cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted

Fiefs and Vassals has changed our view of the medieval world. It offers a fundamental challenge to orthodox conceptions of feudalism. Susan Reynolds argues that the concepts of the fief and of vassalage, as understood by historians of medieval Europe, were constructed by post-medieval scholars from the works of medieval academic lawyers and tha they provide a bad guide to the realities of medieval society. This is a radical new examination of relations between rulers, nobles, and free men, the distillation of wide-ranging research by a leading medieval historian. It has revolutionized the way we think of the Middle Ages.
The Ruth Crawford Seeger Sessions

Ruth Crawford Seeger (1901–1953), an American experimental composer active in the 1920s and 1930s, devoted the second half of her career to transcribing, arranging, performing, teaching, and writing about American folk music. Many works from Crawford Seeger's collections for children, including “Nineteen American Folk Songs” and “American Folk Songs for Children,” are widely sung and recorded, but her monumental efforts to publish them often remain unacknowledged. This article underscores the link between her work in American traditional music and Bruce Springsteen's best-selling 2006 album “We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions” in order to give Crawford Seeger due credit for her contributions. By examining her prose writings and song settings, this article illuminates aspects of her thinking about American traditional music and elements of her unusual and striking arrangements, which were deeply informed by her modernist ear.
Circular retrotransposition products generated by a LINE retrotransposon

Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons are highly abundant elements that are present in chromosomes throughout the eukaryotic domain of life. The long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1) (L1) clade of non-LTR retrotransposons has been particularly successful in mammals, accounting for 30–40% of human genome sequence. The current model of LINE retrotransposition, target-primed reverse transcription, culminates in a chromosomally integrated end product. Using a budding yeast model of non-LTR retrotransposition, we show that in addition to producing these ‘classical’, chromosomally integrated products, a fungal L1 clade member (Zorro3) can generate abundant, RNA-derived episomal products. Genetic evidence suggests that these products are likely to be formed via a variation of target-primed reverse transcription. These episomal products are a previously unseen alternative fate of LINE retrotransposition, and may represent an unexpected source for de novo retrotransposition.
The use of oral pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) versus oral chloral hydrate in infants undergoing CT and MR imaging--a pilot study.

Background. Chloral hydrate, a commonly used oral sedative for infants undergoing imaging examinations, has a bitter taste and requires relatively large volume, provoking unpleasant reactions from the infants. Experience with an alternative sedative, oral pentobarbital (Nembutal), has not been reported for infants Objective. To compare patient acceptance of oral Nembutal and oral chloral hydrate for sedation of infants up to 12 months of age. Methods and materials. Fifty-four infants (mean age: 7 months) were prospectively enrolled. Parents chose Nembutal, chloral hydrate, or no preference. Thirty-eight infants received Nembutal (4–6 mg/kg) mixed with cherry syrup and 16 received chloral hydrate (50–100 mg/kg). We recorded infant's acceptance of sedative, parental impression of infant's acceptance, time to sedation, time to discharge, adverse effects, parental preference of future sedative. Results. Infant acceptance and parental impression were better for Nembutal (P < 0.0001). Fewer parents in the Nembutal group preferred another sedative (P = 0.05). There was a trend toward shorter time to discharge with Nembutal (P = 0.03). There were no adverse effects in either group. One infant failed to sedate with Nembutal. Conclusions. Compared with chloral hydrate, oral Nembutal has significantly better acceptance by infants and parents, equal effectiveness, and may result in a shorter time to discharge.
The ferrozine method revisited: Fe(II)/Fe(III) determination in natural waters

Abstract The original ferrozine method has been modified to sequentially determine the Fe(II)/Fe(III) speciation in small volumes of fresh and marine water samples, at the submicromolar level. Spectrophotometric analyses of the Fe(II)–ferrozine complex are performed on a single aliquot before and after a reduction step with hydroxylamine. The procedure is calibrated using Fe(III) standards stable under normal conditions of analysis. It is shown also that the presence of high concentrations of dissolved NOM (natural organic matter) do not create any significant artifacts. The method was used to measure Fe(II) and Fe(III) depth distribution in salt marsh pore waters and in a stratified marine basin.
An empirical analysis of return on investment maximization in sponsored search auctions

We empirically investigate whether advertisers are maximizing their return on investment (ROI) across multiple keywords in sponsored search auctions. Because testing for ROI maximization relies on knowledge of advertisers' private true values per click, we instead use necessary (although not sufficient) conditions for ROI maximizing behavior that rely only on advertisers' bids. We classify advertisers based on the extent to which they satisfy the test conditions. Our results indicate that a large fraction of advertisers in the Yahoo Webscope first price data set may be following ROI-based strategies.
B-ternary logic and evaluation of binary logic programs

A kind of ternary logic function called ternary-extended-from-binary (TEB) logic function is introduced, its relationship to previously studied B-ternary logic is mentioned, and its relationship to the evaluation of binary logic functions is studied. A method of evaluating binary logic functions using TEB-ternary functions is proposed. An advantage of the method is that it is possible to avoid unnecessary searches. >
B-halogenation of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine–bisborane

Abstract N,N,N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine–bisborane (TMED·2BH 3 ) has been treated with HF, HCl, HBr, and Br 2 and the reactions monitored with pmr. The new compounds TMED·2BH 2 X (X = F, Cl, Br) and TMED·2BHX 2 (X = Br) were isolated and characterized. The course of halogen substitution is believed to reflect the influence of an inductive effect in agreement with an earlier study. The probable mechanism of halogenation is discussed.
Coupled mode analysis of polarization volume hologram

We theoretically analyze polarization holographic recording based on photoinduced dichroism and birefringence. Such vectorial recording is achieved by preferentially transforming dye molecules aligned with the incident polarization in dynamic photoanisotropic organic materials. Orthogonal linear and orthogonal circular recording geometries, which produce only pure polarization modulations, are considered. The analytic solutions of the intensity and phase of the recording beams at steady state are derived. The theoretical results indicate the dependence of diffraction efficiency on the photoinduced dichroism and birefringence and on the polarization state of the probe beam. Results of numerical simulation are provided and compared with the analytic solutions. >
Training teachers as mediators: Efficacy of a workshop versus the bug-in-the-ear technique

Abstract The implementation of behavior modification techniques in school settings often relies on effective training of teachers as mediators. At the conclusion of Phase I, the performance of an experimental group of 13 teachers who were taught behavior modification by means of an inservice workshop was compared with a no-treatment control group. Although the experimental group scored higher on a paper-and-pencil test of behavior modification, there were no differences between the two groups on selected observed in-class behaviors. During Phase II, half of the experimental group of teachers received two hours of bug-in-the-ear (BIE) training in their own classrooms. BIE resulted in changes in the classroom behaviors of praise and contingency statements. These results are discussed in terms of the situation and response mode specificity of behavior and in terms of the implications for future workshops and research.
NANOSCALE JOULE HEATING ALONG SILICON NANOWIRE AND ITS NANOSCALE HEATER APPLICATION

In this paper, we present numerical and experimental studies on the nanoscale Joule heating along the single crystalline silicon nanowires. 50–100nm wide single crystalline silicon nanowires are heated via Joule heating by applying an electrical potential across them. Numerical simulation result predicts an extremely localized temperature field by resistive heating of silicon nanowire. We experimentally verified this highly localized heating of silicon nanowires by AFM imaging of localized thermal ablation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film. This result implies potential applications of silicon nanowires as nanoscale heaters for the generation of highly localized temperature fields.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Mal de débarquement syndrome

The recent review of mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) by Saha and Fife1 covered many aspects of the illness, but there is additional information that your readers should know. Using results from NASA experiments on humans2 and experiments from our laboratory on subhuman primates,3 Dai devised a treatment for MdDS that has proven to be successful in a large proportion of patients with MdDS. We demonstrated that 70% of 24 people with MdDS were symptom free for an average of 1 year after treatment.4 Subsequently, we have been contacted by many patients with MdDS and currently have treated more than 100. Although we do not have adequate follow-up yet (treatment only began in …
Compact embedding results of Sobolev spaces and existence of positive solutions to quasilinear equations

Abstract In this paper, we study mainly the existence of multiple positive solutions for a quasilinear elliptic equation of the following form on R N , when N ≥ 2 , (0.1) − Δ N u + V ( x ) | u | N − 2 u = λ | u | r − 2 u + f ( x , u ) . Here, V ( x ) > 0 : R N → R is a suitable potential function, r ∈ ( 1 , N ) , f ( x , u ) is a continuous function of N-superlinear and subcritical exponential growth without having the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition , while λ > 0 is a constant. A suitable Moser–Trudinger inequality and the compact embedding W V 1 , N ( R N ) ↪ L r ( R N ) are proved to study problem (0.1) . Moreover, the compact embedding H V 1 ( R N ) ↪ L K t ( R N ) is also analyzed to investigate the existence of a positive ground state to the following nonlinear Schrodinger equation (0.2) − Δ u + V ( x ) u = K ( x ) g ( u ) with potentials vanishing at infinity in a measure-theoretic sense when N ≥ 3 .
Relational integration, part I: Differentiated relationality between psychology and theology

In Part I of a two-part manuscript, we describe the contours of a relational integration approach to the relationship between psychology and theology. This approach builds on the tradition of the i...
Probing the molecular design of hyper-branched aryl polyesters towards lubricant applications

We report novel polymeric materials that may be used as viscosity index improvers (VII) for lubricant applications. Our efforts included probing the comb-burst hyper-branched aryl polyester architecture for beneficial viscosity and friction behavior when utilized as an additive in a group I oil. The monomer was designed as to undergo polymerization via polycondensation within the architectural construct (AB2), typical of hyperbranched polymers. The monomer design was comprised of aliphatic arms (12 or 16 methylenes) to provide the necessary lipophilicity to achieve solubility in a non-polar medium. Once polymerized, via catalyst and heat, the surface alcohols were functionalized with fatty acids (lauric and palmitic). Controlling the aliphatic nature of the internal arms and peripheral end-groups provided four unique flexible polymer designs. Changing the reaction time and concentration provided opportunities to investigate the influence of molecular weight and branching density on oil-solubility, viscosity, and friction. Oil-solubility was found to decrease with fewer internal carbons, but the number of internal carbons appears to have little influence on the bulk solution viscosity. At concentrations of 2 wt % in a group I base oil, these polymer additives demonstrated an improved viscosity index and reduced friction coefficient, validating the basic approach.
Health and Physical Education Teacher-Preparation Implementation of Clinical Practices: Integrating Academic Content to Real-World Application.

We live in a rapidly changing world with technology as an essential part of our lives and an important component in contemporary education. Preparing teachers for the future requires that university professors understand what it means to teach and learn in the digital age. Teacher preparation programs need to create intentional learning environments where teacher candidates can study contemporary issues that are relevant in today's schools, develop pedagogies that are effective for the current generation of students, and develop expertise to design and facilitate meaningful learning for the future. Educational stakeholders, especially teacher educators, need to change how they approach and use instructional practices, change the routines, change how they and the teacher candidates think about teaching and learning, and change the pedagogical approach. The purpose of this article is to provide an example of a physical education teacher preparation program that has addressed the need for a new model in teac...
Leveraging Airborne Networks: Scene Reconstruction Using Incidental Measurements

Unmanned aerial systems, and specifically airborne networking technology, can provide unique capabilities for the monitoring and management of large-scale environmental and geopolitical events (e.g., forest fires, oil slicks, battlefields, urban warfare, etc). In particular, these technologies hold promise for permitting pervasive sensing of large-scale spatiotemporal dynamical processes, by permitting high density measurement at relatively low cost. The measurements can potentially be leveraged to reconstruct and forecast the dynamical processes of interest, and these estimates/forecasts in turn can be used to facilitate management. While this use of UAS technology is potentially transformative, significant challenges remain in developing algorithms for the inference of complex dynamical processes from pervasive measurements. The research presented here aims to contribute to the development and characterization of such inference algorithms. The inference of spatiotemporal processes using UAS-based measurements (including from airborne networks) is complicated by several factors:
Method Versus Substance: How Strong are Underlying Relationships Between Job Characteristics and Attitudinal Outcomes?

This study compared the relative strengths of the effects of method versus substance on relationships between job characteristics and attitudinal outcomes. Reports from both job incumbents and nonincumbents on job characteristics and job attitudes were compared for 509 employees of four organizations. Substantive relationships were observed between job characteristics and effort, supporting the job characteristics model. Common method effects, however, inflated relationships between job characteristics and affective outcomes, thereby supporting the social information processing model. Implications are discussed for other areas of organizational research that rely on single data sources.
Use of renin-angiotensin system blockade in patients with renal artery stenosis.

In his work as a pathologist in the early 20th century, Harry Goldblatt recognized that patients with hypertension were exceptionally prone to renovascular sclerosis on autopsy. The renal lesions were more frequent and severe than the atherosclerotic changes appreciated in any other organ in these
Abstract 1967: Multi-stage silicon vector-delivered tumor antigen and TLR ligands for dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has shown promise in cancer treatment but achieved limited success in clinic trials. With this strategy, eliciting strong antitumor immune response in vivo remains a challenge, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inefficient delivery of cancer vaccine. Nanoparticle-delivered antigen together with adjuvants provides a promising strategy to increase the vaccine delivery efficiency. Recently, our group developed a multi-stage silicon vector (MSV) system for protected and prolonged nano-scale drug delivery. MSV delivered siRNA in vivo induced sustained knockdown of target gene expression and subsequent anti-tumor efficacy in mice. Here we tested the effect of MSV-formulated antigen peptides and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on dendritic cells. By formulating HER-2 antigen peptide together with TLR4 ligand (MPLA) and TLR9 ligand (CpG), we found that MSV-delivered antigen and TLR ligands were uptaken by mouse dendritic cells after 1h co-incubation, and started to be released inside the cells at 3 h after co-incubation. Moreover, MSV-delivered TLR ligands strongly activated mouse dendritic cell expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86. It also induced dendritic cells to produce large amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12. In summary, MSV-delivered vaccine efficiently delivered antigen and immuno-activating TLR ligands together into dendritic cells, and promoted dendritic cell maturation and activation. Therefore, MSV formulation of tumor antigen and TLR ligands may serve as a nano-scale cancer vaccine with enhanced in vivo efficacy. Ongoing experiments include testing in vivo T cell responses to MSV-delivered HER-2 antigen peptide and TLR ligands, and determining the antitumor efficacy on mouse mammary gland tumor model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1967. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1967
Tests without Typing: Flexible Multiple-Choice Reproduction

Once a test-item file of objective test questions has been typed, classroom tests can be constructed without retyping the questions; a spirit ("ditto") master is made directly from the selected file cards through the use of photocopy machines. A method that has been tested and found effective is described herein. A test-item file was constructed by typing multiple-choice questions from published manuals, together with identifying information, on 5X 8-in. index cards. The identifying information (text title, chapter number, and question number) was typed just below and parallel to one of the 8-in. edges of the card; a strip of clear tape was put over this identification to protect it from the effects of handling. The card then was inverted and the test question was typed just below the opposite 8-in. edge on the same face of the card. A horizontal line was typed two spaces below the last line of the question; a letter identifying the correct answer was typed two spaces below this line. Item analysis data can be entered on the back of each file card. To construct a test, an instructor need give only brief information about questions he has selected from published manuals to a member of the clerical staff. She then pulls the proper cards from the file and, using the horizontal lines as guides, overlaps about 10 cards in a plastic film carrier (e.g., Thermo-Fax Brand) so that only the test questions show. These overlapped cards then are photocopied on 8% X 11-in. paper with an electrostatic copier (e.g., Apeco Super-stat, Model 180). Before the cards are returned to the file, the correct answers are recorded for scoring the test. Any additional information required on the test (e.g., test heading and question numbers) is typed directly on the photocopy. The master for a spirit duplicator is made by running the intermediate photocopy together with a thermal master (e.g., a 3M Spirit Master) through an infrared copying machine (e.g., Thermo-Fax "Secretary," Model 45) .
Analysis of 49 neonates received exchange transfusion

Objective:To explore the diseases causing exchange transfusion on neonates,and changes of serum bilirubin,blood cell counts and biochemistry items before and after exchange transfusion of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.Method:Data of 49 neonates received exchange transfusion in Beijing Cchildren's Hospital were analyzed.Serum bilirubin,blood cell counts,biochemistry items and blood gas were monitored and compared before and after exchange transfusion.Result:Of the 49 neonates received exchange transfusion,41 cases were caused by maternal infant blood group incompatibility,3 were hereditary spherocytosis and 2 were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.The causes of hemolysis in 3 neonates were unknown.After exchange transfusion,the average level of serum bilirubin in 49 neonates decreased by 52%.The average levels of platelet and white blood cell count and serum kalium,ammonia decreased significantly(P0.01).The level of serum natrium and calcium kept stable.But the serum glucose increased obviously(P0.01).The blood gas items did not change obviously.Conclusion:The maternal infant blood group incompatibility was the main cause leading to exchange transfusion in neonates.The level of serum bilirubin in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia could be decreased effectively by exchange transfusion,which would have certain effects on the internal environment of neonates.
Measuring Interdisciplinarity Using Text

This article presents a new, text-based measure of interdisciplinarity. The author compares the text of a scholar’s publications with text from multiple disciplines and measures the extent to which...
Estimating time-dependent ROC curves using data under prevalent sampling

Prevalent sampling is frequently a convenient and economical sampling technique for the collection of time-to-event data and thus is commonly used in studies of the natural history of a disease. However, it is biased by design because it tends to recruit individuals with longer survival times. This paper considers estimation of time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves when data are collected under prevalent sampling. To correct the sampling bias, we develop both nonparametric and semiparametric estimators using extended risk sets and the inverse probability weighting techniques. The proposed estimators are consistent and converge to Gaussian processes, while substantial bias may arise if standard estimators for right-censored data are used. To illustrate our method, we analyze data from an ovarian cancer study and estimate receiver operating characteristic curves that assess the accuracy of the composite markers in distinguishing subjects who died within 3–5 years from subjects who remained alive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La Forge on Memory: From the Treatise on Man to the Treatise on the Human Mind

In his remarks on L’Homme, La Forge aims at a rigid separation of the functions of the body from the activity of the soul. This project looks authentically Cartesian, but some critical issues reveal how difficult it is taking away any activity of the soul in sensitive experience. In the Traite de l’esprit de l’homme, La Forge explicitly limits the cognitive capability of the memory without the active presence of the mind.
The second shear mode of continental Rayleigh waves

Abstract Waves of the Rayleigh type corresponding to the fundamental and first shear modes for the continental crust-mantle system have been identified on seismograms previously. In this paper, waves corresponding to the second shear mode are identified for two paths, one from the Belgian Congo to Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; the other from Oklahoma to Palisades, New York. Comparison of the dispersion of these waves with theoretical dispersion for several crust-mantle models demonstrates the increase in resolving power of this method of obtaining crustal structure when data for several modes are available. There are small but measurable differences in the velocity structures averaged along these two paths.
Electronic health record use among cancer patients: Insights from the Health Information National Trends Survey.

Over 90% of US hospitals provide patients with access to e-copy of their health records, but the utilization of electronic health records by the US consumers remains low. Guided by the comprehensive information-seeking model, this study used data from the National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey 4 (Cycle 4) and examined the factors that explain the level of electronic health record use by cancer patients. Consistent with the model, individual information-seeking factors and perceptions of security and utility were associated with the frequency of electronic health record access. Specifically, higher income, prior online information seeking, interest in accessing health information online, and normative beliefs were predictive of electronic health record access. Conversely, poorer general health status and lack of health care provider encouragement to use electronic health records were associated with lower utilization rates. The current findings provide theory-based evidence t...
A system for monitoring hand hygiene compliance based-on Internet-of-Things

Studies show that the poor hand hygiene practices in public health institutions such as hospitals, clinics, schools and nursing homes is the most likely cause of the spread of various bacterial diseases. Proper hand hygiene is the single biggest defense against spread of diseases and therefore the caregivers' compliance with hand hygiene is one of the most effective tools in preventing Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) in such institutions. In this paper, we present a system prototype of interconnected hand-hygiene stations that use a combination Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies for monitoring the hand hygiene compliance rate. The cloud-connected hand hygiene stations can cooperate to detect hand hygiene events in real-time, and help measuring the hand hygiene compliance at large-scale health-care facilities where it is deployed. The presented work is an initial phase of an on-going research study on hand hygiene compliance. Further phases of the system are currently being developed. The proposed system is desired to be scalable, and easy to install so that it can overcome most of the problems of existing related systems.
Inquiry-Oriented Instruction: A Conceptualization of the Instructional Principles

AbstractResearch has highlighted that inquiry-based learning (IBL) instruction leads to many positive student outcomes in undergraduate mathematics. Although this research points to the value of IBL instruction, the practices of IBL instructors are not well-understood. Here, we offer a characterization of a particular form of IBL instruction: inquiry-oriented instruction. This characterization draws on K-16 research literature in order to explicate the instructional principles central to inquiry-oriented instruction. As a result, this conceptualization of inquiry-oriented instruction makes connections across research communities and provides a characterization that is not limited to undergraduate, secondary, or elementary mathematics education.
Finite and Infinite Computations and a Classification of Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata Using Infinite Computations

This paper proposes an application of the Infinite Unit Axiom and grossone, introduced by Yaroslav Sergeyev (see [19, 20, 21, 22, 23]), to the development and classification of two-dimensional cellular automata. This application establishes, by the application of grossone, a new and more precise nonarchimedean metric on the space of definition for two-dimensional cellular automata, whereby the accuracy of computations is increased. Using this new metric, open disks are defined and the number of points in each disk computed. The forward dynamics of a cellular automaton map are also studied by defined sets. It is also shown that using the Infinite Unit Axiom, the number of configurations that follow a given configuration, under the forward iterations of the cellular automaton map, can now be computed and hence a classification scheme developed based on this computation.
Patient Age and Tumor Subtype Predict the Extent of Axillary Surgery Among Breast Cancer Patients Eligible for the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Trial Z0011.

The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011 trial established the safety of omitting axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for early-stage breast cancer patients with limited nodal disease undergoing lumpectomy. We examined the extent of axillary surgery among women eligible for Z0011 based on patient age and tumor subtype. Patients with cT1–2, cN0 breast cancers and one or two positive nodes diagnosed from 2009 to 2014 and treated with lumpectomy were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was defined as the removal of 1–5 nodes and ALND as the removal of 10 nodes or more. Tumor subtype was categorized as luminal, human epidermal growth factor 2-positive (HER2+), or triple-negative. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of receiving SLNB alone versus ALND. The inclusion criteria were met by 28,631 patients (21,029 SLNB-alone and 7602 ALND patients). Patients 70 years of age or older were more likely to undergo SLNB alone than ALND (27.0% vs 20.1%; p < 0.001). The radiation therapy use rate was 89.4% after SLNB alone and 89.7% after ALND. In the multivariate analysis, the uptake of Z0011 recommendations increased over time (2014 vs 2009: odds ratio [OR] 13.02; p < 0.001). Younger patients were less likely to undergo SLNB alone than older patients (age <40 vs ≥70: OR 0.59; p < 0.001). Patients with HER2+ (OR 0.89) or triple-negative disease (OR 0.79) (p < 0.001) were less likely to undergo SLNB alone than those with luminal subtypes. Among women potentially eligible for ACOSOG Z0011, the use of SLNB alone increased over time in all groups, but the extent of axillary surgery differed by patient age and tumor subtype.
Declines in Anogenital Warts Among Age Groups Most Likely to Be Impacted by Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, United States, 2006-2014.

Objectives. To detect decreases in anogenital warts (AGW) among sex and age groups likely to be affected by human papillomavirus vaccination.Methods. We estimated annual AGW prevalence during 2006 to 2014 using health care claims among US private health insurance enrollees aged 15 to 39 years. We derived AGW diagnoses using 1 of the following: (1) condylomata acuminata diagnosis, (2) viral wart diagnosis combined with a benign anogenital neoplasm diagnosis or destruction or excision of an anogenital lesion, or (3) AGW medication combined with a benign anogenital neoplasm diagnosis or destruction or excision of an anogenital lesion.Results. Prevalence decreased during 2008 to 2014 among females aged 15 to 19 years (annual percentage change [APC] = −14.1%; P < .001) and during 2009 to 2014 among women aged 20 to 24 years (APC = −12.9%; P < .001) and among women aged 25 to 29 years (APC = −6.0%; P = .001). We observed significant declines among men aged 20 to 24 years (APC = −6.5%; P = .005). Prevalence incr...
Mixed mode asymptotic crack tip fields in orthotropic materials: Derivation and range of dominance

In the first part of this work the asymptotic stress field distribution surrounding a crack in a generally orthotropic solid (i.e. one in which the material and loading axes do not coincide) is derived. The resulting crack tip stress intensity factors are also related to the energy release rate of the cracked solid. In any physical situation, however, the range of dominance of these asymptotic fields will be limited, and will depend on specific geometry and loading parameters. Thus, the second part of this work deals with the range of dominance of the derived stress fields in edge cracked bending loaded fiber reinforced composite plates. The lower and upper limits of the range of dominance of the solution are respectively determined from three-dimensional and two-dimensional full field finite element solutions. The comparison of full field solutions with the asymptotic result provides information on the latter's range of dominance. In all cases the effects of mixed mode loading are considered.
A 68-Year-Old Lung Transplant Recipient With Shortness of Breath, Weight Loss, and Abnormal Chest CT.

Case Presentation A 68-year-old man presented to our ED with shortness of breath, weakness, and a 25-lb unintentional weight loss. He had undergone bilateral lung transplantation (cytomegalovirus [CMV]: donor+, recipient+; Epstein-Barr virus: donor+; recipient+) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 18 months prior. His posttransplant course was fairly unremarkable until 1 month earlier, when he was admitted for breathlessness and weakness. CT of the chest during that admission revealed mild intralobular and interlobular septal thickening. A bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsies did not show acute cellular rejection, but the BAL fluid was positive for coronavirus. His cortisol level was undetectable; he was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency and fludrocortisone was initiated. He was taking prednisone, tacrolimus, and everolimus for immunosuppression and valganciclovir, itraconazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for antimicrobial prophylaxis. His 25-lb weight loss occurred over the span of just one month.
PRISM: A Competitive Small Modular Sodium-Cooled Reactor

The Power Reactor Innovative Small Module (PRISM) designed by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy is a small, modular, sodium-cooled fast reactor. The PRISM core is located in a pool-type containment vessel ...
The Semiotics of Self-Revelation in Eugene O’Neill’s the Emperor Jones

Eugene O’Neill’s concern with the fate of individuals over that of social systems and his belief in the primacy of emotions over thought have led him to explore dramatically the theme of self-revelation. Ostensibly, however, this theme has been subverted by the deconstructive program. The opposition here is between the idealist view of the subject as a “human essence”, a source of meaning that transcends and operates language and the social system, and the anti-idealist view of the subject as a “function” of language — of the identity of language and metaphysics, of language as the totality. Jacques Derrida argues that deconstruction does not attempt to reject the “metaphysics of presence” or logocentrism: “Since these concepts are indispensable for unsettling the heritage to which they belong, we should be even less prone to renounce them”.1
Effects of Oxygen Pressure and Water Vapor on Sintering of ZnO

ZnO compacts were sintered at 650 to 750°C. in dry air, dry argon, argon with up to 50% oxygen, and air-water vapor mixtures. The progress of sintering was measured by mercury porosimetry from which linear shrinkages, volume shrinkages, surface areas, and pore diameters were derived. In the water free atmospheres, initially about 80% loss in surface area and small pore growth occurred, followed by more rapid shrinkage than predicted with relation to surface area reduction. No relation was found with oxygen pressure. The presence of water vapor in air caused pore growth at 650°C. related linearly with shrinkage but without relation to the water vapor pressure.
Inferring Capabilities by Experimentation

We present an approach to enable an autonomous agent (learner) in building a model of a new unknown robot’s (subject) performance at a task through experimentation. The subject’s appearance can provide cues to its physical as well as cognitive capabilities. Building on these cues, our active experimentation approach learns a model that captures the effect of relevant extrinsic factors on the subject’s ability to perform a task. As personal robots become increasingly multi-functional and adaptive, such autonomous agents would find use as tools for humans in determining “What can this robot do?”. We applied our algorithm in modelling a NAO and a Pepper robot at two different tasks. We first demonstrate the advantages of our active experimentation approach, then we show the utility of such models in identifying scenarios a robot is well suited for, in performing a task.
A Question of Opioid Diversion or Compliance

A 60-year-old female patient with a history of chronic pain and headache presented to the Pain Management Clinic for follow-up assessment of her prescribed medications, as well as to determine the patient's suitability for enrollment in the medical cannabis program. The patient's chronic pain and headache were secondary to traumatic brain injury sustained in a motor vehicle accident approximately 2 years before her appointment. The patient also was afflicted by chronic pain in her right arm due to nerve damage associated with surgery for de Quervain tendonitis. Following the motor vehicle accident, the patient had been evaluated at a multidisciplinary traumatic brain injury clinic and had been prescribed Tylenol #4 (acetaminophen 300 mg/codeine 60 mg) up to a maximum of 4 times daily for pain, and lorazepam (1 mg every 8 h as needed) for anxiety and insomnia. To determine the patient's suitability for the medical cannabis program, the patient was required to submit a urine sample for drugs of abuse testing. Analysis of the sample was performed by a combination of immunoassay (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol, and phencyclidine) and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (opioids). Following review of the patient's urine test results the clinician contacted the laboratory for assistance with the interpretation of the opioid results. A review of the immunoassay screens only demonstrated presumptive positive results for the amphetamine class; however, reflexive confirmatory testing via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, pseudoephedrine/ephedrine) was negative (Table 1). View this table: Table 1 Laboratory test results. The high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry results were more complex and demonstrated the presence of codeine, codeine-6-β-glucuronide, morphine, and morphine-6-β-glucuronide, which were consistent with the use of codeine (Table 1) (1, 2). However, the analysis also unexpectedly revealed the presence of hydrocodone, norhydrocodone, dihydrocodeine, and hydromorphone-3-β-glucuronide (Table 1). ### QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What are the …
A TREATMENT CONUNDRUM: LARGE MURAL THROMBUS IN THORACIC AORTA

Mural thrombus in a non aneurysmal and non atherosclerotic aorta is a rare cause of arterial thromboembolism. Treatment remains challenging and controversial, requiring careful deliberation. 43 year old female with history of asthma presented with abdominal pain for one day. CT Abdomen & Pelvis
Heritable generational epigenetic effects through small noncoding RNA

Abstract Transgenerational and intergenerational epigenetic effects are phenotypic differences inherited in the absence of alterations in the genome sequence from one generation to the next. They occur in a range of species, but the molecular mechanism underlying the observed inheritance patterns is often unclear. DNA methylation and chromatin structure are known to mediate epigenetic inheritance, and their inheritance mechanisms are well understood. Interestingly, studies of RNA interface pathways suggest that small RNAs also can mediate transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. For example, RNA can be directed to specific targets through base pairing with homologous sequence in RNA or DNA. Several classes of small RNA participate in epigenetic pathways, and mutant analyses link the small RNA pathways to various transgenerational and intergenerational epigenetic phenomena. In addition, inheritance of small RNA from the gametes to the zygote has been documented, and in Caenorhabditis elegans, small RNAs can mediate long-term inheritance of silencing phenotypes. This review explores the evidence in support of heritable generational effects mediated by small RNA and highlights gaps in knowledge that are the focus of on-going research.
Effect of dietary zinc supplementation and phytase pre-treatment of soybean meal or corn gluten meal on growth, zinc status and zinc-related metabolism in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were fed diets containing untreated or phytase-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal with or without 50 mg supplemental zinc kg−1 to determine if dietary phytate caused a zinc (Zn) deficiency. Fish fed diets containing untreated soybean meal and corn gluten meal without supplemental Zn (basal diet) showed no signs of a Zn deficiency after 170 d of weight gain. Weight gain, carcass protein content, total bone Zn, and alkaline phosphatase and carboxypeptidase B activities were not significantly altered in fish fed the basal diet. Dietary phytate removal and supplemental dietary Zn were not required to prevent Zn deficiency in rainbow trout fed a plant-based diet. Although bone Zn concentrations were reduced in fish fed the basal diet, total bone Zn increased in all fish regardless of dietary treatment. Future assessments of Zn status of fish should be based on changes in Zn-dependent metabolism or total bone Zn rather than on bone Zn concentration.
Service-Related Barriers and Facilitators in an Early Childhood System of Care: Comparing the Perspectives of Parents and Providers

Systems of care (SOCs) have the potential to enhance underserved families’ access to integrated health and support services. Most scholarship on SOCs has involved school-aged children and adolescents. Thus, research is needed to better understand barriers to, and facilitators of, families’ access to services during early childhood. The present study included a community-based participatory approach in understanding services for families of children under age six years with severe emotional and behavioral problems. We analyzed data from two focus groups with caregivers (n = 7) and three focus groups with service providers (n = 22). Our thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed five primary barriers to family service access, including challenges associated with transition planning. In comparison, participants described four primary facilitators of family service access, including providers’ adoption of “whole-family” service delivery approaches. Findings indicated areas of convergence and divergence in caregivers’ and providers’ responses. We discuss limitations and potential implications.
Ocean policy on the water—incorporating fishers’ perspectives and values

Abstract As the profound and complex impacts of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems in turn affect human communities, conservation scientists predicting future oceans have been encouraged to consider social dimensions, particularly those pertaining to fishing communities. Understanding fishers’ needs, concerns, and values may make research both more accurate and more actionable, and conservation interventions more effective and equitable. In this chapter I argue for the need for research that centers on fishers’ perspectives and outline approaches that conservation scientists and practitioners hoping to engage fishing communities in their research may find useful. While most relevant for individuals trained in natural or physical sciences, these approaches are aimed to be broad enough that they may be applicable for anyone working across disciplines or across sectors.
Deterministic and Stochastic Response of Nonlinear Coupled Bending-Torsion Modes in a Cantilever Beam

The purpose of this study is to understand the main differences between the deterministic and random response characteristics of an inextensible cantilever beam (with a tip mass) in the neighborhood of combination parametric resonance. The excitation is applied in the plane of largest rigidity such that the bending and torsion modes are cross-coupled through the excitation. In the absence of excitation, the two modes are also coupled due to inertia nonlinearities. For sinusoidal parametric excitation, the beam experiences instability in the neighborhood of the combination parametric resonance of the summed type, i.e., when the excitation frequency is in the neighborhood of the sum of the first bending and torsion natural frequencies. The dependence of the response amplitude on the excitation level reveals three distinct regions: nearly linear behavior, jump phenomena, and energy transfer. In the absence of nonlinear coupling, the stochastic stability boundaries are obtained in terms of sample Lyapunov exponent. The response statistics are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation, and measured experimentally. The excitation center frequency is selected to be close to the sum of the bending and torsion mode frequencies. The beam is found to experience a single response, two possible responses, or non-stationary responses, depending on excitation level. Experimentally, it is possible to obtain two different responses for the same excitation level by providing a small perturbation to the beam during the test.
Limb differences in hamstring muscle function and morphology after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Objective To compare inter-limb differences in hamstring strength, muscle volume, and neural activity between individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy controls, and to identify associations between hamstring neuromuscular function and subjective knee function. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Laboratory. Participants Eleven participants with a history of ACLR (69.45 ± 22.48 months from surgery) and eleven healthy matched controls. Main outcome measure(s) Hamstring isokinetic torque at 60 and 240°•s−1, muscle volume, and medial and lateral hamstring electromyographic (EMG) activity during a single leg hop task were all evaluated during one study visit. Percent limb-differences (%LD) were calculated between each outcome measure; greater inter-limb differences indicated greater asymmetries between limbs. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used to determine associations between subjective knee function and each outcome measure. Results Individuals with ACLR had large magnitude inter-limb differences in medial hamstring EMG (p = .04; d = 0.94), biceps femoris short head volume (p = .02; d = 1.07) and semitendinosus (p = .03; d = 1.07) volume. Lower semimembranosus volume was associated with lower IKDC scores (r = 0.754; p = .012). Conclusions We observed greater inter-limb differences in medial hamstring EMG, and semitendinosus and long head of the biceps femoris volume, which may negatively influence knee function years after ACLR.