cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Buffering against performance classroom goal structures: The importance of autonomy support and classroom community.

Abstract The culture of schooling in the United States has become increasingly focused on outwardly proving student competence. Some achievement goal theorists suggest that a major casualty of performance-oriented classroom environments may be student motivation for developing and improving competence. The present study extends across theoretical frameworks of motivation to highlight student perceptions of contextual variables that may mitigate or “buffer” the negative relationship between a perceived performance-oriented classroom goal structure and mastery goals. Survey data were collected from 178 high school students in 15 mathematics classes. Multilevel modeling was used to test student perceptions of three contextual buffers: classroom community, teacher’s autonomy support, and a mastery classroom goal structure. Two significant interactions revealed that classroom community and autonomy support erased the negative effect of a perceived performance classroom goal structure. Results provide practitioners with tools for counteracting potential negative implications of emphasizing performance in the classroom.
The online bibliography of dendrochronology

Summary The Bibliography of Dendrochronology is a computer database of literature relevant to the various fields in the tree-ring sciences. The database was created and is continuously updated by Dr. Henri D. Grissino-Mayer. Access to the database is now available to scientists on the worldwide web via a searchable online interface made possible by Michele Kaennel Dobbertin with funding provided by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; where the online version resides. The database only contains references that use tree-ring information in some way. Each entry is indexed using separate fields for general keywords, site information, and species examined. Abstracts are available for many entries as well. The future success of the online database depends on the contributions of articles by scientists worldwide. We therefore encourage scientists to supply the bibliographic details of their articles online via the web interface, and to send hard copies of the actual articles to either author so that more comprehensive indexing can be accomplished.
Deconstructing the declaration: A case study in pragrammatology

Sur la notion de programmatologie destinee chez Derrida a integrer pragmatisme et grammatologie
An Evaluation of Inbred Rabbit Populations by Skin Homotransplantation

ALTHOUGH the classical tissue transplantation investigations by Medawar were performed on rabbits, the lack of isogenic strains such as exist in mice and in guinea-pigs has limited the usefulness of the rabbit in experimental transplantation. Since inbred populations of rabbits are rare, we wish to report preliminary experiments carried out in such a colony.
Doubts about complex speciation between humans and chimpanzees

Two patterns from large-scale DNA sequence data have been put forward as evidence that speciation between humans and chimpanzees was complex, involving hybridization and strong selection. First, divergence between humans and chimpanzees varies considerably across the autosomes. Second, divergence between humans and chimpanzees (but not gorillas) is markedly lower on the X chromosome. Here, we describe how simple speciation and neutral molecular evolution explain both patterns. In particular, the wide range in autosomal divergence is consistent with stochastic variation in coalescence times in the ancestral population; and the lower human–chimpanzee divergence on the X chromosome is consistent with species differences in the strength of male-biased mutation caused by differences in mating system. We also highlight two further patterns of divergence that are problematic for the complex speciation model. Our conclusions raise doubts about complex speciation between humans and chimpanzees.
Simple Linear Space Formalism for Polarization-Dependent Interferometers: Theory and Application to Phase-Modulated Photonic Links

We outline a formalism for modeling interferometers, such as asymmetric Mach–Zehender interferometers used in both microwave photonic links and modern transmission systems. The formalism permits modeling elements with birefringence and polarization-dependent loss. By introducing a coordinate transformation between the standard “waveguide” view (coupled polarizations and independent waveguides) and the “coupler” view (coupled waveguides with independent polarizations), we reduce modeling to a concatenation of block diagonal operators and coordinate transformations. This connects to, and generalizes, an earlier approach. We illustrate the formalism by calculating the phase shift in a birefringent interferometer suffering differential normal mode losses in the couplers. Such phase shifts can be a significant source of even-order distortion in phase-modulated links employing an interferometer-based receiver.
The Classic American Pragmatists As Forerunners To Symbolic Interactionism

Although it is generally known that symbolic interactionism is historically and philosophically linked to American pragmatism, relatively little attention has been given to assessing the separate influences of Peirce, James, Dewey, and Mead upon its development. This paper contends that there were two opposing branches of American pragmatism: (1) the social realism of Peirce's pragmatism, and (2) the social nominalism of James's pragmatism. The writings of Dewey and Mead reflect the influences of both of these branches. Dewey, however, was more closely aligned with James while Mead's work is more consistent with Peirce's principles. Blumerian symbolic interactionism is essentially a continuation of the nominalistic James/Dewey branch of American pragmatism, notwithstanding the popular notion that, among the classic American pragmatists, Mead was the principal precursor of symbolic interactionism.
Pentobarbitone inhibition of catecholamine secretion.

Summary 1 The perfused isolated cow adrenal gland was used to investigate the effect of barbituric acid, phenobarbitone and pentobarbitone on catecholamine secretion. 2 Pentobarbitone reduced catecholamine secretion induced by a number of drugs which cause exocytosis. The concentration of pentobarbitone which caused a 50% inhibition of catecholamine secretion was for acetylcholine 5·6 × 10−5m, for carbachol 6·3 × 10−5m, for histamine 1·6 × 10−4m, for (+)-amphetamine 4·4 × 10−5m and for potassium chloride 1·5 × 10−4m. The degree of inhibition by pentobarbitone was not dependent on the concentration of the secretagogue. 3 Pentobarbitone (up to 10−3m) did not inhibit the catecholamine release that was induced by acetyldehyde or by calcium chloride; it inhibited slightly (34%) the catecholamine secretion induced by tyramine. 4 Catecholamine release induced by carbachol was also inhibited by phenobarbitone (50% inhibition at 2·8 × 10−4m (n = 7)) but was unaffected by barbituric acid. 5 Pentobarbitone had no effect on spontaneous or on (+)-amphetamine- or tyramine-induced release of catecholamines from isolated chromaffin vesicles of cow adrenal medulla. 6 It is concluded that pentobarbitone inhibits catecholamine release by preventing a configurational change in the structure of the membrane of the chromaffin cell which is a necessary link between receptor activation and catecholamine release.
Epidemiology of a Maltose Fermenting Variant of Salmonella Pullorum

Abstract THE ability of Salmonella pullorum to ferment maltose is discussed by Hinshaw, Browne, and Taylor, (1943). In that paper the authors review the literature and present a study on the ability of certain strains to segregate into maltose fermenting and maltose non-fermenting substrains. In this paper is given epidemiological observations on a group of 146 non-motile Salmonella cultures, antigenically indistinguishable from, S. pullorum, which, on original isolation, fermented maltose with gas production in 24 to 72 hours, and which have continued to be rapid fermenters since isolation. SOURCE OF CULTURES In 1935, one of the writers (W. R. H.), isolated a culture of Salmonella from the ovary of a turkey hen. This proved to have all the characteristics of S. pullorum except that it produced acid and gas in maltose. The following spring two identical cultures were received from the laboratories of the California State Department of Agriculture with statements . . .
SAR imaging and multiresolution analysis

Many synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation algorithms require the computation of a multidimensional Fourier transform of irregularly sampled or unequally spaced data samples. We apply a recently developed algorithm, the unequally spaced FFT (USFFT), to SAR image formation and compare its accuracy and complexity to a conventional algorithm. We find that the USFFT algorithm allows comparable accuracy to traditional approaches at a slightly reduced computational cost. We briefly discuss extensions of the USFFT algorithm to multiresolution SAR imaging.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Break-Bulk Role of Terminals in Many-to-Many Logistic Networks

This paper examines the structure of many-to-many logistics networks. Using as little data as possible, it attempts to answer macroscopic questions such as: How many terminals should be used? Should they be used at all? What should be the frequency of service? Although such a problem could be formulated with a large number of parameters and data, we show that near-optimal network structures can be characterized by two dimensionless constants which can be determined from the data e.g., from the value of the items carried, the number of origins, the size of the service region, etc '. The number of stops made by vehicles, for example, is proportional to powers of the dimensionless constants, the powers depending on the number of transhipments allowed. Similar expressions are given for other network descriptors and for the resulting cost. The simple formulas and principles embodied in the paper can lead to quick cost estimates and rough design plans, with a minimum of data, that can be fine-tuned with existing tools. We also highlight the difference between many-to-many and one-to-many or many-to-one networks: we describe the break-bulk role of terminals as swapping points, and quantify the benefits and disadvantages of routing vehicles through a terminal that lies in their desired general direction of travel.
p-Chloroamphetamine: evidence against a serotonin mediated learning deficit in PKU.

Abstract Rats were injected with 5.0 mg/kg of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) or saline from 1–28 days of age. Groups treated with PCA showed hypoactivity in the open field at 29, 50 and 75 days of age when compared to rats treated with saline and facilitated avoidance in Y-maze acquisition at 57–61 days of age. At 36 and 68 days of age, at the time of behavioral testing, brain serotonin (5HT) was reduced slightly or not at all. However, in separate groups, brain 5HT was reduced 23% and 35% in 14 and 26 day-old rats after only a single treatment with PCA, suggesting that 5HT was reduced during the treatment period. At 66–68 days of age, 5HT turnover was also unaltered. These results suggest that the behavioral effects were due to neonatal 5HT depletion during a critical period of development rather than a concurrent 5HT depletion at the time of behavioral testing. Moreover, these data are at variance with the concept that neonatal 5HT depletion impairs learning ability and is the underlying CNS defect in phenylketonuria.
Collaborative Retrospective Macula Society Study of Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Purpose To assess the visual and anatomic outcomes of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT). Design Retrospective case series. Participants Patients with CSC who underwent PDT. Methods Members of the Macula Society were surveyed to retrospectively collect data on PDT treatment for CSC. Patient demographic information, PDT treatment parameters, fluorescein angiographic information, optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics, pre- and post-treatment visual acuity (VA), and adverse outcomes were collected online using standardized forms. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuities over time and presence or absence of subretinal fluid (SRF). Results Data were submitted on 265 eyes of 237 patients with CSC with a mean age of 52 (standard deviation [± 11]) years; 61 were women (26%). Mean baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA was 0.39±0.36 (20/50). Baseline VAs were ≥20/32 in 115 eyes (43%), 20/40 to 20/80 in 97 eyes (37%), and ≤20/100 in 47 eyes (18%). Normal fluence was used for PDT treatment in 130 treatments (49%), half-fluence was used in 128 treatments (48%), and very low fluence or missing information was used in 7 treatments (3%). The number of PDT treatments was 1 in 89%, 2 in 7%, and 3 in 3% of eyes. Post-PDT follow-up ranged from 1 month to more than 1 year. Post-PDT VA was correlated with baseline VA ( r = 0.70, P P > 0.01). Complications were rare: Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy was seen in 4% of patients, and acute severe visual decrease was seen in 1.5% of patients. Conclusions Photodynamic therapy was associated with improved VA and resolution of SRF. Adverse side effects were rare.
An expert system for the automatic placement of names on a geographic map

Abstract This paper describes the development of a system for solving the name placement problem, of automatically entering and positioning names on a geographic map. This problem has until recently defied all attempts at automation. An expert system was employed, which incorporates, in the form of a set of rules, the body of knowledge used by cartographers when performing this task manually. The system places names on a map in such a way that (1) there is an unambiguous association between each name and the feature to which it refers, (2) there is no overlap among names or among names and point features, (3) applicable cartographic standards and conventions are obeyed and (4) map visual comprehension is enhanced through the achievement of a high level of esthetic quality.
Kinetic evidence for an on-pathway intermediate in the folding of cytochrome c.

An early folding event of cytochrome c populates a helix-containing intermediate (INC) because of a pH-dependent misligation between the heme iron and nonnative ligands in the unfolded state (U). For folding to proceed, the nonnative ligation error must first be corrected. It is not known whether I is on-pathway, with folding to the native state (N) as in U ↔ INC ↔ N, or whether the I must first move back through the U and then fold to the N through some alternative path (INC ↔ U ↔ N). By means of a kinetic test, it is shown here that the cytochrome c I does not first unfold to U. The method used provides an experimental criterion for rejecting the off-pathway I ↔ U ↔ N option.
Inability of Single Carrier Tunneling Barriers to Give Subthermal Subthreshold Swings in MOSFETs

A simple potential mapping is used to show that tunneling through a single barrier, as in Schottky-barrier tunneling or source-to-drain tunneling in MOSFETs, cannot give rise to subthreshold swings below the thermionic limit (60 mV/decade at room temperature). While cognizant of the difficulty of proving a negative, it is thus highly unlikely that Schottky-barrier tunneling alone can result in reported instances of subthreshold swings that are less than 60 mV/decade.
Planning a County Agricultural Education Service

THERE is a very uneven pattern of development in agricultural education work, with considerable variation not only from one major farming region to another, but also from county to county. In some, the work has continued in an unbroken line from well before the 1939 war. In one county known well to the writer, present‐day students in day‐release classes know former students in those same classes who have joined the ranks of the leading farmers in the county. In other cases, while there was a fair amount of advisory work with farmers in pre‐war days, there was little or no direct educational work, which was left to the few farm institutes and agricultural colleges.
Health information technology interventions enhance care completion, engagement in HIV care and treatment, and viral suppression among HIV-infected patients in publicly funded settings

Background The National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) emphasizes the use of technology to facilitate coordination of comprehensive care for people with HIV. We examined the effect of six health information technology (HIT) interventions in a Ryan White-funded Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) on care completion services, engagement in HIV care, and viral suppression. Methods Interventions included use of surveillance data to identify out-of-care individuals, extending access to electronic health records to support service providers, use of electronic laboratory ordering and prescribing, and development of a patient portal. Data from a sample of electronic patient records from each site were analyzed to assess changes in utilization of comprehensive care (prevention screening, support service utilization), engagement in primary HIV medical care (receipt of services and use of antiretroviral therapy), and viral suppression. We used weighted generalized estimating equations to estimate outcomes while accounting for the unequal contribution of data and differences in the distribution of patient characteristics across sites and over time. Results We observed statistically significant changes in the desired direction in comprehensive care utilization and engagement in primary care outcomes targeted by each site. Five of six sites experienced statistically significant increases in viral suppression. Discussion These results provide additional support for the use of HIT as a valuable tool for achieving the NHAS goal of providing comprehensive care for all people living with HIV. HIT has the potential to increase utilization of services, improve health outcomes for people with HIV, and reduce community viral load and subsequent transmission of HIV.
Cotinine as a Biomarker of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure

A biomarker is desirable in quantitating systemic exposure both in smokers and nonsmokers to constituents of tobacco smoke. Self-report measures in smokers, such as cigarettes smoked per day, are highly imprecise owing to individual differences in how cigarettes are smoked, with ranges of nicotine intake per cigarette from 0.3 to 3.0 mg (1, 2). Self-report measures, such as hours per day exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by nonsmokers, are also likely to be imprecise indicators of intake of tobacco smoke owing to variations in the number of cigarettes smoked, proximity of nonsmokers to smokers, room ventilation and other environmental characteristics, as well as individual differences in sensitivity to and/or concern about adverse effects of ETS. The optimal assessment of exposure to tobacco smoke would be by analysis of the concentrations of a component of smoke in the body fluids of an exposed individual— i.e., a biologic marker or biomarker. There are two broad questions that need to be considered in assessing the validity of a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. The first is how well does the concentration of a marker chemical in the air reflect exposure to toxic constituents of smoke that are of concern? The second is how well does a concentration of a particular chemical in a biologic fluid reflect an individual's intake of that chemical (or a related chemical) from tobacco smoke? The National Research Council (3) has proposed criteria for a valid marker of ETS in the air as follows: The marker 1) should be unique or nearly unique for ETS so that other sources are minor in comparison; 2) should be easily detectable; 3) should be emitted at similar rates for a variety of tobacco products; and 4)
3D Finite Element Modeling of High-Speed Sliding Wear

Wear is defined as “the removal of material volume through some mechanical process between two surfaces”. There are many mechanical situations that can induce wear and each one can involve many wear mechanisms. This research focuses only on the wear due to dry sliding between two surfaces. Currently there is a need to identify and compare materials that would endure sliding wear under severe conditions such as high velocities. The high costs associated with the field experimentation of systems subject to high-speed sliding has prevented the collection of the data required to characterize this wear phenomenon. Simulating wear through finite elements would enable its prediction and would reduce experimentation costs. In the aerospace, automotive and weapon industries such a model can aid in material selection, design and/or testing of systems subject to wear such as: bearings, gears, brakes, gun barrels, slippers, locomotive wheels, or even rocket test tracks. This 3D wear model would allow us to reasonably predict high-speed sliding mechanical wear between two materials. The model predictions have shown reasonable results when compared against those measured on a sled slipper traveling over the Holloman High Speed Tests Track. This slipper traveled a distance of 5,816 meters in 8.14 seconds and reached a maximum velocity of 1,530 m/s.
A classification system and analysis for aspect-oriented programs

We present a new classification system for aspect-oriented programs. This system characterizes the interactions between aspects and methods and identifies classes of interactions that enable modular reasoning about the crosscut program. We argue that this system can help developers structure their understanding of aspect-oriented programs and promotes their ability to reason productively about the consequences of crosscutting a program with a given aspect.We have designed and implemented a program analysis system that automatically classifies interactions between aspects and methods and have applied this analysis to a set of benchmark programs. We found that our analysis is able to 1) identify interactions with desirable properties (such as lack of interference), 2) identify potentially problematic interactions (such as interference caused by the aspect and the method both writing the same field), and 3) direct the developer's attention to the causes of such interactions.
Viscous flows in two dimensions

This review is an expository treatment of the displacement of one fluid by another in a two-dimensional geometry (a Hele-Shaw cell). The Saffman-Taylor equations modeling this system are discussed. They are simulated by random-walk techniques and studied by methods from complex analysis. The stability of the generated patterns (fingers) is studied by a WKB approximation and by complex analytic techniques. The primary conclusions reached are that (a) the fingers are linearly stable even at the highest velocities, (b) they are nonlinearly unstable against noise or an external perturbation, the critical amplitude for the noise being an exponential function of a power of the velocity for high velocities, (c) such exponentials seem to dominate high-velocity behavior, as can be seen from a WKB analysis, and (d) the results of the Saffman-Taylor equations disagree with experiments, apparently because they leave out film-flow phenomena.
Microscopic calculation of the nonlinear current fluctuations of a metallic resistor: The problem of heating in perturbation theory

The effect of a constant electric field $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}$ on the low-temperature Johnson noise of a metallic resistor is calculated by nonequilibrium diagrammatic perturbation theory. The expansion, in powers of ${E}^{2}$, is shown to diverge, and the divergence is associated with accumulating Joule heat. An insight into how to treat a steady state properly when there is heating is provided by the Boltzmann equation. A vertex function that corresponds to a steady-state solution of this equation is identified. With this vertex function it is possible to evaluate not only one-particle operators, for which the Boltzmann equation is sufficient, but also troublesome contributions to the current fluctuations and other two-body observables for which a many-body approach is required. The calculated corrections to the current correlations agree qualitatively, but not quantitatively, with simple phenomenological agruments. In particular, it is not possible to describe the leading effects of the electric field solely in terms of a variable local temperature. The model calculation illustrates and sheds some light on several problems that only appear when nonlinear deviations from thermal equilibrium must be considered: the complicated effects to which heat generation leads, the identification and treatment of these effects in perturbation theory, and the difficulties these effects pose for hypothetical generalizations of the fluctuation dissipation theorem. Some possible connections between the calculation and $\frac{1}{f}$ noise are also briefly explored. In particular, recent experiments that may confirm the conclusion of this calculation, that systems in which there is only impurity scattering do not exhibit $\frac{1}{f}$ noise, are noted.
RESTORATION OF THE ABILITY OF RAT PITUITARY HOMOTRANSPLANTS TO SECRETE ACTH IF PLACED UNDER THE HYPOTHALAMIC MEDIAN EMINENCE.

Pituitary homotransplants under the median eminence were capable of inducing a normal adrenal secretion of corticosterone in response to traumatic stress in hypophysectomized rats. Misplacement of the transplants by as little as 1–2 mm or damage to the hypophysial stalk of the host greatly reduced the ability of otherwise viable and healthy transplants to stimulate adrenal secretion. (Endocrinology 74: 939, 1964)
Public religion and the quest for national ideology : Russia's media discourse

This close analysis of the printed media discourse in post-Communist Russia shows various ways of using religious cultural capital in reifying the Russian national identity. This blossoming public religion, contrasted with the generally low level of religiosity as reported by the surveys, became a new phenomenon comparable to similar patterns on an international scale. In the Russian case, the major themes of this public discourse are “spiritual entropy,”“symphony” of state-church relations, religious diversity (pluralism), and the search for a religiously legitimized “national idea.”
The Unhappy Marriage between Marxism and Race Critique: Political Economy and the Production of Racialized Knowledge

In educational policy theory orthodox Marxism is known for its commitment to objectivism or the science of history. Race analysis is developed in its ability to explain the subjective dimension of racial oppression. The two theories are often at odds with each other. This article is an attempt to create a theory by integrating Marxist objectivism and race theory's focus on subjectivity. As a result, both Marxism and race analysis are strengthened in a way that maintains the integrity of each discourse. This benefits educational policy theory because praxis is the dialectical attempt to synthesize the inner and external processes of schooling.
Self‐Objectification and Lower Income Pregnant Women's Breastfeeding Attitudes1

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine self-objectification as a correlate of pregnant women's concerns about public breastfeeding and the impact of breastfeeding on body shape and sexuality. Fifty-two pregnant women enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children Program responded to telephone questions regarding concerns about breastfeeding, attitudes toward breastfeeding, and self-objectification. Women who scored higher on measures of self-objectification reported more concern about the impact of breastfeeding on their bodies and sexuality and were less comfortable with the idea of breastfeeding in public than were women with lower self-objectification scores. Self-objectification was not associated with more negative attitudes toward breastfeeding or weaker intentions to breastfeed. Implications for the promotion of breastfeeding for low-income women are discussed.
Comparative accuracy of supine-only and combined supine-prone myocardial perfusion imaging in men

Combined supine-prone myocardial perfusion imaging (CSP MPI) has been shown to reduce attenuation artifact in comparison to supine-only (SU) MPI in mixed-gender populations with varying risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), often where patients served as their own controls. However, there is limited direct comparison of these imaging strategies in men. 934 male patients underwent CSP or SU MPI. Diagnostic certainty of interpretation was compared. Within the cohort, 116 were referred for left heart catheterization (LHC) to assess for CAD. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were compared with additional analysis based on body mass index (BMI). 597 patients completed the SU protocol and 337 patients completed the CSP protocol. Equivocal studies were seen more frequently in the SU group (13%) than in the CSP group (4%, P < .001). At catheterization, the specificity for CSP MPI of 70% was higher than 40% for SU MPI (P = .032). The CSP AUC (0.80 ± 0.06) was significantly larger than SU AUC (0.57 ± 0.05, P = .004). CSP specificity was significantly higher in obese patients. CSP MPI increases diagnostic certainty and improves test accuracy for CAD detection in men with CAD risk factors, especially obese patients, compared to SU MPI.
Marital status and incidence of ovarian cancer: the U.S. Third National Cancer Survey, 1969--71.

As determined in the U.S. Third National Cancer Survey, 1969--71, the incidence of ovarian cancer was 60-70% higher in women who had never married than in those who had. This relationship was present in both whites and blacks and in all age groups over 25 years. Among ovarian epithelial tumors, those for which the incidence rates between never-married and ever-married women differed most were endometrioid and clear cell tumors. The incidence of tumors of germ cell and sex cordmesenchyme origin, however, showed no relationship to marital status.
Fluorescent enzyme immunoassay for antibody to single- or double-stranded DNA

Fluorescent enzyme immunoassays have been developed for antibody to either single-stranded (ssDNA) or double-stranded (dsDNA) DNA. Preliminary testing of several clinically distinct groups of persons is consistent with the suggestion that the former assay (anti-ssDNA antibody) has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be used as a generalized test for the detection of possible systemic lupus erythematosus in a heterogeneous clinical population. Further evaluation may ultimately establish its utility in the diagnosis of other related disorders. The sensitivity and specificity of the anti-dsDNA antibody fluorescent enzyme immunoassay are compatible with its use as a confirmatory test in the laboratory diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Qualitative comparisons between both assays and the more classic laboratory procedures involved in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were quite favorable. The enzyme immunoassay method appears to be acceptably reproducible, and rheumatoid factor has neither a suppressive nor an enhancing effect on test values.
Spatial Dispersion of Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Iowa Cornfields

Selected central Iowa confields were sampled for corn rootworm larvae in 1978 and 1979, using core and cube sample units. Dispersion patterns were examined by field for each year with the variance-to-mean ratio. Spatial dispersion across fields was estimated from the 1979 sample counts by using s2/m and Taylor's power law. Most populations of corn rootworm larvae exhibited aggregated dispersion patterns. A discussion of possible reasons for aggregation is presented.
Aristotle and Utopia

The obvious influence of Plato on Utopia and the antagonism of some humanists toward the medieval scholastics and their belief in the primacy of Aristotle seem to have resulted in the impression that Thomas More agreed with this anti-Aristotelianism and that Aristotle had little influence on Utopia. As a result, this matter has never been considered in depth, and important points about both Thomas More and Utopia have been overlooked. That More was an eclectic thinker who was a serious student of classical philosophy and that Utopia is a fine example of this eclecticism have been ignored. And in connection with this, More's knowledge of Aristotle and this philosopher's influence on Utopia have been slighted. Historians of philosophy, for example, ordinarily limit their treatment of More to pointing out the similarities between Utopia and Plato's Republic.
Vortical forcing function variations with axial spacing and blade count

The aerodynamic forcing function experienced by a compressor rotor is investigated by a series of fundamental experiments in a high speed turbomachinery facility. Data is acquired and analyzed to determine the forcing function generated by an inlet guide vane (IGVs) row, in particular, the effect of variations in axial spacing and blade count is investigated. The research compressor facility is comprised of an IGV row upstream of a rotor/stator stage. A circumferential traverse assembly is inserted between the IGV and rotor/stator stage, thereby allowing measurements to be made across several IGV wakes. For an IGV relative Mach number of 0.53, measurements of the IGV wake velocity fields for three axial spacings with 24 and 40 IGV blades are made. After Fourier decomposition, a vortical gust analysis is implemented to determine the vortical wake gust forcing functions upstream of the rotor. Significant higher harmonic content is evident in the vortical gust forcing functions for both the 24 and 40 IGV cases with the high harmonics decaying at a uniform rate due to viscous diffusion, while the first harmonic remains relatively constant. Increasing the number of IGV blades increased the magnitude of the unsteady vortical forcing function by introducing more blade blockage. In addition, the decay rate of the higher vortical forcing function harmonics increased with increasing numbers of IGV blades.
Simulation and comparison of internal flow fields in solid rocket motors with submerged and nonsubmerged nozzle

Based on FLUENT flow field calculation software,internal flow fields of full-size motors with submerged nozzle and nonsubmerged nozzle were simulatively calculated and compared by using 2D axisymmetric model and quasi-steady method.The results show that the configuration of submerged nozzle can effectively reduce gas velocity near the aft-dome case,and has better heat security environment.Pressure,velocity and temperature distributions in the chamber of both motors are approximately same.Gas velocity in outlet of the nonsubmerged nozzle motor is higher than that of the submerged nozzle motor,but gas temperature and pressure are lower.
Sequence of drug administration in lithium augmentation: A case study

A 25-year-old man was hospitalized twice for melancholia. During the first hospitalization he had no response to a trial of desipramine but improved after the addition of lithium; during the second hospitalization he had no response to lithium but improved after the addition of desipramine. Concurrent administration of lithium and a tricyclic may be effective in some patients who respond to neither drug alone, but the sequence of drug administration may not be a critical factor.
Intratumor injection as a more effective means of porphyrin administration for photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) as the photosensitizer is a promising new cancer treatment. The major drawback of this procedure is the resulting skin photosensitivity. Patients must remain in subdued light for four to six weeks to avoid cutaneous phototoxicity. In this study, we examine the possibility of reducing the skin photosensitization while maintaining the tumor phototoxic effect by administering the drug directly into the tumor. A subcutaneously implanted mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) was used. HpD was administered either intraperitoneally (I.P.; 20 mg./kg. b.w.) or by intratumor injection (I.T.; 0.4 mg./cc tumor). The concentrations of HpD in tumor and various tissues (skin, muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder and whole blood) were analyzed at various times after the injection, by 3H-HpD method and by a fluorometric method. Results indicated that at three to 96 hours after the administration, porphyrin levels in tumor were about three to 15 times higher by I.T. than by I.P. injection, while the concentrations in skin and other tissues were 1.3 to 10 times lower. Consequently, at 24 hours after injection ratios between tumor to skin porphyrin were 14 to 92 times higher for I.T. than I.P. injection. Higher porphyrin levels in tumor and lower in normal tissues would indicate lower skin photosensitivity, systemic cytotoxicity and possible greater tumor photosensitivity. This method of porphyrin administration may be useful for the PDT of certain single lesions that are accessible for direct injection.
A two-dimensional analysis of the sensitivity of a pulse first break to wave speed contrast on a scale below the resolution length of ray tomography

Mapping the speed of mechanical waves traveling inside a medium is a topic of great interest across many fields from geoscience to medical diagnostics. Much work has been done to characterize the fidelity with which the geometrical features of the medium can be reconstructed and multiple resolution criteria have been proposed depending on the wave-matter interaction model used to decode the wave speed map from scattering measurements. However, these criteria do not define the accuracy with which the wave speed values can be reconstructed. Using two-dimensional simulations, it is shown that the first-arrival traveltime predicted by ray theory can be an accurate representation of the arrival of a pulse first break even in the presence of diffraction and other phenomena that are not accounted for by ray theory. As a result, ray-based tomographic inversions can yield accurate wave speed estimations also when the size of a sound speed anomaly is smaller than the resolution length of the inversion method provided that traveltimes are estimated from the signal first break. This increased sensitivity however renders the inversion more susceptible to noise since the amplitude of the signal around the first break is typically low especially when three-dimensional anomalies are considered.
Mutations in the insulin receptor gene in patients with genetic syndromes of insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of noninsulin-depedendent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (1, 2). Furthermore, in longitudinal studies, insulin resistance has been shown to be among the best predictors of future development of NIDDM (3,4). Therefore, we have focused upon genetic causes of insulin resistance in the hope that this will help us to identify genetic factors that predispose to the development of NIDDM. Because of the central role of the insulin receptor in mediating the first step in insulin action (5), we have begun by examining the insulin receptor gene in insulin resistant patients. We have selected patients who manifest an extreme degree of insulin resistance in the hope that the severe insulin resistance would be associated with major biochemical defects, thereby simplifying the task of identifying the molecular defect. In this review, we will summarize the mutations that have been identified in the insulin receptor genes of patients with extreme insulin resistance. Interestingly, multiple different types of mutations have been identified (5). In addition to elucidating the molecular genetics of human insulin resistance, these studies have begun to give new insights into structure-function relationships of the insulin receptor protein.
Coarse-to-fine malleable Pole/Residue Equivalent System Solver (COMPRESS)

Frequency-domain models are often need to be converted to macromodels by approximating them as rational functions. Pole/Residue Equivalent System Solver (PRESS) is a method for such fitting of frequency response as poles/residues. In this paper, a modified PRESS method using non-consecutive sample subset based local fitting is presented. The proposed method reduces the number of iterations required, consequently improving the model order. A test case of package — signal and power plane interconnects — is demonstrated. The results show that the proposed method generates compact macromodels.
Increasing and Maintaining Withdrawn Preschoolers' Peer Interactions: Effects of Double Prompting and Booster Session Procedures.

The combined effects of double-prompting and booster session procedures on the social behavior of four socially withdrawn preschool children were investigated. A multiple baseline design across sub...
Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Depression

The cognitive model of depression originated in a series of studies of clinical depression conducted by Beck in the late 1950s. Although these studies arose from the desire to secure empirical evidence in support of psychoanalytic theories of depression, the psychoanalytic model proved difficult to confirm empirically. Rather, the data suggested an alternate formulation, namely, that the depressed patient was characterized by a particular kind of thinking: he tended to regard himself as a “loser.” The dreams he reported, his early memories, his responses to projective tests, and the material he generated in a clinical setting all tended to reflect certain stereotyped themes: he saw himself as a person who was continually deprived, frustrated, and thwarted, whose prospects were dim, and who had little chance of improving them. Beck also observed that depressed patients made certain logical errors—among them overgeneralization, arbitrary inference, and selective abstraction. Beck concluded that the negative thinking typical of the depressed patient—his negative bias in interpreting events—might underlie his depressed moods. It followed that correcting this thinking might then improve the mood and other symptoms of depression (Beck, 1967/1972).
Beam transforming phase masks in PTR glass by using digital micromirror device (Conference Presentation)

Phase masks for mode conversion and other laser beam transformation are usually produced by surface profiling using spatially selective etching or deposition. Such fabrication techniques for making complex phase masks take significant time, effort, and expense. Surface damages and contaminations restrain the wide application of such phase elements as well. We propose an alternative, where volume phase masks were produced by spatially selective refractive index change in the bulk of plane-parallel plate of photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass. Those phase masks show high tolerance to harsh environments and high-power laser radiation. The approach uses a light amplitude modulating element called digital micromirror device (DMD) which has millions of micro-mirrors that tilt to ‘on’ or ‘off’ position based on the voltage applied to them. Selecting different time intervals for the mirrors to be ‘on’ or ‘off’, allows for grey level images to be generated and projected by the DMD device. Using a broadband UV light source, the desired amplitude image was projected onto a PTR glass plate for a designated period of time. The variable light amplitude exposure of the glass is converted to a refractive index change after thermal treatment step. The phase masks are recorded in the volume and are practically unsusceptible to surface damage, changes in the environment and other factors from which surface created phase masks suffer. The simplicity in fabricating grey level phase masks, the flexibility to computer design, and the robustness are the main advantages of the approach when compared to the standard phase mask fabricating techniques.
Prognostic Factors in the Era of Targeted Therapies in CLL

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is heterogeneous disease characterized by a variable clinical course that is greatly influenced by various patient and disease characteristics. Over the last two decades, advent of new diagnostic methodologies has led to the identification of several factors of prognostic and predictive relevance. Furthermore, recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques has identified recurrent novel mutations in NOTCH1, SF3B1, BIRC3, and ATM genes whose role as prognostic and predictive markers is currently being investigated. These biologic markers carry new prognostic information and their incorporation into prognostic scoring systems will likely lead to refined multi-parameter risk models. While the prognostic impact of many of the most commonly used markers on clinical outcomes in patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy is well documented, it is important to review their predictive and prognostic role in the era of novel targeted therapies. This article will discuss the currently available information on the clinical relevance of prognostic markers in patients treated with novel targeted therapies.
Predictors of Alcohol Withdrawal Readmissions.

Aims Hospital readmissions serve as a major benchmark for the quality of care and alcohol withdrawal (AW) may lead to multiple hospitalizations and readmissions. We sought to evaluate readmission rates and predictors of having AW-related readmissions in a nationally representative sample. Short summary In a nationally representative sample, AW readmission within 30 days and multiple readmissions during the year were high and were particularly predicted by discharge against medical advice (AMA), comorbid psychosis, comorbid depression, poor socioeconomic status, comorbid drug abuse and alcohol-related medical disease. Methods Subjects from the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) with AW as a primary or secondary diagnosis. Cross-sectional and retrospective analyses were performed using regression methods appropriate for the NRD complex sampling design. The outcome measures were AW-related readmission, 30-day readmission and multiple readmissions. Results In 2013, 393,118 discharges involved ICD-9 coding for AW and 41.5% of these included AW as the primary discharge diagnosis. The rate of AW-related readmission in 2013, as estimated from first-quarter index events, was 58.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.5-60.1), with an average of 1.8 readmissions (95% CI 1.7-1.9). The 30-day readmission rate, estimated from January-November index events, was 19.7% (95% CI 19.0-20.4). The strongest independent predictors of yearly, 30-day and multiple readmission were discharged AMA and comorbid psychotic disorder. Conclusion AW readmission within 30 days and multiple readmissions during the year were common and were particularly predicted by AMA discharge and comorbid psychotic disorder. While these and other factors can help identify high-risk patients, further study to determine causal mechanisms may aid efforts to improve both the outcomes and costs associated with acute AW treatment.
Positive semi-definite 2 × 2 block matrices and norm inequalities

Abstract Let M = [ A X X ⁎ B ] ∈ C 2 n × 2 n be positive semi-definite 2 × 2 block matrix, where A , B , X ∈ C n × n . A characterization for the matrix M with A + B = k I to be positive partial transpose is given in terms of its spectral norm. Using this result, a counter-example is constructed for the conjecture that ‖ M ‖ ≤ ‖ A + B ‖ when X is normal for all unitarily invariant norms.