cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Makes Writing Great? First Experiments on Article Quality Prediction in the Science Journalism Domain

Great writing is rare and highly admired. Readers seek out articles that are beautifully written, informative and entertaining. Yet information-access technologies lack capabilities for predicting article quality at this level. In this paper we present first experiments on article quality prediction in the science journalism domain. We introduce a corpus of great pieces of science journalism, along with typical articles from the genre. We implement features to capture aspects of great writing, including surprising, visual and emotional content, as well as general features related to discourse organization and sentence structure. We show that the distinction between great and typical articles can be detected fairly accurately, and that the entire spectrum of our features contribute to the distinction.
9 Mycobacterial Porins

Mycobacteria devote a large part of the coding capacity of its genome to fatty acid biosynthesis. Porins of Neisseria meningitidis induce actin nucleation in the host cell, suggesting a role in cell actin reorganization, which might influence the invasive ability of the bacteria. The growth and nutritional requirements of mycobacteria have been intensely studied since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nutrient uptake mechanisms obviously depend on the permeability barriers imposed by the cell envelope. Mycobacteria have evolved a complex cell wall, comprising a peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan polymer with covalently bound mycolic acids of considerable size (up to 90 carbon atoms), a variety of extractable lipids, and pore-forming proteins. The unique mycolic acid bilayer is an extremely efficient permeability barrier protecting the cell from toxic compounds and is generally thought to be the major determinant of the intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most common antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and chemical disinfectants. The susceptibility of both Mycobacterium bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis to zwitterionic β-lactam antibiotics was substantially enhanced by MspA, decreasing the minimal inhibitory concentration up to 16-fold. The accelerated growth of M. bovis BCG on expression of MspA identified slow nutrient uptake as one of the determinants of slow growth in mycobacteria.
Hall Effect and the Beauty and Challenges of Science

It is a great honor to be asked to participate in this commemorative symposium on the centennial of the discovery of the Hall effect here at Johns Hopkins. The Hall effect is a superb example of a phenomenon which, while simple in initial concept, is really very profound in its implications and application to a variety of solids of inherently differing characteristics. The evolution of the versatility of Hall data in interpreting complex transport in solids is indeed a classic example of the beauty and challenges of science. Let us try to follow some of the major developments in this progression of theoretical and experimental achievements.
An Originalist Theory of Precedent

There is substantial scholarly disagreement on whether and in what manner prior decisions of the United States Supreme Court interpreting the Constitution bind it later in time. This is despite the consensus of American legal practice that prior constitutional decisions do bind later courts. At the heart of the debate surrounding precedent is the tension between our written Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land, and the role of the unelected Supreme Court in exercising constitutional judicial review. Further, the existence of numerous and important nonoriginalist precedents is used by critics of originalism as an (in their view, often decisive) argument against originalism. In this Article I will offer a theory of constitutional precedent within an originalist framework. I will argue that a limited respect is due some nonoriginalist constitutional precedent because of the larger societal goal of effectively pursuing the common good. I will initially describe the problem that precedent has posed for scholars and courts in the area of constitutional adjudication. First, I will explain what I mean by a theory of precedent. Second, I will briefly discuss the debate over the proper interpretative methodology of the Constitution. Third, I will show how, for any plausible theory of constitutional interpretation, there will be precedents that, under the methodology, are mistakes. Lastly, I will review attempts by originalist scholars to elucidate a theory of precedent in constitutional adjudication. I will then lay out my theory of originalist precedent. First, I will describe the originalist interpretative methodology I am assuming for purposes of this Article. Central to the originalist methodology that I describe is the concept of the common good. Then, I will argue that courts should not overrule nonoriginalist constitutional precedent only when overruling the precedent would gravely harm society's pursuit of the common good. Originalism requires judges to adhere to the meaning of the text of the Constitution as it was understood when ratified. In constitutional adjudication, therefore, judges may only apply the positive law of the Constitution and may not, generally, directly apply natural law norms. By contrast, when determining whether to overrule or limit nonoriginalist precedent, judges will be relatively unconstrained and will have to make those determinations by looking to what the common good of society requires. As a result, I will briefly discuss a theory of judicial virtue to account for how judges should exercise this discretion.
Improvising performance of Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm

The requirement of information security on a network has become highly challenging. Cryptography is a method to provide information confidentiality, authenticity and integrity. The cryptography overcomes several challenges such as execution time, memory requirement, and computation power. However, we cannot get desired outcomes by using sequential computation. In this paper, we introduce parallel computation using multicore processors by parallelizing the execution of the algorithm in multiple cores. We analyze the effectiveness of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm on dual core processor by using OpenMP API to reduce the execution time. This process is validated using JAVA platform. Based on the results, it is confirmed that parallel computation reduced execution time as compared with sequential computation.
Tacit magic: understanding the principles behind Nakamichi’s creative pattern cutting

ABSTRACTTomoko Nakamichi is globally renowned for her creative pattern cutting techniques presented in the Pattern Magic books [(2010). Pattern magic. London: Laurence King Publishing; (2011). Pattern magic 2. London: Laurence King Publishing; (2012). Pattern magic: Stretch fabrics. London: Laurence King Publishing]. The goal of this research inquiry was to uncover tacit knowledge in Nakamichi’s techniques. Understanding the tacit principles behind her patterns may inspire pattern cutters to create innovative techniques and designs. Researchers conducted a structured inquiry into 50 different patterns in the Pattern Magic books to create a framework of principles. Each pattern was drafted, the principles contained therein analysed, and then applied in a new garment location to test the principles’ universality. Our inquiry began with traditional block-based pattern cutting principles of Joseph-Armstrong [(2010). Patternmaking for fashion design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education/Prentice Hall]: Da...
Testicular Tumors in the Teleost (Xiphophorus helleri) Receiving Sesame Oil

SummaryInterstitial cell tumors of the testicle occurred in 3 of 40 adult male teleost (Xiphophorus helleri) that had received retroperitoneal injections of sesame oil. Two of the tumors were malignant and the other was local nodular hyperplasia. Damage to other organs and some other effects of the oil treatment were observed. No neoplastic changes were found in the untreated adult male fishes.
Hibernation of the lizard Anolis carolinensis.

SummaryIn late summer and fall, body weight and to a greater extent liver weight increase due to the storage of glycogen and fat. With ithe increased storage of liver glycogen the blood glucose falls to a low level. In the winter and spring the blood sugar rises to a maximum and the liver glycogen and total lipids fall as the animal uses its body stores. Neither varying the hours of light to which the animals were exposed nor keeping them at a constant temperature throughout the year had any marked effect upon the constituents analyzed.
Effects of Contractual, Endogenous, or Unexpected Rewards on High and Low Interest Preschoolers

The effects of contractual (contingent on task completion), endogenous (related to the activity), unexpected, or no rewards on interest and quality of performance were studied in 94 preschool children identified as initially high or low interest in connect-the-dot puzzles. The data were analyzed in terms of immediate and subsequent effects of rewards on the number of minutes spent on the task (interest), and quality of coloring. During the experiment, less time was spent on the task when rewards were offered in advance, particularly in the endogenous reward group, which also produced poorest quality colorings. For the posttest, both initially uninterested groups receiving unexpected rewards spent more time on the puzzles, but contractual rewards interacted with initial interest. High interest children decreased and low interest children increased time doing puzzles. Endogenous reward groups did not differ from controls. Subsequent quality of coloring was lower only in the initially low interest, endogenous reward group.
Community college academic advisors and the challenge of access in the age of completion

This study sought to examine the impact of the college completion movement on the historical commitment to open access that serves as an essential part of the community college mission. Using the experiences of academic advisors as a lens, this mixed methods study describes how academic advisors feel about issues related to access, enrollment, and completion. Use of both a survey and one-on-one interviews revealed that academic advisors strongly support open access in theory, but the very real pressures to meet both enrollment and completion goals has led to feelings of frustration and mistrust of their administration and a willingness to curtail access in practice.
Active tectonic and volcanic mountain building as agents of rapid environmental changes and increased orchid diversity and long-distance orchid dispersal in the tropical Americas: opportunities and challenges

Tropical Latin America is a nexus of tectonic plates whose relative motions have led to rapid tectonic and volcanic mountain building in late Neogene time. Tropical mountain building, in turn, leads to highland “cloud forest” microclimates with increased rainfall, lower diurnal temperatures, and diverse microclimates. I have previously emphasized how the geologically recent growth of mountains has been localized in Central America and that this is likely a factor in the high diversity and endemism in those highlands. This paper will show that Andean uplift accelerated at ~15 Ma ago and ~ 5 Ma BP and continues to this day. This process evolved geographically among the cordilleras of the region. Givnish and others recently presented phylogenomic evidence that the diversity of many epiphytic orchids, including tribes found in the neotropics, also accelerated during this time interval.. Phylogenetic investigations of tropical orchid pollinators have shown that acceleration in speciation in such pollinators as hummingbirds, orchid bees, and flies occurred over this same time frame, suggesting that geologically driven environmental changes may have acted in concert with changes in orchid biology to speed up orchid diversity in these highlands. I also review some of the long-distance dispersal processes of orchids in the tropical Americas. River systems draining the Colombian Andes discharge into the Caribbean Sea and current-driven log-raft drifts and air suspension during cyclonic storms transport plants and animals from east to the west. Lastly I emphasize the need for the more information on orchid floras and species distribution in this hotspot.
Questioning the visibility of the landscape learning process during the Paleoindian colonization of northeastern North America

Abstract In this study Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is used to confirm previous visual identifications of red Munsungun chert, in 23 fluted point sites, or loci, in New England and southern Quebec. These source designations are combined with previous visual raw material identifications to provide a proxy measure of landscape knowledge possessed by early inhabitants of the region. The results herein show these groups possessed significant landscape knowledge and patterned lithic raw material procurement strategies. These results fail to support the idea that some behavioral adaptations during the early fluted point period such as robust toolkit design, long distance lithic transport or other such behaviors are the result of landscape unfamiliarity. These patterns likely hold for other are colonized by mobile hunting and gathering groups.
Utilization Patterns and Trends in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutation Testing Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Lung Cancer.

Abstract Introduction Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy significantly improves outcomes among patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors harbor sensitizing mutations. Patterns of EGFR testing have not been well-documented. The objective of this population-based study is to assess the testing pattern on a national scale. Patients and Methods Using MarketScan 2012 to 2014 data, we identified 5842 patients newly diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer from January 2013 to June 2014 and assessed their EGFR mutation testing pattern in the 6 months after diagnosis. We further examined the testing rate among patients who received the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Because histology information is not available in this database, we also conducted a subgroup analysis of EGFR testing among patients who were treated with bevacizumab or pemetrexed, who are likely to have non-squamous NSCLC. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to ascertain factors associated with EGFR testing. Results Of 5842 patients with metastatic lung cancer, 1039 (18%) had claims for EGFR testing within 6 months of diagnosis, and 283 (5%) received erlotinib. The testing rate among patients who received erlotinib was 42%. Within a subgroup of 1685 patients treated with bevacizumab or pemetrexed, 616 (37%) underwent EGFR testing. Multivariable logistic regression showed that younger patients, female patients, patients with fewer comorbidities, and patients living in the West region were more likely to receive EGFR testing. Conclusion This population-based study demonstrates low EGFR testing rates among advanced lung cancer patients in 2013 and 2014.
Oscillatory zoning in meteoritic forsterite

Some isolated forsterite grains in Allende (C3V) and ALHA 76004 (LL3) show oscillatory zoning when viewed with cathodoluminescence. Concentration profiles for these grains show that the oscillations correspond to cyclic variations in Al and Ti and, by inference with known correlations, V and Sc. Other elements, including Mg, Fe, Ca, and Cr, show only monotonic changes across the oscillatory-zoned area. Under reducing conditions assumed present during forsterite growth, the varying elements should be trivalent or higher in charge, whereas the Mg-Fe-Ca-Cr group would be divalent. Substitution into the olivine structure is considered to be two trivalent elements, dominated by AI, for Mg + Si, which represents a small substitution of the spinel component into forsterite. This same type of substitution is proposed for similar terrestrial oscillatory-zoned olivines in which no Fe or Mg variation is found. By analogy with terrestrial and lunar oscillatory-zoned minerals, crystallization of the forsterite from a liquid is probable. Currently, no such source material is known, although crystallization of porphyritic chondrules may produce grains of equivalent size with zoning. Although no oscillatory-zoned forsterite has been observed in chondrules, their recognition may be confirmation of the source of isolated forsterite grains; alternatively, the source of these forsterite grains has not yet been recognized.
Inter-Industry Labor Mobility and Lobbying for Trade Protection

ABSTRACTThis article investigates how inter-industry labor mobility affects industry lobbying for trade protection when foreign multinationals increase production and sales in the U.S. The level of inter-industry labor mobility is a critical issue to an industry because investment-receiving sectors draw labor from the rest of the economy, thus reducing the supply or increasing the price of labor available to an industry. I hypothesize that sectors employing less sector-specific labor will be more likely to lobby for trade protection when investment-receiving sectors draw labor to expand production, ceteris paribus. An empirical test confirms my hypothesis.
Modeling Bloch oscillations in nanoscale Josephson junctions.

Bloch oscillations in nanoscale Josephson junctions with a Coulomb charging energy comparable to the Josephson coupling energy are explored within the context of a model previously considered by Geigenm\"uller and Sch\"on that includes Zener tunneling and treats quasiparticle tunneling as an explicit shot-noise process. The dynamics of the junction quasicharge are investigated numerically using both Monte Carlo and ensemble approaches to calculate voltage-current characteristics in the presence of microwaves. We examine in detail the origin of harmonic and subharmonic Bloch steps at dc biases $I=(n/m)2ef$ induced by microwaves of frequency $f$ and consider the optimum parameters for the observation of harmonic ($m=1$) steps. We also demonstrate that the GS model allows a detailed semiquantitative fit to experimental voltage-current characteristics previously obtained at the Chalmers University of Technology, confirming and strengthening the interpretation of the observed microwave-induced steps in terms of Bloch oscillations.
Model for Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Pumps with Uncertain Demand Patterns

An optimization model is presented for pump operation based upon minimizing operation costs and indirectly the maintenance costs of pumps considering uncertainty of specified demand (load) curves. The purpose of this model is to determine pump operation to meet the uncertain demands as well as to satisfy the pressure requirements in the water distribution system. In addition, constraints on the number of pump (‘on-off’) switches are included as a surrogate to indirectly minimizing the maintenance costs. This model is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem using a chance constraint formulation of the uncertain demand constraint. The optimization model was solved using the LocalSolver option in A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL). The model was first applied to the operation of an example pumping system for an urban water distribution system (WDS) illustrating a reduction in operation costs using the optimization model. The optimization model with the chance-constraint for demand was applied for a range of demand satisfaction uncertainties. A decrease in the operation costs was observed with an increased uncertainty in demand satisfaction, which shows that the model further optimizes the operations considering the relaxed constraints. Model application could be extended to operations of pumping systems during emergencies and contingencies such as droughts, component failures etc.
Diffusive heat and mass transfer in oscillatory pipe flow

The enhancement of axial heat and mass transfer by laminar flow oscillation in pipes with axial gradients in temperature and concentration has been studied analytically for the cases of insulated and conducting walls. The axial diffusivity can exceed its molecular counterpart by many orders of magnitude, with a quadratic scaling on the pressure-gradient amplitude and the Prandtl or Schmidt number, and is a bimodal function of oscillatory frequency: quasi-steady behavior at low frequencies and a power-law decay at high frequencies. When the pipe wall is conductive and of sufficient thickness, and the flow oscillation is quasi-steady, the axial diffusivity may be enhanced by a further factor of about ten as a result of increased radial diffusion, for liquid and gas flows in pipes with walls with a wide range of thermal conductivities. Criteria for the wall thickness required to achieve this additional enhancement and for the limits placed on the validity of these solutions by viscous dissipation are also de...
Structure Basis for Directional R-loop Formation and Substrate Handover Mechanisms in Type I CRISPR-Cas System.

Type I CRISPR systems feature a sequential dsDNA target searching and degradation process, by crRNA-displaying Cascade and nuclease-helicase fusion enzyme Cas3, respectively. Here we present two cryo-EM snapshots of the Thermobifida fusca type I-E Cascade: (1) unwinding 11 bp of dsDNA at the seed-sequence region to scout for sequence complementarity, and (2) further unwinding of the entire protospacer to form a full R-loop. These structures provide the much-needed temporal and spatial resolution to resolve key mechanistic steps leading to Cas3 recruitment. In the early steps, PAM recognition causes severe DNA bending, leading to spontaneous DNA unwinding to form a seed-bubble. The full R-loop formation triggers conformational changes in Cascade, licensing Cas3 to bind. The same process also generates a bulge in the non-target DNA strand, enabling its handover to Cas3 for cleavage. The combination of both negative and positive checkpoints ensures stringent yet efficient target degradation in type I CRISPR-Cas systems.
Trainees May Add Value to Patient Care by Decreasing Addendum Utilization in Radiology Reports

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of trainee involvement and other factors on addendum rates in radiology reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. From the institutional radiology data repository, we extracted all radiology reports from January 1 to June 30, 2016, as well as trainee (resident or fellow) involvement, imaging modality, patient setting (emergency, inpatient, or outpatient), order status (routine vs immediate), time of interpretation (regular work hours vs off-hours), radiologist's years of experience, and sex. We grouped imaging modalities as advanced (CT, MRI, and PET) or nonadvanced (any modality that was not CT, MRI, or PET) and radiologist experience level as ≤ 20 years or > 20 years. Our outcome measure was the rate of addenda in radiology reports. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS. From 129,033 reports finalized during the study period, 418...
Protein-based flexible whispering gallery mode resonators

The idea of creating photonics tools for sensing, imaging and material characterization has long been pursued and many achievements have been made. Approaching the level of solutions provided by nature however is hindered by routine choice of materials. To this end recent years have witnessed a great effort to engineer mechanically flexible photonic devices using polymer substrates. On the other hand, biodegradability and biocompatibility still remains to be incorporated. Hence biomimetics holds the key to overcome the limitations of traditional materials in photonics design. Natural proteins such as sucker ring teeth (SRT) and silk for instance have remarkable mechanical and optical properties that exceed the endeavors of most synthetic and natural polymers. Here we demonstrate for the first time, toroidal whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMR) fabricated entirely from protein structures such as SRT of Loligo vulgaris (European squid) and silk from Bombyx mori. We provide here complete optical and material characterization of proteinaceous WGMRs, revealing high quality factors in microscale and enhancement of Raman signatures by a microcavity. We also present a most simple application of a WGMR as a natural protein add-drop filter, made of SRT protein. Our work shows that with protein-based materials, optical, mechanical and thermal properties can be devised at the molecular level and it lays the groundwork for future eco-friendly, flexible photonics device design.
Do pictures help tell the story? An experimental test of narrative and emojis in a health text message intervention

Abstract The use of mobile devices continues to grow, as does the use of mobile devices for health information and health promotion. Little research, however, has assessed how specific characteristics of a health text message intervention may impact message processing and attention. We conducted a 3X2 experiment with 426 young adults to assess the impact of narrative messages (e.g., stories) and the use of emojis on message processing and message attention. The results were mixed, although exposure to non-narrative messages without emojis resulted in increased message elaboration and perceptions of credibility. Our research highlighted that, depending on the goals and content of the messaging, message creators should consider the message format and features such as the use of emojis.
Chaos and Opportunity: On Training Day

This chapter examines the place of commercial black filmmaking in the cultural politics of the post–civil rights era United States and argues that a material and symbolic reassertion of antiblackness in public policy and popular culture has accompanied the clamor about “blacks in officialdom” that both neoliberal multiculturalism and neoconservative colorblindness have amplified over the last generation. The guises of black empowerment, particularly images of black masculinity as state-sanctioned authority, are viewed as extensions of the illegitimacy, dispossession, and violence that seem to otherwise monopolize the signification of racial blackness. Antoine Fuqua’s Training Day (2001) provides a case study and the director’s broader professional career articulates the structural conditions for an antiblack black visibility on a global scale.
Video-Recorded Validation of Wearable Step Counters under Free-living Conditions.

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 14-step counting methods under free-living conditions.MethodsTwelve adults (mean ± SD age, 35 ± 13 yr) wore a chest harness that held a GoPro camera pointed down at the feet during all waking hours for 1 d. The GoPro continuou
Raster-Based Analysis

Raster-based analysis on two or more DEMs can provide information about change patterns and trends. A common approach to mapping elevation change between two surveys is DEM differencing, performed by map algebra within GIS (r.mapcalc in GRASS). For a larger number of elevation data snapshots, per cell statistics can be applied to the raster DEMs to derive summary maps, which reveal the spatial patterns of stable and dynamic sites, the time periods when sites reach their highest or lowest elevations, and the trends in elevation change.
Correctness and Goodness

In this paper, I argue that the fact that truth is the correctness condition for belief and assertion does not entail that truth is a value—it does not entail that true beliefs and true assertions are good. The way I will put this point is by saying that correctness does not entail goodness. It follows from this that correctness is not a species or kind of goodness and that being correct is not a way of being good. I consider an objection to this, to the effect that correctness amounts to goodness qua representation, and discuss some the consequences of my thesis in the realm of reasons.
Extreme Enlargement of the Cerebellum in a Clade of Teleost Fishes that Evolved a Novel Active Sensory System

Brains, and the distinct regions that make up brains, vary widely in size across vertebrates [1, 2]. Two prominent hypotheses have been proposed to explain brain region scaling evolution. The mosaic hypothesis proposes that changes in the relative sizes of particular brain regions are the result of selection acting independently on those regions [2, 3]. The concerted hypothesis proposes that the brain evolves as a coordinated structure due to developmental constraints [4]. These hypotheses have been widely debated [3-7], and recent studies suggest a combination of the two best describes vertebrate brain region scaling [8-10]. However, no study has addressed how the mosaic and concerted models relate to the evolution of novel behavioral phenotypes. We addressed this question using African mormyroid fishes. The mormyroids have evolved a novel active electrosensory system and are well known for having extreme encephalization [11] and a large cerebellum [2, 12], which is cited as a possible example of mosaic evolution [2]. We found that compared to outgroups without active electrosensing, mormyroids experienced mosaic increases in the sizes of the cerebellum and hindbrain, and mosaic decreases in the sizes of the telencephalon, optic tectum, and olfactory bulb. However, the evolution of extreme encephalization within mormyroids was associated with concerted changes in the sizes of all brain regions. This suggests that mosaic evolutionary change in the regional composition of the brain is most likely to occur alongside the evolution of novel behavioral functions, but not with the evolution of extreme encephalization.
Rectal Cancer: Operative Treatment Transabdominal

Anatomically, the rectum extends from the point at which the three taenia coli fuse into a single longitudinal smooth muscle layer (rectosigmoid junction) to the anal canal. However, from an oncologic perspective, it corresponds to the distal 12 cm of the large bowel measured from the anal verge. According to this definition, most of the rectum is located below the anterior peritoneal reflection. Cancers that occur proximal to this level in the average patient behave more like colon cancers and are treated accordingly.
Comment on “Aeroelastic design optimization of thin-walled subsonic wings against divergence” [Thin-Walled Struct., 47 (2008) 89–97]

Abstract A paper titled “Aeroelastic design optimization of thin-walled subsonic wings against divergence,” [1] published in the Thin-Walled Structures Journal presents an exact solution for calculating divergence condition of subsonic wings by solving the dimensionless governing equation of motion of a thin-walled wing structure. Furthermore, an optimum wall thickness at wing's root and the thickness slope are found to make the wing more efficient against divergence by maximization of divergence velocity. After thorough investigation of the paper's mathematical modeling, some mistakes have been discovered. This comment reviews the theoretical analysis section of the aforementioned paper, which is called the reference paper afterwards, and presents the correct form of the equations followed by a discussion on the validity of the reference paper's results. Authors of this comment would like to express their appreciation for the great research work that has been reported by L. Librescu and K. Y. Maalawi in the reference paper.
On Encounters and Ethics in the Vietnam War

This chapter considers war-related encounters, unmediated by interpreters, and represented in fictional accounts written by Vietnam War veterans, both American and Vietnamese, about the war. Examples are taken from poetry, novels, memoir, and the narratives of U.S. veterans treated for severe PTSD. What is striking about these varied accounts of the daily life and death scenarios experienced during the war, and remembered long after the war was over, is what little mention is given to any supposed cause for which they were fighting. A more prominent theme in the literature is the solders’ attempts to monitor and “self-legislate” individual or group ethical behavior during the war, while at the same time being ordered to obey a set of sanctioned naked rules granted rational legitimacy by whichever military body they served. It is this moral struggle, and how it is articulated in soldiers’ encounters with others and with themselves, that is explored here.
A Genome-wide association study of metastatic prostate cancer.

160Background: There are no biomarkers currently used in clinical practice that can predict which men will develop metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa). Germline genetic variants that are highly asso...
Coassembly and the $K$-theory of finite groups

Abstract We study the K -theory and Swan theory of the group ring R [ G ] , when G is a finite group and R is any ring or ring spectrum. In this setting, the well-known assembly map for K ( R [ G ] ) has a companion called the coassembly map. We prove that their composite is the equivariant norm of K ( R ) . This gives a splitting of both assembly and coassembly after K ( n ) -localization, a new map between Whitehead torsion and Tate cohomology, and a partial computation of K -theory of representations in the category of spectra.
The Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score: Changing Perspectives on Mortality and Disability

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a devastating diagnosis. While the ICH Score continues to be used in the clinical setting to prognosticate outcomes, contemporary improvements in management have reduced mortality rates for each scoring tier. The aims of this study were to examine mortality rates within ICH Score strata and examine if these findings are stable when major disability is included in categorizing poor outcomes. Methods From a single-institution cohort built between 2009 and 2016, 582 patients were extracted based on the criteria for complete ICH Score, discharge mortality, and functional status for survivors. Mortality rates were stratified by ICH Score and compared with both historical and similar contemporary cohorts. Poor outcome was defined as severe disability (modified Rankin Scale score 5) in addition to death, stratified by ICH Score, and compared. A secondary analysis of patients with ICH Score of 2 was performed in light of the primary results. Results Mortality rates stratified by ICH Score were notably lower than expected for low- and moderate-grade ICH compared with the original cohort. However, when defining a poor outcome as including severe disability (modified Rankin Scale score 5) in addition to death, the rates for poor outcomes were higher for patients with ICH Score of 2 (51.16% vs. 26%, P = 0.017) and no different for any other score group compared with the original cohort. Conclusions Though the original ICH Score overestimates mortality for low-grade and moderate-grade hemorrhages, it may underpredict severe disability.
Criterion Validity of a Computer Adaptive Universal Screener to an End-of-Year State Mathematics Assessment

The current study examined the criterion validity of a computer adaptive universal screener with an end-of-year state mathematics assessment using extant data provided by a local education agency. ...
Model-based Cost-effectiveness of State-level Latent Tuberculosis Interventions in California, Florida, New York, and Texas

Background Targeted testing and treatment (TTT) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a recommended strategy to accelerate TB reductions and further tuberculosis elimination in the United States (US). Evidence on cost-effectiveness of TTT for key populations can help advance this goal. Methods We used a model of TB transmission to estimate the numbers of individuals who could be tested by interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and treated for LTBI with three months of self-administered rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) under various TTT scenarios. Specifically, we considered rapidly scaling up TTT among people who are non-US-born, diabetic, HIV-positive, homeless or incarcerated in California, Florida, New York, and Texas - states where more than half of US TB cases occur. We projected costs (from the healthcare system perspective, in 2018 dollars), thirty-year reductions in TB incidence, and incremental cost effectiveness (cost per quality-adjusted life year [QALY] gained) for TTT in each modeled population. Results The projected cost effectiveness of TTT differed substantially by state and population, while the health impact (number of TB cases averted) was consistently greatest among the non-US-born. TTT was most cost-effective among persons living with HIV (from $2,828/QALY gained in Florida to $11,265/QALY gained in New York) and least cost-effective among people with diabetes (from $223,041/QALY gained in California to $817,753 /QALY in New York). Conclusions The modeled cost-effectiveness of TTT for LTBI varies across states but was consistently greatest among people living with HIV, moderate among people who are non-US-born, incarcerated, or homeless, and least cost-effective among people living with diabetes.
More Than a Footwedge: Golf-Specific Footwear Alters Muscle Activation Patterns During Standing Balance

Within a golf swing, one aspect that stands out in each phase is the ability to maintain balance. Previous reports suggest that extrinsic factors, such as footwear, and intrinsic factors, such as m...
Causal Network Accounts of Ill-Being: Depression & Digital Well-Being

Depression is a common and devastating instance of ill-being which deserves an account. Moreover, the ill-being of depression is impacted by digital technology: some uses of digital technology increase such ill-being while other uses of digital technology increase well-being. So a good account of ill-being would explicate the antecedents of depressive symptoms and their relief, digitally and otherwise. This paper borrows a causal network account of well-being and applies it to ill-being, particularly depression. Causal networks are found to provide a principled, coherent, intuitively plausible, and empirically adequate account of cases of depression in everyday and digital contexts. Causal network accounts of ill-being also offer philosophical, scientific, and practical utility. Insofar as other accounts of ill-being cannot offer these advantages, we should prefer causal network accounts of ill-being.
Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Screening and Detection.

Lung cancer is the leading worldwide cause of cancer mortality, as it is often detected at an advanced stage. Since 2011, low-dose CT scan–based screening has promised a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality. However, effectiveness of screening has been limited by eligibility only for a high-risk population of heavy smokers and a large number of false positives generated by CT. Biomarkers have tremendous potential to improve early detection of lung cancer by refining lung cancer risk, stratifying positive CT scans, and categorizing intermediate-risk pulmonary nodules. Three biomarker tests (Early CDT-Lung, Nodify XL2, Percepta) have undergone extensive validation and are available to the clinician. The authors discuss these tests, with their clinical applicability and limitations, current ongoing evaluation, and future directions for biomarkers in lung cancer screening and detection. See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Local Synodality: An Unnoticed Change

Orthodox theologians tend to associate synodality with its universal manifestations in ecumenical and pan-Orthodox councils, often based on the pattern of the Apostolic Council in Jerusalem. Such discussions focus on the relationships among bishops (who do not exercise their ministries in isolation) and between the bishop and his diocese. But I propose that we deal earnestly with an unnoticed change in ecclesiology, namely the emergence of the parish as the locus of the eucharistic assembly. Especially in North America, the synodal co-responsibility of priest and faithful reaches new dimensions in the parish, with its multitude of ministries exercised in communion. Particularly relevant are the decision-making and liturgical aspects of parish life. Episcopal synodality is most efficient at the level of autocephalous churches, although lay participation is greatly reduced in this case.
Performance Analysis of Secure Real-time Transport Protocol Using Elliptic Curves

The growing popularity of streaming audio/video is enhancing the popularity of real-time media applications and services. People use real-time media applications for voice/video calls as well. Real-time Transport Protocol is a well-known protocol solely used for real-time data transmission, which uses the Voice over IP technology. Nevertheless, like other Internet applications, the security aspect has become a significant issue for real-time media applications. To protect users’ privacy, real-time data such as streaming video or audio/video calls can be encrypted during the conversation. Some real-time applications use symmetric key encryption to protect the media data. However, this cannot ensure the security of real-time media. An asymmetric key encryption technique can be a better choice in this context. Among other asymmetric key encryption schemes, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) performs better due to its comparatively smaller key size and lesser computation time. We must choose the elliptic curves judiciously to encrypt the voice call, because audio encryption may increase end-to-end delay, which worsens the quality of the call. The appropriate elliptic curves can be chosen from a set of elliptic curves by analyzing their performance on real-time audio encryption. In this work, we have implemented an ECC based encryption technique in a softphone to encrypt real-time voice calls. We have used 15 elliptic curves to measure the performance of audio calls, and based on the result, have proposed some suitable elliptic curves for real-time audio encryption.
Healthcare Affordability and Associated Concerns Among Older Adults in Florida

Rising healthcare costs create significant financial burden for Americans and is a threat to the well-being of our growing, racially/ethnically diverse, older population. In a mixed method study, we assessed ability to afford care and ascertain concerns about healthcare cost in a racially diverse sample of Floridians ages ≥ 65. We surveyed 170 adults (40.4% White, 27.6% African Americans/Black and 31.8% Latino/Hispanic) and conducted three race-stratified focus groups (n=27). Most participants had Medicare coverage (97.1%) and 27% also had Medicaid. Approximately 11.6% of Whites had problems paying medical bills in the past 12 months versus 14.9% of African Americans/Blacks and 24.1% of Latino/Hispanics. Additionally, 13% of Whites, 19.2% of African Americans/Blacks and 20.4% of Hispanics reported not getting needed prescription drugs because they could not afford them. Approximately 45.7% either perceived that their doctor “never” takes into account costs for treatment or did not know whether costs were considered. Multiple regression analyses showed no statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in affordability problems. From the focus groups, healthcare cost concerns most frequently identified by participants were the high cost of prescriptions drug, rising co-pays and out of pocket expenses, and medical billing. Participants’ concerns about medical billing included understanding their bills, transparency in billing, timely posting of charges, and uncertainty about who to talk to about billing problems. Our findings suggest that routine discussions about healthcare costs with doctors or designated healthcare personnel should help ease financial burden and healthcare costs concerns among older adults.
Practical vs theoretical ethics: A response to Cox

In the recent article, "Descriptive and Normative Ethical Behavior Appear to be Functionally Distinct," the case was presented for an analysis of ethical conduct based on the Western philosophical approach derived from descriptive and normative ethics (Cox, 2020). The author conducted two experiments with graduate students evaluating whether these two approaches were functionally related. Participants gave forced-choice as well as free responses that were later hand-coded. Cox concluded that descriptive and normative ethics are functionally distinct. A critique of this general approach is offered based on a concern that this approach may not be steering the field in a direction that is ultimately useful for practitioners or relevant in therapeutic settings. Suggestions for future directions for practical ethical research are offered which, we might hope, should provide us with a better understanding of the variables controlling ethical conduct in practical situations.
Label-free analysis of micro-algae populations using a high-throughput holographic imaging flow cytometer and deep learning

We present a field-portable and high-throughput imaging flow-cytometer, which performs phenotypic analysis of microalgae using image processing and deep learning. This computational cytometer weighs ~1.6kg, and captures holographic images of water samples containing microalgae, flowing in a microfluidic channel at a rate of 100mL/h. Automated analysis is performed by extracting the spatial and spectral features of the reconstructed images to automatically identify/count the target algae within the sample, using image processing and convolutional neural networks. Changes within the measured features and the composition of the microalgae can be rapidly analyzed to reveal even minute deviations from the normal state of the population.
Case 37. Primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma with bullous manifestation

CD8 marker is not unique to primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma (pc CD8+ AECTCL). Moreover, it occurs in seven other entities presented in the following table. There is a certain clinical and morphological overlap of γδ-positive and CD8-positive cases. Due to various aberrant expression of CD56, TCRγ, and CD8 markers, it was suggested that the term “primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma” without specification may be better suited for those lymphomas. There is a range of CD8+ pseudolymphomas and CD8+ non-lymphomatous proliferations should be kept on a list of differential diagnosis such as actinic reticuloid, CD8+ drug-associated eruptions, and HIV-associated CD8+ LPD.
Spin-2 Kaluza-Klein mode scattering in models with a massive radion

Author(s): Chivukula, R Sekhar; Foren, Dennis; Mohan, Kirtimaan A; Sengupta, Dipan; Simmons, Elizabeth H | Abstract: We calculate tree-level scattering amplitudes of massive spin-2 KK particles in models of stabilized compact extra-dimensional theories. Naively introducing a mass for the radion in an extra-dimensional model without accounting for the dynamics responsible for stabilizing the extra dimension upsets the cancellations relating the masses and couplings of the spin-2 modes, resulting in KK scattering amplitudes which grow like $E^{4}$ instead of $E^{2}$. We therefore investigate scattering of the Kaluza-Klein states in theories incorporating the Goldberger-Wise mechanism to stabilize the size of the extra dimension. We demonstrate that the cancellations occur only when one includes not only the massive radion, but also the massive spin-0 modes arising from the Goldberger-Wise scalar. We compute the revised sum rules which are satisfied in a stabilized model to ensure a consistent high-energy scattering amplitude. We introduce a simple model of a stabilized extra dimension which is a small deformation of a flat (toroidal) five-dimensional model, and demonstrate the cancellations in computations performed to leading nontrivial order in the deformation. These results are the first complete KK scattering computation in an extra-dimensional model with a stabilized extra dimension, with implications for the theory and phenomenology of these models.