cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Positive Feedback Loop Mediated by the Docking Protein Gab1 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling

The Gab1 protein is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to various growth factors and serves as a docking protein that recruits a number of downstream signaling proteins, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase). To determine the role of Gab1 in signaling via the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) we tested the ability of Gab1 to associate with and modulate signaling by this receptor. We show that Gab1 associates with the EGFR in vivo and in vitro via pTyr sites 1068 and 1086 in the carboxy-terminal tail of the receptor and that overexpression of Gab1 potentiates EGF-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Jun kinase signaling pathways. A mutant of Gab1 unable to bind the p85 subunit of PI-3 kinase is defective in potentiating EGFR signaling, confirming a role for PI-3 kinase as a downstream effector of Gab1. Inhibition of PI-3 kinase by a dominant-interfering mutant of p85 or by Wortmannin treatment similarly impairs Gab1-induced enhancement of signaling via the EGFR. The PH domain of Gab1 was shown to bind specifically to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3], a product of PI-3 kinase, and is required for activation of Gab1-mediated enhancement of EGFR signaling. Moreover, the PH domain mediates Gab1 translocation to the plasma membrane in response to EGF and is required for efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 upon EGF stimulation. In addition, overexpression of Gab1 PH domain blocks Gab1 potentiation of EGFR signaling. Finally, expression of the gene for the lipid phosphatase PTEN, which dephosphorylates PtdIns(3,4, 5)P3, inhibits EGF signaling and translocation of Gab1 to the plasma membrane. These results reveal a novel positive feedback loop, modulated by PTEN, in which PI-3 kinase functions as both an upstream regulator and a downstream effector of Gab1 in signaling via the EGFR.
Movement of dislocations in quartz

When quartz is subjected to high stress and temperature, it flows (plastically deforms) through a mechanism involving the movement of dislocations. The author discusses historical background and current theories of dislocations in quartz. A review is given of the literature, including geophysical work, and its implications for frequency control. Dislocations in quartz crystals have been known to cause problems in the fabrication of resonators by the formation of etch channels. In addition, it is suspected they contribute to acceleration sensitivity, thermal hysteresis, and possibly aging. It has been shown in the geophysical work that dislocations definitely can move in quartz. However, all of that work was done at high temperatures and pressures. >
Platinum–ruthenium bimetallic clusters on graphite: a comparison of vapor deposition and electroless deposition methods

Bimetallic Pt–Ru clusters have been grown on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces by vapor deposition and by electroless deposition. These studies help to bridge the material gap between well-characterized vapor deposited clusters and electrolessly deposited clusters, which are better suited for industrial catalyst preparation. In the vapor deposition experiments, bimetallic clusters were formed by the sequential deposition of Pt on Ru or Ru on Pt. Seed clusters of the first metal were grown on HOPG surfaces that were sputtered with Ar+ to introduce defects, which act as nucleation sites for Pt or Ru. On the unmodified HOPG surface, both Pt and Ru clusters preferentially nucleated at the step edges, whereas on the sputtered surface, clusters with relatively uniform sizes and spatial distributions were formed. Low energy ion scattering experiments showed that the surface compositions of the bimetallic clusters are Pt-rich, regardless of the order of deposition, indicating that the interdiffusion of metals within the clusters is facile at room temperature. Bimetallic clusters on sputtered HOPG were prepared by the electroless deposition of Pt on Ru seed clusters from a Pt+2 solution using dimethylamine borane as the reducing agent at pH 11 and 40 °C. After exposure to the electroless deposition bath, Pt was selectively deposited on Ru, as demonstrated by the detection of Pt on the surface by XPS, and the increase in the average cluster height without an increase in the number of clusters, indicating that Pt atoms are incorporated into the Ru seed clusters. Electroless deposition of Ru on Pt seed clusters was also achieved, but it should be noted that this deposition method is extremely sensitive to the presence of other metal ions in solution that have a higher reduction potential than the metal ion targeted for deposition.
Family Obligation Fulfillment Among Southeast Asian American Young Adults

Recent studies have shown that particular groups of second-generation Asian Americans exhibit high rates of fulfilling their family obligations. Drawing on 50 in-depth interviews with second-generation Vietnamese and Chinese Vietnamese young adults in Southern California, this article highlights a previously overlooked factor in family obligation literature: the influence that parental expectations have on children of immigrants’ family obligation sentiments and behaviors. There are four behavioral types that emerged from the data: expected contributors, unexpected contributors, expected noncontributors, and unexpected noncontributors. An analysis of the different types reveals that parental expectations—born from structural circumstances of economic need and ethnic cultural practices—influence respondents’ attitudes and behaviors toward fulfilling these financial family obligations. I conclude with implications for future research on family obligation behaviors among the children of immigrants.
Interactions of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis with mouse mononuclear phagocytes

Five strains of enterobacteria (three of Escherichia coli and two of Proteus mirabilis) were studied to assess and compare their phagocytic uptake and intracellular killing by mouse macrophages. Each strain was injected intraperitoneally into separate groups of mice and peritoneal exudate cells were harvested after 3 min for phagocytosis to occur in vivo. Acridine orange staining showed that there were approximately 10-fold fewer intracellular P. mirabilis than E. coli cells. The average numbers of viable intracellular bacteria per leucocyte were 0.03 and 0.02 for P. mirabilis strains M13 and H1, respectively, and 0.48, 0.45, and 0.28 for E. coli strains M14, A-D M5 and H40. Thus, both P. mirabilis strains were ingested less readily than any of the three E. coli strains (p<0.01). The rates of in-vitro intracellular killing were similar for all five strains of bacteria. The intracellular killing constants (Kk) for the three mouse isolates were 0.017, 0.016 and 0.020 min for E. coli M14 and A-D M5, and P. mirabilis M13, respectively; the Kks for the two human isolates were 0.026 and 0.029/min for E. coli H40 and P. mirabilis H1, respectively. The Kks for all five strains were not significantly different. Assuming that the numbers of viable intracellular bacteria at the beginning of the assay represented 100% viability, 6-17% of the intracellular bacteria remained viable after 2 h, reflecting log10 3.9-5.6 bacteria (6-8) x 106 peritoneal exudate cells. Intravenous injection of these five strains into separate groups of mice demonstrated that the P. mirabilis strains were more virulent than the E. coli strains. Injection of each P. mirabilis strain was associated with ruffled fur and death, whereas mice given any of the three E. coli strains remained visibly healthy and none died. Consistent with these observations, quantitation of viable bacteria in the liver and spleen showed that greater numbers of P. mirabilis M13 than of E. coli M14 or A-D M5 persisted in these organs; similarly greater numbers of P. mirabilis H1 than of E. coli H40 persisted in the liver and spleen. Because the rates of intracellular killing of these five strains were similar, the relative virulence of both strains of P. mirabilis appeared to be associated with decreased phagocytic uptake rather than differences in intracellular survival.
Characterization of Macaque placental trophoblast and Hofbauer cell response to Zidovudine

Summary An optimized procedure is developed to isolate macaque placental trophoblast and Hofbauer cells simultaneously in a quantity sufficient for short-term cultures. These placental cells isolated from six macaques were used to characterize the effects of zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) on their cellular functions. AZT inhibits DNA synthesis in macaque trophoblast cells in a concentration-dependent manner with half the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 9.16±1.93 μM. Of the hormones evaluated, production of progesterone by trophoblast cells is most sensitive to AZT, with complete inhibition occurring at concentrations greater than 5μM. In the presence of 10 μM or greater, AZT inhibits 25–30% of placental lactogen and 35–50% of chorionic gonadotropin secretion by the trophoblast cells. However, AZT does not affect total cell protein synthesis in trophoblast or Hofbauer cells. Collectively, our results indicate that at clinically relevant concentrations (
Effects of Transgenic Bt Corn on Growth and Development of the Stalk Borer Papaipema nebris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

This study assessed the efficacy of two different genetic events, event Bt 11 (CrylAb) and event CBH351 (Cry 9C), in Bt corn against two instar classes of the stalk borer Papaipema nebris across three different plant stages (V1, V3, and V5) of corn, Zea mays. Class A includes instars 1 and 2, and class B includes instars 3 and 4. Stalk borer response and development over time were measured, and the data from 1999 and 2000 show that the Bt corn does have some effect on the feeding and development of P. nebris. Injury to the corn plant was reduced, although not eliminated. Stalk borer larvae caused significantly (P = 0.0001) more injury to the non-Bt plants than to the Bt plants over time. Growth and development of the larvae were slowed and mortality was higher for Bt corn than for non-Bt corn. These data suggest that planting Bt corn may benefit growers by reducing, but not eliminating, stalk borer infestations and subsequent plant injury.
Men's Faces Convey Information about Their Bodies and Their Behavior: What You See is What You Get

We investigated whether men's faces contain embedded cues that signal differences in individual fitness. Data on shoulder-to-hip ratios (SHR), grip strength, sexual history, and facial photographs were collected from male college students. Female college students rated the photographs for attractiveness We found a striking relationship between ratings of facial attractiveness and body morphology. Males with attractive faces had significantly more masculine, wedge-shaped SHRs. Ratings of facial attractiveness accounted for over 25% of the variance in this sexually dimorphic dimension of male body configuration. Male students with attractive faces also had higher grip strength scores, and more sexual partners. These findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence showing that facial features contain important cues to fitness and hormonal status.
Warum brauchen wir neuropsychologische Rehabilitation

Neuropsychologische Rehabilitation ware nicht notwendig, wenn hirngeschadigte Patienten im Laufe der Zeit spontan oder mit Hilfe traditioneller Behandlungsmethoden genesen wurden. Die traurige Wahrheit ist jedoch, dass es haufig nicht zu einer vollstandigen Genesung kommt und die Patienten und ihre Familien langfristig mit den verbleibenden Storunqen hoherer Hirnfunktionen konfrontiert sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelte sich die neuropsychologische Rehabilitation und ist auch weiterhin ein wichtiger Teil der Behandlung dieser Patienten. Das 3. Prinzip verweist darauf, dass die neuropsychologische Rehabilitation zum einen auf die restitutionsbezogene Behandlung von Storungen hoherer Hirnfunktionen und zum anderen auf ihr adaquates Management im sozialen Kontext zielt. Einleitend soll dies anhand eines Fallbeispiels erlautert werden.
Lac Leman Festival De La Musique (B)

The organizers of a music festival may use video from the Friday concert to create a DVD to sell to those who come to the Saturday concert. Attendance on Saturday is uncertain, as is the percentage of those who attend on Saturday who will buy the DVD. Is this a good project? If so, what number of DVDs should be burned early Saturday morning and offered for sale at that evening's performance? By that time, Friday attendance is known, as well as whether it rained on Friday, and there is a forecast for whether it will rain on Saturday. Historical information on these variables may help us predict Saturday attendance using multiple regression; together with the results of a marketing survey, such analysis will help us make better purchasing decisions. This case series (see also the A case, UVA-QA-0707) can be used to illuminate a multitude of concepts that are covered in basic decision-analysis courses. The series starts by examining the role of uncertainty in decision making, proceeds through the estimation of probability distributions from sample data with multiple regression, culminates in the development of a full decision model, and ends with a qualitative and quantitative analysis (with a tornado diagram) of how to add value and reduce risk. Key pitfalls for students are failing to recognize both limits on sales (supply and demand), incomplete reasoning in the determination of the attendance probability distribution, and oversimplifying the full forecast model (i.e., averaging the Saturday rain/no Saturday rain outcomes, rather than incorporating the uncertainty explicitly into the simulation).
Making and Measuring Vibrational Wave Packets In Small Molecules

We present results demonstrating the creation, control and measurement of multimode vibrational wave packets in the electronic ground state of small polyatomic molecules1. The wave packets are created using non-resonant impulsive Raman scattering, which allows for excitation of a large class of molecules. The excitation of ground state wave packets yields information of relevance to chemical reactions, which occur largely in the electronic ground state.
An Origin for the Negro Spiritual

(1972). An Origin for the Negro Spiritual. The Black Scholar: Vol. 3, Black Music, pp. 8-13.
Are Buckling Force Measurements Reliable in Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Studies

The study of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) is frequently used to evaluate male erectile dysfunction. Buckling force, a measure of rigidity, is an important part of this evaluation, but its reliability is unknown. Accordingly, we studied the reliability of buckling force measurement and the stability of "maximum buckling force" between consecutive NPT series repeated in the same subject. For individual subjects, we correlated buckling forces for separate episodes of sleep-related tumescence that were of comparable fullness (0-100%) as rated by a technician's visual estimates. For healthy control subjects, test-retest correlations were > 0.8 both within-night and across study series separated by an average of 70 weeks. In depressed men, correlations within nights were > 0.9, but fell to 0.64 across study series separated by an average of 21 weeks. Despite the high reliability of buckling force measurement, we found little stability of "maximum buckling force" between NPT series for individual subjects. Considerable variability in the maximum degree of penile rigidity was seen over time despite a constant level of reported daytime erectile function. We conclude that although penile rigidity is one of the more important variables in the assessment of male erectile dysfunction and can be measured reliably, the instability of maximum rigidity during sleep-related erections suggests that it is, at best, an imprecise correlate of daytime erectile function.
Recent Developments in Nonlinear Optical Materials

Advances in nonlinear frequency conversion involve developments in laser pump sources, and nonlinear optical materials and techniques. There is a renewed interest in the development of nonlinear optical materials that has resulted from advances in the other areas, and from applications requiring tunable coherent radiation. Recent materials developments have included improvements in available size and optical quality of established nonlinear materials and the development of new materials that extend the conditions under which nonlinear frequency conversion can be used. There is a large amount of earlier materials work that is the subject of reviews [1]. The current effort in nonlinear optical materials development is also extensive, and the discussion here is limited to bulk inorganic materials used in second order nonlinear frequency conversion processes. Silver gallium selenide, lithium niobate and barium borate are discussed to provide examples.
Percutaneous Cryoablation for the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Lung Tumors: Identification of Risk Factors for Recurrence and Major Complications.

Abstract Purpose To identify risk factors for local recurrence and major complications associated with percutaneous cryoablation of lung tumors. Materials and Methods All cases between April 2007 and September 2014 at 1 institution were retrospectively reviewed. Procedures were performed using computed tomography guidance and a double freeze-thaw protocol. Tumor progression was determined via World Health Organization guidelines, and complications were classified using SIR reporting standards. Measures of efficacy were calculated via Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors of local progression and major complications were identified by Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression. Results There were 47 tumors (25 primary, 22 metastatic) treated with median follow-up of 11.1 months. Mean diameter before treatment was 2.4 cm, and an average of 2.1 cryoprobes were used per procedure. Major complications (most commonly, pneumothorax requiring chest tube) occurred in 12 (25%) cases, and minor complications occurred in 13 (27%) cases. Median time to local progression was 14 months (16 mo for primary tumors and 10 mo for metastatic tumors), and median overall survival was 33 months (43 mo for patients with primary tumors and 22 mo for patients with metastatic tumors). On multivariate analysis, tumor diameter > 3 cm was associated with local progression (hazard ratio=3.2, P = .013), and use of multiple cryoprobes (relative risk [RR] = 7.2, P = .045) and previous local therapy (RR = 15, P = .030) were associated with major complications. Conclusions Percutaneous cryoablation of lung tumors is technically feasible with a complication rate comparable to other percutaneous ablation techniques. Percutaneous cryoablation is more efficacious and has fewer complications when offered to patients with small, previously untreated lesions.
Free d-Aspartate in Nonmammalian Animals: Detection, Localization, Metabolism, and Function

Many functions of amino acids, including protein synthesis, require that they be in the l-form. As a result, in most biological systems, the levels of free d-amino acids (DAAs) are enzymatically suppressed. However, the site-specific synthesis, accumulation, and release of DAAs do occur. In fact, the accumulation of DAAs in the nervous, exocrine, and endocrine systems suggests that they perform specific functions. The focus here is on the well-studied DAA, d-aspartate; we review the advancements in the analytical approaches used for its detection and characterization and discuss the role it plays in the structural and functional organization of numerous biological systems of nonmammalian animals. The view that d-Asp has specific functions is supported by a large body of experimental data showing its endogenous synthesis, accumulation, release, stimulation of follower cells, uptake, and enzymatic catabolism. A variety of biological models, each having distinct anatomies, morphologies, biochemistries, and behaviors, have been used to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of d-Asp involvement in the normal and pathological functioning of cells and organisms. Many physiological and behavioral effects induced by d-Asp have been documented, demonstrating it has neurotransmitter, hormonal, and neuromodulator roles. Similar to many classical neurotransmitters, d-Asp has physiological roles that are conserved throughout the evolutionary tree, with nearly all studied animals shown to possess and use d-Asp.
CRLF2-Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adult Patients: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objectives Cytokine receptor-like factor 2 ( CRLF2 ) rearrangement is found in approximately 50% of pediatric Ph-like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and around 50% of CRLF2 + cases harbor JAK mutations. We analyzed CRLF2 expression and studied its correlation with CRLF2 rearrangement in adult patients with B-ALL. Methods Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) was performed consecutively in 126 patients. Results CRLF2 overexpression was detected in 30 (27%) patients, 28 (41%) of 69 patients with B-ALL not otherwise specified, 14 (21%) of 67 untreated patients, and 16 (27%) of 59 patients with relapsed B-ALL, with the highest among Hispanic patients (25/55, 45%). Of CRLF2+ cases, 21 (100%) of 21 cases showed CRLF2 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization, preferentially involving IGH@CRLF2 (15/15). The entire coding region of JAK2 was sequenced in 14 patients with CRLF2+ B-ALL, and nine (64%) were positive for JAK2 mutations. Conclusions MFC allows a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable detection of B-ALL with CRLF2 rearrangement that would further facilitate testing for JAK2 mutations for targetable therapy.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Enrollment Patterns of Students Receiving Special Education in Urban Neighborhood and Charter Schools

The purpose of this study is to compare and examine special education enrollment trends across disability categories and grade spans for public neighborhood and charter schools in the City of Chica...
Factors associated with degree of tumour response to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer and subsequent corresponding outcomes.

Abstract Background Tumour response to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer varies significantly between patients, as classified by Tumour Regression Grade (TRG 0–3), with 0 equating to pathological complete response (pCR) and 3 denoting minimal/no response. pCR is associated with significantly better local recurrence rates and survival, but is achieved in only 20–30% of patients. The literature contains limited data reporting factors predictive of tumour response and corresponding outcomes according to degree of regression. Methods All patients with rectal cancer who received neo-adjuvant radiotherapy, entered into the National Cancer Database (NCDB) in 2009–2013, were included. Data were analysed on procedure performed, tumour details, pathological findings, chemo-radiotherapy regimens, patient demographics, outcomes and survival. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with pCR. Results Of 13,742 patients, 32.4% achieved pCR/TRG0 (4452). Factors associated with pCR (vs. TRG3) included adenocarcinoma rather than mucinous adenocarcinoma histology; well/moderately differentiated grade; lower clinical tumour (cT 1 , cT 2 , cT 3 ) and nodal (N 0 and N 1 ) stage, and the addition of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Elevated CEA levels were associated with TRG3. pCR patients had higher rates of local excision, shorter mean length of stay and lower unplanned readmission rates, than TRG3. R0 resection rates and overall survival were significantly higher in all grades of regression, compared to TRG3 (p Conclusion Tumour regression correlates with outcomes. Identifying factors predictive of response may facilitate higher pCR rates, the tailoring of therapy, and improve outcomes.
Design of Drip Irrigation Lines with Varying Pipe Sizes

The purpose of this paper is to show that by designing laterals or submains with different pipe sizes (different diameters) the energy gradient lines will be close to the slope of the lateral or submain; therefore, the pressure variation will be reduced.
Cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP): A stage-specific biomarker of heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP).

Abstract Background Genesis of a cartilaginous scaffold is an obligate precursor to bone formation in heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO). We tested the hypothesis that cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP) can serve as a plasma biomarker for the pre-osseous cartilaginous stage of HEO. Palovarotene, a retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARγ) agonist, has been proposed as a possible treatment for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and is a potent inhibitor of HEO in mouse models. Current drug development for FOP mandates the identification of stage-specific biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of clinical trial endpoints. Results Here we show in an injury-induced, constitutively-active transgenic mouse model of FOP that CD-RAP levels peaked between day-7 and day-10 during the zenith of histologically-identified chondrogenesis, preceded radiographically apparent HEO, and were diminished by palovarotene. Cross-sectional analysis of CD-RAP levels in plasma samples from FOP patients demonstrated a statistically non-significant trend toward higher levels in the recent flare-up period (three weeks to three months within onset of symptoms). However, in a longitudinal subgroup analysis of patients followed for at least six months after resolution of flare-up symptoms, there was a statistically significant decrease of CD-RAP when compared to levels in the same patients at the time of active or recent exacerbations. Conclusions These data support the further exploration of CD-RAP as a stage-specific biomarker of HEO in FOP.
Executive Summary from the 2017 Emergency Medicine Resident Wellness Consensus Summit.

Introduction: Physician wellness has recently become a popular topic of conversation and publication within the house of medicine and specifically within emergency medicine (EM). Through a joint collaboration involving Academic Life in Emergency Medicine’s (ALiEM) Wellness Think Tank, Essentials of Emergency Medicine (EEM), and the Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association (EMRA), a one-day Resident Wellness Consensus Summit (RWCS) was organized. Methods: The RWCS was held on May 15, 2017, as a pre-day event prior to the 2017 EEM conference in Las Vegas, Nevada. Seven months before the RWCS event, pre-work began in the ALiEM Wellness Think Tank, which was launched in October 2016. The Wellness Think Tank is a virtual community of practice involving EM residents from the U.S. and Canada, hosted on the Slack digital-messaging platform. A working group was formed for each of the four predetermined themes: wellness curriculum development; educator toolkit resources for specific wellness topics; programmatic innovations; and wellness-targeted technologies. Results: Pre-work for RWCS included 142 residents from 100 different training programs in the Wellness Think Tank. Participants in the actual RWCS event included 44 EM residents, five EM attendings who participated as facilitators, and three EM attendings who acted as participants. The four working groups ultimately reached a consensus on their specific objectives to improve resident wellness on both the individual and program level. Conclusion: The Resident Wellness Consensus Summit was a unique and novel consensus meeting, involving residents as the primary stakeholders. The summit demonstrated that it is possible to galvanize a large group of stakeholders in a relatively short time by creating robust trust, communication, and online learning networks to create resources that support resident wellness.
Media, markets and violence

Media have multipronged linkages to violence, and these have been studied in considerable detail in the fields of communication and media studies. With commercialisation of media and the rapid decl...
Marxism and Ethical Theory: A Brief History

The process of discovery and dissemination of Marx’s more explicitly humanist writings extended throughout the first half of the twentieth century. The major documents involved were his doctoral thesis (written in 1840–41, first published in 1902),1 the Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law (written in 1843, first published in 1927),2 the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (written in 1844, first published in full in 1932),3 the German Ideology (written in 1845–46, first published in full in 1932),4 and the Grundrisse, (written in 1857–58, published in 1939, when it was obscured by the outbreak of war, and republished in 1953, after which it became widely available for the first time).5 The translations of these works into other languages sometimes required many more years; for example, a relatively complete English translation of the Grundrisse appeared only in 1973.
Behaviour-based Robots for Dangerous and Difficult Environments

Behavior-based robots are successfully being used in real applications and are being developed for many more. The behavior-based philosophy can be extended beyond the control system itself into the way in which the robot is physically embedded in the world to do its tasks.
Extended biopsy followup after full course radiation for resectable prostatic carcinoma.

Extended biopsy followup of 17 relatively young men with resectable prostatic cancer treated by external supervoltage radiotherapy is presented. Although six of the eight surviving patients now have negative biopsies, the over- all survival rate and the over-all incidence of negative biopsies are not so encouraging, with only 35 percent rendered free of tumor. Thus, the role of radiotherapy in resectable prostatic carcinoma should be critically scrutinized. More accurate staging is needed. Hopefully, more sophisticated studies of diagnostic and prognostic value will be available in the near future. (auth)
Understanding the ability of low-cost MOx sensors to quantify ambient VOCs

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present a unique challenge in air quality research given their importance to human and environmental health, and their complexity to monitor resulting from the number of possible sources and mixtures. New technologies, such as low-cost air quality sensors, have the potential to support existing air quality measurement methods by providing data in high time and spatial resolution. These higher-resolution data could provide greater insight into specific events, sources, and local variability. Furthermore, given the potential for differences in selectivities for sensors, leveraging multiple sensors in an array format may even be able to provide insight into which VOCs or types of VOCs are present. During the FRAPPE and DISCOVER-AQ monitoring campaigns, our team was able to co-locate two sensor systems, using metal oxide (MOx) VOC sensors, with a proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS) providing speciated VOC data. This dataset provided the opportunity to explore the ability of sensors to estimate specific VOCs and groups of VOCs in real-world conditions, e.g., dynamic temperature and humidity. Moreover, we were able to explore the impact of changing VOC compositions on sensor performance as well as the difference in selectivities of sensors in order to consider how this could be utilized. From this analysis, it seems that systems using multiple VOC sensors are able to provide VOC estimates at ambient levels for specific VOCs or groups of VOCs. It also seems that this performance is fairly robust in changing VOC mixtures, and it was confirmed that there are consistent and useful differences in selectivities between the two MOx sensors studied. While this study was fairly limited in scope, the results suggest that there is the potential for low-cost VOC sensors to support highly resolved ambient hydrocarbon measurements. The availability of this technology could enhance research and monitoring for public health and communities impacted by air toxics, which in turn could support a better understanding of exposure and actions to reduce harmful exposure.
An Interpolation Algorithm to Speed Up Nonlinear Modal Testing Using Force Appropriation

Force appropriation testing has long been used for ground vibration testing of aircraft, where it is critical to estimate the modal parameters and especially damping accurately. Recently, extensions were presented that allow systematic identification of the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of conservative and non-conservative nonlinear structures. While this method provides accurate results with high confidence, it is unfortunately quite slow and so the structure may be subjected to significant damage over the course of a test. This work proposes a new approach in which the test is performed more quickly by simply acquiring measurements near the nonlinear resonance, but without the time consuming tuning required to reach the resonance precisely. Then, the recently proposed single nonlinear resonant mode method is used to interpolate between test points in order to estimate the NNM from each set of forced responses. The method is first evaluated numerically using a reduced model of a curved clamped-clamped beam that exhibits both softening and hardening response due to geometric nonlinearity. Then the method is employed experimentally to measure the first two NNMs of a curved beam that was manufactured from plastic using a 3D printer and the results are compared to the traditional tuning approach.
Can Social Media Incite Political Mobilization

تعتمد الانتفاضات الشعبية على قدرة الجماهير المقهورة على القيام بعمل جماعي. ويستلزم الإعداد لمثل هذا العمل ارتباط هذه الجماهير بشبکات اجتماعية تتيح لها الالتقاء والتواصل بشکل طبيعي لا يلفت نظر النظام الحاکم. تاريخيا، کانت هذه الشبکات الاجتماعية تتمرکز فى دور العبادة والجامعات والمدارس والتجمعات العمالية والمنتديات الإجتماعية. أما في عصر التکنولوجيا الرقمية، فقد أتاحت مواقع التواصل الإجتماعي للمستخدمين الإلتقاء افتراضيا بشکل يومي. وعلي الرغم من أن الالتقاء افتراضي إلا انه يقوم بنفس الدور في اعطاء المستخدمين الفرصة للتواصل والحشد. يستعرض هذا البحث الدراسات المنهجية التي ترى قدرة مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي على تفعيل حراک جماهيرى وتلک التي تنکر عليها هذا الدور. کما يقدم البحث نماذج لحرکات جماهيرية قامت في العقد الأخير في عدد من الدول مستخلصا من واقع التجربة قدرة مواقع التواصل الإجتماعي على أن تکون محفزا لتحرک جماهيرى مؤثر. Research Objective: This paper tries to understand the process of mobilizations in light of the digital age that characterizes our contemporary society. Research sample: The paper presents cases of mobilization movements in various countries in the last decade, Results: - Inexpensive technologies could empower citizens and mitigate the top-down politics where leaders control information and decide for the people. Moving from the revolution to a political process, social media can be used to drive young voters to participate. - The promise and challenge of the democratization process in Egypt in the age of social media is to allow strong and viable political parties to emerge in a country where over 80% of the population has never participated in party politics. Social media can facilitate and hasten the process of recruiting members and activists, of spreading political messages, mobilizing voters and organizing support. The prospect is that social media become tools for democratizing Egypt just as they were tools for toppling the president.
EMG Reactivity and Oral Habits Among Young Adult Headache Sufferers and Painfree Controls in a Scheduled-Waiting Task

Previous research has shown that patients with facial pain exhibit a pattern of physiological and behavioral reactivity to scheduled-waiting tasks that may help account for the development of facial pain. The present study extended this line of research by examining the psychophysiological reactivity of headache sufferers in a similar task. A total of 34 frequent headache sufferers screened by International Headache Society (IHS) criteria and 13 painfree controls completed a psychophysiological assessment consisting of 4 phases (adaptation, free-play, scheduled-play, and recovery) that included a scheduled-waiting condition (scheduled-play) designed to produce adjunctive behavior. Masseter and frontalis EMG were measured continuously during each phase and self-reported oral habits and pain ratings were collected following each phase. A significant interaction and group effect was found on frontalis EMG, with the headache group exhibiting elevated EMG levels across the phases, whereas the control group exhibited increasing EMG levels that peaked during the scheduled-play phase. Only a significant phase effect was found on masseter EMG, with the highest EMG levels recorded during the scheduled-play phase for both groups. In addition, a significant phase effect was found on self-reported oral habits data. Overall, these results provide general support for the adjunctive behavior effect, but the predicted difference in magnitude between the groups was not found.
A Tale of Three Spectrums: Deviating from Normative Treatments of Sex and Gender

This article presents pathways for deviating from sex and gender analyses norms to better incorporate sex and gender diversity in deviance studies. Synthesizing insights from emerging intersex, tra...
Measurement-based study on characterizing symmetric and asymmetric respiratory motion interplay effect on target dose distribution in the proton pencil beam scanning.

Pencil beam scanning proton therapy makes possible intensity modulation, resulting in improved target dose conformity and organ-at-risk (OAR) dose sparing. This benefit, however, results in increased sensitivity to certain clinical and beam delivery parameters, such as respiratory motion. These effects can cause plan degeneration, which could lead to decreased tumor dose or increased OAR dose. This study evaluated the measurements of proton pencil beam scanning delivery made with a 2D ion chamber array in solid water on a 1D motion platform, where respiratory motion was simulated using sine and cosine4 waves representing sinusoidal symmetric and realistic asymmetric breathing motions, respectively. Motion amplitudes were 0.5 cm and 1 cm corresponding to 1 cm and 2 cm of maximum respiratory excursions, respectively, with 5 sec fixed breathing cycle. The treatment plans were created to mimic spherical targets of 3 cm or 10 cm diameter located at 5 cm or 1 cm depth in solid water phantom. A reference RBE dose of 200 cGy per fraction was delivered in 1, 5, 10, and 15 fractions for each dataset. We evaluated dose conformity and uniformity at the center plane of targets by using the Conformation Number and the Homogeneity Index, respectively. Results indicated that dose conformity as well as homogeneity was more affected by motion for smaller targets. Dose conformity was better achieved for symmetric breathing patterns than asymmetric breathing patterns regardless of the number of fractions. The presence of a range shifter with shallow targets reduced the motion effect by improving dose homogeneity. While motion effects are known to be averaged out over the course of multifractional treatments, this might not be true for proton pencil beam scanning under asymmetrical breathing pattern.
Ambulatory ECG Monitoring in Syncope and Collapse: Current Status and Utility

Despite availability of practice Guidelines directing appropriate use of ambulatory electrocardiographic (AECG) monitoring, clinician prescription of AECGs is sometimes less than ideal, and patients are often under-informed concerning the diagnostic monitoring devices available and reasons for their selection. Findings from studies in both the USA and Europe indicate that while most physicians follow the guidelines for appropriate AECG use, a substantial minority does not. All too often (approx. 25% of cases), Holter monitors are chosen for infrequent symptoms, while insertable loop recorders are selected for very frequent symptoms. There were no great differences in these behaviors between USA, Germany, and United Kingdom physicians. In regard to the patients, published findings indicate that patients in USA, Europe, and Japan do not well understand AECG monitoring, or the basis of selection of device best for their needs; patients indicated a desire for greater education in these issues. In summary, there is a greater need for physician and patient education with respect to optimal AECG use in evaluating syncope/collapse.
Ground Level Aviation Noise Prediction: A Sequence to Sequence Modeling Approach Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks

Recent advancements in machine learning and the availability of massive data sets now facilitate the development of neural network models to predict aviation noise based on aircraft trajectories. In this paper, we use a long short-term memory recurrent neural network to predict aviation noise at a ground location near Washington National Airport. The model is developed using over 10 months of achieved radar data and noise readings. Beyond trajectory information, meta-data regarding the aircraft type and weather data is integrated into the model. While specific to a ground station and airport, the model is able to accurately predict aviation noise above 55 db with a mean absolute error of 2.3 dB.
Partial Differential Equations

In this chapter we derive the laws governing the vibration of a stretched string and a stretched membrane, and the equations governing the propagation of heat. Like the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy studied in the previous chapter, and like the electromagnetism laws, these laws are expressed as partial differential equations. We derive some properties and some solutions of these equations. We also state the Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics, derive a property of the solutions and explain the physical meaning of this property.
A Perfect Storm: Social Media News, Psychological Biases, and AI

In an age where news information is created by millions and consumed by billions over social media (SM) every day, issues of information biases, fake news, and echo-chambers have dominated the corridors of technology firms, news corporations, policy makers, and society. While multiple disciplines have tried to tackle the issue using their disciplinary lenses, there has, hitherto, been no integrative model that surface the intricate, albeit “dark” explainable AI confluence of both technology and psychology. Investigating information bias anchoring as the overarching phenomenon, this research proposes a theoretical framework that brings together traditionally fragmented domains of AI technology, and human psychology. The proposed Information Bias Anchoring Model reveals how SM news information creates an information deluge leading to uncertainty, and how technological rationality and individual biases intersect to mitigate the uncertainty, often leading to news information biases. The research ends with a discussion of contributions and offering to reduce information bias anchoring.
Using graphical context to reduce the effects of registration error in augmented reality

An ongoing research focus in Augmented Reality (AR) is to improve tracking and display technology in order to minimize registration errors between the graphical display and the physical world. However, registration is not always necessary for users to understand the intent of an augmentation, especially in situations where the user and the system have shared semantic knowledge of the environment. I hypothesize that adding appropriate graphical context to an augmentation can ameliorate the effects of registration errors. I establish a theoretical basis supporting the use of context based on perceptual and cognitive psychology. I introduce the notion of Adaptive Intent-Based Augmented Reality (i.e. augmented reality systems that adapt their augmentations to convey the correct intent in a scene based on an estimate of the registration error in the system). I extend the idea of communicative intent, developed for desktop graphical explanation systems by Seligmann and Feiner (Seligmann & Feiner, 1991), to include graphical context cues, and use this as the basis for the design of a series of example augmentations demonstrating the concept. I show how semantic knowledge of a scene and the intent of an augmentation can be used to generate appropriate graphical context that counters the effects of registration error. I evaluate my hypothesis in two user studies based on a Lego block-placement task. In both studies, a virtual block rendered on a head-worn display shows where to place the next physical block. In the first study, I demonstrate that a user can perform the task effectively in the presence of registration error when graphical context is included. In the second, I demonstrate that a variety of approaches to displaying graphics outside the task space are possible when sufficient graphical context is added.
Tests of Beam-to-Column Web Moment Connections

A testing program involving steel beam-to-column web moment connections was recently conducted at Lehigh University. The connections studied had the beam attached to the web side of a wide-flange column by different combinations of bolting and welding with the beam loads tending to bend the column about its weak axis. Four subassemblages each consisting of a W14x246 column and a W27x94 beam on one side of the column only were tested to ultimate under simulated static loading conditions by applying a load to the beam while the column was experiencing an axial load. Presented is a description of the testing program, load versus deflection plots and a description of the failure modes of the four connections. Conclusions are drawn regarding the performance of the assemblages.
NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF THE BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME

An infant with no external signs of trauma and a picture closely mimicking organic brain disease was treated for months before battering was considered as a possible cause of her difficulty. The similarity of her symptoms to neurologic disease was so striking that battering continued undetected until she finally showed external bruises. Neurologic findings, which included exaggerated startle, hyperreflexia, and increased muscle tone, were not due to organic neurologic disease, and all disappeared within 1 week after hospital admission. The battered child syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis of developmental failure with diffuse or nonfocal neurologic signs; and, all infants who show these symptoms should be hospitalized.
International Space Station United States Oxygen Generator Development Testing

A life test of a liquid anode feed oxygen generator assembly (OGA) using SPE(R) (United Technologies Corporation, Hamilton Sundstrand Division) membrane technology was terminated in June of 1999. In the total 15,658 hours of operation at MSFC since delivery in 1995, the OGA has produced 2,103 kilograms (kg) (4,632 pounds mass (lbm)) of oxygen, and 263 kg (579 lbm) of hydrogen. Evaluation of cell stack characteristics and oxygen and hydrogen hydrophilic/hydrophobic membrane separators will be discussed.
Auriculotemporal syndrome seen clinically as food allergy.

Adverse food reactions are common complaints to the general pediatrician. True hypersensitivity reactions are only a small part of the overall incidence of reactions. Other conditions that are initially thought to be food allergies include enzyme deficiencies, food poisoning, and pharmacologic agents in foods. We describe four children with parental complaints of "food allergies." For each child, auriculotemporal or Frey syndrome was later diagnosed. Because of its benign nature, Frey syndrome is important to recognize to avoid unnecessary laboratory testing and extensive referrals. CASE REPORTS Patient 1 A 4-year-old white girl had a history of food allergy that caused flushing of the left cheek. According to the mother, this flushing seemed most apparent after the child ingested red foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and red candy.