cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PREDICTION OF PILE SETUP IN CLAY

Reliable calculations of pile setup times represent a critical parameter in the design of large-diameter pipe piles that are used to anchor offshore tension leg platforms. Predictions of setup times can be obtained by analyses that simulate the changes in effective stresses and soil properties occurring around a single pile during installation and subsequent equilibration of excess pore pressures. Pile installation is modeled using the framework of the strain path method, assuming that there is no plugging of soil within the pipe pile. Changes in effective stresses and soil properties at all stages of the analysis are described by the MIT-E3 soil model, with input parameters derived from laboratory tests on high-quality samples. After installation, the analyses solve the radial dissipation of excess pore pressures around the pile shaft and setup of effective stresses in the soil by nonlinear finite element methods. Dissipation times are controlled by the pile aspect ratio (ratio of diameter to wall thickness), in situ effective stress, stress history, and hydraulic conductivity of the clay. This paper illustrates the validation of the proposed setup analyses with data from instrumented model piles and pile shaft elements at two well-documented test sites.
Separation of DNA sequencing fragments up to 1000 bases by using poly(ethylene oxide)-filled capillary electrophoresis.

We have demonstrated that DNA bases up to 1000 base pairs (bp) in a sequencing ladder can be separated using poly(ethylene oxide)-filled capillary electrophoresis (resolution of raw data=0.5 at 966 bp). Separation performance of this sieving matrix has been tested under different experimental conditions. It was found that the electric field strength played a critical role in the onset of reptation and thus the separation efficiency. Optimized gel composition and concentration is required for good separation, but the total gel concentration should lie between 2.5 and 3.0%. We observed that the capillary length influences the number of theoretical plates and the maximum readable length of DNA. For sequencing up to 500 bp, relatively nonviscous solutions can be used, greatly facilitating the replacement of the sieving matrix in between runs.
An evidence-based medicine elective course to improve student performance in advanced pharmacy practice experiences.

Objective. To implement and evaluate the impact of an elective evidence-based medicine (EBM) course on student performance during advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).Design. A 2-hour elective course was implemented using active-learning techniques including case studies and problem-based learning, journal club simulations, and student-driven wiki pages. The small class size (15 students) encouraged independent student learning, allowing students to serve as the instructors and guest faculty members from a variety of disciplines to facilitate discussions.Assessment. Pre- and posttests found that students improved on 83% of the core evidence-based medicine concepts evaluated. Fifty-four APPE preceptors were surveyed to compare the performance of students who had completed the EBM course prior to starting their APPEs with students who had not. Of the 38 (70%) who responded, the majority (86.9%) agreed that students who had completed the course had stronger skills in applying evidence-based medicin...
Incumbency, Reapportionment, and U.S. House Redistricting:

In this study we examine how party controlled redistricting in 1991-92 affected the fortunes of U.S. House incumbents in the 1992 election. We explore the strategic differences between the partisan redistricting plans implemented unilaterally by one party, and the bipartisan plans im plemented as the result of party compromise, arguing that effective analysis of incumbency advantage requires distinction between these two types of plans as well as distinction between the plans of states that gain seats, states that lose seats, and states that remain unchanged in reapportion ment. We then assess incumbency advantage under the partisan and bipartisan plans by comparing incumbent displacement rates under these plans with the displacement rates under politically neutral nonpartisan dis tricting plans. Our findings indicate that incumbents do indeed benefit from party controlled redistricting and more so under bipartisan than un der partisan redistricting. They also indicate that the gain or loss of seats from ...
Detection of molecular microwave transitions in the 3 mm wavelength range in comet Kohoutek (1973f)

Observations of comet Kohoutek made with a 3-mm line receiver mounted on the 11-m NRAO radio dish at Kitt Peak are presented. The detection of line transitions of hydrogen cyanide and methyl cyanide is reported and discussed along with the variability of neutral gas jets. Microwave transitions in molecules of cometary origin are also examined.
Engineering Concepts: The Interplay between Concept Formation and Modeling Practices in Bioengineering Sciences

This article addresses “concept formation in the wild” through examining the relations between concept formation and physical and computational simulation modeling practices in two research laboratories in the bioengineering sciences. It argues that processes of concept formation and of building distributed cognitive systems are deeply entwined.
Multiparticle Production in the Central Region

The mechanism of multiparticle production in the central region is discussed in the framework of the independent-emission picture and in that of the fragmentation picture. It is argued that the study of a certain moment ratio and distribution ratio may be helpful to differentiate these two pictures. The intersecting-storage-rings multi-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ experiment of the Brookhaven-Roma Collaboration is discussed in this connection. In order to illustrate some general features of the fragmentation picture, the model recently proposed by Chou and Yang for charge transfer is applied to the multi-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ production process.
The collision meter: An experimental technique to measure charged-neutral interactions and gas composition in the upper atmosphere

Abstract A method of exploring the upper atmosphere through measurements of charged-neutral particle collisions is described. The method utilizes a charged particle beam which is injected into space from an in-situ probe and returns to the probe under its gyromotion about the ambient magnetic field. Measurements of the attenuation of the returned beam provide direct information on the collisional cross sections between the beam particles and the ambient medium. The method is discussed and expected measurements displayed and evaluated. In addition to providing new information on collision processes in the upper atmosphere, it is shown that this method has the potential for returning very accurate determinations of the densities of the major neutral gas species, including atomic oxygen. Initial in-situ experiments and directions for extension and further use are discussed.
Association of somatotropin (BST) gene polymorphism at the 5th exon with selection for milk yield in holstein cows

A selection project produced control cows from continuous matings with breed average bulls for predicted transmitting ability for milk (PTA-milk) in 1964 and select cows from matings to four of the highest PTA-milk bulls each year since 1964. Blood samples were collected in 1992 when milk yield difference of select and control line cows exceeded 3,800 kg of milk/305-day lactation. Genomic DNA from control (n = 49) and select (n = 101) cows was analyzed for the presence of variants associated with amino acid position 127 (leucine, AluI[+]; valine, AluI[-]) of bovine somatotropin (bST). Amplification of a 428 base-pair fragment of the bST gene from individual cows, subsequent restriction enzyme (AluI) digestion, and separation resulting fragments indicated three genotypes AluI(+/+), AluI(+/-), and AluI(-/-) in 110, 39, and 1 animal(s), respectively. Gene frequencies of leucine127 and valine 127 alleles were similar for control (0.867m 0.133) and select (0.861, 0.139) animals. United States Department of Agriculture-PTA values were compared between the two genotypes, AluI(+/+) and AluI(+/-). Estimated breeding value for milk (EBV-milk) and average yield deviation for milk (AYD-milk) were not associated with genotype for control animals. However, presence of the valine allele was correlated with decreased EBV-milk (P = 0.03) and AYD-milk (P = 0.16) in select animals and accounted for a decrease of approximately 170 kg of EBV-milk and 240 kg of AYD-milk.
Comparative energetics of a northern and southern population of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract 1. 1. Weight-adjusted metabolic rates of laboratory-reared, female descendents of Drosophila melanogaster collected from northern New York and northern Florida were compared at 18,21, and 25°C. 2. 2. New York flies had significantly higher rates of metabolism at incubation temperatures of 21 and 25°C but not at 18°C. 3. 3. A nested analysis of variance showed that at 2PC, 29% of the total variance in metabolic rate was due to between-population differences and 27% was due to line differences within populations. 4. 4. The metabolic rate characteristics of both groups of flies are consistent with their patterns of fecundity and seasonal abundance.
Comprehensive hemodynamic comparison and frequency of patient-prosthesis mismatch between the St. Jude Medical Trifecta and Epic Bioprosthetic aortic valves.

Background Patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) has been reported with a wide range of bioprosthetic valves after aortic valve replacement (AVR) and has been associated with multiple adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a novel low-profile stented pericardial tissue bioprosthesis for AVR, the Trifecta aortic valve, would have superior hemodynamics, a lower incidence of PPM, and an improvement in clinical outcomes. Its hemodynamic performance was evaluated, and a comparison was performed with a traditional stented pericardial bioprosthesis (Epic) with respect to hemodynamics, PPM, and clinical events. Methods One hundred twenty-four patients (mean age, 73.6 ± 11.0 years) underwent AVR. Prosthetic valve types used were Trifecta ( n = 75 [60.5%]) and Epic ( n = 49 [39.5%]). Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was used to evaluate hemodynamic variables before and after AVR. Results Postoperative comparison of the Epic valve and the Trifecta valve revealed a lower mean pressure gradient (16.5 ± 6.7 vs 8.8 ± 3.4 mm Hg, P P 2 /m 2 , P P P = .005) were less frequent in the Trifecta group. Conclusions The hemodynamic performance of the Trifecta valve is superior to that of the Epic valve across many conventional prosthesis sizes, and its implantation resulted in lower rates of severe PPM. These improvements were associated with lower valvular-related adverse events.
The Impact of Job Level and Prior Training on Sexual Harassment Labeling and Remedy Choice1

Supervisors, managers, and executives (N= 118) comprised the sample for this field study of persons’ labeling of sexual harassment and endorsement of various remedies for sexual harassment. The research method involved questionnaires issued in conjunction with 2 videotaped sexual harassment scenarios of differing severity. Results support predictions of participants’ ability to distinguish harassment severity, the effect of job level, and prior training's effect. Implications for qualifying the concept of work environment sexualization (Gutek, 1985) with consideration of job levels are discussed. Implications for sexual harassment awareness training and management practice are also discussed.
LXXII. The normal helium atom and its relation to the quantum theory

(1922). LXXII. The normal helium atom and its relation to the quantum theory. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 44, No. 263, pp. 842-869.
Development of reaction models for ground-water systems

Abstract Methods are described for developing geochemical reaction models from the observed chemical compositions of ground water along a hydrologic flow path. The roles of thermodynamic speciation programs, mass balance calculations, and reaction-path simulations in developing and testing reaction models are contrasted. Electron transfer is included in the mass balance equations to properly account for redox reactions in ground water. The mass balance calculations determine net mass transfer models which must be checked against the thermodynamic calculations of speciation and reaction-path programs. Although reaction-path simulations of ground-water chemistry are thermodynamically valid, they must be checked against the net mass transfer defined by the mass balance calculations. An example is given testing multiple reaction hypotheses along a flow path in the Floridan aquifer where several reaction models are eliminated. Use of carbon and sulfur isotopic data with mass balance calculations indicates a net reaction of incongruent dissolution of dolomite (dolomite dissolution with calcite precipitation) driven irreversibly by gypsum dissolution, accompanied by minor sulfate reduction, ferric hydroxide dissolution, and pyrite precipitation in central Florida. Along the flow path, the aquifer appears to be open to CO 2 initially, and open to organic carbon at more distant points down gradient.
Domesticated Nature: Shaping Landscapes and Ecosystems for Human Welfare

Like all species, humans have exercised their impulse to perpetuate and propagate themselves. In doing so, we have domesticated landscapes and ecosystems in ways that enhance our food supplies, reduce exposure to predators and natural dangers, and promote commerce. On average, the net benefits to humankind of domesticated nature have been positive. We have, of course, made mistakes, causing unforeseen changes in ecosystem attributes, while leaving few, if any, truly wild places on Earth. Going into the future, scientists can help humanity to domesticate nature more wisely by quantifying the tradeoffs among ecosystem services, such as how increasing the provision of one service may decrease ecosystem resilience and the provision of other services.
Signal processing with higher-order spectra

The strengths and limitations of correlation-based signal processing methods are discussed. The definitions, properties, and computation of higher-order statistics and spectra, with emphasis on the bispectrum and trispectrum are presented. Parametric and nonparametric expressions for polyspectra of linear and nonlinear processes are described. The applications of higher-order spectra in signal processing are discussed. >
Acquisition, Storage, and Review of Safety Data from a Commercial System for High Temperature, Short Time Pasteurization

A high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurization system was equipped with electronic sensors to determine the temperature, pressure, flow rate, and position of the flow diversion valve. A computer for data acquisition was wired to the sensors to monitor and to record processing conditions related to public health. The processing conditions were stored in safety files on the hard drive of the computer, transferred weekly to a tape drive, and stored. The processing conditions of the HTST system were monitored for 270 d to determine the accuracy and reliability of the data acquisition system. The size of the HTST safety files ranged from 6.2 to 9.1 MB when the sensors were monitored every second. The file size was reduced to < 1.8 MB when the monitoring frequency was increased to every 5 s. To determine accuracy, the temperatures recorded by the data acquisition system were compared with the temperatures recorded by an electronic recorder controller. To determine reliability, changes in the position of the flow diversion valve were examined to identify process deviations and were compared with the event marker on circular charts. The review of the data file by the actual time method was an effective alternative to the electronic recorder controller for monitoring the completeness of data in the safety files. Off-line review to determine reliability required approximately 10 min/d of records.
Prospective study of posterior capsule-zonular disruption during extracapsular cataract extraction: Eliminating iatrogenic disruption

Abstract We modified our surgical techniques after analyzing the mechanisms responsible for posterior capsule-zonular disruption with or without vitreous loss in 250 consecutive extracapsular cataract extraction cases. We applied the derived principles and prospectively studied the subsequent 1,500 cases. Modifications in our surgical protocol included the use of a Honan balloon for a longer interval (at least 60 minutes preoperatively) and more aggressive surgical expansion of poorly dilating pupils. Furthermore, complete YAG anterior capsulotomy performed after the retrobulbar block appeared to minimize zonular stress associated with mechanical anterior capsulotomv. We reduced the risk of posterior capsule-zonular disruption from 4.8% (2.4% vitreous loss) to zero, eliminating this complication completely in our last 1,000 cases.
Molecular Simulation of Adsorbed Natural Gas

Abstract Adsorbed natural gas is being investigated as a substitute for gasoline. The most important factor in engineering studies is the maximum storage capacity of adsorbents for natural gas. Monte Carlo calculations were performed to simulate the adsorption of natural gas on activated carbon. Adsorption isotherms, storage capacities, and isosteric heats were determined from simulations and compared with experimental data. Simulations predict a maximum storage capacity of 244 V/V at 35 atm.
Cloning and characterization of novel human SLC4A8 gene products encoding Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3(-) exchanger variants NDCBE-A, -C, and -D.

The reported sequences of the human and mouse Na+-driven Cl−/HCO3− exchangers (NDCBEs) differ greatly in their extreme cytosolic COOH termini (Ct). In human NDCBE (NDCBE-B), a 17-amino acid (aa) se...
Remote Attestation on Trusted Cloud Computing

In the cloud computing mode TCCP, there exist shortcomings of overburdened trusted TC, the anonymity of nodes and configuration information of platform can’t be guaranteed. In this paper, we propose an anonymous scheme based on attribute certificate. The scheme is achieved by the trusted ring signature based on attribute certificate. By the security analysis, the anonymity and platform configuration information of computing nodes is guaranteed. By simulation experiment, we obtain the efficiency of the scheme. Comparing with Boneh ring signature based on ECC algorithm, this scheme has a great superiority in terms of large amount of ring signatures.
Sparse Gauss-Hermite Quadrature filter for spacecraft attitude estimation

In this paper, a new nonlinear filter based on Sparse Gauss-Hermite Quadrature (SGHQ) is proposed for spacecraft attitude estimation. Gauss-Hermite Quadrature (GHQ) has been widely used in numerical integration and nonlinear filtering. However, for multi-dimensional problems, the conventional GHQ based filter using product operations is difficult to implement because the number of points increases exponentially with dimensions. To solve this problem, the Smolyak's product rule has been used to extend GHQ rule to high dimensional problems. The contribution of this work is to design a new sparse-grid GHQ filter using Smolyak's product rule to alleviate the curse-of-dimensionality problem of the conventional GHQ filter. The number of SGHQ points needed for high dimensional problems is considerably smaller than the original GHQ method. Hence, the efficiency of using GHQ can be significantly improved. The performance of this new filter is demonstrated by the application to the spacecraft attitude estimation problem, which shows better results than the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).
NMDA receptors mediate feeding elicited by neuropeptide Y in the lateral and perifornical hypothalamus.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the lateral (LH) and perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) are believed to be involved in the stimulation of feeding behavior. To investigate the possibility that neurons with these receptors interact to stimulate eating, the NMDA receptor antagonists d -(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5) or 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-CK) were injected into the LH or PFH of satiated rats 5 min prior to NPY in the same site and subsequent food intake was measured 1, 2, and 4 h postinjection. The injection of NPY (78 pmol/0.3 μl aCSF) in the PFH produced an average food intake of 9.7 g in 4 h, compared to the intake of 1.3 g after the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) vehicle. D-AP5 (1, 10, or 20 nmol/0.3 μl aCSF) pretreatment suppressed NPY-induced eating, with the 20 nmol dose of D-AP5 producing up to an 80% suppression of elicited food intake down to 1.9 g in 4 h. Similar effects were produced with the LH as the injection site. Illustrating the specificity of the NMDA receptor antagonist's suppression of NPY-elicited feeding, D-AP5 suppressed NMDA-elicited feeding but did not affect the eating response induced by kainic acid. Consistent with the effects of D-AP5, the NMDA receptor antagonist 7-CK (40 nmol/0.3 μl dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) suppressed feeding elicited by NPY in the LH by 78%. Collectively, the findings suggest that the feeding elicited by NPY is dependent upon the activation of the NMDA receptors in the LH and PFH.
Young Adults with MSUD and Their Transition to Adulthood: Psychosocial Issues

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive condition with an incidence of 1 in 185,000 births worldwide. Regardless of the type of MSUD, treatment includes immediate and lifelong dietary restriction of isoleucine, leucine and valine. There is little known about the psychosocial impact of MSUD on the developmental milestones of emerging adulthood. We used a qualitative case study approach to explore the human experiences of MSUD on young adults (n = 8) and parents (n = 8). All participants were administered a semi-structured, qualitative interview as well as quantitative measures. Six core themes emerged: 1) lifelong strain of dietary management; 2) social isolation from peers and impact on dating; 3) impact of MSUD on academics and employment; 4) medical experiences and transition to adult care; 5) impact on family functioning; and 6) positive effects and growth. The results of this investigation highlight and expand awareness of the psychological and social needs of young adults with MSUD. This study calls for a collaborative, multidisciplinary effort in the treatment of these patients and their families.
Temperature dependent complex permittivities of graphitized carbon blacks at microwave frequencies between 0.2 and 26 GHz

Many carbonaceous materials are amenable to dielectric heating at microwave frequencies. The primary indicator of microwave susceptibility is the complex permittivity (e*), of which, the real component correlates with polarization, and the imaginary term represents dielectric loss. For a given material, the complex permittivity is dependent upon both frequency and temperature. Here we report the complex permittivities over the frequency range from 0.2 to 26 GHz of four laboratory grade graphitized carbon blacks which are used as adsorbents and chromatographic media in a variety of separation, purification, and analytical applications. Measurements were made using a vector network analyzer based system across the temperature region between 23°C and 191°C. Dielectric polarization-relaxation phenomena are also characterized.
The tones of jinghpaw and lolo-burmese: Common origin vs. independent development

Abstract It is hard to imagine a question of more interest to Tibeto-Burman (TB) studies than that of the possible interrelationship of the tonal systems of Jinghpaw (Jg.) and Lolo-Burmese (LB). 1 Jinghpaw occupies a key position in TB, for many reasons. First of all, thanks to Hanson 1906, it is one of the best documented languages of the family from a lexical point of view. Secondly, it is highly conservative phonologically (especially when compared to the “degenerate” LB group), preserving a rich array of prefixes, initial consonant-clusters, final stops and nasals, glottalized resonants, and other goodies. Finally, from the genetic standpoint, Jinghpaw stands at a unique crossroads. As its geographical position in northern Burma, the heartland of the TB speech area, might lead one to suspect, Jinghpaw seems to show special affinities with all major subgroups of TB simultaneously: Kuki-Naga, Garo-Bodo, Bodish or Himalayan, Nungish, and Lolo-Burmese. 2 Of all these interlocking relationships, however, t...
A note on the calculation of travel times in a transversely isotropic Earth model

Abstract Some explicit formulae are presented for the calculation of travel times in transversely isotropic Earth models.
Using Integrated Student Teams to Advance Education in Sustainable Design and Construction

This article describes a case study involving a Midwestern public university that incorporated an integrated, cross-disciplinary project delivery activity to create an effective framework for sustainable design and construction education. The article first provides an overview of sustainable construction and its advantages, describes how sustainable design and construction requires a modernized project delivery system to work effectively, and discusses the primary impacts of sustainable design and construction on the construction industry. The article then describes how one large Midwestern university has attempted to use integrated, multidisciplinary student teams to advance the concept of sustainable design and construction in the classroom environment. Curricula that include interdisciplinary courses on integrated delivery and leadership in construction, engineering and architecture could better prepare students for their future careers in the building industry and develop better managers and colleagues.
Propofol reduces the incidence of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children

We compared the effect of a propofol-based anaesthetic to an isoflurane-based anaesthetic on the incidence of postoperative vomiting in children following tonsillectomy. Thirty-nine children were enrolled in the study and randomized to receive one of the proposed anaesthetics. All patients underwent a mask induction with halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. Intravenous access was established and all children received fentanyl (2-4 micrograms.kg-1) i.v., mivacurium (0.3 mg.kg-1) i.v. and acetaminophen (10-15 mg.kg-1) p.r. Following tracheal intubation, patients received either isoflurane (0.8-1.6%) or propofol (120-180 micrograms.kg-1 min-1) i.v. with nitrous oxide 70%/oxygen 30% for maintenance of anaesthesia. Vital signs were maintained within 20% of baseline. All patients were extubated in the operating room. PACU nursing staff recorded episodes of vomiting for 4-6 h prior to discharge. A telephone interview the following day was also used for data recovery. Age, sex, and duration of the procedure were not significantly different between the two study groups. Of 19 patients who received propofol, four vomited (21%); in contrast, of the 20 patients who received isoflurane, 11 vomited (55%). This difference is significant (P = 0.048 two-tailed Fisher's Exact Test). These data suggest that using propofol for anaesthesia can diminish the incidence of vomiting following tonsillectomy.
Coronary artery bypass grafting in severe left ventricular dysfunction: Excellent survival with improved ejection fraction and functional state

Abstract Objectives. The present study evaluated our experience with coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Background. Despite the ominous prognosis of advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery bypass grafting in this setting remains controversial because of concerns over operative risk and lack of functional or survival benefit. Methods. We analyzed the data of 83 consecutive patients (69 men, 14 women, aged 42 to 83 years [mean 66.8]) with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (withoot aneurysmectomy, valve replacement or other open heart procedures) performed by one surgeon during a 6-year period. The ejection fraction ranged from 10% to 30% (mean 24.6%). Preoperatively, 49% of patients had angina, 52% had congestive heart failure (17% with pulmonary edema) and 30% manifested significant ventricular arrhythmia. The mean number of grafts was 2.7/patient. The internal mammary artery was used in 82% of grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery. The intraaortic balloon pump was required therapeutically (for angina or pump failure) in 19% of patients and was prophylactically placed preoperatively in another 43% of patients. Results. The hospital mortality rate was 8.4% (7 of 83). The mortality rate was 3.3% (2 of 61) in those patients who did not require admission to an intensive care unit immediately before operation. Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class improved postoperatively by 1.9 categories and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure class by 1 category. Left ventricular ejection fraction (assessed postoperatively in 68 of 76 hospital survivors) improved from 24.6% preoperatively to 33.2% postoperatively (36% increase) (p Conclusions. In patients with coronary artery disease and advanced ventricular dysfunction: 1) coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed relatively safely, 2) good medium-term survival is attained, 3) improvement in left ventricular function can be documented objectively after bypass grafting, 4) quality of life is improved (as reflected by improvement in anginal and congestive heart failure status), and 5) the internal mammary artery can safely be used as a conduit. The use of coronary artery bypass grafting is encouraged for this group of patients and may provide a viable alternative to transplantation in selected patients.
Cellular signaling perturbation by natural products.

Cancer cells are known to have alterations in multiple cellular signaling pathways and because of the complexities in the communication between multiple signaling networks, the treatment and the cure for most human malignancies is still an open question. Perhaps, this is the reason why specific inhibitors that target only one pathway have been typically failed in cancer treatment. However, the in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that some natural products such as isoflavones, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), curcumin, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, lycopene, etc, have inhibitory effects on human and animal cancers through targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways and thus these “natural agents” could be classified as multi-targeted agents. This is also consistent with the epidemiological studies showing that the consumption of fruits, soybean and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of several types of cancers. By regulating multiple important cellular signaling pathways including NF-κB, Akt, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, p53, AR, ER, etc, these natural products are known to activate cell death signals and induce apoptosis in pre-cancerous or cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Therefore, non-toxic “natural agents” harvested from the bounties of nature could be useful either alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
Analysis of errors in Still's equation for macromolecular electrostatic solvation energies

The generalized Born (GB) solvation model is a simple dielectric model for the calculation of molecular electrostatic solvation energies. There are two distinct steps in the model: the calculation of Born radii from self-energies, and the calculation of interaction energies using an interpolation formula, such as Still's equation. The first step, the calculation of the Born radii, has been solved to high-accuracy in recent work by this author and others [M. S. Lee, F. R. Salsbury Jr, and M. A. Olson, J. Comput. Chem. 25, 1967 (2004)], so that the errors in the interpolation formula need to be considered to further improve GB theory. We examine the errors in the interpolation formula by calculating Born radii and atomic interaction energies using Poisson theory, and determining the errors associated with Still's equation. We then verify that a slight modification reduces the error in the interaction energies. We also explore alternative formulations of Still's equation, and the combinations rules for Born ...
On the relation of the invariants of motion to the properties of the asymptotic collision operator

Resume Les methodes de la mecanique statistique de non equilibre developpees par l'ecole de Bruxelles (et specialement l'introduction de l'operateur de collision Ψ ( z )) permettant d'etendre la theorie des systemes dynamiques integrables tant en mecanique classique que quantique. En particulier une formulation nouvelle du theoreme fondamental de Poincare sur la non existence d'invariants est presentee qui ne fait pas appel a des developpements en serie en la constante de couplage mais est basee directement sur les proprietes spectrales de la resolvante. La distinction entre systemes “dissipatifs” et non-dissipatifs” introduite par Prigogine et al. est confirmee et precisee.
Turbulent friction reduction by aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) polymer solutions as a function of salt concentration

Turbulent friction reduction by high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) polymers has been examined in a series of salt solutions ranging from pure water to nearly theta solvent conditions. The effects of polymer homology and solvent character have been successfully analyzed under these conditions and relationships are proposed for the observed effects. The reduction in turbulent friction (drag reduction) has been catalogued through evaluation of the polymer intrinsic concentration—an index of drag reduction effectiveness. Plots of the reciprocal of the polymer intrinsic concentration versus salt molarity are approximately linear and are similar to the plots of intrinsic viscosity versus molarity reported by other workers. An attempt is made to graphically and numerically combine these results. The suggestion is advanced that those solvent properties which bring about decided conformational changes in these polymer molecules (as indexed by intrinsic viscosity effects) also affect, in an apparently analogous fashion, the turbulent friction reduction efficiencies of these molecules. The decreases in turbulent friction reduction resulting from the increasingly collapsed state of the polymer coil suggest the possibility of correlating friction reduction with changes in the polymer expansion factor α. On the basis of the limited data available, the suggestion is also made that drag reduction studies might best be made under theta solvent conditions where different polymer families might be more meaningfully compared in the absence of solvent effects.
Principled reasoning about problems of practice

The elementary science teacher educators in this article set recognize the challenges that new science teachers face when they enter classrooms. They have developed frameworks and strategies aimed at helping the preservice teachers with whom they work become "well-started beginners" who are ready to address problems of science teaching. To do so, these educators purposefully engage the candidates in focused dialogue regarding challenges or problems of practice that they will likely face in their work. These challenges include (1) engaging in science, (2) organizing instruction, and (3) understanding students. The science teacher educators use a dialogic third space to help the preservice teachers reconsider and develop deeper understandings of these problems of practice. In this intro- duction, we point out some of the common themes that tie these articles together, including (a) a focus on problems of practice in elementary science teaching, (b) a focus on dialogue with preservice teachers about these problems of practice, (c) a commitment to developing tools and approaches that support principled reasoning about these problems of practice, and (d) a commitment to shared goals and methods for research on elementary science teacher education. We point to ways that these themes are addressed in the three articles. C � 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:678 - 686, 2009
The optimal number of firms in the commons: A dynamic approach

We consider a common-property resource sold in imperfectly competitive markets. There is a dynamic externality (current harvests lower future stocks, raising future harvest costs) and a static (crowding) externality. Increasing industry size raises costs but lowers prices; thus, it has ambiguous welfare effects. The optimal industry size typically changes over time, so that a first-best outcome cannot be obtained with a fixed number of firms. Single-firm exploitation is optimal only under special circumstances. The socially optimal open-loop steady-state industry size corresponds to the static optimum; both generally differ from the closed-loop steady-state optimum.
Partially Coherent Transmittance of Dielectric Lamellae

We derive an analytic formula for the transmittance of a dielectric amelia when the interference between successive internal reflections is only partially spatially coherent. This allows effects such as surface roughness and nonparallelism, which produce cumulative distortions in the phase front with each reflection, and which result in a loss of fringe contrast at high frequencies, to be accounted for quantitatively. The transmittance of a Si lamella, measured with a Fourier-transform interferometer over the range 20 to 1000 cm -1 agrees with our formula to within the accuracy of the data, which is dominated by systematic instrumental effects.
Polarization insensitivity in epsilon-near-zero metamaterial from plasmonic aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

We investigated the optical characteristics and polarization insensitivity of an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial structure comprising aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) hosted by a medium of ligands. By the use of an equivalent circuit model for the pairs of NPs, or dimers, and also of fullwave simulations, we studied the response of this self-assembled metamaterial for near-infrared applications. Considering the coupling of localized surface plasmons, we demonstrated the dominance of a certain dimer configuration and then applied this result to the whole medium as a simplifying approximation for a random structure. The consequent results showed a polarization insensitivity and also a general redshift in the plasmon resonance of the structure.
Abstract 1294: A pilot study of FBRSL1 and melanoma: What's the connection

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA FBRSL1 is a novel protein and a member of a heterogeneous group of proteins that form polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). The canonical function of PRC1 is monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119 which has been associated with nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced DNA lesions; however, the role FBRSL1 plays in the PRC1 complex is unknown. Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms residing in FBRSL1 have been shown to modify melanoma risk following indoor tanning. Since very little is known about the function of FBRSL1, the connection between FBRSL1 and melanoma is unclear. To investigate FBRSL1 expression in relationship to melanoma, we performed an immunohistochemistry (IHC) pilot study, using antibodies against both the long and short forms of murine FBRSL1, on a small set of melanoma tumor and benign patient tissues. Our results indicate that both murine antibodies recognize FBRSL1 in human skin. The FBRSL1 amino acid sequence is highly conserved between mice and humans, but only the long isoform has been validated in humans indicating that further characterization of the human isoforms of FBRSL1 is needed. Additionally, we found FBRSL1 expression only in melanoma tissues, and not in benign tissues. Future directions include validating these results in a larger group of patients using both melanoma and benign tissues to confirm the relationship between FBRSL1 expression and melanoma. Ultimately, we will investigate the association between FBRSL1 and patient characteristics that modify melanoma risk and prognosis. We expect that these results will inform experiments to elucidate the role of FBRSL1 in melanoma. Citation Format: Jenna Marie Lilyquist, Pedro Lee, Marianne Berwick, Danny Reinberg. A pilot study of FBRSL1 and melanoma: What's the connection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1294. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1294
What is shale to a petrophysicist

What is a shale? In a recent presentation to the Geophysical Society of Houston, Rune Holt attempted to answer the question by listing three attributes of a shale: (1) clay minerals should constitute the load-bearing framework; (2) shales have nanometer pore sizes and nanodarcy permeability; (3) surface area is large, and water is adsorbed on surfaces or bound inside clay platelets. This is a good definition of shales, but perhaps a typical geophysicist may not know how to apply it in practice with typical data sets. In particular, a geophysicist often has no core data and is limited to well logs. This article describes how petrophysicists traditionally distinguish sands from shales using typical well logs in clastic sections. Only lean shales with minimal organic content are considered here.
Developing Students’ Thought Processes for Choosing Appropriate Statistical Methods

Students often struggle to select appropriate statistical tests when investigating research questions. The authors present a lesson study designed to make students’ thought processes visible while considering this choice. The authors taught their students a way to organize knowledge about statistical tests and observed its impact in the classroom and in students’ written work. The results from this intervention were mixed, but the authors discuss where they found evidence for improvement in students’ performance and thought processes. The classroom observations revealed that students have difficulty identifying variables and understanding the precise use of statistical language.
A mathematical model of cycle-specific chemotherapy

A mathematical model is used to discuss the effects of cycle-specific chemotherapy. The model includes a constraint equation which describes the effects of the drugs on sensitive normal tissue such as bone marrow. This model investigates both pulsed and piecewise-continuous chemotherapeutic effects and calculates the parameter regions of acceptable dose and period. It also identifies the optimal period needed for maximal tumor reduction. Examples are included concerning the use of growth factors and how they can enhance the cell kill of the chemotherapeutic drugs.
Neuronal Analysis of Wave Form in the Time Domain: Midbrain Units in Electric Fish during Social Behavior

A fish of the genus Eigenmannia responds differently to a neighboring conspecific fish with a slightly higher frequency of the electric organ discharge than its own than to one with a slightly lower such frequency than its own. When the two frequencies are beating against each other the special wave shape of the electric organ discharge leads to asymmetries of the beat pattern which are distinct for the two cases. Midbrain neurons, called "deltaF recoders," sign and magnitude of the frequency difference on the basis of these patterns. that is, in the time rather than the frequency domain.
Disruption of aldehyde reductase increases group size in dictyostelium

Developing Dictyostelium cells form structures containing approximately 20,000 cells. The size regulation mechanism involves a secreted counting factor (CF) repressing cytosolic glucose levels. Glucose or a glucose metabolite affects cell-cell adhesion and motility; these in turn affect whether a group stays together, loses cells, or even breaks up. NADPH-coupled aldehyde reductase reduces a wide variety of aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols, including converting glucose to sorbitol. The levels of this enzyme previously appeared to be regulated by CF. We find that disrupting alrA, the gene encoding aldehyde reductase, results in the loss of alrA mRNA and AlrA protein and a decrease in the ability of cell lysates to reduce both glyceraldehyde and glucose in an NADPH-coupled reaction. Counterintuitively, alrA- cells grow normally and have decreased glucose levels compared with parental cells. The alrA- cells form long unbroken streams and huge groups. Expression of AlrA in alrA- cells causes cells to form normal fruiting bodies, indicating that AlrA affects group size. alrA- cells have normal adhesion but a reduced motility, and computer simulations suggest that this could indeed result in the formation of large groups. alrA- cells secrete low levels of countin and CF50, two components of CF, and this could partially account for why alrA- cells form large groups. alrA- cells are responsive to CF and are partially responsive to recombinant countin and CF50, suggesting that disrupting alrA inhibits but does not completely block the CF signal transduction pathway. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy indicates that the concentrations of several metabolites are altered in alrA- cells, suggesting that the Dictyostelium aldehyde reductase affects several metabolic pathways in addition to converting glucose to sorbitol. Together, our data suggest that disrupting alrA affects CF secretion, causes many effects on cellular metabolism, and has a major effect on group size.
Timing matters: using optogenetics to chronically manipulate neural circuitry and rhythms

The ability to probe defined neural circuits with both the spatial and temporal resolution imparted by optogenetics has transformed the field of neuroscience. Although much attention has been paid to the advantages of manipulating neural activity at millisecond timescales in order to elicit time-locked neural responses, little consideration has been given to the manipulation of circuit activity at physiologically relevant times of day, across multiple days. Nearly all biological events are governed by the circadian clock and exhibit 24 h rhythms in activity. Indeed, neural circuit activity itself exhibits a daily rhythm with distinct temporal peaks in activity occurring at specific times of the day. Therefore, experimentally probing circuit function within and across physiologically relevant time windows (minutes to hours) in behaving animals is fundamental to understanding the function of any one particular circuit within the intact brain. Furthermore, understanding how circuit function changes with repeated manipulation is important for modeling the circuit-wide disruptions that occur with chronic disease states. Here, we review recent advances in optogenetic technology that allow for chronic, temporally specific, control of circuit activity and provide examples of chronic optogenetic paradigms that have been utilized in the search for the neural circuit basis of behaviors relevant to human neuropsychiatric disease.
Koppitz scoring system as a measure of Bender-Gestalt performance in behaviorally and emotionally disturbed adolescents

Data are presented to assess the use of the Koppitz scoring system for the Bender-Gestalt Test in a sample (N = 87) of behaviorally and emotionally disturbed adolescents. Results suggested that age was modestly related to Koppitz Developmental scores, an indication that visual-motor skills continue to develop beyond age 11. Scores were related to spatial perception skills as measured on the WISC-R. Gender, primary psychiatric diagnosis, educational tests, and MMPI scores were not related to Bender performance. Findings are discussed in terms of a need for additional research into the utility of the Bender as a measure of visual-motor skills in adolescents.