cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-disclosure and relational uncertainty as mediators of family communication patterns and relational outcomes in sibling relationships

ABSTRACTThis study tested the degree to which self-disclosure and relational uncertainty sequentially mediate the associations among family communication patterns (FCP) (i.e., conversation and conformity orientations) and relational outcomes (closeness and satisfaction) in the sibling relationship. Participants included 329 emerging adults who completed online questionnaires. Three distinct indirect effects emerged for conversation orientation on both relational outcomes through self-disclosure, relational uncertainty, and disclosure to uncertainty paths, respectively. Likewise, conformity orientation produced indirect effects on both outcomes through self-disclosure and disclosure to uncertainty, as well as a direct, negative effect on sibling satisfaction. Collectively, the results support FCP theory and extend an understanding of how family communication environments enhance (or inhibit) emerging adults’ sibling relationships.
Fusion of Mg 24 + Mg 24

Total fusion cross sections for $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$+$^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ have been measured in the energy range from $24.7\ensuremath{\le}{E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\le}66.2$ MeV by the detection of evaporation residues, either directly in a $\ensuremath{\Delta}E\ensuremath{-}E$ telescope, or by measurement of prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray activity. The excitation functions for the individual reaction channels, and the total fusion cross section show relatively smooth behavior with no evidence for oscillatory structure of magnitude greater than 5%. The parameters obtained by fitting the data with a $\frac{1}{{E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}}$ energy dependence are somewhat different from those expected from the systematics of fusion reactions in the high-energy region.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$+$^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=24.7\ensuremath{-}66.2$ MeV measured. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{fusion}}$.
Dynamic Optimization of a Hybrid Gait Neuroprosthesis to Improve Efficiency and Walking Duration: A Simulation Study

The walking duration of gait restoration systems that use functional electrical stimulation (FES) is severely limited by the rapid onset of muscle fatigue. Alternatively, fully actuated orthoses can also be employed to restore walking in paraplegia. However, due to the high power consumption of electric motors the walking duration of such devices are limited by the charge of the batteries. This paper proposes that a hybrid system, which uses FES and an actuated orthosis, is capable of achieving greater walking durations than an FES only system and more energetically efficient than a lower-limb exoskeleton. This is illustrated through results of optimizations of a musculoskeletal gait model for three actuation cases: FES only, electric motors only, and a hybrid system. The presented results illustrate that a hybrid system may be capable of greater walking durations than FES-based systems while using half the energy of a lower-limb exoskeleton.
The language of parole: sex offenders’ discourse strategy use in Indeterminate Sentence Review Board hearings

Discourse analysis of 19 video-recorded Indeterminate Sentence Review Board hearings in the State of Washington Department of Corrections revealed that sex offenders used 45 distinct linguistic strategies. We found that discourse strategy use among offenders who were subsequently paroled differed from those offenders who were subsequently not paroled. Offenders who were subsequently paroled used apology, withholding information, and topic management strategies; in contrast, offenders who were not subsequently paroled used minimization, denial, rejecting the Parole Board’s concern, courtesies, repair, self-repair and other repair, and use of “I mean” as turn-grabbing and forewarning strategies.
A Double-Edged Sword: How and Why Resetting Performance Metrics Affects Future Performance

In organizations, metrics that track individuals’ performance are often reset to zero at the start of a new performance period (e.g., a new month for salespeople, a new season for sports players). ...
Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics

Future sustainability of freshwater resources is seriously threatened due to the presence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, and yet, the number, extent, and distribution of most cyanobacterial toxins—including “emerging” toxins and other bioactive compounds—are poorly understood. We measured 15 cyanobacterial compounds—including four microcystins (MC), saxitoxin (SXT), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), anatoxin-a (ATX) and homo-anatoxin-a (hATX), two anabaenopeptins (Apt), three cyanopeptolins (Cpt), microginin (Mgn), and nodularin (NOD)—in six freshwater lakes that regularly experience noxious cHABs. MC, a human liver toxin, was present in all six lakes and was detected in 80% of all samples. Similarly, Apt, Cpt, and Mgn were detected in all lakes in roughly 86%, 50%, and 35% of all samples, respectively. Despite being a notable brackish water toxin, NOD was detected in the two shallowest lakes—Wingra (4.3 m) and Koshkonong (2.1 m). All compounds were highly variable temporally, and spatially. Metabolite profiles were significantly different between lakes suggesting lake characteristics influenced the cyanobacterial community and/or metabolite production. Understanding how cyanobacterial toxins are distributed across eutrophic lakes may shed light onto the ecological function of these metabolites, provide valuable information for their remediation and removal, and aid in the protection of public health.
Review: Interventions improve hospital antibiotic prescribing and reduce hospital stay but do not affect mortality

Source Citation Davey P, Marwick CA, Scott CL, et al. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD003543. 28178770
Metastatic Breast Carcinoma to the Superior Oblique in a Male.

We describe a case of breast cancer metastatic to the superior oblique, in a male. The patient was a 66-year-old Caucasian male with a history of stage IIIB rectal adenocarcinoma and stage IIA left breast carcinoma diagnosed 12 years and 5 years prior, respectively, who presented with headaches and intermittent diplopia. He underwent left total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy 6 years prior, which showed ER/PR+, HER2/neu−, moderately-differentiated, infiltrating ductal carcinoma with 3/14 positive nodes. He completed adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide and oral tamoxifen, and prior routine surveillance imaging had found no evidence of recurrent disease. MRI of the orbit revealed a 0.7 × 1.4 × 1.9 cm mass in the superomedial right orbit in the region of the superior oblique. Transcaruncular orbitotomy with biopsy of the superior oblique revealed metastatic breast carcinoma. Unfortunately, he developed new metastases. Post-operatively, he continues to have good vision with minimal diplopia.
Development of Cancer Vaccine and Targeted Immune Checkpoint Therapies

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancer types, and current therapeutic strategies are often unsatisfactory. Therefore, novel approaches are necessary to fight against this challenging disease. Great progress has been made recently in cancer immunotherapy, which is revolutionizing our clinical approaches to cancer treatment. However, few single immunotherapeutic approaches are successful in treating pancreatic cancer. In pancreatic cancer, the unique immunosuppressive microenvironment with massive stromal cells, poses great challenges. Novel or combinatory therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment have shown some promising results in clinical trials, with the aim to disarm this resistance, reverse the tumor microenvironment, and to promote immune effector cell infiltration. This review covers current major advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy, and also discusses the immunotherapeutic strategies used in current trials and those under development for pancreatic cancer.
Batch annealing of CdMnTe wafers for nuclear detector applications

Post-growth annealing is used to eliminate performance-limiting Te inclusions and related defects from cadmium manganese telluride (CdMnTe) wafers for nuclear detector applications. These defects could cause problems in applications that require large-volume detectors, where they trap charges that are generated by nuclear radiation. The trapping of charges degrades the charge transport properties and reduce their carrier lifetime, thereby limiting the overall performance for the detector. We have carried out batch annealing of three CdMnTe wafers in different ampoules at the same temperature of 720 °C using a three-zone furnace. The experiment compared annealing in tellurium (Te) vapor, cadmium (Cd) vapor, and a mixture of cadmium and tellurium (Cd-Te) vapors. For the samples annealed in Te and Cd-Te vapors, it appears that Te deposited on their surfaces. This limited the imaging of the inside of the wafer since Te is opaque to infrared light. The infrared imaging of the matrix of the wafer annealed in Cd showed that the sizes of tellurium inclusions were reduced.
Urogynecologic Care of the Transgender Patient

This paper aims to review the current data that exist on the urogynecologic needs of the transgender patient and to relay important clinical pearls that may be useful to assist providers in caring for this patient population. In one study, 7.5% of transgender women who had undergone vaginoplasty surgery had a stage 2 or greater prolapse; 3.8% required surgery to repair their prolapse; 47% reported voiding dysfunction; 25 and 17% reported urinary urgency and urge incontinence, respectively; and 23% had stress incontinence. In a large cohort of patients who had undergone vaginoplasty, the overall incidence of rectoneovaginal fistula was 1.2% (95% CI 0.6, 2.1) and revision surgery was more likely to be associated with the development of a fistula. The complications most associated with phalloplasty procedures performed in female-to-male patients are urethrocutaneous fistulae (22 to 75%) and urethral stricturing (25 to 58%). Data on pelvic floor disorders as they relate to transgender patients is sparse; however, as we begin to see more and more of these patients in academic centers, their medical needs are being studied and the literature on this patient population is slowly becoming more robust.
MicroRNA-21 Contributes to Reduced Microvascular Function in Binge Drinking Young Adults.

Background Binge drinking is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. MicroRNA-21 (miR21) is up-regulated in the setting of excessive alcohol consumption and CV disease. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the vasodilatory responses to flow and acetylcholine (ACh) in the absence and presence of an anti-miR21 inhibitor in the microcirculation of young adult repeated binge drinkers (BDs). Methods Gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from young adults (18 to 30 years, n = 35 vessels from BDs and n = 28 vessels from abstainers). Resistance arteries (RAs) were isolated, incubated with anti-miR21 or a negative control (NC) to miR21 (12 hours; 50 nM), and lumen diameters measured with video microscopy. miR21 of adipose tissues was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Flow-induced dilation and ACh-induced dilation (AChID) were reduced in BDs as compared to abstainers. The miR21 inhibitor but not the NC abrogated these effects in BDs, but did not affect vasodilation in abstainers. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition with L-NAME reduced vasodilation in abstainers but not in BDs. In BDs, vasodilation was reduced by L-NAME in the presence of anti-miR21 but not the NC. Scavenging the reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide with polyethylene glycol catalase reduced dilation in BDs but did not affect the restored dilation by the miR21 inhibitor. Maximum dilation to papaverine (endothelium independent) was similar between groups and unaffected by pharmacological inhibition. Finally, vascular endogenous miR21 was increased in BDs compared to abstainers. Conclusions Endogenous miR21 is increased in RAs of young BDs, leading to reduced flow and AChID in the microcirculation.
Anatomic parameters of the sacral lamina for osteosynthesis in transverse sacral fractures

To analyze the morphometric parameters of the dorsal sacral lamina and pedicles to determine if there is adequate bony architecture to support plate osteosynthesis. Two reviewers performed measurements on 98 randomly selected high-resolution CT scans of the pelvis to quantify the bony anatomy of the sacral lamina. Measurements included the depths of the lamina at each sacral level, the trajectory and depth of the sacral pedicles from the sacral lamina, and the width of the sacral canal. A bone mineral density analysis was performed on the sacral lamina using Hounsfield units (HU) and compared to the L1 and S1 vertebral bodies. The sacral lamina were found to form peaks and troughs which we refered to as major and minor sections. On average, the thickness was > 4 mm at all major screw starting points, indicating adequate geometry for screw fixation. The sacral pedicle depths were 27, 18, 16, and 14 mm at S2–S5, respectively. The average angulation from midline of this screw path directed laterally to avoid the sacral canal was 20°, 17°, 8°, and − 8° for the S2–5 pedicles, respectively. Average sacral canal diameter was 11 mm for S2 and 8 mm for S3–5. The sacral lamina had an average bone mineral density of 635 HU, which was significantly different from the density of the L5 (220 HU) and S1 (165 HU) vertebral bodies (p < 0.005). This morphometric data was used to pilot a new plating technique. The sacral lamina offers a novel target for screw fixation and meets the basic geometric and compositional criteria for screw purchase. To our knowledge, this study represents the first morphometric analysis performed on the sacral lamina and pedicles for plate application.
Higher rate extrapolations based on in-flight testing of an advanced OFDM system

This paper presents an implementation of novel signal processing techniques for an OFDM system designed to restore losses caused by extremely high dynamic mobile conditions and frequency selective fading while maintaining compatibility with the packet format defined by the IEEE 802.11a standard. The prototype is an implementation of innovative techniques such as multi-pass carrier and symbol/sample timing acquisition; joint pilot- and data-aided channel estimation, tracking, and equalization; and diversity combining. The FPGA OFDM system implementation is designed for at least an order of magnitude improvement in link reliability when combating Doppler and multipath fading for high-speed platforms. Flight results are presented and extensions to higher order modulations and cyclic delay diversity schemes are investigated based on available link margin in these corridors.
Robotic data collection and simulation for evaluation of building retrofit performance

Abstract Building engineers need access to real-time data to make retrofit decisions or improve the energy performance of the building occupants. Such data is typically gathered with the help of fixed wired and/or wireless sensors. Such a process consumes a significant amount of time, effort, and financial resources, particularly in existing buildings which do not have a Building Automation Systems (BAS) installed. This paper introduces a framework that uses autonomous mobile indoor robots for gathering actionable building information in real-time, and discusses how this information can be further utilized for various analyses and critical decision-making. The navigation and drift correction algorithms developed for autonomous robot operation are described in detail. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method in large areas using only a sparse set of sensors mounted on mobile indoor robots. This research also developed a generic framework for making informed retrofit decisions with the help of robot collected data. A case study is performed to demonstrate the informed retrofit decision making process with the help of temperature data collected by a robot and subsequently used in an EnergyPlus simulation. Simulated annual energy savings of 3% were obtained by slightly modifying the R-values (20% to 45% improvement) of one of the external wall assemblies. These savings are expected to be larger if whole building retrofit and upgrade of material is performed. Thus, the proposed framework offers promise in improving the energy efficiency by extending the approach to other combinations of building materials (e.g. doors and windows).
Commonly expressed genes among cancer stem cells induced from hiPSCs and Obtained from cancer tissues or cell lines

Introduction: Cancer is one of the serious health problems in worldwide. For the development of radical cancer treatment, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are getting an issue of focus. CSCs are thought to be resistant to chemotherapy and cause metastasis. Although it is very important to understand their characters in detail, the knowledge so far is not sufficient due to their low ratio in tumor tissues. Subjects and Methods: We have induced CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) culturing in the conditioned media from cancer-derived cells without introducing genes or mutations. These induced CSCs actually have CSCs-like properties of self-renewal, differentiation potential, and tumorigenicity. In this study, their gene expression data are compared with more than 1000 sets of data from normal stem cells, our CSCs, CSCs obtained from cancer tissues or cell lines and cancer cells, which obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Results: Although there were no known cancer stem cell markers which can distinguish CSCs from other cell types, clustering with spherical self-organizing map revealed the expression of NTNG1, ABLIM2, DNM3, EDN1, XLOC_001990, and ISY1-RAB43 are significantly high in CSCs. Conclusion: Their expression should help to find CSCs as the markers in the future. Simultaneously, the function of these genes should become important to be clarified.
Instagramming Issues: Agenda Setting During the 2016 Presidential Campaign:

Mass media can set the public’s agenda, particularly during political campaigns. In the social media era, the public can now also set the mass media’s agenda, resulting in intermedia agenda setting...
Menarche and Dysmenorrhea

Menarche is one of the more dramatic signs of female puberty. It occurs late in puberty; for example, menarche occurs during Tanner Stage 4 in two-thirds of females, and in another stage for the other one-third. Tanner staging or classification of sex maturity rating is the clinical determination of secondary sex characteristics for ascertaining developmental age (see Daniel, Chapter 3). Staging of secondary sex characteristics is a relatively convenient and practical method for determining developmental age. Developmental age is superior to chronological age as a predictor for many hormonal, biochemical, and behavioral characteristics during adolescence (Gross and Duke, 1980; Rauh, 1976).
The cortical pyramidal cell as a set of interacting error backpropagating dendrites: mechanism for discovering nature's order

Central to our ability to have behaviors adapted to environmental circumstances is our skill at recognizing and making use of the orderly nature of the environment. This is a most remarkable skill, considering that behaviorally significant environmental regularities are not easy to discern: they are complex, operating among multi-level nonlinear combinations of environmental conditions, which are orders of complexity removed from raw sensory inputs. How the brain is able to recognize such high-order conditional regularities is, arguably, the most fundamental question facing neuroscience. We propose that the brain's basic mechanism for discovering such complex regularities is implemented at the level of individual pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex. The proposal has three essential components: 1. Pyramidal cells have 5-8 principal dendrites. Each such dendrite is a functional analog of an error backpropagating network, capable of learning complex, nonlinear input-to-output transfer functions. 2. Each dendrite is trained, in learning its transfer function, by all the other principal dendrites of the same cell. These dendrites teach each other to respond to their separate inputs with matching outputs. 3. Exposed to different but related information about the sensory environment, principal dendrites of the same cell tune to different nonlinear combinations of environmental conditions that are predictably related. As a result, the cell as a whole tunes to a set of related combinations of environmental conditions that define an orderly feature of the environment.Single pyramidal cells, of course, are not omnipotent as to the complexity of orderly relations they can discover in their sensory environments. However, when organized into feed-forward/feedback layers, they can build their discoveries on the discoveries of other cells, thus cooperatively unraveling nature's more and more complex regularities. If correct, this new understanding of the pyramidal cell's functional nature offers a fundamentally new insight into the brain's function and identifies what might be one of the key neural computational operations underlying the brain's tremendous cognitive and behavioral capabilities.
Some problems concerning distance and path degree sequences

Let G denote a graph with point set {v1, v2, ..., v|G|} d ij the number of points in G that are at distance j from v i . Then, the sequence (di0, di1, di2, ..., d ij , ...) is called the distance degree sequence of v i in G. The |G|-tuple of distance degree sequences of the points of G with entries arranged in lexicographic order is the Distance Degree Sequence of G. Similarly, we define the path degree sequence of v i in G as the sequence (pi0, pi1, pi2, ..., p ij , ...) where p ij is the number of paths in G with initial point v i and which have length j. The ordered set of all such sequences arranged in lexicographic order is called the Path Degree Sequence of G.
SMOOTH INTERPOLATION OVER TRIANGLES

Publisher Summary The mathematics of computer-aided geometric design involves the interpolation and approximation of curves and surfaces. For surfaces defined on a polygonal region, one method is triangulation, followed by interpolation on the sub-triangles. This chapter presents some recently discovered methods for such representations of curved surfaces. These interpolants have the feature that they are locally defined approximations of sufficient smoothness and polynomial precision to provide visually esthetic pictures. The chapter presents a survey of smooth interpolants over triangles and of the corresponding finite-dimensional interpolants. The first smooth interpolant to boundary values of a triangle appeared in a paper by Barnhill, Birkhoff, and Gordon. The chapter also discusses polynomial blending functions.
The Management of Gastric Lymphoma

Gastric lymphomas represent the most common form of extranodal lymphomas. These tumors remain localized until late in their natural history, making many patients amenable to surgical treatment. Because of significant risk of recurrence, additional radiation therapy or chemotherapy should be administered, with the type of treatment dependent on the lymphoma stage and type. Tumor stage represents the most reliable prognostic indicator. With improvements in systemic therapy, surgery will likely play a decreased role in treatment; however, current optimal therapy includes more than one treatment modality.
Graph clustering for localization within a sensor array

We develop a model-free technique to identify weak sources within dense sensor arrays using graph clustering. No knowledge about the propagation medium is needed except that signal strengths decay to insignificant levels within a scale that is shorter than the aperture. We then reinterpret the spatial coherence matrix of a wave field as a matrix whose support is a connectivity matrix of a graph with sensors as vertices. In a dense network, well-separated sources induce clusters in this graph. The support of the covariance matrix is estimated from limited-time data using a hypothesis test with a robust phase-only coherence test statistic combined with a physical distance criterion. The method is applied to a dense 5200 element geophone array that blanketed 7 km ×10 km of the city of Long Beach (CA). The analysis exposes a helicopter traversing the array.
Tracking Gene Expression via Light Sheet Microscopy and Computer Vision in Living Organisms

Automated tracking of spatiotemporal gene expression using in vivo microscopy images have given great insight into understanding developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Many existing analysis tools rely on the fluorescent tagging of cell wall or cell nuclei localized proteins to assess position, orientation, and overall shape of an organism; information necessary for determining locations of gene expression activity. Particularly in plants, organism lines that have fluorescent tags can take months to develop, which can be time consuming and costly. We propose an automated solution for analyzing spatial characteristics of gene expression without the necessity of fluorescent tagged cell walls or cell nuclei. Our solution indicates, segments, and tracks gene expression using a fluorescent imaging channel of a light sheet microscope while determining gene expression location within an organism from a Brightfield (non-fluorescent) imaging channel. We use the images obtained from the Arabidopsis thaliana root as a proof of concept for our solution by studying the effects of heat shock stress on CYCLIN B1 protein production.
Abstract 4516: Suppression of metastasis by inhibiting nanoscale physical communication of cancer cell and the endothelium

The progression of metastasis proceeds through the physical communication of cancer cells with the endothelium via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). Restriction on the cancer cell and the endothelium communication by inhibiting TNT formation can lead to breakthrough advancement in the treatment of metastasis. However, the mechanistic interpretation about the formation of TNTs between the cancer cells and the endothelium has been poorly defined in literature. Our study integrates the investigation of mechanism behind the TNT formation and introduction of a pharmacological inhibitor for TNT formation. The nanobridges are primarily composed of cytoskeletal elements such as actin and tubulin, which originates from the energy dependent remodeling of membrane cytoskeletal elements. Here, we propose that the members of Rho-family of GTPases, Cdc42, Ral and Rac along with exocyst complex, are involved in the actin polymerization based on their localization to the nanobridges between the metastatic cancer cells and the endothelium. A significant decrease in mitochondrial transfer and TNT formation has been observed when the inhibitor for Cdc42/Rac1 GTPase inhibitor (ML141), and a geranylgeranyltransferase 1 inhibitor (L-778,123) has been employed in the co-culture. The amount of mitochondrial transfer was evaluated with flow cytometry and the number of TNT formation was counted from imaging, which in case of inhibitors was highly reduced. Simultaneously the involvement of exocyst complex was confirmed through imaging. The proteins involved in the exocyst complex co-localize with the nanotubes and was further validated by siRNA-based knock down study. The nanotubular pathways are the primary mode of communication between cancer cell and endothelium, which leads to the conversion of healthy endothelium to a pathological one. Hindering the TNT mediated communication via pharmacological inhibitors can reduce the chance of metastasis. Conclusion: Investigation of molecular mechanism behind the TNT formation and employing innovative ways to have restriction over that can be a potential next generation therapeutic module for controlling metastasis. Reference: Connor Y, Tekleab S, Nandakumar S, Walls C, Tekleab Y, Reiberger T, Husain A, Gadish O, Sabbisetti V, Kaushik S, Sehrawat S, Kulkarni A, Dvorak H, Zetter B, Jain RK, Edelman E, Sengupta S. Physical nanoscale conduits-mediated communication between tumor cells and endothelium enables a metastatic hijack. Nature Communications (2015) 6:8671. Citation Format: Chinmayee Dash, Tanmoy Saha, Sachin Khiste, Shiladitya Sengupta. Suppression of metastasis by inhibiting nanoscale physical communication of cancer cell and the endothelium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4516.
Intergenerational influences on children’s food preferences, and eating styles: A review and call for research

The purpose of this article is to examine the roles family members play in shaping young children’s food preferences and habits, as well as the extent to which these effects endure into adulthood.,Drawing on research in public health, marketing, nutrition and psychology, this paper examines how intergenerational influences (IGs) are manifested in the dietary domain.,Evidence suggests that the influence of early socialization is substantial, and that such impacts constitute an interesting yet sometimes overlooked set of forces that can help to guide our consumption behaviors as adults.,A detailed agenda for future research is proposed.
Regulation of Proton Diffusion Pathways in Chloroplast Thylakoids by Ca++ Gating

This chapter will present background information and some of the experiments which led to the hypothesis, and various tests of it, concerning a Ca++ controlled gate for regulating H+ ion diffusion pathways between localized and delocalized energy coupling gradients in thylakoid membranes. The arguments about whether photophosphorylation could be energized by localized proton gradients or only by delocalized gradients were unresolved for some time and had proponents on each side (i.e., see Ferguson (1985) for thorough review of the question as of 1985). The issue is clearer now, in light of recent results (see Dilley et al. (1987) for a review), and our present view is that both types of energy coupling proton gradients occur in thylakoids.
Multiplexed direct detection of barcoded protein reporters on a nanopore array

Abstract Genetically encoded reporter proteins are a cornerstone of molecular biology. While they are widely used to measure many biological activities, the current number of uniquely addressable reporters that can be used together for one-pot multiplexed tracking is small due to overlapping detection channels such as fluorescence. To address this, we built an expanded library of orthogonally-barcoded Nanopore-addressable protein Tags Engineered as Reporters (NanoporeTERs), which can be read and demuxed by nanopore sensors at the single-molecule level. By adapting a commercially available nanopore sensor array platform typically used for real-time DNA and RNA sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION), we show direct detection of NanoporeTER expression levels from unprocessed bacterial culture with no specialized sample preparation. These results lay the foundations for a new class of reporter proteins to enable multiplexed, real-time tracking of gene expression with nascent nanopore sensor technology.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Medical Weight Loss Prior to Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Is it Feasible?

Obesity is a major risk factor for perioperative morbidity, especially for patients undergoing complex incisional hernia repair. The feasibility and effectiveness of medical weight loss programs prior to complex abdominal wall reconstruction have not been well characterized. Here, we report our experience collaborating with a medical weight loss specialist utilizing a protein sparing modified fast in order to optimize weight loss prior to complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Morbidly obese patients (body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2) evaluated by our medical weight loss specialist prior to complex ventral hernia repair were identified within our prospective database. Our primary outcome measure was the amount of weight lost prior to surgical intervention. Our secondary outcome measure was to determine the maintenance of weight loss during long-term follow-up after the surgical intervention. A total of 25 patients with a BMI > 35 kg/m2 were evaluated by our medical weight loss specialist prior to undergoing a planned incisional hernia repair. The mean weight of the patients preoperatively was 128 kg ± 25 (range 96–205 kg) (mean ± standard deviation), and the mean BMI was 49 kg/m2 ± 10 (range 36–85). After completion of the preoperative modified protein sparing fast, the mean preoperative weight loss of the group was 24 kg ± 21 (range 2–80 kg). The overall change in BMI for the group prior to surgery was 9 kg/m2 ± 8 (0.6 to 33). The percentage of excess BMI loss and total BMI loss preoperatively was 37 % ± 23 (2 to 83) and 18 % ± 12 (1 to 43), respectively. Of the 24 patients that initially lost weight in the program preoperatively, 22 (88 %) successfully maintained their weight loss for the entire study period for an average of 18 months. Collaboration with a medical weight loss specialist and a surgeon with a structured approach using a modified protein sparing fast can successfully result in meaningful weight loss prior to complex abdominal wall reconstruction. The majority of patients in this study were able to maintain their weight loss during long-term follow-up. Utilization of a protein sparing modified fast in collaboration with a medical weight loss specialist is a valuable resource for guiding weight loss in patients with morbid obesity prior to elective complex surgical procedures.
Diurnal Control of Sensory Axon Growth and Shedding in the Mouse Cornea.

Purpose The circadian clock plays an important role in the expression and regulation of various genes and cellular processes in the body. Here, we study diurnal regulation of the growth and shedding of the sensory axons in the mouse cornea. Methods Male and female BALB/cN mice were euthanized 90 minutes before and after the lights are turned on and off; at 5:30 AM, 8:30 AM, 5:30 PM, and 8:30 PM. Nerve terminal growth, shedding and overall axon density were assessed at these four time points using confocal imaging after staining axons in en face whole mount corneas with antibodies against βIII tubulin, GAP43, and L1CAM. In addition, corneal epithelial cell proliferation, thickness, and desquamation were assessed using ki67, LAMP1, Involucrin, and ZO1. Results Nerve terminal shedding took place between 5:30 AM and 8:30 AM and correlated positively with the timing of apical cell desquamation. After shedding the tips of the nerve terminals, axonal growth increased as indicated by increased axonal GAP43 expression. At 5:30 PM and 8:30 PM before and after the lights are turned off, cell proliferation was reduced, and epithelial thickness was maximal. Conclusions Intraepithelial corneal nerve growth and shedding are under diurnal control regulated by the time of day and whether lights are on or off. Axons extend during the day and are shed within 90 minutes after lights are turned on. The data presented in this article shed light on the potential role that circadian clock plays in corneal pain and discomfort.
Political Advocacy from Plastic Surgery Trainees in the United States.

Legislature directly impacts the practice of physicians across multiple specialties. The goal of our study is to investigate the political engagement and opinions of plastic surgery trainees, and how they perceive legislation impacts future practice. Methods A 24-question survey was designed and distributed to all program directors and Resident Council members within the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. This initiative was driven by the board and directors and supported by the Resident Council. The Resident Council is a trainee-driven committee within the American Society of Plastic Surgeons that communicates with the Board of Directors. Results This survey generated a 10.3% response rate with 118 responses out of 1143 trainees in ACGME accredited institutions. When asked in an open-ended fashion to list the most important reason why one planned to vote in the 2020 election, only 6.8% listed healthcare as a factor. Eighty-four percent of respondents believe that their vote impacts future legislation and regulation. Ninety-four percent strongly agree or agree that political legislation affects reimbursement. Conclusions With only 10.3% of trainees responding, there is a concern that political activity is not a priority for plastic surgery trainees. Plastic surgery trainees are attending summits, meeting with politicians, writing letters, and attending fundraisers. Respondents are overwhelmingly voting and planning to vote in elections, though few list healthcare as a reason. A future goal must be to motivate trainees to consider the intersection between healthcare and plastic surgery.
A digital highway for data fluidity and data equity in precision medicine.

Abstract Recent technological advances continue to expand the universe of big data in biomedicine along the four axes of variety, veracity, volume, and velocity, fueling innovations in research and discovery while transforming care delivery. These advances allow quantitative capture of multimodal health, behavioral, social, and environmental data from n-of-all in near real-time to support the development of new therapies and personalization of treatment decisions for the n-of-one. Application of advanced analytical methods, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, to these modern data assets can greatly propel our understanding of health and disease, accelerating the development of safer and more effective anticancer therapies. In this perspective, we rationalize the creation of a universally accessible digital highway system as a foundational infrastructure to enable data fluidity in an equitable manner. An interoperable and integrated digital inter-state highway can facilitate efficient derivation of insights from biomedical big data to improve health outcomes and ensure that the U.S. remains at the leading-edge innovations in technology, advanced analytics, and precision medicine.
Anticonvulsant dopamine type 2 receptor agonist activates inhibitory parvalbumin interneurons

Dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) agonists have anticonvulsant effect, whereas D2R antagonists increase seizure risk, but the mechanism of this action has not been delineated. We tested whether D2R agonists activate parvalbumin (PV)-containing inhibitory interneurons to suppress seizures. We treated frontal lobe onset seizures with a D2R agonist sumanirole, and it suppressed seizures. We used activity reporter TRAP2 mice and found that injection of D2R agonist led to extensive activation of PV interneurons in the cortex and striatum ipsilateral to the seizure focus. D2R agonists activate PV interneurons, which in turn inhibit principal neurons, potentially explaining their anticonvulsant effect.
The Role of Sensitivity Analysis in Stress Testing Real Time Models of Power Systems Controllers

Real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation has been a major step in design, development, and implementation of new technologies in the field of power systems. The distinct advantage of HIL simulations is their ability to incorporate external controllers or power hardware into the simulation using control or power interfaces. Due to their real-time characteristics, these simulations cannot be accelerated by using more powerful hardware, which makes the comprehensive evaluation of a given device-under-test (DUT) more challenging. Usually the simulation scenarios (mainly events and parameter values) are orchestrated by experts to observe the behavior of the DUT under stress by observing a set of performance metrics. The issue with this approach is that it cannot push the DUT to its absolute limit. Doing so requires a systematic approach to determine and manipulate a usually vast number of model parameters to check all possible scenarios and identify the ones that push the metrics beyond their acceptable range. However, not all model variables have the same influence on the performance metrics. Here, we use a Power Generation Module (PGM) model found on next generation naval vessels as a case study to implement fractional factorial design as a factor screening approach on two metrics defined for the PGM. The results confirm that a very small subset of the model variables have the majority of influence on the performance metrics. By knowing which variables are more influential on the metrics, the dimension of the search space, and therefore the computational burden of the analysis, can be drastically reduced.
Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review

Abstract Introduction Hematospermia (HS) is the presence of blood in ejaculatory fluid. It is a rare condition that is historically idiopathic or associated with sexual behavior. Technological advances have identified many of the etiologies behind HS, improving treatment. Though often benign, HS remains a source of considerable sexual anxiety for patients. Few papers have outlined a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to HS, and none have explicitly addressed its sexual consequences. Objectives To provide a comprehensive overview of HS, emphasizing its sexual ramifications. Methods A PubMed literature search was performed through May 2021 to identify all relevant publications related to etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and sexual effects of HS. Original research and reviews were analyzed, and pertinent studies were included in this review. Results Iatrogenic interventions (eg, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies) are the most common cause of HS. Infection and/or nonspecific inflammation is the most common non-iatrogenic etiology. Malignancies, including prostate, testicular, and other genitourinary cancers, are rarely the cause of HS. Diagnostic approaches to HS can be organized according to patient age (less than or greater than 40 years old), persistence of bleeding, and the presence/absence of concerning symptoms. Though HS often spontaneously resolves, treatment may require various medications (eg, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories) or surgical interventions. HS has several sexual ramifications, including libido-affecting anxiety, social repercussions from sexual partners and non-sexual affiliates, increased risk of erectile dysfunction or transmission of sexual infections, and compromised fertility, especially when cryopreservation is utilized. Conclusion HS may significantly affect sexual health through several mechanisms, though there is a paucity of formal data on this subject. Further research is needed to fully understand the severity and extent of HS's effect on sexual well-being, especially in those with refractory bleeding. Drury RH, King B, Herzog B, et al. Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review. Sex Med Rev. 2021;XX:XXX–XXX.
Large Salem Sets Avoiding Nonlinear Configurations.

We construct large Salem sets avoiding patterns, complementing previous constructions of pattern avoiding sets with large Hausdorff dimension. For a (possibly uncountable) family of uniformly Lipschitz functions $\{ f_i : (\mathbb{T}^d)^{n-2} \to \mathbb{T}^d \}$, we obtain a Salem subset of $\mathbb{T}^d$ with dimension $d/(n-1)$ avoiding nontrivial solutions to the equation $x_n - x_{n-1} = f_i(x_1,\dots,x_{n-2})$. For a countable family of smooth functions $\{ f_i : (\mathbb{T}^d)^{n-1} \to \mathbb{T}^d \}$ satisfying a modest geometric condition, we obtain a Salem subset of $\mathbb{T}^d$ with dimension $d/(n-3/4)$ avoiding nontrivial solutions to the equation $x_n = f(x_1,\dots,x_{n-1})$. For a set $Z \subset \mathbb{T}^{dn}$ which is the countable union of a family of sets, each with lower Minkowski dimension $s$, we obtain a Salem subset of $\mathbb{T}^d$ of dimension $(dn - s)/(n - 1/2)$ whose Cartesian product does not intersect $Z$ except at points with non-distinct coordinates.
Does Grazing Affect Soil Carbon in Subtropical Humid Seminatural Grasslands

Abstract Rangelands account for a large portion of global carbon stocks and have high potential for carbon sequestration if managed properly. Grazing has variable effects on soil organic carbon depending on climate, geography, and soil type; therefore, grazers in various regions may need to be managed differently to ensure optimum carbon sequestration. This study aimed to assess the impacts of cattle grazing on soil carbon in seminatural subtropical humid rangelands in Florida. We measured root biomass, bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total carbon (TC) concentrations and used the equivalent soil mass method to assess organic carbon stock (OCS) and total carbon stock at three depths (0−5 cm, 5−15 cm, and 15−30 cm) inside and outside of five 15-yr-old grazing exclosures. We also surveyed the vegetation at each sampling location and litter biomass inside and outside of exclosures. We found that grazing increased bulk density, decreased root biomass, but did not affect litter amount. SOC and TC concentrations did not differ significantly between ungrazed and grazed plots. On an equivalent soil mass basis, we found greater soil carbon stocks in grazed plots within the shallower part of the soil (0−5 cm). Removal of grazing resulted in a clear difference in vegetation composition between grazed and ungrazed plots, with grazed plots having higher grass cover (on average 60% in grazed vs. 13% in ungrazed) and ungrazed having higher forb cover (on average 78% in ungrazed vs. 32% in grazed). Results provide evidence that grazing increased soil carbon stocks in the top layer of soil, but longer-term studies are needed to assess the impact of grazing on SOC concentrations. To further clarify the impact of grazing on drivers of soil carbon in subtropical humid seminatural grasslands, we recommend further study of grazing impacts on productivity, root production and turnover, and microbial responses.
Demand for Plant Based Beverages and Market Competition in Fluid Milk Markets

The continued penetration of plant-based beverages in fluid milk markets appears to have reinforced the ongoing decline in the U.S. per capita consumption of fluid cow milk. This study focuses on how demographic variables and consumers’ opinions about climate change impact the preference for plant-based beverages. This study also explores the competition in fluid milk markets. To this end, we utilized sales data from the Nielsen retail scanner dataset and employed a random-coefficients logit model. Results show that consumers' belief in the human role in climate change is positively correlated with their preference for plant-based beverages. Non-whites show a higher preference for plant-based beverages. The average own-price elasticities of plant-based beverages were found to be higher than those of a manufacturer's brand and private label cow milk and lower than those of organic and lactose-free cow milk. Plant-based beverages are found to be close substitutes for each other but are less substitutable with milk types. The results suggest that the price-cost markup percentages associated with plant-based beverages are higher than those of private label cow milk and lower than those of organic and lactose-free cow milk, indicating a significant market power for the firms producing them.