cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Large Assembly with Small Pins Concept for High-Power-Density BWRs

The large assembly with small pins (LASP) concept is an evolutionary boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly design aimed at increasing the power density of BWR cores while keeping the same power-to-flow ratio, core inlet conditions, and fuel-to-moderator ratio. It is based on replacing four traditional assemblies and their large interassembly water gap regions with a single large assembly surrounded by a narrower gap region. The traditional BWR cylindrical UO 2 -fueled Zr-clad fuel pin design is retained, but the pins are arranged on a 22 X 22 square lattice. Twenty-five water rods within the assembly maintain the moderating power and accommodate as many finger-type control rods. The technical characteristics of LASP were evaluated and are systematically compared with a traditional 9 X 9 fuel assembly. This design study includes analyses of the steady-state thermal hydraulics, two-dimensional and three-dimensional burnup-dependent neutronics, flow-induced vibrations, and fuel pin thermomechanical behavior. Furthermore, the conceptual mechanical design of the LASP assembly is discussed. The analyses show that LASP can operate at a power density that is 20% higher than the traditional BWR assemblies while maintaining the same safety margin.
Todd Kontje, Private Lives in the Public Sphere: The German Bildungsroman as Metafiction: University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State UP, 1992. Pp. 165.

(1994). Todd Kontje, Private Lives in the Public Sphere: The German Bildungsroman as Metafiction. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 141-141.
Functional activation independently contributes to naming ability and relates to lesion site in post-stroke aphasia

Language network reorganization in aphasia may depend on the degree of damage in critical language areas, making it difficult to determine how reorganization impacts performance. Prior studies on remapping of function in aphasia have not accounted for the location of the lesion relative to critical language areas. They rectified this problem by using a multimodal approach, combining multivariate lesion-symptom mapping and fMRI in chronic aphasia to understand the independent contributions to naming performance of the lesion and the activity in both hemispheres. Activity was examined during two stages of naming: covert retrieval, and overt articulation. Regions of interest were drawn based on over- and under-activation, and in areas where activity had a bivariate relationship with naming. Regressions then tested whether activation of these regions predicted naming ability, while controlling for lesion size and damage in critical left hemisphere naming areas, as determined by lesion-symptom mapping. Engagement of the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and disengagement of the left dorsal pars opercularis (dPOp) during overt naming was associated with better than predicted naming performance. Lesions in the left STS prevented right STS engagement and resulted in persistent left dPOp activation. In summary, changes in activity during overt articulation independently relate to naming outcomes, controlling for stroke severity. Successful remapping relates to network disruptions that depend on the location of the lesion in the left hemisphere. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2051-2066, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Living the Dream of ADR: Reflections on Four Decades of the Quiet Revolution in Dispute Resolution (Symposium Keynote)

This article, an expanded version of a symposium keynote address, examines the dramatic national and worldwide impact of the revolution in dispute resolution that was heralded by the 1976 Pound Conference. Professor Stipanowich explores (1) related changes in the justice system and legal practice; (2) the divergence in dispute resolution practice within and outside the U.S.; (3) the "gravitational pull" exerted by the legal profession on mediation and other processes; (4) concerns over racial, ethnic and gender diversity in dispute resolution; (5) the challenges of tailoring dispute resolution processes to specific needs; (6) the problems of effectuating meaningful choices regarding arbitration; (7) the unrealized potential of contract-based relational dispute resolution; (8) the impact of different cultures and legal systems on the evolution of mediation; (9) the challenges and opportunities associated with information technology; and (10) the delicate balance between flexibility and autonomy on the one hand, and fairness and transparency on the other. These reflections are punctuated by relevant personal examples and conclude with abiding key questions.
ANISOTROPIC CREEP BEHAVIOR OF TEXTURED Ti AND Zr ALLOYS

ABSTRACT Biaxial creep behaviors of thin-walled tubing of recrystallized Ti3Al2.5V and Zircaloy-4 were investigated using internal pressurization superimposed with axial load. The creep anisotropy was characterized by the modified Hill's equation using the stress-state dependence of the strain-rate ratio. Creep anisotropies were also investigated from the creep loci at constant rates of energy dissipation. The shape of the locus for the Ti alloy was different from that of the Zircaloy while the loci for both the materials deviated from isotropy. The crystallographic textures were determined using x-ray diffraction via inverse and direct pole figures from which the c rystallite o rientation d istribution f unctions [CODF] were evaluated. Crystal slip plasticity was used in conjunction with the CODF to predict the anisotropic creep behaviors of these materials and basal, prism and pyramidal slip systems were considered. While excellent agreement was noted between the experimental locus and the prism slip prediction for Zircaloy tubing, Ti alloy exhibited large deviations which are believed to be due to twinning and second phase contributions.
Angiopoietins and Tie2 in vascular inflammation.

Purpose of reviewAs a subset of the organism-wide reaction to severe infection, the host vascular response has received increasing attention in recent years. The transformation that small blood vessels undergo to facilitate the clearance of pathogens may become harmful to the host if it occurs too b
Individual host taxa may resist the climate-mediated trend in herbivory: Cenozoic herbivory patterns in western North American oaks

Abstract The interactions between plant-eating insects and their hosts are hypothesized to shift dramatically as global temperatures increase. Examination of modern and fossil leaves has led to predictions of increased herbivory in a warmer world. However, climate induced changes in insect feeding may differ between individual host plants and their broader plant community. To examine how climate affects herbivory in a single, ecologically widespread host taxon, we studied insect feeding damage on the fossilized leaves of oaks ( Quercus ), which are host to a diverse group of herbivores and have been broadly distributed in temperate Northern Hemisphere floras throughout the Cenozoic. We examined oak leaves with ages that range from Eocene to Pliocene (38 to 5 Ma) with a range of mean annual temperatures (6.5–17.6 °C) and 3-month average precipitation levels (9.8–78.2 cm) to test whether insect damage on oaks is more intense in floras that grew under warmer and wetter conditions. Examination of leaves from thirteen floras from the western United States shows that neither mean annual temperature nor average precipitation was a significant determinant of overall insect damage. However, herbivory made by endophagous insects (gallers and leaf miners) was more prevalent in dry conditions. Temperature also was a significant determinant of gall and leaf mine damage; warmer floras tended to have more galls and fewer leaf mines. In addition, gallers and leaf miners show a high degree of host-fidelity through time. This pattern of host-fidelity suggests that feeding of endophagous insect herbivores is more climatically sensitive than that of more generalized, exophagous herbivores, and that future climatic change may not affect all host-herbivore systems, nor all herbivores within a single host system, in the same ways. Therefore, an increase in outbreaks of specialized insects on their hosts may be more likely than broadly increased herbivory as global temperatures increase.
Single pulse imaging

A novel radar receiver processing technique is presented which utilizes the Doppler phase shift resulting from high-speed targets to produce a range/Doppler image from the return signal of a single radar pulse. Denoted as Single Pulse Imaging (SPI), this technique utilizes the general framework of the Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm and applies it to monostatic radar in which Doppler-shifted realizations of the transmitted waveform are treated as different waveforms that have illuminated different range profiles thereby resulting in the superposition of different signals at the receiver. The joint separation and pulse compression of the set of received signals produces a range/Doppler image whereby, given sufficient disparity in radial velocity (and thus sufficient Doppler phase-shift diversity), individual scatterers within the same range cell can be discerned.
Perylene Diimide Bearing Different Trialkyl Silyl Ethers: Impact of Asymmetric Functionalization on Self-Assembly into Nanostructures

For over a decade, a great amount of research effort has focused on controlling the size and shape of organic small molecule crystals, as these parameters impact physical and optoelectronic properties. A thorough understanding of how functionalization impacts assembly as well as guiding principles to control aggregation and self-assembly are vital to producing novel organic nanostructures for electronic applications such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, we study the influence of unsymmetrical functionalization of perylene diimide (PDI) on self-assembly. The guiding hypothesis of this work is that the identity of the pendant functionalities will impact the size, aspect ratio, and surface properties of the resulting assemblies. Twelve asymmetrically functionalized PDI molecules are reported, in which the length of the alkyl substituents at the imide position is varied, and include alcohol and silylated alcohol functionalities at the end of the alky chain. Morphologies of these self-assembled structu...
Measuring Mutual Awareness for Digital Human-Machine Interfaces: A Questionnaire for Simulator Studies

As technology shifts from analog to digital in the nuclear power plant (NPP) main control room (MCR), it is important to look into the concept of mutual awareness. As control rooms use teams consisting of at least two reactor operators (ROs) and one senior reactor operator (SRO) to monitor and operate the plant, they depend on efficient teamwork in this collaborative environment. To successfully perform interdependent tasks, achieve their shared goals and high levels of coordination, each crew member has to maintain mutual awareness between each other. Collaboration is more efficient and effective when a high level of mutual awareness is maintained. Being able to evaluate and measure mutual awareness will provide us with the construct for assessing the presence and changes in mutual awareness during the technology shift in NPP MCR. This paper investigates the opportunities to develop a mutual awareness survey based on the mutual awareness model.
Overcoming Technical Challenges: Reoperative Surgery

With a growing population of patients with previous abdominal surgery and an ever-increasing number of surgeons comfortable with complex laparoscopic cases, the use of minimally invasive techniques for reoperative colorectal cases is becoming a more common yet still difficult surgical challenge. Distorted anatomy, adhesions, and the need for prolonged adhesiolysis are the key differences between reoperative and more typical laparoscopic cases. Achieving the benefits of laparoscopic surgery without increased rates of organ injury and other complications is possible for surgeons with advanced laparoscopic skills; however, extreme care must be taken during patient selection, surgical planning, abdominal entry, and adhesiolysis.
Organizing a New Group

He was 6 years old, timid and shy, but a very cooperative little boy who had been retained because of his inability to memorize weekly word lists. The mother said, “I do not understand why he’s having so much trouble; his sister did fine.” Two weeks into the Reading Orienteering Club program, the little boy went home reading a vowel clustered story, incorporating eight new words. The little boy was so excited that he insisted on reading the story twice to his dad before going to bed. The dad remarked, “It’s about time he decided to learn to read. I knew he could if he would just try.”
A Design for a Collaborative Make-the-Flag Exercise

Many people know how to compromise existing systems, and capture-the-flag contests are increasing this number. There is a dearth of people who know how to design and build secure systems. A collaborative contest to build secure systems to meet specific goals—a “make-the-flag” exercise—could encourage more people to participate in cybersecurity exercises, and learn how to design and build secure systems. This paper presents a generic design for such an exercise. It explores the goals, organization, constraints, and rules. It also discusses preparations and how to run the exercise and evaluate the results. Several variations are also presented.
Evaluation of a toxoid fusion protein vaccine produced in plants to protect poultry against necrotic enteritis.

Background Necrotic enteritis (NE) is caused by type A strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens. Total global economic losses to the poultry industry due to NE is estimated to be over two billion dollars annually. Traditionally, NE has been effectively controlled by inclusion of antibiotics in the diet of poultry. However, recent concerns regarding the impact of this practice on increasing antibiotic resistance in human pathogens have led us to consider alternative approaches, such as vaccination, for controlling this disease. NE strains of C. perfringens produce two major toxins, a-toxin and NetB. Immune responses against either toxin can provide partial protection against NE. Methods We have developed a fusion protein combining a non-toxic carboxyl-terminal domain of a-toxin (PlcC) and an attenuated, mutant form of NetB (NetB-W262A) for use as a vaccine antigen to immunize poultry against NE. We utilized a DNA sequence that was codon-optimized for Nicotiana benthamiana to enable high levels of expression. The 6-His tagged PlcC-NetB fusion protein was synthesized in N. benthamiana using a geminiviral replicon transient expression system, purified by metal affinity chromatography, and used to immunize broiler birds. Results Immunized birds produced a strong serum IgY response against both the plant produced PlcC-NetB protein and against bacterially produced His-PlcC and His-NetB. Immunized birds were significantly protected against a subsequent in-feed challenge with virulent C. perfringens when treated with the fusion protein. These results indicate that a plant-produced PlcC-NetB toxoid is a promising vaccine candidate for controlling NE in poultry.
Expression of protease nexin-II in human dorsal root ganglia

Protease nexin-II (PN-II) is a potent chymotrypsin inhibitor that forms SDS-stable inhibitory complexes with epidermal growth factor binding protein, the γ-subunit of nerve growth factor, and trypsin, and represents the secreted form of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) that contains the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domain. To determine the expression of PN-II within the peripheral nervous system, human dorsal root ganglia were processed for immunocytochemistry using well-characterized monoclonal antibodies against PN-II and forin situ hybridization studies using35S-RNA PN-II probes for both APP751 and APP770. Highly specific immunoperoxidase staining of PN-II was demonstrated within the cytoplasm of dorsal root ganglia neurons and their processes in cryostat (fresh frozen) and vibratome (paraformaldehyde-fixed) sections.In situ hybridization using an anti-sense35S-RNA PN-II probe demonstrated the presence of intense neuronal labeling. Labeling was not observed when the corresponding sense35S-RNA PN-II probe was used. Although the precise functional role of PN-II/APP is not clear, the accumulation of amyloid β-protein within the neuropil appears to be one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus knowledge of the cell populations expressing the PN-II/APP gene would certainly be helpful for studies of the molecular mechanisms leading to the morphological and functional changes of AD. The results of this study clearly establish the expression of PN-II and its mRNA within the dorsal root ganglia neurons and their processes, and provide another point of departure for studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the deposition of amyloid β-protein and its relationships to the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in HIV

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition that occurs more frequently in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is no clear relationship with CD4 counts or HIV viral load, and the mechanisms that lead to PAH in this population are not well defined. A high index of suspicion is essential and should prompt referral to a specialized center for further evaluation and management. There are notable drug-drug interactions between certain antiretroviral therapies and medications like sildenafil and bosentan. Despite the absence of carefully controlled trials of PAH in the HIV population, the approach to management mirrors the therapeutic strategy for patients with other causes of group 1 PAH. It prioritizes the early and aggressive implementation of PAH-specific therapies, often with combinations from different classes, similar to the current treatment paradigm for HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy.
Imaging of buried targets using UAV-based, ground penetrating, synthetic aperture radar

This paper investigates the possible configurations of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system installed on a small UAV platform and used for buried target imaging. After discussing the advantages of this type of platform as compared to existing designs, we proceed to analyzing the imaging performance of the proposed system. This is done first by simulating the point spread function of the system, then by using realistic radar models involving a buried antitank landmine. The study has the following objectives: finding the best sensing geometry for this type of targets; optimizing the frequency band, polarization, and synthetic aperture length, position and sampling rate for best imaging performance; and developing SAR image formation algorithms for this GPR system. Both 2-D and 3-D GPR imaging systems are considered in this work, emphasizing the advantages of certain sensing modalities over the others. Image attributes such as resolution, grating lobes, signal strength, ground bounce separation and surface clutter sensitivity are used in the performance comparison.
Monitoring of Immunologic Therapies

Biologic therapies have gained considerable acceptance in recent years. A broad array of biologic agents have become available for the treatment of inheritable or acquired immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, cancer, or persistent infections. Biologic therapies can be categorized as follows: (i) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), (ii) cytokines, (iii) growth factors, (iv) activated cells, (v) cellular products, (vi) immunotoxins, and (vii) other immunomodulatory agents. Ex vivo preclinical studies of the new agent with human mononuclear cells (MNC) are often helpful in providing a rationale for targeting therapy to a particular subset of these cells or for focusing mechanistic studies on a particular cell population. The rationale for monitoring immunologic parameters in clinical trials with biologic agents is based on the premise that these agents achieve therapeutic effects as a result of their ability to modify one or more components of the patient’s immune system. In clinical trials with cytokines, it is important to measure the pharmacokinetics of the cytokine used for therapy as well as the levels of secondary cytokines in serum, which might be responsible for toxicity of the therapy. Monitoring of immune functions generally requires considerable cell numbers, fairly large volumes of blood or other body fluids, and facilities to process these samples for cell recovery. Cryopreservation may introduce artifacts, even when a rate-controlled drop in temperature is implemented. A vast array of labeled MAbs suitable for multicolor and multiparameter flow analyses are commercially available, allowing the measurement of the proportions of various immune cell subsets.
Ross and Watie: The Relationship and Influence of Cherokee Chiefs, from Removal to the Civil War

John Ross and Stand Watie were chiefs and leaders of the Cherokee people through a large part of the nineteenth century. Politically they differed in thought and action. Even though they maintained different political understanding, they both believed in the unity of the Cherokee Nation. Through their lives, their differences shaped each other and their nation. Their actions had major influences on one another. What started as a political divide became a personal grudge over decades. The decisions they made for themselves and the Cherokee people had great effect on each other. Their political movements were not only based on the Cherokee people, but on how the other would react. This relationship began in the early 19th century and went through the Civil War. They were a part of treaties, assassinations, peace, and war. They influenced and changed their nation, and influenced and changed each other.
PROBLEMATICAL DEPOSITS AT TIKAL, GUATEMALA: CONTENT, CONTEXT, AND INTENT

In the Mesoamerican archaeological literature, collections of material regarded as somehow anomalous according to the archaeologist's expectations are often referred to as problematical deposits (PDs). Their problematical aspect originates in the researcher's current state of knowledge of the particular site, not in past behavior. PDs are site-specific, provisional classifications, and need further study to determine the function or intent of the activity that created them. A sample of 223 features designated as PDs by the University of Pennsylvania Museum's Tikal Project is examined here in an approach to understand their intent. A typology of the sample, based upon content, date, and variables of recovery context, indicates three principal intents broadly summarized as ritual, political, and site maintenance, and a category of PDs without intent. The study of PDs demands a wide-ranging approach. It provides an opportunity to reevaluate inadequate ideas and gain new insights into past cultural behavior.
Timely Management of Obstructive Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis

Abstract Obstructive bioprosthetic valve thrombosis is associated with hemodynamic compromise, and evidence on management with fibrinolysis is limited. Echocardiography is required to assess thrombus size and its effects on valve gradients, area, and leaflet motion. This case demonstrates use of echocardiography guided slow-infusion low-dose fibrinolytic therapy in a patient with obstructive bioprosthetic valve thrombosis. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
Understanding the Extremely Poor Lattice Thermal Transport in Chalcogenide Perovskite BaZrS3

Combining first-principles calculations with the solution to the Boltzmann transport equations, we examine the lattice thermal transport for the orthorhombic perovskite BaZrS3 through analyses of p...
A Case of Heart Failure in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present with multiple cardiovascular pathologies, including pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, and pr...
Rare Case of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma in a Male

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) in the male breast is a rare subtype of a rare disease in men, accounting for approximately 1%-2% of all male breast cancers [1,2]. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The pathophysiology is uncommon due to a paucity of lobular development seen in men. We present a rare case of ILC in the male breast, highlighting imaging, pathology findings, and clinical management.
Modeling Client Churn for Small Business-to-Business Firms

With the widespread adoption of customer relationship management (CRM) systems such as Salesforce, HubSpot and Oracle, businesses are becoming increasingly aware of their customer churn rates. Churn rates describe how many customers stop using a product or service within a certain time period and provide a sense of the businesses’ long-term viability. Business-to-Business (B2B) firms place high value on the ability to predict individual customer churn, as it presents an opportunity to retain key clients in an inherently limited customer portfolio. These predictions must be both actionable and timely if a manager hopes to retain their client, since a client’s churn decision occurs months before the observed churn event. This study explores the HubSpot data of a B2B organization. The objective is to determine the client characteristics that predict sustained product usage and to analyze the indicators of potential churn. Our approach was to model the predictive features of client churn, which would allow managers to directly map churn probability to business strategies. Our final models flagged a handful of management-adjustable features that were significant for predicting customer churn and survival times.
25.3 GOPS Autonomous Landing Guidance Assistant System Using Systolic Fuzzy Logic System for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Vehicles Using FPGA

The importance of the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been increased significantly nowadays due to the increasing demands on affording novel urban transportation system solutions that could leverage the transportation utilization ratio specially in congested urban cities. However, the viability of deploying Urban Air Mobility (UAM) solutions in our daily life depends on many critical safety factors. One of the most pivotal key players in the UAM safety aspect is their capability for accurately landing on narrow and unplanned urban lading spots. Subsequently, processing the elevation sensory data by depending on a single array-based sensor unit has many drawbacks in case of sudden electronically failure or spontaneous obstacle shadowing effects. In this paper, we proposed a multicore systolic real-time processing unit that is capable to increase the automation requirement levels for future UAMs through adopting parallel and complex sensory fusion computer architectures for increasing the accuracy of UAM during the landing process. The novel Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) processing unit is interactively dealing with Multiple Sensor Nodes (MSN) that are both frequency spectrum and spatially separated on the bottom side of an UAM. The proposed idea is surpassing the conventional single sensor-array based-solutions for UAM landing process in terms of improving the accuracy and safety concerns. The proposed systolic FLS architecture in this paper has been designed and tested using MATLAB and VHDL to be interfaced with five Lidar Sensors and five ultrasonic sensors using the Intel Altera OpenVINO FPGA board. The proposed systolic FLS processing unit achieved a processing computational speed of about 25.3 Giga Operations per Seconds (GOPS) and only 178.12 mW as core dynamic thermal power dissipation.
Optimized Management of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Response-Based Phase II Study (OMNIVORE)

PURPOSEIn this phase II response-adaptive trial, we investigated the rational application of immune checkpoint blockade in renal cell carcinoma (RCC; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03203473).MET...
The logic of parliamentary action: Brexit, Early Day Motions, and bolstering the personal vote

More than 300 Members of Parliament (MPs) found themselves in an awkward position after the vote on Britain’s membership in the EU: They had taken a public stance on Brexit in opposition to their constituents. We investigate whether MPs attempted to bolster their personal vote in response and if this provided electoral protection. Using Early Day Motions (EDMs), we find that MPs supporting Leave in Remain constituencies sponsored more EDMs after Brexit but were also more likely to lose re-election in 2017. Remain supporting MPs in Leave constituencies switched their position on Brexit when voting to trigger Article 50, but did not sponsor more EDMs post-Brexit and did not lose disproportionately compared to Brexit-aligned MPs. We conclude by considering whether the value of the personal vote and incumbency may have declined as affective polarization (Mason, 2018) among the British electorate may be on the rise during the era of Brexit.
Assessing locoregional treatment response to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: comparison of hepatobiliary contrast agents to extracellular contrast agents

Cross-sectional imaging with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to assess tumor response to locoregional therapy (LRT). Current response assessment algorithms, such as the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response algorithm (TRA), allow assessment using conventional gadolinium-based extracellular contrast agents (ECA) for accurate tumor response assessment following LRT. MRI with hepatobiliary agents (HBA) allows an acquisition of hepatobiliary phase (HBP), which is proven to increase sensitivity for detection of observations in at-risk patients, particularly for findings < 2 cm. The use of HBA is not yet incorporated into the TRA; however, it is increasingly used in clinical practice. Few published studies have evaluated the performance of LI-RADS TRA by applying ancillary features related to HBP that has resulted in category adjustment, enabling more sensitive and unequivocal diagnosis. This may help timely management of viable cases, without a significant loss of specificity in comparison with the ECA-based LI-RADS TRA assessment. In this review, we will describe and compare the imaging appearance of treated HCC on MRI using extracellular and hepatobiliary contrast agents and discuss emerging evidence and pitfalls in the assessment of tumor response following LRT with HBA.
Representation of Near-Wall Particle Fate in a Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach for Clarifier Unit Operations

AbstractEulerian–Lagrangian methods are common for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of particle fate. Near-wall turbulence flow profiles are frequently modeled with wall function (WF) fo...
Denoising of hyperpolarized 13 C MR images of the human brain using patch-based higher-order singular value decomposition.

Purpose To improve hyperpolarized 13 C (HP-13 C) MRI by image denoising with a new approach, patch-based higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). Methods The benefit of using a patch-based HOSVD method to denoise dynamic HP-13 C MR imaging data was investigated. Image quality and the accuracy of quantitative analyses following denoising were evaluated first using simulated data of [1-13 C]pyruvate and its metabolic product, [1-13 C]lactate, and compared the results to a global HOSVD method. The patch-based HOSVD method was then applied to healthy volunteer HP [1-13 C]pyruvate EPI studies. Voxel-wise kinetic modeling was performed on both non-denoised and denoised data to compare the number of voxels quantifiable based on SNR criteria and fitting error. Results Simulation results demonstrated an 8-fold increase in the calculated SNR of [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate with the patch-based HOSVD denoising. The voxel-wise quantification of kPL (pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate) showed a 9-fold decrease in standard errors for the fitted kPL after denoising. The patch-based denoising performed superior to the global denoising in recovering kPL information. In volunteer data sets, [1-13 C]lactate and [13 C]bicarbonate signals became distinguishable from noise across captured time points with over a 5-fold apparent SNR gain. This resulted in >3-fold increase in the number of voxels quantifiable for mapping kPB (pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate) and whole brain coverage for mapping kPL . Conclusions Sensitivity enhancement provided by this denoising significantly improved quantification of metabolite dynamics and could benefit future studies by improving image quality, enabling higher spatial resolution, and facilitating the extraction of metabolic information for clinical research.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Ocular Surface Pathology and Treatment Practices: a Review.

Purpose of Review: The ocular surface is a potential site of ocular involvement by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed a review of the literature to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease manifestations on the ocular surface as well as to elucidate emerging treatment patterns and practice changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent Findings: The ocular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are likely limited to a mild and transient conjunctivitis. Other manifestations have not been validated in larger cohorts. Ocular surface tissue should be considered potentially infectious due to the presence of host receptors on surface tissues. The availability of donor tissue in lower-middle income countries has been greatly impacted by the pandemic and would benefit from further investigation into transmissibility through donor tissue. Summary: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the ocular surface has yet to be confirmed. The most common ocular manifestation is a mild conjunctivitis. Ocular surface surgeons face specific challenges in the use of donor tissues and aerosolizing procedures and have adapted practice patterns accordingly.
Features and Forms of Belief

In this chapter features and forms of belief encompassed by the general concept of belief are brought forward. Features of commonplace examples of secular belief are examined, as is a multiplicity of the forms belief can take. Belief often takes a standard and familiar form, but there are also, for instance, half-beliefs and unconscious beliefs. This chapter partially prepares the groundwork for the book’s succeeding chapters that treat forms of religious belief. Also attention is given to Wilfred Cantwell Smith’s thesis that the meaning of “believe” has changed since the medieval period.
Mars Aerial Regional-Scale Environmental Survey (Ares) Coordinate Systems Definitions and Transformations

The Aerial Regional-Scale Environmental Survey (ARES) is a Mars exploration mission concept with the goal of taking scientific measurements of the atmosphere, surface, and subsurface of Mars by using an airplane as the payload platform. ARES team first conducted a Phase-A study for a 2007 launch opportunity, which was completed in May 2003. Following this study, significant efforts were undertaken to reduce the risk of the atmospheric flight system, under the NASA Langley Planetary Airplane Risk Reduction Project. The concept was then proposed to the Mars Scout program in 2006 for a 2011 launch opportunity. This paper summarizes the design and development of the ARES airplane propulsion subsystem beginning with the inception of the ARES project in 2002 through the submittal of the Mars Scout proposal in July 2006.
Two Meanings of Meditation

One can mediate their life by exerting volition in the moment, with the effect of intervening between the fixed past and actuating one of myriad unfixed futures; it certainly behooves one to meditate upon the choice one makes. Practical meditations are also independent of the issue of free will, in which they are nonetheless theoretically grounded. Accepting the acausal freedom and causal efficacy of the will — as a practical working assumption — also entails the further difficulty of distinguishing between willing and wishing. The former denotes what one can attain or persist in striving to attain; the latter denotes fantasizing over the unattainable. The empirical effects of harboring a given set of beliefs, inculcated by and through one's meditations (and manifested as one's philosophy), and the empirical differences between different belief systems (and manifested as one's sociopolitical ethos) vary drastically as a function of those beliefs. Philosophers are by nature disputatious beings, capable of disagreeing on almost any point, however, large or small. The human brain is an organ of staggering complexity, an explanation of whose precise functioning, particularly in relation to conscious mentation itself, has thus far eluded even those who mentate most effectively about it.
δ-Aminovaleramidase of Pseudomonas putida

Abstract δ-Aminovaleramide amidohydrolase (δ-aminovaleramidase) has been purified 400-fold from the soluble fraction of cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas putida P2 grown on l-lysine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The purified enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of amides four to six carbon atoms in length which bear an ω-amino group. Gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation suggest a molecular weight of about 67,000. Optimum activity occurs at pH 7.5 to 8.5, and photoinactivation data implicate involvement of an essential histidyl residue.
Development of IFE target systems on the NIF

The Target Systems session of the Workshop on NIF Experiments for IFE developed a list of critical issues for inertial fusion energy (IFE) target systems, and considered the potential of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to help in the resolution of these issues and in the development of IFE target systems. This paper describes the IFE Target System issues, categorized into target fabrication issues and target transport issues, describes potential NIF IFE target systems experiments, considers the impact of these experiments on the NIF and discusses the development required before these experiments could be done. Most target systems issues must be resolved by development in the laboratory, not in the NIF, and some must be resolved before the NIF can be successful. However, experiments done in the NIF could play a valuable role in developing target systems for IFE. These experiments should have modest impact on the basic design of the NIF, but could require several hundred dedicated, high yield shots.
Before the Gaze Ineffable

Drawing from the work of Emmanuel Levinas, Luce Irigaray, and Jean-Luc Marion, this article offers a performative interpretation of the Song of Songs, particularly the wasf sections of the Song. The wasf is an ancient style of poetry whereby each part of a lover's body is described and praised in turn—often using exotic, extravagant, or even far-fetched metaphors. In my postmodern hermeneutic, I situate myself between the lover and her beloved in order to ignite the philosophical sensibilities inherent before the gaze ineffable.
Conditions for production of 3-ketomaltose from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Up to 39% yields of 3-ketomaltose were achieved in 18 to 22 hr when Agrobacterium tumefaciens NRRL B-36 was cultured at 25 to 28 C in a simple medium containing 4.0 to 8.0% maltose, 0.09% urea, 0.5% CaCO3, 0.6% KH2PO4, and 0.025% MgSO4·7H2O. For maximum production of 3-ketomaltose the culture had to be maintained approximately at pH 7.0.
Effects of Surotomycin on Clostridium difficile Viability and Toxin Production In Vitro

The increasing incidence and severity of infection by Clostridium difficile have stimulated attempts to develop new antimicrobial therapies. We report here the relative abilities of two antibiotics (metronidazole and vancomycin) in current use for treating C. difficile infection and of a third antimicrobial, surotomycin, to kill C. difficile cells at various stages of development and to inhibit the production of the toxin proteins that are the major virulence factors. The results indicate that none of the drugs affects the viability of spores at 8× MIC or 80× MIC and that all of the drugs kill exponential-phase cells when provided at 8× MIC. In contrast, none of the drugs killed stationary-phase cells or inhibited toxin production when provided at 8× MIC and neither vancomycin nor metronidazole killed stationary-phase cells when provided at 80× MIC. Surotomycin, on the other hand, did kill stationary-phase cells when provided at 80× MIC but did so without inducing lysis.
CHILD: A First Step Towards Continual Learning

Continual learning is the constant development of increasingly complex behaviors; the process of building more complicated skills on top of those already developed. A continual-learning agent should therefore learn incrementally and hierarchically. This paper describes CHILD, an agent capable of Continual, Hierarchical, Incremental Learning and Development. CHILD can quickly solve complicated non-Markovian reinforcement-learning tasks and can then transfer its skills to similar but even more complicated tasks, learning these faster still.
Superconducting cavities for the APT accelerator

The design of an Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) facility being investigated at Los Alamos includes a linear accelerator using superconducting RF-cavities for the acceleration of a high-current cw proton beam. For electron accelerators with particles moving at the speed of light (/spl beta//spl ap/1.0), resonators with a rounded shape, consisting of ellipsoidal and cylindrical sections, are well established. They are referred to as "elliptical" cavities. For the APT-design, this shape has been adapted for much slower proton beams with /spl beta/ ranging from 0.60 to 0.94. This is a new energy range, in which resonators of an elliptical type have never been used before. Simulations with the well-proven electromagnetic modeling tools MAFIA and SUPERFISH were performed. The structures have been optimized for their RF and mechanical properties as well as for beam dynamics requirements. The TRAK.RF simulation code is used to investigate potential multipacting in these structures. All the simulations will be put to a final test in experiments performed on single cell cavities that have started in our structures laboratory.
IS THE APPROXIMATION RULE IN THE CHILD'S BEST INTERESTS? A Critique from the Perspective of Attachment Theory

In an effort to develop clear and uniform standards for the allocation of custodial responsibility, the American Law Institute has proposed a number of reforms. For example, under the approximation rule, the proportion of time parents spent with their children performing direct caregiving functions prior to the divorce would be reflected in the proportion of custodial time allotted to each parent after divorce. Much of the rationale used to justify the approximation rule is explicitly or implicitly based on attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980). This article discusses the assumptions and implications of the approximation rule from the standpoint of attachment theory. Last year, the American Law Institute (ALI) released its 1,200-page Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution (hereinafter referred to as Principles ), in which a number of reforms for family and divorce courts were proposed . Although recent years have seen some meeting of the minds between mental health professionals and legal professionals on the topic of divorce and custody arrangements, the ALI proposals make little reference to, and at times contradict, the accumulated social science evidence (Braver, 2003). For example, in an effort to replace the "best interests of the child" standard and develop clear and uniform standards for the allocation of custodial responsibility, the ALI proposed the approximation rule, which suggests that physical custody arrangements should be based on the time each parent devoted to caretaking prior to separation. Much of the rationale put forth to justify the approximation rule is explicitly or implicitly based on the concept of parent-child attachment originated by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1980). Kelly and Ward (2002) recently reviewed the attachment literature and concluded that attachment theory was consistent with and seemed to support the approximation rule based on three key areas of conformity: (a) recognition of the importance of caregiving, (b) the ability to form attachments to multiple caregivers, and (c) consistency of attachment relationships. By comparison, the present discussion critiques the approximation rule based on inconsistencies between what the current state of the attachment literature and research can tell us, and the stated justifications for the approximation rule that are grounded in the attachment theory. Although the approximation rule may hold some advantages over current standards, this review argues that it is based on erroneous assump- tions that are not supported by the developmental literature. The following review of attach- ment literature expands upon the earlier overview (Kelly & Ward, 2002) and concentrates on the qualitative differences in behavior and outcome associated with secure attachment
The Blacklisting Memory Scheduler: Achieving high performance and fairness at low cost

In a multicore system, applications running on different cores interfere at main memory. This inter-application interference degrades overall system performance and unfairly slows down applications. Prior works have developed application-aware memory request schedulers to tackle this problem. State-of-the-art application-aware memory request schedulers prioritize memory requests of applications that are vulnerable to interference, by ranking individual applications based on their memory access characteristics and enforcing a total rank order.
Somatopsychics and Attribution

Physical states can influence attributional process and, reciprocally, attributional inference affects health relevant outcomes. Indeed appraisal of illness or health itself depends, to a great extent, on perceptual, causal inferences. The paper describes the way this attribution process works in affecting health-relevant states and behavior, and indicates possible sources of attributional bias or error that could have significant consequences for evaluating one's physical state and its impact on other behaviors.