cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insecure attachment and therapeutic bond as mediators of social, relational, and social distress and interpersonal problems in adult females with childhood sexual abuse history

Establishing trust is an important part of building the therapeutic relationships and achieving the goal of effective trauma treatment for individuals who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. T...
Confidence in political leaders can slant risk perceptions of COVID-19 in a highly polarized environment.

•Conservatives show lower risk perceptions of COVID-19 than liberals and moderates.•Confidence in political leaders can reduce risk perceptions of COVID-19.•It also can mediate the effects of political ideology on risk perceptions.•Attention to news about the outbreak of COVID-19 is positively correlated with risk perceptions.•Perceived quality of media coverage can lead to heightened risk perceptions of COVID-19.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 on Flue-cured tobacco possessing resistance genes Rk1 and/or Rk2.

Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita races 1 and 3 and race 1 of M. arenaria is imparted to flue-cured tobacco by the gene Rk1. Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 is not controlled by Rk1 and has become prevalent in Virginia. A second form of resistance effective against M. javanica, Rk2, is also increasingly available commercially. Greenhouse and field trials including a root-knot susceptible cultivar, cultivars homozygous for Rk1 or Rk2, and cultivars possessing both genes were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of Rk1 and/or Rk2 on parasitism and reproduction of M. arenaria race 2. Plants were inoculated with 5,000 M. arenaria race 2 eggs in the greenhouse or infested by a native nematode population in the field. Data were collected after 28 days (greenhouse) or every 3 weeks following transplant until 18 weeks in the field and included root galling index, nematodes present in roots, egg mass numbers, and egg counts; reproductive indices were also calculated. We found that the combination of Rk1 and Rk2 provides greater resistance to M. arenaria race 2 than either gene alone. While the effect of either gene alone was inconsistent, we did observe some significant reductions in galling and reproduction associated with each gene relative to the susceptible control.
The Impact of FinTech on Discrimination in Mortgage Lending

The mortgage market has historically been plagued by racial discrimination, and recent data show ongoing disparities in the terms offered to minority borrowers by traditional lenders. The mortgage market has changed rapidly in the past decade, however, due to the rise of technology-based (FinTech) lenders. In this paper, I show that FinTech lenders show little to no gap in the terms provided to Black and Hispanic borrowers after adjusting for GSE credit-risk pricing determinants and loan size. This fact is shown using proprietary data on borrowers to better study racial bias and FinTech loans. The paper further shows that, in a matched analysis of observationally similar Black and Hispanic and non-Black or Hispanic borrowers, FinTech lenders provide statistically indistinguishable terms to the two groups. This stands in sharp contrast to the large discrepancies found under identical tests for traditional lenders. This matched analysis, wherein borrowers with similar characteristics such as income and age are compared, is supported by an analysis of preference and shopping heterogeneity in the National Survey of Mortgage Originations. Finally, I show that FinTech penetration in a region had consequences on legacy lender terms as well. Greater FinTech penetration in a zip code is associated with smaller discrepancies even among legacy lenders.
Brazil and China Interests in Atlantic Africa: Convergences, Divergences and Opportunities for Cooperation Inside the BRICS Forum Framework

Brazil and China have strategic interests in the West African countries. Of these two countries, China has increased influence in the region, both in the economic and in the military issues. In this context, some questions arise: How could the presence of China in the western portion of the African continent interfere with Brazilian interests in this region? As Brazil and China's trade relations with Africa grow, will the possibility of disputes arise between these two current BRICS partners? Could the participation of Brazil and China in the BRICS group contribute to aligning these interests and, if possible, minimize some future disputes? Thus, the article aims to identify whether a forum such as the BRICS, can contribute to aligning the objectives and interests of its constituent States or minimize the divergences arising from conflicting objectives and interests, particularly in the Atlantic portion of Africa. In order to achieve this objective, the article is divided into three sections. Firstly, it identifies the current strategic interests of Brazil and China in the Atlantic portion of the African continent. Secondly, it presents an analysis of the present and potential conflict of interests of these two States related to Atlantic Africa. The third section focuses on BRICS, seeking to identify how its vocation for dialogue and consensus-building may be useful to minimize these potential conflicting interests and even institutionalize an arbitration center for its members. Keywords: Atlantic Africa. BRICS. Brazil. China.
Convergent cognition

In an attempt to address shortcomings revealed in international assessments and lamented in legislation, many schools are reducing or eliminating elective courses, applying the rationale that replacing “non-essential” subjects with core subjects, such as mathematics and language arts, will better position students in the global market. However, there is evidence that systematically pairing a core subject with another, complementary subject, may lead to greater overall learning in both subjects. In this paper, we analyze two subject area pairs—first and second language, and computer programming and mathematics—to demonstrate in what ways two subjects might complement each other. We then analyze the relationships between these pairs to better understand the principles and conditions that encourage what we call convergent cognition, the synergistic effect that occurs when a learner studies two complementary subjects.
End-gas autoignition fraction and flame propagation rate in laser-ignited primary reference fuel mixtures at elevated temperature and pressure

Abstract Knock in spark-ignited (SI) engines is initiated by autoignition of the unburned gasses upstream of spark-ignited, propagating, turbulent premixed flames. Knock propensity of fuel/air mixtures is typically quantified using research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), or methane number (MN; for gaseous fuels), which are measured using single-cylinder, variable compression ratio engines. In this study, knock propensity of SI fuels was quantified via observations of end-gas autoignition (EGAI) in unburned gasses upstream of laser-ignited, premixed flames at elevated pressures and temperatures in a rapid compression machine. Stoichiometric primary reference fuel (PRF; n-heptane/isooctane) blends of varying reactivity (50 ≤ PRF ≤ 100) were ignited using an Nd:YAG laser over a range of temperatures and pressures, all in excess of 545 K and 16.1 bar. Laser ignition produced outwardly-propagating premixed flames. High-speed pressure measurements and schlieren images indicated the presence of EGAI. The fraction of the total heat release attributed to EGAI (i.e., EGAI fraction) varied with fuel reactivity (i.e., octane number) and the time-integrated temperature of the end-gas prior to ignition. Flame propagation rates, which were measured using schlieren images, were only weakly correlated with octane number but were affected by turbulence caused by variation in piston timing. Under conditions of low turbulence, measured flame propagation rates approached one-dimensional premixed laminar flame speed computations performed at the same conditions. Experiments were simulated with a three-dimensional CONVERGE™ model using reduced chemical kinetics (121 species, 538 reactions). The simulations accurately captured the measured flame propagation rates, as well as the variation in EGAI fraction with fuel reactivity and time-integrated end-gas temperature. The simulations also revealed low-temperature heat release as well as formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide formation in the end-gas upstream of the propagating flame, which increased the temperature and degree of chain branching in the end-gas, ultimately leading to EGAI.
Getting To Work: Experimental Evidence On Job Search And Transportation Costs

Abstract Do transportation costs constrain job search in urban low wage labor markets? I test this question by providing transit subsidies to randomly selected clients of a non-profit employment agency. The subsidies generate a large, short-run increase in search intensity for a transit subsidy group relative to a control group receiving standard job search services but no transit subsidy. In the first two weeks, individuals assigned to the transit subsidy group apply and interview for 19% more jobs than those not receiving subsidies. The subsidies generate the greatest increase in search intensity for individuals living far from employment opportunities. Some suggestive evidence indicates that greater search intensity translates into shorter unemployment durations. These results provide experimental evidence in support of the theory that search costs over space can depress job search intensity, contributing to persistent urban poverty in neighborhoods far from job opportunities.
Achievement in labour market of the graduates of faculty of agriculture of the University of South Bohemia

The contribution presents the main conclusions of the analysis of professional prospects of the graduates of Faculty of Agriculture of The University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budějovice. The objective of this research has been to find out how graduates, who finished their studies between years 2002–2006, were of use at the labour market, how are graduates satisfied with their topical employment and how they evaluate quality of education at the faculty. The data were obtained through a questionnaire method and its analysis yielded an overall positive trend in the achievement of the graduates in labour market. These results are important indicators in term of the quality assurance of educational provision and it is possible to consider the results as the base in determining decision-making processes regarding the form and the content of the studies.
Crohn's disease of the stomach.

Summary 1.In recent years, granulomatous enteritis involving the stomach has been described. The present case is the 13th to be reported. 2.Because of the small number of reported cases and the limited follow-ups it is difficult to evaluate the results of any given form of therapy but it may be that longer follow-up will reveal a high incidence of progression of the disease regardless of the form of treatment used. 3.In the case presented here the prognosis following resection of the stomach seems to depend on progression of the disease in the small bowel rather than on recurrence in the stomach itself.
Effect of Simulated Diesel Exhaust Gas Composition and Temperature on NOx Reduction Behavior of Alumina and Zeolite Catalysts in Combination With Non-Thermal Plasma

NOx reduction under simulated lean burn conditions was studied using a non-thermal plasma in combination with zeolite and alumina catalysts. The influence of temperature and plasma treatment on the catalytic performance was investigated. Zeolite catalyst B showed high activity in the 150-300 degree Celcius temperature region. Alumina Catalyst D was most active at temperatures higher than 250 degrees Celcius. In addition, the alumina catalyst was effective in oxidation of aldehydes formed during plasma treatment of the reaction mixture. When the reaction was carried out over a catalyst bed consisting of separate layers of the zeolite and alumina catalyst, the catalyst temperature range for significant NOx reduction was expanded to 150-500 degrees Celcius.
Translational paradigms in scientific and clinical imaging of cardiac development.

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most prevalent congenital disease, with 45% of deaths resulting from a congenital defect due to a cardiac malformation. Clinically significant CHD permit survival upon birth, but may become immediately life threatening. Advances in surgical intervention have significantly reduced perinatal mortality, but the outcome for many malformations is bleak. Furthermore, patients living while tolerating a CHD often acquire additional complications due to the long-term systemic blood flow changes caused by even subtle anatomical abnormalities. Accurate diagnosis of defects during fetal development is critical for interventional planning and improving patient outcomes. Advances in quantitative, multidimensional imaging are necessary to uncover the basic scientific and clinically relevant morphogenetic changes and associated hemodynamic consequences influencing normal and abnormal heart development. Ultrasound is the most widely used clinical imaging technology for assessing fetal cardiac development. Ultrasound-based fetal assessment modalities include motion mode (M-mode), two dimensional (2D), and 3D/4D imaging. These datasets can be combined with computational fluid dynamics analysis to yield quantitative, volumetric, and physiological data. Additional imaging modalities, however, are available to study basic mechanisms of cardiogenesis, including optical coherence tomography, microcomputed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each imaging technology has its advantages and disadvantages regarding resolution, depth of penetration, soft tissue contrast considerations, and cost. In this review, we analyze the current clinical and scientific imaging technologies, research studies utilizing them, and appropriate animal models reflecting clinically relevant cardiogenesis and cardiac malformations. We conclude with discussing the translational impact and future opportunities for cardiovascular development imaging research. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:106–120, 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Squaraine Rotaxane Endoperoxide Chemiluminescence in Acidic Alcohols

Squaraine rotaxane endoperoxides (SREPs) are storable chemiluminescent compounds that undergo a clean cycloreversion reaction that releases singlet oxygen and emits near-infrared light when warmed to body temperature. This study examined the effect of solvent on SREP chemiluminescence intensity and found that acidic alcohols, such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, α-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol, greatly increased chemiluminescence. In contrast, aprotic solvents, such as trifluoroethylmethyl ether, had no effect. The interlocked rotaxane structure was necessary as no chemiluminescence was observed when the experiments were conducted with samples containing a mixture of the two non-interlocked components (squaraine thread and macrocycle endoperoxide). Spectroscopic analyses of the enhanced SREP chemiluminescent reactions showed a mixture of products. In addition to the expected squaraine rotaxane product caused by cycloreversion of the endoperoxide, a diol derivative was isolated. The results are consistent with an endoperoxide O–O bond cleavage process that is promoted by the hydrogen bonding solvent and produces light emission from a squaraine excited state.
Automatic Selection System of Monoclonal Antibody Producing Cells

Recently monoclonal antibodies are being applied to many areas of life science. Their importance is increasing more and more. But, the selection of cells that produce monoclonal antibodies is a labor-intensive operation. So the authors succeeded in developing the automatic system. Cells which have fused and distributed on culture plates are put in this system. This system cultivates these cells with a 12 channel multipipet and optical pH sensor (HAT selection). After that, this system detects the production of antibody of cells with ELIS A apparatus, and then does cloning cells with an image-processed cell counting unit (limiting dilution). Finally, cloned cells which produce monoclonal antibodies are put in a 24-well culture plate and taken out from this system. At any time in these processes, users can input or rearrange schedules and procedures, and can easily get a cell-count, ELIS A results, and past records of each culture well.
Mathematics Teacher Educators' Perceptions and Use of Cognitive Research.

Instructors (N=204) of elementary mathe- matics methods courses completed a survey assessing the extent to which they value cognitive research and incorporate itintotheircourses.Instructors'responsesindicatedthatthey viewcognitiveresearchtobefairlyimportantformathematics education, particularly studies of domain-specific topics, and thattheyemphasizetopicsprominentinpsychologystudiesof mathematical thinking in their courses. However, instructors reported seldom accessing this research through primary or secondary sources. A mediation analysis indicated that math- ematics methods instructors' perception of the importance of the research predicts their incorporation of it in their courses, and that this relation is partially mediated by their accessing of it. Implications for psychologists who have an interest in education and recommendations for facilitating the use of cognitive research in teacher preparation are discussed. ofthestudyweretoexamineteachereducators'perceptionsof theimportanceofcognitivepsychologyresearchandparticular topics,theiruseofcognitivepsychologyresearchinelementary mathematics methods courses in which preservice teachers learn specifically about mathematics pedagogy and student learning, and potential factors related to the incorporation of cognitive research in mathematics education coursework. This information can inform researchers' choice of research questions and dissemination venues, which, in turn, could facilitateastrongerconnectionbetweencognitivescienceand educational practice.
Using the web to maintain the benefits of small class instruction in large classes

The World-Wide-Web is used in many classrooms today and distance education via the Internet has replaced a number of traditional, lecture-style courses. Class sizes of 100 or more students in introductory computer science courses are not uncommon. To manage the high number of students, large sections are often taught in lecture halls or as online versions using the Internet and the World-Wide Web. In an attempt to combine the positive aspects of in-class instruction with those of online education and to enhance the learning experience for students in large classes we have created a hybrid course model. In our new course structure in-class time is reduced, but not completely eliminated and at the same time some in-class instruction is replaced by Web-based instruction elements. We have applied this model to one of our entry-level, general education computer science courses successfully. This paper describes the course model and reports on our experiences.
Should Health Numeracy Be Assessed Objectively or Subjectively

Introduction. Because current evidence suggests that numeracy affects how people make decisions, it is an important factor to account for in studies assessing the effectiveness of medical decision support interventions. Subjective and objective numeracy assessment methods are available that vary in theoretical background, skills assessed, known relationship with decision making skills, and ease of implementation. The best way to use these tools to assess numeracy when conducting medical decision-making research is currently unknown. Methods. We conducted Internet surveys comparing numeracy assessments obtained using the subjective numeracy scale (SNS) and 5 objective numeracy scales. Each study participant completed the SNS and 1 objective numeracy measure. Following each assessment, participants indicated willingness to repeat the assessment and rated its user acceptability. Results. The overall response rate was 78%, resulting in a total sample size of 673. Spearman correlations between the SNS and the ...
Neurodegeneration and Identity

There is a widespread notion, both within the sciences and among the general public, that mental deterioration can rob individuals of their identity. Yet there have been no systematic investigations of what types of cognitive damage lead people to appear to no longer be themselves. We measured perceived identity change in patients with three kinds of neurodegenerative disease: frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Structural equation models revealed that injury to the moral faculty plays the primary role in identity discontinuity. Other cognitive deficits, including amnesia, have no measurable impact on identity persistence. Accordingly, frontotemporal dementia has the greatest effect on perceived identity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has the least. We further demonstrated that perceived identity change fully mediates the impact of neurodegenerative disease on relationship deterioration between patient and caregiver. Our results mark a departure from theories that ground personal identity in memory, distinctiveness, dispositional emotion, or global mental function.
Experiments on the Practical I/O Efficiency of Geometric Algorithms: Distribution Sweep vs. Plane Sweep

We present an extensive experimental study comparing the performance of four algorithms for the orthogonal segment intersection problem. The algorithms under evaluation are distribution sweep, which has optimal I/O cost, and three variations of plane sweep, which is optimal in terms of internal computation. We generate the test data by using a random number generator while producing some interesting properties that are predicted by our theoretical analysis. The sizes of the test data range from 250 thousand segments to 2.5 million segments. The experiments provide detailed quantitative evaluation of the performance of the four algorithms. This is the first experimental work comparing the practical performance between external-memory algorithms and conventional algorithms with large-scale test data.
Mutual passivation effects in highly mismatched group III-V-N alloys

The authors have recently discovered a new effect in the dilute InGaAsN alloy system in which electrically active substitutional Si donors and isoelectronic N atoms passivate each other's activity. This is manifested in a drastic reduction of the free electron concentration and, simultaneously, an increase in the fundamental bandgap in Si-doped InGaAsN alloys. Systematic studies of the mutual passivation effect in Si-doped InGaAsN alloys show that the passivation process is controlled by the diffusion of Si to the nearest neighbours of N-occupied sites, forming nearest neighbour Si–N pairs. Analytical calculations of the passivation process based on Ga-vacancy-mediated diffusion show good agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the mutual passivation provides a method to precisely control electrical properties of InGaAsN:Si. Investigations were made of scattering mechanisms limiting electron mobility in InGaAsN through a judicious choice of the annealing conditions to vary the electron concentration by more than two orders of magnitude. The mobility of free electrons in InGaAsN is quantitatively explained on the basis of the band anticrossing model.
CLIMATE CONTROLS ON FOREST SOIL C ISOTOPE RATIOS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS

A large portion of terrestrial carbon (C) resides in soil organic carbon (SOC). The dynamics of this large reservoir depend on many factors, including climate. Measurements of {sup 13}C:{sup 12}C ratios, C concentrations, and C:N ratios at six forest sites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (USA) were used to explore several hypotheses concerning the relative importance of factors that control soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and SOC turnover. Mean {delta}{sup 13}C values increased with soil depth and decreasing C concentrations along a continuum from fresh litter inputs to more decomposed soil constituents. Data from the six forest sites, in combination with data from a literature review, indicate that the extent of change in {delta}{sup 13}C values from forest litter inputs to mineral soil (20 cm deep) is significantly associated with mean annual temperature. The findings support a conceptual model of vertical changes in forest soil {delta}{sup 13}C values, C concentrations, and C:N ratios that are interrelated through climate controls on decomposition. We hypothesize that, if other environmental factors (like soil moisture) are not limiting, then temperature and litter quality indirectly control the extent of isotopic fractionation during SOM decomposition in temperate forest ecosystems.
Clinical, cognitive, and genetic predictors of change in job status following traumatic brain injury in a military population.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk associated with military duty, and residual effects from TBI may adversely affect a service member's ability to complete duties. It is, therefore, important to identify factors associated with a change in job status following TBI in an active military population. On the basis of previous research, we predicted that apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype may be 1 factor. DESIGN: Cohort study of military personnel who sustained a mild to moderate TBI. SETTING: Military medical clinics. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two military participants were recruited through the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, affiliated with Naval Medical Center San Diego and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Concussion Clinic located at the First Marine Division at Camp Pendleton. INTERVENTION(S): A multivariate statistical classification approach called optimal data analysis allowed for consideration of APOE genotype alongside cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, and physical functioning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): APOE genotype, neuropsychological, psychosocial, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: We identified a model of factors that was associated with a change in job status among military personnel who experienced a mild or moderate TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with a change in job status are different when APOE genotype is considered. We conclude that APOE genotype may be an important genetic factor in recovery from mild to moderate head injury. Language: en
Modulation transfer function and quantum efficiency correlation at long wavelengths (greater than 800 nm) in linear charge coupled imagers.

The spectral modulation transfer function (MTF) of several architecturally identical commercial linear silicon charge coupled imagers (CCIs) was measured and compared to an MTF theory that included the effects of detector aperture and lateral diffusion in one dimension. A successful match between experimental data and theory was possible for proper choices of the detector aperture function and minority carrier lifetime. Long-wave (>800-nm) MTF and spectral quantum efficiency (QE) data were very well correlated over the set of CCIs that were measured, indicating the key role of carrier lifetime (or equivalently carrier diffusion length) in determining both characteristics. This correlation was verified by exercising the MTF and QE models, tailored for the CCIs devices, with carrier lifetime as one of the free parameters.
Jitter Reduction in Digitally Synchronized Lasers

We synchronize a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser to a 2.8GHz RF reference with 25fs jitter using an all-digital phase-locked loop, and a new technique for measuring the closed-loop transfer function and optimizing complex gain.
Identification, cloning, and mutational analysis of the casein kinase 1 cDNA of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Stage-specific expression of the gene.

The cDNA for casein kinase 1 (CK1) ofPlasmodium falciparum was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in bacteria. The single major open reading frame of the 1.2-kilobase pair cDNA coded for a 324-amino acid polypeptide of ∼37 kDa, the predicted sequence of which showed strong identity with known CK1 isoforms. The purified recombinant enzyme exhibited properties characteristic of CK1, such as inhibition by CK1–7, the ability to phosphorylate a highly specific peptide substrate, and a strong preference for ATP over GTP. A casein kinase activity, partially purified from soluble extracts of P. falciparum by affinity chromatography through CK1–7 columns displayed identical properties. The activity showed a stage-specific expression in the parasite, in the order trophozoite > ring ≫ schizont. Northern analysis indicated the existence of two major CK1 mRNAs, 2.4 and 3.2 kilobase pairs long, the levels of which were in the order ring > schizont > trophozoite. Mutagenesis of recombinant CK1 defined important amino acid residues and their potential role in the conformation of the enzyme. The malarial CK1 appeared to be the one of the smallest and perhaps the most primitive CK1 enzymes known, containing little sequence information beyond the minimal catalytic domain.
Role of membrane potential in protein folding and domain formation during secretion in Escherichia coli

The synthesis and processing of the periplasmic components of the leucine transport system of E coli have been studied to determine the role played by transmembrane potential in protein secretion. Both the leucine-isoleucine-valine binding protein and the leucine-specific binding protein are synthesized as precursors with 23 amino acid N-terminal leader sequences. The processing of these precursors is sensitive to the transmembrane potential. Since the amino acid sequence and the crystal structure have been determined for the leucine-isoleucine-valine binding protein, it and the closely related leucine-specific binding protein represent convenient models in which to examine the mechanism of protein secretion in E coli. A model for secretion has been proposed, suggesting a role for transmembrane potential. In this model, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the precursor is assumed to form a hairpin of two helices. The membrane potential may orient this structure to make it accessible to processing. In addition, the model suggests that a negatively charged, folded domain of the secretory protein may electrophorese toward the trans-positive side of the membrane, thus providing an additional role for the transmembrane potential.
QUENCHING OF THE FLUORESCENCE OF 8‐METHOXYPSORALEN BY PROTONS

— The quenching of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) fluorescence by protons was observed to occur at the diffusion controlled rates in aqueous solutions at room temperature. Enhanced basicity of 8-MOP in the excited state compared to the ground state is expected on theoretical grounds. The fluorescence yield. which we determined as 6.3 × 10--4 at pH 1 is surprisingly low and indicative of extremely fast radiationless decay pathways. The fluorescence lifetime of 8-MOP in neutral aqueous solution is on the order of 1–2 ns.
New symmetries of supersymmetric effective Lagrangians.

We consider the structure of effective Lagrangians describing the low-energy dynamics of supersymmetric theories in which a global symmetry G is spontaneously broken to a subgroup H while supersymmetry is unbroken. In accordance with the supersymmetric Goldstone theorem, these Lagrangians contain Nambu-Goldstone superfields associated with a coset space ${\mathit{G}}^{\mathit{c}}$/H^, where ${\mathit{G}}^{\mathit{c}}$ is the complexification of G and H^ is the largest subgroup of ${\mathit{G}}^{\mathit{c}}$ that leaves the order parameter invariant. The Lagrangian may also contain additional light matter fields. To analyze the effective Lagrangian for the matter fields we first consider the case where the effective Lagrangian is obtained by integrating out heavy modes at weak coupling (but including nonperturbative effects such as instantons). We show that the superpotential of the matter fields is H^ invariant, which can give rise to nontrivial relations among independent H invariants in the superpotential. We also show that the K\"ahler potential of the matter fields can be restricted by a remnant of H^ symmetry. These results are nonperturbative and have a simple group-theoretic interpretation. When we relax the weak-coupling constraints, there appear to be additional possibilities for the action of H^ on the matter fields, hinting that the constraints imposed by H^ may be even richer in strongly coupled theories.
Genetic diversity of human polyomavirus JCPyV in Southern California wastewater

JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV) has the potential to be used as a viral marker for human waste contamination because at least 40% of the human population excretes this virus through its urine. In addition, each of 6 known subtypes of JCPyV is associated with a specific human ethnicity group, which has allowed for tracing of human migration. This study aims to explore the possibility of linking the genetic diversity of JCPyV with source of human waste. Primary sewage effluent from Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) sewage treatment facility was collected and examined for the presence of JCPyV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). JCPyV was detected by nested PCR using primers specific to the conservative regulatory region in 100% of the 13 samples collected monthly over a year. Only 5 samples were amplifiable by the primers specific to the diverse intergenic region of the virus. Sequence analyses of cloned amplicons from the intergenic region indicated that JCPyV matched subtypes of European, Asian, African and African-American origins. A genotype that is unique from previously identified clinical sample is also revealed. This research suggests the diversity of JCPyV subtypes can be used as a tool to trace the source of human waste contamination.
Parent-youth concordance regarding violence exposure: relationship to youth psychosocial functioning.

Abstract Purpose: To examine the relationship between parent–youth concordance with regard to youth exposures to violence and youth psychosocial functioning, including perpetration of violence, distress symptomatology, and social skillfulness. Methods: A battery of self-report questionnaires were completed by 333 parent–youth dyads residing in urban public housing developments. Concordance status ( 80%) was based on dyad agreement regarding youth’s violence exposures. The relationship between concordance and psychosocial factors was assessed by a series of analyses of covariance tests. Results: Parents underestimated the extent to which their children were victims of or witnesses to violence and suffered from distress symptoms. Low concordance status was associated with youth perpetration of violence and distress symptomatology, as well as lower self-esteem and problem-solving skillfulness. Youth in the low concordance group characterized their families as exhibiting less involvement, open communication, and parental monitoring. Conclusions: Concordance between parents and youth is associated with youth psychosocial competence and strong family functioning. Findings underscore the need to incorporate a parent component in primary and secondary violence-prevention programs. Further examination of the processes which contribute to concordance may enhance our ability to prevent youth engagement in violence and its untoward psychosocial sequelae.
Introducing Ehealth to Nursing Homes: Theoretical Analysis of Improving Resident Care

The purpose of this analysis argues that the technology acceptance model and the theory of task technology fit offer justification for the introduction and integration of ehealth web sites (i.e., WebMd.com) into nursing home care facility operations in the United States and abroad. The driving force behind this study concerns the significant care deficiencies in nursing homes, and how ehealth can ameliorate these conditions. Ehealth has never been a focus of study in nursing homes. Examining logistics relating to nursing homes and their residents may reveal which nursing homes would benefit from integrating ehealth as a referential resource.
THE ORIENTATION OF ANIMALS BY OPPOSED BEAMS OF LIGHT

When orientation is attained under the influence of beams of parallel light opposed at 180° the deflection θ from a path at right angles to the beams is given by tan See PDF for Equation, where I1 and I2 are the photic intensities and H is the average angle between the photoreceptive surfaces. This expression is independent of the units in which I is measured, and holds whether the primary photosensory effect is proportional to I or to log I. When photokinetic side-to-side motions of the head occur, H decreases with increasing total acting light intensity, but increases if higher total light intensity restricts the amplitude of random movements; in each case, H is very nearly proportional to log I1I2. For beams of light at 90°, See PDF for Equation. The application of these equations to some particular instances is discussed, and it is shown why certain simpler empirical formulae previously found by others yield fair concordance with the experimental data. The result is thus in complete accord with the tropism theory, since the equations are based simply on the assumption that when orientation is attained photic excitation is the same on the two sides.
Genome-wide analyses of Epstein-Barr virus reveal conserved RNA structures and a novel stable intronic sequence RNA

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus implicated in cancer and autoimmune disorders. Little is known concerning the roles of RNA structure in this important human pathogen. This study provides the first comprehensive genome-wide survey of RNA and RNA structure in EBV. Results: Novel EBV RNAs and RNA structures were identified by computational modeling and RNA-Seq analyses of EBV. Scans of the genomic sequences of four EBV strains (EBV-1, EBV-2, GD1, and GD2) and of the closely related Macacine herpesvirus 4 using the RNAz program discovered 265 regions with high probability of forming conserved RNA structures. Secondary structure models are proposed for these regions based on a combination of free energy minimization and comparative sequence analysis. The analysis of RNA-Seq data uncovered the first observation of a stable intronic sequ ence RNA (sisRNA) in EBV. The abundance of this sisRNA rivals that of the well-known and highly expressed EBV-encoded non-coding RNAs (EBERs). Conclusion: This work identifies regions of the EBV genome likely to generate functional RNAs and RNA structures, provides structural models for these regions, and discusses potential functions suggested by the modeled structures. Enhanced understanding of the EBV transcriptome will guide future experimental analyses of the discovered RNAs and RNA structures.
Evaluation of Density Functional Theory Methods for Studying Chemisorption of Arsenite on Ferric Hydroxides

Understanding adsorption of arsenic on ferric hydroxide surfaces is important for predicting the fate of arsenic in the environment and in designing treatment systems for removing arsenic from potable water. This research investigated the binding of arsenite to ferric hydroxide clusters using several density functional theory methods. Comparison of calculated and experimentally measured As-O and As-Fe bond distances indicated that As(III) forms both bidentate and monodentante corner-sharing complexes with Fe(III) octahedra. Edge-sharing As(III) complexes were less energetically favorable and had As-O and As-Fe distances that deviated more from experimentally measured values than corner-sharing complexes. The hydrated bidentate complex was the most energetically favorable in the vacuum phase, while the monodentate complex was most favored in the aqueous phase. Structures optimized using the Harris and Perdew-Wang local functionals were close to both experimental data and structures optimized using the nonlocal Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (BLYP) functional. Binding energies calculated with the gradient-corrected BLYP functional were only weakly dependent on the method used for geometry optimization. The approach of using low-level structures coupled with higher level single-point energies was found to reduce computational time by 75% with no loss in accuracy of the computed binding energies.
Australian Uranium and India: Ideology versus Pragmatism

Abstract This article is a study of the Australian government's policy of not selling uranium to India. Successive Australian governments have used the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to refuse India's repeated requests for uranium. This study looks at the Indian response to this policy and asks how long Australia can sustain its stand in the face of climate change, economic growth and growing bilateral relations between two democracies with shared interests.
Surface plasmon-assisted terahertz imaging array

In this paper, a spoof surface plasmon assisted antenna is paired with a metamaterial enhanced bolometer structure in the formation of a THz focal plane array pixel. The antenna element focuses the electromagnetic wave onto the bolometer element and the bolometer detects this incident power through resistance change. Numerical analysis was performed in order to simulate the plasmonic structure at 0.1 and 0.3 THz. This system was then fabricated and detailed measurements were carried out. This system shows high sensitivity at the desired operating frequency. The performance of the spoof plasmon antenna is favorable when considering the same size of the aperture without exciting plasmonic modes.
International Banking Facilities Revisited

The Federal Reserve Board amended its regulations regarding reserve requirements (Regulation D) and payment of interest on deposits (Regulation Q), effective December 3, 1981, to allow the establishment of International Banking Facilities by commercial banks in the United States. An “International Banking Facility” or IBF means a set of asset and liability accounts segregated on the books and records of a depository institution, United States branch or agency of a foreign bank, or an Edge or Agreement Corporation that includes only international banking facility extensions of credit.1 In addition, Federal legislation exempted IBFs from F.D.I.C. coverage and assessments. Finally, nine states have granted special tax status on the operating profits of IBFs or have altered restrictions in order to encourage their existence within state borders.
Minimizing channel rental costs for topology control in multihop wireless networks

Multi-spectrum cognitive radios can be deployed in a wireless network to enhance the capacity of the network by reserving multiple channels in multiple frequencies for each link. In this paper we focus on the topology control approach for wireless networking with cognitive radios in which the network operator must lease channels that will be used in the network. We formulate a Channel Renting problem whose goal is to minimize the total number of channels used (or the cost of the channels used) while providing sufficient overall capacity for all subscribers of the network. This requires determining an active channel set for each edge and forming an efficient network topology to meet a set of given source-destination capacity requirements. We present a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to provide the optimal solutions of the problem and present an efficient algorithm that performs well compared to the optimal solution. Extensive simulation results show the algorithm is effective at providing robust solutions with minimal cost.
[μ-1,3-Dioxo-1,3-bis(pyridin-2-yl)propane-2,2-diido-κ2N,C2:κ2C2,N′]bis[(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-κ2O,O′)palladium(II)](Pd—Pd)

The title compound, [Pd2(C13H8N2O2)(C15H11O2)2], crystallized from a mixture of ethanol and n-hexa­nes. The structure is the first example of β-diketonate in a dianionic κ2C-coordination complex containing a PdII—PdII bond. Both PdII atoms adopt a pseudo square-planar coordination geometry. The mol­ecular packing involves π-inter­actions between the phenyl rings of the 1,3-diphenyl­propane-1,3-dionato ligands with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.823 (2)–3.868 (2) A.
Bora Downregulation Results in Radioresistance by Promoting Repair of Double Strand Breaks

Following DNA double-strand breaks cells activate several DNA-damage response protein kinases, which then trigger histone H2AX phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, p53-binding protein 1, and breast cancer gene 1 at the damage site to promote DNA double-strand breaks repair. We identified a novel biomarker, Bora (previously called C13orf34), that is associated with radiosensitivity. In the current study, we set out to investigate how Bora might be involved in response to irradiation. We found a novel function of Bora in DNA damage repair response. Bora down-regulation increased colony formation in cells exposed to irradiation. This increased resistance to irradiation in Bora-deficient cells is likely due to a faster rate of double-strand breaks repair. After irradiation, Bora-knockdown cells displayed increased G2-M cell cycle arrest and increased Chk2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Bora specifically interacted with the tandem breast cancer gene 1 C-terminal domain of MDC1 in a phosphorylation dependent manner, and overexpression of Bora could abolish irradiation induced MDC1 foci formation. In summary, Bora may play a significant role in radiosensitivity through the regulation of MDC1 and DNA repair.
PRODUCTIVITY STUDIES ON THE MADISON RIVER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK1

Net photosynthesis and respiration in the Madison River, Yellowstone National Park, was calcuIated using pH measurements to estimate CO2 changes. The upstream-downstream method was used on five successive reaches. Primary production and macrophyte standing crops decreased downstream and the ratio of gross to net photosynthesis also became less. The downstream decline in productivity was correlated with successively lower concentrations of free CO,. The decline in free CO2 was due to photosynthetic removal during daylight and outward diffusion of CO, during all hours of the day and night.
Speaker-external versus speaker-internal forces on utterance form: Do cognitive demands override threats to referential success?

To what extent do speaker-external communicative pressures versus speaker-internal cognitive pressures affect utterance form? Four experiments measured speakers' references to privately known (i.e., privileged) objects when naming mutually known (i.e., common ground) objects. Although speaker-external communicative pressures demanded that speakers avoid references to privileged objects, 2 experiments showed that speakers often ignored this demand when it coexisted with a speaker-internal pressure to attend to those privileged objects. The authors hypothesize that this was due to increased salience of privileged objects (a speaker-internal pressure). Experiment 3 showed that directly boosting the salience of privileged objects increased the likelihood that speakers will inappropriately refer to those objects. Experiment 4 showed that the salience-sensitive mechanism in Experiments 1 and 2 is likely related to the mechanism causing such references in Experiment 3. Thus, the language production system is especially sensitive to cognitive pressures even when communicative harm results.