cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reentrainment Impairs Spatial Working Memory until Both Activity Onset and Offset Reentrain.

Compression of the active phase (α) during reentrainment to phase-shifted light-dark (LD) cycles is a common feature of circadian systems, but its functional consequences have not been investigated. This study tested whether α compression in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) impaired their spatial working memory as assessed by spontaneous alternation (SA) behavior in a T-maze. Animals were exposed to a 1- or 3-h phase delay of the LD cycle (16 h light/8 h dark). SA behavior was tested at 4 multiday intervals after the phase shift, and α was quantified for those days. All animals failed at the SA task while α was decompressing but recovered spatial memory ability once α returned to baseline levels. A second experiment exposed hamsters to a 2-h light pulse either early or late at night to compress α without phase-shifting the LD cycle. SA behavior was impaired until α decompressed to baseline levels. In a third experiment, α was compressed by changing photoperiod (LD 16:8, 18:6, 20:4) to see if absolute...
The Origin and Properties of Dust Impacting the Earth

The Earth accretes a complex variety of materials from space, currently accumulating at a rate of approximately 40,000 tons per year. The matter originates from comets, asteroids, the Moon, and the interstellar medium, although the relative contributions from these sources vary with both time and particle size. The particles from comets and asteroids are generally primitive solar system materials that are fine grained and commonly have elemental compositions close to CI chondrites. Although they are similar in elemental composition to primitive meteorites, many of the particles differ considerably in mineralogical composition. Incoming particles undergo a wide range of thermal transformation in the atmosphere depending on their size, composition, entry velocity, and entry angle. The final particulates that arrive at the Earth’s surface include 10 nm meteor condensates, cosmic spherules that totally melted during atmospheric entry, partly melted particles, and particles that survived atmospheric entry without any melting. In the terrestrial sediment environment, the particles are altered to differing degrees depending on the environment and the size and nature of the particles.
Sex difference in rate of ring A reduction of delta 4-3-keto-steroids in vitro by rat liver.

Homogenates of livers from adult female rats reduce Ring A of Δ4-3-ketosteroids at rates 3 to 10 times greater than those from males. This large sex difference has been observed for all substrates so far tested: aldosterone, desoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, cortisone, corticosterone, testosterone and progesterone. It consists of a much greater concentration of the microsomal Δ4-5α-steroid hydrogenases in the livers of females and does not involve any sex difference in availability of reduced pyridine nucleotides, nor the presence of activators in the females or inhibitors in the males. Castration increases and testosterone decreases Δ4-steroid hydrogenase activity in males. In females, neither castration nor estrogen administration had appreciable effect. However, a striking non-gonadal process leads to an increase in activity in both sexes during growth. The sex difference is still present, although diminished, in animals castrated when young—before the difference has appeared—and then allowed to gr...
Inactivation of Poliovirus 1, as a Function of Temperature, in Mixed Human and Dairy Animal Wastes:

Abstract Mixing septic tank effluent with stored animal waste for discharge to land has been proposed as an alternative on-site sewage treatment and disposal method. Potential hazards to public health include parasites, bacteria, and viruses. The inactivation of a human enteric virus (poliovirus 1) was studied in a laboratory model simulating the storage of septic tank effluent combined with dairy animal waste. D values (times for 90% reduction of titer) at 5, 15 and 25 °C for inoculated poliovirus 1 were 102, 71 and 22 days in phosphate-buffered saline; 80, 72 and 19 days in septic tank effluent; and 19, 20 and 17 days for septic tank effluent mixed with dairy manure slurry. Temperature and the mixed waste treatment appear to be the dominant factors in viral inactivation in these experiments.
Approach for Obtaining Unbiased Laser Doppler Velocimetry Data in Highly Turbulent Flows

Laser Doppler velocimetry has become the most prevalent of the nonintrusive optical flow measuring techniques. However, the accuracy of the velocity measurements in highly turbulent flowfields suffers from velocity biasing. In this study an extension to Stevenson and Thompson's direct signal processing approach, constant time-interval sampling, has been implemented and verified. An easily measurable time interval was used to provide an indication of when the proper ratio of seeding rate and sampling rate had been achieved to yield constant time-interval sampling. A design for a seeder to provide sufficient TiO2 seeding is also discussed. Nomenclature H = step height N = requested number of data samples r = radial measurement coordinate R = inlet radius
EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND MALE AND FEMALE EYESTALK ABLATION ON REPRODUCTION OF Penaeus stylirostris AND P. vannamei

This 97-day study, conducted during midwinter using a recirculating water system, was designed to evaluate the effect of light intensity and male and female eyestalk ablation on reproduction of P. vannamei and P. stylirostris. Four light intensities were established using various levels of fluorescent lighting (bright, 14.7 μEm-2s-1; moderate, 4.4 μEm-2s-1; dim, 0.6 μEm-2s-1; and dark, 0.0 μEm-2s-1) and the fifth consisted of artificial lighting supplemented with natural light through a translucent skylight (skylight, 4.7–9.3 μEm-2s-1). Unilateral eyestalk ablation was performed on all male P. vannamei in one of each pair of tanks within a treatment. In addition, half of the females in each tank were unilaterally ablated. Ovarian maturation, spawning, molting rate, and survival were monitored daily within each tank. Growth and gonad development were measured at termination. The optimum light intensity for P. stylirostris appeared to be lower than that for P. vannamei. P. stylirostris matured and spawned more frequently in the skylight and dim treatments than in the moderate, dark, and bright treatments. P. vannamei matured and spawned more frequently in the skylight, bright, and moderate treatments than in the dim and dark treatments. Natural light supplementation beneficially affected reproduction of both species. Male eyestalk ablation increased gonad size and doubled mating frequency of P. vannamei in comparison to unablated controls. This is the first documentation of increased penaeid shrimp reproduction by unilateral eyestalk ablation of males. Even more significant may be recognition that male gonadal development is a limiting factor in reproduction of shrimp in captivity.
Effect of cylindrical geometry on the wet thermal oxidation of AlAs

We have investigated the wet thermal oxidation of AlAs in cylindrical geometry, a typical configuration for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Through both experiment and theoretical calculations, we demonstrate a significantly different time dependence for circular mesas from what has been reported in the literature both in studies of stripes and in a study of circular mesas. We attribute this different time dependence to the effect of geometry on the oxidation.
Two rat models of hepatic fibrosis. A morphologic and molecular comparison.

Abstract We present a morphologic and molecular comparison of two models of hepatic fibrosis. Immune complexes are the source of insult in one model. In the other model, CCl4 induces fibrosis. For the immune complex model, rats were immunized intraperitoneally over the course of 4 weeks with human albumin, then injected through a tail vein three times a week for at least 5 more weeks with the same albumin. Seventy-five percent of all treated animals developed fibrosis characterized by fine collagen bands. There was a mild degree of hepatocyte trapping and necrosis as well as some bile duct hyperplasia and tissue eosinophilia. However, there was no significant Kupffer cell hyperplasia or inflammatory reaction. Quantification of specific mRNA species was determined by Northern blot hybridization analysis of total RNA. In comparison with CCl4-induced fibrosis in rats, a hepatotoxin-mediated model with a much greater inflammatory response, this immune complex model showed a less pronounced increase in type I procollagen mRNA, but a relatively greater increase in types III and IV procollagen mRNA. Whereas transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA levels were markedly increased in CCl4-induced fibrosis, there was only a slight increase in this cytokine, known to stimulate type I collagen synthesis, in the immune complex model. A comparison of the two model systems indicates that a variety of mechanisms may be involved in the process of hepatic fibrogenesis. It appears that an inflammatory response and elevated transforming growth factor-beta 1 levels are associated with a marked increased synthesis of type I collagen in a hepatotoxin model while other, as yet undefined, mediators may be responsible for the increase in types III and IV procollagen mRNA species found in the immune complex model.
Use of Humanized Mice to Study the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

Animal models of disease have been used extensively by the research community for the past several decades to better understand the pathogenesis of different diseases and assess the efficacy and toxicity of different therapeutic agents. Retrospective analyses of numerous preclinical intervention studies using mouse models of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases reveal a generalized failure to translate promising interventions or therapeutics into clinically effective treatments in patients. Although several possible reasons have been suggested to account for this generalized failure to translate therapeutic efficacy from the laboratory bench to the patient's bedside, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the mouse immune system is substantially different from the human. Indeed, it is well known that >80 major differences exist between mouse and human immunology; all of which contribute to significant differences in immune system development, activation, and responses to challenges in innate and adaptive immunity. This inconvenient reality has prompted investigators to attempt to humanize the mouse immune system to address important human-specific questions that are impossible to study in patients. The successful long-term engraftment of human hematolymphoid cells in mice would provide investigators with a relatively inexpensive small animal model to study clinically relevant mechanisms and facilitate the evaluation of human-specific therapies in vivo. The discovery that targeted mutation of the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain in lymphopenic mice allows for the long-term engraftment of functional human immune cells has advanced greatly our ability to humanize the mouse immune system. The objective of this review is to present a brief overview of the recent advances that have been made in the development and use of humanized mice with special emphasis on autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, we discuss the use of these unique mouse models to define the human-specific immunopathological mechanisms responsible for the induction and perpetuation of chronic gut inflammation.
Mark Retention of Calcein in Cisco and Bloater

AbstractSince 2012, a multi-agency initiative to restore these native forage species has been under way. Evaluating the restoration success of Cisco Coregonus artedi and Bloater C. hoyi in Lake Ontario waters requires methods to identify stocked fish. However, juvenile Cisco and Bloater are fragile; thus, mass marking techniques that reduce the handling of individual fish are required and have not previously been evaluated. In 2014–2015 we evaluated the usefulness of calcein (SE-MARK) as a marker on bony structures, including the otolith. Juvenile Bloater and Cisco (14, 100, 128 d old) were immersed in a calcein bath at 5,000 mg/L of water for 4 min to apply the chemical marker. Observations of the marking retention were evaluated 8 d following the treatment. All fish immersed in calcein had strong brilliant marks (rating scale 3) on all bony structures including scales, fin rays, jaw bones, and vertebrate. The otolith was the only hard structure that did not show a brilliant marking due to the opaque nat...
Comparative analysis of electrostatic potential maxima and minima on molecular surfaces, as determined by three methods and a variety of basis sets

Abstract We have computed the most positive and most negative values of the electrostatic potentials on the surfaces of a series of molecules, some of which contain atoms from the second and third rows of Groups IV, VI and VII. Three different methods were used – Hartree-Fock and the density functional B3LYP and M06-2X – in conjunction with numerous basis sets of various sizes. Our objectives were (a) to assess the degrees to which the different procedures gave comparable results, and (b) to ascertain which procedures best combine reliability with computational efficiency. Our primary conclusions were: (a) For a given basis set, the three methods give essentially comparable results. (b) Hydrogens do not require either polarization or diffuse functions, not even when the potential of interest is on the hydrogen. (c) Polarization functions are essential, for first-row as well as higher-row atoms; diffuse functions are less important. (d) The recommended basis set for electrostatic potential calculations, of those investigated, is the 6-31G*. Larger basis sets are not needed for this purpose. (e) If the 6-31G* is precluded (e.g. by the size of the system or by the presence of fourth-row atoms), then the 3-21G* is likely to be an acceptable alternative.
Videos in clinical medicine. How to perform a punch biopsy of the skin.

The punch biopsy is used to obtain a sample of the full thickness of the skin for histologic diagnosis. This video reviews the techniques and equipment required to perform a punch biopsy.
A Hückel theory perspective on Möbius aromaticity.

Heilbronner’s Huckel molecular orbital treatment of Mobius 4n−π annulenes is revisited. When uneven twisting in π-systems of small Mobius rings is accounted for, their resonance energies become comparable to iso-π-electronic linear alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. Larger Mobius rings distribute π-twisting more evenly but exhibit only modest aromatic stabilization. Dissected nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS), based on the LMO (localized molecular orbital)–NICS(0)π index confirm the magnetic aromaticity of the Mobius annulenes considered.
Effect of Major Subsystem Power Off-takes on Aircraft Performance in More Electric Aircraft Architectures

The gas turbine engines on commercial aircraft produce both propulsive power and non-propulsive or secondary power for aircraft subsystems, which can be in the form of either pneumatic or mechanical power off-take. While there is a degradation in performance and an increase in the thrust-specific fuel consumption in both cases, the extent is not necessarily identical. In addition, subsystem architecture choices also have an effect on aircraft empty weight and possibly on drag. Therefore, the current industry trend towards More Electric subsystem architectures has potentially far-reaching impacts on aircraft performance. To ascertain the effect of subsystem architecture choices on aircraft-level and mission-level metrics of interest, the subsystems as well as their impacts on the aircraft and propulsion system must be modeled in suitable detail. Such an approach is demonstrated in this paper for the case of a representative single-aisle aircraft with a focus on two subsystems which collectively consume a large fraction of the aircraft’s total secondary power requirements the Environmental Control System and the Ice Protection Systems.
The First Term: Ideological Definition and Social Polarization 1974–6

During this period, some major tendencies emerged which subsequently came to dominate the political struggle characterizing the remainder of the PNP’s period in office. The increasing importance of the ideological debate in the PNP and between the PNP and the opposition aggravated internal PNP splits and brought them into the open, and the reaction from the opposition became more and more hostile and strident. The Gleaner spearheaded the attacks; criticism in editorials increased in 1975, escalating particularly sharply both in frequency and tone in late 1975. In January 1975 Seaga, now leader of the party, launched a JLP ‘election campaign’ focusing on the issues of economic (mis)management and the Communist-Cuban threat. In 1974, the private sector was more concerned with economic issues, such as the call for repatriation of assets held abroad and the nationalization of utilities than with the new ideological turn represented by the declaration of democratic socialism. However, after the announcement of the economic policy package of August 1975, discontent over these measures generated increased hostility, as did Manley’s trip to Cuba and his admiration for Fidel. Opposition to the government intensified as the 1976 elections drew near, culminating in a campaign of violence amid charges of destabilization by domestic and foreign forces.
Combining landscape variables and species traits can improve the utility of climate change vulnerability assessments

Abstract Conservation organizations worldwide are investing in climate change vulnerability assessments. Most vulnerability assessment methods focus on either landscape features or species traits that can affect a species vulnerability to climate change. However, landscape features and species traits likely interact to affect vulnerability. We compare a landscape-based assessment, a trait-based assessment, and an assessment that combines landscape variables and species traits for 113 species of birds, herpetofauna, and mammals in the northeastern United States. Our aim is to better understand which species traits and landscape variables have the largest influence on assessment results and which types of vulnerability assessments are most useful for different objectives. Species traits were most important for determining which species will be most vulnerable to climate change. The sensitivity of species to dispersal barriers and the species average natal dispersal distance were the most important traits. Landscape features were most important for determining where species will be most vulnerable because species were most vulnerable in areas where multiple landscape features combined to increase vulnerability, regardless of species traits. The interaction between landscape variables and species traits was important when determining how to reduce climate change vulnerability. For example, an assessment that combines information on landscape connectivity, climate change velocity, and natal dispersal distance suggests that increasing landscape connectivity may not reduce the vulnerability of many species. Assessments that include landscape features and species traits will likely be most useful in guiding conservation under climate change.
The Economy and Morality of Elopement in Rural Western Turkey

In rural western Turkey, villagers use cultural and Islamic values of economic egalitarianism and care for the less fortunate to critique exploitation. They argue that cultural Islamic values of community and mutual assistance clash with the monetarization of kin relationships. In considering two ethnographic cases, I show how the community interprets daughters' struggles at the time of their marriage. When daughters make a move to separate from the natal household, their family's economic survival is threatened. To contain the loss of income, fathers attempt to delay daughters' marriages and daughters sometimes elope to solve the problem. This paper is about how the villagers analyze these events via their notions of morally correct behavior. 1 .
Neural Network Solution for Compesating Distortions of Time Frequency Representations

A Neural network (NN) based approach to obtain energy concentration along instantaneous frequencies (IFs) of the individual components present in the signal, is proposed. Blurry spectrograms and highly concentrated Wigner distributions (WDs) of various signals constitute the training set. The input data is grouped according to the underlying feature present in time frequency representation (TFR) image to have better generalization ability of the trained NN. Blurry TFRs of multi component signals are then given as test cases to the trained NN. Effectiveness of the approach is established by comparing the information content in each input and resultant TFR.
When Statues Come Alive: Teaching and Learning Academic Vocabulary through Drama in Schools.

With the high numbers of English learners (ELs) in school and rising demands for students to become proficient in academic forms of English, it is increasingly crucial for teachers to have effective, innovative tools to make content and language accessible to students. Adolescent ELs in particular are at a critical point in their educational careers, yet often underrepresented in scholarship. In this article, the author focuses on findings on academic language instruction derived from a yearlong ethnographic study of a middle school class for newcomers taught using drama-based techniques. The findings illustrate how this kind of work can engender communication and linguistic risk taking among ELs. Concepts from Bakhtin's (1981) analysis of language and power, along with the notion of embodied learning, serve as guiding ideas in examining the data. The qualitative data reveal both the problems of reductive approaches to teaching academic language and the efficacy and power of multimodal, embodied pedagogies wherein students are able to both learn critical forms of language and make them personally relevant.
Will I be Able to Understand My Mentee? Examining the Potential Risk of the Dominant Culture Mentoring Marginalized Youth

Most people would agree they want to live in a world where every child has what he or she needs to thrive and grow into a healthy and productive adult. It is estimated that 5,000 mentoring programs serve 3,000,000 youth in the United States alone (DuBois, Portillo, Rhodes, Silverthorn, & Valentine, 2011). In many of these programs, a majority of the mentors are matched with a mentee who comes from a culture and community they know very little about. Many of the youth development programs that were founded and implemented by people of the perceived dominant culture represent their values and cultural experience. To look more deeply into this, my primary research included seven one-on-one interviews with experienced youth workers, most who currently work at a community or site-based mentoring program. This article is a summary of their responses and reflections on the potential risks invovled in matching across culture and considers how we might work together to mitigate these risks for the youth we serve.
Neuroimaging in Autism

Autism is a complex developmental neuropsychiatric disorder. Postmortem and imaging studies have reported a variety of brain abnormalities, including abnormal cerebral asymmetries and ventricular and brain size, as well as abnormalities in posterior fossa, brain stem, and limbic system structures. Despite general agreement that autism is a neurobiologic disorder, there is still no consensus about which neuroanatomic or neurophysiologic abnormalities, detectable through neuroimaging, are characteristic of this disorder.
Social Economics, Poverty, and Human Development: Conceptual Approaches, Empirical Analysis, and Policy

How vulnerable groups fare in society and how they are affected by public policy have long been topics of high interest among social economics researchers. This is why poverty and human development were chosen as the themes for the program of sessions organized by the Association for Social Economics at the 2017 annual meetings of the Allied Social Sciences Associations in Chicago. Among three dozen papers presented at those sessions, seven were selected for inclusion in this proceedings issue. While two of the papers are theoretical or conceptual, respectively on discrimination in markets and ignorance in economics, most of the papers are empirical. They cover issues related among others to entrepreneurship, employment, the measurement of poverty, growth and shared prosperity, and finally student debt. Together the papers provide valuable contributions to the field of social economics and the topics that many researchers in the field as well as readers of this journal care about.
Late-Stage C–H Alkylation of Heterocycles and 1,4-Quinones via Oxidative Homolysis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines

Under oxidative conditions, 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) undergo a homolytic cleavage, forming exclusively a Csp3-centered radical that can engage in the C–H alkylation of heterocyclic bases and 1,4-quinones. DHPs are readily prepared from aldehydes, and considering that aldehydes normally require harsh reaction conditions to take part in such transformations, with mixtures of alkylated and acylated products often being obtained, this net decarbonylative alkylation approach becomes particularly useful. The present method takes place under mild reaction conditions and requires only persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant, making the procedure suitable for the late-stage C–H alkylation of complex molecules. Notably, structurally complex pharmaceutical agents could be functionalized or prepared with this protocol, such as the antimalarial Atovaquone and antitheilerial Parvaquone, thus evidencing its applicability. Mechanistic studies revealed a likely radical chain process via the formation of a dearomatized i...
Gendered Consequences: Multigenerational Schooling Effects of IRCA

Prior research has examined the incorporation outcomes among unauthorized migrants after implementation of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). However, few studies have evaluated how legalization opportunities produce gendered outcomes among the second-generation children of unauthorized immigrants. We examine the association of legalization opportunities provided through IRCA with the years of schooling attained by the sons and daughters of Mexican American immigrants. By distinguishing likely eligibility for one of two programs implemented under IRCA—the Legally Authorized Workers and Special Agricultural Workers programs—we consider whether type of legalization program matters by assessing gender differences in schooling among children of Mexican immigrants. Although legalization provides a substantial educational premium for the children of Mexican immigrants regardless of gender, the size of the legalization premium is smaller, on average, for sons than daughters. The advantage to dau...
Model calibration of a variable refrigerant flow system with a dedicated outdoor air system: A case study

Abstract With increased use of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems in the U.S. building sector, interests in capability and rationality of various building energy modeling tools to simulate VRF systems are rising. This paper presents the detailed procedures for model calibration of a VRF system with a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) by comparing to detailed measured data from an occupancy emulated small office building. The building energy model is first developed based on as-built drawings, and building and system characteristics available. The whole building energy modeling tool used for the study is U.S. DOE’s EnergyPlus version 8.1. The initial model is, then, calibrated with the hourly measured data from the target building and VRF-DOAS system. In a detailed calibration procedures of the VRF-DOAS, the original EnergyPlus source code is modified to enable the modeling of the specific VRF-DOAS installed in the building. After a proper calibration during cooling and heating seasons, the VRF-DOAS model can reasonably predict the performance of the actual VRF-DOAS system based on the criteria from ASHRAE Guideline 14-2014. The calibration results show that hourly CV-RMSE and NMBE would be 15.7% and 3.8%, respectively, which is deemed to be calibrated. The whole-building energy usage after calibration of the VRF-DOAS model is 1.9% (78.8 kWh) lower than that of the measurements during comparison period.
Effects of dietary lysine level on the content and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat in late-stage finishing pigs

This study was conducted to investigate how dietary lysine level affects the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in late-stage finishing pigs. Nine crossbred barrows [94.4 ± 6.7 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to three treatment groups (n = 3). Three corn- and soybean-meal-based diets were formulated to meet the National Research Council (2012) requirements for various nutrients except for lysine, whose concentrations were 0.43%, 0.71%, and 0.98% (as-fed basis) for Diets 1 (lysine-deficient), 2 (lysine-adequate), and 3 (lysine-excess), respectively. After 5 wk of ad libitum access to diets, pigs were harvested and longissimus dorsi samples were collected. The IMF content and FA composition of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results showed that the IMF content of the muscle was increased linearly (P < 0.05) with decreasing dietary lysine level from 0.98% to 0.43%. Dietary lysine level altered the composition of FA, especially the unsaturated FA, in t...
Conceptualizing body dissatisfaction in eating disorders within a self-discrepancy framework: a review of evidence

Body dissatisfaction, the negative subjective evaluation of one's body, is associated with many negative psychological and physical health consequences. One conceptualization of body dissatisfaction includes an experience of discrepancy between perceived actual and ideal body shapes. This paper reviews the literature on three facets of body dissatisfaction from the framework of self-discrepancy theory: perceptions of current weight, ideal body weight, and the relative importance of conforming to ideals. We review components of body dissatisfaction among healthy individuals and eating-disordered individuals. We also address the conceptualization's relationship among body dissatisfaction, weight history, and dieting to expand the impact of body dissatisfaction research and to provide more information on the nature and treatment of eating disorders.
2MA: Verifying Voice Commands via Two Microphone Authentication

Voice controlled interfaces have vastly improved the usability of many devices (e.g., headless IoT systems). Unfortunately, the lack of authentication for these interfaces has also introduced command injection vulnerabilities - whether via compromised IoT devices, television ads or simply malicious nearby neighbors, causing such devices to perform unauthenticated sensitive commands is relatively easy. We address these weaknesses with Two Microphone Authentication (2MA), which takes advantage of the presence of multiple ambient and personal devices operating in the same area. We develop an embodiment of 2MA that combines approximate localization through Direction of Arrival (DOA) techniques with Robust Audio Hashes (RSHs). Our results show that our 2MA system can localize a source to within a narrow physical cone ($
Evaluation of Economical Dynamic Exciters for Vibration Testing of Bridges

Quantitative data describing condition and performance is essential for evaluating the structural health of bridges. Dynamic testing is a common approach for globally characterizing bridges in a quantitative sense. Dynamic testing is most commonly accomplished for full-scale bridge structures through either forced vibration testing or ambient vibration testing methods. Forced vibration testing offers many advantages, but is generally not a practical or economical approach for many bridges due to the high cost of providing controlled excitation, limits to the excitation that can be supplied, and interference with the normal operation of the bridge. The writers have been investigating the feasibility of using low-cost, small-scale dynamic exciters for forced vibration testing of short to medium span bridges. The exciters being evaluated have a unit cost that is comparable to a typical accelerometer, and could be deployed in numbers using a spatially distributed setup for forced vibration testing. This paper presents and describes the results of a laboratory evaluation program conducted for these devices. Their capabilities and operating characteristics are compared with a more conventional linear mass shaker. The preliminary results of a vibration test using these devices on an in-service highway bridge are also discussed.
Behavior-based Community Detection: Application to Host Assessment In Enterprise Information Networks

Community detection in complex networks is a fundamental problem that attracts much attention across various disciplines. Previous studies have been mostly focusing on external connections between nodes (i.e., topology structure) in the network whereas largely ignoring internal intricacies (i.e., local behavior) of each node. A pair of nodes without any interaction can still share similar internal behaviors. For example, in an enterprise information network, compromised computers controlled by the same intruder often demonstrate similar abnormal behaviors even if they do not connect with each other. In this paper, we study the problem of community detection in enterprise information networks, where large-scale internal events and external events coexist on each host. The discovered host communities, capturing behavioral affinity, can benefit many comparative analysis tasks such as host anomaly assessment. In particular, we propose a novel community detection framework to identify behavior-based host communities in enterprise information networks, purely based on large-scale heterogeneous event data. We continue proposing an efficient method for assessing host's anomaly level by leveraging the detected host communities. Experimental results on enterprise networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
Runtime Management of Data Quality for Scientific Observatories Using Edge and In-Transit Resources

Modern Cyberinfrastructures (CIs) operate to bring content produced from remote data sources such as sensors and scientific instruments and deliver it to end users and workflow applications. Maintaining data quality/resolution and on-time data delivery while considering an increasing number of computing, storage and network resources requires a reactive system, able to adapt to changing demands. In this paper, we propose a modelization of such system by expressing the dynamic stage of resources in the context of edge and in-transit computing. By considering resource utilization, approximation techniques and users' constraints, our proposed engine is generating mappings of workflow stages on heterogeneous geo-distributed resources. We specifically propose a runtime management layer that adapts the data resolution being delivered to the users by implementing feedback loops over the resources involved in the delivery and processing of the data streams. We implement our model into a subscription-based data streaming framework which enables integration of large facilities and advanced CIs. Experimental results show that dynamically adapting data resolution can overcome bandwidth limitation in wide area streaming analytics.
Re-Membering, Re-Framing, and Re-Imagining Latino Leadership in Education: Reflections on Community, Higher Learning, and Higher Education:

This document traverses through a series of genealogical stories that span close to a century to provide context to higher learning, education, and development. The stories of elders help us re-mem...
Exploring student perceptions of offshoring

Abstract The current escalating global tariff war reflects public concern with offshoring associated with perceived loss of jobs and reduced national competitiveness. Accordingly, offshoring represents a crucial yet complex topic in business education as existing literature emphasizes how managers struggle to make objective offshoring decisions. With limited available pedagogical research however, educators are not fully aware of how students perceive offshoring and process offshoring decisions. This study subsequently applies realistic conflict theory (RCT) to provide an empirical assessment of student offshoring perceptions via survey data at one U.S. university. The results do not support RCT as positive perceptions of offshoring benefits are insufficient to overcome the effects of career concerns. Rather, offshoring benefits directly conflict with career concerns to influence offshoring resentment, which in turn, impacts offshoring decisions. Such results suggest that students are unduly biased in their offshoring perceptions, thereby elevating the importance and difficulty of effective offshoring education. As such, we offer a pedagogical framework and associated exercises from extant literature to help students critically assess offshoring.
Dyons and Magnetic Monopoles Revisited

We construct dyon solutions in SU(N) with topological electric and magnetic charge. Assuming a |Φ| 4 —like potential for the Higgs field, we show that the mass of the dyons is relatively insensitive to the coupling parameter λ characterizing the potential. We then apply the methodology of constructing dyon solutions in SU(N) to G2. In order to define the electromagnetic field consistently in the manner that we propose, we find that dyon solutions exist only when G2 is considered under the action of its maximal and regular subgroup SU(3). In this case we find two different types of dyons, one of which has properties identical to dyons in SU(3). The other dyon has some properties which are seemingly atypical, eg, the magnetic charge g m = 4π 3/e, which differs from the 't Hooft/Polyakov monopole where g m = 4π 1/e.
Efficient Dynamic Simulation of Simple Closed-Chain Mechanisms

Simple closed-chain mechanisms are an important subset of multiple chain robotic systems. Many different robotic systems may be modelled as simple closed-chain mechanisms including multiple manipulators cooperating to move a common load, a dexterous hand using its fingers to manipulate an object, and multilegged vehicles. These systems all share the same basic structure, characterized by a group of actuated chains all supporting a common reference member. Naturally, the real-time dynamic simulation of these mechanisms is even more difficult than for a single closed chain. Fortunately, it is possible to extend many of the concepts used in solving the single closed chain simulation problem to this more complex case.
Identification and Characterization of an Erythrocyte Endosomal Ferrireductase Critical for Transferrin Dependent Iron Uptake.

Abstract The transferrin cycle is a critical pathway for iron uptake by developing red blood cells. Defects in the cycle typically result in a hypochromic microcytic anemia due to ineffective hemoglobin synthesis. Recently we described a new microcytic mouse mutant, nm1054, with an autosomal recessive defect in transferrin mediated iron uptake. We now have identified the gene responsible for the defect through positional cloning and complementation experiments. The gene, mammalian ferrireductase 1 (Mfre1) encodes a predicted six pass transmembrane protein with homology to oxidoreductases of archaea and bacteria as well as homology to the yeast family of FRE proteins. Mfre1 is expressed highly in hematopoietic tissues and co-localizes with the transferrin cycle endosome of cells. Over-expression of Mfre1 in cultured cells stimulates reduction of iron while reticulocytes deficient in Mfre1 are defective in conversion of ferric iron to a ferrous form. Here we comprehensively describe the role of Mfre1 in iron metabolism and speculate on the role of several other novel homologues in iron homeostasis.
Benign Rolandic epilepsy: widespread increases in connectivity in a focal epilepsy syndrome

Benign Rolandic epilepsy (benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes; recently renamed self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes) is associated with widespread deficits in cognition and behavior, suggesting abnormalities in networks that extend beyond the centrotemporal region. To assess functional connectivity in children with benign Rolandic epilepsy, we assessed EEG spectral power and coherence during awake and sleep records in 27 children with centrotemporal spikes. Coherence represents the consistency of the phase difference between two EEG signals when compared over time and serves as a measure of synchronization between two EEG signals based mainly on phase consistency. Epochs of EEG with and without centrotemporal spikes were compared during both waking and sleep. During the spike epochs, there was an increase in spectral power at all frequencies, although statistical significance was seen primarily in the delta, theta and alpha bandwidths. This increase in absolute power was seen at all electrode sites and was similar in left and right-sided electrodes. During centrotemporal spikes, there were significant changes in coherence compared to the EEG segments without spikes. In the theta, alpha and beta bandwidths, there were significant increases in coherence. The increases in coherences were widespread and bilateral, and involved electrode pairs outside the central and temporal regions. To determine if there was a relationship between location of the spikes and coherence values, right-sided, left-sided and bilateral centrotemporal spikes were compared. There was no relationship between location of the centrotemporal spikes and power or coherence values. These findings indicate that benign Rolandic epilepsy results in generalized changes in spectral power and connectivity and raises the suggestion that from a functional standpoint, benign Rolandic epilepsy resembles a generalized rather than focal seizure disorder.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Gn and the Gc of the Andes Virus Glycoprotein Spike Complex Protect From Virus Challenge in a Preclinical Hamster Model

ABSTRACT Hantaviruses are the etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). The latter is associated with case fatality rates ranging from 30% to 50%. HCPS cases are rare, with approximately 300 recorded annually in the Americas. Recently, an HCPS outbreak of unprecedented size has been occurring in and around Epuyen, in the southwestern Argentinian state of Chubut. Since November of 2018, at least 29 cases have been laboratory confirmed, and human-to-human transmission is suspected. Despite posing a significant threat to public health, no treatment or vaccine is available for hantaviral disease. Here, we describe an effort to identify, characterize, and develop neutralizing and protective antibodies against the glycoprotein complex (Gn and Gc) of Andes virus (ANDV), the causative agent of the Epuyen outbreak. Using murine hybridoma technology, we generated 19 distinct monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against ANDV GnGc. When tested for neutralization against a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the Andes glycoprotein (GP) (VSV-ANDV), 12 MAbs showed potent neutralization and 8 showed activity in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reporter assay. Escape mutant analysis revealed that neutralizing MAbs targeted both the Gn and the Gc. Four MAbs that bound different epitopes were selected for preclinical studies and were found to be 100% protective against lethality in a Syrian hamster model of ANDV infection. These data suggest the existence of a wide array of neutralizing antibody epitopes on hantavirus GnGc with unique properties and mechanisms of action. IMPORTANCE Infections with New World hantaviruses are associated with high case fatality rates, and no specific vaccine or treatment options exist. Furthermore, the biology of the hantaviral GnGc complex, its antigenicity, and its fusion machinery are poorly understood. Protective monoclonal antibodies against GnGc have the potential to be developed into therapeutics against hantaviral disease and are also great tools to elucidate the biology of the glycoprotein complex.
Visualizing anesthesia-induced vasodilation of cerebral vasculature using multi-exposure speckle imaging

Anesthetized animal models are used extensively during neurophysiological and behavioral studies despite systemic effects from anesthesia that undermine both accurate interpretation and translation to awake human physiology. In this paper, we characterize the impact of isoflurane on cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the induction of general anesthesia in awake mice using multi-exposure speckle imaging (MESI). We highlight the large anatomical changes caused by the vasodilatory inhalant with wide-field imagery and quantify the cortical hemodynamics with MESI across multiple subjects and imaging sessions. Compared to the awake state, we measured, on average, an 18% increase in surface vessel diameter accompanied by a 135% increase in vascular flux and 92% increase in parenchyma perfusion. These large alterations to the cortical vasculature and CBF are unrepresentative of normal physiology and provide further evidence that neuroscience experiments would benefit from transitioning to un-anesthetized awake animal models.
Abstract 2572: Compound C inhibits metabolic programming of ovarian cancer

High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) exhibits elevated energy demands to sustain rapid proliferation, survival and invasiveness. We have shown that Compound C, also known as Dorsomorphin, inhibits ovarian cancer growth, invasiveness and survival as well as interactions with mesothelial cells and macrophages. However, the effect of Compound C on metabolic programming has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Compound C inhibits the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer through suppression of energy production. Therefore, we performed comprehensive metabolic profiling of ovarian cancer cells treated with Compound C. Our findings indicate that Compound C significantly inhibits ATP production in the ovarian cancer cell lines: OVCAR3, SKOV3 and IGROV1. Compound C inhibited basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration as well as the non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption in these three cell lines. Compound C had no effect on basal, induced or compensatory glycolysis. However, it significantly decreased the ratio of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate to glycolytic proton efflux rate (mitoOCR/glycoPER), indicating a direct inhibitory effect of Compound C on mitochondrial electron transport chain and a bioenergetic shift from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. These results demonstrate for the first time, the direct inhibitory effect of Compound C on mitochondrial function as a novel mechanism of inhibition of the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: Alia Dawlat Ghoneum, Daniela Gonzalez, Neveen Said. Compound C inhibits metabolic programming of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2572.
Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction: Prevalence, causes, and interventional management

Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction is a primary contributor to maternal cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific attention to the cause of myocardial infarction, diagnostic evaluation, treatment strategies, and postevent care is necessary when treating women with pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the current knowledge, consensus statements, and essential nuances.