cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progeria: Reduced growth of human progeric-mouse hybrids

Abstract Progeria is an autosomal recessive disorder showing precocious senility. Cultured skin fibroblasts from both homozygotes and heterozygotes show decreased growth. Hybrids formed by fusion of progeric fibroblasts and mouse Ehrlich ascites cells can also be distinguished from normal fibroblast-mouse ascites hybrids by decreased cell growth in culture. Such human-mouse hybrids should eventually permit assignment to one chromosome pair.
Mechanisms of AIDS-related lymphoma pathogenesis

Antiretroviral therapy has decreased the risk of lymphoma in the HIV-positive patient population, yet the incidence is still approximately 70-times greater than the incidence in the noninfected population. While some AIDS-related lymphomas are associated with oncogenic viruses (EBV and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus), there are a significant percentage of tumors that do not contain detectable known oncogenic viruses. We suggest that HIV may play an indirect role in AIDS-related lymphomagenesis for a subset of tumors. This review will highlight and discuss the potential lymphomagenic effects of HIV within B cells and the possible mechanisms by which HIV infection contributes to lymphomagenesis in conjunction with macrophage infection.
Improving the NPD Process by Applying Lean Principles: A Case Study

Abstract:This article extends the new product development (NPD) literature by presenting a case study of a lean product development (LPD) transformation framework implemented at a U.S. based manufacturing firm. In a departure from typical LPD methods, in this article the design structure matrix and the cause and effect matrix are integrated into the lean transformation framework, allowing analysis of the underlying complexity of a product development (PD) system, and thus facilitating determination of the root causes of wasteful reworks. Several strategies to transform the current PD process into a lean process are discussed. Besides the two-phase improvement plan, a new organizational structure roadmap and a human resources plan are also suggested to support the recommended changes in the NPD process. The results of the first phase show a 32% reduction in PD cycle time due to the proposed NPD process. The article concludes with lessons learned and implications for engineering managers based on the case s...
Pelagic tar and plastic in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea: 1975

Abstract Seventy-one tows of 740 m 2 each were made in search of pelagic tar and plastics in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea during the period October 1974 to October 1975. Tar was observed on nine occasions while plastics were found six times. The arithmetic mean value of tar abundance, 3.3 × 10 −3 mg/m 2 , is considerably lower than most other oceanic areas for which values have been reported. Gas chromatographic analysis of this tar indicates that it is more extensively weathered than tar from the north Atlantic. An estimate of the abundance of tar lumps too small to be sampled by net tows is made based on the assumption that there are equal weights of particles in logarithmetically equal size intervals. The abundance of pelagic plastics is also low.
Density functional theory in transition-metal chemistry: A self-consistent Hubbard U approach

Transition-metal centers are the active sites for a broad variety of biological and inorganic chemical reactions. Notwithstanding this central importance, density-functional theory calculations based on generalized-gradient approximations often fail to describe energetics, multiplet structures, reaction barriers, and geometries around the active sites. We suggest here an alternative approach, derived from the Hubbard U correction to solid-state problems, that provides an excellent agreement with correlated-electron quantum chemistry calculations in test cases that range from the ground state of Fe-2 and Fe-2(-) to the addition elimination of molecular hydrogen on FeO+. The Hubbard U is determined with a novel self-consistent procedure based on a linear-response approach.
Age-related changes in the neuromuscular junctions in the human posterior cricoarytenoid muscles: A quantitative study†

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is unique histochemically, ultrastructurally, and functionally. It has been suggested that the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle undergoes early aging. Aging in peripheral nerves has been reported to resemble a "dying back" neuropathy in that the most severe and earliest age-related changes occur at the most distal levels of the nerve fibers. The lengths and terminal axonal branching of neuromuscular junctions in 17 human posterior cricoarytenoid muscles aged 4 days to 95 years were determined. Both neuromuscular junction lengths and the numbers of axonal terminal branches in the very young group differed significantly from values in two older groups. In contrast to results reported for some other muscles, there was no significant age-related change in these parameters in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during adult life. This difference may be related to the repetitive contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.
Bandwidth and mode intensities of guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering in optical fibers

The overall bandwidth of guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering has been measured in optical fibers with different fiber core diameters. The relative intensity of the light scattering produced by the different acoustic modes is compared with theory and shows good agreement when the optical fiber has its polymer jacket removed. The mode intensities and linewidths in a jacketed optical fiber are modified by the selective damping of individual guided acoustic modes.
The vibrational spectra of sulfones

Abstract A detailed vibrational assignment for dimethyl sulfone has been carried out. This molecule, which has been previously shown to belong to point group C2υ, is roughly an accidental spherical top. The infrared band contours of several fundamental vibrations in the vapor have been determined and are discussed with regard to this top symmetry. The infrared spectra of a number of other sulfones have been determined in the range 2000-250 cm−1. Of the four SO2 bending vibrations, only the SO2 scissoring and wagging vibrations are sufficiently localized to be of value as group frequencies.
Women in dentistry—a review of the literature

The status of women in dentistry—past, present, and future—is reviewed. In the dental profession, the percentage of women has not changed appreciably over the last 50 years. Today, about 3.5% of the nation’s dentists are women. In 1920, 3% of the dentists in this country were women. This review will examine some of the issues as they pertain to women in dentistry and as they refer to these topics: the situation of female dental students and female dentists in this country; reasons why more women are not attracted to dentistry; and suggestions for recruitment efforts to increase the number of women in the dental profession.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in the Treatment of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency: Studies in Young Pigs

ABSTRACT: Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) occurs in infants fed fat-free mixtures of glucose and amino acids. Although infusion of lipid emulsion rapidly reverses clinical symptoms, little is known about effects on tissue fatty acids. To study this question, five groups (n = 4/group) of neonatal pigs were studied. Three groups (I, II, and V) were made EFAD by feeding diets without essential fatty acids (EFA) for days 5 to 33 of life. Groups III and IV were fed a control diet. By 33 days, animals fed the deficient diet showed clinical symptoms and biochemical signs of EFAD. On days 33 to 54 of life, group I animals were fed the EFA-deficient diet and infused with lipid emulsion, providing 3.6% of energy as linoleic acid; group II animals were fed the deficient diet and infused with linoleic acid at 7.2% of energy; group V animals were fed the deficient diet with no lipid emulsion; group III and IV animals were fed the EFA-deficient diet and provided EFA intravenously. Infusion of lipid emulsion rapidly reversed clinical symptoms of EFAD and returned plasma phospholipid ω6 fatty acids levels to normal. However, erythrocyte and liver phospholipid ω6 fatty acid content and adipose tissue reserves of ω6 fatty acids normalized more slowly. Three weeks of infusion of linoleic acid at 3.6% of energy and 2 weeks of infusion at 7.2% of energy were required to return erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids to normal. Liver phospholipid fatty acid composition still showed biochemical evidence of EFAD in animals treated with linoleic acid at 3.6% of energy for 3 wk. Adipose tissue reserves of ω6 fatty acids did not return to normal in animals treated for 3 wk with linoleic acid at 3.6% of energy. Two to 3 wk of treatment with linoleic acid at 7.2% of energy was required to return adipose tissue 6ω fatty acids reserves to normal.
On the Deviations in the Skorokhod-Strassen Approximation Scheme

In deriving his strong invariance principles, Strassen used a construction of Skorokhod: if the univariate d. f. F has first, second, and fourth moments 0, 1, and Β<t8, respectively, then there is a probability space on which are defined a standard Brownian motion {ξ(t), t≧0} and a sequence of nonnegative i.i.d. Skorokhod random variables {T i i>0} such that $$\left\{ {\xi \left( {\sum\limits_1^{n + 1} {T_i } } \right) - \xi \left( {\sum\limits_1^n {T_i } } \right),n \geqq 0} \right\}$$ are i. i. d. with d. f. F. Let $$Z = \mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \pm {{\left[ {\xi \left( {\sum\limits_1^n {T_i } } \right) - \xi (n)} \right]} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left[ {\xi \left( {\sum\limits_1^n {T_i } } \right) - \xi (n)} \right]} {[n(\log n)^2 \log \log n]^{\tfrac{1}{4}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {[n(\log n)^2 \log \log n]^{\tfrac{1}{4}} }}$$ Strassen showed Z=O(1) wp 1. We prove Z=(2Β)1/4 wp 1. Consequently Z=0 wp 1 implies F is Gaussian, answering a special case of a question of Strassen. Analogous results hold for cases where $$\xi \left( {n\sum\limits_1^n {T_i } } \right)$$ is not a sum of independent random variables.
A statistical methodology for mammographic density detection.

A statistical methodology is presented based on a chi-square probability analysis that allows the automated discrimination of radiolucent tissue (fat) from radiographic densities (fibroglandular tissue) in digitized mammograms. The method is based on earlier work developed at this facility that shows mammograms may be considered as evolving from a linear filtering operation where a random input field is passed through a 1/f filtering process. The filtering process is reversible which allows the solution of the input field with knowledge obtained from the raw image (the output). The input field solution is analogous to a prewhitening technique or deconvolution. This field contains all the information of the raw image in a much simplified format that can be approximated and analyzed with parametric methods. In the work presented here evidence indicates that there are two random events occurring in the input field with differing variances: (1) one relating to fat tissue with the smaller variance, and (2) the second relating to all other tissue with the larger variance. A statistical comparison of the variances is made by scanning the image with a small search window. A relaxation method allows for making a reliable estimate of the smaller variance which is considered as the global reference. If a local variance deviates significantly from the reference variance, based on chi-square analysis, it is labeled as nonfat; otherwise it is labeled as fat. This statistical test procedure results in a region by region continuous labeling of fat and nonfat tissue across the image. In the work presented here, the emphasis is on the methodology development with supporting preliminary results that are very encouraging. It is widely accepted that mammographic density is a breast cancer risk factor. An important application of this work is to incorporate density-based risk analysis into the ongoing statistical-based detection work developed at this facility. Additional applications include risk analysis dependent on either percentages or total amounts of fat or dense tissue. This work may be considered as the initial step in introducing many of the known breast cancer risk factors into the actual imagedata analysis.
The legacy of Tycho Brahe.

L'heritage de Tycho Brahe, astronome danois du XVIe siecle, vu sous trois angles differents : tel que l'auteur le percoit apres avoir suivi un symposium marquant le 400e anniversaire de la mort de Brahe, en reprenant la perception de l'astronome lui-meme, et enfin, tel que les historiens de la science percoivent cet heritage de nos jours, notamment a travers le travail de Kepler, son disciple a Prague.
SearchGen: a synthetic workload generator for scientific literature digital libraries and search engines

Due to the popularity of web applications and their heavy usage, it is important to obtain a good understanding of their workloads in order to improve performance of search services. Existing works have typically focused on generic web workloads without putting emphasis on specific domains. In this paper, we analyze the usage logs of CiteSeer, a scientific literature digital library and search engine, to characterize workloads for both robots and users. Essential ingredients that contribute to workloads are proposed. Among them we find the access intervals show high variance, and thus cannot be predicted well with time-series models. On the other hand, client visiting path and semantics can be well captured with probabilistic models and Zipf-law. Based on the findings, we propose SearchGen, a synthetic workload generator to output traces for scientific literature digital libraries and search engines. A comparison between synthetic workloads and actual logged traces suggests that the synthetic workload fits well.
Enoximone in severe heart failure: clinical results and effects on β-adrenergic receptors

Abstract Over a 3-year period enoximone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilator properties, was administered to 72 patients with end-stage heart failure before heart transplantation. Only three patients required cessation of enoximone due to adverse effects, which were all exacerbations of ventricular arrhythmias. Ultimately, 65 patients (90%) received transplants, a mean of 27 ± 4 days (range, 1–221 days) after starting enoximone, while 7 patients (10%) died awaiting cardiac transplantation. In 41 patients who required the additional use of intravenous inotropic support with dobutamine or dobutaminedopamine, 8 (20%) were able to be weaned from intravenous inotropic support after enoximone was initiated. The 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month survival rates of subjects treated with enoximone were 93%, 87%, 81% and 79%, respectively. For all patients treated with enoximone, the 12-month actuarial survival from time of placement on the waiting list was 79%, compared to 81% ( P = NS) for 115 pretransplant patients not receiving enoximone. In 24 patients who received enoximone, ventricular myocardial β-adrenergic receptors were measured at the time of transplantation and compared to values in failing ventricles form 49 pretransplant patients not given enoximone. Compared to failing controls not given enoximone or intravenous β-agonists, total β ( β 1 and β 2 ) receptor density was not decreased in subjects treated with enoximone or enoximone plus intravenous β-agonists, but was decreased by 31% ( P β 2 -receptor densities than the respective controls treated without (25% higher, P P It was concluded that in subjects with end-stage heart failure, inotrope/vasodilator therapy with enoximone is a useful adjunct to therapy, and leads to no adverse effects on survial or on the contractile apparatus in isolated myocardial tissue. It does not cause β-adrenergic receptor down-regulation or receptor pathway desensitization, and indeed appears to lead to β 2 -receptor up-regulation. Enoximone may prevent β-agonist-induced β 2 -receptor down-regulation.
Thermoluminescence and new 14C age estimates for late quaternary loesses in southwestern Nebraska

Abstract Loess of late Quaternary age mantles most of Nebraska south of the Platte River Valley. At least five late Quaternary loesses are recognized: from oldest to youngest, one or more undifferentiated pre-Illinoian loesses, the Loveland Loess, the Gilman Canyon Loess, which exhibits a well developed soil and rests unconformably on the Sangamon soil, the Peoria Loess capped by the Brady soil, and the Bignell Loess, which is distributed discontinuously. Previous research shows that the Loveland Loess is Illinoian, the Gilman Canyon Loess and Peoria Loess are Wisconsin, and the Bignell Loess is Holocene. We present here the first thermoluminescence (TL) age estimates and new 14 C ages for these late Quaternary loesses at two key sections in southwestern Nebraska, the Eustis ash pit and the Bignell Hill road cut. TL age estimates from all samples collected from Eustis ash pit and Bignell Hill were internally consistent. TL and 14 C age estimates from these two sections generally agree and support previous age determinations. The TL age estimate on Loveland Loess indicates deposition at 163 ka. TL and radiocarbon age estimates indicate that Gilman Canyon Loess, believed to be deposited during the Farmdale interstade, first began to accumulate at about 40 ka: the lower part of the Gilman Canyon Loess is 36 ka at Eustis and the middle of the unit is 30 ka at Bignell Hill. The lower and upper parts of the Peoria Loess give age estimates of 24 ka and 17 ka, respectively. TL age estimates for deposition of the Bignell Loess are 9 ka near the base, in agreement with radiocarbon age estimates, and 6 ka immediately below the modern soil, substantiating its Holocene age. Comparisons of TL age estimates with δ 18 O and insolation curves which show loess deposition during interglacial and interstadial as well as glacial periods, indicate that loess deposition on the Great Plains can occur under a variety of climatic conditions.
Prediction of the mean backward π−p → πon differential cross section down to 2.0 GeV/c

Abstract The (N α ,Δ δ ) Reggeized baryon exchange model which satisfactorily explains recent high energy backward π±p scattering data is shown to extrapolate through the mean π±p cross sections in the 2–5 GeV/ c range. From this empirical observation we suggest that intermediate energy measurements of π − p→ π o n backward scattering will allow a resolution of the relative sign ambiguity between the Δ δ and N α residues and serve as a further test of the Reggeized baryon exchange mechanism.
Israel and Iran in the New Middle East

Students of Middle Eastern policy and policy-makers in Europe and the United States have traditionally addressed the two Middle East subsystems – the Persian Gulf and the Levant – separately. This assumption was challenged by the July War from 12 July to 14 August 2006 between Israel and Hezbollah, largely seen as a proxy contest between Israel and Iran. This article examines the historical relationship between Tel Aviv and Tehran and its deterioration into proxy war. Particular attention is given to the creation of Hezbollah in 1982. The article also identifies the major changes in the emerging security environment in the Middle East following the 2006 war. The experience of the war shows that military means no longer are sufficient to end Middle East conflict. Although the war occurred largely as part of a reaction against the Middle East peace process, the experience reaffirms the overwhelming importance of a long-term solution that establishes a genuine peace between Israel and its neighbours and crea...
Complete degradation of carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and methane by syntrophic cultures of Acetobacterium woodii and Methanosarcina barkeri

Methanosarcina barkeri (strain MS) grew and converted acetate to CO2 and methane after an adaption period of 20 days. Growth and metabolism were rapid with gas production being comparable to that of cells grown on H2 and CO2. After an intermediary growth cycle under a H2 and CO2 atmosphere acetateadapted cells were capable of growth on acetate with formation of methane and CO2. When acetate-adapted Methanosarcina barkeri was co-cultered with Acetobacterium woodii on fructose or glucose as substrate, a complete conversion of the carbohydrate to gases (CO2 and CH4) was observed.
The gain-resistance product of the half-wave dipole

It is shown that the gain-resistance product of a half-wave dipole remains constant, although mutual effects of nearby dipoles, or nearby conducting planes, cause its resistance to vary. Thus the gain, the effective area, and the antenna factor of the dipole vary as well.
Interaction of selenate with a wetland sediment

Abstract Selenate removal from solution through various biogeochemical processes occurred in experiments with wetland sediment. The removal of selenate from solution to sediment was rapid and substantial. About 44–80% of added selenate was accumulated in sediment in a 72-h incubation. Different biogeochemical processes competed in removing selenate from water. Reduction of selenate to elemental Se dominated removal with a reduction rate of 0.147 μg/g/h. Formation of organically-bound Se (organic material Se and adsorbed organic Se) also removed Se from water; the rate of Se binding to organic material was 0.065 μg/g/h. In contrast, selenate adsorption was relatively less important due to a low adsorption rate, 0.013 μg/g/h. Volatilization removed little Se from water and sediment. These results show that Se reduction to the elemental form and binding of Se to organic material are the most important processes removing selenate from water and fixing it in wetland sediment.
Frequent-flier games: The problem of employee abuse

Executive Overview Since American Airlines introduced frequent-flier programs in 1981, an estimated twenty-four million people have joined approximately forty programs, earning about 875 billion miles of credit. Most frequent fliers are businesspeople collecting mileage credits while traveling on corporate expense. Employers and other observers assume that many of them pad this perk by arranging unnecessary or circuitous travel on premium fares at less than convenient times. Some corporations have taken steps to minimize or curtail abuse by putting restrictions on employee travel arrangements, or by recapturing the awards for future business trips, the latter resulting in an estimated three to five percent saving on corporate airline travel expenses. However, the corporate confiscation of travel awards often creates employee hostility, especially when some of the mileage credits are earned on non-business trips and activities. U.S. airlines do not allow separate corporate accounts, so neither employer nor...
Occupational illnesses from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides among agricultural applicators in California, 1982-1985

Abstract California pesticide illness investigation reports involving toxicity category I or II organophosphate and carbamate pesticide exposures among agricultural pesticide applicators were reviewed for the years 1982–1985. The pesticides associated with each illness were recorded, and the exposures were classified as chronic, short-term, or accidental. Illnesses were associated with a range of pesticides, including both organophosphates and carbamates in both toxicity categories I and II. Approximately 19% of the illnesses were due to accidents. Overall, the analysis identified a need for improving occupational health surveillance and the regulations governing worker health and safety.
Supervision of ambulatory cassette EEG screening: a strategy based on the temporal distribution of epileptiform abnormalities.

Abstract The interposition of screening personnel in the analysis of extended cassette EEG recordings requires a method for supervision by the responsible electroencephalographer. To this end, analysis was undertaken of the temporal distribution of epileptiform abnormalities and seizures on cassette EEG in 40 epilepsy unit inpatients for whom these abnormalities were confirmed by simultaneous cable telemetry. Epileptiform abnormalities were noted in the hour following sleep onset in 38 patients (92%). Seizures occurred primarily in wakefulness. One hundred cassette EEG tapes obtained for clinical purposes and previously found to contain evidence of epilepsy were then subjected to an abbreviated review. Eighty-seven contained epileptiform abnormalities in the first hour of sleep, and 7 additional tapes contained only EEG seizure activity coincident with reported clinical events. Considering that fewer than 20% of cassette recordings obtained in unrestricted clinical use are likely to harbor epileptiform abnormalities or seizures, correct identification of about 99% of tapes as normal or abnormal can be anticipated with an abbreviated review consisting of (1) analysis of the first hour of sleep; and (2) analysis of reported clinical events if no abnormalities are noted in the first hour of sleep. Such a review is sufficiently accurate to serve as a supervisory analysis of cassette EEG tapes that have been previously screened and reported to lack evidence of epilepsy.
Engaging Students in Research: The Use of Professional Dialogue

Graduate students frequently have difficulty defining, developing, and resolving research problems in a manner consistent with the agricultural economics community. We report on a seminar that focuses on professional dialogue to assist graduate students to integrate subject matter courses into independent research proposals. Professional dialogue involves developing arguments to explain and resolve questions where the explanations are supported by warranted evidence and appropriately qualified. The premise of the seminar is that more active problem solvers are developed using professional dialogue to sharpen critical thinking and writing skills.
Panel on the development, maintenance, and use of course web sites

Course Web sites are fast becoming standard features of college courses. Some students expect all their courses to have such sites, just like they expect them to have syllabi. Course Web sites help professors communicate with students and students communicate with each other. They might summarize lectures, present assignments, serve as repositories of examples developed by students as well as the professor, and provide links to additional related information on the Web.This panel will discuss various aspects of course Web sites, focusing on their development, maintenance, and use. We will share experiences by presenting examples, highlighting successes and failures, and describing our hopes and concerns for the future. The panel will welcome comments from those in the audience with similar and even contradictory experiences. Our intention is to broaden participants' thinking on the implementation and use of course Web sites and spawn insights that might lead to more effective use of this important course component.
Rad is temporally regulated within myogenic progenitor cells during skeletal muscle regeneration.

The successful use of myogenic progenitor cells for therapeutic applications requires an understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic cues involved in their regulation. Herein we demonstrate the ex...
Collaborative computing: collaboration first, computing second

These articles on Collaborative Computing will seem out of place to a number of readers from the computer science community. Interesting articles perhaps, but what do they have to do with computers? Where is the science—that is, where is the mathematics, or the code? What have these issues to do with everyday practice?
Intermittent claudication: an objective office-based assessment.

Abstract OBJECTIVES We sought to compare standard lower extremity vascular laboratory treadmill exercise with the office-based active pedal plantarflexion technique. BACKGROUND Intermittent claudication is relatively common in elderly patients and is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive testing using resting and posttreadmill exercise ankle:brachial systolic blood pressure indices is often required to confirm the diagnosis and objectively assess the severity of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. This is traditionally performed in a formal vascular laboratory setting. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients (100 lower extremities) with known or suspected intermittent claudication referred for lower extremity treadmill exercise testing were also tested with active pedal plantarflexion using a prospective, randomized crossover design. Supine ankle:brachial systolic blood pressure indices were measured immediately before and after each form of exercise. RESULTS There was an excellent correlation (r = 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 0.97) between mean postexercise ankle:brachial systolic blood pressure indices for treadmill exercise and active pedal plantarflexion. There was no significant difference in outcome based on the order of testing or the severity of arterial occlusive disease. Symptoms of angina or dyspnea occurred in 11 patients (22%) with treadmill exercise versus zero patients with active pedal plantarflexion. CONCLUSIONS Active pedal plantarflexion is an office-based test that compares favorably with treadmill exercise for the noninvasive, safe, objective and economical assessment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.
Cell Adhesion and Deformation Under Dynamic Shear Flow in a Micro-Channel

Progress has been made in the area of cell-fluid interaction considering deformation, adhesion, and rolling in a shear flow, for example, the seminal work of Dembo and colleagues [1]. Several other studies have also performed to provide a better understanding on the phenomena [2–4]. The dynamics of fluid flow and cell deformation add complexity to the complicated adhesion interaction problem. The objective of this study has aimed on developing a biomechanical model that can be used to predict the cell-endothelium interaction under the transient flow condition. To elucidate the roles of flow force, adhesion force, adhesion interaction, and cell deformation in leukocyte rolling under a shear flow, a model combining fluid-cell interaction and reaction-limited cell-substrate adhesion kinetics has been developed. In this paper, the cell is modeled as an elastic solid and fluid-cell interaction is modeled as the fluid-solid interaction.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Relationship of Nontraditional Sex-Role Attitudes to Severity of Women's Criminal Behavior

This study empirically examined the general hypothesis that the recent rise in aggressive women's criminal behavior is a response to nontraditional self-perceptions of the female sex-role. 50 femal...
Correction of Poland's Deformity Through a Hemiareolar Incision

Many techniques have been described to correct breast hypoplasia and asymmetry associated with Poland's syndrome. Some patients are not interested in permanent implants. Others are not suitable candidates for implants because of severe muscle and soft tissue deficiencies. In this case study, a two-stage procedure without permanent implants to address all the anomalies of Poland's breast deformity is presented. The first stage involved tissue expansion; in the second stage, the expander was replaced with a deepithelialized transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. The breast and chest wall reconstruction were accomplished through a hemiareolar incision.
Solution structure of RCL, a novel 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase

RCL is an enzyme that catalyzes the N-glycosidic bond cleavage of purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates, a novel enzymatic reaction reported only recently. In this work, we determined the solution structure by multidimensional NMR and provide a structural framework to elucidate its mechanism with computational simulation. RCL is a symmetric homodimer, with each monomer consisting of a five-stranded parallel beta-sheet sandwiched between five alpha-helices. Three of the helices form the dimer interface, allowing two monomers to pack side by side. The overall architecture featuring a Rossmann fold is topologically similar to that of deoxyribosyltransferases, with major differences observed in the putative substrate binding pocket and the C-terminal tail. The latter is seemingly flexible and projecting away from the core structure in RCL, but loops back and is positioned at the bottom of the neighboring active site in the transferases. This difference may bear functional implications in the context of nucleobase recognition involving the C-terminal carboxyl group, which is only required in the reverse reaction by the transferases. It was also noticed that residues around the putative active site show significant conformational variation, suggesting that protein dynamics may play an important role in the enzymatic function of apo-RCL. Overall, the work provides invaluable insight into the mechanism of a novel N-glycosidase from the structural point of view, which in turn will allow rational anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis drug design.
Crevice Repassivation Potential of Alloy 22 in High-Nitrate Dust Deliquescence Type Environments

The nitrate ion (NO{sub 3}{sup -}) is an inhibitor for crevice corrosion of Alloy 22 (N06022) in chloride (Cl{sup -}) aqueous solutions. Naturally formed electrolytes may contain both chloride and nitrate ions. The higher the ratio R = [NO{sub 3}{sup -}]/[Cl{sup -}] in the solution the stronger the inhibition of crevice corrosion. Atmospheric desert dust contains both chloride and nitrate salts, generally based on sodium (Na{sup +}) and potassium (K{sup +}). Some of these salts may deliquescence at relatively low humidity at temperatures on the order of 150 C and higher. The resulting deliquescent brines are highly concentrated and especially rich in nitrate. Electrochemical tests have been performed to explore the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in high chloride high nitrate electrolytes at temperatures as high as 150 C at ambient atmospheres. Naturally formed brines at temperatures higher than 120 C do not induce crevice corrosion in Alloy 22 because they contain high levels of nitrate. The inhibitive effect of nitrate on crevice corrosion is still active for temperatures higher than 100 C.
Reliability Improvement of Wire Bonds Subjected to Fatigue Stresses

The failure of wire bonds due to repeated flexure when semiconductor devices are operated in an on-off mode has been investigated. An accelerated fatigue testing apparatus was constructed and the major fatigue variables, aluminum alloy composition and bonding mechanism, were tested. The data showed Al-1% Mg wires to exhibit superior fatigue characteristics compared to Al-1% Cu or Al-1% Si and ultrasonic bonding to be better than thermo-compression bonding for fatigue resistance. Based on these results highly reliable devices were fabricated using Al-l% Mg wire with u1-trasonic bonding which withstood 1.2 × 105 power cycles with no failures.
Intentions to Share Injection Paraphernalia: An Empirical Test of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model among Injection Drug Users

The AIDS Risk Reduction Model is a theory-based representation of sequential psychosocial processes by which people may attempt to change their HIV risk behavior. These processes are said to occur in three stages: 1) labeling one's risk behavior as problematic, 2) forming an intention to change behavior, and 3) taking action to accomplish change. Cognitive and perceptual factors are said to influence progress across stages. This study tests the degree to which hypothesized relationships among factors at Stages 1 and 2 are consistent with cross-sectional data collected from a sample of HIV-negative injection drug users who reported recent sharing of drug injection paraphernalia ("works"). Findings indicate that intentions to share works less often in the future may be influenced directly by drug users' perceived risk of infection, which in turn is influenced by their level of HIV knowledge, perceived susceptibility to HIV, and perceived peer norms regarding drug-related risk reduction.
Recent advances in solid-phase epitaxial recrystallization of SOS with applications to CMOS and bipolar devices

Recent advances in solid-phase epitaxial recrystallization suggest that this technology may dramatically improve the crystallinity of heteroepitaxial silicon-on-insulators, such as silicon-on-sapphire (SOS). Recent improvements of 0.3- and 0.5-μm SOS films using two solid-phase epitaxial recrystallization processes (SPEAR and DSPE) are reported. Both techniques have reduced the total microtwin densities of SOS samples by more than 100-fold, while increasing electron and hole mobilities approximately 50%. The resulting properties are very close to those of bulk silicon. High-performance submicrometer CMOS devices and circuits in 0.3-μm recrystallized SOS films have been fabricated.
Validation of Sixteen Leukemia and Lymphoma Cell Lines as Controls for Molecular Gene Rearrangement Assays

Background: Assays for rearrangement of the immunoglobulin, T-cell receptor, bcr/abl , and bcl-2 genes are valuable tools to aid in the diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas and are now offered by many pathology laboratories. However, there is a lack of well-characterized and validated calibrators and positive controls for these assays. We therefore evaluated 16 readily available leukemia and lymphoma cell lines for their potential use as controls. Methods: DNA and RNA were isolated from each cell line and analyzed by Southern blot and PCR or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Rearrangements in the IgJH, IgJκ, TcR -β or TcR -γ, bcr/abl , and bcl-2 genes were detected by commercially available probes and primers. Cell lineages were confirmed by immunophenotyping. Results: Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements were identified in five B- and three T-cell lines, respectively. Two cell lines tested positive for the bcr/abl gene, and one was positive for the bcl-2 gene rearrangement by Southern blot. Conclusions: The 16 cell lines studied can be used as positive controls in molecular detection assays for gene rearrangements. The parallel processing of these cell lines with clinical samples can serve to quality control the experimental procedures from the first step of DNA or RNA extraction to the final step of result analysis.
Molecular calculations with the nonempirical ab initioMODPOT, VRDDO, and MODPOT/VRDDO procedures. XII. Carcinogenic 3‐methylcholanthrene and its metabolites using a MERGE technique

Ab initioMODPOT/VRDDO/MERGE calculations were carried out on carcinogenic 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) and its metabolites. The results for 3-MCA were compared to our earlier similar calculations for carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BP). Both compounds 3-MCA and BP are carcinogenic and are metabolically activated by similar mechanisms but in different positions. Both the calculated wave functions for 3-MCA and BP and the electrostatic molecular potential contour maps generated from these wave functions correctly reflect the similarity of mechanisms of metabolic activation and the differences in position. Our calculated results both for BP and for 3-MCA reflect accurately their experimentally observed behavior. Thus this combination of theoretical techniques can be used with confidence to describe the behavior of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) and their metabolites. The ab initioMODPOT/VRDDO method incorporates two very desirable options into our fast ab initio Gaussian programs: MODPOT–ab initio effective core model potentials—and a charge-conserving integral prescreening approximation which we named VRDDO (variable retention of diatomic differential overlap). For orbital energies and population analysis the MODPOT/VRDDO results agree to essentially three decimal places with completely ab initio calculations using the same valence atomic basis set. For this series of very closely related congeners our recent MERGE technique which allows reuse of integrals from a common skeletal fragment was used. The ab initioMODPOT/VRDDO/MERGE calculations were carried out for 3-MCA, 3-MCA oxides, 3-MCA dihydrodiols, and 3-MCA dihydrodiolepoxides. The metabolites investigated were 3-MCA 9,10-oxide; 3-MCA 7,8-oxide; 3-MCA 9,10-dihydrodiol [trans(axial, axial); trans(equatorial, equatorial); cis(axial, equatorial); cis(equatorial, axial)]; and 3-MCA 9,10-dihydrodiol–7,8-epoxide [for both conformations A and B of the dihydrodiol and for all stereoisomers of the dihydrodiolepoxides relative to below and above the plane: ααα, and ααβ αβα αββ βαα βαβ ββα and βββ (most stable)]. Calculations were also carried out for opening of the C7OC8 epoxide ring both towards C7 and C8 for the most stable isomer Aβββ (above the ring). Opening the epoxide ring between C7 and O leads to a more stable intermediate than opening the epoxide ring between C8 and O. Again, however, as with opening the epoxide ring in BP 7,8-dihydrodiol–9,10-epoxide there is no buildup of positive charge on C7 in the 3-MCA metabolites as postulated by some cancer researchers, but rather the C7 becomes slightly more negative. Nor is there a buildup of negative charge on the O atom, but rather it becomes slightly more positive. As the epoxide ring is opened further than 90° for the OC7C8 or OC8C7 angles, there appears to be a possible mixing of configurations that is being investigated further.
Heteromultimeric Potassium Channels Formed by Members of the Kv2 Subfamily

Four α-subunits are thought to coassemble and form a voltage-dependent potassium (K v ) channel. K v α-subunits belong to one of four major subfamilies (Kv1, Kv2, Kv3, Kv4). Within a subfamily up to eight different genetic isotypes exist (e.g., Kv1.1, Kv1.2). Different isotypes within the Kv1 or Kv3 subfamily coassemble. It is not known, however, whether the only two members of the vertebrate Kv2 subfamily identified thus far, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, heteromultimerize. This might account for the lack of detection of heteromultimeric Kv2 channels in situ despite the coexpression of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 mRNAs within the same cell. To probe whether Kv2 isotypes can form heteromultimers, we developed a dominant-negative mutant Kv2.2 subunit to act as a molecular poison of Kv2 subunit-containing channels. The dominant-negative Kv2.2 suppresses formation of functional channels when it is coexpressed in oocytes with either wild-type Kv2.2 or Kv2.1 subunits. These results indicate that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 subunits are capable of heteromultimerization. Thus, in native cells either Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 subunits are targeted at an early stage to different biosynthetic compartments or heteromultimerization otherwise is inhibited.
Quantitative Profiling Method for Oxylipin Metabolome by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and epoxygenase derived oxylipins, especially eicosanoids, play important roles in many physiological processes. Assessment of oxidized fatty acid levels is important for understanding their homeostatic and pathophysiological roles. Most reported methods examine these pathways in isolation. The work described here employed a solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization MS/MS (SPE-LC-ESI MS/MS) method to monitor these metabolites. In 21 min, 39 oxylipins were quantified along with eight corresponding internal standards. The limits of quantification were between 0.07 and 32 pg (20 pM-10 nM). Finally, the validated method was used to evaluate oxylipin profiles in lipopolysaccharide-exposed mice, an established septic inflammatory model. The method described here offers a useful tool for the evaluation of complex regulatory oxylipin responses in in vitro or in vivo studies.
Open Global Networks, Closed International Flows: World System and Political Economy of Hyperlinks in Cyberspace

/ The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to propose a conceptual framework incorporating various theoretical perspectives in the fields of sociology and mass communication to identify the det...
Optimizing habitat location for black-tailed prairie dogs in southwestern South Dakota

A spatial optimization model was formulated and used to maximize black-tailed prairie dog populations in the Badlands National Park and the Buffalo Gap National Grassland in South Dakota. The choice variables involved the strategic placement of limited additional protected habitat. Population dynamics were captured in formulations that reflected exponential population growth combined with the recalcitrant dispersal behavior of this social mammal that is important to many other species. The model results are compared to a previous paper which modeled the black-footed ferret, an aggressive disperser that is dependent upon prairie dogs for food and shelter.
Pre-eruptive neurological complications of the common contagious diseases, rubella, rubeola, roseola, and varicella.

Summary The literature concerning the appearance of neurological symptoms prior to the onset of the eruption in the common eruptive contagious diseases has been reviewed and the experience of this hospital during the past twenty years with the condition has been summarized. Pre-eruptive encephalitis or encephalomyelitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any childhood disease which presents acute neurological symptoms of unknown etiology.
Conformational preference in N,N‐dimethyl‐9‐carboxamido‐9,10‐dimethylacridane determined by NMR spectroscopy

The NMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-9-carboxamido- 9,10-dimethylacridane at ambient 41° revealed a chemical shift difference of 42 c.p.s. between the two amide methyl groups. At higher temperatures the peaks of the methyl groups moved toward each other, and finally, at 96° coalesced into a single peak. It was concluded that the amide moiety exists in a preferred conformation whereby the methyl group that is trans to the carbonyl oxygen is conformationally oriented over the aromatic system.
The viability of cells obtained using the Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator system and in bone graft from the iliac crest

We hypothesised that cells obtained via a Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator (RIA) system retain substantial osteogenic potential and are at least equivalent to graft harvested from the iliac crest. Graft was harvested using the RIA in 25 patients (mean age 37.6 years (18 to 68)) and from the iliac crest in 21 patients (mean age 44.6 years (24 to 78)), after which ≥ 1 g of bony particulate graft material was processed from each. Initial cell viability was assessed using Trypan blue exclusion, and initial fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis for cell lineage was performed. After culturing the cells, repeat FACS analysis for cell lineage was performed and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for osteocalcin, and Alizarin red staining to determine osteogenic potential. Cells obtained via RIA or from the iliac crest were viable and matured into mesenchymal stem cells, as shown by staining for the specific mesenchymal antigens CD90 and CD105. For samples from both RIA and the iliac crest there was a statistically significant increase in bone production (both p < 0.001), as demonstrated by osteocalcin production after induction. Medullary autograft cells harvested using RIA are viable and osteogenic. Cell viability and osteogenic potential were similar between bone grafts obtained from both the RIA system and the iliac crest. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1269–74.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PETROLOGY AND THE ARCHAEOMETRY OF LITHIC MATERIALS

For 50 years, archaeologists and physical scientists have been dating, determining the composition of and measuring stone tools, and reporting them in Archaeometry and many other journals. In Archaeometry specifically, the number of papers devoted to the analysis of lithic material has increased at least 30 times since 1958 and volume 1. This is a reflection not only of an increase in the number of scholars devoting their time to the archaeometry of stone, but also of increases in the quality and quantity of instrumental technology available to researchers in the field.