cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the dispersibility of surfactant-treated titanium dioxide powders for compounding with polyethylene

A strategy involving the use of anionic surfactants to compatibilize titanium dioxide powders with nonpolar polymers has been applied to facilitate the dispersion of these powders into polymer composites. The methodology first involves the adsorption of surfactant onto the powder within aqueous dispersions. Surfactant-coated powders are then removed from the dispersion and dried. The cohesivity and some surface properties of the surfactant-coated powders were measured and compared to that of the uncoated powders. Dispersion experiments of titania agglomerates in polyethylene were performed in a rotating cone-and-plate device set within a temperature controlled oven. The titania agglomerates dispersed by an erosion mechanism in which small fragments detached from the surface of the parent agglomerate. The erosion rate was higher for the surfactant treated powders in comparison to uncoated powders. The links between the enhanced erosion rates and the surfactant coating were investigated in terms of the cohesivity of the powders, the penetration of the polymer into the agglomerates, and the interactions between the powders and the polymer media that govern wetting and the transmission of hydrodynamic stress.
TRAINING AND PRIVILEGING FOR NEW PROCEDURES

The privileging process is intended to ensure that patients receive skillful care by competent practitioners. Privileges are those clinical functions that a health care institution permits a physician to perform while caring for patients in that institution. The responsibility for the granting of clinical privileges currently belongs to each individual hospital's governing board, 12 although there has been some discussion about "portable privileges" that might be granted by national surgical organizations, such as the American College of Surgeons. 8 Hospitals must develop criteria and mechanisms for granting clinical privileges. For practical reasons, most adopt criteria published by specialty boards or specialty societies. The department or the hospital also should develop a privilege list of specific operative procedures within each specialty that should be re-evaluated and updated on a regular basis as new procedures are developed and as some existing procedures become obsolete.
Double supernumerary isodicentric chromosomes derived from 15 resulting in partial hexasomy.

We report two unrelated patients each with two supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) derived from chromosome 15, and thus resulting in partial hexasomy. Hexasomy in the one case (family 1) was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis and did not include the Prader-Willi/Angelman critical region (PWACR). The double SMCs were also found in the mother, the pregnancy continued to term, and an apparently phenotypically normal child was born. This represents the first report of transmission of double SMCs from mother to child. In the second case (family 2), the hexasomy did include the PWACR and was de novo in origin. This patient manifested severe psychomotor retardation, clefting of the soft palate, hypotonia, seizure-like episodes, and other phenotypic features. The aberrant phenotype is attributable to the hexasomy for the PWACR gene loci. The normal homologs of chromosome 15 proved to be biparental in origin while the two SMCs appeared maternal.
Modeling and estimation of leakage in sub-90 nm devices

CMOS technology has witnessed aggressive scaling over the last couple of decades. This has resulted in better performance, higher integration density and increased on-chip functionality. The threshold voltage has been aggressively scaled down, oxides have been drastically thinned and the MOS transistor channels have been suitable engineered to meet the high performance criteria. However, all these have resulted in an increase in transistor leakage and have posed serious bottlenecks to further 'scale' these super-scaled devices. This paper explores the various dominant leakage mechanisms in scaled devices and examines their trends with scaling. Leakage estimation in circuits has also been presented.
RRNA:mRNA pairing alters the length and the symmetry of mRNA-protected fragments in ribosome profiling experiments

Motivation: Ribosome profiling is a new technique that allows monitoring locations of translating ribosomes on mRNA at a whole transcriptome level. A recent ribosome profiling study demonstrated that internal Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequences have a major global effect on translation rates in bacteria: ribosomes pause at SD sites in mRNA. Therefore, it is important to understand how SD sites effect mRNA movement through the ribosome and generation of ribosome footprints. Results: Here, we provide evidence that in addition to pausing effect, internal SD sequences induce a caterpillar-like movement of mRNA through the ribosome cavity. Once an SD site binds to the ribosome, it remains attached to it while the ribosome decodes a few subsequent codons. This leads to asymmetric progressive elongation of ribosome footprints at the 3′-end. It is likely that internal SD sequences induce a pause not on a single, but on several adjacent codons. This finding is important for our understanding of mRNA movement through the ribosome and also should facilitate interpretation of ribosome profiling data. Contact: moc.liamg@nap.lavo.evarb
1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Modulation of Adipocyte Reactive Oxygen Species Production

SUN, XIAOCUN AND MICHAEL B. ZEMEL. 1,25Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 modulation of adipocyte reactive oxygen species production. Obesity. 2007;15:1944–1953. Objective: We have previously shown 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] to inhibit mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression in adipocytes and that in vivo suppression of calcitriol levels with calcium-rich diets increases UCP2 expression. Because UCP2 plays a significant role in the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we studied the effect of calcitriol on ROS production and ROS-induced adipocyte proliferation. Research Methods and Procedures: ROS production in human and murine adipocytes was stimulated by high glucose (30 mM) or H2O2 (100 nM). Results: Both approaches resulted in increased ROS production by 27% to 100% (p 0.05) and increased cell proliferation by 15% to 39% (p 0.03). These effects were augmented by the addition of mitochondrial uncoupling inhibitor guanosine 5-diphosphate (GDP; 100 M) or 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10 nM) and attenuated by UCP2 overexpression, suggesting that inhibition of mitochondrial uncoupling suppresses clearance of ROS and increases adipocyte proliferation. The addition of tocopherol (1 M) inhibited cell proliferation in adipocytes treated with either H 2 O 2 or high glucose, indicating that ROS plays a major role in the regulation of cell proliferation in adipocytes. Moreover, stimulation of ROS with high glucose and H2O2 resulted in a 2- to 5-fold increase in adipocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca 2 ]i; p 0.001), and calcium channel antagonism (nifedipine, 10 M) suppressed ROS induced calcium influx and cell proliferation, indicating that [Ca 2 ]i may also regulate ROS production and exert a mitogenic effect in adipocytes. Discussion: These data support a role of 1,25-(OH)2D3, UCP2, and [Ca 2 ]i in the regulation of adipocyte ROS production.
Injuries to high school football athletes in California.

BackgroundAmong all high school sports, football has the highest rate of injury. Prior research has been limited primarily because of challenges in surveillance, defining injuries, and measuring exposures.HypothesisFootball injury patterns differ across player and session characteristics.Study DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.MethodsMore than 5000 football players from 87 high schools in California were observed for 2 seasons (2001 and 2002). School representatives were trained to collect data on injuries, player characteristics, and daily exposures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and clustered Poisson regression.ResultsPlayers sustained 25.5 injuries per 100 players, 9.3 injuries per 10 000 player-hours, and 8.4 injuries per 100 session-hours. Session rates were highest during games, on artificial turf (13.8 of 100), during foggy weather (25.1 of 100), and on clear evenings (21 of 100). Offensive and defensive backfielders had about a 20% increased rate of injury compared with lineme...
Measuring progress towards the MDG for maternal health: Including a measure of the health system's capacity to treat obstetric complications

Objective This paper argues for an additional indicator for measuring progress of the Millennium Development Goal for maternal health—the availability of emergency obstetric care. Methods MDG monitoring will be based on two indicators: the maternal mortality ratio and the proportion of births attended by skilled personnel. Strengths and weaknesses of a third indicator are discussed Results The availability of EmOC measures the capacity of the health system to respond to direct obstetric complications. Benefits to using this additional indicator are its usefulness in determining an adequate distribution of services and showing management at all levels what life-saving interventions are not being provided, and stimulate thought as to why. It can reflect programmatic changes over a relatively short period of time and data requirements are not onerous. Conclusion A measure of strength of the health system is important since many interventions depend on the health system for their implementation.
Relationship of Q penalty to eye-closure penalty for NRZ and RZ signals with signal-dependent noise

The relationship between Q penalty (QP) and eye-closure penalty (ECP) is examined for distorted signals in the presence of signal-dependent noise. A simple model is developed to describe the behavior of return-to-zero (RZ) modulation formats and is compared with a model for nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) formats. The accuracy of the analysis is investigated with extensive simulations, and the numerical results from analysis and simulation are found to be in generally good agreement. Experimental measurements of distortion caused by uncompensated dispersion also show agreement with the simulation results and model predictions. The simplified models allow a means to budget QPs from distortion effects in a straightforward manner during network design for different modulation formats. The analysis predicts a smaller Q penalty as a function of ECP for RZ modulation formats in comparison with NRZ and smaller relative penalties for RZ formats with narrower pulsewidths.
Using data envelopment analysis and the analytical hierarchy process to find node influences in a social network

In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metrics, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning disrupting or deceiving a given network. All is fine when all the measures indicate the same node as the key or influential node. What happens when the measures indicate different key nodes? Our goal in this paper is to explore two methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a given network. We apply two procedures to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers’ inputs. We use data envelopment analysis as a method to optimize efficiency of the nodes over all criteria and use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as a process to consider both subjective and objectives inputs through pairwise comparison matrices. We illustrate our results using two common networks from...
Evaluation of "true" creatinine clearance in rats reveals extensive renal secretion.

The renal clearance of endogenous creatinine is widely used to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal function in animal investigations. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the extent of renal secretion of endogenous creatinine in rats and the effect of probenecid, the classical inhibitor of organic anion transport, on creatinine clearance. Ten female Lewis rats received 3H-inulin (5-µCi i.v. bolus followed by 5 µCi/hr) throughout a 6-hr period. Three hours after initiation of the inulin infusion, probenecid was administered (92.4-mg/kg i.v. bolus followed by 0.59 mg/min/kg). Steady-state serum concentrations of about 500 µg/ml probenecid were achieved. Renal clearance was assessed between 1 and 3 hr (control) and between 4 and 6 hr (probenecid treatment). A preliminary study in seven rats demonstrated no time-dependent change in inulin or creatinine clearance between these two study intervals. Creatinine clearances were determined by an alkaline picrate assay which incorporated Fuller's earth (Lloyd reagent) to remove interfering noncreatinine chromogens from serum samples and these values were compared with those using a nonspecific picrate assay. “True” clearance ratios of creatinine to inulin (CLcr/ CLin) were greater than unity (2.33 ± 0.83, mean ± SD) and were significantly decreased after probenecid treatment (1.26 ± 0.28, P < 0.01). Probenecid had no effect on GFR, as assessed by inulin clearance. Using the nonspecific picrate assay, CLcr/CLin was 1.12 ± 0.41, which was not significantly different from unity and which decreased to 0.53 ± 0.12 after probenecid treatment. Therefore, creatinine undergoes extensive renal secretion in female Lewis rats.
Structure of the subfornical organ: A review

In this review, the light microscopic and fine structural characteristics of neurons, axons, dendrites, glial cells, and capillaries and their topography within the subfornical organ are summarized, with an emphasis on recent findings. Structure-function relationships are discussed whenever possible and put into perspective in a concluding section.
Pathogenesis and significance of urogenital mycoplasmal infections.

Of the seven species of mycoplasmas isolated from the urogenital tract of humans, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are the ones found most commonly and are the only two known to cause disease (1–3). Mycoplasma genitalium is a newly identified species first isolated from males with urethritis (4–6). Serological studies of females with pelvic inflammatory disease (7) and experimental inoculation of primates (8–10) suggest that this organism may also be pathogenic for humans, although its prevalence is unknown.
Functionals on Stochastic Processes

Functions analyzed as points of abstarct spaces of functions appear in many branches of mathematics. Geometric intuitions about distance (or approximation, or convergence, or orthogonality, or any other ideas learned from the study of euclidean space) carry over to those abstract spaces, lending familiarity to operations carried out on the functions. We enjoy similar benefits in the study of stochastic processes if we analyze them as random elements of spaces of functions.
Child health 2000: new pediatrics in the changing environment of children's needs in the 21st century.

Pediatric practice in the next millennium will require greater knowledge of new morbidities, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and social and behavioral disorders, reemergent old disorders, such as tuberculosis, and disorders rarely seen of late in the United States but now being brought here by recent immigrants, such as malaria and other parasitic diseases. Diversity in ethnic and cultural backgrounds and beliefs will continue to increase, and it will need to be understood to prevent and treat diseases of children effectively. Although the current antagonism toward immigrants may lead to a decrease in this particular source of diversity, changes in family structure-such as divorce, gay and lesbian couples as parents, and corporate pressure on families-will continue, requiring pediatricians to understand and to accept this diversity if they are to be the health care providers of children. The increased isolation of individuals from society and separation from families of origin will require pediatricians to be more active in communities and schools and to participate with other disciplines and social support groups. At the same time, the advancement of science and technology will continue to drive what the pediatrician does. Increased survival of children who previously had fatal illnesses will mean more emphasis on care of children who have chronic illnesses. Pediatricians will need to be partners with others in the exciting new fields of risk assessment and prevention of psychosocial disorders.
Pulling at the threads of Westphalia: "Involuntary sovereignty waiver" - Revolutionary international legal theory or return to rule by the great powers?

This paper explores the nature of sovereignty, its 17th century fusion with the state as a new political entity, its evolution over time, and challenges to its systemic primacy in the 21st century by thinkers such as Dr. Richard Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, whose involuntary sovereignty waiver theory is deconstructed as a viable alternative to U.N. Security Council military intervention preventing human rights abuses, terrorism, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The article also explores Haass's recommendation that the world return to a Concert of Powers system modeled on that which developed from the 1815 Congress of Vienna, and evaluates use of the anticipatory self-defense doctrine as a method of executing involuntary sovereignty waiver theory. This paper also discusses the interplay between internationalist, realist, and neoconservative schools within the Bush foreign policy apparatus and evaluates the efficacy of Haass's theory being employed by each.
NASA Reshapes Libraries: The Space Program’s Impact on Academic Libraries, Special Libraries, and Archives

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has enriched many fields through its scientific discoveries and new technologies, but its impact on information science, though lesser known, may be among its most significant contributions. From the reconceptualization of librarians as information scientists by NASA leaders like Von Braun and Day to NASA’s massive program of knowledge dissemination, including breakthroughs in hardware and software, NASA’s informational initiatives helped to lay the foundation of modern information science. This report will describe these developments to give some perspective on what academic libraries, special libraries, and archives owe to NASA.
Stratix™ 10 High Performance Routable Clock Networks

We present the clock architecture of the Stratix?10 FPGA, which uses a routable clock network rather than the fixed clock networks of previous generations. We describe the flexibility provided by this routable clock network and how arbitrarily sized clock trees can be synthesized and placed anywhere on the FPGA. We show how this capability to generate customized clock trees can provide better performance through reduced clock loss while maintaining the ability to handle the large number of clock domains that modern systems require. We experimentally demonstrate how a routable clock tree reduces the clock loss of the user design implementation by up to 6% of clock insertion delay.
Characteristics and Stability of Neat and Blended Hydroprocessed Renewable Diesel

In this study, the physical properties and chemical composition of hydroprocessed renewable diesel derived from algae (HRD-76) were measured. Analysis of HRD-76 showed that the main components are C15–C18 n-alkanes and branched monomethyl hexadecanes and heptadecanes. Approximately 50% of HRD-76 is n- and iso-C17. Long-term (ASTM D4625) and accelerated (ASTM D5304) tests were conducted to investigate the storage stability of HRD-76, F-76, and their blends and the effects of long-term storage on the fuel properties. In addition, the ASTM D2274 method was used to test the oxidation stabilities of the neat and blended fuels. HRD-76 has better storage and oxidation stabilities than F-76, and the post-test changes in the fuel properties are influenced by the F-76 fraction in the fuel blend. Extended ASTM D2274 tests were also conducted to investigate the influence of long-term oxidation on the physicochemical properties of the fuel.
Studies of the Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetles

In experiments testing relative efficiency of copper sprays and dusts both with and without calcium arsenate, the dusted plats in general gave the greatest increase in yields. The addition of the poison substantially increased yields over plats treated with copper lime-mixtures only.
Prospects and Challenges of Particulate Solar Sail Propulsion

Traditional solar sail architectures involve large, thin, reflective membranes stretched across lightweight structural elements, a design that has many well-documented engineering challenges. This paper evaluates an alternative, “fractionated” solar sail in which the sail itself is composed of small discrete particles held in place by superconductive flux-pinning forces. This analysis investigates two candidate particulate solar sail architectures: a particle-cloud sail and an integrated payload sail. It emphasizes design aspects of the particles, the macroscopic structure, deployment methods, possible control mechanisms, and performance metrics. The sail loading factor for each design is found to be 50 g m -2 and 90 g m -2 for the particle cloud sail and integrated payload sail respectively. The examination concludes with a discussion of major challenges and potential applications for each design. Nomenclature a0� = characteristic acceleration A = total area of the sail light collection mp� = payload mass mS� = mass of the solar sail (sail structure and material) mT� = total mass of the solar sail and its payload P = solar-light pressure η = sail efficiency factor σ = sail loading σS = sail-assembly loading
Australian Nature, European Culture: Anglo Settlers in Australia

The story of whites and the natural environment of Australia is the tale of a European culture in a non-European land. Recent studiesGeoffrey Bolton's Spoils and Spoilers: Australians Make their Environment, 1788-1980, (1981), Derek Whitelock's Conquest to Conservation: History of Human Impact on the South Australian Environment (1985), and William J. Lines's Taming the Great South Land: A History of the Conquest of Nature in Australia (1991)-concentrate, as their titles and subtitles indicate, on one overwhelming fact of that history: the changes Europeans made in Australia.1 For Bolton the settlers made all: the built environment by construction, the natural one by destruction. Whitelock concentrates on human destruction and the more recent rescue of South Australia's natural environment. Lines is the bluntest. "The British Empire and Australia's tethers to the post-Enlightened industrial world-human constructions all-not nature, created modem Australia."2 This study takes another perspective. "Nature does not dictate, but physical nature does, at any given time, set limits on what is humanly possible. Humans may think what they want; they cannot always do what they want, and not all they do turns out
Radiolabeled Amino Acids for Tumor Imaging with PET: Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Amino-3-[18F]fluoro-2-methylpropanoic Acid and 3-[18F]Fluoro-2-methyl-2-(methylamino)propanoic Acid

Novel radiopharmaceuticals, including amino acids, that target neoplasms through their altered metabolic states have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Two fluorinated analogues of α-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-amino-3-fluoro-2-methylpropanoic acid (FAMP) and 3-fluoro-2-methyl-2-(methylamino)propanoic acid (N-MeFAMP), have been radiolabeled with fluorine-18, characterized in amino acid uptake assays, and evaluated in vivo in normal rats and a rodent tumor model. The key steps in the syntheses of both radiotracers involved the preparation of cyclic sulfamidate precursors. Radiosyntheses of both [18F]FAMP and [18F]N-MeFAMP via no-carrier-added nucleophilic substitution provided high yields (>78% decay-corrected) in high radiochemical purity (>99%). Amino acid transport assays using 9L gliosarcoma cells demonstrated that both compounds are substrates for the A type amino acid transport system, with [18F]N-MeFAMP showing higher specificity than [18F]FAMP for A type transport. Tissue dist...
A Fuzzy Logic-Based Controller for Helicopter Autorotation

Autorotation maneuvers are required to perform a safe landing in single-engine helicopters in cases of engine loss and transmission or tail rotor malfunction. The rise of autonomous helicopter technology, and the pilot skill required to manually perform an autorotation, motivate the need for new autonomous autorotation control laws. Previous approaches to automatic control for this maneuver have relied on control law optimization based on a high-fidelity model of the helicopter, or have attempted to match trajectories flown by an expert human pilot. In this paper, a new fuzzy logic-based controller is proposed which does not require a model of the helicopter or computationally expensive optimization. The multi-stage control law drives the helicopter to a near-optimal steady-state descent and safely flares the helicopter and lands it successfully under the vast majority of flight conditions. The control law is validated using a full 6-degree-of-freedom simulation of both a full-size attack helicopter and a small hobby-class helicopter. The proposed control design is highly flexible and may be used to perform fully autonomous autorotation or to provide guidance to pilots during manual autorotation maneuvers.
Development of Distribution Automation in China and Some Suggestions

The development of distribution automation(DA) in China is summarized including the information integration by the IEC 61968 based enterprise service bus(ESB);the well-developed and robust fault location,isolation and restoration program;wide application of the advanced communication technologies,such as Ethernet passive optical network(EPON),general packet radio service(GPRS),WiMax,etc;super-capacitor based back-up supplies for terminal units.The progress in the test of the distribution automation system(DAS) is described,which can evaluate the fault location,isolation and restoration property of a DAS by simulation of various fault scenarios.Three suggestions are given,namely,coordination between relay protection and DA,improvement of the capacity of distribution grids by DAS,and enhancement of the ability to handle the emergency situations by DAS.
Formulation study of oil-in-water crosslinked emulsion fracturing fluids

A crosslinked oil-in-water emulsion system has been developed as fracturing fluids for hydraulic fracturing treatment in lab. It is a dispersion system of two phases, which applied a good multi-functional emulsion agent into crosslinked HPG solution, using the emulsion technique of D phase (kerosene or derv). The viscosity is 446.9 mPa·s at 170 s -1 /80 ℃,and after 2 hours of continual shearing, the viscosity stays at above 100 mPa·s; Once the system is broken, the viscosity will drop to 2 mPa·s and the residue content of fracturing fluid is only 166 mg/L. These capabilities are beneficial to reduce the residue of fracturing fluids and eliminate damage to reservoir. Compared with other fracturing fluids, the system has better fluid loss control and effective flow back, and stronger proppant suspension and transportation, qualifying it suitable for fracturing job in normal or low permeability oil reservoir. Based on experiments of all factors affecting the system capability and their interplay, fracturing fluid formulations were established for wells of no more than 100 ℃.
The Influence of Wireless Self-Monitoring Program on the Relationship Between Patient Activation and Health Behaviors, Medication Adherence, and Blood Pressure Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Substudy of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Active engagement in the management of hypertension is important in improving self-management behaviors and clinical outcomes. Mobile phone technology using wireless monitoring tools are now widely available to help individuals monitor their blood pressure, but little is known about the conditions under which such technology can effect positive behavior changes or clinical outcomes. Objective: To study the influence of wireless self-monitoring program and patient activation measures on health behaviors, medication adherence, and blood pressure levels as well as control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods: We examined a subset of 95 hypertensive participants from a 6-month randomized controlled trial designed to determine the utility of a wireless self-monitoring program (n=52 monitoring program, n=43 control), which consisted of a blood pressure monitoring device connected with a mobile phone, reminders for self-monitoring, a Web-based disease management program, and a mobile app for monitoring and education, compared with the control group receiving a standard disease management program. Study participants provided measures of patient activation, health behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise, medication adherence, and blood pressure levels. We assessed the influence of wireless self-monitoring as a moderator of the relationship between patient activation and health behaviors, medication adherence, and control of blood pressure. Results: Improvements in patient activation were associated with improvements in cigarette smoking (beta=−0.46, P<.001) and blood pressure control (beta=0.04, P=.02). This relationship was further strengthened in reducing cigarettes (beta=−0.60, P<.001), alcohol drinking (beta=−0.26, P=.01), and systolic (beta=−0.27, P=.02) and diastolic blood pressure (beta=−0.34, P=.007) at 6 months among individuals participating in the wireless self-monitoring program. No differences were observed with respect to medication adherence. Conclusions: Participation in a wireless self-monitoring program provides individuals motivated to improve their health management with an added benefit above and beyond that of motivation alone. Hypertensive individuals eager to change health behaviors are excellent candidates for mobile health self-monitoring.. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01975428, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01975428 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6iSO5OgOG) [J Med Internet Res 2016;18(6):e116]
Taxonomic Redescription, Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis, and Life Cycle of Proterometra catenaria Smith, 1934 (Digenea: Azygiidae) from the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT: Morphology and molecular data (rDNA; internal transcribed spacer 2 [ITS2]) confirmed that Proterometra catenaria Smith, 1934, undergoes asexual reproduction in rasp elimia, Elimia floridensis, (Cerithioidea: Pleuroceridae) and that it sheds a furcocystocercous cercaria that matures in the epithelia of the buccal cavity, near the esophageal sphincter, of redspotted sunfish, Lepomis miniatus, (Perciformes: Centrarchidae) and longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, in Holmes Creek (Choctawhatchee River), Florida, U.S.A. Adults of P. catenaria differ from those of congeners by having an oral sucker ≥2.4× ventral sucker length, a pharynx ventral to the posterior musculature of the oral sucker, a short, robust (thick-walled) pars prostatica, an ovary abutting the ventral sucker, a uterus lacking convolutions between the ovary and ventral sucker and that extends beyond the lateral margins of the forebody ceca, and paired, pretesticular vitelline fields that rarely extend beyond the posterior margin of the...
From Conquest to Colonization

This first chapter examines how the demographic and strategic position of Indios Barbaros, immigrants, migrant Indians, and Mexicans north of the Rio Grande influenced the direction and ultimate implementation of immigration-cum-colonization policies after Mexican independence. Many intellectuals of the era argued that one of the primary reasons for dramatic U.S. economic growth and aggressive westward expansion was the arrival of European immigrants – a global phenomenon on which Mexico also sought to capitalize. But, unlike its neighbors, Mexico received few of these immigrants because of restrictive policies influenced by botched colonization schemes, lower wages, three Spanish expulsions, and religious intolerance against non-Catholics. Mexican colonization policy fluctuated between inclusion and exclusion, but ultimately these early trials and tribulations became the basis for a series of laws that would ultimately give preferential treatment to Mexicans willing to settle and colonize the frontiers of the Republic. These conclusions contradict a view in the immigration and colonization historiography that suggests these policies were implemented solely to “whiten” the populations like those in the United States, Argentina, or Brazil. Aside from emerging in a period that witnessed the movement of millions of people across the globe, Mexico’s immigration policies emerged in large part as a way to incorporate the majority of the indigenous populace into the larger “Mexican family,” but also as a way to “Mexicanize” communities outside of state control like those residing on the frontiers of Tejas, Alta California, and Nuevo Mexico. The botched colonization project of Stephen F. Austin in Texas in the early 1820s – a project that set in motion the confrontation between Mexico and the United States in 1846 – forever altered not only the politics of colonization in Mexico, but the very way in which Mexican national identity was imagined. Populations along the newly independent nation’s frontiers, many of whom had been neglected for generations under the Spanish Empire, were now being courted to thwart European and Euro American immigrants making their way toward Texas and the frontiers of the two republics.
Source and Message Framing Considerations for Recruiting Mature Adults as Organ Donors Through Direct Mail Campaigns.

Context:Mature adults represent an important audience segment for organ donation practitioners. Despite their potential impact as organ donors, compared to other age demographics, their registratio...
Tuberculose na grávida: um relato de caso

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with a declining prevalence in Portugal, with more cases reported in urban centres. Most cases are diagnosed by passive screening but there are reports of increasing delay between the onset of the symptoms and diagnosis. Although this disease is rare in pregnant women, early diagnosis is important, because of the risk of vertical transmission to the fetus. Case Description: We present the case of a 32 year-old woman who began follow-up of her pregnancy with her family doctor at eight weeks gestation. Her partner was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis during the 26th week of gestation. She was referred for contact screening which was negative. Two weeks later she presented with fever and thoracic pain with a tubercular pleural effusion. She started tuberculostatic therapy. Delivery was at 39 weeks without complications. The infant received immediate chemoprophylaxis that was stopped after confirming the absence of disease. The mother was followed by a pneumologist with good clinical and laboratory resolution, and was discharged from care without active disease. Comments: This case report demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis of tuberculosis in pregnancy. The first contact with the patient may occur in primary care.
Abstract P2-04-19: Elucidating the tumor immune microenvironment phenotype in early stage untreated BRCA mutated breast cancer patients

Background: Increased stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are predictive and prognostic for improved outcomes from neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. Increased tumor mutational burden may promote neoantigens causing immune system upregulation. Microsatellite instability in gastrointestinal cancer predicts for response to checkpoint inhibition and is associated with inherited cancer predisposition. The immune system response in BRCA mutated breast cancer has not been described. The purpose of this study is to assess tumor infiltrating immune cells in early stage breast cancer patients with and without BRCA gene mutations. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 124 early stage breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations (n=62, BRCA+) and without BRCA mutations (n=62, BRCA WT). The %TILs was measured manually by HE p=0.7) groups. Median %TILs in the HR+/BRCA+ (12.5, range 0-50) and HR-/BRCA+ (15, range 5-70) cohorts were not statistically different when compared to HR+/BRCA WT (10, range 5-15; p=0.4) and HR-/BRCA WT (30, range 20-60; p=0.2) cohorts, respectively. There were 2 patients with lymphocyte predominant breast cancer (n=1, HR-/BRCA+; n=1, HR-/BRCA WT). Conclusions: This is the first study to characterize TILs and a tumor immune microenvironment phenotype in early stage breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations. These results suggest harboring a BRCA mutation is not associated with increased TILs in early stage untreated breast cancer patients. This conclusion stayed true regardless of hormone receptor status. However, a trend of decreased TILs was seen in HR-/BRCA+ patients when compared to those with HR-/BRCA WT disease. Moreover, the median and range of TILs were higher in the HR+/BRCA+ group compared to the HR+/BRCA WT group. This suggests increased TILs may exist in some HR+ patients with a BRCA mutation. Further investigation of TILs and immune profiling of early stage untreated breast cancer patients with and without BRCA mutations is warranted. Citation Format: Force J, Abbott S, Broadwater G, Kimmick G, Westbrook K, Hwang S, Kauff N, Stashko I, Weinhold K, Nair S, Hyslop T, Blackwell K, Castellar E, Marcom PK. Elucidating the tumor immune microenvironment phenotype in early stage untreated BRCA mutated breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-04-19.
For John Dewey (and very much also for contemporary critical theory)

Robert Lake’s paper is a passionate and eloquent plea for John Dewey’s “creative democracy.” As someone who thinks and writes a lot about democracy, I was entirely won over.My own work has cobbled ...
Strategy Execution as Interaction; The Dynamics between Gap Reduction and Organizational Approach

Organizations have for long used strategy as a springboard for organizational actualization of intent and aspirations. While the body of knowledge around strategy formulation is well evolved, highl...
An Evolving Story of Translational Research: A Decade after the Jacobson Promising Investigator Award.

THE THIRD JOAN L AND JULIUS H JACOBSON PROMISING INVESTIGATOR AWARDEE, MARK PUDER, MD, PHD, FACS: In 2005, the Surgical Research Committee (SRC) of the American College of Surgeons was tasked with selecting the recipient of a newly established award, "The Joan L and Julius H Jacobson Promising Investigator Award." According to the Jacobsons, the award, funded by Dr Jacobson, should be given at least once every 2 years to a surgeon investigator at "the tipping point," who can demonstrate that his or her research shows the promise of leading to a significant contribution to the practice of surgery and patient safety. Every year, the SRC receives many excellent nominations and has the difficult task of selecting 1 awardee. The first awardee was Michael Longaker, MD, FACS, who, 10 years later, reflected on the award and the impact it had on his career.1 This year, Mark Puder, MD, PhD FACS, the third Jacobson awardee, reflects on his 10-year journey after receiving the award. Dr Puder is now a national and international figure in the field of intestinal failure-associated liver disease and has studied the effect of intravenous lipid emulsions on the etiology and treatment of a once fatal disease in children. Kamal MF Itani, MD, FACS and Brian S Zuckerbraun, MD, FACS, on behalf of the Research Committee of the American College of Surgeons.
Medieval Organicism or Modern Feminist Science? Bombadil, Elves, and Mother Nature

In her introduction to Tolkien the Medievalist, Jane Chance explains that Tolkien “responded to his modern contexts by retelling his medieval sources and adapting his medieval scholarship to his own voice. Tolkien was, over time, influenced by his own personal medievalism.” Indeed, a leisurely perusal of Tolkien scholarship in general (e.g., as cataloged by West and Johnson, and recounted in Jane Chance’s edited volumes) leaves no doubt as to the indelible mark Tolkien’s training, teaching, and scholarship in medieval literature, language, culture, and mythology left on his subcreation.It is also well-known among Tolkien scholars that Tolkien utilized a tremendous amount of the scientific understanding of his day in fleshing out the details of the cosmology, geology, paleontology, botany, and other aspects of Middle-earth. It is therefore clear that Tolkien was not anti-science; he did, however, make a clear distinction between science and pseudoscience, e.g., between astronomy and astrology, and was a vehement critic of the misuse and overuse of technology that he saw as the corrupt legacy of the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions.
Motivating CSR: A Comparison of How Carrots Versus Sticks Trigger Managerial Action

Stakeholders interested in stimulating socially responsible behaviors have two distinct and contrary choices: deploy reward- or punishment-based strategies. This paper uses an all-pay contest to te...
Cancer prognosis in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and patients with clinical and laboratory biomarkers predictive of VTE risk

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-documented complication of cancer and its treatment. While VTE contributes significant morbidity and some thrombotic mortality to cancer patients, a growing body of clinical and experimental data supports the finding that VTE is an important prognostic marker for cancer progression and mortality. This would suggest that hemostatic activation is an expression of an aggressive tumor phenotype. A number of clinical and laboratory biomarkers have been shown to be predictive of an increased risk of cancer-associated VTE. In addition, it is now becoming apparent that these same biomarkers are also predictive of cancer mortality. The application of this information to reduce cancer-associated VTE and improve cancer survival await the results of ongoing prophylaxis antithrombotic studies.
The experiential problem for petitionary prayer

Sometimes people petition God for things through prayer. This is puzzling, because if God always does what is best, it is not clear how these prayers can make a difference to what God does. Difference-Making accounts of petitionary prayer attempt to explain how these prayers can nonetheless influence what God does. I argue that, insofar as one is motivated to endorse a Difference-Making Account because they want to respect widespread intuitions about this feature of petitionary prayer, they should also be motivated to endorse an account of prayer that respects widespread intuitions about other central features of petitionary prayer. I describe three problematic cases and the intuitions we have about them, and show how these intuitions restrict any Difference-Making account of petitionary prayer.
The Unequal Spatial Distribution of City Government Fines: The Case of Parking Tickets in Los Angeles:

This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attenti...
A Bootstrap Method for Training an Accurate Audio Segmenter.

Supervised learning can be used to create good systems for note segmentation in audio data. However, this requires a large set of labeled training examples, and handlabeling is quite difficult and time consuming. A bootstrap approach is introduced in which audio alignment techniques are first used to find the correspondence between a symbolic music representation (such as MIDI data) and an acoustic recording. This alignment provides an initial estimate of note boundaries which can be used to train a segmenter. Once trained, the segmenter can be used to refine the initial set of note boundaries and training can be repeated. This iterative training process eliminates the need for hand-segmented audio. Tests show that this training method can improve a segmenter initially trained on synthetic data.
Structural Attributes Associated with the Prevalence of Hate Groups: A State-Level Analysis

Structural Attributes Associated with the Prevalence of Hate Groups: A State-Level Analysis by Paula Jean Kutneski Dr. Jane Florence Gauthier, Thesis Committee Chair Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice University of Nevada, Las Vegas With the number of hate groups increasing 54 percent since 2000, it is important to understand what is triggering these groups to form in geographical areas. The current study examined whether structural characteristics predicted the number of hate groups within a state. Using hate group listings from the Southern Poverty Law Center's Intelligence Report and U. S. Census data from 2000, this study explored a state's racial and ethnic heterogeneity, economic disadvantage, and regional location to explain hate group existence within that state. Employing correlations, Chi-Square analyses, multiple and logistic regressions, and a conjunctive analysis, this study found that a state's diversity does not predict the number of hate groups. Economic disadvantage moderately predicts the existence of hate groups, while a state's regional location strongly predicted the number of hate groups within that state. The conjunctive analysis, however, showed that these effects are highly contextual. Limitations and recommendations are discussed.