cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radioactive Iodine Treatment Is Associated with Improved Survival for Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is not typically iodine avid, raising questions regarding postoperative use of radioactive iodine (RAI). The aims of this study were to describe current pra...
Writing Down the Soul

Abstract Review of Ginette Paris’s The Wisdom of the Psyche: Depth Psychology After Neuroscience. London and New York: Routledge, 2007. This book charts a journey from wound to work by an author who examines anew some of the worn-out ideas and theories in depth psychology, offering fresh insights that engage the reader on both a scholarly and a personal level.
Inhibition of Mammary Tumorigenesis by Estrogen and Progesterone in Genetically Engineered Mice

Estrogen and progesterone play a critical role in normal and neoplastic development of the mammary gland. A long duration of estrogen and progesterone exposure is associated with increased breast cancer risk, and a short duration of the same doses of these hormones is associated with a reduced breast cancer risk. The protective effects of estrogen and progesterone have been extensively studied in animal models. Several studies have demonstrated that these hormones induce persistent and long-lasting alterations in gene expression in the mammary epithelial cells. In the experiments discussed herein, the protective effect of estrogen and progesterone is shown to occur in genetically engineered mice (the p53-null mammary gland). The protective effect is associated with a decrease in cell proliferation. The effects of hormones seem to manifest as a delay in premalignant progression. In the nontumor-bearing glands of hormone-treated mice, premalignant foci are present at the time the control glands are actively developing mammary tumors. If the hormone-treated cells are transplanted from the treated host to the untreated host, the cells resume their predetermined tumorigenic potential. The protective effect reflects both host-mediated factors (either stroma-determined or systemic factors) and mammary epithelial intrinsic changes. If normal, untreated p53 cells are transplanted into a host that has been previously treated with a short dose of hormones, the cells exhibit a significant delay in tumorigenesis. The relative contributions of host-mediated factors and mammary cell intrinsic factors remain to be determined. Current studies are moving this research area from the biological to the molecular realm and from the rodent models to human studies and offer the potential for directing prevention efforts at specific molecular targets.
BAR Domain-Containing FAM92 Proteins Interact with Chibby1 To Facilitate Ciliogenesis

Chibby1 (Cby1) is a small, conserved coiled-coil protein that localizes to centrioles/basal bodies and plays a crucial role in the formation and function of cilia. During early stages of ciliogenesis, Cby1 is required for the efficient recruitment of small vesicles at the distal end of centrioles to facilitate basal body docking to the plasma membrane. Here, we identified family with sequence similarity 92, member A (FAM92A) and FAM92B, which harbor predicted lipid-binding BAR domains, as novel Cby1-interacting partners using tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry. We found that in cultured cell lines, FAM92A colocalizes with Cby1 at the centrioles/basal bodies of primary cilia, while FAM92B is undetectable. In airway multiciliated cells, both FAM92A and -92B colocalize with Cby1 at the base of cilia. Notably, the centriolar localization of FAM92A and -92B depends largely on Cby1. Knockdown of FAM92A in RPE1 cells impairs ciliogenesis. Consistent with the membrane-remodeling properties of BAR domains, FAM92A and -92B in cooperation with Cby1 induce deformed membrane-like structures containing the small GTPase Rab8 in cultured cells. Our results therefore suggest that FAM92 proteins interact with Cby1 to promote ciliogenesis via regulation of membrane-remodeling processes.
The Relationship Between Focal and Generalized Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To determine if there is an association between focal and systemic bone loss in patients with RA. Methods: Bone loss is a hallmark finding in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and manifests as localized, periarticular and systemic bone loss. RA patients were selected from the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) database. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between the presence or absence of erosions and T-scores at the lumbar spine (LS) and total hips and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), medications and disease activity indices. Results: Data on erosions and T-scores were available in 3,898 and 5,099 subjects, respectively. Patients with erosions had a significantly lower LS T-scores (-0.9) compared to RA patients without erosions (p=0.0002). Similarly, the mean total hip T-scores were significantly lower in patients with (-1.4) compared to subjects without erosions (-1.0) (p<0.01). The odds of having no erosion increased by 21% for each 1-unit increase in LS T-score and 46% for each 1 unit increase in hip T-score. Patients with erosions were significantly younger (p<0.01) had a lower BMI (p<0.01) and higher DAS28 scores than those without erosions. More patients with erosions were on anti-TNF therapy, disease modifying drugs and osteoporosis medications than patients without erosions (p<0.01, 0.003 and 0.0003). Conclusion: RA patients with bone erosions have significantly lower T-scores at the LS and hips compared with RA patients without erosions. These data suggest a relationship between localized and generalized bone loss in RA.
Investigation of an intensifier-bar tumble bin scale-up model

Abstract In recent years, more and more powder blending operations have been augmented with the addition of an intensifier bar (I-bar) in a tumble bin. While the tumble bin rotates with rotational speeds of 5–20 rpm, I-bars rotate at 1000–4000 rpm, with tip speeds of ~ 14–19 m/s. I-bars thus impart significant mechanical dispersive energy into the blend, both in terms of shear stress and in terms of shear strain. Because I-bars impart so much energy into the blend, it is critically important to devise a good scale-up strategy, thus ensuring that blending conditions that have been established at a small scale can be reliably reproduced at a large scale. In this work, the blending process is described using a first order rate constant, k , to describe the fraction of powder that has been processed by the I-bar. A mathematical model is derived to predict how k changes when scaling to a larger tumble bin with a larger I-bar running at a different tip-speed. The model indicates that the quantity vLD 2 /V 4/3 largely determines the blending rate during scale-up where v , L , D , and V , denote the I-bar tip speed, I-bar length, I-bar diameter, and tumble bin volume, respectively. To keep the extent of blending constant between two scales, we find that the dimensionless number vLD 2 t/V 4/3 should be held constant where t is the blending time. Experimental data are summarized and used to assess the validity of the scale-up model. A novel characterization method involving tracer particles and X-ray image analysis was developed and used to quantify the extent of mixing. Experimental data are provided from 59 blends, covering a range of tumble bin scales from 8 L to 700 L, and producing 296 samples that were analyzed by X-ray imaging. The data show that the process can be reasonably approximated by a first order rate equation, with the rate constant being linearly proportional to vLD 2 /V 4/3 .
Race and Skin Color in Latino Health: An Analytic Review.

We examined 22 articles to compare Black Latinos/as’ with White Latinos/as’ health and highlight findings and limitations in the literature. We searched 1153 abstracts, from the earliest on record to those available in 2016. We organized the articles into domains grounded on a framework that incorporates the effects of race on Latinos/as’ health and well-being: health and well-being, immigration, psychosocial factors, and contextual factors.Most studies in this area are limited by self-reported measures of health status, inconsistent use of race and skin color measures, and omission of a wider range of immigration-related and contextual factors.We give recommendations for future research to explain the complexity in the Latino/a population regarding race, and we provide insight into Black Latinos/as experiences.
Self-Stigma and Veteran Culture:

Self-stigma is a salient concept in mental health care. Consequences of self-stigma include increased morbidity and decreased engagement with the health care system. Cultural factors may affect self-stigma and its consequences. This article utilizes the Giger and Davidhizar transcultural assessment model to explore veteran culture and self-stigma. Veterans have their own cultural values that can affect nursing care. Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom veterans are seeking care in community settings more often than within the VA system; therefore, all nurses should be aware of the cultural needs of veterans including the impact of self-stigma.
A Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Platelets from Healthy Human Patients and Chronic ITP Patients Receiving AMG 531, a Thrombopoiesis-Stimulating Protein.

AMG 531 is a novel thrombopoiesis-stimulating “peptibody” consisting of an Fc carrier domain linked to 4 identical peptides that bind to and activate Mpl, the human thrombopoietin receptor. It has proven efficacy in raising platelet counts of patients with chronic ITP, and is being evaluated in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia and myelodysplastic syndrome. While platelets from healthy subjects receiving AMG 531 reportedly behave normally in platelet aggregation studies, the effects of this medication on protein expression profiles are not known. The platelets from 12 healthy patients without known platelet defects and 9 chronic ITP patients receiving AMG 531 were isolated and their proteins extracted. Proteins with isoelectric points between pH 3 and 7 were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and stained with Sypro protein detection reagent. These gels were scanned and compared using Progenesis SameSpots software. In this pH range, there were approximately 5000 unique spots detected, representing individual proteins, isoforms of proteins or cleavage products. On multivariate analysis, approximately 11% of these proteins were expressed at levels significantly different between healthy patients without a known platelet disorder and chronic ITP patients receiving AMG 531. Principal component analysis substantiates these differences and a protein dendrogram has been created. The most significant protein expression differences are identified by tandem mass spectrometry. It is not known if these differences in protein expression represent younger platelets, stimulation of protein synthesis by AMG 531, or altered platelet protein expression as a reflection of the ITP. There is no known clinical correlate of these protein changes.
Role of the medullary lateral tegmental field in sympathetic control

The sympathetic nervous system maintains and regulates arterial pressure and tissue perfusion, via control of cardiac output and vasomotor tone. Sympatho-vascular-mediated increases in blood pressure are effected by arterioloconstriction, which causes an increase in afterload, and/or venoconstriction, which increases venous return, left ventricular preload, and consequently, the force of cardiac contraction via Frank-Starling mechanisms; withdrawal of sympathetic drive elicits reciprocal effects. Spinalization reduces mammalian arterial pressure to 40-50 mm Hg consequent to the elimination of descending medullary pre-sympathetic bulbospinal drive to preganglionic sympathetic fibers in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord. Beyond agreement that sympathetic tone is generated supraspinally, there is only controversy. One hypothesis posits that pre-sympathetic medullary regions, such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and caudal raphe group, possess intrinsic tonic activity. Alternatively, pre-sympathetic medullary regions may receive tonic excitation from other areas in the brainstem. Neurons in the lateral tegmental field (LTF), an exclusively propriobulbar entity (cf. pre-Botzinger complex - the propriobulbar inspiratory rhythmogenic kernel of the respiratory network), fire before and project to pre-sympathetic units in RVLM and caudal raphe and exhibit activity correlated to the cardiac-related rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge, making the LTF a likely candidate for the primary source of basal sympathoexcitation. The LTF is additionally involved in a variety of cardiovascular and sympathetic reflexes (i.e., baroreflex, Bezold-Jarisch reflex). As it receives descending afferents from the infralimbic cortex and associated limbic structures, suggesting a role in the sympathetic response to fear, as well as vestibular inputs, consistent with a role in coordinating the sympathetic response with emesis proper, the LTF appears to play an extensive integrative role. In this review, we discuss the LTF, a once mysterious, poorly-characterized, and ill-defined region, the contribution of which to cardiovascular reflexes and basal sympathoexcitation has been more thoroughly elucidated in recent years and any model of central control of sympathetic output must take into consideration the contribution of this important region.
Nanophotonics: Nanoscale Optical Science and Technology

Nanophotonics defined as nanoscale optical science and technology is a new frontier, which includes nanoscale confinement of radiation, nanoscale confinement of matter, and nanoscale photophysical or photochemical transformation. Selected examples of our research work in each of these areas are presented here. Nonlinear optical interactions involving nanoscale confinement of radiation is both theoretically and experimentally studied using a near-field geometry. The effort in nanoscale confinement of optical domains is focused to control excitation dynamics and energy transfer as well as to produce photon localization using nanostructured rare-earth doped glasses and novel inorganic-organic photorefractive nanocomposites. Spatially localized photochemistry using a near-field two-photon excitation is being developed for nanofabrication and nanoscale memory.
Growth and Enzyme Production in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Fed Cellulose and Chitin Supplemented Diets

The blue crab [Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896)] is a benthic decapod with a varied diet. The diet includes invertebrates and detrital material that can have relatively large amounts of chitin and cellulose, both of which can be difficult to digest for many organisms and often require the aid of specific bacteria in the gut microbiome. In this study, juvenile blue crabs were fed an optimized defined pelleted diet with a 20% replacement of wheat flour filler with either chitin, cellulose, or a 14%/6% mix of both, followed by a diet switch to the opposing ingredient. Crabs had increasing growth performance with increasing amounts of cellulose in the diet versus chitin and had an additional molt in most cases. This occurred during the initial phase and following the switch, indicating that performance can be recovered. Subsequently, cellulose and chitin digestion assays were used to show that the foregut, midgut, and hindgut were all able to significantly digest more cellulose than chitin with the majority of activity in the foregut and midgut. Implications for rearing and diet formulations as well as the role of cellulose and chitin digestion in the natural diet are discussed.
Ultra-peripheral collisions and hadronic structure

Abstract Ultra-peripheral collisions are the energy frontier for photon-mediated interactions, reaching, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), γ − p center of mass energies five to ten times higher than at HERA and reaching γγ energies higher than at LEP. Photoproduction of heavy quarkonium and dijets in pp and pA collisions probes the gluon distribution in protons at Bjorken- x values down to 3 × 10 − 6 , far smaller than can be otherwise studied. In AA collisions, these reactions probe the gluon distributions in heavy ions, down to x values of a few 10 − 5 . Although more theoretical work is needed to nail down all of the uncertainties, inclusion of these data in current parton distribution function fits would greatly improve the accuracy of the gluon distributions at low Bjorken- x and low/moderate Q 2 . High-statistics ρ 0 data probe the spatial distribution of the interaction sites; the site distribution is given by the Fourier transform of d σ / d t . After introducing UPCs, this review presents recent measurements of dilepton production and light-by-light scattering and recent data on proton and heavy nuclei structure, emphasizing results presented at Quark Matter 2017 (QM2017).
Breve historia de las causas naturales de la enfermedad humana

Al estudiar las causas de la enfermedad que se han planteado durante el desarrollo de la humanidad, se pueden distinguir tres grandes perspectivas: la natural, la sobrenatural y la artificial. En esta monografia se distinguen las causas naturales racionales de la enfermedad de las irracionales. Dentro de los planteamientos causales naturales y racionales de la enfermedad cabe destacar la teoria egipcia de los residuos intestinales putrefactos, o wechdu, el planteamiento humoral, el atomista, el contagioso, el celular, el molecular (genetico) y el ecogenetico. Con relacion a los planteamientos causales de tipo irracional, esoterico y mistico de la enfermedad, se mencionan el astrologico, el alquimico, el iatroquimico, el iatromecanico y otros, como la teoria de la irritabilidad, el solidismo, el brownismo y el mesmerismo
Plasmonic Sensing with 3D Printed Optics.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has undergone an exponential growth in popularity due to its revolutionary and near limitless manufacturing capabilities. Recent trends have seen this technology utilized across a variety of scientific disciplines, including the measurement sciences, but precise fabrication of optical components for high-performance biosensing has not yet been demonstrated. We report here 3D printing of high-quality, custom prisms by stereolithography that enable Kretschmann-configured plasmonic sensing of bacterial toxins. Simple benchtop polishing procedures render a smooth surface that supports propagation of surface plasmon polaritons with a deposited gold layer, which exhibit high bulk refractive index sensitivities and are capable of discriminating trace levels of cholera toxin on a supported lipid membrane interface. Further evidence of the flexibility of this manufacturing technique is demonstrated with printed prisms of varied geometries and in situ monitoring of nanoparticle growt...
Quantum Chemical Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel

Sulfur compounds in fuels are converted to SOx during combustion, poisoning automotive catalytic converters and creating serious environmental concerns (e.g., acid rain). The efficient desulfurization of liquid fuel is thus a critical step toward minimizing SOx emissions and their associated environmental impact. To address this problem, governments worldwide have passed stringent legislation regulating the maximal sulfur levels allowable in fuels. In the petroleum refining industry, the conventional method for removing sulfur from fuel is catalytic hydrodesulfurization which, while highly efficient for removing mercaptans, thioethers, and disulfides, shows limited performance in removing aromatic organosulfur compounds exemplified by dibenzothiophene. To meet these strict environmental targets, innovative strategies beyond hydrodesulfurization for the deep desulfurization of fuel are sought. One key strategy entails the oxidation of refractory organosulfur compounds in liquid fuel, coupled with efficient...
Simulated Moving Bed Chromatographic Reactors

The application of the simulated moving bed (SMB) concept to countercurrent chromatographic reactors where chemical or biochemical conversions occur with a simultaneous separation is considered. Two mathematical models are developed to predict the behavior of SMB reactors. The first one is based on a direct simulation of the transient behavior of each adsorptive reactor and the second is based on an equivalent true countercurrent analysis. The results of simulations based on these models suggest that the SMB concept can be applied to obtain an excellent approximation of true countercurrent chromatographic reactors without the complexities of countercurrent flow of solid and fluid phases.
Bioethics in Social Context

In summary, I have argued that this difficulty in attending and recognizing is tied to restrictive methodological assumptions about the field of bioethics. These restrictive assumptions are not just unfortunate blindspots, but potentially disabling forces to those who are most vulnerable and powerless in medical interactions. I have also argued that placing bioethical inquiry in the larger context of other humanities and social science disciplines will help to counter this methodological parochialism. The distinct advantage of placing bioethics in social context is that an interdisciplinary setting makes it less likely that we will be seduced by the intellectual glamour, or the intuitive emotional appeal, of any single approach to moral problems. Resisting a hyper-theoretical approach to the methods of bioethics will make for greater agility in problem-solving, and more resilience in facing those problems that cannot be solved. It will, in the end, make for better health professionals and for better patient care.
Ungulate Herbivory Is Correlated with High Aspen Suckering Density but Reductions in Aspen Growth Rates and Recruitment

Abstract Aspen is a foundation species that provides vital habitat for hundreds of plant and animal species. However, changing ungulate herbivory regimes may be altering recruitment success and resilience of aspen forests. The objective of this observational study was to quantify the impacts of ungulate herbivory on aspen recruitment potential. We sampled 36 aspen dominant stands on the Fishlake National Forest in Utah for browse of apical meristems, suckering density (
Growing bricks: Assessing biocement for lower embodied carbon structures

Abstract Biologically-hardened concrete masonry units (CMUs) utilizing the microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process have recently been promoted as a method to increase environmental sustainability in the construction industry. These biological CMUs (BioCMUs) do not require thermal hardening and thus could yield a significant reduction in embodied carbon in structures given that concrete production makes up 5% of overall global CO2 emissions. The objective of this paper is to compare the environmental and economic aspects of BioCMUs and conventional CMUs to determine under what conditions BioCMUs may be sustainable. Several LCAs of conventional CMUs were reviewed and an impact assessment was conducted using the TRACI 2.0 impact methodology. Conservatively, it was determined that conventional CMUs have more than three times the global warming potential (GWP) in kg CO2-eq and more than twice the respiratory effects in kg PM2.5 eq of BioCMUs. Conversely, BioCMUs have more than twice the eutrophication potential of conventional CMUs. On the economic front, estimates show the BioCMU must cost within $0.03 to $0.07 of the conventional CMU to save CO2-eq at a lower cost than contemporary carbon offset programs. Other uses for biocementation, such as for erosion control, are discussed in addition to the sensitivity of the BioCMU’s sustainability to critical resources such as water. Given the trade-off between air pollution and water pollution, not to mention cost and performance, the choice between BioCMUs and conventional CMUs must be context specific – particularly until further breakthroughs in biocementation occur.
Overtwisted positive contact surgeries

Abstract We study the tightness of positive contact surgery on Legendrian knots in tight contact 3-manifolds. Along with more general results, we give a partial generalisation of a result of Lisca and Stipsicz: if L is a null-homologous Legendrian knot with t b ( L ) ≤ − 2 and | r o t ( L ) | > 2 g ( L ) − 1 + t b ( L ) , then contact ( + 1 ) –surgery on L is overtwisted. We also give a condition under which all positive contact surgeries on a Legendrian knot are overtwisted.
New mathematical results and explicit expressions in terms of the stress components of Barlat et al. (1991) orthotropic yield criterion

Abstract In this paper are provided new mathematical results and equivalent expressions of the orthotropic yield criterion of Barlat et al. (1991) for body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) materials, respectively. Specifically, it is shown that this criterion is expressible as a simple polynomial in terms of the Cauchy stress components. Using these new explicit expressions, it becomes possible to establish new correlations between the anisotropy coefficients and mechanical properties. It is shown that the anisotropy coefficients involved in Barlat et al. (1991) are expressible solely in terms of uniaxial yield stresses, or alternatively only in terms of Lankford coefficients, and can be easily determined by solving simple algebraic systems of equations. Illustrative examples are presented for textured steel and aluminum alloys.
Genomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with active hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.

e15593Background: HBV replication contributes to HCC initiation and is associated with worse patient outcomes. Prior tumor genomic studies of HBV-positive and -negative (HBV+/-) HCC have used detec...
FIX IT BLACK JESUS: The Iconography of Christ in Good Times

Good Times is primarily remembered for the situation comedy that it became, rather than how the series began. As a part of what Means Coleman classifies as “The Lear Era: Social Relevancy and Ridiculed Black Subjectivity,” the series was the first sitcom in TV history to feature a loving, working-class, Black nuclear family—the Evanses—with a focus on recounting their racial and socioeconomic challenges and gains. While the representational treatment of the Evanses as a whole and full family by network television (CBS) was groundbreaking, Good Times, perhaps, still reinforced implicit schemas regarding Blackness as the Evanses were poor and lived in Chicago’s rough-and-tumble Cabrini Green Housing Projects. Further, as the series progressed, narrative attention focused on the character J.J., a ‘Jim Crow’ stereotype (i.e., eye-bulging, wide-smiling, hustler) whose emergence as the centerpiece of the series eventually prompted co-star, John Amos, to leave the once stereotype-busting show out of protest. Although Good Times ultimately fell into the stereotype trap, the first two seasons of the series worked effectively in representing Blackness as complex and worthy. This article focuses on “Thank You Black Jesus”, a season-one episode that centers on J.J.’s painting of Black Jesus, an artistic interpretation that is in line with the Bible’s description of Jesus. “Thank You Black Jesus” begs several important questions surrounding religious and secular symbols, the interpellation and hailing of Blackness, and faith or suspending one’s disbelief. In this article, we conduct a critical, cultural analysis to explore the meanings that are associated with symbols, Blackness, and faith. We also consider the staying power of the “Black Jesus” episode in contemporary popular culture, as witnessed in the form of memes, intertextual references to the episode in other media texts, and as elucidated by continued debates surrounding the race of Jesus and the ways to pursue an iconography of inclusiveness.
Novel SiC Power Module for Traction Power Inverters with Low Parasitic Inductances

Automotive industry is moving fast to adopt SiC devices in the next generation electric vehicles due to numerous benefits such as reduced losses, higher blocking voltage, smaller package of power electronics components, etc… A new power module package, which is optimized for traction inverters, is presented in this paper. Electrical layout of power module is optimized, where power loop parasitic inductance is minimized to be 5 nH, enabling fast switching with low voltage overshoot. Complete power stage, including power module and dc bulk capacitor, is designed to achieve low inductance of only 5.5 nH. New reverse conducting 900V, 10mΩ SiC MOSFETs from Wolfspeed are used in this power module, reducing conduction and dynamic switching losses. Power module can deliver 250 kW of active power, while achieving high overall efficiency of 98.5%. Performance merits of the new power module design are verified experimentally through extensive static and dynamic characterization. The new SiC power module is an excellent package for automotive applications, enabling operations at higher switching frequencies and resulting in smaller power conversion components.
IS PRE-EXISTING PULMONARY HYPERTENSION A PREDICTOR OF LEFT VENTRICLE SYSTOLIC FUNCTION AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT?

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with severe AS. In this study, we investigated the impact of PH on left ventricular (LV) function, remodeling and functional status among patients undergoing TAVR for severe AS. We reviewed records of patients with severe AS who underwent pre-
18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging features of lipomatous tumors.

The objective was to evaluate the 18F-FDG PET/CT characteristics of lipomatous tumors, and examine features helpful in differentiating benign from malignant tumor subtypes. Patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT from 01/2005 to 03/2018 with subsequent pathologically confirmed liposarcoma, lipoma, or hibernoma were retrospectively reviewed with IRB approval. A variety of imaging features, including metabolic activity and tumor morphology were noted. 67 tumors were included: 13 lipomas, five hibernomas, 16 atypical lipomatous tumors, 16 dedifferentiated liposarcomas, 15 myxoid liposarcomas, and two pleomorphic liposarcomas. There were 42 males and 23 females, mean age 58.8 ± 13.6 years. Mean SUVmax of lipomas measured 0.8 ± 0.2, atypical lipomatous tumors 2.3 ± 1.2, myxoid liposarcomas 3.0 ± 1.0, hibernomas 11.9 ± 8.4, pleomorphic liposarcomas 13.5 ± 2.9, and dedifferentiated liposarcomas 16.3 ± 11.4. There was no significant difference in metabolism between benign and malignant subtypes (SUVmax 3.9 ± 6.5 versus 7.6 ± 9.2, P = 0.13). There was a significant difference in metabolism between low- and high-grade liposarcoma (SUVmax 2.5 ± 1.2 versus 12.8 ± 10.8, P = 0.0001). 10/13 lipomas, 2/5 hibernomas, and 2/16 atypical lipomatous tumors had no internal soft tissue content. There are overlapping 18FDG PET/CT features of benign and malignant lipomatous tumors. While liposarcoma grade correlates with SUVmax, malignant lesions (myxoid liposarcomas and atypical lipomatous tumors) may present with low FDG uptake and benign lesions (hibernomas) may demonstrate high metabolic activity. In some instances, a combination of metabolic and morphologic characteristics may narrow the differential diagnosis, or even be diagnostic.
Poetry and Group Process: Restoring Heart and Mind

The author provides a chronicle of a poetry session that he conducted as a poet in a state mental hospital.
Chapter 2 – Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is an increasingly significant public health issue, with the number of people living with AD projected to increase dramatically over the next few decades. The diagnosis is still primarily made based on history and physical and neurologic examinations. More than 100 years after description of the disease, two major pathological processes observed already by Alois Alzheimer remain as the main explanation of the pathogenesis of the disease. Overwhelming evidence suggests that AD is a disorder of protein aggregation in which the buildup of the normally soluble Aβ and tau drives AD pathogenesis. Approved treatments are few and of limited efficacy, serving mostly to slow or delay progression and not to cure the disease, despite significant research by pharmaceutical industries. To this end, cholinesterase inhibitors offer some help in treating cognitive and global functioning, as well as some behavioral abnormalities. Therapies based on decreasing production, increasing clearance, decreasing aggregation, and removing aggregates of both Aβ and tau are in development. Such approaches have the promise to delay or perhaps even prevent the onset of symptomatic AD if started as early as possible before the appearance of cognitive symptoms.
[Determination of trichloroaldehyde in drinking water using liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography].

Objective To establish a liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography method for the determination of trichloroacetaldehyde in drinking water. Methods Chromatography parameters and extraction parameters, such as extraction solvent, salting out reagents, internal standards and pH were tested and selected. Using the optimized parameters, methods validation and comparison with the national standard examination method was also conducted. Results Employing the optimized extraction and instrumental analytic parameters, good correlation coefficient was obtained in the linear range of 0.20-20.0 μg/L, with r greater than 0.999. The methods detection limit was 0.030 μg/L. When spiked concentration was 1.0 μg/L for pure water and tap water, the recoveries were 94.8% and 93.7%, respectively, and relative standard deviation was 2.9% and 3.4%, respectively. When spiked concentration was 16.0 μg/L for pure water and tap water, the recoveries were both 101% and relative standard deviation was 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Paired samples t test showed that the result obtained with this method were generally lower than that acquired from the national standard examination method. Conclusion This method is sensitive and accurate, and it is suitable for the determination of trichloroaldehyde in drinking water.
Exploration of the duality between generalized geometry and extraordinary magnetoresistance

We outline the duality between the extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR), observed in semiconductor-metal hybrids, and nonsymmetric gravity coupled to a diffusive $U(1)$ gauge field. The corresponding gravity theory may be interpreted as the generalized complex geometry of the semidirect product of the symmetric metric and the antisymmetric Kalb-Ramond field: (${g}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}+{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$). We construct the four-dimensional covariant field theory and compute the resulting equations of motion. The equations encode the most general form of EMR within a well defined variational principle, for specific lower dimensional embedded geometric scenarios. Our formalism also reveals the emergence of additional diffusive pseudocurrents for a completely dynamic field theory of EMR. The proposed equations of motion now include terms that induce geometrical deformations in the device geometry in order to optimize the EMR. This bottom-up dual description between EMR and generalized geometry/gravity lends itself to a deeper insight into the EMR effect with the promise of potentially new physical phenomena and properties.
The Lorentz Groups \({\circledast }\)

In this chapter we study a class of linear Lie groups known as the Lorentz groups. As we will see, the Lorentz groups provide interesting examples of homogeneous spaces. Moreover, the Lorentz group SO(3, 1) shows up in an interesting way in computer vision.
The Efficacy and Safety of Combined Senna and Probiotic-Based Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy in Children.

Background and objective Bowel preparation (BP) is a major determinant of accurate and successful colonoscopy and its outcomes in children and adults. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a senna alkaloid and probiotic-based BP in children undergoing elective colonoscopy. Methods Children aged 2-15 years who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and colonoscopy for various indications from December 2018 to May 2019 at the Apollo Children's Hospital who were prescribed a senna and probiotic-based [Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans)] preparation before the procedure were included in the study. The effectiveness of the bowel preparation was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Safety assessment was performed by recording adverse events in the study. Results Successful bowel preparation was observed in all patients according to BBPS, and the mean BBPS score was 2.93 ±0.25, indicating good bowel clearance. About 29 (96.67%) patients showed accessible terminal ileum. There were no major side effects reported in the study. The formulation was found to be palatable and acceptable by 100% of patients. Conclusion The study revealed the administration of the novel BP to be effective and safe in children undergoing elective colonoscopy for various indications.
Novel Modulation Strategy to Eliminate Device Overvoltage Stress and Enable True ZVS Operation in the Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer

The Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer (S4T) is a minimal single-stage current source converter with high-frequency isolation and soft-switching across the entire load range. The 3-quadrant reverse blocking switches used in the S4T and their associated parasitic capacitances can lead to situations where the voltage across a device is higher than the total leg voltage. This results in significant overvoltage stress across the power devices and generates spurious high dv/dt transitions. This paper analyzes the source of this unique device overvoltage stress and introduces a novel modulation strategy to eliminate it and ensure true zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of all the power devices. The proposed modulation strategy applies to all S4T variants and offers a simple, no-cost solution to reduce the voltage rating requirement of the switches, enabling the scaling of the topology to higher voltage levels.
Prevalence of burnout and its relationship to health status and social support in more than 1000 subspecialty anesthesiologists

Background Physician burnout may be at ‘epidemic’ proportions due to factors associated with modern healthcare practice and technology. Practice attributes vary appreciably among subspecialists. Understanding burnout incidence and its associated factors could illuminate potential causes and interventions. We evaluated burnFout, mental and physical health, and social support and coping skills in acute and chronic pain physicians and pediatric and cardiac anesthesiologists. Methods We administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), a two-item self-identified burnout measure, the Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey and the Social Support and Personal Coping Survey to subspecialty society members practicing acute and chronic pain management, pediatric anesthesiology and cardiac anesthesiology. Multivariable regression analysis compared the groups, and adjusted burnout prevalence was compared with an all-physician and an employed general population sample. Results Among 1303 participants (response rates 21.6%–35.6% among the subspecialty groups), 43.4% met established burnout criteria (range 30.0%–62.3%). Chronic pain physicians had significantly worse scores (unadjusted) than the other three groups of subspecialty anesthesiologists, the all-physician comparator group and the general population comparator group. Mental health inversely correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in all groups. Self-identified burnout correlated with the full MBI-HSS (R=0.54; positive predictive value of 0.939 (0.917, 0.955)). Physicians’ scores for personal accomplishment were higher than population norms. Conclusions This study provides data on burnout prevalence and associated demographic, health and social factors in subspecialist anesthesiologists. Chronic pain anesthesiologists had significantly greater burnout than the other groups. The self-identified burnout metric performed well and may be an attractive alternative to the full MBI-HSS.
SU-E-T-397: Evaluation of Planned Dose Distributions by Monte Carlo (0.5%) and Ray Tracing Algorithm for the Spinal Tumors with CyberKnife

Purpose: To analyze and evaluate dose distribution between Ray Tracing (RT) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms of 0.5% uncertainty on a critical structure of spinal cord and gross target volume and planning target volume. Methods: Twenty four spinal tumor patients were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) by CyberKnife in 2013 and 2014. The MC algorithm with 0.5% of uncertainty is used to recalculate the dose distribution for the treatment plan of the patients using the same beams, beam directions, and monitor units (MUs). Results: The prescription doses are uniformly larger for MC plans than RT except one case. Up to a factor of 1.19 for 0.25cc threshold volume and 1.14 for 1.2cc threshold volume of dose differences are observed for the spinal cord. Conclusion: The MC recalculated dose distributions are larger than the original MC calculations for the spinal tumor cases. Based on the accuracy of the MC calculations, more radiation dose might be delivered to the tumor targets and spinal cords with the increase prescription dose.
Chapter XXIII A Practical Guide to the Effects of Visible and Ultraviolet Light on Fungitt

Publisher Summary Visible and near-visible light (200-750 nanometers) profoundly influence many aspects of the growth, development, reproduction, and behavior of fungi. In nature, most fungi are exposed during a portion of their life cycle to a little far-ultraviolet radiation (mainly 290-300 nm), and to considerable near-ultraviolet (300-380 nm) and visible (380-750 nm) radiation. Many effects of light on fungi have been reported by numerous investigators. The chapter presents general practical guide for those interested in the effects of light on fungi. Each light-induced phenomenon is described briefly with emphasis on the responsible wavelengths where these are known. New evidence indicates that visible light may be able to induce mutations in some microorganisms. The effect of far-UV on the survival of fungi is dependent on many factors. Spores for example, are much more resistant to the lethal effects of UV than vegetative mycelium, sensitivity of spores is frequently related to color and pigmented spores often survive longer exposures to far-UV than colorless spores; in addition thickness of spore wall may also be involved in the ability of fungi to tolerate radiation. Age can also influence sensitivity of spores and old spores of Aspergillus melleus are more tolerant to far-UV than young spores. The lethal effects of far-UV have many applications in science, industry, and medicine. The low-pressure mercury vapor lamp or germicidal lamp is an inexpensive, efficient, and widely used source of fungicidal UV.
Cataloging, Classification, and Pedagogy:

Reactions focused on the provisions of the machine readable records for access to the intellectual level of the content of materials described and classified in a catalog. This author explored the impact of minimal level cataloging, retrospective conversion projects, and the limitations of certain formats, e.g., MARC serials format, on access to intellectual level of content with a brief look at the perceived need for such access. Other possible connectors to the intellectual level or intended audience that received mention were the use of expert systems and the classified catalog, specifically utilizing an expanded UDC (University Decimal Classification).
Climatic Factors, Reproductive Success and Population Dynamics in the Montane Vole Microtus Montanus

Multiannual fluctuations ("cycles") in population density of small rodents doubtless result from the interaction of a multitude of factors, as evidenced by the variety of hypotheses proposed to explain the phenomenon (for reviews see Finerty 1980, Taitt and Krebs 1985). However, the inability of these hypotheses - alone or in combination - to explain the causality of cycles rests in no small measure with the fact that long-term studies of the phenomenon are notoriously uncommon. The objectives of this project are to continue a long-term study of the population dynamics of the montane vole, Microtus montanus, in Grand Teton National Park. On the basis of earlier observations (Pinter 1986, 1988) particular emphasis will be placed on how environmental variables, possibly acting through reproductive responses, contribute to the population density cycles of these rodents.
Is Development of a Vaccine against Cryptococcus neoformans Feasible

Cryptococcus neoformans, the predominant etiological agent of cryptococcosis, is an encapsulated fungal pathogen that can cause fungal pneumonia and life-threatening infections of the central nervous system (CNS) [1]. C. neoformans can be found ubiquitously throughout the environment [1]. Inhalation of airborne yeast or desiccated basidiospores typically results in asymptomatic disease or dormant infections; however, progression towards clinical disease commonly occurs in persons with severely compromised immune responses. Global estimates suggest that 1 million cases of cryptococcal meningitis occur each year, resulting in approximately 625,000 deaths [2]. Morbidity and mortality rates due to cryptococcosis are significantly higher in resource-limited settings and in individuals with impaired CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses (reviewed in [3–5]). Current therapies are often rendered ineffective because of the development of drug resistance by C. neoformans, drug toxicity, and treatment cost. Thus, a need remains for a cost-effective approach to prevent cryptococcosis.
UNA NUEVA ESPECIE Y UN NUEVO REGISTRO DE DRYMONIA (GESNERIACEAE) EN COSTA RICA

Se describe Drymonia glandulosa Kriebel, una nueva especie que habita en las bajuras del norte de la vertiente caribe de Costa Rica, y se compara con D. conchocalyx. Drymonia mortoniana Wiehler se reconoce como especie valida y representa un nuevo registro en la flora del pais.
Punishment and Control: Juvenile Justice Reform in the USA

A separate justice system for juveniles has existed in the USA for over 100 years. It was originally intended to unction as a social welfare system with dual aims: to shield young delinquents from the corrupting influence of seasoned adult offenders, and to provide delinquents and status offenders1In the USA, the juvenile justice population is classified into delinquents—those who commit crimes—and status offenders—those who commit special juvenile offenses like truancy, running away from home, and “being beyond parental control” that would not be crimes if committed by adults. The jurisdiction over status offenders has historically been justified on the grounds that these are youth at-risk for delinquency.with the guidance and treatment necessary to make the often difficult transition through adolescence to become law abiding adults. Over the last century, and most especially since the 1960s, juvenile justice policy has shifted dramatically, undergoing a series of reforms that have reshaped the system and challenged the principles on which it was founded.