cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suitability of paediatric patients for day case adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy surgery

Abstract Background: Adenotonsillectomy has been identified as a procedure that can be safely performed as a day case given certain social and medical criteria. Previous studies have found conflicting results regarding the proportion of suitable patients, particularly regarding inner city populations. Methods: All patients aged 3 years or more under the care of Manchester Children's Hospitals who were admitted for adenotonsillectomy, tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in a 4-month period beginning 4 March 2002 were prospectively assessed for their suitability for day case surgery. Results: Following exclusion for pre- and postoperative and social contraindications, 68% of children were found to be suitable for day case surgery. When combined with parental preference, this fell to 38%. Conclusions: Day case adenotonsillectomy is possible in a reasonable proportion of children in Manchester. It should be performed on a morning list and clear written guidelines must be provided to reassure parents.
PRICING AND HEDGING IN A DYNAMIC CREDIT MODEL

In this paper, we present a methodology for pricing and hedging portfolio credit derivatives in a dynamic credit model. Starting with a single-name Marshall–Olkin framework, we build a dynamic top-down version of the model, which is tractable and preserves the intuition of the original setting. In the first part of the paper, we derive analytically the Fourier transform of the loss variable and we study the skew dynamics implied by the model. In the second part, we develop a theory for dynamic hedging of portfolio credit derivatives. Since the market is incomplete, due to the residual correlation risk, perfect replication cannot be achieved. To find the hedging strategies, we use a quadratic risk minimization criterion.
Influence of water vapor condensation on exhaust gas recirculation cooler fouling

Abstract Cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is widely used in diesel engines to control engine out NO x (oxides of nitrogen) emissions. A portion of the exhaust gases is re-circulated into the intake manifold of the engine after cooling it through a heat exchanger known as an EGR cooler. EGR cooler heat exchangers, however, tend to lose efficiency and have increased pressure drop as deposit forms on the heat exchanger surface due to transport of soot particles and condensing species to the cooler walls. The focus of this study was to investigate whether surface condensation of water vapor could be used to remove the accumulated deposit mass from various types of deposit layers typically encountered in EGR coolers. Both visual and quantitative evidence of water vapor condensation and deposit removal were collected. A multi-cylinder diesel engine was used to produce three different deposit layers in a custom built single rectangular channel EGR cooler. The deposit layers were then exposed to water vapor condensation over a range of coolant temperatures, flow rates and exposure times by adjusting the engine operating conditions. Significant flaking and removal of deposit layers made up of mostly soot particles was observed when exposed to condensation of water vapor even with an exposure duration as low as 5 min. However, very little removal of deposit mass with exposure to water vapor condensation was observed when the deposit layer consisted of condensed exhaust hydrocarbon species in addition to soot. In addition to engine experiments a visualization test rig was setup to visualize condensation of water vapor from clean humid air and its effect on different deposit layers. Surface condensation of water vapor can lead to significant removal of certain deposit layers from the cooler walls and, thus, mitigate fouling of the EGR cooler. It could potentially be used as regeneration strategy for periodic on-board regeneration of fouled EGR coolers.
Autolytic Properties of Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50

Whole-cell autolytic activity of prototypical glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (GISA) Mu50 was reduced versus that of hetero-GISA Mu3 and glycopeptide-susceptible S. aureus, consistent with other GISA strains. In contrast, autolytic activity was relatively high in Mu50 crude cell walls and autolysin extracts against purified cell walls, reflecting the complexities of autolytic activity regulation.
Rethinking Global Commodity Chains Integrating Extraction, Transport, and Manufacturing

The global commodity chains (GCCs) approach is an insightful way to understand issues of ‘development’ and production and consumption differentials across space. It potentially offers insight into the issue of ‘ecologically unequal exchange’. However, we propose three revisions to conventional GCC analysis. First, many of the GCC studies tend to focus on only part of the commodity chain – and we need, in effect, to ‘lengthen’ the chains. Stephen Bunker (1984) emphasized that ‘commodities can emerge only from locally based extractive and productive systems’ (p. 1017). Beginning GCC analysis with these primary products forces the examination of various modes, techniques and technologies of extractive regimes, as well as the key roles of transportation and communications systems. Second, focusing on this ‘longer chain’ requires analysis of spatially based disarticulations and contestations. Mineral deposits and agricultural economies tend to be tied to specific ‘natural’ geographies – thus, ‘enclave economies’ frequently develop that are globally integrated but locally disarticulated. Transportation systems (especially of bulk products) are extremely vulnerable to disruption and change dramatically over time. Third, we explicitly focus on tightly integrated social and natural processes across a range of industries. The goal is to focus on the relationship between long-term changes in the world economy and the natural environment, as well as on research in environmental studies that examines ‘ecologically unequal exchange’ and points to prospects for sustainable development.
Name Disambiguation—Learning From More User-Friendly Models

Library catalogs do not provide catalog users with the assistance they need to easily and confidently select the person they are interested in. Examples are provided of Web services that do a better job of helping information seekers differentiate the person they are seeking from those with similar names. Some of the reasons for this failure in library catalogs are examined. This article then looks at how much information is necessary to help users disambiguate names, how that information could be captured and shared, and some ways the information could be displayed in library catalogs.
Production and application of a novel energy-tunable X-ray source at the RPI LINAC

The 60-MeV electron linear accelerator at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) is used to produce parametric X-rays (PXR). PXR is an intense, quasi-monochromatic, energy-tunable, and polarized X-ray source derived from the interaction of relativistic electrons with the periodic structure of crystal materials. Experiments were performed using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), LiF, Si, Ge, Cu, and W target crystal radiators. Smooth X-ray energy tunability is achieved by rotating the crystal with respect to the electron beam direction. Measured energy linewidths consistently agreed with predicted values except in cases using lower quality HOPG. When the predicted energy linewidth was narrower than our Si X-ray detector resolution (350 eV at 17.5 KeV), a near-absorption edge transmission technique that takes advantage of the PXR energy tunabilty was used to measure the PXR energy linewidth for example, Si(4 0 0) FWHM of 134 eV at 9.0 keV (2%). Per electron, the photon production efficiency of PXR is comparable to synchrotron radiation sources. A theoretical model that considers electron multiple scattering, electron divergence, and crystal mosaicity was used to broaden the PXR photon distribution in order to calculate the predicted PXR photon yield. Comparing measurements and calculations resulted in a typical relative error below 50%. In some cases with LiF, the differences between predicted and measured values were as low as 2% for LiF(4 0 0). Finally, this work reports for the first-time PXR imaging. This was achieved using LiF(2 2 0) interacting with 56 MeV electrons with electron beam currents up to 6 lA. The LiF and graphite PXR target crystals were compared for use in soft tissue imaging, e.g. mammography using energies 17–20 keV. Low Z materials like graphite and LiF were most suitable for PXR production because of their low Bremsstrahlung production, electron scattering, and photon absorption. Graphite was more efficient at producing PXR photons while the LiF energy line width was narrower. � 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 41.60.� m; 87.59.� e; 41.75.Fr
Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of VX15/2503; a Humanized IgG4 Anti-SEMA4D Antibody

The humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody VX15/2503 bound with 1 to 5 nmol/L affinity to purified recombinant semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D; CD100) produced using murine, rat, cynomolgus macaque, and human sequences. The affinity for native SEMA4D expressed on macaque T lymphocytes was approximately 0.6 nmol/L. Tissues from rats and cynomolgus macaques demonstrated specific staining only with resident lymphocytes. Single-dose and one-month toxicology/PK studies used VX15/2503 dose levels of 0 to 100 mg/kg. No toxicity was observed with either species in these studies, thus the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 mg/kg. Cmax, exposure, and half-life values were similar for both rats and macaques. The NOAEL in a primate maximum feasible dose study was 200 mg/kg. Saturation of T-cell-associated SEMA4D occurred following administration of single doses of 0.1 mg/kg and above; five weekly injections of VX15/2503 at a dose level of 100 mg/kg produced saturation lasting for more than 120 and 130 days, respectively, for rats and primates. Macaques administered five weekly doses of VX15/2503 showed dose-dependent reductions of 2- to 3-fold in T-cell SEMA4D (cSEMA4D) expression levels compared with controls. Reduced cSEMA4D expression levels continued until serum antibody concentrations were 2 to 5 μg/mL, and thereafter normal cSEMA4D levels were restored. On the basis of these data, a phase I clinical study of the safety and tolerability of VX15/2503 was conducted, enrolling adult patients with advanced solid tumor diseases; a single-dose, dose escalation, phase I safety study was also initiated with subjects with multiple sclerosis.
Summation and Synthesis: From the Aging Point of View

I am pleased to represent the gerontological community in making these summary remarks. Given the enormous scope of this meeting, however, I can cover only a few topics. We can regard this general, introductory conference as a precursor to a series of more focused workshops on cancer and aging. The National Cancer Institute and the National Institute on Aging have much to learn from each other. I congratulate Drs. Huber Warner and Stringner Sue Yang for bringing their perspective constituencies together.
Trigger condition testing and view maintenance using optimized discrimination networks

Presents a structure that can be used both for trigger condition testing and view materialization in active databases, along with a study of techniques for optimizing the structure. The structure presented is known as a discrimination network. The type of discrimination network introduced and studied in this paper is a highly general type of discrimination network which we call the Gator network. The structure of several alternative Gator network optimizers is described, along with a discussion of optimizer performance, output quality and accuracy. The optimizers can choose an efficient Gator network for testing the conditions of a set of triggers or optimizing maintenance of a set of views, given information about the structure of the triggers or views, database size, predicate selectivity and update frequency distribution. The efficiency of optimized Gator networks relative to alternatives is analyzed. The results indicate that, overall, Gator networks can be optimized effectively and can give excellent performance for trigger condition testing and materialization of views.
In Defense of Basic Science Funding: Today’s Scientific Discovery Is Tomorrow’s Medical Advance

In this address, I will discuss the importance of basic science in tackling our health problems. I will also describe how the funding cuts are damaging our economic competitiveness and turning our young people away from science.
The Origin of Primary Plastids: A Pas de Deux or a Ménage à Trois?

The idea of an endosymbiotic origin of plastids has become incontrovertible, but many important aspects of plastid origins remain obscured in the mists of more than a billion years of evolutionary history. This commentary provides a critical summary of a recent proposal that primary plastid endosymbiosis was facilitated by the secretion into the host cytosol of effector proteins from intracellular Chlamydiales pathogens that allowed the host to utilize carbohydrates exported from the incipient plastid. Although not without flaws, the model provides an explanation for why primary plastids have evolved so rarely and why Archaeplastida, among all phagotrophic eukaryotes, succeeded in establishing primary plastids.
Mercury pathways in the carson river—lahontan reservoir system, nevada, usa

Concentrations of mercury (Hg) were determined in surface waters and associated river bank sediment samples in a river—reservoir system contaminated by mine wastes. The distribution of total and methyl Hg in surface waters along the Carson River was similar to that measured in river bank sediments and influenced by flow regimes. High levels of Hg (up to 7,585 and 7.2 ng Hg/L for total and methyl Hg, respectively) determined on surface water samples were in large part discharged from Hg-contaminated tailings, distributed in the river bank sediments. Once introduced into the river during the spring snowmelt runoff, Hg was transported downstream and accumulated in the lacustrine part of the system. Elemental Hg (Hg0) increased from 0.02 ng/L in the noncontaminated region to about 2 ng/L in the reservoir. The vertical distribution of total methylmercury (MeHgT) in water of the reservoir differs from that observed elsewhere, in both Hg-contaminated and noncontaminated lakes. The highest levels of MeHgT ( 10 m did not enhance MeHg production. In the anoxic hypolimnion of the reservoir, the recycling of MeHgT was more influenced by the redox cycling of Mn. The addition of group VI anions (SeO2−4, MoO2−4, and WO2−4) in the range of concentrations of oxyanion-forming elements found in the Carson River system to anoxic sediment slurry spiked with SO2−4 resulted in the reduction of rates of MeHg production. Their negative effect on MeHg production was enhanced by increasing pH. Group VI anions, analogous to SO2−4 are inhibitory to sulfate-reducing bacteria, which are known to play a key role in MeHg production in anoxic sediments. Accordingly, the particular water geochemistry of the Carson River system could partly explain the observed low levels of MeHg where one would expect higher concentrations.
Nanocomposites of poly(ether ether ketone) with carbon nanofibers: Effects of dispersion and thermo-oxidative degradation on development of linear viscoelasticity and crystallinity

Poly(ether ether ketone), PEEK, is a widely used engineering plastic that is especially suitable for high temperature applications. Compounding of PEEK with carbon nanofibers, CNF, has the potential of enhancing its mechanical and thermal properties further, even at relatively low CNF concentrations. However, such enhancements can be compromised by myriad factors, some of which are elucidated in this study. Considering that the dispersion of the CNF into any high molecular weight polymer is a challenge, two different processing methods, i.e., melt and solution processing were used to prepare PEEK nanocomposites with low aspect ratio carbon nanofibers. The linear viscoelastic material functions of PEEK nanocomposites in the solid and molten states were characterized as indirect indicators of the dispersion state of the nanofibers and suggested that the dispersion of nanofibers into PEEK becomes difficult at increasing CNF concentrations for both solution and melt processing methods. Furthermore, the time-dependence of the linear viscoelastic material functions of the PEEK/CNF nanocomposites at 360e400 � C indicated that PEEK undergoes thermo-oxidative cross-linking under typical melt processing conditions, thus preventing better dispersion by progressive increases of the mixing time and specific energy input during melt processing. The crystallization behavior of PEEK is also affected by the presence of CNF and degree of cross-linking, with the rate of crystallization decreasing with increasing degree of cross-linking and upon the incorporation of CNFs both for the solution and melt processed PEEK nanocomposites.
Rethinking Library Service to Distance Education Students: Analyzing the Embedded Librarian Model

Since fall 2009, reference librarians at The George Washington University's Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library have been embedded in online classes through Blackboard within the School of Nursing and School of Medicine and Health Sciences. The authors sought to determine the types of questions asked of the librarian, with the goal of informing future interactions with distance education classes to help develop a standard “protocol” for working with this population of students. Eighty-two questions were categorized and qualitatively analyzed. The findings have prompted librarians to explore tools such as Elluminate Live!, a tool that allows librarians to provide synchronous instruction within the Blackboard environment.
A skewed Kalman filter

The popularity of state-space models comes from their flexibilities and the large variety of applications they have been applied to. For multivariate cases, the assumption of normality is very prevalent in the research on Kalman filters. To increase the applicability of the Kalman filter to a wider range of distributions, we propose a new way to introduce skewness to state-space models without losing the computational advantages of the Kalman filter operations. The skewness comes from the extension of the multivariate normal distribution to the closed skew-normal distribution. To illustrate the applicability of such an extension, we present two specific state-space models for which the Kalman filtering operations are carefully described.
Toward a Taxonomy of Projective Content

Projective contents, which include presuppositional inferences and Potts's (2005) conventional implicatures, are contents that may project when a construction is embedded, as standardly identified by the FAMILY-OF-SENTENCES diagnostic (e.g. Chierchia & McConnell-Ginet 1990). This article establishes distinctions among projective contents on the basis of a series of diagnostics, including a variant of the family-of-sentences diagnostic, that can be applied with linguistically untrained consultants in the field and the laboratory. These diagnostics are intended to serve as part of a toolkit for exploring projective contents across languages, thus allowing generalizations to be examined and validated crosslinguistically. We apply the diagnostics in two languages, focusing on Paraguayan Guarani (Tupi-Guarani), and comparing the results to those for English. Our study of Paraguayan Guarani is the first systematic exploration of projective content in a language other than English. Based on the application of our diagnostics to a wide range of constructions, four subclasses of projective contents emerge. The resulting taxonomy of projective content has strong implications for contemporary theories of projection (e.g. Karttunen 1974, Heim 1983, van der Sandt 1992, Potts 2005, Schlenker 2009), which were developed for the projective properties of particular subclasses and fail to generalize to the full set of projective contents.
Third party distributor in the hotel industry: an analytical study of their contract design

Many hotels are using third party discount websites, such as expedia.com. The hotels benefit from an enlarged potential market by reaching price sensitive consumers, but also face fierce competition from those third party vendors. Meanwhile, many hotels start to use 'best rate guarantee' on their own websites to attract customers. The author discusses the characteristics of hotel industry and uses a game theoretical approach to study the contract design between hotel chains and third party vendors. The results confirm 'best rate guarantee' is the best strategy for hotel chains. Analytical results and managerial implications are presented.
Modeling of intra-die process variations for accurate analysis and optimization of nano-scale circuits

This paper proposes the use of Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) for accurate and efficient modeling of intra-die correlations in the semiconductor manufacturing process. We demonstrate that the KLE provides a significantly more accurate representation, of the underlying stochastic process compared to the traditional approach of dividing the layout into grids and applying principal component analysis (PCA). By comparing the results of leakage analysis using both KLE and the existing approaches, we show that using KLE can provide up to 4-5/spl times/ reduction in the variability space (number of random variables) while maintaining the same accuracy. We also propose an efficient leakage minimization algorithm that maximizes the leakage yield while satisfying probabilistic constraints on the delay.
Identification of a protein kinase activity that phosphorylates connexin43 in a pH-dependent manner

The carboxyl-terminal (CT) domain of connexin43 (Cx43) has been implicated in both hormonal and pH-dependent gating of the gap junction channel. An in vitro assay was utilized to determine whether the acidification of cell extracts results in the activation of a protein kinase that can phosphorylate the CT domain. A glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein was bound to Sephadex beads and used as a target for protein kinase phosphorylation. A protein extract produced from sheep heart was allowed to bind to the fusion protein-coated beads. The bound proteins were washed and then incubated with 32P-ATP. Phosphorylation was assessed after the proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE. Incubation at pH 7.5 resulted in a minimal amount of phosphorylation while incubation at pH 6.5 resulted in significant phosphorylation reaction. Maximal activity was achieved when both the binding and kinase reactions were performed at pH 6.5. The protein kinase activity was stronger when the incubations were performed with manganese rather than magnesium. Mutants of Cx43 which lack the serines between amino acids 364-374 could not be phosphorylated in the in vitro kinase reaction, indicating that this is a likely target of this reaction. These results indicate that there is a protein kinase activity in cells that becomes more active at lower pH and can phosphorylate Cx43.
Interactivity and the Invisible: What Counts as Writing in the Age of Web 2.0

This study asks: what counts as writing in a Web 2.0 environment? How do the vocabularies, functionalities, and organizing structures of Web 2.0 environments impact our understanding of what writing is in these spaces and how that writing is performed? Results suggest that we, as scholars and teachers, need to pay more attention to, first, the interactivity that is embedded in and afforded by Web 2.0 applications and, second, the processes that are invisible to the composer. Successful compositional engagement with Web 2.0 applications requires an evolving interactive set of practices similar to those practiced by gamers, comics, and electronic literature authors and readers. What we learn about these practices has the potential to transform the way we understand writing and the teaching of writing within and outside of a Web 2.0 ecosystem.
Lower bounds for partial matchings in regular bipartite graphs and applications to the monomer–dimer entropy

We derive here the Friedland–Tverberg inequality for positive hyperbolic polynomials. This inequality is applied to give lower bounds for the number of matchings in r-regular bipartite graphs. It is shown that some of these bounds are asymptotically sharp. We improve the known lower bound for the three-dimensional monomer–dimer entropy.
Array current distributions to generate flat-topped beams

The generation of shaped beam antenna patterns is of considerable importance in satellite and radar systems. Orchard's (1985) synthesis procedure can be applied to equispaced linear arrays that will generate shaped patterns like the cosec/sup 2//spl theta//spl times/cos/spl theta/ pattern (useful in ground-mapping radars and aircraft beacons), and flat-topped patterns (useful in satellite broadcast systems). Elliott and Stern (1985) synthesized planar arrays with real current distributions to obtain flat-topped beams with elliptical contour. Linear program synthesis and transformation techniques have also been applied to generate two-dimensional shaped-beam patterns. We describe real-valued linear array current distributions, derived from the Legendre polynomials, that can generate flat topped beams of controllable width.
Phosphoryl group transfer: evolution of a catalytic scaffold

It is proposed that enzymic phosphoryl-transfer reactions occur by concerted, step-wise, associative (phosphorane-intermediate) or dissociative (metaphosphate-intermediate) mechanisms, as dictated by the catalytic scaffold and the reactants. During the evolution of a phosphotransferase family, the mechanism of the phosphoryl-transfer reaction is in constant flux, potentially changing with each adaptation of the catalytic scaffold to a new phosphoryl-donor–acceptor pair. Phosphotransferases of the recently discovered haloacid dehalogenase superfamily of enzymes, one of the largest and most ubiquitous of the phosphotransferase families characterized to date, are described in the context of the co-evolution of the catalytic scaffold and mechanism.
Fast characterization of the Static Noise Margin degradation of cross-coupled inverters and correlation to BTI instabilities in MG/HK devices

A fast BTI characterization setup is introduced to study the Static Noise Margin (SNM) of cross-coupled inverters using metal gate / high-k devices. It is shown that static stress leads to significant SNM degradation due to positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) at high stress voltage consistent with device level data. For the dynamic stress mode the bias temperature instability (BTI) induced degradation of the Pull UP and Pull down devices becomes symmetric which can mask the “worst-case” SNM degradation depending on the initial cell symmetry.
Minimal number of support points for mini-max optimal designs

Conditions are given for a class of mini-max optimal designs to have a minimum number of support points. The result is applied to construct a G-optimal design when the error variance depends on the independent variable exponentially.
Intimacy as a Double-Edged Phenomenon? An Empirical Test of Giddens

In a series of books published since 1990, Anthony Giddens has explored the impact of globalization on the personal relationships and inner lives of those living in the advanced capitalist societies of the West. Of particular interest to him have been intimate, sexual relationships, which he views as tending, under the weight of globalization, away from a “traditional” model and toward a “posttraditional” form in which the relationship is seen as a means to self-development and is expected to be dissolved when it no longer serves this purpose. These posttraditional or “pure love” relationships, Giddens argues, hold great promise for human freedom and happiness, but are so unpredictable that they also threaten to overwhelm people with anxiety and lead them to engage in compensatory addictive behaviors. This article empirically examines Giddens’s claims. Data come from a nationally representative survey of Americans in midlife. Results show that people in pure love relationships reap the rewards to which Giddens points, but experience few of the negative side effects. The theoretical implications of the findings are considered.
Rupture of an aortocoronary saphenous vein graft aneurysm.

Abstract Few cases of aortocoronary saphenous vein (SV) graft aneurysm have been reported. These have been limited primarily to pseudoaneurysms occurring at either the proximal or distal anastomosis, although at least 6 cases of true aneurysmal change of the vein conduit itself have been reported in English. 1–5 This report reviews an unusual case of acute rupture of an autogenous SV graft aneurysm, which presented initially as acute right hemothorax after a brief period of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
A WELL-TEMPERED LIBERALISM: MODERN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND POLITICAL THEORY

Intellectual history and the history of political thought are siblings, perhaps even twins. They have similar origins and use similar materials. They attract many of the same friends and make some of the same enemies. Yet like most siblings, they have different temperaments and ambitions. This essay explores the family resemblances and draws out the contrasts by examining two major works by one of the most prominent political theorists of the past half-century, Alan Ryan, who has recently published two big books that intellectual historians will find rewarding and provocative.
The irradiance Jacobian for partially occluded polyhedral sources

The irradiance at a point on a surface due to a polyhedral source of uniform brightness is given by a well-known analytic formula. In this paper we derive the corresponding analytic expression for the irradiance Jacobian, the derivative of the vector representation of irradiance. Although the result is elementary for unoccluded sources, within penumbrae the irradiance Jacobian must incorporate more information about blockers than either the irradiance or vector irradiance. The expression presented here holds for any number of polyhedral blockers and requires only a minor extension of standard polygon clipping to evaluate. To illustrate its use, three related applications are briefing described: direct computation of isolux contours, finding local irradiance extrema, and iso-meshing. Isolux contours are curves of constant irradiance across a surface that can be followed using a predictor-corrector method based on the irradiance Jacobian. Similarly, local extrema can be found using a descent method. Finally, iso-meshing is a new approach to surface mesh generation that incorporates families of isolux contours.
EVIDENCE FOR THE EMERGENCE OF A TYPE-1–LIKE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF CALVES RECOVERING FROM CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS

This study was undertaken to characterize the mucosal response to Cryptosporidium parvum in infected calves that had recovered from diarrhea. Flow cytometric surface phenotypes of lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) suspensions from infected calves and age-matched controls revealed the presence of a significantly larger proportion of CD25+ LPL in infected calves than in controls. Freshly isolated LPL from infected calves expressed more iNOS and interferon (IFN)-gamma than did controls. Infected calves excreted IgG1 and IgG2 isotype antibodies to C. parvum p23 by the end of the experiment. Moreover, immunohistochemistry of ileal sections revealed the presence of IgG1+ and IgG2+ B lymphocytes in the villi and IgG1+ but not IgG2+ B lymphocytes in continuous Peyer's patch nodules. These data are consistent with the emergence of a type-1-like mucosal immune response in terminal ileal mucosa as calves recover from cryptosporidiosis.
The Issues — Analytical and Theoretical

Competing analyses of Warlpiri have made explicit what is, I think, a relatively common assumption in regard to agreement, to wit: Agreement plays no role in syntactic composition. In Warlpiri, two (or more) elements which share certain formal properties and which are (intuitively, at least) members of a single expression need not be adjacent to one another.
Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback on an Isometric Strengthening Program

An evaluation was carried out of the strength gains after a 19-day training program that consisted of isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic biofeedback to the knee extensor muscles. The subjects were 30 female undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The experimental group performed isometric exercise and received electromyographic biofeedback, another group performed isometric exercise without receiving biofeedback, and the control group performed no exercises other than the pretest and posttest. The combination of biofeedback and isometric exercise was shown to produce greater gains in peak torque than isometric exercise alone over a 19-day training period. The authors believe that this study may provide a strong rationale for the clinical use of biofeedback.
Health Care Expenses in Retirement and the Use of Health Savings Accounts

The new Medicare drug law that was enacted in late 2003 makes two changes that supporters of the law say should make it easier for today's workers to prepare to pay the medical bills they will confront in retirement: prescription drug benefits (the new Medicare Part D) and health savings accounts (HSAs). This paper examines the impact of Medicare Part D on savings needed for insurance premiums to supplement Medicare, Medicare Part B and D premiums, and out-of-pocket expenses in retirement, and examines the viability of using HSAs to save for these expenses. It presents a wide range of estimates based on various ages at the time of death, because longevity risk is a major threat to retirement income security. This range of estimates also varies with various assumptions regarding health insurance premium inflation rates and out-of-pocket expenses. Projecting the amount needed for medical expenses in retirement is tentative and complex because it requires conclusions about the range by which medical inflation will exceed consumer prices generally, as well as assumptions about whether medical practices will change in a way that makes Medicare coverage for a given ailment more or less likely.
Analysis of Index Insurance Potential for Adaptation to Hydroclimatic Risks in the West African Sahel

AbstractIndex insurance has been viewed as a financial adaptation to climate risks with the potential for widespread application, especially in a developing world context. The potential for index insurance is explored in the context of hypothetical drought and flood contracts at the national level for farmers in the West African Sahel nations of Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mali. The region’s climatology and dynamics are discussed and multiple datasets are considered as potential indices.Agricultural, precipitation, streamflow, remotely sensed vegetation, and Nino sea surface temperature indices were explored as potential bases for index insurance contract. Correlation analyses between the potential geophysical and agricultural indices are examined and two of the rainfall datasets are found to have robust positive correlations with millet production in all three nations, while a particular streamflow index is found to have a robust negative correlation with rice production in Niger. A methodological innovatio...
Organizational Innovation Practice of Knowledge Enterprise Development and Staff Growth

An institute has the evident characteristics of the knowledge enterprise.Due to its own cooperation property and market environment,this cooperation is lack of innovating power and spirit.However,its own superfluous knowledge quantity,the pressure of keeping the knowledge consistency and improving the staff's intention of knowledge sharing force the cooperation to carry out the practice of organization innovation actively to promote the effective use of its own knowledge.Based on the frame of "knowledge management-organization learning and personal learning-organizational innovation",the corresponding practices of four years duration were done.The results show that:the cooperation's capability of organizational innovation has been successfully promoted due to the practice above.
THE SEDIMENTATION DIFFERENTIAL AGGLUTINATION TEST: I. METHOD OF THE TEST. II. OBSERVATIONS ON THE DESTRUCTION AND PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AND COMPARISON WITH THE RESULTS OF THE RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS METHOD

The sedimentation differential agglutination technic is a modification of the Ashby method by means of which the concentration of immunologically distinct erythrocytes in a mixture can be determined by observing their volume after agglutination and subsequent sedimentation. The method has been applied to the determination of the efficiency of replacement transfusions, the survival of red cells after blood transfusion, and has afforded a method for the determination of production of erythrocytes under certain conditions. The results indicate an almost complete inhibition of erythropoiesis and the frequent presence of excessively rapid hemolysis in "blast" leukemias. In a number of instances in which simultaneous measurements by the sedimentation differential agglutination and radioactive phosphorus technics were made, good correspondence between the two methods was observed. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is indebted to Dr. Richard Rosenfield and Miss Grace Ohno who supplied some of the antiserums and performed the replacement transfusions of this study.
Invited paper: Fast multi-channel Gibbs-sampling for clustering in cloud-based radio access networks

In this paper, we study how to cluster Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) into Virtual Base-Stations (VBSs) in a Cloud-based Radio Access Network to optimally manage the tradeoff between improving the performance of cell-edge users and maintaining high spatial reuse for the overall system. We develop Gibbs-sampling based algorithms that can find the desirable global VBS configuration from an arbitrarily given set of allowable VBS configurations. While Gibbs-sampling has been used to solve other wireless control problems, its application to VBS clustering faces new challenges both due to the difficulty in estimating the quality of a VBS configuration under rapid channel variations, and due to a new global coupling effect. We leverage Random Matrix Theory to develop a method that can quickly estimate the quality of a VBS configuration based only on average channel statistics. Further, we use perturbation analysis to develop a distributed approximation of the Gibbs sampler to circumvent the global coupling effect, which then allows different parts of the network to search for better VBS configurations in parallel. Our numerical results demonstrate how the proposed algorithm can be used as a general tool to evaluate the system performance under a variety of clustering constraints.
Infrared, Mössbauer, and NMR Studies of Some Stannous Chloride and Bromide Complexes of Thiourea and Tetramethylthiourea

Complexes having the formulas Sn(TU)Cl2, Sn(TU)2Cl2, Sn(TU)2Br2 (TU = thiourea), Sn(TMTU)Cl2, and Sn(TMTU)Br2 (TMTU = tetramethylthiourea) have been prepared in methanol solutions or by the solid-state reaction method. These pure, solid complexes and solutions of the complexes have been studied by IR, Mossbauer, and NMR spectroscopy. A discussion of the relative merits of each technique in determining properties such as the symmetry and the bonding of these complexes is presented.
Effect of inhaled gas density on the pendelluft-induced lung injury

Abstract Helium, sulfur hexafluoride–oxygen, and air were modeled to examine the role of the gas density on the pendelluft-induced lung injury (PILI) under high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Large eddy simulation coupled with physiological resistance–compliance boundary conditions was applied to capture pendelluft-induced gas entrapment and mechanical stresses in an image-based human lung model. The flow characteristics were strongly dependent on the inspired gas density. The flow partitioning, globally between the left and right lung and locally between adjacent units branches, was significantly affected by the density of inhaled gas and was more balanced when inspiring lighter gas. The incomplete loops of flow–volume and volume–pressure curves were significantly influenced by the variations of the flow redistribution, resistance, and turbulence associated with the pendelluft mechanism. Inhaling light gas reduced the entrapped gas volume and mechanical stress surrounding carina ridges signifying the important role of inhaled gas properties on PILI. In general, lung ventilation by HFOV with a gas mixture of large amounts of Helium is thought to mitigate ventilator complications.
Dentinedysplasie, regionale odontodysplasie en dentinogenesis imperfecta

Dentineafwijkingen, zoals dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentinedysplasie en regionale odontodysplasie, kunnen door infectie prematuur tandverlies veroorzaken. Voor de patient zal vooral de esthetiek een rol spelen, want de typisch amberkleurige elementen zijn niet bepaald aantrekkelijk te noemen. Dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 is gelinkt aan osteogenesis imperfecta, terwijl type 2 en 3 autonome typen zijn die niet gelinkt zijn aan de twee genen (COL1A1 en COL1A2) die voor collageenvorming verantwoordelijk zijn. Dentinogenesis imperfecta type 2, 3 en dentinedysplasie type 1 en 2 zijn daarentegen gelinkt aan een allel op chromosoom 4q22.1. Klinische en radiografische aanwijzingen zijn typisch voor deze dentineafwijkingen, die niet altijd zo eenvoudig van elkaar te onderscheiden zijn. De behandeling ervan zal in eerste instantie gericht moeten zijn op pijnbestrijding en/of infectiebestrijding en in tweede instantie op esthetiek en occlusieherstel.
Abstract 1517: G0-like cells support an oral cancer stem cell pool by transitioning to a JARID1B-high state

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) likely contain a subset of tumor cells whose stem cell-like molecular and functional properties help sustain tumor growth. There is growing evidence that this cancer stem cell (CSC) pool exists in dynamic equilibrium with other subpopulations with tumorigenic potential. To characterize this plasticity in OSCC, we examined the developmental potential of tumor cells in a “G0-like” cell state previously shown to have high growth capacity and innate drug resistance in other tumor types. G0-like cells in OSCC exhibited hallmark molecular traits of low reactive oxygen species (ROS), high Hes1, and low total Akt levels. However, despite lacking high levels of CD44 and other stem cell markers, they prominently displayed stem cell-like functional properties of in vitro sphere formation and in vivo tumorigenicity. To evaluate the contribution of G0-like cells to the oral CSC pool, a GFP reporter system was used to isolate CSCs based on high expression of JARID1B, an H3K4me3 demethylase associated with multiple normal and malignant stem cell phenotypes. JARID1B-high OSCC cells were distinct from the G0-like subset, highly expressed CD44 and ALDH1, and possessed both molecular and functional CSC traits. Silencing JARID1B expanded the G0-like subset but abrogated its functional CSC properties, suggesting these cells mediate such functions by returning to a JARID1B-high CSC state. The G0-like and JARID1B-high subsets were further distinguished by widely disparate levels of PI3-kinase pathway activation, which corresponded to distinct responses to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. These findings reveal a JARID1B-mediated mechanism underlying a contribution of G0-like cells to a CSC pool. Further they may provide a novel basis for OSCC therapy by simultaneously targeting the CSCs and a subset G0-like cells that appear uniquely primed to return to a CSC state. Citation Format: Nicole Facompre, Zachary Belden, Phyllis Gimotty, Anil Rustgi, Meenhard Herlyn, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Devraj Basu. G0-like cells support an oral cancer stem cell pool by transitioning to a JARID1B-high state. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1517
Human Cytomegalovirus Requires Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling To Enter and Initiate the Early Steps in the Establishment of Latency in CD34+ Human Progenitor Cells

ABSTRACT The establishment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency and persistence relies on the successful infection of hematopoietic cells, which serve as sites of viral persistence and contribute to viral spread. Here, using blocking antibodies and pharmacological inhibitors, we document that HCMV activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates viral entry into CD34 + human progenitor cells (HPCs), resulting in distinct cellular trafficking and nuclear translocation of the virus compared to that in other immune cells, such as we have documented in monocytes. We argue that the EGFR allows HCMV to regulate the cellular functions of these replication-restricted cells via its signaling activity following viral binding. In addition to regulating HCMV entry/trafficking, EGFR signaling may also shape the early steps required for the successful establishment of viral latency in CD34 + cells, as pharmacological inhibition of EGFR increases the transcription of lytic IE1/IE2 mRNA while curbing the expression of latency-associated UL138 mRNA. EGFR signaling following infection of CD34 + HPCs may also contribute to changes in hematopoietic potential, as treatment with the EGFR kinase (EGFRK) inhibitor AG1478 alters the expression of the cellular hematopoietic cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12) in HCMV-infected cells but not in mock-infected cells. These findings, along with our previous work with monocytes, suggest that EGFR likely serves as an important determinant of HCMV tropism for select subsets of hematopoietic cells. Moreover, our new data suggest that EGFR is a key receptor for efficient viral entry and that the ensuing signaling regulates important early events required for successful infection of CD34 + HPCs by HCMV. IMPORTANCE HCMV establishes lifelong persistence within the majority of the human population without causing overt pathogenesis in healthy individuals. Despite this, reactivation of HCMV from its latent reservoir in the bone marrow causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunologically compromised individuals, such as bone marrow and solid organ transplant patients. Lifelong persistent infection has also been linked with the development of various cardiovascular diseases in otherwise healthy individuals. Current HCMV therapeutics target lytic replication, but not the latent viral reservoir; thus, an understanding of the molecular basis for viral latency and persistence is paramount to controlling or eliminating HCMV infection. Here, we show that the viral signalosome activated by HCMV binding to its entry receptor, EGFR, in CD34 + HPCs initiates early events necessary for successful latent infection of this cell type. EGFR and associated signaling players may therefore represent promising targets for mitigating HCMV persistence.