cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
State of the Art in Power Storage Composites

This paper presents a review on the latest developments in power storage composites. During the last decade, the need for multifunctional materials has grown steadily and has become a major priority as the demand for weight and, consequently, fuel consumption reduction, in ground and aerial vehicles, became critical. Accordingly, attempts have been made to develop structural materials that could incorporate specific devices, which would perform as sensors, for structural health monitoring, as actuators, for structural morphing capabilities, or as power harvesters, for supplementing existing power sources. Attempts have also been made to develop power storage composites, by embedding fuel cells, thin film lithium batteries, or capacitors in their structures. While it has been proven that these technologies are viable, the resulting structural materials exhibit significantly lower structural properties. To date, the most promising approach in power storage composites seems to be the development of structural load carrying capacitors. Such composites have the potential to provide good structural and electrical characteristics and can be easily manufactured.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Bioaugmentation with butane-utilizing microorganisms to promote in situ cometabolic treatment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethene.

Abstract A field study was performed to evaluate the potential for in-situ aerobic cometabolism of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) through bioaugmentation with a butane enrichment culture containing predominantly two Rhodococcus sp. strains named 179BP and 183BP that could cometabolize 1,1,1-TCA and 1,1-dicholoroethene (1,1-DCE). Batch tests indicated that 1,1-DCE was more rapidly transformed than 1,1,1-TCA by both strains with 183BP being the most effective organism. This second in a series of bioaugmentation field studies was conducted in the saturated zone at the Moffett Field In Situ Test Facility in California. In the previous test, bioaugmentation with an enrichment culture containing the 183BP strain achieved short term in situ treatment of 1,1-DCE, 1,1,1-TCA, and 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA). However, transformation activity towards 1,1,1-TCA was lost over the course of the study. The goal of this second study was to determine if more effective and long-term treatment of 1,1,1-TCA could be achieved through bioaugmentation with a highly enriched culture containing 179BP and 183BP strains. Upon bioaugmentation and continuous addition of butane and dissolved oxygen and or hydrogen peroxide as sources of dissolved oxygen, about 70% removal of 1,1,1-TCA was initially achieved. 1,1-DCE that was present as a trace contaminant was also effectively removed (∼ 80%). No removal of 1,1,1-TCA resulted in a control test leg that was not bioaugmented, although butane and oxygen consumption by the indigenous populations was similar to that in the bioaugmented test leg. However, with prolonged treatment, removal of 1,1,1-TCA in the bioaugmented leg decreased to about 50 to 60%. Hydrogen pexoxide (H 2 O 2 ) injection increased dissolved oxygen concentration, thus permitting more butane addition into the test zone, but more effective 1,1,1-TCA treatment did not result. The results showed bioaugmentation with the enrichment cultures was effective in enhancing the cometabolic treatment of 1,1,1-TCA and low concentrations of 1,1-DCE over the entire period of the 50-day test. Compared to the first season of testing, cometabolic treatment of 1,1,1-TCA was not lost. The better performance achieved in the second season of testing may be attributed to less 1,1-DCE transformation product toxicity, more effective addition of butane, and bioaugmentation with the highly enriched dual culture.
Shock tube determination of ignition delay times in full-blend and surrogate fuel mixtures

Abstract Autoignition characteristics of n-heptane/air, gasoline/air, and ternary surrogate/air mixtures were studied behind reflected shock waves in a high-pressure, low-temperature regime similar to that found in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine cycles. The range of experiments covered combustion of fuel in air for lean, stoichiometric, and rich mixtures ( Φ = 0.5 , 1.0, 2.0), two pressure ranges (15–25 and 45–60 atm), temperatures from 850 to 1280 K, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) loadings of (0, 20, and 30%). The ignition delay time measurements in n-heptane are in good agreement with the shock tube study of Fieweger et al. (Proc. Combust. Inst. 25 (1994) 1579–1585) and support the observation of a pronounced, low-temperature, NTC region. Strong agreement was seen between ignition delay time measurements for RD387 gasoline and surrogate (63% iso-octane/20% toluene/17% n-heptane by liquid volume) over the full range of experimental conditions studied. Ignition delay time measurements under fuel-lean ( Φ = 0.5 ) mixture conditions were longer than with Φ = 1.0 mixtures at both the low- (15–25 atm) and high- (45–60 atm) pressure conditions. Ignition delay times in fuel-rich ( Φ = 2.0 ) mixtures for both gasoline and surrogate were indistinguishable in the low-pressure (15–25 atm) range, but were clearly shorter at high-pressures (45–60 atm). EGR loading affected the ignition delay times similarly for both gasoline and surrogate, with clear trends indicating an increase in ignition delay time with increased EGR loading. This data set should provide benchmark targets for detailed mechanism validation and refinement under HCCI conditions.
Benchmarking leading supply chain management and logistics strategy journals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the supply chain management and logistics (SCML) strategy journals recently added to the Web of Science database to the performance of journals from other business disciplines also recently admitted to the Web of Science database on the Thomson Reuters selection process criteria.Design/methodology/approach – A benchmarking approach is used to examine the relative performance of SCML journals over a two‐year period.Findings – The two sets of journals' publishing standards and the number of citations for authors from the two groups are quite similar. Journals in the benchmark group had greater international diversity and balance among their authors, editors and editorial boards, while the SCML journals were cited more often in Web of Science and had lower self‐citation rates.Research limitations/implications – This study required a great deal of counting, and some of the data were collected multiple times to check for accuracy. Still, it i...
Therapy of severe hypertension complicated by renal failure

Abstract During the last decade we have observed a decrease in ocular manifestations and an increase in renal failure as the presenting complaint of severely hypertensive but inadequately treated patients. During the period from 1950 to 1952 more than four times as many patients had the ocular changes of malignant hypertension without azotemia as had azotemia without ocular changes. During 1958 to 1960, the latter combination of findings had become nearly four times as frequent as the former. Despite the grim prognosis associated with renal failure in severely hypertensive patients, approximately a tenth of those with moderate, and a third of those with mild azotemia survived for three years. Brief follow-up notes on three previously reported patients illustrate the occasional striking benefits of lowering markedly elevated diastolic pressures, even in the presence of renal failure. Finally, the benefits of therapy are reemphasized by a more complete report of a young malignant hypertensive white woman with moderate azotemia who has done well for a seven year-period which included a full-term pregnancy.
Minimally Invasive Therapies in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Anticoagulated Cases: A Study of Satisfaction and Safety

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated patient satisfaction with and the safety of vacuum therapy and self-injection during warfarin treatment of impotent men.Materials and Methods: In a 24-week prospective study 33 patients were assigned to vacuum therapy or intracavernous injections with crossover at 12 weeks. Patients maintained diaries, and were followed with physical examinations, coagulation studies and questionnaires.Results: Of the 33 patients 26 completed the study with 706 vacuum applications (mean 1.9 weekly) and 605 injections (mean 1.6 weekly). There were 11 acute minor complications with vacuum therapy (petechiae that resolved spontaneously) and no chronic complications. Only quality of climax was diminished with vacuum therapy. Self-injection resulted in acute minor complications (3 ecchymoses and 1 prolonged erection requiring intervention) and 1 chronic complication (corporeal fibrosis with mild curvature).Conclusions: The adverse effects of vacuum therapy and intracavernous self-injection in pati...
Sound velocities of olivine and beta polymorphs of Mg2SiO4 at Earth's transition zone pressures

Sound velocities of olivine (α) and beta (β) polymorphs of Mg2SiO4 are measured to P > 12 GPa at room temperature on polycrystalline samples in a multi-anvil apparatus using ultrasonic interferometry. The new velocity data for olivine are lower by 1% for P waves and 2% for S wave at transition zone pressures than extrapolations of low pressure (<1 GPa) data. However, the elastic bulk (KS) and shear (G) moduli for the polycrystalline olivine exhibit good agreement to 10 GPa with recent Brillouin scattering and ultrasonic data for single crystals. The velocity data for the polycrystalline beta phase at 12 GPa agree within 1% with Eulerian finite strain extrapolations of previous data by Gwanmesia et al. (1990b) for similar specimens. The pressure derivatives of the elastic moduli calculated by linear fittings to KS and G vs. pressure yield K0′ = 4.4 and G0′ = 1.3 for the olivine and K0′ = 4.2 and G0′ = 1.5 for the beta phases. The isothermal velocity contrast at room temperature between these two phases, (Vβ-Vαrpar;/Vα decreases systematically with increasing pressure, reaching 8.0% for P wave and 11.3% for S wave at pressures equivalent to 410 km depth.
Large angle beam steering on silicon nanomembrane

We present a phased waveguide array implementation on silicon-on-insulator based on non-uniform array design. Using individually controlled thermo-optic phase shifters, we demonstrate 31.9° beam steering in free space.
Anorectal Crohn 's Disease

Crohn's disease manifests with perianal or rectal symptoms in approximately one-third of patients, and is associated with a more aggressive natural history. Due to the chronic relapsing nature of the disease, surgery has been traditionally avoided. However, combined medical and surgical intervention when treating perianal fistulae has been shown to offer the best chance for success. Endoanal ultrasound examination or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging should be done in conjunction with an examination under anesthesia to characterize the disease. Any abscess should be drained and setons placed if there is active rectal inflammation or complex fistulae. Antibiotics and immunosuppressive therapy (especially with infliximab) should also be initiated. Simple fistulae can be treated surgically by fistulotomy or anal fistula plug. Complex fistulae can be closed with either an anal fistula plug or covered with flaps. Up to 20% of patients anorectal Crohn's disease require proctectomy for persistent and disabling disease.
Pharmacologic management of angina and acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract A concise overview of the pharmacologic management of chronic stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction is presented. Nitrates, β blockers, and calcium antagonists increase exercise tolerance and decrease symptoms in patients with chronic stable angina, and aspirin may prevent myocardial infarction. In unstable angina, aspirin reduces mortality; heparin may prevent myocardial infarction; and nitrates, β blockers, calcium antagonists, and heparin may decrease angina. In acute myocardial infarction, thrombolytic therapy, aspirin, β blockers, and intravenous nitrates may decrease mortality, whereas calcium antagonists do not affect mortality. Intravenous magnesium may decrease the incidence of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors after the acute phase of myocardial infarction may decrease mortality and prevent reinfarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
UV Light Potentiates STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes)-dependent Innate Immune Signaling through Deregulation of ULK1 (Unc51-like Kinase 1)

The mechanism by which ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight trigger or exacerbate the symptoms of the autoimmune disorder lupus erythematosus is not known but may involve a role for the innate immune system. Here we show that UV radiation potentiates STING (stimulator of interferon genes)-dependent activation of the immune signaling transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in response to cytosolic DNA and cyclic dinucleotides in keratinocytes and other human cells. Furthermore, we find that modulation of this innate immune response also occurs with UV-mimetic chemical carcinogens and in a manner that is independent of DNA repair and several DNA damage and cell stress response signaling pathways. Rather, we find that the stimulation of STING-dependent IRF3 activation by UV is due to apoptotic signaling-dependent disruption of ULK1 (Unc51-like kinase 1), a pro-autophagic protein that negatively regulates STING. Thus, deregulation of ULK1 signaling by UV-induced DNA damage may contribute to the negative effects of sunlight UV exposure in patients with autoimmune disorders.
Subtypes of reading disability.

Abstract Subtypes of reading disability were studied through the application of cluster analysis. A battery of 23 measures of reading, language, auditory and visual processing, memory, perceptual organization, and visual-motor coordination was administered to 65 reading-disabled children. The primary clustering technique was the K-means iterative partitioning method which yielded three clusters that were subsequently found to be stable and reproducible. The clusters were characterized by the following: (1) a visual processing deficit; (2) a generalized language disorder; and (3) a minimal deficit subtype. These subgroups were consistent with findings from previous investigations of subtypes of reading disability. The quality of the clusters was assessed through a series of evaluation techniques developed specifically for this purpose and through a cluster analysis of randomly generated data drawn from a normal distribution with the same covariance matrix as the actual data. These analyses indicated that t...
Reexamination of the Observed Decadal Variability of the Earth Radiation Budget Using Altitude-Corrected ERBE/ERBS Nonscanner WFOV Data

This paper gives an update on the observed decadal variability of Earth Radiation Budget using the latest altitude-corrected Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)/Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) Nonscanner Wide Field of View (WFOV) instrument Edition3 dataset. The effects of the altitude correction are to modify the original reported decadal changes in tropical mean (20N to 20S) longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and net radiation between the 1980s and the 1990s from 3.1/-2.4/-0.7 to 1.6/-3.0/1.4 Wm(sup -2) respectively. In addition, a small SW instrument drift over the 15-year period was discovered during the validation of the WFOV Edition3 dataset. A correction was developed and applied to the Edition3 dataset at the data user level to produce the WFOV Edition3_Rev1 dataset. With this final correction, the ERBS Nonscanner observed decadal changes in tropical mean LW, SW, and net radiation between the 1980s and the 1990s now stand at 0.7/-2.1/1.4 Wm(sup -2), respectively, which are similar to the observed decadal changes in the HIRS Pathfinder OLR and the ISCCP FD record; but disagree with the AVHRR Pathfinder ERB record. Furthermore, the observed interannual variability of near-global ERBS WFOV Edition3_Rev1 net radiation is found to be remarkably consistent with the latest ocean heat storage record for the overlapping time period of 1993 to 1999. Both data sets show variations of roughly 1.5 Wm(sup -2) in planetary net heat balance during the 1990s.
The psychological context of strategic decisions: A model and convergent experimental findings

Strategic decision-makers typically are involved in a series of incremental decisions, each affected by a variety of contextual factors. This papers develops a model of the psychological context of strategic decisions and reports two experiments. First, students made reinvestment decisions faced with success or failure feedback on a past decision, high or low perceived organizational slack, and decisions framed to depict a positive or negative future outlook. All three variables had main and interactive effects. Second, managers made similar decisions in a related experimental design. Results confirmed and extended the initial findings. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Role of controlled environments in suppression of postharvest diseases

(1985). Role of controlled environments in suppression of postharvest diseases. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 331-339.
The 3-dimensional, 4-channel model of human visual sensitivity to grayscale scrambles.

Previous research supports the claim that human vision has three dimensions of sensitivity to grayscale scrambles (textures composed of randomly scrambled mixtures of different grayscales). However, the preattentive mechanisms (called here ‘‘field-capture channels’’) that confer this sensitivity remain obscure. The current experiments sought to characterize the specific field-capture channels that confer this sensitivity using a task in which the participant is required to detect the location of a small patch of one type of grayscale scramble in an extended background of another type. Analysis of the results supports the existence of four field-capture channels: (1) the (previously characterized) ‘‘blackshot’’ channel, sharply tuned to the blackest grayscales; (2) a (previously unknown) ‘‘gray-tuned’’ field-capture channel whose sensitivity is zero for black rising sharply to maximum sensitivity for grayscales slightly darker than mid-gray then decreasing to half-height for brighter grayscales; (3) an ‘‘up-ramped’’ channel whose sensitivity is zero for black, increases linearly with increasing grayscale reaching a maximum near white; (4) a (complementary) ‘‘down-ramped’’ channel whose sensitivity is maximal for black, decreases linearly reaching a minimum near white. The sensitivity functions of field-capture channels (3) and (4) are linearly dependent; thus, these four field-capture channels collectively confer sensitivity to a 3-dimensional space of histogram variations.
‘That's not treating you as a professional’: teachers constructing complex professional identities through talk

Public debates about the role of teachers and teacher performance place teachers at the center of a range of national and local discourses. The notion of teacher professional identity, therefore, framed in a variety of ways, engages people across social contexts, whether as educators, parents, students, taxpayers, voters or consumers of news and popular media. These highly contested discourses about teachers' roles and responsibilities constitute an important context for research on teachers and teaching, as researchers and educators ask how changes to the teaching profession affect teacher professional identity. This article investigates the identity talk of three mid‐career teachers in an urban, public school in the USA, to better understand how the teachers used language to accomplish complex professional identities. Research approaches to teacher identity often focus on teacher narrative as a key tool in identity formation. The analysis presented here extends our understanding of language as a resourc...
The Institutional Digital Divide

Concerns about a digital divide in U.S. politics that separates those who have and do not have access to technology have persisted for decades. Those concerns are prominent for immigrants and ethnoracial minorities who have tended to participate in politics, in general, and digital politics, in particular, at lower levels than others. Less attention has focused on the role representative nonprofits play in using technology to share political information and whether there is an institutional dimension to the digital divide. This article examines the adoption of social media by immigrant-serving nonprofits in the context of mobilization around elections. The findings suggest that responding organizations have adopted social media slowly and that key internal and external factors seem to relate to social media adoption. Hispanic American organizations were the fastest to adopt social media and have continued to be a technology leader. However, certain immigrant communities, especially the Asian American community, have been particularly slow to adopt social media suggesting that a digital divide exists within the population of immigrant-serving nonprofit organizations. These findings can be used by the leaders and managers of nonprofits to inform future decisions about the integration of technology into their operations.
Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of Micelle-Forming Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Containing N-Acryloylvaline. Dual Mode, Temperature/pH Responsiveness, and “Locking” of Micelle Structure through Interpolyelectrolyte Complexation†

Temperature- and pH-responsive, micelle-forming, amphiphilic block copolymers were prepared from N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), and N-acryloylvaline (AVAL) utilizing aqueous reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A series of block copolymers were synthesized by employing DMA as a macro-chain transfer agent to mediate the statistical copolymerization of NIPAM with AVAL. Structural organization and solution behavior were investigated utilizing dynamic light scattering, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It has been demonstrated that the critical micellization temperature for the block polymers can be tuned to range from ≈10 to 36 °C by adjusting the solution pH. Micelles with apparent hydrodynamic diameters from 45 to 86 nm are formed between pH 2 and 5. Above pH 5, a sufficient number of the AVAL units are deprotonated which prevents micellization. The extent of pH and temperature changes on the apparent hyd...
Some notes on handling errors in APL

This paper explains the original method used at the University of Massachusetts for allowing APL programs to handle their own errors (Section 1). It then discusses the changes that were made to improve the method (Section 2). Remaining problems are discussed in Section 3.It is not the purpose of this paper to convince the reader that the facilities discussed here are needed. This has been addressed elsewhere [1, 2, 3].This paper was first presented informally at the Queen's APL Workshop, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (May 1976). It was revised in October 1977.
Quantum Simulations on a Quantum Computer

We present a general scheme for performing a simulation of the dynamics of one quantum system using another. This scheme is used to experimentally simulate the dynamics of truncated quantum harmonic and anharmonic oscillators using nuclear magnetic resonance. We believe this to be the first explicit physical realization of such a simulation.
Perylenequinone Natural Products: Total Synthesis of Hypocrellin A

An efficient and stereoselective total synthesis of the perylenequinone natural product hypocrellin A (1) is described. The key features include a potentially biomimetic 1,8-diketone aldol cyclization to set the centrochiral C7,C7'-stereochemistry, bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene mediated oxygenation, a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation, and an enantioselective catalytic oxidative 2-naphthol coupling to establish the biaryl axial chirality. The helical stereochemistry is formed from an axial chiral intermediate and is then utilized in a dynamic stereochemical transfer to dictate the stereochemistry of the C7,C7'-seven membered ring formed during the aldol cyclization.
A dual-band microstrip crossover and its miniaturization

This paper presents a dual-band microstrip crossover and its miniaturization. The proposed dual-band crossover works at 0.9 / 2.45 GHz, and the miniaturized crossover reduced 68% of the overall area of the original design. Moreover, analytical design equations are derived using the even-odd mode method. The final explicit design equations are concise. To verify the design concepts, a miniaturized dual-band crossover working at 0.9 / 2.45 GHz is simulated. The simulation results agree well with the concept.
PLASMA AND BRAIN LEVELS OF PHENOBARBITAL AND DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN IN KEONATES WITH SEIZURES

Utilizing the EMIT system we have determined phenobarbital and diphenylbydantoin levels in 77 neonates with seizures. In addition, brain tissue was obtained for diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital levels in ten neonates coming to autopsy. Following intravenous loading doses of 15-20mg/kg of phenobarbital, levels of 19.4 ± 3.4 mg/L were achieved. The volume of distribution of phenobarbital was 0.97 ± 0.20 L/kg and was not influenced by gestational age. Following intravenous loading doses of 15-20 mg/kg of diphenylhydantoin, levels of 14.9 ± 2.8 mgm/L were achieved. The volume of distribution of diphenylhydantoin was 1.19 ± 0.19 L/kg. Maintenance doses of 5 mg/kg/d IV, IM or PO phenobarbital or 5 mg/kg/d IV dlphenylhydantoin resulted in accumulation of each agent in the first seven days of therapy. Although the volume of distribution of both agents is significantly greater in the newborn than the adult, the brain to plasma ratio was significantly less in the newborn. It would appear that therapeutic brain concentrations of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin are difficult to achieve even when large loading doses of these agents are used.
Laryngeal muscle and motor neuron plasticity in Xenopus laevis: testicular masculinization of a developing neuromuscular system.

In Xenopus laevis, the sexual differentiation of the neuromuscular system responsible for courtship song is controlled by testicular androgen secretion. To explore the sensitivity of this system to androgenic stimulation, male and female frogs were gonadectectomized and given testis transplants at seven different developmental stages between the end of metamorphosis and adulthood, grown to sexual maturity, and the laryngeal muscle fibers and motor axons were counted. Muscle fiber and axon numbers in males were not affected by the testicular transplant at any stage. In females, testicular transplants at all developmental stages increased muscle fiber numbers in adulthood. Values attained were, however, significantly less than those of adult intact or testis-transplanted males. Testis transplantation increased laryngeal axon numbers in females to levels equivalent to those of intact males; this effect was obtained at every stage of postmetamorphic development including adulthood. To further explore androgen regulation in adults, males and females were gonadectomized and implanted with silicone tubes containing testosterone propionate for 1.5–3 years and laryngeal muscle fibers and axon numbers compared to those of gonadectomized or sham-operated adult controls. Neither treatment with exogenous androgen nor gonadectomy had any effect on laryngeal muscle fiber or axon number in either males or females; values did not differ from those of sham-operated controls. We conclude that testicular secretions can induce laryngeal muscle fiber and axon addition in females throughout postmetamorphic life. This degree of plasticity, exhibited after the period when adult values are normally attained, stands in contrast to the effects of administration of synthetic androgen and suggests that the degree of plasticity in adult females may be underestimated if exogenous hormones rather than testicular transplants are provided. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The acute and long-term effect of olanzapine compared with placebo and haloperidol on serum prolactin concentrations

Prolactin elevation is both a common and a persistent event with the currently marketed antipsychotics, excluding clozapine. Elevations have been associated with both acute (galactorrhea, amenorrhea) and chronic (predisposition to osteoporosis) treatment-emergent adverse events. One of the defining criteria for an atypical antipsychotic is the relative lack of persistent prolactinemia. A double-blind, placebo- (N = 68) and haloperidol- (Hal: 15 +/- 5 mg/day, N = 69) controlled trial of three dose ranges of olanzapine (Olz-L: 5 +/- 2.5 mg/day, N = 65; Olz-M: 10 +/- 2.5 mg/day, N = 64; Olz-H: 15 +/- 2.5 mg/day, N = 69) in the treatment of schizophrenia afforded the opportunity to assess the temporal course of the influence of olanzapine and haloperidol on serum prolactin concentration. Consistent with its potent D2 antagonism, haloperidol was associated with a statistically significantly higher incidence of treatment-emergent prolactin elevation (72%) than seen with placebo (8%; p < 0.001) at week 2 of therapy. Expectedly, this elevation was also persistent at weeks 4 and 6. In contrast, olanzapine-associated treatment-emergent prolactin elevations were both lower in magnitude and transient. At week 2, 38% of the Olz-H, 24% of the Olz-M, and 13% of the Olz-L treatment groups exhibited a treatment-emergent prolactin elevation, with a mean increase of 0.35, 0.52, and 0.61 nmol/l, respectively; for haloperidol the mean increase was 1.23 nmol/l. For only the Olz-M and the Olz-H treatment groups did the week 2 incidence of treatment-emergent prolactin elevations differ statistically significantly from placebo. Both the incidence of elevations and the mean increase, in prolactin concentration were less than that seen with haloperidol. Furthermore, by treatment week 6, all three olanzapine groups exhibited incidences of treatment-emergent prolactin elevation that were comparable to placebo and were statistically significantly less than observed with haloperidol. Rapid adaptation was observed in the temporal course of prolactin elevations associated with olanzapine based on both the categorical analysis of treatment-emergent high values and the analyses of temporal change in mean concentrations. In contrast to haloperidol, the magnitudes of the treatment-emergent elevations associated with olanzapine were minimal. The rates of elevation were approximately one-half to one-third those observed with haloperidol and were significantly more transient. Olanzapine, even at the highest doses (15 +/- 2.5 mg/day) used, was not associated with persistent elevations of prolactin, consistent with an 'atypical' pharmacologic profile.
Modulatory activities of wound fluid on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis.

Several different cell types play a role in the regulatory mechanisms involved in wound healing. A rat wound model was used to evaluate temporal changes in the cellular infiltrate, histology, and effects of wound fluid (WF) on fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis in vitro. Polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted in male Sprague/Dawley rats and harvested after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days. Rat wound fibroblasts were cultured in different media with 10 or 20% WF pooled from five or more rats from each time interval, and then pulsed with [3H]thymidine. Days 1 through 5 WF stimulated proliferation, whereas Days 10 and 15 WF inhibited proliferation. Stimulatory activity was found in the >300 kDa molecular weight fraction; inhibitory activity was in the <10 kDa molecular weight fraction. Ten percent WF from both Day 1 and Day 15 sponges exerted a stimulatory effect in incubated fibroblasts on collagen production, measured as protein-bound [3H]hydroxyproline. Fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis appeared to be independently regulated functions. Fibroblasts were stimulated by the wound environment to proliferate for about 1 week after injury, at which point further growth was inhibited, while collagen production was maintained.
Assessing the effectiveness of direct injection for ocean carbon sequestration under the influence of climate change

[1] This paper studies the effect of climate change on simulated efficiency of carbon injection at different locations and ocean depths using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, ISAM-2.5D. Following the OCMIP carbon sequestration protocol, we carried out a series of carbon injection simulations. The ISAM results show that warming over the next 500 years under the IPCC S650 and WRE1000 stabilization scenarios could change the ocean circulation and thereby increases the residence time of CO2 disposed into the deep ocean, particularly for Atlantic injection. However, the warming does not have a significant effect on carbon injections into the Pacific and Indian Oceans, where circulation change is small. This new finding contrasts with previous OGCM results.
John Elliott Nafe (1914–1996)

John Elliott Nafe, known for his many pioneering contributions to seismological research, died on April 6 at his home in Vancouver, British Columbia. He had been an AGU Fellow since 1962. A physicist by training, Nafe proposed several important seismological concepts. In 1958, he was the first to demonstrate that sound waves could travel around the globe through the ocean. With colleague Charles L. Drake, he developed the Nafe-Drake Curve, which relates the velocity of sound through rock to the rock's density. He was one of several pioneering researchers at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, who in the 1940s and 1950s began profiling the Earth's crust at different points around the globe—an effort that eventually resulted in the tectonic plate theory of continental movement.
Establishment and in vitro endocrine function of neonatal pancreatic homografts in nondiabetic golden hamsters.

Homologous neonatal pancreas was grafted into the cheek pouches of young and adult female golden hamsters 21 and 100 days of age, respectively, some of which were treated sequentially with cortisone and tolbutamide or chlorpropamide. Forty days after implantation, each homograft was evaluated cytochemically by means of aldehyde fuchsin (AF) and functionally by assessing the in vitro release of insulin-like activity (ILA) or immunoreactive insulin (IRI) measured, respectively, by means of the rat epididymal fat pad bioassay or a standard double antibody radioimmunoassay procedure. The cy tostructure and estimated number of constituent islets determined in serial sections and the rate of ILA release for each homograft were related to the treatment of the respective host. Homografts became established irrespective of supportive drug therapy and histologically consisted predominantly of adipose tissue containing cytochemically identifiable AF+ beta cells organized as discrete, diffusely scattered islets but w...
PECS training for mands may lead to the emergence of other untrained verbal operants in adults with severe disabilities, but the comparison of PECS and manual-sign training is compromised

What are effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) versus manual-sign training in adults with severe developmental disabilities on: (1) The acquisition and generalization of mands...
New inversion formulas for matrices classified in terms of their distance from Toeplitz matrices

The problem of solving linear equations, or equivalently of inverting matrices, arises in many fields. Efficient recursive algorithms for finding the inverses of Toeplitz or displacement-type matrices have been known for some time. By introducting a way of characterizing matrices in terms of their “distance” from being Toeplitz, a natural extension of these algorithms is obtained. Several new inversion formulas for the representation of the inverse of non-Toeplitz matrices are also presented.
Numerical database system based on a weighted search tree

An on-line numerical database system, that is based on the concept of a weighted search tree and which functions like a file directory, is introduced. The system, which is designed to aid in reducing time-consuming redundant calculations in numerically intensive computations, can be used to fetch, insert and delete items from a dynamically generated list in optimal [O(log n) where n is the number of items in the list] time. Items in the list are ordered according to a priority queue with the initial priority for each element set either automatically or by an user supplied algorithm. The priority queue is updated on-the-fly to reflect element hit frequency. Items can be added to a database so long as there is space to accommodate them, and when there is not, the lowest priority element(s) is removed to make room for an incoming element(s) with higher priority. The system acts passively and therefore can be applied to any number of databases, with the same or different structures, within a single application.
Training and working in high-stakes environments: lessons learned and problems shared by aviators and surgeons.

Surgeons and naval aviators are both trained to work in high-stakes environments. Any misadventure in either of their working worlds can lead to death. Yet the pathways to certification and implicit attitudes toward training are quite different in these 2 disciplines and provide an opportunity to compare and contrast the methodologies employed. At the 5th annual Innovations in the Surgical Environments Conference, senior and junior aviators and surgeons shared their experiences from the perspective of trainee and trainer and in the process presented an interesting study in parallels and contrasts. The US Navy follows a highly regimented training syllabus with graduated levels of responsibility designed to create the safest possible flying environment. Extensive preflight and postflight effort is required for each mission flown. Surgical training is also hierarchal in responsibility, but graduates demonstrate greater variability in their training experience. The surgical field can only fortify its emphasis...
Bioluminescent-bioreporter integrated circuits form novel whole-cell biosensors

The bioluminescent-bioreporter integrated circuit represents a new advance in the development of whole-cell biosensors, consisting of a genetically engineered bioreporter organism interfaced with an integrated circuit. The bioreporter is engineered to luminesce when a targeted substance is encountered, with the circuit being designed to detect this luminescence, process the signal and communicate the results. The bioreporters are thus available to the circuit designer as another component, analogous to a transistor or a resistor, albeit a living entity. The concept has been demonstrated using Pseudomonas putida TVA8 to sense the environmental pollutant toluene.
Traditionally Heterogendered Institutions: Discourses Surrounding LGBTQ College Students

The past two decades witnessed an increase in college and university programming for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students. This programming has been evaluated in campus climate surveys and in some cases institutionalized as a key component of student life. While these efforts demonstrate increasing awareness and support for LGBTQ students, the ways in which these programs may or may not sustain traditional notions of sexuality, gender, and even race and class have not been studied. We propose institutions of higher education rely on a conceptual framework that systematically sustains heterogendered hierarchies, regardless of diversity programming, prevalence of diversity education on campus, and existence of inclusive policies and institutionalized support for LGBTQ students. Utilizing critical discourse and narrative analysis, we present an emerging theoretical proposition that reconceptualizes campus culture to elucidate how traditional notions of gender and sexuality construc...
A compact spiral loaded planar dipole antenna with frequency reconfiguration

A compact planar dipole antenna is achieved by spiral loading and meandering the dipole arms Next, for this spiral loaded dipole (SLD) antenna, frequency configurability is investigated using ideal copper ribbon switches. The frequencies of interests are 750MHz, 1800MHz and 2400MHz. is the prototype antenna with these ideal switches was fabricated and experimental verification was performed and some of which are included in this paper.
The smallest prime that splits completely in an abelian number field

Let K/Q be an abelian extension and let D be the absolute value of the discriminant of K. We show that for each e > 0, the smallest rational prime that splits completely in K is O(D 1 4 ). Here the implied constant depends only on e and the degree of K. This generalizes a theorem of Elliott, who treated the case when K/Q has prime conductor.
Screening for Hematuria-Reply

In Reply.— Both correspondents seem confident that dipstick screening for hematuria will do more good than harm. Dr Lambird's analysis of costs and benefits is based on several unwarranted assumptions. His estimates of the rates of positive screening tests and the likelihood of disease among those who screen positive apparently are derived by summing the five studies listed in Table 1 of our original article. This approach gives undue weight to two large studies that included predominantly young male military recruits with very low rates of hematuria. Hence, he markedly understates the morbidity and cost associated with unnecessary workups. Similarly, he ignores potential ill effects from radiation exposure, the equivalent of about 15 chest roentgenograms per intravenous pyelogram. Finally, his estimates of increased cure rates due to early detection are purely speculative. Overall, the predominance of evidence suggests that in those younger than age 60 years, dipstick testing for hematuria
Structural Constraints and European Crisis

Europe at Bay: In the Shadow of US Hegemony. By Cafruny Alan W., J. Magnus Ryner. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2007. 169 pp., $18.95 (ISBN-13: 978-1-58826-537-1). Europe at Bay is a provocative book that directly challenges the dominant perspective regarding the place of the European Union in the global arena. This view, represented by a wide array of literature from popular bestsellers (Reid 2004 and Rifkin 2004) to more scholarly treatments (McCormick 2006) heralds a new era when the European Union not only challenges US hegemony, but actually supplants it in many non-military realms. Even with regard to the role of the dollar as the world's dominant currency, it is noteworthy that analysts are speculating about the future of the euro as a significant rival (Hosli 2005). In this book, Cafruny and Ryner make a compelling case for a different view, however, on that is far more pessimistic about the ability of the European Union to break away from its dependency on the US, let alone break new ground in European and global affairs. Their central argument, much in line with Dependency Theory, is that the structures of global finance favor the US and that US Neo-Liberal ideology has permeated the European financial elite in direct contradiction to longstanding political commitments to the European social model. The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), which resulted in the creation of the euro, has highly supranational features which are embodied in the European Central Bank and its monetary policies. European monetary policies are Neo-Liberal in their orientation, and this, the authors claim, is due to the importation of US Neo-Liberal ideologies and the desire for European exchange rate stability in reaction to the dominance of the dollar and its volatility in the 1970s. Moreover, the central bankers that designed the EMU serve primarily “economic management” and not “societal legitimation,” pursuing monetary policy that is oriented toward capital accumulation in reaction to US led policies (p. …
Study of an asymmetric flap nozzle as a thrust-vectoring device

The problem of isentropic flow through an asymmetric two-dimensional convergent nozzle as a thrustvectoring device has been solved by the method of hodograph transformation coupled with finite-difference computation. With the given appropriate flow parameters, the solution was first established in the hodograph domain. The corresponding nozzle configuration and the flowfield properties were subsequently obtained through direct integration. The thrust-vectoring performance corresponding to specific nozzle geometries were also determined and presented. Experiments for specific nozzle configurations were also conducted to obtain pressure data along the nozzle walls for verification purposes. The numerical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Do sampling method and sample size affect basic measures of dolphin sociality

Although the fission-fusion social patterns of bottlenose dolphins have been described, defining and measuring sociality is difficult. No study to date has investigated how much data are necessary to accurately depict social patterns in a fission-fusion species and whether this amount differs depending on the measure used. Using the long-term Shark Bay bottlenose dolphin study we examined four different measures of sociality for mothers and dependent calves (n = 89). Our objectives were to determine (1) the amount of observation time necessary to accurately depict sociality using these measures, (2) correlations among these measures, and (3) if sampling method affects the validity of sociality measurements. A minimum of 10 h and 5 h of observations, respectively, were necessary to accurately capture calf associate numbers and percent time alone. A pairwise comparison of calf sociality measurements from focal and survey data found that calves spent from 0% to 70.2% of their time alone in focal data, but these same calves spent only 0%-7.7% alone in survey data. These findings indicate that (1) results differ depending on the type of sampling method and (2) the amount of observation time necessary to adequately capture individual variation differs depending on the measure of sociality.
The morbidity of perineal wounds following abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma

The clinical charts of 44 patients who underwent an abdominoperineal resection for adenocarcinoma of the rectum at Roswell Park Memorial Institute were retrospectively reviewed. The morbidity of an open perineal wound versus the closed perineal wound were evaluated. All of the patients received a Nichol's bowel preparation and following the abdominal portion of the dissection reperitonealization of the pelvic floor was performed. The overall morbidity for the open perineal wounds was 21% compared to a morbidity of 63% for the perineal wounds that were closed primarily. The mean length of hospitalization from the time of abdominoperineal resection was 21 days for the open perineal group and 22 days for the closed perineal group. The inclusion of wound sinus tracts in our morbidity assessment may explain the higher complication rate of the closed wound group than previously reported in the literature. This retrospective review emphasizes that the morbidity of the open perineal wound following abdominoperineal resection has been overemphasized. One is trading a potentially increased incidence of septic wound complications in the closed perineum for a protracted wound closure in the open perineum.