cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hearing What the Eyes See: Auditory Encoding of Visual Temporal Sequences

When the senses deliver conflicting information, vision dominates spatial processing, and audition dominates temporal processing. We asked whether this sensory specialization results in cross-modal encoding of unisensory input into the task-appropriate modality. Specifically, we investigated whether visually portrayed temporal structure receives automatic, obligatory encoding in the auditory domain. In three experiments, observers judged whether the changes in two successive visual sequences followed the same or different rhythms. We assessed temporal representations by measuring the extent to which both task-irrelevant auditory information and task-irrelevant visual information interfered with rhythm discrimination. Incongruent auditory information significantly disrupted task performance, particularly when presented during encoding; by contrast, varying the nature of the rhythm-depicting visual changes had minimal impact on performance. Evidently, the perceptual system automatically and obligatorily abstracts temporal structure from its visual form and represents this structure using an auditory code, resulting in the experience of "hearing visual rhythms."
Slow rupture of viscous films between parallel needles

Experiments and theory on the rupture of a free plane viscous film are reported. The relatively thick film, with a typical thickness of the order of 0.1–0.6 mm, rests between two long parallel needles. When the film is punctured, a hole is formed with the rim on the front. The hole expands, reaches the needles, and propagates along them with a constant velocity of the order of 2–50 cm s−1. The Reynolds numbers for the present experiments are relatively small, 0.002 ≤ Re ≤ 0.34. A crude theory for propagation velocity of the rim is proposed; the theory compares well with the experimental data. The rupture profile is visually similar to a U-shaped curve. Crude equations for the rupture profile are derived, and their solutions are consistent with the experimental observations. A theory for propagation velocity and profile of the rupture, applicable to all Reynolds numbers, is proposed.
FOam separation of colloidal particulates: Rate studies

An experimental investigation is presented of the rate of foam separation of colloidal ferric oxide from aqueous suspension. A cationic surfactant in initial concentrations of from 0·05 to 0·13 mmole/1 is used with negatively charged ferric oxide at pH 10·8. An anionic surfactant in initial concentrations of from 0·03 to 0·10 mmole/1 is used with positively charged ferric oxide at pH 5·8. The initial concentrations of particulates are 2·38 and 1·67 mmole/1, as trivalent iron. The process involves variable volumes and a consideration of relative rates of adsorption and foam separation. The rates of removal of surfactant are directly proportional to the quantities of surfactant in the residual suspension and are independent of the quantities of particulates. The rates of removal of particles are directly proportional to the surfactant to particulate ratio in the residual suspension and are a power function of the quantity of particulates in the residual suspension. In one case, the initial surfactant concentration is significant. The relations obtained are accurate to about 15% for the surfactant removals and to about 24% for the particulate removals; these are reasonable considering process complexities.
Impact of radiation-induced nonuniform damage near MOSFET junctions

Laterally nonuniform distributions of radiation-induced oxide charge and interface traps near MOSFET junctions have been found in a variety of samples. As revealed by three independent measurement techniques, the degree of nonuniformity depends strongly on the process technology. Such lateral nonuniformity could arise from the lateral variation of the oxide field near the channel edges during irradiation and the different diode properties in these regions compared to those in the main channel region. These channel edge effects can significantly affect MOSFET device parameters such as the threshold voltage, transconductance, channel resistance, and effective channel length. This is especially the case for submicron devices. Results from computer simulation indicate that the edge damage alone could contribute to a major portion of the transconductance degradation in irradiated submicron devices. >
The role of intersystem crossing steps in singlet oxygen chemistry and photo-oxidations

Abstract Singlet oxygen chemistry and photo-oxidation reactions, in general, often require one or more critical reaction steps that involve an intersystem crossing from a singlet state to a triplet state or vice versa. This paper considers two important intersystem crossing mechanisms, electron spin-electron orbit (spin-orbit) coupling and electron spin-nuclear spin (spin-spin) coupling, and how they may be involved : (1) in the deactivation of 1 O 2 to 3 O 2 ; (2) in the thermal catalytic conversion of 3 O 2 to 1 O 2 ; and (3) in the fragmentation of aromatic endoperoxides to yield O 2 and an aromatic substrate.
Further characterization of, and range extension for, Pseudopyrochroa obtusicristata (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae)

Abstract Pseudopyrochroa obtusicristata Young was originally described from one male and three females, all from west-central and southwestern Taiwan. The species has now been confirmed from Fujian Province, P. R. China. Habitus images for both the adult male and female, as well as salient features of the head and antennae, are provided.
What does “A gene for heart disease” mean? A focus group study of public understandings of genetic risk factors

There is growing concern in the medical community about potential genetic determinism in the patient population. Limited information about the public understanding of genetic factors in disease formation is available. To access public perceptions of potentially deterministic phrasing of genetic risk factors, we sought to establish interpretations of the phrase, "a gene for heart disease." Focus groups in urban, suburban, and rural communities were conducted from July through October, 2001 in Georgia. A total of 108 participants were recruited. Participants were recruited to balance sex and racial representation. We used three outcome measures for participants understandings of the phrase: (1) participants' statements of the meaning of the phrase; (2) the level of determinism assigned to genetic factors by participants; and (3) participant reports of the health consequences of having "a gene for heart disease." Participants did not report a single interpretation of the phrase. There were dominant participant interpretations under each outcome measure: (1) "a gene for heart disease" was interpreted as meaning genetic and environmental factors both played roles in disease formation; (2) genetic predisposition was perceived as heightened, not absolute, risk; (3) the perceived health impact was a greater risk of becoming sick. Minority interpretations were found under each measure. Overall, naming "a gene for heart disease" does not appear to have a deterministic impact on a plurality of participants' perceptions of risks associated with genetic factors. Genetic fatalism in patient populations may be confined to a sizable minority. Important considerations for provider intervention and patient education are indicated.
Prostaglandin E2 gel versus misoprostol for cervical ripening in patients with premature rupture of membranes after 34 weeks.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare intravaginal misoprostol to prostaglandin (PG) E 2 for cervical ripening in women with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) after 34 weeks of gestation. METHODS: Women with PROM after 34 weeks of gestation and an unripe cervix were randomized to receive PGE 2 (2.5 mg) or misoprostol (50 μg). Both agents were placed intravaginally immediately after randomization, and the dose was repeated 6 hours later if necessary. After another 6 hours from the second insertion, oxytocin treatment was started if labor had not begun. Forty patients in each group were required to show a 30% improvement in delivery within 12 hours in the misoprostol group. RESULTS: One hundred nine patients were randomized; 54 were assigned to misoprostol and 55 to PGE 2 . Important demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the groups. The mean time from first insertion to delivery was 16.4 hours in the misoprostol group and 22.0 hours in the PGE 2 group. A second dose was required less frequently in the misoprostol group (22% vs 62% in the PGE 2 group), and the percentage of patients delivered within 12 hours was higher in the misoprostol group (41% vs 16%). Tachysystole occurred in 20% and 6% of women in the misoprostol and PGE 2 groups, respectively. Hyperstimulation occurred in 9% and 0%, and cesarean delivery in 19% and 26% of women in the misoprostol and PGE 2 groups, respectively. Neonatal outcome was similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Intravaginal misoprostol is more effective than local PGE 2 application to treat PROM after 34 weeks of gestation, but tachysystole occurs more commonly with misoprostol.
MAGNITUDE AND MECHANISMS OF DISEQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN PREDAWN PLANT AND SOIL WATER POTENTIALS

Predawn plant water potential (Ψw, measured with leaf psychrometers) and surrogate measurements made with the pressure chamber (termed Ψpc here) are used to infer comparative ecological performance, based on the expectation that these plant potentials reflect the wettest soil Ψw accessed by roots. There is growing evidence, however, that some species exhibit substantial predawn disequilibrium (PDD), defined as plant Ψw or Ψpc at predawn substantially more negative than the Ψw of soil accessed by roots. In the western Great Basin desert, the magnitude of PDD calculated as soil Ψw minus predawn leaf Ψw was as large as 1.4 and 2.7 MPa for two codominant shrub species, Chrysothamnus nauseosus and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, respectively. The magnitude of PDD calculated as soil Ψw minus predawn Ψpc was smaller, up to 0.6 and 2.1 MPa for Chrysothamnus and Sarcobatus, respectively. For both species, mechanisms contributing to PDD included nighttime transpiration and putative leaf apoplastic solutes, but not hydraul...
Open reduction internal fixation has fewer short-term complications than shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures

Background Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty (HA), and anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA/RTSA) are surgical treatment options for proximal humeral fractures (PHFx). Little is known about comparative complication rates. We aimed to determine whether ORIF for PHFx has fewer 30-day complications than HA and TSA/RTSA and to define independent risk factors for 30-day complications. Methods Patients who underwent ORIF, HA, or TSA/RTSA for PHFx between 2006 and 2013 were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Potential patient and surgical risk factors and 30-day postoperative complications were extracted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results We identified 1791 patients (1262 ORIF, 404 HA, and 125 TSA/RTSA). The overall complication rate was 13.0% in ORIF, 22.0% in HA, and 23.2% in TSA/RTSA ( P P = .009) and overall complications ( P = .028) but not against major complications ( P = .351). Risk factors for overall complications included preoperative sepsis ( P P P = .002), transfusion of at least 5 units in the 72 hours before surgery ( P = .002), longer operative time ( P = .003), and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( P = .028). Conclusions After adjusting for patient factors, ORIF for PHFx remains an independent protective factor against overall complications and minor complications compared with HA and TSA/RTSA, primarily due to lower rates of blood transfusion. Patient comorbidities play a larger role than the procedure selected in predicting short-term complications.
Territoriality and the Muslim Spiritual Boards of Post-Soviet Russia

The Muslim Spiritual Board (Dukhovnoe upravlenie musul’man), a centralized ecclesiastical institution, was established by Catherine II (“the Great”) in the late eighteenth century as a means to incorporate the Muslims of Russia into the confessional structure of the state while also shaping and reinforcing an Islam that was considered fundamentally loyal to the Tsarist Empire. The Bolsheviks, against the background of a broader and more intense institutional atheism, retained the Muslim Spiritual Board (MSB) as a way to control Soviet Muslims by molding an Islam that was generally pliant and faithful to the Soviet state. The institution did not disappear alongside the USSR; rather dozens were created in regions throughout the Russian Federation as well as other Muslim regions of the Former Soviet Union. This chapter explores the significance of the proliferation of MSB and the role they are playing in shaping Islamic revivals in post-Soviet Russia. I use Tatarstan, an important Muslim-majority region located in Russia’s Middle Volga region to explore the territorial logic behind the formation and subsequent development of the new MSB. I illustrate how, beginning the early 1990s, the political leadership in powerful Muslim-majority regions such as Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, and other frontrunners in Russia’s internal “parade of sovereignties” viewed the institution as an important attribute of independent statehood and, correspondingly, a means of redeveloping Islamic traditions vital to ethno-national culture. Next I discuss how the practices and representations of the MSB, today communicating and reinforcing versions of Islam deemed “traditional to Russia,” have changed under the influence of the political-territorial recentralization of the Russian Federation that began in 2000.
Precise evaluation of the reduction of severe ankle fractures.

A method for the assessment of the accuracy of reduction in postreduction roentgenograms was developed. The final clinical results, one to 7.5 years after injury, were studied in 117 patients with 118 displaced bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures at the ankle treated at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center between January 1966 and December 1970. Three variables were found to significantly affect the final clinical results: (1) the amount of talar displacement prior to reduction; (2) the type of fracture; and (3) the presence of rupture of the deltoid ligament.
Algorithms for Deforming and Contracting Simply Connected Discrete Closed Manifolds (II)

In a recent paper, {\it Algorithms for Deforming and Contracting Simply Connected Discrete Closed Manifolds (II)}, we discussed two algorithms for deforming and contracting a simply connected discrete closed manifold into a discrete sphere. The first algorithm was a continuation of work that began in {\it Algorithms for Deforming and Contracting Simply Connected Discrete Closed Manifolds (I)}, the second algorithm contained a more direct treatment of contraction for discrete manifolds. In this paper, we clarify that we can use this same method on standard piecewise linear (PL) complexes on the triangulation of general smooth manifolds. Our discussion is based on triangulation techniques invented by Cairns, Whitehead, and Whitney more than half of a century ago. In this paper, we use PL or simplicial complexes to replace certain concepts of discrete manifolds in previous papers. Note that some details in the original papers related to discrete manifolds may also need to be slightly modified for this purpose. In this paper, we use the algorithmic procedure (a contraction process) to prove the following theorem: For a finite triangulation of a simply-connected closed and orientable 3-manifold $M$ in Euclidean space, if a (simply-connected closed) 2-cycle which was made by 2-cells of this triangulation separates $M$ into two connected components, then each of the components will also be simply-connected. In addition, we can algorithmically make $M$ to be homeomorphic to a 3-sphere. The relationship of the theorem to a generalized Jordan separation problem, the general Jordan-Schoenflies theorem, and other important problems are also discussed. This revision adds more figures and explanations as well as two more special cases. We will post the detailed algorithm/procedure for practical triangulations in the following papers.
Uptake and Metabolism of Phthalate Esters by Edible Plants

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are large-volume chemicals and are found ubiquitously in soil as a result of widespread plasticulture and waste disposal. Food plants such as vegetables may take up and accumulate PAEs from soil, potentially imposing human health risks through dietary intake. In this study, we carried out a cultivation study using lettuce, strawberry, and carrot plants to determine the potential of plant uptake, translocation, and metabolism of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and their primary metabolites mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). All four compounds were detected in the plant tissues, with the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranging from 0.16 ± 0.01 to 4.78 ± 0.59. However, the test compounds were poorly translocated from roots to leaves, with a translocation factor below 1. Further, PAEs were readily transformed to their monoesters following uptake. Incubation of PAEs and monoalkyl phthalate esters (MPEs) in carrot cell culture showed that DnBP was hydrolyzed more rapidly than DEHP, while the monoesters were transformed more quickly than their parent precursors. Given the extensive metabolism of PAEs to monoesters in both whole plants and plant cells, metabolism intermediates such as MPEs should be considered when assessing human exposure via dietary intake of food produced from PAE-contaminated soils.
Validating the four components of Mimicry Deception Theory from the victim's perspective

Abstract Mimicry-Deception Theory (MDT) states that deception falls along a temporal continuum, where individuals who engage in long- vs. short-term deception differ on four key characteristics: complexity of deception, resource extraction rate, community integration, and detectability. If these assertions of MDT are true, then these four components should be inter-correlated and predict unique variance with respect to key outcomes of deception (such as post-deception doubt and monetary loss). Participants were asked to describe a major deception they experienced at the hands of someone they personally knew. Findings indicated that all four components of MDT were significantly correlated and that the long-term deception composite of these four MDT components significantly predicted post-deception doubt (Study 1) and amount of money lost (Studies 1 and 2). Further the MDT components predicted these outcomes above and beyond how long they knew the perpetrator or how skilled the perpetrator was perceived to be. These results suggest that MDT may be useful in profiling long- vs. short-term deception and may have practical implications for observing behaviors associated with dishonesty.
Juvenile justice sentencing: Do gender and child welfare involvement matter?

Abstract For young people who come into contact with the juvenile justice system, how they are sentenced following an arrest may profoundly influence the course of their development and adjustment as adults. Much of the research to date has focused on racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice sentencing policies and practices, and less is known about sentencing disparities based on other youth characteristics. Using Los Angeles County administrative data, this study investigates the effects of gender and child welfare statuses on sentencing for young people who are arrested for the first time (N = 5061). Results indicate that both young men and women are sentenced more harshly dependent upon the disposition, such that girls were more likely to be sentenced to group homes compared to boys, but boys were more likely to be sentenced to correctional facilities compared to girls. Child welfare-involved youth with a recent placement history are prone to more punitive sentences compared to their non-child welfare counterparts. Further, child welfare young women were not more likely to be sentenced to a harsher disposition compared to child welfare young men or non-child welfare young women. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Clinical Effect on Acute Laryngitis Complicated with Dyspnea between Budesonide Aerosol Inhalation and Dexamethasone: A Comparison

Objective To compare the clinical effect on acute laryngitis complicated with dyspnea between budesonide aerosol inhalation and dexamethasone. Methods From March 2011 to July 2013,131 acute laryngitis children complicated with dyspnea were selected in the Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital,and they were randomly divided into observation group( n =66) and control group( n = 65). Observation group was given budesonide aerosol inhalation,while control group was given dexamethasone intravenous drip. Disappeared time of clinical symptoms,hospital stays,clinical effect after 24 hours of treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results Disappeared time of laryngeal stridor,bark-like cough and hoarseness,hospital stays of observation group were shorter than those of control group( P 0. 05); the clinical effect of observation group was better than that of control group( P 0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions of observation group was 4. 5%,that of control group was 7. 7%,the difference was not statistically significant( P 0. 05).Conclusion Budesonide aerosol inhalation has better clinical effect on acute laryngitis complicated with dyspnea than dexamethasone,can quickly relieve the clinical symptoms,is safe.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Perilla frutescens Seed on Hyperlipoidemia Model Rats

Objective: To study the blood lipid reducing effect of Perilla frutescens seed in hyperlipoidemia model rats.Methods: Rats in treatment groups were continually given P.frutescens seed at doses of 0.8,4.2,25.0g/kgBW separately for 30 days.The serum levels of TC,TG and HDL-C of rats were examined on the 30~(th) day.Results: The serum contents of TC and TG in treated rats were markedly less than those of non-treated model group,while the level of HDL-C was not reduced.Conclusions: P.frutescens seed could reduce the level of blood lipids,except HDL-C,in rats.
Towards a Measure of Consumer Purchase Responsibility

This paper demonstrates the use of a step-by-step approach that has been suggested elsewhere in developing measures of new marketing constructs. The concept of consumer purchase responsibilitity is defined,and a known procedure is applied in the development of a measuring instrument for the above concept. A multicriteria approach is utilized to test the internal consistency of the instrument. Some potential uses of the measurement device are discussed. Further research directions are examined.
Conclusion: Imperial Mastery

It was raining, and Frederick Courteney Selous sat in the dirt in front of the Ndebele King Lobengula’s ‘quarters’ being ‘scoffed and jeered at’1. Already a well-known and respected hunter, Selous was being tried before Lobengula for the crime of instructing his wagon driver, Moilo, to kill a hippopotamus, a protected animal in Ndebele society. In his narrative, Selous said that he had actually warned Moilo against killing hippopotamuses but that he never said so during the trial as Moilo was ‘an old boy of mine, and a man I much liked’. Selous was afraid of what would happen to Moilo if he transferred the blame onto him, so instead, Selous denied the charge on the grounds that Moilo had killed the hippo for food, which was acceptable within Ndebele culture. Lobengula did not accept this defence, however. He found Selous guilty and fined him roughly £60, a large sum at the time that was more than the annual wage of a white farmhand in the Transvaal.2
Application of reaction rate concepts to thermal aging studies

A study has been made of insulation deterioration treated as a time rate phenomenon. It is shown that certain dielectric properties (i.e., dielectric strength and dissipation factor) of typical high temperature transformer insulations deteriorate, with time and temperature, in a manner which indicates the presence of two first order chemical reactions. The effects on the properties, due to these reactions may be separated, allowing a much more comprehensive analysis of the aging characteristics of a material. As one consequence, it is possible to define the time temperature-physical property relationship for a given material from the results of a limited number of accelerated aging tests. Justification is thereby provided for extrapolation of accelerated aging results to lower, operating temperatures.
Lessons in transfer: Better understanding of engineering students' metacognitive development

Metacognition plays a key role in the development of an effective, reflective engineering student who is learning to solve ill-structured problems. While we have developed an intervention to engage students in their metacognitive development within existing courses, it is equally important to consider instructors' perspectives. This work-in-progress presents the results of our analysis of 14 instructor semi-structured interview responses regarding implementation issues, instructor value for the intervention, and potential implications of adapting such an intervention. Our initial analysis indicates that instructors in our sample feel confident that they can teach students about metacognition, but that they still desire secondary supports. Ease of implementation is important so that instructors do not feel they are choosing between regular course content and students' metacognitive development. Instructors valued the ability to “diagnose” where students may have gaps in their metacognitive practice and felt that it was important to have a compelling message, perhaps from peers, to communicate the value of metacognition.
Bleeding and Liver Transplant Outcomes in Hemophilia

Background: Orthotopic liver transplant (OLTx) is increasingly being performed in hemophilia patients with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies on outcomes of OLTx are limited by small sample size or incomplete data. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and outcomes of OLTx in hemophilia patients in the U.S. from 1993 to 2012. Methods: This was a retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), a 20% sample of discharges of all U.S. hospitals participating in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), excluding rehabilitation and long-term acute care hospitals. Males undergoing OLTx were identified by ICD9 procedure code 50.59. Hemophilia patients were identified by ICD9 diagnosis codes 286.0 and 286.1. Female patients and those undergoing non-liver transplants were excluded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital transplant complications, length of stay (LOS), and total charges: the latter was adjusted for inflation by consumer price index data. Severity of co-morbid conditions was defined by Deyo's modification of the Charlson co-morbidity index. Using SAS 9.2, SURVEY procedures with STRATA, CLUSTER and WEIGHT statements were used for all analyses to adjust for the stratified cluster design of NIS. Results: Of 11,267 (weighted N = 54,691) patients undergoing OLTx in the period 1993-2012, 44 (0.4%) (weighted N = 213) had hemophilia. The latter had a significantly higher incidence of HIV (24.8% vs. 0.5%, p Conclusion: These data constitute one of the largest samples of hemophilia patients undergoing OLTx. Bleeding complications increase the risk of hypovolemic shock and death in those with hemophilia, even more so when accompanied by DIC and sepsis. Clotting factor replacement reduces total hospital charges, likely by reducing OLTx complication rates. Aggressive correction of coagulation defects in those with hemophilia may be an economically and medically sound approach to reduce complications and mortality associated with liver transplantation. Disclosures Ragni: Pfizer: Research Funding; SPARK: Research Funding; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Tacere Benitec: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Ferring Pharmceuticals: Research Funding; Vascular Medicine Institute: Research Funding; Biomarin: Research Funding; Alnylam: Research Funding; Genentech Roche: Research Funding; Baxalta: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; Foundation Women Girls Blood Disorders: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Biogen: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Dimension Therapeutics: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Medscape, Web MD: Honoraria; National Hemophilia Foundation: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
The Impact of a Professional Development Program on Teachers' Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching, Instruction, and Student Achievement

In this paper, we describe findings from a three-year evaluation of a well-developed mathematics professional development program that is commercially available on a wide scale. The professional de...
A behavioral sensing system that promotes positive lifestyle changes and improves metabolic control among adults with type 2 diabetes

The incidence of type 2 (insulin resistant) diabetes (T2D) is increasing, along with its complications of personal anguish and treatment costs. The American Diabetes Association recommends Lifestyle Modification (LM) both for the prevention and management of T2D. The basic premise of LM is that energy intake should be equal to energy output, or net carbohydrates consumed should roughly equal energy “burned” by physical activity to avoid hyperglycemia and its consequences. While these recommendations support healthy habits, lack of knowledge and motivation often result in “forgetting” to execute intended behaviors. Mobile technologies such a smartphones and wearables have the potential to educate, motivate and prompt individuals in situ to optimize these LMs and thereby favorably affect health. This paper presents a framework using wearable activity trackers and smartphones to promote positive behaviors such as reducing sedentary activity and promoting physical activity after meals. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach, the technology and supporting algorithms were analyzed and evaluated in a group of healthy students. Specifically, we developed an eating detection algorithm fusing accelerometer and gyroscope data streams from a smart watch. We developed the proposed algorithm in a controlled laboratory study, and we present the preliminary results of our eating detection algorithm from the experiment.
Imagination for Engineering Ethicists

Has progress in the scholarship and teaching of engineering ethics begun to stagnate? This question, together with responses to it given by Steven Goldman1 and Langdon Winner, 2 motivated this paper.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Atomic-Scale Adhesion, Deformation, Friction, and Modification of Diamond Surfaces

We highlight our work dealing with molecular dynamics simulation of atomic-scale adhesion, deformation, friction, and surface modification of hydrogen-terminated diamond (111) surfaces. The simulations employ an unique many-body bond-order potential which treats explicitly chemical hybridization in carbon-based systems.
Agricultural Intensification in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin

Intensification of agricultural production figures prominently in theories for the origins of complexity, state building, and environmental change. Recent literature has focused on identifying exactly what intensification is, what causes people to increase inputs of labor, cultivation frequency, and productivity, and how intensification can be identified archaeologically (see Kirch 1994; Leach 1999; Morrison 1994, 1996, contribution in this volume). These treatments of intensification have important implications for the way that the concept has been used in Mesoamerica.
School Years in Aarhus (1891–1893)

Although August loved the sea, a love he maintained throughout life, it became clear to him that he wished to study at the university. However, he had to wait until after he was sixteen before he was permitted to take the preliminaer examen, allowing him to enter Aarhus Cathedral School.
Ultrasound-guided arterial line catheterization in the critically ill: Technique and review

Arterial line catheterization in the critically ill patient is often an arduous task. Here we identify risk factors in the critical care patient that may predict a more difficult arterial catheter insertion. We also describe our ultrasound technique and review of the literature with regard to location of access, complications, and the use of ultrasound guidance.
Cross-linked electrospun gelatin nanofibers for cell-based assays

The present study evaluates the crosslinking of electrospun gelatin nanofibers by physical and chemical methods to further elucidate the importance of the application of gelatin scaffold platforms for cell-based assays. The dehydrothermally cross-linked electrospun gelatin scaffolds were unable to retained their structure morphology and integrity upon exposure to 1X PBS or cell-culture media. The DHT and EDC/Sulfo-NHS cross-linked gelatin scaffolds exhibited fiber diameter on average in the nanometer range. Subsequently, we utilized 1X PBS and cell culture media to evaluate the stability of the nanofibers in solution. The immersion evaluation indicated that the chemically crosslinked gelatin nanofibers maintained their random nanofiber distribution and morphology. However, a high degree of swelling was observed in the presence of cell culture media. Overall, the gelatin scaffold demonstrated good performance in PBS and cell culture media. Hence, EDC/Sulfo-NHS crosslinked electrospun gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds have good biocompatibility and are promising bio-scaffolds for cell-based assays.
Whatever Happened to the New York Intellectuals

Over the course of a very few decades, the New York Intellectuals went form being the intellectual community in U.S. cultural life to a historical coterie with little contemporary relevance. This article suggests some of the reasons for this evolution, both intellectual and personal.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Biomimetic Formulation of Clofazimine Hydrochloride Microcrystals for Parenteral Administration

Clofazimine (CFZ) is a broad spectrum antimycobacterial agent recommended by the World Health Organization as a first line treatment for leprosy and second line treatment for multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Oral administration of CFZ leads to a red skin pigmentation side effect. Since CFZ is a weakly basic, red phenazine dye, the skin pigmentation side effect results from lipophilic partitioning of the circulating, free base (neutral) form of CFZ into the skin. Here, we developed a stable and biocompatible formulation of CFZ-HCl microcrystals that mimics the predominant form of the drug that bioaccumulates in macrophages, following long term oral CFZ administration. In mice, intravenous injection of these biomimetic CFZ-HCl microcrystals led to visible drug accumulation in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system with minimal skin accumulation or pigmentation. In fact, no skin pigmentation was observed when the total amount of CFZ-HCl administered was equivalent to the total oral dose leading to maximal skin pigmentation. Thus, parenteral (injected or inhaled) biomimetic formulations of CFZ-HCl could be instrumental to avoid the pigmentation side effect of oral CFZ therapy.
Circadian Proteomic Analysis Uncovers Mechanisms of Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Metabolic Pathways

Transcriptional and translational feedback loops in fungi and animals drive circadian rhythms in transcript levels that provide output from the clock, but post-transcriptional mechanisms also contribute. To determine the extent and underlying source of this regulation, we applied newly developed analytical tools to a long-duration, deeply sampled, circadian proteomics time course comprising half of the proteome. We found a quarter of expressed proteins are clock regulated, but >40% of these do not arise from clock-regulated transcripts, and our analysis predicts that these protein rhythms arise from oscillations in translational rates. Our data highlighted the impact of the clock on metabolic regulation, with central carbon metabolism reflecting both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control and opposing metabolic pathways showing peak activities at different times of day. The transcription factor CSP-1 plays a role in this metabolic regulation, contributing to the rhythmicity and phase of clock-regulated proteins.
Advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors for bone sarcoma therapy

Bone sarcomas are a collection of sporadic malignancies of mesenchymal origin. The most common subtypes include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. Despite the use of aggressive treatment protocols consisting of extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, outcomes have not significantly improved over the past few decades for osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma patients. In addition, chondrosarcoma and chordoma are resistant to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. There is, therefore, an urgent need to elucidate which novel new therapies may affect bone sarcomas. Emerging checkpoint inhibitors have generated considerable attention for their clinical success in a variety of human cancers, which has led to works assessing their potential in bone sarcoma management. Here, we review the recent advances of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 blockade as well as other promising new immune checkpoint targets for their use in bone sarcoma therapy.
Bridging the Chasm: The Current State of the Art

For many multiply-disadvantaged patients, the likelihood of their adhering to a medical regimen is correlated with their experience of the caring and support coming from their healthcare providers. The best of team-based patient-centered care is required to develop a successful interaction pattern in the care of these patients. A robust approach combines what is known about caring for these patients in multiple literatures, joining the care management and team approach of the “complex” patient literature with the respect and cultural competence of the low-income patient literature and the support and refusal to be directive and re-traumatizing of the trauma-informed care (TIC) literature. The delivery of integrated primary care, including behavioral health clinicians and care enhancers, is particularly crucial in the success of patient-centered care for these patients. In addition, using skills learned from primary care behavioral health practice can help promote a culture in the team that generates the new mental models of care and the corresponding routines of practice needed for developing true partnership with these challenging patients. Two successful programs are presented. Finally, a brief discussion of what is still missing sets the stage for the next section of the book.
Comparatively Exceptional: The Paradoxes of Twentieth-Century Dutch Imperialism and Decolonization

This chapter reflects on a number of recent historiographical interventions in the field of modern Dutch imperialism and decolonization as well as the challenges of studying these subjects. It posits that such challenges stem from persistent, reflexive claims concerning the ‘exceptional’ nature of Dutch imperialism and decolonization, and demonstrates how such claims of uniqueness and exceptionality continue to shape academic and popular understandings. Foray devotes particular attention to simple and commonly used linguistic devices, such as the ‘yes, but…’ phraseology, which positions the Netherlands as somehow different from other empires and therefore outside the realm of meaningful comparison. This chapter is offered in support of a comparative 'New Imperial History' undertaken by a global community of scholars examining the history and legacies of the Dutch empire.
Assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk after flood damage in Wuhan City

OBJECTIVE To assess the schistosomiasis transmission risk after flood damage in Wuhan City. METHODS Schistosomiasis epidemic villages in Wuhan City were selected by using probability proportional to size sampling (PPS). The field investigations of Oncomelania hupensis snails, the activity of people and cattle on marshland, water infectivity of schistosome, reservoir host infection and wild feces contamination were conducted. I-III levels of risk environments were assessed and treated with appropriate measures. RESULTS A total of 90 schistosomiasis epidemic villages and 170 environments were monitored. Totally 9 811 snails were dissected but no Schistosoma japonicum infected snails were found. There were significant decreases in the density of snails and the survival rate of living snails after the flood (χ2 = 102.517, t = 4.724, both P < 0.01). Totally 289 pieces of wild feces were captured, and no eggs of S. japonicum were detected. A total of 11 surveillance and forecast sites were detected on water systems, and 221 sentinel mice were placed. After breeding, 219 sentinel mice survived (99.10%), and no schistosome infection was detected. In addition, 1 720 mouse traps were placed in 3 survey sites, and 66 Apodemus agrarius were captured, and no schistosome-infected ones were found. All of the environments were assessed as Grade III. Meanwhile, 5 key schistosomiasis control areas were determined, and no emergency happened after the implementation of comprehensive control interventions. CONCLUSIONS The risk of schistosomiasis transmission remains low in Wuhan City after the flood, but the potential epidemic risk cannot be ignored.
The function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the kidney diseases

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T ceHs(Tr),a subset of T cells with independent function ale present in the normal immune system as an essential cellular component for maintaining autoimmune tolerance and immune homeostasis.They play an important role in immunopathogenesis, transplant tolerance,preventing autoimmune response and keeping immunologic balance.Researchs suggested that CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells ale of critical importance in many immunological diseases,but there ale few reports concerning the role of these cells in kidney diseases. Key words: CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells; Immunological regulation; Kidney diseases.
High-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling may quickly and accurately predict effective therapies in solid tumors

Despite decades of effort, the sensitivity of patient tumors to individual drugs is often not predictable on the basis of molecular markers alone. Therefore, unbiased, high-throughput approaches to match patient tumors to effective drugs, without requiring a priori molecular hypotheses, are critically needed. Here, we improved upon a method that we previously reported and developed called high-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling (HT-DBP). HT-DBP is a microscopy-based, single-cell resolution assay that enables chemical screens of hundreds to thousands of candidate drugs on freshly isolated tumor cells. The method identifies chemical inducers of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling, a mechanism of cell death. HT-DBP requires only 24 hours of ex vivo culture, which enables a more immediate study of fresh primary tumor cells and minimizes adaptive changes that occur with prolonged ex vivo culture. Effective compounds identified by HT-DBP induced tumor regression in genetically engineered and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of breast cancer. We additionally found that chemical vulnerabilities changed as cancer cells expanded ex vivo. Furthermore, using PDX models of colon cancer and resected tumors from colon cancer patients, our data demonstrated that HT-DBP could be used to generate personalized pharmacotypes. Thus, HT-DBP appears to be an ex vivo functional method with sufficient scale to simultaneously function as a companion diagnostic, therapeutic personalization, and discovery tool.
One Direction real person fiction on Wattpad.com: A textual analysis of sexual consent:

This study focuses on the dominant scripts for sexual consent represented in popular fictional stories of celebrities written by their female fans. A textual analysis was performed on a subset of t...
Bruxism and Stress Among Veterans With Gulf War Illness.

Introduction This study explores perceived stress and experience with bruxism among veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI). Stress may manifest physically as bruxism, a parafunctional oral activity that consists of teeth grinding and/or clenching. Materials and methods An online survey of GWI veterans (n = 28, 27.7% response rate) assessed perceived general stress and self-reported behaviors, symptoms, and outcomes associated with bruxism. Survey questions also collected basic demographic data and past military experience. The appropriate Institutional Review Board approved this study (IRB-300001376). Statistical analyses utilized both analysis of variance and linear regression techniques in addition to descriptive statistics. Results This sample of GWI veterans reported higher levels of perceived stress (M = 20.2, SD = 7.0) than general population males (M = 12.1, SD = 5.9). A majority of GWI veterans reported both grinding (77.8%) and clenching (85.2%) teeth on a weekly or daily basis. Grinding frequency did not predict perceived stress scale values (F = 2.38, P = .11). Clenching frequency did significantly predict perceived stress scale values (F = 4.07, P = .03). Those who reported daily clenching had significantly higher perceived stress scores (M = 22.17, SD = 5.87) than did those who reported never clenching (M = 12.00, SD = 5.35). Length of military service did not significantly predict perceived stress or bruxism experience. Conclusions GWI veterans reported higher levels of perceived stress in comparison with that of general population males. Both the high frequency of teeth grinding and clenching in these patients is a potential physical manifestation of the high perceived stress levels reported. It is imperative that both military and civilian dentists and physicians are aware of the potential for increased stress and consequently bruxism in this patient population as it can have negative impacts on oral and mental health. Treatment of these patients can include but is not limited to behavior modification, stress reduction training, and the fabrication of mouth guards. The dental and medical implications of bruxism and stress in veterans with GWI should be further investigated.
Under-ice respiration rates shift the annual carbon cycle in the mixed layer of an oligotrophic lake from autotrophy to heterotrophy

Ecosystem metabolism is an integrative measure of the production and respiration of carbon in aquatic ecosystems. However, under-ice regions and mixing periods are infrequently sampled because of l...
Heterogeneity in DSM-5 Symptom Criteria: Phenotypes of Alcohol Use Disorder in a Sample Seeking Alcohol Treatment.

Aims This study sought to identify phenotypic variations among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) that may, in part, help improve the effectiveness of existing AUD interventions. Methods Latent class analysis was conducted to examine the potential heterogeneity of AUD in a sample (N = 220; Mage = 51.19 years, standard deviation = 9.94; 37.7% female) of treatment-seeking participants diagnosed with AUD using DSM-5 criteria. Results and conclusions Three distinct patterns of responses to the 11 DSM-5 AUD symptoms emerged: Class 1 (n = 114, 51.8%), Class 2 (n = 78, 35.5%) and Class 3 (n = 28, 12.7%). The identified profiles were further differentiated by demographics, alcohol-related constructs, individual difference characteristics and diagnostic and treatment variables. The findings have implications for refining AUD assessment as well as optimizing personalized treatment.