm-temperate deciduous’ for forests composed of deciduous trees that do not occur in the adjacent cool–temperate or subtropical zones in Japan but do occur in parts of the otherwise warm-temperate zone that have colder winters. This concept also fits some deciduous forests on other continents, and some such forests are described in other chapters of this book. In addition, in the Overview chapter of this book, an attempt was made to delimit such forest areas quantitatively, using climatic data. In this chapter an attempt is made to identify these and other potential temperate forest areas geographically, based on their climatic envelopes, and to map them worldwide. Limiting values for the envelopes are based on the “breaks” in climatic response identified in the Overview chapter, but with a compromise threshold for summer temperatures, in order to show European areas that occur at lower summer temperatures than on continental east sides. The resulting map shows the expected three main regions, plus some additional smaller areas, thus suggesting that warm-temperate deciduous does represent a consistent sub-zonal climatic and potential forest type. The regions shown, though, are too large in eastern North America and East Asia, in order to show some areas in Europe.
Reconstruction of Tip, Columella, and Ala

The patient was a 66-year-old female who was referred to the University of Michigan, Department of Dermatology. The patient noted a crusty growth on her nose for 7 months, and biopsy of this skin lesion showed a basal cell carcinoma. She initially was treated by a private practitioner using Mohs surgery; however, this procedure was discontinued due to persistent involvement of the surgical margins with neoplasm. The patient was healthy but admitted to smoking one-half pack of cigarettes per day and had done so for the past 50 years. Examination of the nose demonstrated a 2.5 × 1.5-cm full thickness defect of the right nasal tip (Fig. 28.1).
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Burkitt cell morphology and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with morphological characteristics of Burkitt's leukemia (L3 morphology) is presented. This patient's lymphoblasts were lacking in surface immunoglobulin, but were found to contain cytoplasmic IgM. This is the first report of a morphologically B-cell leukemia showing pre-B-cell characteristics immunologically.
The Use of Tactile Modeling and Physical Guidance as Instructional Strategies in Physical Activity for Children Who Are Blind.

To develop into healthy, physically active adults, all children need education in physical fitness, health, wellness, and lifetime sports and recreation (Ross, Lottes, & Glenn, 1998). Studies have indicated that children who are visually impaired (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) have lower levels of fitness and less well-developed motor skills than do their sighted peers (Buell, 1950a, 1950b; Daugherty & Moran, 1982; Jankowski & Evans, 1981; Lieberman & McHugh, 2001; Pereira, 1990; Ribadi, Rider, & Toole, 1987; Skaggs & Hopper, 1996; Skellenger, Rosenblum, & Jager, 1997; Winnick & Short, 1982). In fact, children who are visually impaired have various delays in motor skills and development (Dunn & Leitschuh, 2006; Hatton, Bailey, Burchinal, & Ferrell, 1997; Jan, Sykanda, & Groenveld, 1990; Troster & Brambring, 1993; Troster, Hecker, & Brambring, 1994). Hatton et al. (1997) found that the more visually impaired a child is, the slower the child's rate of development of motor skills. This area is of great importance to educators and caregivers because there is a strong association between motor development and emotional and behavioral deficits in children who are visually impaired (Ophir-Cohen, Ashkenazy, Cohen, & Tirosh, 2005). Page 1 of 15 The Use of Tactile Modeling and Physical Guidance as Instructional Strategies in Physical Activity for ...
Abstract 4146: N6Methyladenosine RNA demethylase ALKBH5 as a novel therapeutic target for osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary bone malignancy that affects children and young adults. Despite several years of research, survival outcome of OS patients has not improved in last three decades. OS is treated with multi-modal chemotherapy, which is highly toxic and does not work well for metastatic and chemo-resistant tumors. Currently there is no FDA approved drug that can serve as an alternative to chemotherapy, warranting an urgent need to find more efficacious and targeted therapeutics for OS. Here, we report that RNA demethylase AlkB Homolog 5 (ALKBH5) may serve as a novel therapeutic adjuvant for treating OS. N6 Methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most common internal mRNA modification, which is modulated by the multi-component RNA methyltransferase complex, RNA demethylase (ALKBH5) and m 6 A readers . We show that ALKBH5 is amplified in sarcomas and its expression is highly elevated in osteosarcoma patients. We demonstrate that silencing of ALKBH5 inhibits the OS growth and migration without affecting the viability of normal human fetal osteoblast cells. Our results reveal that ALKBH5 depletion impairs the cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in OS cells. Interestingly, we demonstrate that reduction in ALKBH5 levels suppresses the DNA damage repair capacity of osteosarcoma cells rendering them sensitive to DNA damaging agent like Doxorubicin. Using DR-GFP reporter-based homologous recombination (HR) assay, we show that ALKBH5 depletion leads to reduced HR-mediated DNA repair capacity of osteosarcoma cells. Supporting this, we observed significantly reduced expression of several genes that are known to play critical roles in cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. In summary, this study shows that ALKBH5 is a critical regulator of OS growth and chemosensitivity. Approaches aimed at silencing ALKBH5 can be potentially used to inhibit osteosarcoma growth and progression as well as sensitize osteosarcoma cells to DNA damaging agents. Citation Format: Pooja Yadav, Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Nourhan Abdelfattah, Vijay K. Eedunuri, Yidong Chen, Manjeet K. Rao. N 6 Methyladenosine RNA demethylase ALKBH5 as a novel therapeutic target for osteosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4146.
Special issue: supermodularity and monotone methods in economics

This special issue brings together eight separate contributions reflecting recent advances in the methodology of supermodular optimization/games and monotone methods. Two of the papers extend some aspects of the methodology itself: Barthel and Sabarwal (Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-017-1079-3 ) deal with comparative statics without the strong set order on constraints and Beggs (Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-016-0987-y ) deals with the case of boundary optimal solutions. The next five papers deal with various economic applications, which may be classified into two broad groups. The first of these deals with dynamic general equilibrium within macroeconomic dynamics (Datta et al. in Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-017-1046-z ; Barbie and Hillebrand in Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-017-1082-8 ). The second group of papers consists of studies applying the techniques at hand to industrial organization (Reynolds and Rietzke in Econ Theory 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-016-0963-6 ; Cosandier et al. in Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-017-1050-3 ) and applied microeconomic theory (Dekel and Pauzner in Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-017-1083-7 ). Finally, the paper by Bich et al. (Econ Theory, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-017-1045-0 ) considers an alternative general formulation of a theoretical framework for dynamic programming.
Validity of DXA body volume equations in a four-compartment model for adults with varying body mass index and waist circumference classifications

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of 4-compartment (4C) model body fat percent (BF%) estimates when using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived body volume (BV) equations (4C-DXA1 and 4C-DXA2) in adults with varying body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) classifications. Each model was compared to a criterion 4C model with air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) generated BV (4C-ADP). Participants were categorized as normal weight (n = 40; NW = BMI<25.0kg/m2); overweight (n = 40; OWBMI = BMI≥25.0 kg/m2); and overweight with at-risk WC (n = 35; OWBMI+WC = BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 and WC≥88.0cm for women and 102.0cm for men). 4C-DXA1 produced lower BF% than that derived using the 4C-ADP in NW (CE = -3.0%; p<0.001) while 4C-DXA2 was significantly higher (CE = 4.8%; p<0.001). The SEE and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were lower for 4C-DXA2 (1.24% and ±2.5%, respectively) than 4C-DXA1 (2.59% and ±5.0%, respectively) and proportional bias was present for both (p<0.05). 4C-DXA1 BF% was not significant in OWBMI (CE = -0.5%; p = 0.112) whereas 4C-DXA2 was higher (CE = 4.5%; p<0.001). The SEE and 95% LOA were lower for 4C-DXA2 (1.20% and ±2.9%, respectively) than 4C-DXA1 (1.92% and ±3.9%, respectively) in OWBMI. Proportional bias was present for 4C-DXA1 (p = 0.007), but not 4C-DXA2 (p = 0.832). 4C-DXA1 and 4C-DXA2 produced significantly higher BF% in OWBMI+WC (CE = 2.2 and 2.3%, respectively; both p<0.001). The SEE and 95% LOA remained lower for 4C-DXA2 (1.15% and ±2.5%, respectively) than 4C-DXA1 (1.84% and ±3.8%, respectively). There was proportional bias for 4C-DXA2 (p = 0.020), but not 4C-DXA1 (p = 0.183) in OWBMI+WC. Only one prediction model (i.e., 4C-DXA1 in OWBMI+WC) revealed valid estimates of BF%. Practitioners are encouraged to use criteria for both BMI and WC when utilizing DXA-derived BV in 4C-models for normal and overweight populations.
Measurement and Calibration of Plant-Height from Fixed-Wing UAV Images.

Continuing population growth will result in increasing global demand for food and fiber for the foreseeable future. During the growing season, variability in the height of crops provides important information on plant health, growth, and response to environmental effects. This paper indicates the feasibility of using structure from motion (SfM) on images collected from 120 m above ground level (AGL) with a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to estimate sorghum plant height with reasonable accuracy on a relatively large farm field. Correlations between UAV-based estimates and ground truth were strong on all dates (R2 > 0.80) but are clearly better on some dates than others. Furthermore, a new method for improving UAV-based plant height estimates with multi-level ground control points (GCPs) was found to lower the root mean square error (RMSE) by about 20%. These results indicate that GCP-based height calibration has a potential for future application where accuracy is particularly important. Lastly, the image blur appeared to have a significant impact on the accuracy of plant height estimation. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.85) was observed between image quality and plant height RMSE and the influence of wind was a challenge in obtaining high-quality plant height data. A strong relationship (R2 = 0.99) existed between wind speed and image blurriness.
Conducting a Competency Analysis

This chapter discusses how to conduct a competency analysis. The focus here is on using competency analysis to identify which individual competencies are critical for success in a certain job role, and then to develop a competency model that describes in detail each of the identified individual competencies. A competency model includes an operational definition of each individual competency, the levels of behavioral indicators, and presents the relationships among the individual competencies. A competency model is the outcome of conducting a competency analysis. Competency analysis can be used to identify organization-wide core competencies or function-specific competencies as well. Most human resource development (HRD) professionals have had limited experience in conducting a competency analysis. Yet, competency analysis is often part of implementing a talent management effort, that typically involves the coordination of a broad range of activities, including recruitment, selection, development, and promotion. In many instances, managers realize that such a broad-based set of activities requires a critical analysis of the organization’s mission statement, resulting in the development of a detailed plan related to the management of the organization’s workforce in general.
Examining medical-surgical nurse shift-to-shift handoffs to identify process, failures, and effects

This research examined medical-surgical nurse shift-to-shift handoffs to identify the generic handoff process steps, as well as failure modes and effects, to develop causal explanations lin...
Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation was likely to be an important selection pressure during the origin of life. RNA is believed to have been central to the origin of life and might form the basis for simple synthetic cells. Although photodamage of DNA has been extensively studied, photodamage is highly dependent on local molecular context, and damage to functional RNAs has been relatively under-studied. We irradiated two fluorescent RNA aptamers and monitored the loss of activity, folding, and the kinetics of lesion accumulation. The loss of activity differed depending on the aptamer, with the Spinach2 aptamer retaining substantial activity after long exposure times. The binding pocket was particularly susceptible to damage, and melting of the duplex regions increased susceptibility; this is consistent with the view that duplex formation is protective. At the same time, susceptibility varied greatly depending on context, thus emphasizing the importance of studying many different RNAs to understand UV hardiness.
Development and analysis of Wilms’ tumor protein (WT1) specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of epithelial ovarian cancer

4251 The Wilms’ tumor protein (WT1), which is overexpressed by a number of human cancers, is an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy. Epithelial Ovarian Cancers (EOC) differentially express certain onco fetal proteins normally present on other tissues only during embryonal development. We sought to evaluate whether the onco fetal protein WT1 was present in EOC and whether it represented a potential immunotherapeutic target for patients with EOC. We evaluated 86 primary ovarian tumor specimens, representing all major histologic subtypes, for WT1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that WT1 overexpression was present in 28/86 (33%) of tumor samples and was associated with serous histology (16/25, 64%) (p=0.001) while only 1/17 (6%) borderline tumors overexpressed the antigen. Thus, WT1 tumor expression was correlated with poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, ELISA evaluation of patient serum revealed 8/32 (25%) of EOC patients had native anti-WT1 antibody responses at a dilution of 1:400. Recently, we and others have identified potentially immunogenic peptides derived from WT1 which bind the common HLA alleles, HLA A0201, A0301, and A2402. These peptide antigens have been used to stimulate and expand WT1-specific T cells. We use autologous EBV transformed B cells (BLCL), isolated from EOC patients, either pulsed with immunogenic WT1 peptides or transfected with vectors encoding the WT1 gene to sensitize and expand WT1-specific T cells form EOC patients, in vitro. This sensitization reliably generated WT1-tetramer positive T cells (range 2-7% tetramer positive) from patients after 4 stimulations over 28 days. Thirty to 210 x 106 cells, with a predominance of CD8+ cells, could be generated over the 28 days. The T cells sensitized with WT1 generate IFNg and other cytokines in response to peptide and specifically lyse primary HLA A2+ WT1+ ovarian or leukemia tumor cells in vitro. Non-WT1 and non-HLA matched tumor cells were not lysed. In a SCID mouse, human tumor xenograft model, we found that adoptively transferred WT1 specific HLA A2+ T cells (two doses of 16 x 106 T cells) home to and specifically induce regressions of established HLA A2+ WT1+ ovarian cancer while the T cells did not home to nor regress non-WT1 or non-HLA matched tumors in the same animals. Due to the frequent expression of WT1 in EOC and the practicable approach of using autologous EBV BLCL to sensitize tumoricidal WT1 T cells from patients, WT1 represents a viable target for adoptive immunotherapy of EOC.
An ergodic approach to Pötzsche–Siegmund–Wirth’s region of exponential stability

Abstract We present a new technique for calculating the Potzsche, Siegmund, and Wirth’s region of exponential stability for a time scale, S ℂ ( T ) . The approach taken here unifies and extends other results on this topic in the literature. We establish a tractable algorithm for computing S ℂ ( T ) in terms of the asymptotic extended graininesses of the time scale and their relative frequencies.
Attorney's Fees "R" Us: The Significant Public Purpose Doctrine Comes to State Court

The awarding of attorney's fees in civil rights cases is a central component of a well-ordered civil rights regime. The Senate Report on the Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act of 1976 claimed that numerous pieces of civil rights legislation "depend heavily upon private enforcement, and fee awards have proved an essential remedy if private citizens are to have a meaningful opportunity to vindicate the important Congressional policies which these laws contain."1 Noting that "[i]n many cases arising under our civil rights laws, the citizen who must sue to enforce the law has little or no money with which to hire a lawyer,"2 those citizens and their lawyers, acting as private attorneys general,3 "must have the opportunity to recover what it costs them to vindicate these rights in court."4 The award of attorney's fees is particularly important for those plaintiffs who win only nominal damages5 a frequent occurrence in civil rights lawsuits and therefore cannot pay attorneys out of their compensatory or punitive damage awards. Along these same lines, the curtailment of opportunities to recover attorney's fees in civil rights cases has been a central feature of the recent retrenchment of "the capacity of progressive public-interest lawyers to bring
Bond-Based Peridynamics: a Tale of Two Poisson’s Ratios

This paper explores the restrictions imposed by bond-based peridynamics, particularly with respect to plane strain and plane stress models. We begin with a review of the derivations in Gerstle et al. (2005) wherein for isotropic materials a Poisson’s ratio restriction of $\frac {1}{4}$ for plane strain and $\frac {1}{3}$ for plane stress is deduced. Next, we show Cauchy’s relations are an intrinsic limitation of bond-based peridynamics and specialize these restrictions to plane strain and plane stress models. This generalizes the results from Gerstle et al. (2005) and demonstrates that the Poisson’s ratio restrictions described in Gerstle et al. (2005) are merely a consequence of Cauchy’s relations for isotropic materials. We conclude with a discussion of the validity of peridynamic plane strain and plane stress models formulated from two-dimensional bond-based peridynamic models.
The state of the science in opioid policy research

Abstract Objective Characterize the state of the science in opioid policy research based on a literature review of opioid policy studies. Methods We conducted a scoping review of studies evaluating the impact of U.S. state-level and federal-level policies on opioid-related outcomes published in 2005−2018. We characterized: 1) state and federal policies evaluated, 2) opioid-related outcomes examined, and 3) study design and analytic methods (summarized overall and by policy category). Results In total, 145 studies were reviewed (79 % state-level policies, 21 % federal-level policies) and classified with respect to 8 distinct policy categories and 7 outcome categories. The majority of studies evaluated policies related to prescription opioids (prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), opioid prescribing policies, federal regulation of prescription opioids, pain clinic laws) and considered policy impacts with respect to proximal outcomes (e.g., opioid prescribing behaviors). In total, only 29 (20 % of studies) met each of three key criteria for rigorous design: analysis of longitudinal data with a comparison group design, adjustment for difference between policy-enacting and comparison states, and adjustment for potentially confounding co-occurring policies. These more rigorous studies were predominately published in 2017–2018 and primarily evaluated PDMPs, marijuana laws, treatment-related policies, and overdose prevention policies. Conclusions Our results indicated that study design rigor varied notably across policy categories, highlighting the need for broader adoption of rigorous methods in the opioid policy field. More evaluation studies are needed regarding overdose prevention policies and policies related to treatment access. Greater examination of distal outcomes and potential unintended consequences are also warranted.
Effect of Outpatient Note Templates on Note Quality: NOTE (Notation Optimization through Template Engineering) Randomized Clinical Trial

This is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of note template design on note quality using a simulated patient encounter and a validated assessment tool. To compare note quality between two different templates using a novel randomized clinical simulation process. A randomized non-blinded controlled trial of a standard note template versus redesigned template. PGY 1-3 IM residents. Residents documented the simulated patient encounter using one of two templates. The standard template was modeled after the usual outpatient progress note. The new template placed the assessment and plan section in the beginning, grouped subjective data into the assessment, and deemphasized less useful elements. Note length; time to note completion; note template evaluation by resident authors; note evaluation by faculty reviewers. 36 residents participated, 19 randomized to standard template, 17 to new. New template generated shorter notes (103 vs 285 lines, p < 0.001) that took the same time to complete (19.8 vs 21.6 min, p = 0.654). Using a 5-point Likert scale, residents considered new notes to have increased visual appeal (4 vs 3, p = 0.05) and less redundancy and clutter (4 vs 3, p = 0.006). Overall template satisfaction was not statistically different. Faculty reviewers rated the standard note more up-to-date (4.3 vs 2.7, p = 0.001), accurate (3.9 vs 2.6, p = 0.003), and useful (4 vs 2.8, p = 0.002), but less organized (3.3 vs 4.5, p < 0.001). Total quality was not statistically different. Residents rated the new note template more visually appealing, shorter, and less cluttered. Faculty reviewers rated both note types equivalent in the overall quality but rated new notes inferior in terms of accuracy and usefulness though better organized. This study demonstrates a novel method of a simulated clinical encounter to evaluate note templates before the introduction into practice. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04333238
Biotechnology, Controversy and the Philosophy of Technology

This concluding chapter situates the previous 13 chapters in the book within themes in the philosophy of technology. I begin by asking how philosophy could contribute to the controversy over biotechnology, through critique and or defense of this new suite of tools and techniques. The chapter continues by discussing how two key themes in the book—the focus on agriculture and the risk-based approach—could enrich the work of other philosophers working on Technoscience. Themes on the ontology of risk are given particular emphasis, and the arguments in the previous chapters are developed as an extension of Don Ihde’s postphenomenology. The chapter concludes by summarizing themes from The Spirit of the Soil (Thompson in The spirit of the soil: agriculture and environmental ethics. Routledge, New York, 2017) and indicating how the previous chapters in this book relate to a more general philosophical analysis of agricultural research.
Stocking Under Uncertain Demand and Product Variety

Efficient inventory management in the face of product variety is an important part of retail operations management. In this paper, we analyze the optimal stocking policy for a retailer, in a set up with a single horizontally differentiated product with an arbitrary number of product variants, stochastic demand, and two-level consumer choice. We assume that each customer will purchase one unit of a preferred product variant, if it is in stock, and will seek to buy a second-choice product, if the former is not in stock. We allow the second choice to depend probabilistically on the first choice. Our benchmark model is single-period with symmetric prices and costs. We find simple conditions under which the objective of maximizing expected profit is jointly concave in the stocking levels of the product variants; under these conditions we prove that the optimal stocking levels are simply the optimal newsvendor quantities. We extend the base model to consider asymmetric prices for the product variants, and use a numerical study to illustrate the impact of cost and other performance measures on the optimal policy. We also model and solve an infinite horizon extension of the benchmark model.
Constrained Surrogate-Based Engine Calibration Using Lower Confidence Bound

Recent automotive technological advancements mainly focus on improving fuel economy with satisfactory emissions, leading to significant increment of engine system complexity, especially for diesel engines. This results in a large number of calibration parameters in control features, making the engine calibration process a challenge and time consuming using the conventional map-based approach. This paper proposes a methodology to perform engine calibration using surrogate assisted optimization to reduce calibration effort for diesel engines. A high fidelity GT-Power engine model is used for the current calibration study. The objective is to find the trade-off relationship between engine efficiency (brake specific fuel consumption) and its NOx emissions. Both these objectives are optimized by calibrating three control variables, namely variable geometry turbocharger vane position, exhaust-gas-recirculating valve position, and the start of injection. Kriging surrogate models are developed for both objectives and constraints, where lower confidence bound is used as an acquisition function with a newly proposed constraint handling method and non-dominated sorting algorithm (NSGA-II) is used for performing optimization. Results from this proposed algorithm demonstrate that the optimal points obtained for both test and actual engine calibration problems are pretty close to their true Pareto optimal front. For the engine calibration problem, more than 85% reduction in total computational budget is observed. Preliminary experimental study results are also presented to compare them with the simulation results, and the optimal trade-off from both of them indicates a similar trend.
Visual Framing Effects of News Coverage of Police Use of Deadly Force on Intergroup Relationships

The study examines the effects of visual framing in news coverage of law enforcement use of lethal force. In a 2X2 online experiment, participants read one of four versions of a news story that inc...
Making players care: The ambivalent cultural politics of care and video games:

The relationship between care and video games is fraught. While the medium has the potential to allow players to meaningfully express and receive care, the cultural rhetorics that connect video gam...
Probing Monomer and Dimer Adsorption Trends in the MFI Framework.

Porous aluminosilicates such as zeolites are ubiquitous catalysts for the production of high-value and industrially relevant commodity chemicals, including the conversion of hydrocarbons, amines, alcohols, and others. Bimolecular reactions are an important subclass of reactions that can occur on Bronsted acid sites of a zeolite catalyst. Kinetic modeling of these systems at the process scale requires the interaction energetics of reactants and the active sites to be described accurately. It is generally known that adsorption is a coverage-dependent phenomenon, with lower heats of adsorption observed for molecules at higher coverage. However, few studies have systematically investigated the coadsorption of molecules on a single active site, specifically focusing on the strength of interaction of the second adsorbate after the initial adsorption step. In this work, we quantify the unimolecular and bimolecular adsorption energies of varying adsorbates, including paraffins, olefins, alcohols, amines, and noncondensible gases in the acidic and siliceous ZSM-5 frameworks. As a special case, olefin adsorption was examined for physisorption and chemisorption regimes, characterized by π-complex, framework alkoxide and carbenium ion adsorption, respectively. The effects of functional groups and molecular size were quantified, and correlations that relate the adsorption of the second adsorbate identity to that of the first adsorbate are provided.
The within-host ecology of insects and their parasites: integrating experiments and mathematical models

The within-host ecology of hosts and their microbes involves complex feedbacks between the host immune system, energetic resources, and microbial growth and virulence, which in turn affect the probability of transmission to new hosts. This complexity can be challenging to address with experiments alone, and mathematical models have traditionally played an essential role in disentangling these processes, making new predictions, and bridging gaps across biological scales. Insect hosts serve as uniquely powerful systems for the integration of experiments and theory in disease biology. In this review, we highlight recent studies in fruit flies, moths, beetles and other invertebrates that have inspired important mathematical models, and present open questions arising from recent modeling efforts that are ripe for testing in insects.
Ceramic Classification In Middle Missouri Prehistory

Consideration is given the procedures, utility, and problems of ceramic classification used in Middle Mis souri prehistory. A review of the development of the ware-type concepts and theoretical approaches to ceramic typologies are provided. Special attention is given the problems inherent in most of the ware and type definitions in the literature. An evaluation is made of the extant reports which use ceramics in unique or different ways, and suggestions are provided con cerning potential productive analytical procedures.
The Resurrection of Olive

Cradock Public Library this morning. She had gone to considerable pains: photographs of the stone grave on Buffelskop, an edition of the Nuwe Afri kaner, photostats of documents. And suddenly, along with the smells of sun-baked stone and bruised spekboom leaves rising from the documents lying open before me, that sad summer rose up again before me: unbidden, with all the disagreeableness of unassimilated recollection. My intense love for that piece of earth first found expression in a brief newspaper report. In the small town library, my grazed knee still stinging after a game of bok-bok at school, I came across: "Olive's body was embalmed and placed in a teak coffin, zinc-lined, and after a simple service laid to rest temporarily at Woltemade No 1. Mean while the sarcophagus was being built on the top of Buffelskop out of iron stone, by a local stonemason, Joe Mann. When everything was ready, Olive's body was brought up by train and at De Aar, Cronwright was waiting with two small coffins. One of the baby and the other of their beloved dog, Nit a. "On 13th August a little procession of friends climbed up Buffelskop, the coffins being carried by ten staunch natives. "How good it was that Olive should sleep in nature's open temple with its magical beauty and vastness of space. "Cronwright Schreiner, who spoke a few moving words, ended by repeating a verse from Tennyson's 'In Memoriam':
Computing the Relative Gains for Pressure and Composition Control of a Single Distillation Tower

This paper treats calculation of the steady-state relative gains for controlling a single distillation tower. A detailed mathematical model is formulated and solved by a modified Wang and Henke method. Three columns of 90%-10%, 95%-5%, and 99%-1% end product compositions for a benzene-toluene system are considered. The computational results show that the size of the perturbation used to calculate the partial derivatives for the relative gain and the convergence tolerance should be smaller for high purity columns than for low purity columns. Two consistency tests of the computational results are also presented.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF SALINITY AND NUTRIENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF Najas marina AND ITS IMPACT TO AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY IN MADU GANGA RAMSAR WETLAND IN SRI LANKA

Madu Ganga is the latest addition to the Ramsar International Convention of Wetlands. Najas marinais an alien aquatic plant and 0.5 m long that are often branched toward the upward portion of the plant. The objective of the study was to study the impact of salinity and nutrients for the growth of Najas marina. Samples were collected for analysed water quality parameters from March, 2006 to January 2007 in the lagoon. Mapping was done using Garmin GPS map 76CS and Arc GIS used to developed maps. Mean nutrient such as, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations were observed 0.26 ± 0.3 mg/l, 0.057 ± 0.04 mg/l, and 0.354 ± 0.77 mg/l subsequently. Mean salinity variation in bottom and surface are 6.38 ± 6.65 ppt and 4.31 ± 4.68 ppt. Higher bottom salinity was observed in location number 02 (near to sea mouth) and Najas marinawas not present in the area. Najas marina was also not recorded in upper part of the lagoon and fresh water streams studied. High density of Najas marina plants were observed in sampling location 07, 08 and 09, because of the high nutrient concentration flowing through feeding tributaries. More than 25 % of lagoon area was covered by Najas marina.
An Analysis Of The Impact Of The Fall In The Foreign Exchange Value Of The U.S. Dollar From The Mid-1980s To The Mid-1990s On The Output Levels Of The 20 2-Digit SIC U.S. Industries

This study empirically examines the effects of the downward trend in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s on the output levels of the 20 individual 2-digit SIC U.S. industries. Despite the fact that theory would predict increases in the output levels of these industries due to their improved international competitiveness, the empirical results show that this is not the case.
A Soluble Factor Related to the Energy-linked Transhydrogenase Reaction of Rhodospirillum rubrum Chromatophores

Abstract Chromatophores from the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, have been prepared which completely lack an energy-linked transhydrogenase activity while retaining maximal photophosphorylation rates. Transhydrogenation is reconstituted in deficient particles by the addition of a partially purified soluble protein factor isolated from R. rubrum cells.
Skin signs of gastrointestinal disease.

Two reference points are used in this survey of the skin signs associated with gastrointestinal diseases: major signs and symptoms that confront the clinician on a daily basis and specific disorders that present with a variety of signs and symptoms related to gastrointestinal disease. The cutaneous signs and the manner in which they evolve are described in detail where appropriate for easier identification. There is often an association between involvement of the skin and joints in clinical medicine, and this is especially true in gastrointestinal disorders. For that reason the skin and the joints are discussed together when they are important for diagnosis.
Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere

Northern mid-latitude forests are a large terrestrial carbon sink. Ignoring nutrient limitations, large increases in carbon sequestration from carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization are expected in these forests. Yet, forests are usually relegated to sites of moderate to poor fertility, where tree growth is often limited by nutrient supply, in particular nitrogen. Here we present evidence that estimates of increases in carbon sequestration of forests, which is expected to partially compensate for increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, are unduly optimistic. In two forest experiments on maturing pines exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2, the CO2-induced biomass carbon increment without added nutrients was undetectable at a nutritionally poor site, and the stimulation at a nutritionally moderate site was transient, stabilizing at a marginal gain after three years. However, a large synergistic gain from higher CO2 and nutrients was detected with nutrients added. This gain was even larger at the poor site (threefold higher than the expected additive effect) than at the moderate site (twofold higher). Thus, fertility can restrain the response of wood carbon sequestration to increased atmospheric CO2. Assessment of future carbon sequestration should consider the limitations imposed by soil fertility, as well as interactions with nitrogen deposition.
Moral Development and Reality: Beyond the Theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman

Foreword - Daniel K. Lapsley Preface 1. Introduction Social Perspective-Taking and the Moral Point of View The Right and the Good: The Moral Domain Introducing Chapters Two Through Nine 2. "The Right" and Moral Development: Fundamental Themes of Kohlberg's Cognitive Developmental Approach Early-Childhood Superficiality Beyond Centrations and Superficial Judgment Stages of Moral Reciprocity Assessing Stages of Immature and Mature Moral Judgment Concluding Comment 3. Kohlberg's Theory: A Critique and New View Background Kohlberg's Overhaul of Piaget's Phases Adult Moral Development in Kohlberg's Theory A New View of Lifespan Moral Judgment Development Conclusion 4. "The Good" and Moral Development: Hoffman's Theory The Empathic Predisposition Modes of Empathic Arousal Empathy and Cognitive Development: Stages of Empathic Distress The Empathic Predisposition, Cognition, and Affective Primacy The Empathic Predisposition, Socialization, and Moral Internalization Conclusion and Critique 5. Moral Development, Moral Sef-Relevance, and Prosocial Behavior Prosocial Behavior: A Rescue Individual Differences in Prosocial Behavior Conclusion: Two Spurious "Moral Exemplars" 6. Understanding Antisocial Behavior Limitations of Antisocial Youth A Case Study 7. Treating Antisocial Behavior The Mutual Help Approach The Psychoeducational or Skills Training Approach Evaluation of the Equip Program Perspective-Taking for Severe Offenders 8. Beyond the Theories: A Deeper Reality? Two Case Studies A Deeper Reality? Moral Insight and Inspiration Conclusion 9. Conclusion The Issue of Moral Motivation Moral Perception and Reality References Index Appendix About the Author
The Stone-Weierstrass Theorem

The following chapter is concerned with a rather remarkable and extremely powerful theorem first proved by Weierstrass and then extended to its present form by Stone. Although mathematicians have long recognized its importance, most of those people in applications have for some reason failed to appreciate its significance. It is fundamental to certain arguments later on. We shall point out precisely where at that point. For the moment, we hope the reader will have faith enough to wait.
Void transport in resin transfer molding

The transport of single drops through a hexagonal cylinder array is used to study the void movement and deformation in a resin transfer molding process. A transparent flow cell is used to visualize the transport of voids through a porous media model. Experiments are conducted with nearly inviscid water drops and viscous glycerol drops with drop sizes ranging from 0.4 to 80 μl, and with both a Newtonian fluid and Boger fluid with average resin velocities ranging from 0.011 to 0.140 cm/s. Two critical capillary numbers, which determine the breakup (Cab) and mobilization (Ca*) of drops, are measured to better understand the flow dynamics of voids. As demonstrated by the experiments, there is a critical drop size, below or above which a quite different flow behavior is observed. Such a transition is analyzed with consideration of the geometry characters in the flow field. Results expand the former studies in this area to a significantly larger range of drop sizes and capillary numbers. Particle Tracking Velocimetry is also used to quantify the local velocity, shear stress, extensional stress and energy dissipation in the flow field. Polym. Compos. 25:417–432, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Theoretical calculation of the photoelectron spectrum of ethylene

Abstract A theoretical study of the carbon 2s region of the photoelectron spectrum of ethylene is reported. The calculations are much larger than those previously performed and are successful in qualitatively describing the spectrum.