cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a driven Stirling engine

We study the nonlinear dynamics of an idealized driven Stirling engine model. The model is analogous to an oscillator with a nonlinear dependence of the spring constant on the state and input signal, with a rich complexity of behaviors depending on frequency ratios and amplitudes. We employ a change of coordinates where input-to-state boundedness questions can be answered. Furthermore, a fixed point argument is used to show that for each periodic input forcing, the system posses at least one periodic orbit of the same period. We elaborate on the significance of this fact to input signal design for the driven Stirling engine.
Estimating Cognitive Complexity and the Need for Cognitive Task Analysis

Because an increasing number of systems are being developed to support complex cognitive functioning, task analysis is commonly being augmented with cognitive task analysis, which identifies cognit...
Considerations for surface reconstruction stability prediction on GaAs(001)

We present a theoretical analysis of the finite-temperature equilibrium surface reconstruction stability of GaAs(001) from first principles, encompassing the As-rich regime relevant to low-temperature grown GaAs. Experimental evidence points to the thermodynamic stability of a $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ reconstruction in this regime, but density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict all $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ reconstructions to be metastable relative to the $\ensuremath{\beta}2(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ and $c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ reconstructions. We employ statistical mechanical simulations, parameterized by DFT to study the combined effects of configurational disorder and vibrational excitations on surface phase stability. The calculated finite-temperature surface free energies of the various reconstructions indicate that, if a small constant energy shift is used to enforce stability of the lowest-energy $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$, the resultant phase diagram is consistent with experiment with the $c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ overwhelming $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ at high temperatures. This behavior is due to competition between configurational entropy, which favors $c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$, and vibrational entropy, which favors $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$.
Abstract 978: A regulatory role for TAZ in mesenchymal differentiation of glioblastoma

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Gene expression profiling studies have revealed that the mesenchymal signature (MES) is a predictor for poor survival and treatment resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, whereas patients with a proneural (PN) signature perform better in the clinic. We found that the HIPPO pathway transcription co-factor TAZ, but not YAP is epigenetically silenced by CpG island hypermethylation in lower grade/PN tumors whereas its promoter is hypomethylated in GBM/MES tumors. Treatment of a demethylation agent (2′-deoxy-5-azacytidine) increased TAZ mRNA levels in glioma stem cells lacking this protein. Using bioinformatic approaches we found TAZ to be significantly connected to the MES gene signature network that was distinct from recently reported regulators of MES transition in GBM, viz., STAT3 and CEBPβ. Approximately 60% of the in silico inferred targets were confirmed to be direct targets of TAZ by ChIP-PCR. Silencing TAZ in GSCs decreased invasion and blocked tumorigenesis when implanted intracranially into mice. Conversely, overexpression of TAZ in GSCs that lack this protein resulted in increased MES gene expression, suppressed PN gene expression, increased invasion, differentiation toward an osteogenic and chondrocytic lineage and reduced tumor latency in the xenograft model. In primary NSCs, forced TAZ resulted in increased expression of mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin, and smooth muscle actin, whereas astrocytic or neuronal differentiation was suppressed. All aforementioned phenotypes were abolished when overexpressing a single point mutant version of TAZ (S51A) that lacks binding to its bona fide transcription partner, TEAD. Finally overexpression of TAZ in a PGDF-RCAS transgenic mouse model caused increased tumor grade and incidence and shift toward a MES phenotype. Our study identifies TAZ as important master regulator of PN to MES transition in gliomas and presents as an attractive therapeutic target for this devastating disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 978. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-978
Considerunder the Three Main Functions of University Education in China

After several years of development,the University gradually with the three functions of "personnel training,development of science and serving society." Based on the perspective of three main functions of the University to consider China's universities,the article thinks that the problems of "dereliction of the personnel training,scientific research in the anomie,and social services out of position" existed in the university.For the causes of these problems,our universities should focus on building the cradle of talent development,to create a free academic atmosphere and to provide the academic social services.
Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-based Graphene Nanocomposites Studied with Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and the local mechanical properties of polypropylene-based graphene nanocomposites. Amplitude Modulated AFM was used to perform phase angle measurements to estimate the loss tangent, along with the local elastic modulus of the nanocomposite’s surface as a function of graphene content. We have observed an increasing trend in phase angle as the graphene content increased. We also identified wrinkled graphene flakes embedded in the polymer matrix. The graphene corrugation and mismatched strain between polymer and graphene sheets show a variation in the phase angle that is corroborated with Raman measurements. Mechanically exfoliated graphene on SiO2 was characterized as a baseline to understand the effect of graphene wrinkles compared to graphene surfaces on phase angle. The Raman results revealed that there are changes in the crystalline morphology of the polymer with the addition of graphene.
Electroporation-mediated delivery of the FER gene in the resolution of trauma-related fatal pneumonia.

Injured patients with lung contusion (LC) are at risk of developing bacterial pneumonia (PNA) followed by sepsis and death. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed FER gene expression positively correlating with survival rates among individuals with above conditions. We sought to determine whether electroporation (EP)-mediated delivery of FER gene could indeed improve survival, in a lethal model of combined LC and PNA. C57BL/6 mice sustained unilateral LC, which preceded a 500 Klebsiella colony forming unit (CFU) inoculation by 6 h. In-between these insults, human FER plasmid (pFER) was introduced into the lungs followed by eight EP pulses applied externally (10 ms at 200 V cm-1). Control groups included EP of empty vector (pcDNA3) or Na+/K+-ATPase genes (pPump) and no treatment (LC+PNA). We recorded survival, histology, lung mechanics, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, FER and inflammatory gene expression and bacteriology. The data show that 7-day survival was significantly improved by pFER compared with control groups. pFER increased BAL monocytes and activated antibacterial response genes (nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Fizz). pFER treatment showed decreased lung and blood Klebsiella counts reaching, in some cases, complete sterilization. In conclusion, FER gene delivery promoted survival in LC+PNA mice via recruitment of activated immune cells, improving efficiency of bacterial clearance within contused lung.
Steroid hormones: humoral signals which alter brain cell properties and functions.

Publisher Summary The steroid hormones influence the brain to affect behavior. This chapter discusses the intracellular steroid receptors in neural tissue; their anatomical distribution and properties, their role in carrying hormone to the cell nucleus, and their effects upon gene expression. It also describes the direct effects of steroids upon neural tissue which do not appear to be mediated by intracellular steroid receptors. It provides a more integrated picture of how steroid hormones influence patterns of behavior during the development and in adult life, using as an example the effects of estradiol in the rat brain. The brain contains receptor sites for all five classes of steroid hormones. Brain regions that contain such cytosol steroid receptors also display translocation of labeled hormone to the cell nuclear compartment, and this phenomenon underlies autoradiographic localization of steroid hormone concentrating cells, because the presence of label over the cell nucleus provides a visually striking and quantifiable endpoint. Cell nuclear translocation of steroid hormones in neural tissues is not necessarily accompanied by the extensive cytosol receptor depletion even when nuclear sites are loaded to capacity. There are other, indirect demonstrations of genomic involvement in steroid action in the brain.
Detecting And Tracking Attacks in Mobile Edge Computing Platforms

Device-to-device (d2d) communication has emerged as a solution that promises high bit rates, low delay and low energy consumption which represents the key for novel technologies such as Google Glass, S Beam, and LTE-Direct. Such d2d communication has enabled computational offloading among collaborative mobile devices for a multitude of purposes such as reducing the overall energy, ensuring resource balancing across device, reducing the execution time, or simply executing applications whose computing requirements transcend what can be accomplished on a single device. While this novel computation platform has offered convenience and multiple other advantages, it obviously enables new security challenges and mobile network vulnerabilities. We anticipate challenging future security attacks resulting from the adoption of collaborative mobile edge cloud computing platforms, such as MDCs and FemtoClouds. In typical botnet attacks, “vertical communication” between a botmaster and infected bots, enables attacks that originate from outside the network. While intrusion detection systems typically analyze network traffic to detect anomalies, honeypots are used to attract and detect attackers, and firewalls are placed at the network periphery to filter undesired traffic. However, these traditional security measures are not as effective in protecting networks from insider attacks such as MobiBots, a mobile-to-mobile distributed botnet. This shortcoming is due to the mobility of bots and the distributed coordination that takes place in MobiBot attacks. In contrast to classical network attacks, these attacks are difficult to detect because MobiBots adopt “horizontal communication” that leverages frequent contacts amongst entities capable of exchanging data/code. In addition, this architecture does not provide any pre-established command and control channels (CC the botmaster (red hexagon), the HoneyBot (green circle), the infected bot (red circle), and the cured or clear node (blue circle). We assume that the 9 nodes shown in the figure only represent the vulnerable d2d nodes in this corporate networks. We propose detection, tracking and isolation technique that aim at accurately and efficiently defend networks from insider d2d malicious communication.
Connecting Students with RUSA in a Basic Reference Class

Regardless of my experience as a public library reference librarian and years of teaching basic and more advanced reference and library instruction courses, I am still somewhat insecure about my ab...
Habitat Use and Avoidance by Foraging Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers in East Texas

Abstract Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker) is an endangered bird endemic to the Pinus (pine) ecosystems of the southeastern US. Mature pine savannahs with a minimal midstory and lush herbaceous groundcover represent high-quality habitat. This study examines the foraging-habitat patterns of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in East Texas. We present a logistic regression model that best differentiates between foraged and non-foraged habitat. Increases in hardwood-midstory basal area have the greatest negative impact on the probability of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers selecting a habitat patch for foraging. Five additional variables negatively impact foraging probability: shrub height, diameter at breast height (DBH) of pine midstory, canopy closure, density of pine midstory, and density of hardwood midstory. Our model shows a high degree of accuracy as to the probability of habitat-patch selection for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraging in East Texas forests composed of different pine species.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Observation of Phonon Condensate

Using quantum tunneling of electrons into vibrating surface atoms, phonon oscillations can be observed on the atomic scale. Phonon interference patterns with unusually large signal amplitudes have been revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy in intercalated van der Waals heterostructures. Our results show that the effective radius of these phonon quasi-bound states, the real-space distribution of phonon standing wave amplitudes, the scattering phase shifts, and the nonlinear intermode coupling strongly depend on the presence of defect-induced scattering resonance. The observed coherence of these quasi-bound states most likely arises from phase- and frequency-synchronized dynamics of all phonon modes, and indicates the formation of many-body condensate of optical phonons around resonant defects. We found that increasing the strength of the scattering resonance causes the increase of the condensate droplet radius without affecting the condensate fraction inside it. The condensate can be observed at room temperature.
Storage, Display, and PACS

Completion of a nuclear medicine procedure involves many steps that are intertwinedwith one another.Areferring physician orders a nuclear medicine study for a patient after clinical examination. The patient reports to the nuclear medicine department for the study according to the schedule. The study is performed according to the established protocol using specific equipment. The data are processed and used to construct images which are then stored for display on monitors as needed. The nuclear physician retrieves the images from storage and interprets them to diagnose the patient’s diseases. The report on the diagnosis is dictated into a computer, which can be retrieved along with images by the referring physician for making a clinical decision for the patient. The entire sequence of operations in the procedure is depicted by the term workflow that represents each operation much like flow charts. Workflow software has been developed by various vendors to implement all sequential operations of a procedure in an integrated form. The advantage of workflow lies in the management of large imaging data in multiple formats along with the capability of interrelating among different operations. Below is given a description of storage and display of image data in nuclear medicine and the concept of workflow involving multiple operations to complete a study.
Race, faith and cake: foodways at a Festa de Divino Espírito Santo

I argue for the power and value of food and foodways as an assertion of identity politics. A Festa de Divino Espirito Santo, the Afro-Catholic festival of the Holy Spirit, is quite prominent in the...
New Bounds of Ostrowski–Gruss Type Inequality for (k + 1) Points on Time Scales

The aim of this paper is to present three new bounds of the Ostrowski--Gr\"uss type inequality for points $x_0,x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_k$ on time scales. Our results generalize result of Ng\^o and Liu, and extend results of Ujevi\'c to time scales with $(k+1)$ points. We apply our results to the continuous, discrete, and quantum calculus to obtain many new interesting inequalities. An example is also considered. The estimates obtained in this paper will be very useful in numerical integration especially for the continuous case.
Dimerization and Long-Range Repulsion Established by Both Termini of the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein found in neuronal axons that has several well-known functions, such as promoting microtubule polymerization, stabilizing microtubules against depolymerization, and spatially organizing microtubules in axons. Two contrasting models have been previously described to explain tau’s ability to organize the spacing between microtubules: complementary dimerization of the projection domains of taus on adjacent microtubules or tau’s projection domain acting as a polyelectrolyte brush. In this study, atomic force microscopy was used to interrogate intermolecular interactions between layers of tau protein immobilized on mica substrates and on silicon nitride atomic force microscope tips. On these surfaces, tau adopts an orientation comparable to that when bound to microtubules, with the basic microtubule binding domain immobilized and the acidic domains extending into solution. Force–distance curves collected via atomic force microscopy reveal that full length human tau, when ...
Candy and Poisons: Fouling Management with Pharmacophore Coatings

This chapter provides a context and perspective to consider novel materials for use in fouling management. Fouling and biofouling are defined and the rationale for existing fouling management is provided. Fouling management in even benign environments is difficult because commercial approaches use broad-spectrum stable biocides with non-target effects on humans, environmental health, and food safety. These historic approaches target death as the only biological endpoint. If novel approaches are to be implemented, biological alternatives to broad-spectrum long-lived biocides must be discovered, designed, and fitted within existing business models, infrastructures, and regulatory frameworks. The title, “Candy and Poisons”, highlights the two major issues for sustainable fouling management. Potent, short-lived toxins and pharmacophores, protected in coatings and chemically and biologically destroyed, are eaten as is candy within hours to days after release. Fouling on roofs as an example of an extreme environment and speculation about the use of conserved biological pathways in fouling management are discussed. Major concerns for all fouling management approaches are humans, environmental health, and food safety. With novel approaches, health and food safety should be addressed at the beginning of the technology development. The most difficult hurdle that a new technology faces is the regulatory framework. Present regulatory structures repress new technology and are slowly reducing options for the highly toxic management approaches. Policy changes that support novel technologies and close loopholes for long-lived toxins are needed to stimulate environmentally appropriate solutions.
On the Structural Form of Interdependent Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter concentrates on the structural form of interdependent systems. A great deal of effort is devoted in econometrics and elsewhere to find the behavior pattern of an observed configuration. Such effort is justified on the grounds that the knowledge of the behavior pattern is needed for the purpose of giving explanation or prediction. The merits of this justification are also examined in the chapter. At this point, the chapter considers certain difficulties encountered in the process of looking for the behavior patterns. In certain fields, notably economics (but also— for example, electronic network theory), it deals with a set (configuration) of objects (components) that are interdependent in their behavior. For purposes of both theoretical analysis and empirical investigation of such situations, the phenomena are often described in the chapter (in idealized form) by means of a system of simultaneous equations. History alone is not enabled to determine the behavior pattern of the configuration; but this does not mean that the task is hopeless. The priori information is obtained from the axiom systems or theories that are believed to be relevant to the behavior pattern of the configuration.
Role of Serotonin in Alzheimer’s Disease

Mounting evidence accumulated over the past few years indicates that the neurotransmitter serotonin plays a significant role in cognition. As a drug target, serotonin receptors have received notable attention due in particular to the role of several serotonin-receptor subclasses in cognition and memory. The intimate anatomical and neurochemical association of the serotonergic system with brain areas that regulate memory and learning has directed current drug discovery programmes to focus on this system as a major therapeutic drug target. Thus far, none of these programmes has yielded unambiguous data that suggest that any of the new drug entities possesses disease-modifying properties, and significantly more research in this promising area of investigation is required. Compounds are currently being investigated for activity against serotonin 5-HT(1), 5-HT(4) and 5-HT(6) receptors. This review concludes that most work done in the development of selective serotonin receptor ligands is in the pre-clinical or early clinical phase. Also, while many of these compounds will likely find application as adjuvant therapy in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease, there are currently only a few drug entities with activity against serotonin receptors that may offer the potential to alter the progression of the disease.
Measurement of radiative. pi. /sup +/p scattering below the. delta. /sup + +/(1232) resonance

We report measurements of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\gamma}$ at 17 photon angles for 165-MeV incident pions. Like the previously reported data for 269-, 298-, and 324-MeV incident pions, these data show little structure and do not deviate significantly from models predicting a monotonic decrease of the photon energy spectra with increasing photon energy.
On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal control of a class of discrete, time-invariant, variable-structure systems. Both deterministic and stochastic problems are considered for unbounded control and the cost functional quadratic in state. Solutions are obtained in closed-form.
In Situ observations of the evolution of precipitates on the surface of Al-6022

The precipitation of Mg2Si on the surface of Al 6022 has been investigated in situ using a Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope and a gold image furnace during cooling and isothermal conditions. It was found that precipitates form during cooling at temperatures between 400 and 280°C. The numbers and size of precipitates, as well as the growth velocity have been obtained as function of temperature for different cooling rates. The growth of precipitates has been modeled by means of a normalized Gaussian function, which can be used to predict the precipitate evolution.
State driven semantic modeling of operators in ETL workflow

To process the flood of digital age data, ETL tools operating on grids have provided organizations with the ability to efficiently filter, clean, and persist very large data sets by means of complex workflows. Currently, however, constructing such workflows is largely manual, human time intensive, and error prone. Existing models omit the domain related knowledge necessary to validate the structure of such large, complex ETL workflows during construction. This paper introduces the concepts of preconditions, postconditions, and field abstraction on ETL operators to provide a richer model for ETL workflow that can leverage relevant domain knowledge to represent and enforce operator constraints.
Acute Blood Pressure Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage.

We discuss the evidence and guidelines for acute blood pressure (BP) management for patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke or spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. Observational data suggest that the extremes of BP should be avoided in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. There is no convincing evidence that active BP reduction results in improved outcomes for ischemic stroke patients. Current guidelines recommend that BP be maintained ≤ 185/110 mmHg in patients who are candidates for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) or mechanical thrombectomy and that BP be maintained ≤ 180/105 mmHg for at least 24 h in patients who have received IV tPA or have undergone mechanical thrombectomy. Acute BP goals for spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage remain unclear despite a number of randomized controlled trials. Acute BP goals for patients with acute ischemic stroke largely depend on candidacy for, and receipt of, IV tPA and mechanical thrombectomy. As thrombectomy is now the standard of care for many patients with large vessel occlusion, we will see a heightened interest in pre- and post-thrombectomy BP management. Future trials of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage may focus on hyperacute BP lowering (e.g., in the prehospital setting).
Popliteal Artery Aneurysm

A 77-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of increased swelling and pain in the left knee and distal thigh. He was unable to flex the knee without severe pain. On examination, the patient had a large pulsatile mass in the left popliteal fossa and distal thigh.
Simultaneous confidence bands: Theory, implementation, and an application to SVARs

Simultaneous confidence bands are versatile tools for visualizing estimation uncertainty for parameter vectors, such as impulse response functions. In linear models, it is known that that the sup‐t confidence band is narrower than commonly used alternatives—for example, Bonferroni and projection bands. We show that the same ranking applies asymptotically even in general nonlinear models, such as vector autoregressions (VARs). Moreover, we provide further justification for the sup‐t band by showing that it is the optimal default choice when the researcher does not know the audience's preferences. Complementing existing plug‐in and bootstrap implementations, we propose a computationally convenient Bayesian sup‐t band with exact finite‐sample simultaneous credibility. In an application to structural VAR impulse response function estimation, the sup‐t band—which has been surprisingly overlooked in this setting—is at least 35% narrower than other off‐the‐shelf simultaneous bands.
Validation of Minnesota Acute GVHD Risk Score and Identification of New Factors Associated with Initial Response to Steroids: Not All GVHD Is Created Equal

Abstract Introduction: We recently reported on the Minnesota acute GVHD Risk Score that is based on the number of involved organs and severity of GVHD at onset. Using clinical grouping, descriptive statistics and recursive partitioning, we identified poorly responsive, high-risk (HR) acute GVHD by the number of involved organs and severity of GVHD at onset. Patients with HR GVHD were 3 times less likely to respond to steroid therapy and had >2 fold increased risk of mortality and transplant-related mortality (TRM) than patients in the standard risk (SR) GVHD group. This GVHD Risk Score more accurately predicts response, survival and TRM than other published GVHD risk scores based upon clinical grading criteria (BBMT.2015,21:761). Methods: To validate this Risk Score, we examined a new cohort (2008-2016) of 355 patients (median age 49 years, range Results: All patients had >6 months follow-up after steroid initiation (median 3.2 years). 79 (22%) patients had HR GVHD and 276 (78%) had SR GVHD. Demographics were similar in the two groups (Table). Overall response [complete response (CR)+partial response (PR)] was significantly higher in the 276 SR vs 79 HR GVHD patients at day 14 (71% vs 56%, p Conclusions: This analysis confirms that the Minnesota GVHD Risk Score is a valuable, immediately available bedside tool to define risk in patients with acute GVHD and predicts outcomes better than GVHD clinical grades. These results also demonstrate the importance of age, HCT-CI, graft source, and time to onset of GVHD on outcomes after GVHD therapy. Notably, UCB recipients have better responses to steroid therapy and lower subsequent risk for chronic GVHD than other donor sources. These data suggest that a tailored approach to upfront GVHD therapy based upon the Minnesota acute GVHD Risk Score and other risk factors should be considered in order to improve outcomes in patients with acute GVHD. Further studies are needed to explore why cord blood recipients with acute GVHD respond better than BM/PBSC recipients with a similar severity of GVHD. Disclosures MacMillan: Angiocrine: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Equillium: Consultancy. Holtan: Incyte: Consultancy. Brunstein: Gamidacell: Research Funding. Wagner: Magenta Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Blazar: Kadmon Corporation, LLC: Consultancy, Research Funding. Weisdorf: SL Behring: Consultancy; Equillium: Consultancy; FATE: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy.
Fault-Tolerant Output-Feedback Path Planning with Temporal Logic Constraints

In this paper, we consider searching for fault tolerant control strategies for linear systems to satisfy some high level requirements specified by linear temporal logic. By the term fault tolerant, we mean the obtained control strategy can respond to a fault that leads to a sudden change of the system dynamics. We first show how open-loop fault tolerant strategies (associated with each initial state) can be synthesized by leveraging Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based encodings used for linear temporal logic. These open-loop strategies, however, are not robust to the disturbances because of two reasons. First, since the disturbed system cannot be predicted precisely, the fault will be detected with a delay. Secondly, even if the faulty status is known, the true system trajectory may still deviate from the planned trajectory as the impact of the disturbance accumulates. To solve the two problems, we present a MILP formulation of the problem that incorporates finite detection delays, the open-loop strategy defined by the MILP's solution is then robustified with additional linear regulation.
The Role of Forcing and Eddy Viscosity Variation on the Log-Layer Mismatch Observed in Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulations

We investigate the role of eddy viscosity variation and the effect of zonal enforcement of the mass flow rate on the log-layer mismatch problem observed in turbulent channel flows. An analysis of the mean momentum balance shows that it lacks a degree-of-freedom (DOF) when eddy viscosity is large, and the mean velocity conforms to an incorrect profile. Zonal enforcement of the target flow rate introduces an additional degree-of-freedom to the mean momentum balance, similar to an external stochastic forcing term, leading to a significant reduction in the log-layer mismatch. We simulate turbulent channel flows at friction Reynolds numbers of 2000 and 5200 on coarse meshes that do not resolve the viscous sublayer. The second-order turbulence statistics agree well with the direct numerical simulation benchmark data when results are normalized by the velocity scale extracted from the filtered velocity field. Zonal enforcement of the flow rate also led to significant improvements in skin friction coefficients.
Death in Ancient Chinese Thought: What Confucians and Daoists Can Teach Us About Living and Dying Well

The foundational texts of the classical period of Confucianism and Daoism contain virtually no discussion of post-death existence or the nature of the afterlife. At the same time, these traditions devote significant attention to the ways death and loss impact our lives. Confucian texts such as the Analects of Confucius and the Xunzi, as well as the distinctive, profoundly influential writings of the Daoist Zhuangzi, contain teachings and stories about people facing their own deaths and dealing with the deaths of others. Both traditions offer guidance on living well in the face of mortality without recourse to notions of post-death existence. They do this by cultivating and sustaining connections and identification with larger realities beyond the individual. The Confucians emphasize human relationships, the realm of the familial (including ancestral), social, and political. Zhuangzi emphasizes the connection with the larger natural world, whereby we see the cycles of our own lives as part of the larger cycles of nature, and he points toward a path to losing one’s self through contemplative and skillful practices, ultimately leading to a sense of equanimity in the face of death. I argue that underlying the differences between Confucian and Daoist forms of connection and consolation is the contrast between the Confucian notion of a narratively constructed self, an achievement of memory and ritual, and Zhuangzi’s deconstruction of the narrative temporality that grounds Confucian notions of selfhood.
Desertification and Land Degradation

Drylands may undergo relatively rapid changes in land cover, plant communities, erosion rates, and hydroclimatic conditions that result in losses of ecosystem services and livelihoods. These socio-environmental changes are often termed “desertification,” which literally means “transition to desert-like conditions.” Because deserts occur in different forms and shapes, desertification is a rather ambiguous term that does not uniquely point to a specific environmental process, final outcome, or underlying driver of environmental change in drylands. Indeed, desertification can lead to, among other outcomes, a loss of vegetation cover, accelerated soil erosion, bush encroachment in xeric grasslands, displacement of perennial native grasses by exotic annuals, and an increase in soil salinity or toxicity (e.g., Martinez-Beltran and Manzur 2005; Rengasamy 2006; Schlesinger et al. 1990; Van Auken 2000). These changes are relatively irreversible at timescales spanning human generations. In other words, desertification is the environmental “deterioration” of drylands (Dregne 1977) that leads to a persistent and, in the most extreme case, an irreversible transition to desert-like conditions (MEA 2005; D’Odorico and Ravi 2016).
Emergency certified teachers’ motivations for entering the teaching profession: Evidence from Oklahoma

The use of emergency certification to fill teaching vacancies has increased in many school districts across the United States. Prior research suggests that teachers’ underlying motivations for entering the profession are associated with student outcomes, but very little is known about the motivations of emergency certified teachers who enter the profession in a less systematic fashion than traditionally certified teachers. To understand emergency certified teachers’ rationales for entering teaching, we interviewed 30 emergency certified teachers in Oklahoma where emergency certification has risen sharply. Findings indicate that emergency certified teachers articulate intrinsic motivations for entering the profession that are similar to those commonly identified by traditionally certified teachers. However, emergency certified teachers also report motivations that seemed to be markedly different, such as using teaching as a contingency employment option or wanting to test out the profession before committing to it. This study raises important policy questions about the use of emergency certification as a strategy for filling teaching vacancies.
Effect of surgery and chemotherapy on long-term survival in infants with congenital glioblastoma: an integrated survival analysis.

OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) during infancy is rare, and the clinical outcomes of congenital GBM are not well understood. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to present a long-term survivor case from the authors' institution, and establish an integrated cohort of cases across the published literature to better understand the clinical course of this disease in this setting. METHODS The authors report the outcomes of an institutional case of congenital GBM diagnosed within the first 3 months of life, and performed a comprehensive literature search for published cases from 2000 onward for an integrated survival analysis. All cases were integrated into 1 cohort, and Kaplan-Meier estimations, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were used to interrogate the data. RESULTS The integrated cohort of 40 congenital GBM cases consisted of 23 (58%) females and 17 (42%) males born at a median gestational age of 38 weeks (range 22-40 weeks). Estimates of overall survival (OS) at 1 month was 67%, at 1 year it was 59%, and at 10 years it was 45%, with statistically superior outcomes for subgroups in which patients survived to be treated by resection and chemotherapy. In the overall cohort, multivariable analysis confirmed resection (p 38 weeks (p < 0.01), Apgar scores ≥ 7 at 5 minutes (p < 0.01), absence of prenatal hydrocephalus (p < 0.01), and vaginal delivery (p < 0.01) were associated with greater odds of surgical diagnosis versus autopsy diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Congenital GBM can deviate from the expected poor prognosis of adult GBM in terms of OS. Both resection and chemotherapy confer statistically superior prognostic advantages in those patients who survive within the immediate postnatal period, and should be first-line considerations in the initial management of this rare disease.
JAFPT Continues to Increase Its Impact Factor

If you have visited the Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology website this summer, you might notice that the impact factor (IF) for JAFPT has made quite a substantive leap to 1.020! This is ne...
Reopening America’s Schools: A Descriptive Look at How States and Large School Districts are Navigating Fall 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic forced America’s public schools to close in the latter half of the 2019–20 school year. Schools’ reopening plans vary for 2020–21. We reviewed the reopening plans for all 50 s...
Reusable unit process life cycle inventory for manufacturing: metal injection molding

Unit process life cycle inventory (UPLCI) is a modeling approach that enables researchers to estimate the energy use and material flow for a unit process. UPLCI models can be reused in characterizing a full manufacturing line, where a wide range of machines and materials are used. As part of a collaborative effort from various universities and industry researchers to create UPLCI models for all common manufacturing processes, this paper presents UPLCI for the metal injection molding (MIM) process, which is in the mass conserving category of the taxonomy of manufacturing processes. In addition to the energy required for injection molding of the metal-polymer feedstock and for the subsequent debinding and sintering processes, the energy consumption during idle and standby periods are also captured. The application of the UPLCI model for MIM process is demonstrated using an example case study. This UPLCI model provides opportunity for researchers to estimate the energy use for a sequence of manufacturing processes used to make a metal injection molded product.
Hyperuniform disordered metal-insulator-metal gap plasmon metasurface near perfect light absorber

In this work, we first introduce hyperuniform disordered patterns to a metal-insulator-metal gap plasmon metasurface and demonstrate enhanced wideband light absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral region. Measurement of optical reflectance from fabricated periodic, hyperuniform disordered, and random pattern gap plasmon metasurface devices has revealed the origins of the two resonance modes of the gap plasmon metasurface structure: a localized gap plasmon resonance mode and a non-local guided optical resonance mode. The technique of using hyperuniform disordered patterns for investigating complex resonance modes of structured materials can be used for design of a variety of new metamaterials.
Design of High Voltage High Frame Rate Cine Flash Radiography System

A cine flash radiography system has been designed, constructed and applied to the study of mechanical impact trauma. The main system components are two Marx—surge high voltage pulsers and flash X—ray tubes, an X—ray image intensifier and a pin—registered framing camera. Two different X—ray pulsers are used, operating at 150 and 350 kVp respectively, in order to broaden the range of X—ray penetration and contrast available. The X—ray image intensifier uses an integral cesiumiodide input phosphor screen with high X—ray absorption and fast decay in order to increase quantum efficiency and to minimize image stacking at high frame rates. A pin—registered framing camera was selected because of its high optical efficiency and resolution. The camera provides a shutter correlation pulse which, following adjustable delay and amplification, serves to trigger the flash X—ray system. The design philosophy and system performance will be described.
Lake Vostok and Subglacial Lakes of Antarctica: Do They Host Life?

The study of subglacial lakes requires a multidisciplinary approach, because basic questions are addressed to life, Earth, atmosphere, and climate sciences. In view of the large geological time span, paleosciences are at the base of the study. The scientific objectives comprise (i) understanding formation and evolution of subglacial processes and environments; (ii) determining the existence, origins, evolution, and maintenance of life; and (iii) understanding limnology and paleoclimate history recorded in lake sediments. Novel responses to the environment are expected to be found in the lake systems, important end members for biodiversity and polar-community dynamics. The only information on living organisms in the Lake Vostok area is coming from the ice core. The findings are reported in several publications in issues of top journals of the past decade. Methane clathrates are known to exist at great marine depths, but their microbiological characterization is scanty; clathrates of other gases are even less known. Evidence from at least four independent laboratories indicates that accretion ice contains bacteria. The danger of irreversibly contaminating extraterrestrial bodies with biological material coming from Earth is an even major concern for space missions, and again, this calls for extreme care.
Consistent crystal plasticity kinematics and linearization for the implicit finite element method

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe several novel techniques for implementing a crystal plasticity (CP) material model in a large deformation, implicit finite element framework. Design/methodology/approach – Starting from the key kinematic assumptions of CP, the presentation develops the necessary CP correction terms to several common objective stress rates and the consistent linearization of the stress update algorithm. Connections to models for slip system hardening are isolated from these processes. Findings – A kinematically consistent implementation is found to require a correction to the stress update to include plastic vorticity developed by slip deformation in polycrystals. A simpler, more direct form for the algorithmic tangent is described. Several numerical examples demonstrate the capabilities and computational efficiency of the formulation. Research limitations/implications – The implementation assumes isotropic slip system hardening. With simple modifications, the described ap...
Langevin-Type Models II: Self-Targeting Candidates for MCMC Algorithms*

The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for estimating a distribution π is based on choosing a candidate Markov chain and then accepting or rejecting moves of the candidate to produce a chain known to have π as the invariant measure. The traditional methods use candidates essentially unconnected to π. We show that the class of candidate distributions, developed in Part I (Stramer and Tweedie 1999), which “self-target” towards the high density areas of π, produce Metropolis-Hastings algorithms with convergence rates that appear to be considerably better than those known for the traditional candidate choices, such as random walk. We illustrate this behavior for examples with exponential and polynomial tails, and for a logistic regression model using a Gibbs sampling algorithm. The detailed results are given in one dimension but we indicate how they may extend successfully to higher dimensions.
Explaining United States International Trade, 1870-1910

Wright (1990) presents evidence on the factor content of trade that indicates the United States tended to export goods that were raw materials intensive. Using factor per unit of output ratios derived from the United States Census of Manu-factures, we are able to supplement Wright's findings for the period 1870 to 1910, a period in which his results were not as conclusive as were his results for later periods. In addition to the female and child labor content of trade during this pe-riod, the Census data also allow us to examine a measure of the human capital con-tent of trade during the period 1870 to 1910. Net exports tended to be capital in-tensive relative to labor and materials. However, a complementary relationship existed between capital and materials relative to labor which resulted in a positive relationship between labor value per unit of output and net exports.
Oral T-cell lymphoma associated with celiac sprue: A case report

Celiac sprue, also called nontropical sprue, is a malabsorption syndrome with symptoms that are triggered mainly by gluten ingestion. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract has been reported in patients with a long history of celiac sprue. This case report describes the occurrence of primary oral lymphoma in such a patient. This case is unusual because lymphomas associated with celiac sprue usually develop in the small intestine or in the stomach, and primary lymphoma in the mouth is itself uncommon.
Diode lasers emitting at 3 μm with 300 mW of continuous-wave output power

Type-I double-quantum-well GaSb-based diode lasers operating at 3 mum with room-temperature continuous-wave output power above 300 mW and peak power-conversion efficiency near 8 were designed and fabricated. Laser heterostructure comprised quinary AlGaInAsSb alloy as barrier and waveguide material. Use of quinary alloy resulted in adequate hole confinement. The waveguide thickness was chosen to maximise modal differential gain. Continuous-wave threshold current density about 100 A/cm 2 per quantum-well and slope efficiency of 100 mW/A were demonstrated at 17degC.