cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existence and non-existence results for ground states of quasilinear elliptic equations

We consider the quasilinear equation introduced by Chipot & Weissler, $$\Delta u + u^p - |\nabla u|^q = 0 in R^n ,$$ (I) in Rn where p and q are given positive exponents and n≧3. Of particular interest is the question of existence and non-existence of radial ground states, that is, non-negative, non-trivial radial solutions defined for all r≧0. Using shooting methods, general Poincare inequalities, and Pohožaev-Pucci-Serrin type iden-tities, we establish existence if either (i) p>l, (ii) p=l, q<p, (iii) p<l, $$(i) p > l, (ii)p = l, q < p, (iii)p < l, q < \frac{{2p}}{{p + 1}}$$ where l is the critical value (n+2)/(n-2). On the other hand, putting l1=n/ (n − 2), we show that if either $$(i) q\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{ \geqslant } \frac{{2p}}{{p + 1}} , 0 \frac{{2p}}{{p + 1}}, 1\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{ \leqslant } p\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{ \leqslant } l_1 , (iii)q\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{ \geqslant } \bar q, l_1 < p\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{ \leqslant } l,$$ , then radial ground states for (I) cannot exist, where ¯q is a function of p and n such that 2p/(p+1)<¯q<p for l1<p<l and ¯q=p for p=l.
955 LARYNGEAL INDUCED APNEA IN THE CHEMODENERVATED PIGLET

Laryngeal instillation of certain fluids in the piglet elicits reflex apnea, bradycardia, and hypertension. Chemosensitive receptors at the laryngeal entrance have their afferent pathway in the superior laryngeal nerve. Their stimulation may cause asphyxial death often in the newborn, but rarely in the older piglet. We studied the influence of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in modulating laryngeal responses in air-breathing pentobarbital-anesthetized newborn (N=9, age 7.0±0.9d) and older piglets (N=9, age 37.8±4.9d). The change in minute ventilation of exposure to 10% 02 in N2 was 19.3±10.6% (NS) in the newborn and 29.4±11.2% (p<.05) in the older piglets. Pure oxygen transiently depressed ventilation by 53.1±5.1% (p<.001) in the newborn and 51.4±6.3% (p<.001) in the older piglets, indicating that the peripheral chemoreceptors are fully active in the newborn. The duration of the net apnea (water minus saline) was similar in the intact newborn, 9.27±1.48 sec (p<.001) and older piglet,9.73±1.23 sec (p<.001). Carotid chemodenervation abolished the ventilatory response to oxygen but had negligible effect on the duration of laryngeal apnea. We conclude that recovery of spontaneous respiration after laryngeal induced apnea is independent of peripheral chemoreceptor activity. Our findings may have relevance to the clinical problem of sudden infant death, in which pathological abnormalities of the carotid body have recently been described.
Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease

Untreated sleep apnea is a risk factor for hypertension, and CPAP treatment effects a blood pressure reduction comparable to that of pharmacologic monotherapy. Nevertheless, many current papers addressing the rapid increase in prevalence of hypertension and purporting to outline its management do not mention looking for or treating sleep apnea as a strategy. In addition to hypertension, virtually every adverse cardiovascular condition has been strongly associated with sleep disordered breathing in cross-sectional studies. There are also small prospective studies of the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Further, treatment studies show improvement or reduced risk of most cardiovascular sequelae of SDB with CPAP treatment. Beyond hypertension, which is well established, the strongest relationships between SDB and cardiovascular disease appear to be with congestive heart failure and bradyarrhythmias. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these relationships and to further delineate the risk.
Synthesis, utilization and degradation of lactose operon mRNA in Escherichia coli

Abstract The action of inducer, and the kinetics of transcription, utilization, and degradation of lactose operon messenger RNA have been studied. Cells of Escherichia coli were made sensitive to actinomyein by brief treatment with EDTA, and then induced. The levels of β-galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase were assayed at various times before and after the termination of induction by removal of inducer or addition of actinomyein. The results support the following conclusions. 1. (1) β-Galactosidase messenger RNA and transacetylase messenger RNA are degraded at approximately the same rate. If it is assumed that this operon produces a polycistronic messenger, then both ends are degraded at approximately the same rate. 2. (2) Inducer does not affect the rate of translation or the rate of degradation of β-galactosidase messenger RNA. 3. (3) After induction, 2.5 minutes (at 30 °C) are required for β-galactosidase induction to become insensitive to actinomyein. A total of four minutes is required for transacetylase induction to become insensitive to actinomyein. These results suggest that inducer action and the transcription of β-galactosidase take 2.5 minutes, while an additional 1.5 minutes is required to complete transcription of the entire operon. 4. (4) After the appropriate cistron has been transcribed, the remaining events culminating in appearance of either β-galactosidase or transacetylase take approximately 1.5 to 2 minutes. The results suggest that synthesis of β-galactosidase proceeds while transacetylase messenger RNA is still being formed. If this messenger RNA is polycistronic, it can be postulated that it is transcribed, translated and degraded simultaneously.
Real-time image-based rigid registration of three-dimensional ultrasound.

Registration of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) volumes is necessary in several applications, such as when stitching volumes to expand the field of view or when stabilizing a temporal sequence of volumes to cancel out motion of the probe or anatomy. Current systems that register 3DUS volumes either use external tracking systems (electromagnetic or optical), which add expense and impose limitations on acquisitions, or are image-based methods that operate offline and are incapable of providing immediate feedback to clinicians. This paper presents a real-time image-based algorithm for rigid registration of 3DUS volumes designed for acquisitions in which small probe displacements occur between frames. Described is a method for feature detection and descriptor formation that takes into account the characteristics of 3DUS imaging. Volumes are registered by determining a correspondence between these features. A global set of features is maintained and integrated into the registration, which limits the accumulation of registration error. The system operates in real-time (i.e. volumes are registered as fast or faster than they are acquired) by using an accelerated framework on a graphics processing unit. The algorithm’s parameter selection and performance is analyzed and validated in studies which use both water tank and clinical images. The resulting registration accuracy is comparable to similar feature-based registration methods, but in contrast to these methods, can register 3DUS volumes in real-time.
Neptune’s rotational period suggested by the extraordinary stability of two features

Abstract The interior rotation and motions in giant planets have generally been probed only at radio wavelengths from spacecraft near the planet, except for Jupiter’s radio emission detectable from Earth. Here I suggest that Neptune’s interior can be indirectly probed at visible wavelength by tracking 10 features that are connected with a stationary latitudinal speed pattern of 7 m/s amplitude. All 10 features remained aligned at the same longitude throughout the Voyager observation period in 1989. Two of them, the South Polar Wave and South Polar Feature, have been observed from Earth for ∼20 years, but their extraordinary rotational stability was never recognized. They probably pinpoint Neptune’s rotational period (15.9663 ± 0.0002 h), one of the largest improvements in 346 years of measuring the giant planets’ rotations. The previous best estimate of Neptune’s rotational period (16.108 ± 0.006 h) was based on Voyager 2 radio data (Lecacheux, A., Zarka, P., Desch, M.D., Evans, D.R. [1993]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2711–2714). The new result suggests an upward revision of the mass of Neptune’s core. This finding may also question the accepted value of Uranus’ rotational period. The first reliable wind measurements within 15° of Neptune’s South Pole, based on tracking four features in Voyager images, show a 300 m/s eastward jet peaking near 76° South, while the area within 4° of the South Pole seems to be rotationally locked to the interior. These new observations of the stationary features and winds could address the long-standing question about the depth of the atmospheric circulation and may allow some constraints on convection currents in Neptune’s interior.
The psychophysiological correlates of risk recognition among victims and non-victims of sexual assault

This study examined the psychophysiological correlates of risk recognition in sexual victimization. Victims and non-victims of sexual assault listened to a hypothetical date rape interaction and were asked to indicate the point at which the man had become sexually inappropriate. Subjective and objective (physiology) measures of responding as well as a measure of risk recognition in reaction to the date rape scenario were analyzed to evaluate both between and within-subjects' differences. Results showed that, relative to non-victims, victims of sexual assault displayed significant differences in risk recognition as well as both subjective and objective measures of physiological reactivity. Overall, the results indicate that altered physiological responding to relevant threat cues may be related to individuals' ability to identify and react to threatening sexual situations.
Highly hydrogen-sensitive SnO2 nanoscale-particle films with platinum electrodes

Abstract We report a novel hydrogen-sensitive Schottky-diode device based on an SnO2 film consisting of nanoscale particles and with platinum electrodes on top, which has a very high response. SnO2 films were prepared through thermal oxidation of metallic Sn films, which were deposited using electron-beam evaporation with thicknesses ranging from 5 nm to 100 nm. The average size of the nano-particles shrinks as the thickness of the original Sn films decreases. Interdigital platinum (Pt) electrodes were fabricated on the SnO2 films for hydrogen sensing studies. Very high relative response (current change of 168 times) to low concentration H2 (100 ppm) was found for the device based on SnO2 film converted from 20 nm-thick as-deposited Sn film. Its response speed is also very fast, which is less than 10 s to reach half of the maximum response. It has excellent selectivity with low response to CO and null response to CH4. We propose that the sensing mechanism is the reduction of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at the Pt/SnO2 interface. A pinch-off model and a circuit model are presented to reveal the relationship between the relative response and the film thickness or particle size.
An examination of anonymous and non-anonymous fraud reporting channels

Abstract Interest in the role of the reporting channel on whistleblowing has been fostered by the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires that audit committees of public companies establish and oversee an anonymous reporting channel for questionable accounting or auditing matters. But only limited information exists as to the likely effectiveness of such a channel as compared to a non-anonymous channel. The purpose of our paper is to report the results of an experimental study examining participants' intentions to report fraud using anonymous and non-anonymous reporting channels given information about the outcomes from a previous non-anonymous whistleblowing incident. The experiment manipulates the outcomes to both the previous whistleblower and to the transgressor. We find that while negative outcomes from the perspective of a previous non-anonymous whistleblower (either the occurrence of retaliation against that person or no negative repercussions to the previous transgressor) lowered participants' non-anonymous reporting intentions, these negative outcomes did not decrease participants' anonymous reporting intentions. But when, no such negative outcomes from the previous whistleblower's perspective have occurred, our participants' reporting intentions did not differ between the anonymous and non-anonymous channels.
Ultraviolet irradiation produces cytotoxic synergy and increased DNA interstrand crosslinking with cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)

There is indirect evidence to suggest that the excision-repair mechanism responsible for the removal of UV-induced thymine dimers may also play a role in the repair of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP)-induced DNA adducts in both bacteria and mammalian cells. It was hypothesized that UV dimers and cis-DDP adducts, when present simultaneously, might compete for a common repair system. Colony survival assays were performed in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells exposed either to cis-DDP alone or to cis-DDP immediately followed by UV exposure. Progressively greater cytotoxic synergy with both increasing UV dose and cis-DDP dose was observed, to a point of saturation beyond which further toxicity was purely additive. Alkaline elution analyses for DNA interstrand crosslinking were performed 6 h after exposure. An approximate doubling in crosslink frequency, relative to cis-DDP alone, was found in cells exposed to cis-DDP plus UV (P = 0.002). Since cis-DDP produces both inter- and intrastrand DNA crosslinks similar studies were performed with trans-DDP, which is incapable of producing intrastrand crosslinks, but does produce interstrand crosslinks. Cytotoxic synergy and increased interstrand crosslinking again resulted from the addition of UV exposure, but not to the same extent as seen with cis-DDP. These data support the hypothesis that cis-DDP induced DNA adducts are, at least in part, removed by an excision-repair mechanism. The similar but quantitatively smaller effects with trans-DDP suggest that intrastrand crosslink removal may also occur by this mechanism.
Arrhythmogenic Role of Autonomic Innervation During Ischemia/Infarction and the Long QT Syndrome

Autonomic Innervation During Ischemia/Infarction and Long QT Syndrome. Although it is generally well accepted that the autonomic nervous system can promote, precipitate, or prevent the development of cardiac arrhythmias, the mechanisms by which this transpires are incompletely understood. This review will focus on selected recent observations concerning autonomic innervation of the heart, the effects of myocardial ischemia and infarction on such innervation, and the modulation of arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome.
A Cluster Analysis of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory

SYNOPSIS Seventy-nine patients with chronic headaches of diverse causes, recruited from a headache clinic's biofeedback facility, were administered the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPl) for measuring the cognitive, behavioral, and affective dimensions of pain. Using the statistical technique of cluster analysis to organize the results, three clusters emerged, and were similar in their characteristics to those named “Dysfunctional”, “Interpersonally Distressed”, and “Adaptive Coper” by other authors who had applied the Inventory and the cluster analysis technique to other populations (one population containing heterogenous groups of chronic pain patients, and another population of patients suffering from “temporomandibular joint disorders”.) Additional analyses of our results confirmed that the three groups were distinct from one another; and that age, sex, duration of complaint, and diagnosis, were not factors in the formation of the groups. Our results suggest that the MPI is a valid measure of the cognitive, behavioral and affective aspects of pain. Rather than apply a similar intervention program to all headache patients, it might be more effective to tailor treatment to the variations in these aspects exhibited by patients in the three different clusters.
Implicit connections with nature

Abstract Previous research has suggested that attitudes about environmental issues are rooted in the degree to which people believe that they are part of the natural environment. Researchers have distinguished between egoistic concerns, which focus on self, and biospheric concerns, which focus on all living things. In the current paper, we argue that the type of concerns a person develops about environmental issues is associated with the extent to which the individual believes that s/he is part of nature. We argue that this connection is implicit, and exists outside of conscious awareness. Two studies are reported on the relationship between implicit connections with nature and explicit environmental concerns, and on the cognitive strategies associated with egoistic and biospheric attitudes. Study 1 reports the results from a modified Implicit Association Test (IAT) designed to measure the degree to which people associate themselves with nature. Results showed a moderate positive relationship between biospheric concerns and implicit connections with nature, and a negative relationship between implicit connections with nature and egoistic concerns. Study 2 replicated this basic effect, and also examined the test–retest (immediate, 1 week, and 4 weeks) reliability of the explicit and implicit measures. Results are interpreted within a broad model of environmental inclusion.
Energetics, structure and excess electrons in small sodium-chloride clusters

The structure and energetics of stoichiometric (NaCl)n, 1⩽n⩽4, clusters, and of halide-deficient clusters in the sequence Na4Clm, 0 ⩽m⩽3, are studied using local-spin-density functional calculations, with and without exchange-correlation gradient corrections. The energy optimized structures of (NaCl)n clusters for 1⩽n⩽3 are two-dimensional converting to a three-dimensional cuboid for n = 4. The optimal structures of Na4Cl3 and Na4Cl2 are three-dimensional, deriving from that of the stoichiometric (NaCl)4 parent cluster, with the excess electrons substituting for the missing halide atoms. The optimal structure of Na4Cl is two-dimensional with the metal ions forming an approximate rhombus, and the chlorine ion capping one of the edges. In analogy with color centers in bulk ionic crystals, the excess electrons in the halogen-deficient clusters occupy energy levels which are split from the bottom of the unoccupied ‘conduction band’ of (NaCl)4. Analysis of the electronic spatila distributions and participation ratios indicates that the excess electrons are of a more delocalized nature in comparison with the electrons occupying the p-like ‘valence band’.
Major Structural Zones and Faults of the Northern Appalachians

This work, the first really important one to include a wide spectrum of views since the “Billings volume” of 1968, assesses the status of the geology of the Northern Appalachians. The terrains considered in a dozen articles occur in New England, Quebec, and eastern Canada. This has been a region of intense research due to the rapid evolution of plate tectonic models as the geology has become better known. The book is of considerable importance because nearly all the eminent researchers from the past decade have contributions in it and, unlike the Billings volume, the authors were asked to focus on major stratigraphic-tectonic terrains, their boundaries, and their regional context. As a consequence of this commonality of purpose, most authors attempted regional evolutionary syntheses from their own perspective. The reader can thus construct a checklist of consensus and disagreement and, from that list, quickly ferret out areas for future research. The book's table of contents is shown at the end of this review in order to emphasize that the list of authors and the range of topics are impressive.
Baltimore's eighteenth‐century French theatre

The French performed the only native drama presented in Baltimore in the eighteenth century. In an apparent effort to preserve their heritage, the Acadians from Nova Scotia and settlers from Santa Domingo contributed French drama to the cultural development of their adopted city.
Effects of multiple scattering and surface roughness on medium energy backscattering spectra

Abstract The influence of multiple scattering and surface roughness on medium energy backscattering spectra was studied using Monte Carlo simulations. These factors can influence the shape of backscattering spectra, making it difficult to accurately determine composition profiles. Using near-normal and near-glancing ion exit angles, simulations were performed for 270 keV 4 He + ions incident on targets of 33 nm Ta on Si and 5 nm ZrO 2 on Si. The influence of both multiple scattering and surface roughness were found to increase with exit angle, which is measured towards the surface normal. Simulations showed that multiple scattering affected the shape of the Ta/Si spectrum even for a small exit angle of 15°, but did not significantly affect the shape of the ZrO 2 /Si spectrum. Monte Carlo simulated spectra from a 5 nm ZrO 2 /Si target with a near glancing angle of 75° and a RMS roughness of 1 nm resulted in a tail at the low energy edge of the Zr signal and the front edge of the Si signal.
Physical and chemical characteristics of potential seal strata in regions considered for demonstrating geological saline CO 2 sequestration

Capture and geological sequestration of CO2 from energy production is proposed to help mitigate climate change caused by anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Performance goals set by the US Department of Energy for CO2 storage permanence include retention of at least 99% of injected CO2 which requires detailed assessments of each potential storage site’s geologic system, including reservoir(s) and seal(s). The objective of this study was to review relevant basin-wide physical and chemical characteristics of geological seals considered for saline reservoir CO2 sequestration in the United States. Results showed that the seal strata can exhibit substantial heterogeneity in the composition, structural, and fluid transport characteristics on a basin scale. Analysis of available field and wellbore core data reveal several common inter-basin features of the seals, including the occurrence of quartz, dolomite, illite, calcite, and glauconite minerals along with structural features containing fractures, faults, and salt structures. In certain localities within the examined basins, some seal strata also serve as source rock for oil and gas production and can be subject to salt intrusions. The regional features identified in this study can help guide modeling, laboratory, and field studies needed to assess local seal performances within the examined basins.
Oleate prevents palmitate-induced cytotoxic stress in cardiac myocytes

The cytotoxicity of saturated fatty acids has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, though their effects on cardiac myocytes are incompletely understood. We examined the effects of palmitate and the mono-unsaturated fatty acid oleate on neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cell biology. Palmitate (0.5mM) increased oxidative stress, as well as activation of the stress-associated protein kinases (SAPK) p38, Erk1/2, and JNK, following 18h and induced apoptosis in approximately 20% of cells after 24h. Neither antioxidants nor SAPK inhibitors prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis. Low concentrations of oleate (0.1mM) completely inhibited palmitate-induced oxidative stress, SAPK activation, and apoptosis. Increasing mitochondrial uptake of palmitate with l-carnitine decreased apoptosis, while decreasing uptake with the carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 inhibitor perhexiline nearly doubled palmitate-induced apoptosis. These results support a model for palmitate-induced apoptosis, activation of SAPKs, and protein oxidative stress in myocytes that involves cytosolic accumulation of saturated fatty acids.
Cadmium Transport in Alkaline and Acidic Soils: Miscible Displacement Experiments

Transport of heavy metals such as Cd is affected by several rate-limiting processes including adsorption and release reactions in soils. In this study, column transport and batch kinetic experiments were performed to assess Cd mobility in an acidic (Windsor) and an alkaline (Bustan) soil. Adsorption and desorption isotherms exhibited strong nonlinearity in both soils. A nonlinear multireaction and transport model (MRTM) successfully described adsorption with time as well as adsorption-desorption hysteresis. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) from column experiments indicated strong Cd retardation accompanied by slow release during leaching. The Cd was nearly immobile in the calcareous Bustan surface soil, whereas 20 and 30% of the applied Cd was mobile in the Windsor and Bustan subsurface soil columns. Sequential extractions of soils from the batch and column transport experiments indicated that Cd was associated with carbonates for the alkaline soil and with exchangeable and oxide fractions for the acidic Windsor soil. The MRTM was capable of describing the Cd arrival time in effluent and its concentration during leaching from the soil columns. When the CXTFIT model, which accounts for linear adsorption, was used, adequate overall predictions of the BTCs were obtained including the magnitude and time of peak arrival; however, effluent concentrations at advanced stages of leaching were underestimated. Sorbed Cd based on soil extractions vs. depth at the termination of column experiments were adequately described by the MRTM and CXTFIT.
Reanalysis of the Obesity-Related Attenuation in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Response to a Satiating Meal Using Gyral Regions-of-Interest

Objective: The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC), which includes the inferior (IFG), middle (MFG), and superior (SFG) frontal gyri, has been implicated in satiation. Using a voxel-based approach, we previously identified an LDLPFC region (as reported as peak voxel) in which a reduced neuronal response to a meal was associated with obesity. In this study, we sought to determine which gyri in the LDLPFC best distinguished the neuronal responses to a meal using a different statistical approach.Methods: We reanalyzed brain responses to a meal using the hypothesis-driven region-of-interest–based (ROI) approach. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a marker of neuronal activity in the LDLPFC and its 3 gyri, was acquired in 2 conditions (hunger and after the satiating meal) using 15O-water positron emission tomography scans. rCBF was extracted and estimated using masks of the 3 gyri that were created in MRIcro and Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 software.Results: Using the ROI approach, a satiation-r...
High yield acyl anion trapping reactions: direct nucleophilic acylation of isocyanates and isothiocyanates.

Abstract The reactions of t-BuLi, sec-BuLi and n-BuLi with CO in the presence of isothiocyanates and isocyanates gives, after hydrolytic work-up, α-oxothioamides, RC(O)C(S)NHR′, and α-oxoamides, RC(O)C(O)NHR′, respectively, in good yield. Competition from the direct reaction of RLi with the substrate is encountered only in the case of reactions of the n-BuLi/CO system with isocyanates.
A laboratory demonstration of persistent human avoidance

A study is reported with represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first laboratory demonstration of extreme human avoidance responding in extinction following a fear conditioning procedure. Responding in extinction was also found to be enhanced by a serial CS procedure, and support was obtained for the conservation of anxiety hypothesis upon which the serial CS hypothesis is based. Skin conductance, dynomometer, and self-report data supported the contention that fear is the motivating source for avoidance maintenance. The procedure used should provide a valuable paradigm for investigating the underlying principle responsible for maintaining persistent avoidance responding.
Showing Children That We Care About Their Literacy Learning

Children and their teachers are more likely to achieve success when genuine caring is connected to literacy learning. This connection is important because it increases the chances of success across the curriculum and through the grades. Among the ways of demonstrating a caring attitude is to provide children with opportunities to make choices, to nurture their emotional and intellectual transactions with text, to help them use bibliotherapeutic literature to cope with personal problems, and to encourage the use of picture books for older children. When caring teachers and administrators support these and other approaches, they enjoy the realization that children they helped during the school year have demonstrated substantial growth and development, emotionally and academically.
SERT II 1980 extended flight thruster experiments

The flight results obtained from mid 1979 through December 1980 are presented. Near continuous solar power in 1979 and 1980 has enabled long periods of thruster endurance testing. Three of four propellant tanks were exhausted with no significant change in thruster system operation before being empty. A new plasma mode thrust was characterized and direct thrust measurements obtained. Other tests, including beam neutralization by various neutralizer sources, give insight to electron conduction across plasmas in space and provide a basis to model neutralization of thruster arrays.
Aluminous Keatite—An Improved Rotary Ceramic Regenerator Core Material

Rotary lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) ceramic regenerator cores for gas turbines have had limited durability in applications using sulphur bearing hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel oil. The presence of sulphuric acid from the combustion process caused a lithium/hydrogen ion exchange and resulted in core failure. This paper describes a unique low thermal expansion aluminous keatite material (Corning Code 9460) which was developed to overcome the foregoing problem. Cores made from this new material have now operated over 6000 hr in Ford 707 gas turbines.
Avoidance of conditioned aggression

A pigeon was trained with food reinforcement to attack a target bird, and the subsequent aggression was brought under the control of an exteroceptive stimulus. The aggressor bird was then required to keypeck (FR 20) in order to produce the SD condition, while the target bird was provided access to a second key which, when pecked (FR 3), instituted an SΔ condition for the aggressor. These contingencies were effective in maintaining keypecking by both birds and warrant the conclusion that the target bird did find the behavior of the aggressor bird aversive.
The luminescent properties of antimony in calcium halophosphates

Abstract Antimony may be present at calcium sites in the halophosphate lattice with anion (oxygen) compensation or cation (sodium) compensation, or as a SbCl 3 vapor-doped activator. Oxygen compensated antimony is present at calcium (II) sites with the oxygen substituting for the adjacent halide ion. The antimony-oxygen system thus formed has its own unique emission, excitation, and decay properties. Sodium compensated and vapor-doped antimony in halophosphate have similar luminescent properties which are, however, distinctly different from those of oxygen compensated (normal) phosphors. Antimony which is not oxygen compensated emits at ∾400 nm and probably substitutes at the calcium (II) site also.
Strategies to Survive and Thrive in Academia: The Collective Voices of Counseling Faculty of Color.

This qualitative study investigated the survival and coping strategies employed by 17 faculty of color teaching in counseling programs across the United States. Results indicated that for participants, the meaning of survival extends beyond the ability to meet expectations for tenure and promotion and achieve professional longevity. Survival entails engaging in a variety of actions that allow them to withstand and rise above the damaging effects of microaggressions. Framed as conscious strategies, individual actions become collective acts of resistance against racism and other forms of discrimination. Implications for multicultural faculty development are discussed.
The Front-Runner, Contenders, and Also-Rans: Effects of Watching a 2000 Republican Primary Debate

This study reports the effects of viewing a Republican primary debate that took place December 2, 1999, in Manchester, New Hampshire, and includes six candidates: Gary Bauer, George Bush, Steve Forbes, Orrin Hatch, John McCain, and Alan Keyes. After viewing the debate, respondents' perceptions of candidate image changed, and candidate vote preferences also changed. Our results suggest that primary debate participation may have negative consequences for a campaign front-runner. This study also measures reactions to candidates' specific issue appeals and finds that appeals made by the large field of primary candidates vying for public attention—whom we label also-rans—tend to be evaluated more negatively by debate viewers than those appeals made by the better-known candidates. Finally, candidates who adopt the often employed debate strategy of attacking the front-runner might find that such a strategy is more successful if employed in moderation.
Peroxide-induced radical formation at TYR385 and TYR504 in human PGHS-1.

Prostaglandin H synthase isoforms 1 and -2 (PGHS-1 and -2) react with peroxide to form a radical on Tyr385 that initiates the cyclooxygenase catalysis. The tyrosyl radical EPR signals of PGHS-1 and -2 change over time and are altered by cyclooxygenase inhibitor binding. We characterized the tyrosyl radical dynamics using wild type human PGHS-1 (hPGHS-1) and its Y504F, Y385F, and Y385F/Y504F mutants to determine whether the radical EPR signal changes involve Tyr504 radical formation, Tyr385 radical phenyl ring rotation, or both. Reaction of hPGHS-1 with peroxide produced a wide singlet, whereas its Y504F mutant produced only a wide doublet signal, assigned to the Tyr385 radical. The cyclooxygenase specific activity and KM value for arachidonate of hPGHS-1 were not affected by the Y504F mutation, but the peroxidase specific activity and the KM value for peroxide were increased. The Y385F and Y385F/Y504F mutants retained only a small fraction of the peroxidase activity; the former had a much-reduced yield of peroxide-induced radical and the latter essentially none. After binding of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, hPGHS-1 produced a narrow singlet but the Y504F mutant did not form a tyrosyl radical. These results indicate that peroxide-induced radicals form on Tyr385 and Tyr504 of hPGHS-1, with radical primarily on Tyr504 in the wild type protein; indomethacin binding prevented radical formation on Tyr385 but allowed radical formation on Tyr504. Thus, hPGHS-1 and -2 have different distributions of peroxide-derived radical between Tyr385 and Tyr504. Y504F mutants in both hPGHS-1 and -2 significantly decreased the cyclooxygenase activation efficiency, indicating that formation of the Tyr504 radical is functionally important for both isoforms.
Structure and Intermolecular Interactions of the Luminal Dimerization Domain of Human IRE1α

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum activates a signal transduction cascade that culminates in the transcriptional induction of genes encoding adaptive functions. One proximal sensor for this unfolded protein response is the protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1α. IRE1α is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein for which the N-terminal luminal domain (NLD) senses the accumulation of unfolded proteins. Previously we demonstrated that the NLD forms a stable ligand-independent dimer linked by disulfide bridges. In this report we have identified the cysteine residues responsible for intermolecular disulfide bonding. However, this covalent interaction was not required for dimerization and/or signaling, suggesting that a cryptic dimer interface exists in the NLD that is independent of covalent disulfide interactions. Limited proteolysis of the NLD revealed characteristic fragments, all retaining the same N-terminal sequences as full-length NLD. Biochemical and functional studies using NLD truncation mutants indicated that the dimerization domain of the NLD is confined to the conserved motifs at the N-terminal regions where putative hydrophobic interactions exist. In addition, the peptide binding domain of the endoplasmic reticulum protein chaperone BiP interacted with the N-terminal region within the NLD. Our findings suggest that the NLD has at least two distinct types of interactions mediating dimerization and function in signaling,i.e. covalent interactions involving disulfide bond formation and hydrophobic interactions, with the hydrophobic interaction being the driving force for dimerization.
Nature of Full-Length HMGB1 Binding to Cisplatin-Modified DNA†

HMGB1, a highly conserved non-histone DNA-binding protein, interacts with specific DNA structural motifs such as those encountered at cisplatin damage, four-way junctions, and supercoils. The interaction of full-length HMGB1, containing two tandem HMG box domains and a C-terminal acidic tail, with cisplatin-modified DNA was investigated by hydroxyl radical footprinting and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays. The full-length HMGB1 protein binds to DNA containing a 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) cross-link mainly through domain A, as revealed by footprinting, with a dissociation constant Kd of 120 nM. Site-directed mutagenesis of intercalating residues in both HMG domains A and B in full-length HMGB1 further supports the conclusion that only one HMG box domain is bound to the site of cisplatin damage. Interaction of the C-terminal tail with the rest of the HMGB1 protein was examined by EDC cross-linking experiments. The acidic tail mainly interacts with domain B and linker regions rather than domain A in HMG...
Characteristics of Resonance in Heart Rate Variability Stimulated by Biofeedback

As we previously reported, resonant frequency heart rate variability biofeedback increases baroreflex gain and peak expiratory flow in healthy individuals and has positive effects in treatment of asthma patients. Biofeedback readily produces large oscillations in heart rate, blood pressure, vascular tone, and pulse amplitude via paced breathing at the specific natural resonant frequency of the cardiovascular system for each individual. This paper describes how resonance properties of the cardiovascular system mediate the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback. There is evidence that resonant oscillations can train autonomic reflexes to provide therapeutic effect. The paper is based on studies described in previous papers. Here, we discuss the origin of the resonance phenomenon, describe our procedure for determining an individual's resonant frequency, and report data from 32 adult asthma patients and 24 healthy adult subjects, showing a negative relationship between resonant frequency and height, and a lower resonant frequency in men than women, but no relationship between resonant frequency and age, weight, or presence of asthma. Resonant frequency remains constant across 10 sessions of biofeedback training. It appears to be related to blood volume.
Structure and properties of a single channel in the human visual system

Abstract Previous experiments have indicated that the visual system can be represented as a collection of parallel channels with detection occurring whenever activity in any one of these channels reaches a certain level. In this paper we examine the structure of such a channel and show that it must be represented by an incoherent, rather than a coherent, type of detection. We then examine the following properties of the detection mechanism of a single channel: the angular bandwidth, the radial bandwidth, and the non-linearity involved in the incoherent detection operation.
PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROSTOLITHOTOMY, ENDOPYELOTOMY AND NEPHROPEXY IN A SINGLE SESSION

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction occassionally occurs in adults with concomitant renal calculi, necessitating management of both conditions in the same sitting. Accepted endourological management in such a situation has been accomplished with percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and endopyelotomy.' We report on a patient who presented with significant ptosis of the left kidney, in addition to left ureteropelvic junction obstruction and concomitant renal calculi, which were treated with percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, endopyelotomy and 2-point percutaneous nephropexy in the same surgical session. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old white man presented with pain in the abdomen and left flank several months in duration. Excretory urogram (IVP) revealed chronic left ureteropelvic junction obstruction with cortical thinning with multiple left renal calculi and a left ptotic kidney, which moved 2 vertebral bodies between upright and supine positions (fig. 1). Total endourological management of the renal calculi, ureteropelvic junction obstruction and nephroptosis was performed. The patient was placed in the prone position after induction of general anesthesia. Percutaneous access was obtained via a supracostal puncture of the upper pole calk and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy was performed in the
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of cetrorelix, an LH-RH antagonist, after subcutaneous administration in healthy premenopausal women.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was the development of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for the luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression and subsequent shift in LH surge and follicle-stimulating hormone by cetrorelix in women. Background. Cetrorelix is a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) antagonist and is used for the prevention of the premature ovulation indicated by an LH surge in in vitro fertilization. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship for the suppression and the shift in the LH surge has not yet been established. Methods. In a placebo-controlled study, single subcutaneous doses of 1, 3, and 5 mg of cetrorelix were given to 36 subjects on day 8 of the natural menstrual cycle. Cetrorelix, LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone were determined. Results. Cetrorelix pharmacokinetics were described by a 2-compartment model with a terminal half-life of 56.9 ± 27.1 hours. Mean shift in LH surge was by 4.1, 7.5, and 9.3 days with the 1-, 3-, and 5-mg doses, respectively. An indirect response sigmoid E max model was developed for the suppression of LH and the shift in the LH surge. The inhibitory concentration of 50% (for LH suppression) and median effective concentration (for surge shift) estimates were 3.6 ng/mL and 1.6 ng/mL, respectively. The suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone was described by a similar E max model, with an inhibitory concentration of 50% of 7.25 ng/mL. Conclusions. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model was developed for the transient initial suppression of LH and the subsequent shift in the LH surge after 3 single subcutaneous doses of cetrorelix without ovarian stimulation. A separate model was developed for the suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone by cetrorelix. The shift in the LH surge could be adequately described by the model. (Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;68:617-25.)
Barium enema findings (? segmental colitis) in four neonates with bloody diarrhea — possible cow's milk allergy

Four neonates with sudden onset of bloody diarrhea and barium enema findings suggestive of segmental colitis are reported. The infants were not very ill and in all four, the condition was self-limiting. An exact etiology for the condition was not determined but in all of the infants a possible association with cow's milk intolerance was suggested.
Interaction of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and the adapter protein SH2-B. A role in STAT5 activation.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) influences a diverse array of biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and migration. Activating mutations in FGFR3 are associated with multiple myeloma, cervical carcinoma, and bladder cancer. To identify proteins that interact with FGFR3 and which may mediate FGFR3-dependent signaling, a yeast two-hybrid screen was employed using the cytoplasmic kinase domain of FGFR3 as bait. We identified the adapter protein SH2-B as an FGFR3-interacting protein. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate binding of the SH2-Bβ isoform to FGFR3 in 293T cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of SH2-Bβ was observed when coexpressed with activated FGFR3 mutants such as the weakly activated mutant N540K or the strongly activated mutant K650E, both associated with human developmental syndromes. The extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of SH2-Bβ correlates with receptor activation, suggesting that FGFR3 activation mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of SH2-Bβ. Furthermore, two tyrosine phosphorylation sites of FGFR3, Tyr-724 and Tyr-760, are required for optimal binding of the Src homology-2 (SH2) domain of SH2-Bβ. We also demonstrate the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Stat5 by activated FGFR3, which increases in response to overexpression of SH2-Bβ. Taken together, our results identify SH2-Bβ as a novel FGFR3 binding partner that mediates signal transduction.
Event-mixing analysis of two-proton correlation functions.

Two-proton correlation functions constructed via an event-mixing analysis are compared to recently published correlation functions for the $^{14}\mathrm{N}$${+}^{27}$Al reaction at E/A=75 MeV, which were constructed by generating the denominator from single-particle spectra. For the present case, the two techniques yield virtually identical results.
Assignment of Cooperating UAVs to Simultaneous Tasks using Genetic Algorithms

A problem of assigning multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to simultaneously perform cooperative tasks on consecutive targets is posed as a new NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. The investigated scenario consists of multiple ground moving targets prosecuted by a team of heterogeneous UAVs carrying designated sensors and/or weapons. To successfully prosecute each target it flrst needs to be simultaneously tracked by multiple UAVs, from signiflcantly difierent line of sight angles to reduce the position estimate errors, and then attacked by a difierent UAV carrying a weapon. Even for small sized scenarios, the problem has prohibitive computational complexity for classical combinatorial optimization methods due to timing constraints on the simultaneous tasks and the coupling between task assignment and path planning for each UAV. A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for e‐ciently searching the space of feasible solutions. A matrix representation of the GA chromosomes simplifles the encoding process and the application of the genetic operators. To further simplify the encoding, the chromosome is composed of sets of multiple genes, each corresponding to the entire set of assignments on each target. Simulation results conflrm the viability of the proposed assignment algorithm for difierent sized scenarios. The sensitivity of the performance to variations in GA tuning parameters is also investigated.
Optical interferometer using a high-birefringence optical fiber

A prototype of a new displacement measuring system based on an optical interferometer using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber is presented. The proposed configuration makes it possible to separate the laser head and the detectors from the actual interferometer (i.e., the measuring head). In this way, the interferometric head can be miniaturized and used to gauge targets which are difficult to access. The resolution provided by the electronic fringe counter is equal to lambda /8 ( approximately 80 nm), and the overall accuracy is 1 mu m over a measuring range of 20 mm. >