cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of vorapaxar for the prevention of atherothrombotic events

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is frequently caused by clot blockage of the coronary or peripheral arteries, and may lead to myocardial infarction (MI) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Despite advancements in management of atherosclerosis, mortality and ischemic rates remain high. Vorapaxar is a protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist, and prevents thrombin activation of PAR-1 receptors on platelets.Areas covered: Vorapaxar was studied in 2 landmark trials in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in those with history of atherosclerosis. For patients with ACS, vorapaxar did not significantly reduce rates of the primary efficacy outcome as compared to placebo. For patients with a history of atherosclerosis, vorapaxar significantly reduced rates of primacy outcome. However, in both landmark trials, vorapaxar significantly increased risks of bleeding, and significantly increases risks of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with a history of stroke. Vorapaxar was approved in 2014 in the...
The NIH Stem Cell Registry: an absence of gamete donor consent.

The URL for data presented herein is as follows:NIH Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research, http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/2009guidelines.
Development of a simple field test for vehicle exhaust to detect illicit use of dyed diesel fuel

Tax-free diesel fuel is intended for off-road uses such as agricultural operations, but illicit use of this fuel does occur and is a convenient way of evading payment of excise taxes. Current enforcement to prevent this practice involves visual inspection for the red azo dye added to the fuel to indicate its tax-free status. This approach, while very effective, has shortcomings such as the invasive nature of the tests and/or various deceptive tactics applied by tax evaders. A test designed to detect illicit dyed-fuel use by analyzing the vehicle exhaust would circumvent these shortcomings. This paper describes the development of a simple color spot test designed to detect the use of tax-free (i.e., dyed) fuel by analyzing the engine exhaust. Development efforts first investigated the combustion products of C.I. Solvent Red 164 (the azo dye formulation used in the United States to tag tax-free fuel). A variety of aryl amines were identified as characteristic molecular remnants that appear to survive combustion. A number of micro-analytical color tests specific for aryl amines were then investigated. One test that detected aryl amines by reacting with 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde seemed to be particularly applicable and was used in a proof-of-principle experiment. The 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde color spot test was able to clearly distinguish between engines that were burning regular fuel and those that were burning dyed diesel fuel. Further development will refine this color spot test to provide an easy-to-use field test.
PROMOTER STRENGTH INFLUENCES PHASE VARIATION OF NEISSERIAL OPA GENES

The opa multigene family of Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes 11 related outer-membrane proteins which phase vary in vitro and in vivo. Illegitimate recombination within direct pentameric DNA repeats, encoding the signal-peptide region of pre-Opas, leads to switches in expression states. Despite the conserved nature of the variation mechanism, specific genes are expressed at high frequencies in the transition from Opa– to Opa+. The genes which are expressed at elevated frequencies differ from the rest of the family with respect to promoter structure, based on sequence comparisons between the opa genes of strain MS11mk. We have analysed transcription of the opa gene family of N. gonorrhoeae MS11mk, focussing on the different promoters found among the 11 genes to determine whether increased levels of expression are associated with increased phase-variation rates. Primer extension and Northern blotting was used to assess the levels of transcription of three representative opa genes (opaA, B and C) in ‘on’ and ‘off’ states. Full-length opa mRNA was detected primarily in strains expressing the homologous gene. Truncated opa mRNA was constitutively expressed from all opa genes regardless of their expression state. Quantitative comparisons in N. gonorrhoeae were complicated by the simultaneous expression of all 11 genes and the cross-reactivity of mRNA probes. Expression levels from the individual promoters were therefore assessed by creating transcriptional and translational lacZ fusions to each of the representative opa promoters which lacked the DNA repeats responsible for variation. The expression levels were compared to the phase-variation rates of translational opa::phoA fusions containing the same promoters in addition to the corresponding coding repeat regions. A strong correlation was found between expression levels from the different promoters and the variation rates at which ‘on’ variants appeared from an ‘off’ population (i.e. opaA > opaB > opaC). These results provide an explanation for the favoured expression of specific Opa proteins and indicate that expression of opa genes may be regulated at the level of transcription.
Redox Cycling and Lipid Peroxidation: The Central Role of Iron Chelates

Toxicities associated with redox cycling, including lipid peroxidation, are often attributed to the hydroxyl radical through a superoxide-driven, iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. However, other cellular reducing agents more prevalent than superoxide, i.e., glutathione, ascorbate, cysteine and certain enzymes, can also reduce chelated iron and thereby initiate lipid peroxidation which is not inhibited by superoxide dismutase. The autoxidation of ferrous chelates yields partially reduced oxygen intermediates similar to those produced during the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. The mechanism of their formation, and the nature of the strong oxidant responsible for the initiation of lipid peroxidation are poorly understood, but are apparently influenced by the chelation of the iron. These conclusions stem from experiments which demonstrated variable amounts of inhibition of lipid peroxidation, dependent on the autoxidation of various ferrous chelates, by added superoxide dismutase or catalase. In addition, certain ferrous chelates are unable to initiate peroxidation of lipids in a liposomal configuration, yet capable of initiating peroxidation of lipids which were dispersed with a detergent. The results of these studies point out the need to isolate and identify the predominant physiological iron chelates for assessment of their ability to participate in redox related toxicities within the cell.
Providing assistance to the victims of adolescent dating violence: a national assessment of school nurses' practices.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the perceptions and practices of school nurses regarding adolescent dating violence (ADV). METHODS: The membership list of the National Association of School Nurses was used to identify a national random cross-sectional sample of high school nurses in the United States (N = 750). A valid and reliable survey instrument was developed and a 3-wave postal mailing procedure was used to maximize the return rate (57%). RESULTS: Most school nurses (86.4%) reported that they did not have a protocol in their schools to respond to an incident of ADV. The majority of nurses reported that in the past 2 years, training to assist victims of ADV had not been provided to personnel in their schools (88.1%) and their schools did not conduct periodic student surveys that include questions on teen dating abuse behaviors (71.5%). Nurses who had a school protocol for responding to an incident of ADV perceived significantly fewer barriers to assisting victims of ADV and assisted more victims. Over half (55.3%) of high school nurses reported assisting a victim of ADV in the past 2 years. CONCLUSION: Nurses appear to need more training in ADV. In addition, nurses found a number of barriers (eg, lack of training on ADV, lack of time, and lack of private space) to assisting student victims of ADV. Schools need to establish a means for assessing the status of ADV in their student population. Schools also need to provide in-service education for school personnel regarding prevention, assessment, and interdiction of ADV. Language: en
Understanding Hunting Constraints and Negotiation Strategies: A Typology of Female Hunters

This article examined a typology of female hunters, factors constraining participation, and negotiation strategies females used to overcome constraints. A survey of Oregon hunters was conducted in the summer of 2010 to understand hunting characteristics using the 2008 big game license database (n = 392). We created a typology of female hunters using a cluster analysis of Recreation Experience Preference items. Four clusters were identified: less-engaged, family oriented, nature-sport, and all around enthusiast. Analysis of variance revealed differences among female hunter segments. Differences existed among the four groups on both constraints and negotiation strategies. One of the notable groups was the family-oriented hunter. This type of hunter was the most likely to perceive constraints and the most likely to utilize negotiation strategies to increase their participation in hunting. Findings reveal nuanced differences between types of female hunters. These findings can assist managers with outreach str...
Rapid solidification and metallic glass formation – Experimental and theoretical limits

Most of the metallic glasses which have been identified to date require rapid solidification processing (RSP) in order to obtain the high cooling rates required to avoid the thermally activated decomposition reactions that result in the formation of crystalline phases. While the free-jet melt spinning technique is commonly used for the investigation of amorphous alloy formation, many of the key process parameters remain poorly understood. In the work presented here, we utilize high speed digital imaging to investigate various melt-pool characteristics and their influence on the melt-spun ribbon. With detailed measurements of melt-pool geometry and surface temperature, we show that the length of this molten zone establishes a critical length scale which characterizes the ribbon thickness and cooling rate. Within certain limits, the ribbon thickness is shown to correlate with a simple 2D laminar flow boundary layer formed at the base of the melt-pool. Estimates of initial quench rate, based on surface temperature measurements, clearly reveal the importance of two distinct cooling periods. The first is the wheel-contact period, where the ribbon remains in intimate contact with the quench wheel and cooling is primarily governed by the heat conduction across the ribbon-wheel boundary. The second is the free-flight period, where the ribbon separates from the wheel, and cooling is governed by radiation and convection into the chamber.
On Solvable Groups and Circulant Graphs

Let ? be Euler?s phi function. We prove that a vertex-transitive graph? of order n, with gcd(n, ?(n)) = 1, is isomorphic to a circulant graph of order n if and only if Aut(?) contains a transitive solvable subgroup. As a corollary, we prove that every vertex-transitive graph ? of order n is isomorphic to a circulant graph of order n if and only if for every such ?,Aut (?) contains a transitive solvable subgroup and n= 4, 6, or gcd(n, ?(n)) = 1.
Regression equations for disinfection by-products for the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri rivers

Trihalomethane and nonpurgeable total organic-halide formation potentials were determined for the chlorination of water samples from the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri Rivers. Samples were collected during the summer and fall of 1991 and the spring of 1992 at twelve locations on the Mississippi from New Orleans to Minneapolis, and on the Ohio and Missouri 1.6 km upstream from their confluences with the Mississippi. Formation potentials were determined as a function of pH, initial free-chlorine concentration, and reaction time. Multiple linear regression analysis of the data indicated that pH, reaction time, and the dissolved organic carbon concentration and/or the ultraviolet absorbance of the water were the most significant variables. The initial free-chlorine concentration had less significance and bromide concentration had little or no significance. Analysis of combinations of the dissolved organic carbon concentration and the ultraviolet absorbance indicated that use of the ultraviolet absorbance alone provided the best prediction of the experimental data. Regression coefficients for the variables were generally comparable to coefficients previously presented in the literature for waters from other parts of the United States.
A positional servo with improved characteristics

A simple servosystem is described which yields an improvement equivalent to a factor of 2 in the open-loop gain and 6db in the signal-to-noise ratio.
Indirect adaptive control of droplet dispensing in digital microfluidic systems

Digital microfluidics systems require advanced controllers to operate accurately since their parameters are subjected to change in environment and over time. Due to imperfect manufacturing processes, their fabricated system parameters may become different from the destined values. Hence, estimation based controllers are required to identify the system parameters. The electrowetting on dielectric can be precisely controlled to dispense desirable and repeatable droplets. However, the system parameters and their variation over time makes the control system challenging. This paper describes the application of an indirect adaptive trajectory controller for digital Pico-Droplet dispensing system. Forgetting factor recursive least square estimator is used to estimate the system parameters including capacitance and resistance of the occupying droplet between electrodes. Indirect adaptive technique is used to measure and control the droplet volume on the dispensing electrodes. Simulations of the estimator, tracking performance of dispensed droplet volume and the controller's control effort are provided to demonstrate an accurate and high performance control approach.
Sex Differences in Bone Mass Acquisition During Growth: The Fels Longitudinal Study

Abstract Risk of osteoporosis in later life may be determined during adolescence and young adulthood. The present study used longitudinal data to examine the accumulation of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Caucasian subjects ages 6–36 yr. Growth in BMC and BMD (measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry; Lunar, Madison, WI) of 94 males and 92 females was monitored for a mean period of 4.29 yr. The main findings were that there were no sex differences in BMC or BMD during the prepubertal stage; however, females had significantly higher BMD of the pelvis and BMC and BMD of the spine during puberty, and postpubertal males generally had significantly higher BMC and BMD than their female counterparts. In addition, the longitudinal rate of bone accumulation in both sexes increased rapidly during childhood and adolescence and was nearly complete at the end of puberty. Finally, peak BMC and BMD was achieved between the ages of 20 and 25 and occurred earlier in females than in males. The rates of growth and timing of peak bone mass as reported here define the crucial period during which intervention protocols should be developed for maximizing skeletal mass to prevent the development of osteoporosis.
Temperature-dependent photoabsorption cross sections in the VUV-UV region. I. Methane and ethane

Abstract Using synchrotron radiation as a continuum light source, we have measured the absolute photoabsorption cross sections of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) from their respective absorption thresholds to 120 nm , with a spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of 0.06 nm and at three different temperatures, i.e., 370, 295, and 150 K . Only moderate temperature effects are observed in the changes of cross-section values of these two molecules and are attributed to their high vibrational frequencies of the ground electronic states and their repulsive potential surfaces of the excited electronic states. When the gas temperature decreases from 360 to 150 K , the percentage changes of cross sections amount to a maximum of ±30% in CH4 at 142.5 nm and ±20% in C2H6 at 142.3 and 155 nm . The well-known vibrational progressions of C2H6 exhibit pronounced temperature effects in their band profiles which become narrower and sharper as the gas temperature decreases. The data presented are an extension of our effort to provide the required data to the planetary atmospheres community and will have an important impact on our understanding of the atmospheres of the giant planets.
Mullerian inhibiting substance binding and uptake.

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a 140,000 Mr Sertoli cell derived glycoprotein with a critical regulatory role in the male fetus initiated presumably by ligand binding with receptor. To localize this binding species we performed time course incubations of cultured fetal rat lungs or control tissues with MIS, applied rabbit anti-MIS IgG, and fluorescein conjugated antirabbit IgG, and examined specimens with laser confocal microscopy. Punctate surface fluorescence followed by cytosolic and nuclear localization in lung consistent with specific adsorptive endocytosis was seen. Confocal imaging also detected MIS binding to the Mullerian duct in the urogenital ridge. Crosslinking of 125I-MIS with plasma membranes revealed a high molecular mass binder with signal displaceable by excess unlabeled ligand. These data support the hypothesis that a specific plasma membrane binding protein for MIS exists. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Methylation of a membrane protein involved in bacterial chemotaxis

A protein methylation reaction involved in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli has been identified. The involvement of this reaction in chemotaxis in indicated by four lines of evidence. (a) The methylation reaction is altered in several classes of generally nonchemotactic mutants and is coreverted with the chemotaxis defects. (b) The methylation level of the protein is affected by chemotactic stimuli. (c) The transferred methyl group is derived from methionine and is labile, in accord with the known fact that chemotaxis requires a continuous supply of methionine. (d) Methylation is abnormal in various mutants having defective or missing flagella.
Using image analysis for lumbersize control measurements

Abstract An optical imaging system is proposed for monitoring thickness or width for onlinesize control in lumber production. Adaptations required to convert a general image analysis algorithm to this specific application are presented to illustrate the difficulty associated with applying imaging techniques to wood products processes. Several images containing common features that interfere with standard imaging techniques are used to illustrate the effects of key algorithm modifications and additions as well as parameter changes. Success with these images indicates that the proposed on-line system is feasible.
Predictors of Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: White and Asian American Women

The purpose of this study is to compare the pathways through which multiple contextual factors influence the quality of life in Asian American and White women living with cancer. This is a secondary analysis of the data from 95 Asian American women and 113 White women. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling. Multiple factors explained higher percent of total variances of the quality-of-life scores in Whites compared with that in Asian Americans.
Nucleation in nanostructures: Effects of embryo loss

Abstract Conventional nucleation theory considers only the growth and decay of embryos by single atom addition or subtraction. The numerous processes involved in mechanical alloying, such as creation and movement of dislocations and point defects, and passage of thermal and stress waves, could readily destroy a subcritical embryo which typically contains at most only a few tens of atoms. This paper modifies the nucleation equation to account for such embryo loss, and solves the resulting equation analytically in the steady state approximation. The effects of embryo loss are described by several dimensionless groupings of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Embryo loss is found significant only if the probability of destruction is comparable to or greater than the probability of growth by single atom capture. The effects of embryo loss are greatest for phases which form with large critical nuclei or complex unit cells.
Effects of point defect trapping and solute segregation on irradiation-induced swelling and creep

The theory of irradiation swelling and creep, generalized to include impurity trapping of point defects and impurity-induced changes in sink efficiencies for point defects, is reviewed. The mathematical framework is developed and significant results are described. These include the relation between vacancy and interstitial trapping and the effectiveness of trapping as compared to segregation-induced changes in sink efficiencies in modifying void nucleation, void growth, and creep. Current understanding is critically assessed. Several areas requiring further development are identified. In particular those given special attention are the treatment of nondilute solutions and the consequences of current uncertainties in fundamental materials properties whose importance has been identified using the theory.
The Pricing of Multiclass Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities

This paper considers the pricing of multiclass commercial mortgage-backed securities. A contingent-claims pricing methodology that overcomes state variable dimensionality problems is developed to examine mortgage pools with many distinct underlying assets and whose loan cash flow values are subject to interest rate uncertainty. Security structure and the correlation structure of collateralizing assets within a pool are found to be important determinants of tranche price and required yield spread. By disentangling default loss risk from default-related call risk, we show it is possible that mezzanine investment classes may require lower yield spreads than higher priority investment classes. Of particular interest is the finding that reduced cash flow volatility obtained through pool diversification may actually decrease the value of the first-loss (junior) tranche. When examining the relationship of pool size and tranche value, we find that five to 10 distinct mortgages are required to realize most of the effects of asset diversification.
Iridium (I) and Platinum (II) Complexes with Cyanine Dye Base Ligands

The preparation of cyanine dyes by coordination of cyanine dye bases with transition metals is described. The significance of these complexus for the realization of an excitonic high temperature superconductor is discussed.
The Chemical Compositions of the Leaf and Bark Essential Oils of Brunellia costaricensis from Monteverde, Costa Rica

Abstract The leaf and bark essential oils of Brunellia costaricensis Standl. (Brunelliaceae), from Monteverde, Costa Rica, were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of six compounds were identified in the leaf oil and ten compounds were identified in the bark oil, accounting for 100 and 94.3 % of the total compositions, respectively. The major components of the leaf oil of B. costaricensis were α-pinene (28.3 %), camphene (17.8 %), linalool (14.7 %), and methyl salicylate (31.4 %). The bark oil was dominated by methyl salicylate (81.6 %).
Anticoagulantly active heparin-like molecules from cultured fibroblasts.

Heparin-like molecules, isolated from cultured rat and human skin fibroblasts, accelerated the inactivation of purified human thrombin via purified human antithrombin. Only 15% of the biologic activity of the complex carbohydrates derived from human skin fibroblasts was expressed when the heparin-binding domain an antithrombin was chemically modified at the Trp 49 residue. Human skin fibroblasts were metabolically labeled with [35S]Na2SO4, and radiolabeled heparin-like molecules were isolated utilizing ion-exchange chromatography and fractionated into two separate populations employing immobilized antithrombin. The species which bound with high avidity to the affinity matrix represented about 12% of the radiolabeled heparin-like molecules, accounted for almost 95% of the initial anticoagulant activity, and exhibited a specific activity of 3.98 USP units/10635S-cpm.
The Journey Toward Transformational Learning in a Statewide Doctoral Program

This article describes strategies for redesigning the University of Missouri's Statewide Cooperative Ed.D. Cohort Program in educational leadership. Results had suggested a need to redesign aspects of the program in order to achieve higher levels of cognitive learning outcomes inclusive of transformational learning. To help meet this objective, the areas targeted for redesign were the curriculum as it relates to issues of diversity and ethics, instruction as it relates to group dynamics and cohort models, and increased time and a forum for students to reflect on their leadership practices. This forum also allowed faculty to monitor and assess the transformational learning outcomes of their students. This article is meant to assist others who are interested in fostering higher levels of transformational learning outcomes within their programs.
Meso-scale modeling of the influence of intergranular gas bubbles on effective thermal conductivity

Using a meso-scale modeling approach, we have investigated how intergranular fission gas bubbles, as observed in high-burn-up nuclear fuel, modify the effective thermal conductivity in a polycrystalline material. The calculations reveal that intergranular porosity has a significantly higher resistance to heat transfer compared to randomly-distributed porosity. A model is developed to describe this conductivity reduction that considers an effective grain boundary Kapitza resistance as a function of the fractional coverage of grain boundaries by bubbles.
Validity of Domain Satisfaction Across Cohorts in the US

Domain satisfaction, a relatively under-researched topic in subjective well-being research, is designed to capture satisfaction in multiple aspects of life (e.g., family, health). In view of the life course perspective, perceptions toward such different domains of life are most likely influenced by the historical and social climate that individuals uniquely experience over their life span. However, little is known about whether domain satisfaction is a valid measure across cohorts, which reflect differing life experiences at each life stage. This study examines the psychometric properties (e.g., validity and reliability) of a domain satisfaction measure across seven theoretically meaningful cohorts (e.g., Baby Boomers) using a nationally representative sample of American adults from multiple waves of the General Social Survey (n = 15,302). Results from confirmatory factor analysis showed that the validity of the domain satisfaction measure was not consistent across cohorts; unlike when all samples (e.g., cohorts were not considered) were analyzed together. A series of follow-up analyses also revealed that temporally proximate cohorts that were born around the same time were more likely to be psychometrically comparable, while temporally distant cohorts were not. In summary, this study provides empirical evidence suggesting that the validity of domain satisfaction is sensitive to cohort effects, and researchers need careful consideration when comparing cohorts chronologically further apart.
Treatment Planning with Ion Beams

Ions have higher linear energy transfer (LET) near the end of their range and lower LET away from the end of their range. Mixing radiations of different LET complicates treatment planning because radiation kills cells in two statistically independent ways. In some cases, cells are killed by a single particle, which causes a linear decrease in log survival at low dosage. When the linear decrease is subtracted from the log survival curve, the remaining curve has zero slope at zero dosage. This curve is the log survival curve for cells that are killed only by two or more particles. These two mechanisms are statistically independent. To calculate survival, these two kinds of doses must be accumulated separately. The effect of each accumulated dosage must be read from its survival curve, and the logarithms of the two effects added to get the log survival. Treatment plans for doses of protons, He3 ions, and He4 ions suggest that these ions will be useful therapeutic modalities.
Alcoholics' perceptions of selected counseling techniques.

Summary Fifty male alcoholics were shown motion picture films of a directive and a non-directive therapist counseling the same client. After viewing the films the subjects rated the therapists on thirty-two variables using a seven point rating scale. Subjects perceived the non-directive technique as more socially desirable but preferred the directive technique in working on their own problems. It was suggested that a method of preferential selection of therapists by alcoholic clients might contribute to increasing the length of stay in treatment and provide an effective model for matching individual treatment modalities with individual client needs.
Computation of vortex flows past obstacles with circulation

Abstract Vortex boundaries are compared for vortex blobs in equilibrium with an irrotational flow past on obstacle. The ambient flow has circulation around the obstacle. The curves are varied among those which are star-shaped with respect to the equilibrium position of a stable point vortex and which bound an area fixed by giving the circulation of the vortex. The computations are based on a variational principle for energy as a functional of vorticity.
Effect of Calcium Upon Uterine Activity and Reactivity

ConclusionSpontaneous contractions of the postpartum dog uterus or the diestrous uterus of the guinea pig may be augmented by the administration of calcium or depressed or completely inhibited by diminishing the available calcium. In the latter instance the uterus is usually not only quiescent, but is also relatively refractory to pitocin.
Quantitative analysis of Schizophyllum commune metalloprotease ScPrB activity in SDS-gelatin PAGE reveals differential mycelial localization of nitrogen limitation-induced autolysis

The basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune produces a variety of proteolytic enzymes. A number of these, detected in native gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels, have their activities increased during nitrogen-limited growth of the mycelium. ScPrB, a metallo-endoprotease, appears to have the greatest nitrogen stress-induced increase in activity of all of these enzymes. Quantifying ScPrB has proven difficult because no artificial chromogenic substrate has been found. In addition, it is poorly resolved from another highly active protease, ScPrA, in native gelatin-containing gels. We have developed a method using SDS gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels for resolving ScPrB from ScPrA and for quantifying its activity by densitometry. This method was used to assess the intramycelial location of ScPrB induction after the transfer of exponentially growing colonies to nitrogen deprivation conditions. By all analyses (proportional, normalized to fresh weight, and normalized to protein), the increase in ScPrB activity was found to occur exclusively in midsections of the growing mycelium, whereas ScPrB activity was found to be decreased or unchanged in the centers of colonies and in colony margins. This implies that proteolysis mediated by ScPrB may supply translocatable amino acids only from the region directly behind the growing hyphal apices.
Geology of the Chinese nuclear test site near Lop Nor, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

Abstract The Chinese underground nuclear test site in the Kuruktag and Kyzyltag mountains of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwest China, is the location of sixteen underground tests that occurred between 1969 and 1992. The largest test to date, conducted on 21 May 1992, had a reported yield of about one megaton. Geophysical properties of the rocks and a large-scale geologic map of part of the test area were published by the Chinese in 1986 and 1987 and are the first site-specific data available for this test site. In areas of low relief, underground nuclear testing has occurred below the water table, in shafts drilled vertically into dense, low porosity Paleozoic granitic and metasedimentary rocks. Additional testing in areas of more rugged terrain has occurred in horizontal tunnels, probably abovethe water table. At least one of these tunnels was driven into granite. The upper 50 m of the rock in the area of the vertical tests is weathered and fractured; these conditions have been shown to influence the magnitude of the disturbance of the land surface after a nuclear explosion. These descriptions suggest hard rock coupling at depth and a closer resemblance to the former Soviet test site in eastern Kazakhstan than to the U.S. test site in Nevada.
Empirical evidence on factors significant for employment in government accounting

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to investigate the perceptions of government agencies regarding the importance of selected job characteristics in entry-level accountants. We collected our data with a survey instrument which contained detailed questions on appearance, education, extracurricular activities, performance, and personality. Our sample consisted of federal agencies with a known proclivity to hire accounting graduates. In addition, for comparative purposes we also sampled the 11 largest U.S. public accounting firms. We mailed the instrument to both the treatment and the control group of firms. Our results indicated that a number of achievement, personality, and social factors were particularly important to each employer group. Interoccupational comparisons revealed minimal overlap in the factors of particular significance to both federal agency and public accounting firm recruiters. These findings suggest that different knowledge, skills, and personality traits might be crucial to students seeking employment with federal agencies as opposed to large public accounting firms.
Anomie and Interest in Education

Summary Results from 571 respondents in more than 600 households, selected randomly and interviewed over telephone, supported the hypotheses that feelings of anomie are related negatively to interest in continuing education and to the belief that formal education is important in becoming successful. Respondents who were both not engaged in continuing education and not interested in undertaking further education scored higher on anomie than those who were either engaged or interested in continuing education. Respondents who believed that job experience was more important than formal education for becoming successful scored higher on anomie than those favoring education. Additional findings strengthened the contention that feelings of anomie, internalized during childhood, create an orientation which discounts the importance of education during adult years.
CURRENT ALGEBRA AND REGGE POLES.

It is shown that the $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(2)$ current commutation relations and partial conservation of axial-vector current lead us to exchange degeneracy between a number of Regge trajectories\char22{}not only for the leading trajectories but for lower-ranking ones. Comparisons with experiments are consistent with all known $N$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ trajectories as well as meson trajectories.
AGL1-AGL6, an Arabidopsis gene family with similarity to floral homeotic and transcription factor genes

The predicted products of floral homeotic genes, AGAMOUS (AG) from Arabidopsis thaliana and DEFICIENS A (DEF A) from Antirrhinum majus, have been shown previously to share strong sequence similarity with transcription factors from humans (SRF) and yeast (MCM1). The conserved sequence between these proteins is localized within a domain known to be necessary for the DNA binding and for the dimerization of SRF. We have isolated six new genes from A. thaliana, AGL1-AGL6, which also have this conserved sequence motif. On the basis of the sequence comparison between the AG and AGL genes, they can be assigned to two subfamilies of a large gene family. RNA dot blot analysis indicates that five of these genes (AGL1, AGL2, AGL4, AGL5, and AGL6) are preferentially expressed in flowers. In addition, in situ RNA hybridization experiments with AGL1 and AGL2 show that their mRNAs are detected in some floral organs but not in others. Our results suggest that these genes may act to control many steps of Arabidopsis floral morphogenesis. In contrast, the AGL3 gene is expressed in vegetative tissues as well as in flowers, suggesting that it functions in a broader range of tissues. We discuss possible roles of this gene family during the evolution of flowers.
The Tissue Catechol Amine Concentration of the Human Heart Determined by the Aluminum Hydroxide-Arsenomolybdic Acid Method

With the aluminum hydroxide-arsenomolybdic acid method, which has recently been extensively modified in this laboratory, the tissue concentration of catechol amines was determined in 100 human hearts. The results were correlated with clinical history and autopsy findings. Previous work has suggested that cardiovascular disease and uremia were associated with an elevation in the heart catechol amine concentration, and that some cases of sudden death were associated with an elevated heart catechol amine concentration. In this study cardiovascular disease and uremia showed low or low normal values while not a single instance of sudden death could be explained by an abnormally elevated heart catechol amine concentration.
Enumeration of Protozoa and Bacteria in Muddy Sediment

Improved enumeration methods were developed for marine bacteria and protozoa in muddy sediment containing large amounts of organic detritus. In sediment from polluted and nonpolluted sites, total bacterial counts ranged from 6.2 × 109 to 15 × 109 g−1 dry sediment and were significantly higher in nonpolluted sediment. Ciliates were restricted to the top 1 cm where they reached abundances of ≈1000 cm−3. Nanoflagellate populations were high to a depth of 5 cm and reached higher populations in nonpolluted sediment (1.7 × 107 cm−3) than in polluted sediment (0.5 × 107 cm−3). For enumeration of protozoa, direct counts of fixed, unstained cells by phase-contrast microscopy was more accurate than counting using epifluorescent microscopy of fixed, DAPI-stained cells. The Percoll-sorbitol method for separating protists from sediment was effective for sandy sediment but much less effective (35–64% recovery efficiency) for muddy, detritus-rich sediment.
Confidence intervals on ratios of positive linear combinations of variance components

Abstract In variance component models, the ratio ρ is often of interest, where ρ = ( Σ p q =1 > k q θ q )/( Σ Q r = P +1 k r θ r ), k q 0, k r \s>;0, and θ q , θ r are expected mean squares from an analysis of variance table, q=1,…, P ; r = P +1,…, Q . This paper pre methods for constructing approximate confidence intervals on ρ.
Stability of Choline in Feed Mixtures

Abstract The possibility was suggested to the authors that a lack of stability of choline might explain the occurrence of perosis in chicks fed naturally-occurring or synthetic choline providing supposedly adequate amounts of the factor. Accordingly a series of experimental mixtures representing several different types of practical poultry feed mixtures was prepared. Two 100 pound bags of each of six mashes were made. One bag of each mash contained an added 0.15% Merck choline chloride. Homogeneous distribution of this choline chloride was assured by use of a Simpson Intensive Laboratory Mixer. The choline chloride was added in water solution to further promote homogeneity. The bags of feed (12 in all) were stored at room temperature (70 F). At the beginning, and at 3 month intervals, samples were taken with a sampling rod and analyzed for choline. The method used was a modification of that outlined by Engel (1942). The procedure was . . .
Endogenous DA‐mediated feedback inhibition of DA neurons: Involvement of both D1‐ and D2‐like receptors

To investigate the role of D(1)-like receptors in endogenous dopamine (DA)-mediated feedback control of DA neurons in vivo, single unit recordings were made from rat nigral DA cells using low cerveau isole preparations. The D(2) antagonist raclopride, but not the D(1) antagonist SCH23390, increased baseline activity of DA neurons, suggesting that spontaneously released DA acts primarily through D(2)-like receptors to inhibit DA cells. However, feedback inhibition induced by an increased DA release by D-amphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was partially reversed by SCH23390. The same inhibition, on the other hand, was always completely reversed by raclopride, suggesting that the D(1)-mediated portion of the inhibition depends upon co-activation of D(2)-like receptors. In rats with forebrain hemitransections, D-amphetamine-induced inhibition was markedly decreased and the remaining inhibition was not blocked by SCH23390, supporting the suggestion that D(1)-D(2) co-activation-induced inhibition is mediated through long feedback pathways. In chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, D-amphetamine-induced inhibition was also insensitive to SCH23390; however, the degree of the inhibition was not reduced. Combined with previous studies, these data suggest that chloral hydrate not only inactivates the D(1) feedback pathway but also enables the D(2) feedback pathway to operate independently of D(1)-like receptors. Conversely, in parkinsonian animals D(1) receptor activation alone has been reported to inhibit DA cells. Taken together, these results suggest that a major portion of endogenous DA-mediated feedback inhibition is due to concurrent activation of D(1)- and D(2)-like receptors. However, this D(1)-D(2) interdependence may alter under certain conditions and may play a role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
Roots: Why affinity progression of antibodies during immune responses is probably not accompanied by parallel changes in the immunoglobulin-like antigen-specific receptors on T cells

There can be no doubt that a closer study of avidity will be an indispensable step towards understanding the mechanisms of immunity. N. K. Jerne, 1951, p. 1403.
The Challenges of Screening for Substance Use in Pregnant Women: Commentary on the 4P'S Plus Tool

The Challenges of Screening for Substance Use in Pregnant Women: Commentary on the 4P'S Plus Tool
Hydroprocessing on chromium-containing metal sulfide catalysts

Abstract We showed previously that unsupported catalysts prepared from amine thiomolybdates incorporated with bivalent metals (Fe, Ni, Co) are highly active for hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS). In particular, an iron-promoted molybdenum sulfide catalyst gives a much higher HDN-to-HDS activity ratio than commercial supported catalysts. The present study examines trivalent chromium as a promoter for MoS 2 . The catalyst precursors are synthesized via two routes: one involves olation, the other chelation. Tests with a catalytic cycle oil show that the behaviors of the Cr-containing catalysts prepared from the two routes are qualitatively similar. Chromium is a more effective HDN promoter than iron. The Fe 0.5 Cr 0.5 Mo y (1 ≤ y ≤ 1.5) trimetallic sulfide is more active and selective for HDN than FeMo and CrMo y bimetallic sulfides. The predominant phase in the chromium-containing catalysts comprises nanocrystalline MoS 2 and amorphous Cr 2 S 3 .
Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of regional brain activation during implicit sequence learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background Corticostriatal circuitry has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The serial reaction time (SRT) task, a paradigm that tests implicit sequence learning, has been used with imaging to probe striatal function. Initial studies have indicated that OCD patients exhibit deficient striatal activation and aberrant hippocampal recruitment compared with healthy control (HC) subjects. Here, we used the SRT and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to replicate prior results in a larger sample and to test for relationships between regional activation and OCD symptom dimensions. Methods Using SPM99, fMRI-SRT data from 12 OCD and 12 matched HC subjects were analyzed. Symptom dimensions followed a four-factor model scored on a 0- to 10-point scale. Results For the implicit learning versus random contrast, group by condition interactions revealed aberrant recruitment within the hippocampus as well as orbitofrontal cortex (OCD > HC) but no striatal group differences. However, an inverse correlation was found between striatal activation and specific symptom factors. Conclusions These results replicate previous smaller studies showing aberrant hippocampal recruitment in OCD during SRT performance. Although findings of deficient striatal activation in OCD were not replicated, correlation results suggest that this inconsistency may be attributable to differences among OCD symptom dimensions.
Ecotoxicity of Coal Gasifier Solid Wastes

Solid wastes from three runs (periods of operation) of the UMD coal gasifier were sampled and shipped to Oak Ridge National Laboratory for analysis and testing: bottom ash from May-June 1979, November-December and February-March 1980 runs, and cyclone char from the February-March 1980 run. Soluble materials were extracted from the solid wastes, using both the Extraction Procedure (EP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 1980) and a distilled~ deionized water protocol. The EP, developed as a tool to enforce the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 (PL 94-580), is a 2t~-h batch aqueous extraction using 0.5 N acetic acid (maximum of 4 mL acid per g sample) to maintain a solution pH of 5. Acetic acid is added in an attempt to simulate leaching conditions that might occur if solid wastes are co-disposed with municipal wastes. The second method is a distilled, deionized water
Investigation into cylinder-on-flat adhesion elastic–plastic micro-contact under repeated loading and unloading condition

The evolution of microcontact induced deformation and stress states under repeated loading and unloading condition is of great interest for the scientific understanding as well as from the engineering design considerations of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based switches and similar other devices since they operate under cyclic condition. This study, therefore, investigated the microcontact interaction between deformable smooth cylindrical segment and deformable smooth flat using the finite element analysis. Elastic and elastic–plastic material behaviors and adhesion interaction are considered. The detailed information about contact area, displacement and stress state in the contact region under cycling condition are presented. Contact area varies nonlinearly even when the applied load is varying linearly in a cycle. Additionally, contact areas during loading and unloading portions of a cycle are not equal at the same load level. The deformation and contact area increases in the presence of adhesion force and also with elastic–plastic material behavior. However, the adhesion force is reduced while the contact area is increased during the microcontact between elastic–plastic bodies in comparison to those between elastic bodies. The maximum increase in stress and deformation states occurs during the first cycle, and then slowly with increasing number of cycles. Further, the maximum stress state is not at the contact surface and also not at instant of the maximum applied external force. Finally, adhesion force during microcontact interaction can be of the same order as the applied external force. Therefore, design and analysis of microcontacts in micromechanical switches and similar other devices should include the effects of adhesion force and cyclic effects.