cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in estimating land use and management impacts on soil organic carbon storage for US agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997

Uncertainty was quantified for an inventory estimating change in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage resulting from modifications in land use and management across US agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997. This inventory was conducted using a modified version of a carbon (C) accounting method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Probability density functions (PDFs) were derived for each input to the IPCC model, including reference SOC stocks, land use/management activity data, and management factors. Change in C storage was estimated using a Monte-Carlo approach with 50 000 iterations, by randomly selecting values from the PDFs after accounting for dependencies in the model inputs. Over the inventory period, mineral soils had a net gain of 10.8 Tg C yr−1, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 6.5 to 15.3 Tg C yr−1. Most of this gain was due to setting-aside lands in the Conservation Reserve Program. In contrast, managed organic soils lost 9.4 Tg C yr−1, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 6.4 to 13.3 Tg C yr−1. Combining these gains and losses in SOC, US agricultural soils accrued 1.3 Tg C yr−1 due to land use and management change, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from a loss of 4.4 Tg C yr−1 to a gain of 6.9 Tg C yr−1. Most of the uncertainty was attributed to management factors for tillage, land use change between cultivated and uncultivated conditions, and C loss rates from managed organic soils. Based on the uncertainty, we are not able to conclude with 95% confidence that change in US agricultural land use and management between 1982 and 1997 created a net C sink for atmospheric CO2.
Carrier drift-mobilities and solar cell models for amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon

Hole drift mobilities in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) are in the range of 10-3 to 1 cm2/Vs at room-temperature. These low drift mobilities establish corresponding hole mobility limits to the power generation and useful thicknesses of the solar cells. The properties of as-deposited a-Si:H nip solar cells are close to their hole mobility limit, but the corresponding limit has not been examined for nc-Si:H solar cells. We explore the predictions for nc-Si:H solar cells based on parameters and values estimated from hole drift-mobility and related measurements. The indicate that the hole mobility limit for nc-Si:H cells corresponds to an optimum intrinsic-layer thickness of 2-3 µm, whereas the best nc-Si:H solar cells (10% conversion efficiency) have thicknesses around 2 µm.
Giant attosecond fluctuations of local optical fields in disordered nanostructured media

We predict that local optical fields in disordered nanostructured systems (clusters, composites, and rough surfaces) experience giant fluctuations (chaotic changes similar to turbulence) at an attosecond temporal and nanometer spatial scale. These fluctuations are most pronounced for a femtosecond-pulse excitation. This predicted effect is especially important for ultrafast nonlinear phenomena.
Estimation of multimodal posterior distributions of chirp parameters with population Monte Carlo sampling

Chirp signals are usually encountered in target tracking problems including radar and sonar systems. The multimodality characterizing the distribution of the chirp signal parameters makes their estimation very challenging. In this paper we apply marginalized population Monte Carlo (MPMC) sampling to the problem of parameter estimation of chirp signals in noise. MPMC reduces the dimension of the vector of unknowns by marginalizing the complex amplitudes, which are conditionally linear on the chirp rates and frequencies. A Gibbs sampling scheme is combined with the MPMC method to further improve the performance. Computer simulations illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Power and Feminist Art (History)

The Power of Feminist Art: Emergence, Impact and Triumph of the American Feminist Art Movement edited by Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrard, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994, 320 pp., 118 col. plates, 127 b. & w. illus., £39.95
Analyzing Multiple Flows in a Wireless Network with Differential Equations and Differential Inclusions

A framework based on differential equations and differential inclusions (DEDI) for analyzing the throughput of random network coding in a wireless network has been proposed in [1]. In this paper, we extend this framework to further address the throughput when multiple multicast flows are simultaneously launched using an intersession coding scheme. The handiness, accuracy and power of the DEDI framework are demonstrated through its use in theoretical analysis and simulations.
Trading and Managing Stigma: Women’s Accounts of Breast Implant Surgery

Despite the popularity of cosmetic surgery and a decrease in medical risks associated with breast implant surgeries, there remains both social and cultural stigma attached to those who undergo the procedure. Although a variety of perspectives have been examined in research on cosmetic surgeries, sociological attention toward stigma and cosmetic surgery is underdeveloped. Through in-depth interviews of twenty women with breast implants, I explore stigma as it manifests in women’s accounts of breast implant surgery experiences, both pre and post surgery. Aligning with Goffman’s concept of stigma, for the study participants, breast implant surgery represents a motivation for reducing visibility of a physical stigma, and a consequence of making a stigmatized choice leading to character blemishes and tribal stigma. As they confront new stigmas post cosmetic surgery, women with breast implants engage in various stigma management strategies.
Ferroelectric Thin Films by sol-gel Processing

The sol-gel processing of ferroelectric thin films is being investigated at Battelle. The ferroelectric materials included in this study are PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT), and KNbO3. The sol-gel processing and crystallization of these films on fused silica, silicon, alumina, and single crystal SrTiO3 substrates is described. Sol-gel derived PbTiO3 thin films crystallized into the expected tetragonal perovskite structure when heated to 500 C and above. However, the crystallization of sol-gel PZT (20/80) thin films was found to be substratedependent. The heat-treated PZT films were amorphous when deposited on silica and silicon substrates. Crystalline perovskite PZT films were produced on alumina substrates, and epitaxial PZT films were produced on single-crystal SrTiO3. Heat treatment of sol-gel KNbO3 films on silicon and alumina substrates resulted in the crystallization of a variety of non-perovskite phases, but epitaxial growth of KNbO3 was observed on single crystal SrTiO3.
Towards an implementation of a knowledge-based system design and simulation environment

The paper discusses work in developing a prototype of an intelligent software environment to support system design and simulation activities. Knowledge-Based System Design and Multifaceted Modelling are foundational basis for the development. The paper briefly presents the basic tenets of the underlying methodologies. It then describes the current state of the implementation.
Low power and high performance circuit techniques for high fan-in dynamic gates

Domino keeper has to be upsized to keep the noise margin in high fan-in dynamic gates, which increases the power consumption and slows down the evaluation. We propose a four-phase non-full swing keeper design to solve this dilemma. Non-full swing switching at the keeper gate together with alleviated contention help to reduce power consumption and delay. Simulation of 16-input OR gate using 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS SPICE parameters shows that proposed keeper design can reduce power consumption and delay by 26% and 24%, respectively.
A stochastic analogue of Aubry-Mather theory*

In this paper, we discuss a stochastic analogue of Aubry-Mather theory in which a deterministic control problem is replaced by a controlled diffusion. We prove the existence of a minimizing measure (Mather measure) and discuss its main properties using viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Then we prove regularity estimates on viscosity solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation using the Mather measure. Finally, we apply these results to prove asymptotic estimates on the trajectories of controlled diffusions and study the convergence of Mather measures as the rate of diffusion vanishes.
Exclusive electrical determination of high-resistance grain-boundaries in poly-graphene

Single layer graphene (SLG), with high optical transparency and electrical conductivity, may potentially be used as flexible transparent electrode in photovoltaics, photo detectors, and flat panel displays. While its optical transmittance exceeds 95% (significantly better than most traditional materials), its sheet resistance (ρ poly-G ) must be reduced below 10–20Ω/□ for viable replacement of present Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCOs) like Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO). However, large scale CVD SLG is typically polycrystalline, consisting of many grains, with neighboring grains separated by high- and low-resistance grain boundaries (HGB and LGB), see Fig. 1 and 7. The HGBs severely limit the (percolating) electronic transport, so that ρ poly-G > 1000Ω/□. It is therefore important to determine the electronic nature and fraction of HGB to improve transport in polycrystalline SLG.
Serologic responses of Brucella abortus strain 19 calfhood-vaccinated cattle following adult vaccination with strain RB51.

This study was designed to determine if Brucella abortus strain RB51, which expresses small amounts of the lipopolysaccharide O side chain, would cause positive responses on brucellosis serologic surveillance tests when given to adult cattle that were vaccinated as calves with B. abortus strain 19. Cattle vaccinated as adults with strain RB51 that had been vaccinated as calves with strain 19 (n = 40) had significantly greater antibody titers (P < 0.05) against strain RB51 at 4 and 8 weeks postvaccination in the dot blot assay than did animals (n = 10) not vaccinated with strain RB51. When evaluated using the card or buffered acid plate agglutination presumptive tests, 7 strain RB51 vaccinates tested positive at either 4 or 8 weeks following vaccination as compared with 4 cattle in the control group that were not vaccinated with strain RB51. One strain RB51 vaccinate was scored as suspect on the standard tube agglutination (STA) test at 8 weeks following vaccination. Remaining samples from strain RB51 vacc...
Determination of oceanic ozone deposition by ship-borne eddy covariance flux measurements

Abstract. A fast response ozone analyzer based on the ozone-nitric oxide chemiluminescence method was integrated into the NOAA-ESRL flux system to achieve the first ship-borne, direct ozone flux measurements over the open ocean. Air was collected from an inlet at 18 m height over the ocean surface mounted to the bow-jackstaff and via a 30 m-long sampling line to the ozone instrument on the ship deck. A "puff" system was used for accurate and regular determination of the sample transport time (lag) between the inlet and the chemical analyzer. A Nafion-membrane dryer facilitated removal of fast water vapor fluctuations, which eliminated the need for quenching and density correction of the ozone signal. The sampling-analyzer system was found to have a ~0.25–0.40 s response time at a sensitivity of ~2800 counts s−1 per ppbv of ozone. Quality control and data filtering procedures for eliminating data that did not meet measurement requirements were critically evaluated. The new ozone flux system was deployed aboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, and evaluated using results obtained during several research cruises off the coasts of the North and South America continents, yielding ozone deposition velocities (mean ± standard error) ranging from 0.009±0.001 cm s−1 to 0.24±0.020 cm s−1.
MB-33THE CRITICAL ROLE OF OLIG2-EXPRESSING PROGENITORS IN THE INITIATION OF G-PROTEIN MEDIATED SONIC HEDGEHOG-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA.

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant childhood brain tumor, exhibits distinct molecular subtypes and cellular origins. Genetic alterations driving medulloblastoma initiation and progression remain poorly understood. Recently we identify GNAS, encoding the G-protein Gsα, as a potent tumor suppressor gene that defines a subset of aggressive Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-driven human medulloblastomas. Ablation of the single Gnas gene in anatomically-distinct progenitors is sufficient to induce Shh-associated medulloblastomas, which recapitulate their human counterparts. Gsα is highly enriched at the primary cilium of granule neuron precursors and suppresses Shh-signaling by regulating both the cAMP-dependent pathway and ciliary trafficking of Hedgehog pathway components. Elevation of a Gsα effector, cAMP, effectively inhibits tumor cell proliferation and progression in Gnas mutants. Furthermore, we identify a population of Olig2-expressing progenitor cells are the major source of tumor-propagating cells. Deletion of Olig2 leads to a delay of tumor progression. Eliminating the mitotic Olig2-expression inhibits tumor initiation. Thus, our present studies identify a previously unrecognized tumor suppressor function for Gsα that acts as a molecular link across Shh-group medulloblastomas of disparate cellular and anatomical origins, and reveal that Olig2-expressing progenitors are the critical cell origin of G-protein-mediated SHH subgroup medulloblastoma, illuminating potential therapeutic avenues for SHH medulloblastoma by targeting G-protein and Olig2-expressing glial progenitors.
Turing pattern formation in a two-layer system: Superposition and superlattice patterns

Turing patterns in the chlorine dioxide--iodine--malonic acid reaction are studied in a system consisting of two coupled gel layers. Patterns with two wavelengths are observed. Changing the strength of the interlayer coupling causes a transition between a superposition of Turing patterns and a superlattice pattern. The effects of the reactant concentrations on the pattern wavelengths are delineated.
Microbiological oxidation of antimony(III) with oxygen or nitrate by bacteria isolated from contaminated mine sediments.

ABSTRACT Bacterial oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] is a well-studied and important biogeochemical pathway that directly influences the mobility and toxicity of arsenic in the environment. In contrast, little is known about microbiological oxidation of the chemically similar anion antimonite [Sb(III)]. In this study, two bacterial strains, designated IDSBO-1 and IDSBO-4, which grow on tartrate compounds and oxidize Sb(III) using either oxygen or nitrate, respectively, as a terminal electron acceptor, were isolated from contaminated mine sediments. Both isolates belonged to the Comamonadaceae family and were 99% similar to previously described species. We identify these novel strains as Hydrogenophagataeniospiralis strain IDSBO-1 and Variovorax paradoxus strain IDSBO-4. Both strains possess a gene with homology to the aioA gene, which encodes an As(III)-oxidase, and both oxidize As(III) aerobically, but only IDSBO-4 oxidized Sb(III) in the presence of air, while strain IDSBO-1 could achieve this via nitrate respiration. Our results suggest that expression of aioA is not induced by Sb(III) but may be involved in Sb(III) oxidation along with an Sb(III)-specific pathway. Phylogenetic analysis of proteins encoded by the aioA genes revealed a close sequence similarity (90%) among the two isolates and other known As(III)-oxidizing bacteria, particularly Acidovorax sp. strain NO1. Both isolates were capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth using As(III) as a primary electron donor, and strain IDSBO-4 exhibited incorporation of radiolabeled [14C]bicarbonate while oxidizing Sb(III) from Sb(III)-tartrate, suggesting possible Sb(III)-dependent autotrophy. Enrichment cultures produced the Sb(V) oxide mineral mopungite and lesser amounts of Sb(III)-bearing senarmontite as precipitates.
Mutated Pathways as a Guide to Adjuvant Therapy Treatments for Breast Cancer

Adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery generally consists of either a course of chemotherapy, if the cancer lacks hormone receptors, or a course of hormonal therapy, otherwise. Here, we report a correlation between adjuvant strategy and mutated pathway patterns. In particular, we find that for breast cancer patients, pathways enriched in nonsynonymous mutations in the chemotherapy group are distinct from those of the hormonal therapy group. We apply a recently developed method that identifies collaborative pathway groups for hormone and chemotherapy patients. A collaborative group of pathways is one in which each member is altered in the same-generally large-number of samples. In particular, we find the following: (i) a chemotherapy group consisting of three pathways and a hormone therapy group consisting of 20, the members of the two groups being mutually exclusive; (ii) each group is highly enriched in breast cancer drivers; and (iii) the pathway groups are correlates of subtype-based therapeutic recommendations. These results suggest that patient profiling using these pathway groups can potentially enable the development of personalized treatment plans that may be more accurate and specific than those currently available.
Simple bioconjugate chemistry serves great clinical advances: albumin as a versatile platform for diagnosis and precision therapy

Albumin is the most abundant circulating protein in plasma and has recently emerged as a versatile protein carrier for drug targeting and for improving the pharmacokinetic profile of peptide or protein based drugs. Three drug delivery technologies related to albumin have been developed, which include the coupling of low-molecular weight drugs to exogenous or endogenous albumin, conjugating bioactive proteins by albumin fusion technology (AFT), and encapsulation of drugs into albumin nanoparticles. This review article starts with a brief introduction of human serum albumin (HSA), and then summarizes the mainstream chemical strategies of developing HSA binding molecules for coupling with drug molecules. Moreover, we also concisely condense the recent progress of the most important clinical applications of HSA-binding platforms, and specify the current challenges that need to be met for a bright future of HSA-binding.
A new immunohistochemistry prognostic score (IPS) for recurrence and survival in resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) is a neoplastic entity in which few prognostic factors are well-known. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of N-myc downstream-regulated gen-1 (NDRG-1), O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 3 (PHLDA-3) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation analysis in 92 patients with resected PanNET and follow-up longer than 24 months. In multivariate analyses, ki-67 and our immunohistochemistry prognostic score (IPS-based on MGMT, NDRG-1 and PHLDA-3 IHC expression) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free-survival (DFS), while age and IPS were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Our IPS could be a useful prognostic biomarker for recurrence and survival in patients following resection for PanNET.
Two dimensions of self-esteem: Reciprocal effects of positive self-worth and self-deprecation on adolescent problems.

The presumed relationship between adolescent's self-esteem and the occurrence of social problems is a recurring theme in academic and public discourse. Evidence for this relationship is limited by an overreliance on global measures of self-esteem that combine positive and negative self-evaluations in a single measure. My study uses this prior research on the relationship of global measures of self-esteem to adolescent social problems as a comparative reference point for an analysis of the link between negative and positive self-worth and youth problems. Using nonrecursive linear structural equation models and data from the Youth in Transition study, I compare the reciprocal interrelations of self-deprecation (negative self-evaluations), positive self-worth (positive selfevaluations), and global self-esteem (which includes both positive and negative evaluations) on high school grades, depression, and delinquency. Ifind that when self-deprecation and positive self-worth measures are employed, nuances are revealed that were previously overlooked in studies relying exclusively on global self-esteem. For example, I find a powerful reciprocal causal relationship between self-deprecation and depression and an effect of self-deprecation and positive self-worth on grades in school. These findings encourage theoretical developments of a bidimensional construct to measure selfesteem that includes, in particular, self-deprecation.
Massive hemorrhage from unsuspected pseudoaneurysm within an ulcer following "Roux-en-Y" gastric bypass.

Massive Hemorrhage from Unsuspected Pseudoaneurysm Within an Ulcer following “Roux-en-Y” Gastric Bypass
Numerical Simulation of Twin-Roll Casting Magnesium Alloy Strip Process

Based on the characteristics of vertical type twin-roll casting process,the finite element method was used to analyze the three-dimensional steady conservation equations for transport phenomena in the pool region of the twin-roll strip casting for the magnesium alloy. The smart-sizing algorithm of ANSYS software was used to divide finite element mesh,and the coupled simulations of temperature field,velocity field and the solidification process in the molten pool were performed.The effects of main control parameters,such as the casting speed,pouring temperature on the flow field,temperature field and the final point of solidification in the molten pool,were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of the pouring temperature and the casting speed, the temperature at the exit of the molten pool increases and the final point of solidification moves toward the exit. On the basis of the simulation results,the optimized process parameters of twin-roll casting process for Mg alloy are also given as: the pouring temperature is in 640 ~ 660 ℃ and the casting speed is in 20 ~ 30 m / min.
Research on Identification Technology of Significant Hazard Source for Inflammable Liquid

This paper points out the deficiencies of"identification of major hazard installations"(GB18218-2000),and based on inflammble liquid,says that it is lack of the mathematical theory only by a flash point to determine it's the thold quantity.Many indicators are categorized by two cluster analysis methods,the representative indicators are selected from each category and in accordance with gasoline equivalent,the risks are accurately reflected from the prone and dangerous energy of dangerous substances,which lays a theoretical foundation for further improvement of"Identification of Major Hazard Installations"(GB18218-2000).
E-learning and e-pedagogy: how do we know it works?

In response to market pressures and budgetary constraints, e-pedagogy is becoming more widely accepted as an important instructional model in higher education. As more institutions of higher learning offer online courses, the focus on e-learning increases, as do concerns about how to measure e-learning. This paper reports on the results of two mixed-methods studies conducted at Robert Morris University, the first in 2006 and the second in 2007. Both studies compared instructional formats with regard to student learning and student satisfaction using the same course taught both online and in the classroom. Instructional components were the same except for the format. In each study, the same professor taught the same course, using the same textbook, syllabus and assessments. The first study found no statistically significant differences between the two modes of instruction in either student learning or student satisfaction with the learning experience. Online delivery compared favorably with classroom delivery. However, the second study did find statistically significant differences in two elements of student satisfaction: 1) with the instructor and, 2) with the course structure. In both cases, online instruction compared less favorably to classroom instruction. Yet, in both studies, learning was greater in the online format.
Studies of a low noise, laser actuated superconducting switch

A SQUID is the most sensitive magnetometer available. The sensitivity is limited by the intrinsic noise which is white at high frequencies and increases inversely with frequency below a frequency called the 1/f knee. The sensitivity above the 1/f knee is typically better than 10−10GHz−1/2, but below the 1/f knee it can be orders of magnitude worse. This is a serious problem for those measurements which are intrinsically low frequency or dc; for them it is important to circumvent the 1/f noise. A well-known technique for reducing amplifier noise is applied schematically to a SQUID in Fig. 1.1 The low frequency signal is modulated at a frequency above the 1/f knee. The SQUID sees a high frequency signal and in amplification adds white noise rather than 1/f noise. The signal from the SQUID is then demodulated, recovering the original signal. This scheme requires a high speed, low noise superconducting switch. We have developed and tested such a switch.
Attack-resilient measurement design methodology for State Estimation to increase robustness against cyber attacks

Traditional measurement design problem in State Estimation provides a strategy for optimal placement of meters to ensure the overall system observability under possible single contingencies and loss of measurements. However, with the increased interconnectivity and exposure to public network infrastructures, the SCADA network is highly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber attacks that could potentially cause loss of meter data integrity or availability across multiple substations. It has been shown that the state estimates can be biased by malicious adversaries through carefully chosen topology manipulations or false data injections. State Estimators typically use various approximate pseudo-measurements to handle cases where SCADA data does not provide total system observability. However, a loss of State Estimator accuracy when the system is operating under severe stress could cause the operator to take incorrect decisions. Therefore, it is extremely important to consider the system operating conditions, possibility of several types of contingencies and loss of measurements beyond existing assumptions in the measurement design problem to make the state estimator resilient to different types of cyber attacks.
Robotic and Laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes Dismembered Pyeloplasty: A Practical Approach

Laparoscopic and robotic pyeloplasty can be performed effectively and reproducibly by using approaches and techniques as we describe herein. Availability of robotics may be especially useful to obviate the need to perfect complex suturing technique and for more technically challenging procedures such as secondary pyeloplasty.
The Representation of Altruistic and Egoistic Motivations in Children’s TV Programming

A content analysis of children’s television examined the frequency with which behaviors were (a) driven by altruistic versus egoistic motivations, (b) performed by affable/surly characters, (c) rewarded/punished, and (d) present in content popular among different age groups (2–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years old). We found that portrayal patterns stressed the importance of egoistic motivations (particularly competence, autonomy, and relatedness) for older children. The findings are interpreted in line with logic underlying the model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME; Tamborini, 2013), suggesting that media representations can influence the motivations of their viewers.
High efficiency selective emissive material based on SiO: a computational design

For the purpose of improving the radiative cooling power of spectral selective radiating material, we propose new high efficient materials by computer simulation. In this simulation, stacked multilayer system and/or mixed material system are used. With these systems, high radiative cooling power and the radiative cooling even in the daytime can be realized.
Isoproterenol stimulates aqueous flow in humans with Horner's syndrome

Topical 1 percent isoproterenol in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline was tested for its ability to stimulate the rate of aqueous humor flow through the anterior chamber of the normal and the partially adrenergically denervated human eye (Horner's syndrome). Both the affected eye and the unaffected eye were observed to have lower flows at night than during the day. Isoproterenol had no significant effect on flow during the day in normal eyes or in Horner's syndrome, but during sleep this beta-adrenergic agonist increased flow in the normal eye by 34% and in the Horner's eye by 50%. We interpret the results as indicating that beta-adrenergic activity in the human eye can stimulate aqueous formation under some conditions. However, the observed stimulation could have been due to something other than increased beta-adrenergic activity in the ciliary epithelium.
Cochlear Microphonic and Summating Potential Responses from Click-Evoked Auditory Brain Stem Responses in High-Risk and Normal Infants.

Background Examination of cochlear and neural potentials is necessary to assess sensory and neural status in infants, especially those cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) who have high rates of hyperbilirubinemia and thus are at risk for auditory neuropathy (AN). Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether recording parameters commonly used in click-evoked auditory brain stem response (ABR) are useful for recording cochlear microphonic (CM) and Wave I in infants at risk for AN. Specifically, we analyzed CM, summating potential (SP), and Waves I, III, and V. The overall aim was to compare latencies and amplitudes of evoked responses in infants cared for in NICUs with infants in a well-baby nursery (WBN), both of which passed newborn hearing screening. Research design This is a prospective study in which infants who passed ABR newborn hearing screening were grouped based on their birth history (WBN and NICU). All infants had normal hearing status when tested with diagnostic ABR at about one month of age, corrected for prematurity. Study sample Thirty infants (53 ears) from the WBN [mean corrected age at test = 5.0 weeks (wks.)] and thirty-two infants (59 ears) from the NICU (mean corrected age at test = 5.7 wks.) with normal hearing were included in this study. In addition, two infants were included as comparative case studies, one that was diagnosed with AN and another case that was diagnosed with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Data collection and analysis Diagnostic ABR, including click and tone-burst air- and bone-conduction stimuli were recorded. Peak Waves I, III, and V; SP; and CM latency and amplitude (peak to trough) were measured to determine if there were differences in ABR and electrocochleography (ECochG) variables between WBN and NICU infants. Results No significant group differences were found between WBN and NICU groups for ABR waveforms, CM, or SP, including amplitude and latency values. The majority (75%) of the NICU group had hyperbilirubinemia, but overall, they did not show evidence of effects in their ECochG or ABR responses when tested at about one-month corrected age. These data may serve as a normative sample for NICU and well infant ECochG and ABR latencies at one-month corrected age. Two infant case studies, one diagnosed with AN and another with SNHL demonstrated the complexity of using ECochG and otoacoustic emissions to assess the risk of AN in individual cases. Conclusions CM and SPs can be readily measured using standard click stimuli in both well and NICU infants. Normative ranges for latency and amplitude are useful for interpreting ECochG and ABR components. Inclusion of ECochG and ABR tests in a test battery that also includes otoacoustic emission and acoustic reflex tests may provide a more refined assessment of the risks of AN and SNHL in infants.
C.K. Claridge, Inc.

Sued for patent infringement, chemical manufacturer C.K. Claridge tries to design a settlement strategy taking into account a decision analysis of litigating v. negotiating. The plaintiffs are the patent holder and its sole licensee, who is also a CKC competitor. (This case is a revised, alternative version of "C.K. Coolidge, Inc. (Abridged)," HBS No. 607-006.) Learning Objective: Analyze the most useful analysis to craft negotiating strategy and tactics.
Second-Order Admittance in Squid Axon

The electrical behavior of nerve membranes can be divided into linear and nonlinear domains based on the response of the membrane to an external stimulus. Although the normal activity of the membrane is nonlinear, some properties of the membrane can be approximated by linear circuit elements if the external stimulus is small. This quasilinear behavior of membranes is described completely by the membrane’s impedance.
Closed-Loop Fluid Management and Hemodynamic Optimization

Closed-loop fluid administration and hemodynamic management is not a new idea, but only in recent years have monitoring systems advanced to the point where closed-loop control is truly feasible for clinical applications. An overview of hemodynamic management strategies precedes a detailed examination of various hemodynamic parameters and their value in a closed-loop system. Appropriateness of different control schemes for fluid administration and hemodynamic management is then covered, along with an overview of regulatory considerations and the published literature.
Preparation of yttria-dtabilized nanocrystalline zirconia with tunable optical properties

We present a systematic study investigating yttria dopant concentrations effects on crystal phase compositions of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and the respective bulk optical properties. (ZrO2), a traditional structural ceramic possesses excellent mechanical properties, while simultaneously possessing a wide band gap (5-7eV). This combination of properties opens the door for designs and fabrication of transparent structural ceramics. We use Current-Assisted Pressure Activated Densification (CAPAD), to achieve high heating rates, and comparatively short hold-times, which leads to ceramics with very fine grain sizes. This affords the opportunity to investigate, the effects of yttria dopant concentration on the resultant microstructure (grain size, phases and phase ratios).
How to Talk to IT about Digital Preservation

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the Journal of Archival Organization on November 20, 2018, available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15332748.2018.1528827
Submarine groundwater discharge in an anthropogenically disturbed, semi-arid estuary

Abstract Quantification of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) remains a challenge due to its large spatial and temporal variability exacerbated by natural heterogeneity (e.g., climatic conditions and hydrogeologic settings) and anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., dredging, oil/gas extraction, and oil-field brine discharges). This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of SGD during different hydroclimatic conditions in a semi-arid, anthropogenically disturbed estuary using Darcy’s law (i.e., fresh/terrestrial SGD) and radon (222Rn, total SGD) and radium (226Ra, saline/recirculated SGD) isotope mass balances. Continuous electrical resistivity imaging and 222Rn surveys revealed potential subsurface influences on SGD with the highest SGD rates in areas with sandier substrates and near transitions from low hydraulic conductivity to higher hydraulic conductivity bottom sediments. Darcy estimates ranged over two orders of magnitude and were slightly higher following the flooding recession (0.09–8.28 m·d−1) than following a period of low precipitation (−0.02–7.84 m·d−1). Mobile continuous 222Rn estimates (0.79–1.81 m·d−1) support higher and more variable SGD rates, similar trends to those previously reported from time-series 222Rn measurements (0.13–3.85 m·d−1 across seasons). Radium-226 derived SGD (1.3 × 10−2–2.7 × 10−2 m·d−1 using the average groundwater endmember) fall short of 222Rn-derived SGD due to inability to account for radium tracer reactivity within the sediment. However, local Darcy estimates agree well with the range of 222Rn, likely due to the steeper gradients near shore. Radium activity ratios and SGD rates reflect mixing of shallow and deep groundwater beneath the bay, likely due to anthropogenic disturbances with a greater influence from deep groundwater 3–6 months following major precipitation events. This study strongly suggests that semi-arid systems receive significant SGD, which in highly anthropogenically disturbed systems are derived from both shallower and deeper groundwater flowpaths and lag the climatic conditions by weeks (shallow inputs) and months or longer (deeper inputs).
Cerebrovascular reactivity mapping using intermittent breath modulation.

Abstract Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an index of brain vessel’s dilatory capacity, is typically measured using hypercapnic gas inhalation or breath-holding as a vasoactive challenge. However, these methods require considerable subject cooperation and could be challenging in clinical studies. More recently, there have been attempts to use resting-state BOLD data to map CVR by utilizing spontaneous changes in breathing pattern. However, in subjects who have small fluctuations in their spontaneous breathing pattern, the CVR results could be noisy and unreliable. In this study, we aim to develop a new method for CVR mapping that does not require gas-inhalation yet provides substantially higher sensitivity than resting-state CVR mapping. This new method is largely based on resting-state scan, but introduces intermittent modulation of breathing pattern in the subject to enhance fluctuations in their end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) level. Here we examined the comfort level, sensitivity, and accuracy of this method in two studies. First, in 8 healthy young subjects, we developed the intermittent breath-modulation method using two different modulation frequencies, 6 ​s per breath and 12 ​s per breath, respectively, and compared the results to three existing CVR methods, specifically hypercapnic gas inhalation, breath-holding, and resting-state. Our results showed that the comfort level of the 6-s breath-modulation method was significantly higher than breath-holding (p ​= ​0.007) and CO2-inhalation (p ​= ​0.015) methods, while not different from the resting-state, i.e. free breathing method (p ​= ​0.52). When comparing the sensitivity of CVR methods, the breath-modulation methods revealed higher Z-statistics compared to the resting-state scan (p ​
1973: Memories of a Lesbian Body – Reading Monique Wittig's Le Corps lesbien through Deleuze and Guattari's le corps sans organes

This article reads Monique Wittig's Le Corps lesbien (1973) through Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of le corps sans organes (the body without organs; BwO) and devenir-femme, devenir-animal (becomi...
Pain Rating Schema in Individuals with Fibromyalgia versus Pain-free Adults

Quantifying pain intensity using a numerical rating scale is a well validated means for assessing the subjective perception of pain. A cognitive framework to interpret and characterize a concept is referred to as a schema. The schema used to conceptualize pain rating can vary, potentially through assimilation of new experiences and information. Thus, whether pain-rating schema differ systematically between those with chronic pain and pain-free individuals is unknown. Secondary analysis of a survey dataset were used to compare pain rating schema across individuals with various forms of chronic pain (n= 785) and pain-free adults (n=451). Schema were assessed using 6 items from the Pain Severity Questionnaire (Frey Law, et al 2014), as part of a larger study. Mean ratings (0 – 10 scale, allowing 0.5 intervals) for 2 common hypothetical pain conditions: mild, moderate, and severe headache and joint pain. Differences and percent reduction between severities were assessed between subgroups, based on type nad number of pain co-morbidities. Patients with FM, with or without multiple pain co-morbidities reported higher pain ratings than pain-free individuals across mild, moderate and severe conditions by approximately 1 out of 10 (p
Impacts of Asset Utilization, Market Competition and Market Distance on Stock Returns

To empirically study the effects of asset utilization, market competition and market distance on stock returns of 1961 US public firms of different industry categories over 2001-2015. The heterogeneous panel data set consists of 23,532 (N= 1961*T= 15) observations. Pedroni’s panel co-integration, panel vector errorcorrection model (PVECM), panel dynamic OLS (PDOLS), and panel generalized method of moments (PGMM) are implemented. Both asset utilization and market competition have short-run and long-run positive effects on stock returns. But the effects of market distance are negative. The evidence for convergence toward the long-run equilibrium is very weak. Firms should be strategic to improve asset utilization, be more competitive and expand market distance to maximize stockholders’ wealth.
On the Performance of MAPbI 3 in the Space Environment

We show that a MAPbI 3 film that was encapsulated has survived the space environment on the International Space Station for a total of approximately 10 months on orbit with little to no chemical degradation. This effort is part of our ongoing efforts to determine the feasibility of MAPbI 3 -bearing solar cells for space applications. This sample was part of the thirteenth flight of the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE-13), which flew from mid-March, 2020 until mid-January, 2021. We determined the robustness of the material through the use of transmission spectrophotometry. To our knowledge this report represents the longest known flight in space of a MAPbI 3 film.
Stratification of sedation risk – a challenge to the sedation continuum

We detail the limitations of the current paradigm of the sedation continuum - a tool ubiquitous to all sedation care settings and now a quarter century old. Definitions in this existing taxonomy are based on patient responsiveness to verbal and/or tactile stimuli, and the inherent subjectivity of this focus has both challenged the reliable assessment of adverse event risk and precluded clear delineation of sedation boundaries, e.g., what is the dividing line between moderate and deep sedation? We present the rationale to support a broadening of this sedation continuum precept to include an objective mechanism to predict the ongoing risk of serious adverse events, and then propose sequential steps for the development of such a restructured framework. This process, while ambitious, would yield a clear and consistent language to facilitate quality assurance, provide an objective framework for standardized sedationist training and credentialing, and permit inclusion into computerized decision-support algorithms to facilitate more precise sedative delivery. It is important to clearly delineate this goal now to permit design and initiation of the requisite research.
The Mosaic Law in Christian Perspective

When Jesus spoke of fulfilling the law and the prophets, he was referring to the Mosaic law, nearly all of which is in the four books we consider in this Article: Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In an effort to discern the Mosaic law’s guidance for contemporary secular law, we first place it in covenantal perspective and identify three of its key concerns: God’s nature, as revealed in Scripture; the nature of Israel; and the role of the land. After summarizing the regulation in the four books under consideration and noting a few of its characteristics, we conclude by discussing a few possible implications of a Christian perspective on the Mosaic law for contemporary criminal law; economic and commercial law; and the fraught issues of marriage, divorce and sexuality.
Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication

Abstract Two major virus-specific RNA species (23 S, 16 S) were resolved in the cytoplasm of cultured human (KB) cells early after infection (2–6 hr) with adenovirus (Ad) type 2. Detectable quantities of 23 S and 16 S virus-specific RNA species were not transcribed during the first 2 hr of infection but both species were synthesized in the same relative amounts at 2 to 4 hr and 4 to 6 hr after infection. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide during the first 6 hr of infection stimulates the synthesis of early virus-specific RNA 5-fold and increases the relative amount of a virus-specific RNA species (26–28 S) normally present in minor quantities. The same early virus-specific RNA sequences are synthesized in either the presence or absence of early protein synthesis and hence constitute a single class of RNA molecules whose transcription is not dependent upon virus specific early proteins. Virus-specific RNA in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Ad 2 transformed rat cells is heterogeneous in molecular weight with sedimentation values of 10–30 S in the cytoplasm and 4–45 S in the nucleus and may represent RNA molecules containing both host cell and viral nucleotide sequences.
The Scrapbook in American Life

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2006 Pages: 344 Publisher: Temple University Press ISBN: 1-59213-477-7 (hard cover). Prices: $69.50 USD(hard cover).
Identifying and tracking attacks on networks: C3I displays and related technologies

Converged network security is extremely challenging for several reasons; expanded system and technology perimeters, unexpected feature interaction, and complex interfaces all conspire to provide hackers with greater opportunities for compromising large networks. Preventive security services and architectures are essential, but in and of themselves do not eliminate all threat of compromise. Attack management systems mitigate this residual risk by facilitating incident detection, analysis and response. There are a wealth of attack detection and response tools for IP networks, but a dearth of such tools for wireless and public telephone networks. Moreover, methodologies and formalisms have yet to be identified that can yield a common model for vulnerabilities and attacks in converged networks. A comprehensive attack management system must coordinate detection tools for converged networks, derive fully-integrated attack and network models, perform vulnerability and multi-stage attack analysis, support large-scale attack visualization, and orchestrate strategic responses to cyber attacks that cross network boundaries. We present an architecture that embodies these principles for attack management. The attack management system described engages a suite of detection tools for various networking domains, feeding real-time attack data to a comprehensive modeling, analysis and visualization subsystem. The resulting early warning system not only provides network administrators with a heads-up cockpit display of their entire network, it also supports guided response and predictive capabilities for multi-stage attacks in converged networks.
Comparison of semikinetic and generalized transport models of the polar wind

A comparison has been made, in as consistent a manner as possible, of a transport (bi-Maxwellian based 16-moment equations) and a semikinetic description of the terrestrial polar wind. The comparison shows a remarkably close agreement in the corresponding predictions for the altitude variation of the density, drift velocity, parallel and perpendicular (to B) temperatures, and the flow of parallel and perpendicular thermal energies. This close agreement provides further evidence that the bi-Maxwellian based transport equations are a powerful tool for studying thermal space plasmas that develop non-Maxwellian features.