cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of utilization of dental care services among Chinese- and Russian-speaking immigrant elders.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify factors predictive of use of dental services among Chinese- and Russian-speaking immigrant elders. Methods: The data for this analysis were collected from the 1997 survey “Assessing public health and health care needs of Russian-speaking elderly immigrants.” A similar survey was replicated among Chinese-speaking elderly immigrants in 2000. Community-based samples of 300 Russian elders and 177 Chinese elders were recruited for the study. Results: Chinese elders used dental care services at lower rates than Russian elders. Education, length of stay in the US, social support, and smoking behavior were significant predictors for the use of dental services among Chinese. However, among Russian elders, age, income, and denture use predicted utilization of dental services. Conclusions: Although Chinese- and Russian-speaking elders have similar immigrant experiences and share the same geographic location and urban setting, the two groups have different patterns of dental service use. These differences may be due to differences in socio-demo-graphic characteristics, values, attitudes and knowledge of oral health and dental care, and unique cultural backgrounds.
Effects on mood of activating the private versus the collective self

The effect on exergamers’ postgame mood of activating the private versus the collective self was investigated in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1 I found that group playing induces greater pleasure than individual playing. In Experiment 2 I used a 2 (chronic independent self-construals: high versus low) x 2 (activated self: private versus collective) between-subjects factorial design, and found a significant interaction between chronic self-construals and the activated self. Exergamers high in independent self-construals displayed more negative affective responses to defeat when the private self was activated than when the collective self was activated. In contrast, those low in independent self-construals showed no difference regardless of the activated self.
Cycloheximide-sensitive recovery from 254 nm UV light damage in cultured marsupial cells

Abstract Colony-forming ability of Potorous tridactylus -kidney (PtK-2) cells was measured after exposure to 254-nm ultraviolet (UV) light and cycloheximide. Addition of 5 μM cycloheximide after exposure of the cells to UV light greatly decreased cell survival. Maximum effect of the drug was obtained by 24-h exposure after irradiation. The cycloheximide sensitivity of irradiated cells was eliminated if addition of the drug was delayed for 8–10 h after irradiation, or if the cells received photoreactivating light treatment prior to cycloheximide exposure. Thus, a major component of pyrimidine dimer removal may involve a cycloheximide-sensitive mechanism.
A practical application of a systems engineering process in space avionics design and development

The ongoing development of avionics to support the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) Electronics Box (SEB) program as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Solar Orbiter program has presented numerous design and verification challenges. A unique challenge in the development of the SPICE electronics is the validation of the system due to its multi-national elements and their concurrent development timelines. The practical application of a systems engineering process has reduced and mitigated these risks through requirements flow-down to subsystems and a comprehensive verification program to ensure all specifications are met. This paper discusses the lessons learned from requirements development and verification and validation activities. These lessons have resulted in a substantial risk reduction as the program has moved forward with flight model design development and testing activities.
Forward and reverse transduction at the limit of sensitivity studied by correlating electrical and mechanical fluctuations in frog saccular hair cells

The spontaneous fluctuations of the intracellular voltage and the position of the sensory hairbundle were measured concurrently using intracellular microelectrodes and an optical differential micro interferometer. Magnitude and frequency distribution of the hair bundles' spontaneous motion suggest that it consists mostly of Brownian motion. The electrical noise, however, exceeds the value expected for thermal Johnson noise by several orders of magnitude, and its frequency distribution reflects the transduction tuning properties of the hair cells. Frequently, a strong correlation was observed between the fluctuations of the hair bundle position and the intracellular electrical noise. From the properties of the correlation and from experiments involving mechanical stimulation we conclude that in most cases mechano-electrical transduction of the bundles' Brownian motion causes this correlation. Small signal transduction sensitivities ranged from 18 to 500 microV/nm. Bundle motion that was observed in response to current injection in more than half of the cells suggests the existence of a fast reverse (electro-mechanical) transduction mechanism to be common in these cells. The sensitivities could be as high as 600 pm of bundle deflection per millivolt of membrane potential change. In a significant minority (4 in 44) of cells, all showing excess electrical noise, we found 'non-causal' components of the electro-mechanical correlation, and in two of those cells narrow-band bundle motion in excess of their thermal motion at frequencies coincident with peaks in the intracellular noise was observed.
Nonlocal helix formation is key to understanding S-adenosylmethionine-1 riboswitch function.

Riboswitches are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in response to changing concentrations of specific metabolites. Switching activity is affected by the interplay between the aptamer domain and expression platform of the riboswitch. The aptamer domain binds the metabolite, locking the riboswitch in a ligand-bound conformation. In absence of the metabolite, the expression platform forms an alternative secondary structure by sequestering the 3′ end of a nonlocal helix called P1. We use all-atom structure-based simulations to characterize the folding, unfolding, and metabolite binding of the aptamer domain of the S-adenosylmethionine-1 (SAM-1) riboswitch. Our results suggest that folding of the nonlocal helix (P1) is rate-limiting in aptamer domain formation. Interestingly, SAM assists folding of the P1 helix by reducing the associated free energy barrier. Because the 3′ end of the P1 helix is sequestered by an alternative helix in the absence of metabolites, this observed ligand-control of P1 formation provides a mechanistic explanation of expression platform regulation.
Pre- and post-alpha motoneuronal control of the soleus H-reflex during sinusoidal hip movements in human spinal cord injury

The aim of this study was to establish the contribution of hip-mediated sensory feedback to spinal interneuronal circuits during dynamic conditions in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Specifically, we investigated the effects of synergistic and antagonistic group I afferents on the soleus H-reflex during imposed sinusoidal hip movements. The soleus H-reflex was conditioned by stimulating the common peroneal nerve (CPN) at short (2, 3, and 4 ms) and long (80, 100, and 120 ms) conditioning test (C-T) intervals to assess the reciprocal and pre-synaptic inhibition of the soleus H-reflex, respectively. The soleus H-reflex was also conditioned by medial gastrocnemius (MG) nerve stimulation at C-T intervals ranging from 4 to 7 ms to assess changes in autogenic Ib inhibition during hip movement. Sinusoidal hip movements were imposed to the right hip joint at 0.2 Hz by the Biodex system while subjects were supine. The effects of sinusoidal hip movement on five leg muscles along with hip, knee, and ankle joint torques were also established during sensorimotor conditioning of the reflex. Phase-dependent modulation of antagonistic and synergistic muscle afferents was present during hip movement, with the reciprocal, pre-synaptic, and Ib inhibition to be significantly reduced during hip extension and reinforced during hip flexion. Reflexive muscle and joint torque responses – induced by the hip movement – were entrained to specific phases of hip movement. This study provides evidence that hip-mediated input acts as a controlling signal of pre- and post-alpha motoneuronal control of the soleus H-reflex. The expression of these spinal interneuronal circuits during imposed sinusoidal hip movements is discussed with respect to motor recovery in humans after SCI.
Importance of patient-centered care in enhancing patient well-being: a cancer survivor's perspective.

In this narrative article, the author, a long-term cancer survivor, reflects on his personal interactions with the healthcare system over a period of 14 years in order to highlight the importance of delivering patient-centered care. He makes a case for why quality of care assessments are incomplete if they focus on clinical indicators of quality alone and exclude systematic assessment of the patient-centered aspects of care from the patient’s perspective. The important role played by patient-centered care in reducing patient suffering and enhancing well-being is underscored in this commentary.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor.

The rat liver glucocorticoid receptor was partially purified and used to immunize a BALB/c mouse whose splenic lymphocytes were fused with the nonsecreting myeloma cell line P3-AgX-653. The fusion products were selected in HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterine, and thymidine) medium and a stable antibody-producing clone designated BuGRl obtained from 1 of 81 positive wells. Immunological specificity for the receptor was confirmed by sucrose density gradient analysis when the sedimentation constant of the specifically labeled receptor was altered by reaction with the antibody and by Western blot analysis, which showed that the BuGRl antibody detected a single band with a mobility (mol wt, ∼95,000) identical to that of the [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate-labeled rat glucocorticoid receptor. Similar sucrose gradient and Western blot experiments showed that the BuGRl antibody reacted with the mouse glucocorticoid receptor. BuGRl is a stable hybridoma producing an antibody which detects loci common to both rat and mou...
Primary resection of vaginal metastases with the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator in stage III endometrial carcinoma

Use of the Cavitron ultrasound surgical aspirator (CUSA) to resect vaginal metastases in clinical stage III endometrial carcinoma is reported in two cases. The CUSA allowed cytoreduction before pelvic radiation therapy without additional morbidity.
Linkage of Genetic Markers on Human Chromosomes 20 and 12 to NIDDM in Caucasian Sib Pairs With a History of Diabetic Nephropathy

The potential contribution of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes to NIDDM susceptibility in African-American and Caucasian NIDDM-affected sibling pairs with a history of adult-onset diabetic nephropathy has been evaluated. Evidence for linkage to NIDDM was found with polymorphic loci that map to the long arms of human chromosomes 20 and 12 in regions containing the MODY1 and MODY3 genes. Nonparametric analysis of chromosome 20 inheritance data collected with the MODY1-linked marker D20S197 provides evidence for linkage to NIDDM with a P value of 0.005 in Caucasian sib pairs using affected sibpair (ASP) analyses. Non-parametric analysis of chromosome 12 inheritance data collected with the MODY3-linked markers D12S349 and D12S86 provides evidence for linkage to NIDDM with P values of 0.04 and 0.006, respectively, in Caucasian sib pairs using similar analyses. No evidence for linkage of MODY1 and MODY3 markers to NIDDM in African-American sib pairs was observed. In addition, no evidence for linkage to MODY2 (glucokinase-associated MODY) was observed with either study population. Results of multipoint maximum logarithm of odds (LOD) score analysis were consistent with the ASP results. A maximum LOD score of 1.48 was calculated for linkage to MODY1-linked loci and 1.45 to MODY3-linked loci in Caucasian sib pairs. Tabulation of allele sharing in affected sib pairs with D20S197 and D12S349 suggests that affected sibling pairs may inherit susceptibility genes simultaneously from chromosome 20 and chromosome 12. The results suggest that genes contributing to NIDDM in the general Caucasian population are located in the regions containing the MODY1 and MODY3 genes.
Helium Breakdown Characteristics under 100 kHz Range Pulsed Voltages in Partial Vacuum for Point-to-point Electrode Geometry

In this paper we present our work on breakdown studies conducted in helium at partial vacuum conditions for a point-to-point electrode setup. A high frequency pulsed voltage signal is applied across the electrodes and the voltage-current characteristics are observed. The applied signal consists of a train of square pulses in the frequency range of 50 to 200 kHz with 50% duty cycle and rise/fall times in the range of 20-30 ns. These studies were conducted to understand and compare the role of the pulse repetition rate in electrical breakdown initiation in low pressure conditions. Preliminary data of voltage and current waveforms, along with the light emission data are presented. The optical data collected by a PMT (Photo Multiplier Tube) as a function of the time is presented in comparison to the varying voltage.
Integrating the fixed priority scheduling and the total bandwidth server for aperiodic tasks

The priority-based weighted fair queueing (PWFQ) schedule for real-time networks can be used to decouple session delay and its allocated bandwidth share. The idea is to introduce the concept of sliding window on the packet's virtual finish time. For packets whose finish time is within the window, the fixed priority assigned to each communication session is used to determine which packet should be sent out first. We apply the sliding window mechanism to aperiodic job scheduling with the total bandwidth server algorithm. When job arrivals are modeled by the leaky bucket model, we show that the algorithm can be used to improve the response time of aperiodic jobs.
Mechanisms of α-adrenergic potentiation of ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with inherited arrhythmic sudden death

Objective: In German shepherd dogs having inherited arrhythmias and sudden death, pause-dependent arrhythmias are triggered by early afterdepolarizations (EADs) originating from left ventricular (LV) Purkinje fibers (PF). Heterogeneity of LV repolarization provides the arrhythmogenic substrate. To elucidate the mechanisms whereby α-adrenergic stimulation exacerbates these arrhythmias we tested the effects of phenylephrine on both arrhythmogenic trigger and substrate. Methods and results: We used microelectrode techniques to record action potentials from LV and right ventricular (RV) PF and from midmyocardial sections of anteroseptal, anterobasal and posterobasal LV wall of unafflicted and afflicted dogs. EADs occurred spontaneously in 8 of 12 LV PF and in no RV PF from afflicted dogs and in no PF from unafflicted dogs. In LV PF from afflicted dogs, phenylephrine (10−9–10−5 M) concentration-dependently decreased membrane potential, induced abnormal automaticity at membrane potentials from −65 to −45 mV in 6 LV PF and potentiated EADs in another 6. To determine the mechanisms of membrane depolarization we studied phenylephrine effects on I K1 in voltage-clamped single LV and RV PF cells from afflicted dogs. In LV PF, phenylephrine (10−5 M) reduced I K1 over the range of −120 to −40 mV and had no effects on RV PF. Regional heterogeneity of LV repolarization was observed in afflicted dogs only. Phenylephrine had no effects on repolarization in either group. Conclusion(s): α-adrenergic stimulation exacerbates arrhythmias in afflicted dogs by increasing the arrhythmogenic trigger while leaving the substrate unchanged. Decrease in I K1 contributes importantly to α-adrenergic effects on LV PF.
A survivability framework for connection-oriented group communications

This paper presents a framework for providing survivability to group communications where part of the underlying traffic layer infrastructure is connection-oriented. The framework is multi-layered to express the virtual overlays inherent to networked systems, describes survivability issues unique to group communications, and outlines tradeoffs between restoration techniques that can be extended from circuit-switched communications. The conclusion is disjoint dedicated backup route sets to provide survivability for connection-oriented group communications is preferable but more research needs to be done on coordination between layers and scalable techniques within the survivability framework presented.
Hemodynamic and Caxdiometabolic Effects of Infrarenal Aortic and Common Iliac Artery Declamping in Man—An Approach to Optimal Volume Loading

Nineteen patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery were randomly assigned to two groups and investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of declamping hypotension. The control group of nine patients was kept at an average mean pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (MPAOP) of 11 mmHg (1.46 kPa) before declamping. The other group was volume loaded to a MPAOP of 16 mmHg (2.13 kPa) shortly before declamping. Following declamping there was a significantly greater decrease in mean arterial pressure in the control group, with the same reduction of MPAOP in both groups. In parallel, cardiac and stroke volume indices decreased in the control patients, but remained unchanged in the volume-loaded patients. In the control group there was a reduction in myocardial substrate utilization which was not seen in the volume-loaded patients. No signs of myocardial ischemia could be demonstrated in any of the groups. The results indicate that mismatching between intravascular volume and blood volume is the main cause of infrarenal aortic or common iliac artery declamping hypotension. Volume loading before declamping to a slightly elevated MPAOP can effectively prevent hypotension, while a normal MPAOP does not guarantee a stable hemodynamic situation after declamping.
Effect of Backpressure on Ion Current Density Measurements in Hall Thruster Plumes

The effects of facility backpressure and localized electric fields on the measured ion current densities of Hall thrusters are investigated. Langmuir probe measurements are taken in the near-field plasma surrounding a nude Faraday probe, which is located 1 m from the exit plane of the University of Michigan/U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory P5 Hall thruster. The thruster is operated at an anode flow rate of 5.30 mg/s, at backpressures of 1.5 × 10 −3 Pa (1.1 × 10 −5 torr) and 4.8 × × 10 −4 Pa (3.6 × × 10 −6 torr), corrected for xenon. The effect of the facility backpressure is clearly seen in the wings of the plume. A combination of charge-exchange collisions and vacuum chamber gas ingestion into the thruster is believed to be the cause of this phenomenon. The Langmuir probe results indicate that the electric fields near the nude Faraday probe are functions of facility backpressure and the angle from the thruster centerline. The plasma potential measured within 20 mm of the probe varied by no more than 3V .Thus, the electric fields near the nude Faraday probe are not large enough to explain the increased collection of charge-exchange ions at elevated facility background pressures and large angles from the thruster centerline.
Heterogeneity, stability, and efficiency in distributed systems

This paper explores the increasing the heterogeneity of an agent population to stabilize decentralized systems by adding bias terms to each agent's expected payoffs. Two approaches are evaluated, corresponding to heterogeneous preferences and heterogeneous transaction costs; empirically, the transaction cost case provides stability with near optimal payoffs under certain conditions. Theoretically, in the idealized case of an infinite number of agents, it is proven that the system with added heterogeneous preferences has a fired point different from that of the unbiased system, guaranteeing suboptimal perfomance, while the transaction cast case is demonstrated to have a fixed point identical to that of the unbiased system, and it is further shown to be a contraction mapping, guaranteeing convergence. This contraction mapping allows us to conceptualize the model with heterogeneous transaction costs as a decentralized root finding system.
An Intrinsically Switchable FBAR Filter Based on Barium Titanate Thin Films

A switchable thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) filter based on barium titanate (BTO) thin films is reported for the first time. BTO is a ferroelectric material which possesses electrostriction, giving the filter the ability to be placed in either an on state or an off state by changing the applied dc bias voltage. A 1.5 stage ladder type bandpass filter using BTO FBARs has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The application of a 15 V dc bias results in the filter being place in an on state with a center frequency of 2.14 GHz, a 40 MHz bandwidth and 6.2 dB of insertion loss. Conversely, the application of a - 3 V dc bias results in the filter being placed in an off state with 15 dB of rejection. This filter is very compact with dimensions of 40 mum by 80 mum.
Delay-modeling of NAND gates

A model for evaluating the propagation delay, rise and fall time of NAND gates is proposed. The model includes the shape of the input waveform, the capacitive load, and the transconductances of the NMOS and the PMOS transistors. The effect of the position of the first active input is included in the model. The proposed model is compared with SPICE for accuracy and computation speed. >
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pediatrics.

Purpose of reviewCommunity-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging problem in pediatrics, with clinical and microbiologic characteristics that differentiate it from hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA).Recent findingsRelative to HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA tends to cause local
The measure theory of random fractals

In 1951 A. S. Besicovitch, who was my research supervisor, suggested that I look at the problem of determining the dimension of the range of a Brownian motion path. This problem had been communicated to him by C. Loewner, but it was a natural question which had already attracted the attention of Paul Levy. It was a good problem to give to an ignorant Ph.D. student because it forced him to learn the potential theory of Frostman [33] and Riesz[75] as well as the Wiener [98] definition of mathematical Brownian motion. In fact the solution of that first problem in [81] used only ideas which were already twenty-five years old, though at the time they seemed both new and original to me. My purpose in this paper is to try to trace the development of these techniques as they have been exploited by many authors and used in diverse situations since 1953. As we do this in the limited space available it will be impossible to even outline all aspects of the development, so I make no apology for giving a biased account concentrating on those areas of most interest to me. At the same time I will make conjectures and suggest some problems which are natural and accessible in the hope of stimulating further research.
Pyrolytic production of Se (3P) from carbon diselenide. I. Equilibrium

Thermodynamic characteristics of the dissociation of carbon diselenide are examined. Results of a shock-tube study of CSe2 pyrolysis are combined with previously unreported photoionization spectroscopy data on CSe2 and with a critical examination of the available literature on Se(g), Se2(g), CSe(g), CSe2(g), and CSe2(t). Based on the best currently available information, recommendations are made for the values of enthalpies, entropies, heat capacities, and derived functions. In particular, the most likely value for ΔH0 (CSe2(g) CSe(g) + Se(g, 3P)) is +83 kcal/mol, and for Kp at 2000°K it is 0.018 atm.
What happens when cardiac Na channels lose their function? 1 – Numerical studies of the vulnerable period in tissue expressing mutant channels

Objective: The vulnerable period (VP) defines an interval during which premature impulses can trigger reentrant arrhythmias leading to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. The mechanistic basis of the success or failure of impulse propagation during the VP remains unclear. Recent clinical reports of gene mutations, drugs and cardiac disease link a variety of often lethal conditions with loss of cardiac Na channel function (NaLOF) and reentrant proarrhythmia. We hypothesized that during the VP, the Na conductance at the stimulus site is graded and that NaLOF would favor reentry specifically by flattening this gradient, which would destabilize antegrade front formation. Methods: Using numerical studies of propagation in a one-dimensional cable of ventricular cells, we identified the boundaries of the VP using paired (s1-s2) stimulation. We explored VP alterations associated with different NaLOF scenarios including reduced channel density, accelerated rate of inactivation, and prolonged recovery from inactivation. Results: Following the passage of a wave over the s2 site, a gradient in the restoration of Na channel conductance was demonstrated to exist during the VP. The VP boundaries coincided with different thresholds for stable retrograde and antegrade impulse propagation. Reducing channel density, accelerating inactivation and slowing the recovery from inactivation flattened the restoration gradient and extended the VP. VP extension was directly proportional to the time constant of Na channel recovery. Conclusions: Mutations that accelerate inactivation, slow recovery from inactivation, or reduce Na channel density flatten the restoration gradient within the VP which prolongs the VP and increases the probability that a premature impulse will initiate reentry. These studies define a new mechanism that links alterations in Na channel function with conditions that enable premature excitation to generate proarrhythmia and sudden death.  2002 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Dragging along: the glycocalyx and vascular endothelial cell mechanotransduction.

See related article, pages 770–776 The glycocalyx is a complex and highly dynamic polymeric meshwork that coats the surfaces of most cells and consists of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and glycoproteins, as well as adherent plasma proteins.1,2 In the microvasculature, the glycocalyx layer on the endothelial cell surface plays a critical role in regulating vessel permeability, modulating the dynamics of near-wall movement of red blood cells, and coordinating interactions between leukocytes and the vascular wall during inflammation. In large-vessel endothelium, perturbation of the glycocalyx appears to be associated with vascular damage, as well as increased vulnerability to the development of atherosclerosis.3–5 A number of studies have demonstrated that the presence of an intact glycocalyx is essential for endothelial cell sensitivity and responsiveness to fluid mechanical stimulation, thereby supporting the idea of a central role for the glycocalyx in endothelial cell flow-mediated mechanotransduction.6–12 In this issue of Circulation Research , Potter and Damiano13 use fluorescent microparticle image velocimetry (μ-PIV) to demonstrate that the hydrodynamically relevant endothelial cell glycocalyx surface layer observed in vivo in mouse cremaster muscle venules is absent from the surfaces of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) grown in circular collagen microchannels and maintained in vitro under standard cell culture conditions. The μ-PIV technique allows the measurement of the velocity profile of fluid flow within the venule or microchannel. A linear regression analysis of the near-wall velocity is performed, and the resulting fit is extrapolated to the venule or microchannel wall. If this extrapolation leads to a negative velocity at the wall, …
Longitudinal evaluation of clinical and colonization methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates among veterans.

Using the Veterans’ Health Administration MRSA Directive as a platform to collect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization isolates and an active MRSA infection surveillance program, the genetic relatedness of colonization and infection isolates was evaluated. Infection and colonization strain concordance was found in 85.7% of patients. The USA 500 MRSA strain was identified in 31.8% of patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3
A Note on the Meaning of Cabinet Durability

Cabinet durability is widely — but not very plausibly — regarded as an indicator of regime stability. The alternative, and more convincing, interpretation is that it reflects executive dominance in executive-legislative relationships.
Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 B.C.

We assemble a dataset on technology adoption in 1000 BC, 0 AD, and 1500 AD for the predecessors to today's nation states. We find that this very old history of technology adoption is surprisingly significant for today's national development outcomes. Our strong and robust results are for 1500 AD determining per capita income today. We find technological persistence across long epochs: from 1000 BC to 0 AD, from 0 AD to 1500 AD, and from 1500 AD to the present. Although the data allow only some suggestive tests of rival hypotheses to explain long - run technological persistence, we find the evidence to be most consistent with a model of endogenous technology adoption where the cost of adopting new technologies declines sufficiently with the current level of adoption. The evidence is less consistent with a dominant role for population as predicted by the semi - endogenous growth models or for country - level factors like culture, genes or institutions.
Mapping ‘Gender Evaluation’ in South Asia

This article reviews literature on gender, development and evaluation to map the emerging theoretical terrain of measuring change in gender relations in South Asia. It traces the separate but related trajectories of thinking on gender and development, of ‘evaluation culture’, and of conducting social science research to explore the points where these conflict and converge. It also presents an overview of the most commonly used frameworks employed in gender evaluations, and critically examines whether and how these are appropriate in the context of South Asia, drawing especially on examples from India.
Membranous obstruction of hepatic Inferior Vena Cava: A rare finding in the workup of ascites and oedema.

44 years old Caucasian female presented with new-onset ascites with extremity edema and work up indicated absence of hepatic, cardiac or hematologic diseases. Imaging suggested Budd-Chiari (Image 1), abdominal venography demonstrated a blunt occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) prior to junction with suprahepatic IVC (Image 2). Attempts to cannulate thick web-like segment with a Kumpe and Cobra style catheter over flexible Glidewire by femoral approach were unsuccessful. It was thus decided to position an endovascular snare at the level of the occlusion via jugular approach, a Kumpe catheter was advanced after carefully piercing the occlusion with the back end of a stiff Glidewire which was then snared successfully. Sequential balloon dilatation was then performed using 8/10/12, and 14 mm catheters. Post-completion venography showed no restriction to IVC flow and disappearance of collaterals (Image 2). She was started on anticoagulation with resolution of ascites and edema subsequently. Hepatic IVC obstruction remains a rare cause of hepatic outflow obstruction, and development of IVC collaterals may delay presentation. The diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent development of advanced liver disease and portal hypertension. Endovascular treatment without stent placement has diverse long-term outcomes data, however is shown to be safe and well tolerated with no immediate technical complications i.e. embolization, bleeding, infection, or hematoma. Patients mostly require anticoagulation to prevent IVC thrombosis.
Youth Gangs and Black Suburbs

This study addresses a neglected topic in delinquency research: Youth gangs in suburban communities. Evidence is presented to refute blanket assertions about the absence of ganging activity outside of central cities. Such assertions may stem from a failure to recognize that not all suburbs are affluent, a critical oversight in the case of the suburbanized black population. Ganging activity among black suburban youngsters in the Chicago SMSA is shown to vary sharply with the level of poverty in a community. The results support traditional social control interpretations of the etiology of youth gangs.
Scalable nanofabrication of U-shaped nanowire resonators with tunable optical magnetism

Split ring resonators have been studied extensively in reconstituting the diminishing magnetism at high electromagnetic frequencies in nature. However, breakdown in the linear scaling of artificial magnetism is found to occur at the near-infrared frequency mainly due to the increasing contribution of self-inductance while reducing dimensions of the resonators. Although alternative designs have enabled artificial magnetism at optical frequencies, their sophisticated configurations and fabrication procedures do not lend themselves to easy implementation. Here, we report scalable nanofabrication of U-shaped nanowire resonators (UNWRs) using the high-throughput nanotransfer printing method. By providing ample area for conducting oscillating electric current, UNWRs overcome the saturation of the geometric scaling of the artificial magnetism. We experimentally demonstrated coarse and fine tuning of LC resonances over a wide wavelength range from 748 nm to 1600 nm. The added flexibility in transferring to other substrates makes UNWR a versatile building block for creating functional metamaterials in three dimensions.
A Rapid, Fluorescence-Based Field Screening Technique for Organic Species in Soil and Water Matrices

Real-time detection of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment presents analytical challenges because traditional laboratory-based techniques are cumbersome and not readily field portable. In the current work, a method for rapid and semi-quantitative detection of organic contaminants, primarily crude oil, in natural water and soil matrices has been developed. Detection limits in the parts per million and parts per billion were accomplished when using visual and digital detection methods, respectively. The extraction technique was modified from standard methodologies used for hydrocarbon analysis and provides a straight-forward separation technique that can remove interference from complex natural constituents. For water samples this method is semi-quantitative, with recoveries ranging from 70 % to 130 %, while measurements of soil samples are more qualitative due to lower extraction efficiencies related to the limitations of field-deployable procedures.
Stepwise Conversion of a Platinum Dimethyl Complex to a Perfluorometallacyclobutane Derivative

In this report, we have demonstrated proof-in-principle that simple dimethyl metal complexes could be used to generate perfluorometallacyclobutane derivatives. With the new methodology, we have more than doubled the number of known perfluorometallacyclobutanes in the literature. We have also structurally characterized three platinum perfluorometallacyclobutanes and have described a unique transformation whereby one [Pt(C3F6)] functionality is converted to [Pt(C3F4O2)]. The new methodology to prepare perfluorometallacyclobutanes also avoids the use of tetrafluoroethylene, which is becoming increasingly difficult to purchase due to the explosion hazards associated with its use.
Biology and Immature Stages of Atrichomelina Pubera (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)

Information is presented on the life history of the common marsh fly Atrichomelina pubera (Loew), the larvae of which kill and consume aquatic, pulmonate snails of various species. Stress is laid on feeding methods of the larvae, seasonal aspects, parasitoid Hymenoptera, and other ethological and ecological considerations. Distribution of the species is given. Descriptions and figures are presented of the egg, three larval instars, and puparia. Morphological characteristics that may be diagnostic for sciomyzid larvae in general are suggested.
Diffusion of Entangled Rod–Coil Block Copolymers

The diffusion of entangled rod–coil block copolymers is investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and theories are introduced that describe the observed features and underlying physics. The reptation of rod–coil block copolymers is dominated by the mismatch between the curvature of the rod and coil entanglement tubes, which results in dramatically slower diffusion of rod–coils compared to the rod and coil homopolymers. For small rods, a local curvature-dependent free energy penalty results in a rough energy surface inside the entanglement tube, causing diffusivity to decrease with rod length. For large rods, rotational hindrances on the rod dominate, causing the coil block to relax by an arm retraction mechanism and diffusivity to decrease exponentially with coil size.
Pyrethrum and Oils for Protection against Salt-Marsh Sand Flies (Culicoides).

During the past two years experiments have been conducted at Savannah, Ga., and Fort Pierce, Fla., to determine the effectiveness of a mixture of pyrethrum extract and light lubricating oil, when applied to window and door screens, for preventing sand flies (Culicoides) from entering buildings and annoying the persons within. Such a mixture, to be successful, must combine killing or repelling power, lasting quality and ease of application. In the tests conducted, two combinations of oil and pyrethrum proved to have all these properties.
Cattle Grubs: Evaluation of New Animal Systemic Insecticides, 1971–72

Of 44 animal systemic insecticides and 4 juvenile hormone analogues administered orally or dermally to cattle for control of cattle grubs, Hypoderma spp., only the following afforded 90% control: Bay 85950(glyoxylonitrile p -hydroxyphenyl isopropyl mercaptal O, O -dimethyl phosphorothioate) at 10 mg/kg orally and as an 0.25% spray; CIBA C-18244 ( O -(2, 5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O -ethyl ethylphosphonothioate) at 50 mg/kg orally; Esso EH-2431 ( S -[2-(ethylthio)propyl] O, O -dimethyl phosphorodithoiate) at 10 mg/kg orally; Hercules 18676 ( p-tert -butylphenyl (Mercaptoacetyl)methylcarbamate S -ester with O, O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate) at 100 mg/kg orally; Plant Protection, Ltd., PP-156 (1, 4-dithiepan-6-one N -[(methylcarbamoyl) oxyloxime) as an 0.25% spray; and Stauffer R-15201 ( O, O -diethyl phosphorothioate O -ester with 4′-hydroxy-2′-methylocetophenone oxime N -acetate) as a 10 and 20% pouron (100 ml/animal).
Assembly Cost Reduction With Wafer Level Die Attach Film

Die attach adhesive is used to connect silicon die together in a chip package. Traditionally, liquid or film adhesive was applied on the surface of the die that was to be attached, and the die was placed on the adhesive. Today the number of dies stacked are increasing, and the thickness of the dies are decreasing. Adhesive lamination quality, adhesive to die edge accuracy, and reduced assembly process steps are all necessary moving forward. An innovative method of applying film on the wafer before the dies are separated, accomplishes these goals. A poster will be used to compare unit versus wafer level die attach film. The poster will clearly show the reduction of the process steps, reduction of the equipment, and the improvement in quality resulting from wafer level die attach film.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Diet and Foraging Behavior of Vaux's Swifts in Northeastern Oregon

The diet ofVaux's Swifts (Chaetura vauxi) during the breeding season consisted primarily of insects in the orders Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, whiteflies), Diptera (flies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), and Hymenoptera (ants, parasitic wasps). Diet was determined from 223 food boluses collected from adults feeding nestlings and represented 24,133 individual insects and spiders. Diet did not differ among five study areas or by time of day. A pair of swifts feeds an average of 5,344 arthropods to their nestlings each day, and an average of 154,976 arthropods during the nestling growth period. Radio-tagged swifts foraged up to 5.4 km from the nest. Of actual sightings of radiotagged birds, 64% were foraging over land, 27% were foraging over water, and 9% were traveling in a straight line.
Filtering Nonlinear Turbulent Dynamical Systems through Conditional Gaussian Statistics

AbstractIn this paper, a general conditional Gaussian framework for filtering complex turbulent systems is introduced. Despite the conditional Gaussianity, such systems are nevertheless highly nonlinear and are able to capture the non-Gaussian features of nature. The special structure of the filter allows closed analytical formulas for updating the posterior states and is thus computationally efficient. An information-theoretic framework is developed to assess the model error in the filter estimates. Three types of applications in filtering conditional Gaussian turbulent systems with model error are illustrated. First, dyad models are utilized to illustrate that ignoring the energy-conserving nonlinear interactions in designing filters leads to significant model errors in filtering turbulent signals from nature. Then a triad (noisy Lorenz 63) model is adopted to understand the model error due to noise inflation and underdispersion. It is also utilized as a test model to demonstrate the efficiency of a nov...
352 Cases of Retreatment Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective To understand retreatment smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and effect.Methods Analyzed 352 retreatment smear positive cases registered during 2005 to 2009.Results Among the total 352 cases,middle-aged patients account for 67%.314 cases adopted standardized regimen,accounting for 89.2%.Of those,at the end of the 2nd and 3rd month after starting treatment,the rate of sputum positive-turned-negative were 88.2% and 91.7%,respectively.Average cure rate was 86.9%.38 cases adopted nonstandard regimen,accounting for 10.8%.Reasons for nonstandard regimen are drug resistance,adverse drug reaction,or other complications.Conclusion The causes for retreated smear positive TB cases were improper use of medication and irregular use of treatment.
Pijnlijke diabetische polyneuropathie: een never-ending story?

Distale sensomotorische symmetrische polyneuropathie (DSPN) is vaak een sluipende aandoening. Een eenvoudige test om neuropathie te diagnosticeren is er niet, waardoor de arts afhankelijk is van een medische anamnese en een klinisch onderzoek met simpele technieken. De diagnose wordt gesteld door het uitsluiten van andere oorzaken. Bij 10% van de patienten met DM en neuropathie worden de symptomen niet veroorzaakt door DSPN, maar bijvoorbeeld door alcoholisme, behandeling met cytostatica of een vitaminedeficientie.
Control of the Initiation of Lambda Replication, oop, lit and Repressor Establishment RNA Synthesis

A goal of our work is to understand the mechanism for initiation of replication and stimulation of transcription from the origin (ori) region of bacteriophage lambda. The initiation of λ bidirectional DNA synthesis and two modes of λ transcription, (a) oop, lit RNA synthesis and (b) repressor establishment transcription, are regulated by ori dependent events. The requirements for ori dependent RNA and DNA synthesis are summarized in this report. Transcription and replication are measured from noninduced and induced prophage which are derepressed by thermally inactivating the λ repressor. This system provides for highly reproducible synchrony and permits characterization of the development of initially one phage per cell.
Nuclear Import of JAK1 Is Mediated by a Classical NLS and Is Required for Survival of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

JAKs are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are generally found in association with cytokine receptors. In the canonical pathway, roles of JAKs have well been established in activating STATs in response to cytokine stimulation to modulate gene transcription. In contrast, a noncanonical role of JAK2 has recently been discovered, in which JAK2 in the nucleus imparts the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through phosphorylation of tyrosine 41 on the histone protein H3. Recent work further demonstrated that this noncanonical mechanism is conserved with JAK1, which is activated by the autocrine cytokines IL6 and IL10 in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL), a cancer type that is particularly difficult to treat and has poor prognosis. However, how JAK1 gains access to the nucleus to enable epigenetic regulation remains undefined. Here, we investigated this question and revealed that JAK1 has a classical nuclear localization signal toward the N-terminal region, which can be recognized by multiple importin α isoforms. Moreover, the nuclear import of JAK1 is independent of its kinase activity but is required for the optimal expansion of ABC DLBCL cells in vitroImplications: This study demonstrates that the nuclear import of JAK1 is essential for the optimal fitness of ABC DLBCL cells, and targeting JAK1 nuclear localization is a potential therapeutic strategy for ABC DLBCL. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 348-57. ©2016 AACR.
An evaluation of thermic production methods for magnesium

Preliminary technological and cost evaluation studies of thermic magnesium production methods —based on information obtained from the literature and from Defense Plant Corp. operation files—are reported. Two hypothetical plants used in the studies—one based on carbothermic techniques, the other on metallothermic techniques—are described. Process modifications indicated for further research on the carbothermic method include the use of liquid hydrocarbon for quenching the magnesium vapor and continuous retorting of the quenched product. For the metallothermic method, improvements include the use of aluminum silicon as a reductant and the development of larger capacity batch reduction retorts or a continuous reduction method.
Software certification in practice: how are standards being applied?

Certification schemes exist to regulate software systems and prevent them from being deployed before they are judged fit to use. However, practitioners are often unsatisfied with the efficiency of certification standards and processes. In this study, we analyzed two certification standards, Common Criteria and DO-178C, and collected insights from literature and from interviews with subject-matter experts to identify concepts affecting the efficiency of certification processes. Our results show that evaluation time, reusability of evaluation artifacts, and composition of systems and certified artifacts are barriers to achieve efficient certification.
Peri-implantitis: Causation and Treatment

The continued increase in the placement of dental implants, while modifying the course of and improving treatment, has spawned a set of problems endemic to the therapy. This chapter explores peri-implantitis including its prevalence and histologic features. Identification of the etiology and microbiology of the entity are traced. Periodontitis has been found to play an important role in susceptibility. The differences between ailing and failing implants are defined. Finally, the history, evolution, and methods of treatment of these problems by various researchers and clinicians are explored. These citations include techniques discussed by Meffert, Lang, and Froum. The complexity of peri-implantitis, as expected, will require much in further study. Of paramount clinical importance is the maintenance phase of implant restoration. By vigilant monitoring, both early detection and interventions can enhance outcomes.