cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chromodynamics of high-energy impact

Abstract Through the use of color, we offer a modest extension to the analysis of molecular dynamics simulation data for visualizing the nonequilibrium dynamics of high-energy destructive impact. The emphasis is on the utility of the color dynamics in revealing a sensible richness of very complex behavior which would be difficult to discover using popular analysis methods.
The Rise of Nationalism in the Habsburg Empire

In 1848–49 Austria could have introduced reforms which conceivably might have insured her continued existence for many generations and possibly might have finally made a true state out of the Habsburg domains. … [In] the course of the two [subsequent] generations until 1918 there never appeared an equally promising opportunity for the empire to carry out reform without risking its disintegration. This is not to say that Austria should not have taken this risk, which was smaller at the time of the compromise in 1867 than it was in 1905 and smaller in 1905 at the height of the Hungarian crisis than it was in 1917, when Engels' ominous prediction finally came true that with the victory of the Russian Revolution Austria would disintegrate.
Application of the Lambert W Function to the SIR Epidemic Model

SummaryThe Lambert W function (an inverse of wew) makes a surprise appearance in the analysis from a dynamical systems point-of-view of the SIR epidemiological model.
Air quality implications of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a wide range of gas and aerosol species were measured from an aircraft around, downwind, and away from the DWH site. Additional hydrocarbon measurements were made from ships in the vicinity. Aerosol particles of respirable sizes were on occasions a significant air quality issue for populated areas along the Gulf Coast. Yields of organic aerosol particles and emission factors for other atmospheric pollutants were derived for the sources from the spill, recovery, and cleanup efforts. Evaporation and subsequent secondary chemistry produced organic particulate matter with a mass yield of 8 ± 4% of the oil mixture reaching the water surface. Approximately 4% by mass of oil burned on the surface was emitted as soot particles. These yields can be used to estimate the effects on air quality for similar events as well as for this spill at other times without these data. Whereas emission of soot from burning surface oil was large during the episodic burns, the mass flux of secondary organic aerosol to the atmosphere was substantially larger overall. We use a regional air quality model to show that some observed enhancements in organic aerosol concentration along the Gulf Coast were likely due to the DWH spill. In the presence of evaporating hydrocarbons from the oil, NOx emissions from the recovery and cleanup operations produced ozone.
Water uptake by safflower and wheat roots infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine if infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alters water uptake by roots under well watered to severely droughted conditions. Safflower and wheat plants were grown with and without the mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus etunicatum or G. intraradices in nutrient-amended soil under environmentally controlled conditions to yield mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants with similar leaf areas, root length densities, d. wt, and adequate tissue phosphorus and nitrogen. Specific water uptake rates (cm3 of water cm−1 root length d−1) were estimated non-destructively at various depths in the soil from changes in the soil water content measured using a gamma attenuation method. When soil water was severely depleted, changes in soil water potentials were also measured with soil psychrometers. Roots from both plant species extracted water at the fastest rate from the upper soil layers when the soil water content was high, and later, extracted water primarily from deeper depths as water in the upper soil layers was depleted. Mycorrhizal infection did not affect the rates at which roots extracted water from soil whether soil moisture conditions were at their wettest condition, at container capacity, or at the driest extreme when soil water potentials ranged from −1.5 to −2.0 MPa and the plants were completely wilted. Plant water relations were also largely unaffected by infection. Mycorrhizal infection did not alter the ability of plants to extract water from soil even during extreme drought.
Ergogenic Aids and the Limits of Human Performance in Sport: Ethical Issues, Aesthetic Considerations

(2002). Ergogenic Aids and the Limits of Human Performance in Sport: Ethical Issues, Aesthetic Considerations. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 75-86.
Dominant Negative Effects of a Carboxy-Truncated Jak2 Mutant on Epo-Induced Proliferation and Jak2 Activation

Members of the Janus family of protein tyrosine kinases are emerging as primary, receptor-associated transducing factors among numerous cytokine systems. However, little is understood regarding mechanisms of recruitment of these kinases to receptor complexes and their ligand-dependent activation. To initially address these questions, we have assessed effects of ectopically expressing a carboxy-truncated form of Jak2 (Jak2-829) in Epo-responsive DAER cells. Expression of this truncation mutant at low levels efficiently inhibited both Epo-dependent activation of endogenous Jak2 and Epo-induced mitogenesis (10% to 39% of parental DAER cells). These results suggest that amino-terminal domains of Jak2 may mediate the assembly of Jak2/Epo receptor complexes and that integration of Jak2-829 into receptor complexes may effectively inhibit the activity of oligomeric Jak2/receptor assemblages.
Regulated production and intracrine action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the chick myelomonocytic cell line HD-11

To better understand the extrarenal production of active vitamin D metabolites by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, we investigated the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)-1-hydroxylation reaction in the v-myc-transformed chick myelomonocytic cell line HD-11; the 1-hydroxylation reaction in this cell line has a high affinity for 25-hydroxylated vitamin D substrates, is localized to mitochondria, and is associated with cytochrome P450 activity. In this study we demonstrated that the HD-11 cell 1-hydroxylation reaction in vitro is not affected by the majority of extracellular regulatory factors that modulate expression of the renal 25OHD-1-hydroxylase in vivo. A 50% increase in extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations, physiological inhibitory events for renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] synthesis, did not decrease basal expression of the HD-11 cell 1-hydroxylation reaction, nor did a 50% decrease in extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations, stimulatory signals for the 1-hydroxylase in vivo, increase 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis in vitro. Receptor-saturating concentrations of PTH and PTH-related peptide were similarly without effect. In contrast, the HD-11 1-hydroxylation reaction was significantly stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion by the macrophage stimulatory agents lipopolysaccharide [P lipopolysaccharide > insulin-like growth factor-I. Dexamethasone (> or = 10 nM) and the cytochrome P450 inhibitors (EC100, 20 microM), ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and menadione, all significantly inhibited the HD-11 cell 1-hydroxylation reaction. The naphthoquinone menadione, which blocks electron transfer to the P450-associated enzyme, was the most effective inhibitor of the reaction in both intact cells (3 +/- 1% of basal expression; P < or = 0.002) and after reconstitution of HD-11 cell mitochondrial extracts with a ferredoxin, reductase, O2, and NADPH (5 +/- 1% of basal; P < or = 0.02). We have also shown that 1,25-(OH)2D3 produced from substrate 25OHD3 appears to exert an endogenous (intracrine) inhibitory effect on HD-11 cell growth; incubation of HD-11 cells with a concentration of ketoconazole (10 microM) known to reduce 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by roughly 50% restored 50% of the growth deficit induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3 (EC100, 100 nM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Determination of Sodium and Potassium in Blood of Oceanic Fish by Emission Flame Spectrometry Using an Exponential Extrapolation with Multiple Standard Additions

A method is described for using multiple standard additions to determine sodium and potassium in samples of digested but unpurified blood of oceanic tuna fish whose flame emission responses are nonlinear. An exponential curve is fit in a rational manner to signals of the unknown and two or more spiked unknowns. Evidences are given suggesting that higher precision can be obtained in determination of these and similar elements in biological materials in a direct and simple manner.
Polypeptides for Bio-Tethering and Self-Assembly of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

The goal of this research is to isolate multifunctional polypeptide sequences for bio-tethering electrode material and carbon nanotubes in order to decrease internal resistance in lithium ion batteries thereby improving their performance. Phage display is the key technique performed in our research. This involves the use of an M13 bacteriophage library which has been genetically engineered to express a randomized polypeptide sequence of 12 amino acids on the pIII minor coat protein. To perform phage display a library of bacteriophage expressing these randomized polypeptide sequences were mixed with electroactive materials lithium manganese oxide(LMO) and lithium titanate oxide(LTO). Samples were then shaken and elution of bound phage was performed by adding increasing concentrations of surfactant in order to isolate phage that stick tightly to the electroactive materials. The supernatants from each of the successive wash rounds were saved and titered. The strongest elutions represent bacteriophage expressing a peptide sequence with high binding affinity for the tested materials. Isolated colonies produced from single bacteriophage were then sequenced. Results have currently been obtained for LTO and LMO binding peptides. As research progresses we will refine and isolate other peptides that bind specifically to electroactive materials as well as conductive carbon nanotubes, current collectors, and separator materials. Binding studies will be performed to characterize the amino acid sequence as well as to improve peptide-material interactions, such that electrode binders may be replaced by these peptides. These peptides will then be used to generate an aqueous, self-assembling, lithium ion battery electrode.This work was funded by the UMBC Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
Suppression of mitogen- and tumor-cell-induced lymphocyte stimulation by tumor-associated fetal antigens

Abstract The ability of tumor-associated fetal antigens (TAFA) to suppress mitogen and tumor-cell-induced blastogenesis was investigated. Three different TAFA (I, III, and IV) were tested in PHA and Con A lymphocyte proliferation assays. Spleen cells from New Zealand black rats (NBR) were fractionated over nylon wool; and nonadherent (NA) and adherent (AD) cells were compared with unfractionated (UF) cell responses. Preincubation of NA cells with TAFA-I was followed by addition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) elicited suppression in a 3-to 4-day assay. UF cells were unresponsive to TAFA and/or PHA at all concentrations tested. TAFA dose—response titration curves in Con A proliferation assays revealed that all TAFA tested (TAFA I, -III, and -IV from fibrosarcomas; TAFA-I and -III from osteosarcomas) were suppressive. For some TAFA, nanogram quantities produced significant suppression. In mixed leukocyte tumor cell assays (MLTC) both UF and NA normal rat spleen cells were tested for proliferative responses to syngeneic tumor cells. Four distinct TAFA, purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, suppressed lymphocyte proliferation when added to MLTC cultures in 5-day assays. Specificity experiments demonstrated that trinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin did not produce similar immunosuppression. TAFA did not block recognition of tumor antigen nor produce nonspecific cytotoxicity of the spleen cells. Significant suppression of DNA synthesis was produced by TAFA-1 following cocultivation with spleen and tumor cells for 1, 2, and 3 days, compared to no suppression when spleen and tumor cells were washed free of TAFA-I prior to tumor cell addition at Day 0. Similar experiments using rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) as stimulators demonstrated that pre-REF cocultivation treatment of lymphocytes with TAFA-I significantly reduced subsequent blastogenic responses. This effect was not reversible; however, if TAFA-I was added to responders previously stimulated by REF, a suppressive response was not seen. Experiments were also carried out to determine the reversibility of TAFA-I effects. Cells were treated with TAFA-I from 1 to 5 days, followed by determination of lymphocyte blastogenesis. TAFA-I effects are reversible and antigen presence is required to completely suppress (or inhibit) stimulation by tumor cells.
Simulation and experimental validation of a modified terramechanics model for small-wheeled vehicles

The ability to model and predict vehicle performance over deformable terrains, which is typically done using terramechanics, is important for planetary exploration, military operations, and off-road vehicle design. This paper details the development of a new vehicle-terrain model that specifically addresses some of the limitations of traditional terramechanics when applied to Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) with small wheel diameters. Assumptions and limitations of the classical Bekker terramechanics model for wheeled locomotion are discussed. A novel pressure-sinkage model that was recently developed by the authors is detailed and shown to improve sinkage and compaction resistance models significantly. These models are implemented in a numerical simulation, which is used to predict the tractive performance of an experimental UGV. Field tests carried out on sandy terrain are described, and the results are used to validate the simulated predictions.
Improving the performance of graph analysis through partitioning with sampling

Numerous applications focus on the analysis of entities and the connections between them, and such data are naturally represented as graphs. In particular, the detection of a small subset of vertices with anomalous coordinated connectivity is of broad interest, for problems such as detecting strange traffic in a computer network or unknown communities in a social network. Eigenspace analysis of large-scale graphs is useful for dimensionality reduction of these large, noisy data sets into a more tractable analysis problem. When performing this sort of analysis across many parallel processes, the data partitioning scheme may have a significant impact on the overall running time. Previous work demonstrated that partitioning based on a sampled subset of edges still yields a substantial improvement in running time. In this work, we study this further, exploring how different sampling strategies, graph community structure, and the vertex degree distribution affect the partitioning quality. We show that sampling is an effective technique when partitioning for data analytics problems with community-like structure.
Correlation of structure/micromagnetic character of rf sputtered Co/Cr, CoCr/Cr and CoCrTa/Cr thin films

Abstract The correlation of the structure/property/micromagnetic character of sputtered Co/Cr, CoCr/Cr and CoCrTa/Cr thin films has been investigated. The initial susceptibility and coercivity of the films were found to vary in a reciprocal manner. Fresnel mode Lorentz TEM revealed a simultaneous decrease in initial susceptibility and increase in the coercivity correlated with increased complexity and refinement of the micromagnetic images. Such behavior may be attributed to induced fluctuations in local energy within the samples. The local energy fluctuations have a significant effect on the magnetic properties and micromagnetic character of the films such that they are correlated in a manner that associates lower initial susceptibility and higher coercivity with more complex and more refined micromagnetic structures.
End functionalization of hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane): Novel crosslinking agents and hyperbranched–linear star block copolymers

Functionalized hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)s have been prepared by hydrosilylation reactions involving the multiple silicon hydride (SiH) groups of the polymer to introduce other reactive groups such as epoxy, amine, and hydroxyl groups. The possible use of these modified polymers as novel crosslinking agents is discussed. The same hydrosilylation reaction is used to attach preformed linear poly(isobutylene) (PIB) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) onto the hyperbranched polymer to afford unusual hyperbranched–linear star block copolymers. The PIB-derived copolymer is shown to be very hydrophobic, whereas its PEO-derived counterpart is amphiphilic. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2970–2978, 2000
Adsorption of Proteins to Hydrophobic Sites on Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers†

This paper describes a technique that uses mixed self-assembled monolayers of two alkanethiolates (-S(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)6OR, R = a hydrophobic group, and -S(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOH, n = 3, 6, EGnOH), in combination with surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, to study the influence of the size and shape of R, and its density at the surface, on the hydrophobic adsorption of proteins at solid−liquid interfaces. Detailed results were obtained for β-galactosidase, carbonic anhydrase, lysozyme, and RNase A using R = C(C6H5)3, CH(C6H5)2, and CH2(C6H5). A hard-sphere model is used to rationalize the adsorption; this model, although very approximate, helps to interpret qualitative trends in the data. Using this model, the extent to which adsorbed proteins undergo conformational rearrangements appears to depend on the density of the hydrophobic groups at the surface and on the concentration of protein in solution. This paper describes the first step toward the development of a system that will allow the study of hydrophob...
Nox4 NADPH oxidase contributes to smooth muscle cell phenotypes associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques

Plaque instability associated with acute coronary syndromes results in part from apoptosis and senescence of cells within the atherosclerotic (AS) lesion. Increased cellular oxidative stress has been proposed to contribute to plaque progression and changes in composition, leading to plaque instability. Our objective was to examine the role of NADPH oxidase in smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes associated with an unstable plaque. Aortae were isolated from pre-lesion (8 weeks of age) and post-lesion (35 weeks of age) hypercholesterolemic mice (ApoE(-/-)/LDLR(-/-), AS), and age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice. We observed an age-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aorta from AS mice, with evidence for elevated ROS prior to lesion development. Whereas macrophage infiltration was restricted to the lesion, oxidized lipids extended beyond the plaque and into the vessel wall. Consistent with these findings, we observed dynamic changes in the expression of NADPH oxidases in AS vessels. Specifically, Nox1 expression was increased early and decreased with lesion progression, while induction of Nox4 was a late event. Nox2 and p22(phox) were elevated throughout lesion development. Similar to observations in aortae, SMCs isolated from the lesion of AS aortae had decreased Nox1 and increased Nox4 levels as compared to SMCs from normal mice. AS SMCs demonstrated increased generation of ROS, cell cycle arrest, evidence of senescence, and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Overexpression of Nox4 in normal SMCs recapitulated the phenotypes of the AS SMCs. We conclude that increased expression of Nox4 in AS may drive SMC phenotypes that lead to the plaque instability and rupture responsible for myocardial infarction and stroke.
Spontaneous Mutagenesis Is Enhanced in Apex Heterozygous Mice

Germ line DNA directs the development of the next generation and, as such, is profoundly different from somatic cell DNA. Spermatogenic cells obtained from young adult lacI transgenic mice display a lower spontaneous mutant frequency and greater in vitro base excision repair activity than somatic cells and tissues obtained from the same mice. However, spermatogenic cells from old lacI mice display a 10-fold higher mutant frequency. This increased spontaneous mutant frequency occurs coincidentally with decreased in vitro base excision repair activity for germ cell and testicular extracts that in turn corresponds to a decreased abundance of AP endonuclease. To directly test whether a genetic diminution of AP endonuclease results in increased spontaneous mutant frequencies in spermatogenic cell types, AP endonuclease heterozygous (Apex+/−) knockout mice were crossed with lacI transgenic mice. Spontaneous mutant frequencies were significantly elevated (approximately twofold) for liver and spleen obtained from 3-month-old Apex+/− lacI+ mice compared to frequencies from Apex+/+ lacI+ littermates and were additionally elevated for somatic tissues from 9-month-old mice. Spermatogenic cells from 9-month-old Apex+/− lacI+ mice were significantly elevated twofold compared to levels for 9-month-old Apex+/+ lacI+ control mice. These data indicate that diminution of AP endonuclease has a significant effect on spontaneous mutagenesis in somatic and germ line cells.
Positive bound states having prescribed symmetry for a class of nonlinear elliptic equations in RN

We consider positive solutions of −div(|x|−2a∇u)=|x|−bpup−1,u⩾0inRN, where for N⩾2: a<(N−2)/2,a<b<a+1, and p=2N/(N−2(1+a−b)). Ground state solutions are the extremal functions of the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities [6]. In [10] the authors have observed symmetry breaking phenomena for ground state solutions in a subregion of the parameters. In this paper, we continue our study on the structure of bound state solutions and construct bound state solutions having prescribed symmetry.
Modeling differential growth in switchgrass cultivars across the central and southern Great Plains.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been recognized as a potential biofuel crop, because it is adapted to a wide range of environmental and climatic conditions. Zones of adaptation for many switchgrass cultivars are well documented and attributed to local adaptation to the temperature and photoperiod at the location of origin. The objective of this study is to develop cultivar-specific growth parameters for the Agricultural Land Management and Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model based on location of origin and use these parameters to predict the biomass production of two lowland cultivars (Alamo and Kanlow) and two upland cultivars (Blackwell and Cave-in-Rock) in the central and southern Great Plains (TX, AR, LA, OK, KS, and MO). The plant parameters adjusted for each cultivar’s origin include average growing season temperature (22–27 °C), photoperiod at growth onset (11.46–13.12 h), maximum number of heat units (1,500–2,300), maximum leaf area index (6–12), and light extinction coefficient (0.33–0.50). The absolute difference between the average simulated and measured yields across all seven field locations for each cultivar is less than 0.5 Mg ha−1. Performance of the cultivar-specific parameters varies by location, but the parameters do a reasonable job of estimating the average yield (less than 15 % difference) of each cultivar for a majority of field locations. In addition, regional simulations of the four cultivars each show realistic spatial variation in yield across the central and southern Great Plains. The parameters derived in this project for the ALMANAC model provide a tool for optimizing choice of switchgrass cultivar on different soils, in different climates, and with different management across large geographic regions.
Long river profiles, tectonism, and eustasy: A guide to interpreting fluvial terraces

Along three rivers at the Mendocino triple junction, northern California, strath, cut, and fill terraces have formed in response to tectonic and eustatic processes. Detailed surveying and radiometric dating at multiple sites indicate that lower reaches of the rivers are dominated by the effects of oscillating sea level, primarily aggradation and formation of fill terraces during sea level high stands, alternating with deep incision during low stands. A eustasy-driven depositional wedge extends tens of kilometers upstream on all rivers (tapering to zero thickness). This distance is greater than expected from studies of the effects of check dams on much smaller streams elsewhere, due in part to the large size of these rivers. However, the change in gradient is nearly identical to other base level rise studies: the depositional gradient is about half that of the original channel. Middle to upper reaches of each river are dominated by the effects of long-term uplift, primarily lateral and vertical erosion and formation of steep, unpaired strath terraces exposed only upstream of the depositional wedge. Vertical incision at a rate similar to that of uplift has occurred even during the present sea level high stand along rivers with highest uplift rates. Strath terraces have steeper gradients than the modern channel bed and do not merge with marine terraces at the river mouth; consequently, they cannot be used to determine altitudes of sea level high stands. Strath formation is a continuous process of response to long-term uplift, and its occurrence varies spatially along a river depending on stream power, and hence position, upstream. Strath terraces are found only along certain parts of a coastal stream: upstream of the aggradational effects of oscillating sea level, and far enough downstream that stream power is in excess of that needed to transport the prevailing sediment load. For a given size river, the greater the uplift rate, the greater the rate of vertical incision and, consequently, the less the likelihood of strath terrace formation and preservation.
Laser-diode holographic recording

We report the recording of optical holograms in both holographic plate films and thermoplastic film using a commercial single-mode laser diode having a wavelength of 787.3 nm. Holographic film characteristics and laser-diode coherence length studies as well as experimental results with simple plane-wave holograms are discussed.
Characterization of the AdhSL Regulatory Mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

We describe the characterization of a previously reported control mutation, Adh(SL), in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster, which results in decreased production of ADH molecules and subsequently lower ADH activity in adults. We find that the regulatory element modifies ADH mRNA levels and acts cis on both ADH protein and mRNA. It is not promoter specific but is developmentally specific to the adult stage. The Adh(SL) allele carries a 4.5-kb insert approximately 3 kb 5' to the distal promoter. This new insertion may be responsible for the regulatory phenotype of Adh(SL).
Modulation of Effector Caspase Cleavage Determines Response of Breast and Lung Tumor Cell Lines to Chemotherapy

In spite of compelling evidence-implicating caspases in drug-induced apoptosis, how tumors modulate caspase expression and activity to overcome the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents is not fully understood. To address this issue, we investigated the role of caspases-3 and caspase-7 in determining the response of breast and lung tumor cell lines to chemotherapy. We found that an early and late apoptotic response correlated with weak and strong cellular caspase-activation, respectively. The results highlight an underappreciated relationship of temporal apoptotic response with caspase-activation and drug resistance. Moreover, the extent of tumor growth restoration after drug withdrawal was dependent on the degree of endogenous blockage of caspase-3 and caspase-7 cleavages. This points to an unrecognized role of caspase modulation in tumor recurrence and suggests that targeting caspase cleavage is a rational approach to increasing potency of cancer drugs.
Acquisition, representation, query and analysis of spatial data: a demonstration 3D digital library

The increasing power of techniques to model complex geometry and extract meaning from 3D information create complex data that must be described, stored, and displayed to be useful to researchers. Responding to the limitations of two-dimensional (2D) data representations perceived by discipline scientists, the Partnership for Research in Spatial Modeling (PRISM) project at Arizona State University (ASU) developed modeling and analytic tools that raise the level of abstraction and add semantic value to 3D data. The goals are to improve scientific communication, and to assist in generating new knowledge, particularly for natural objects whose asymmetry limit study using 2D representations. The tools simplify analysis of surface and volume using curvature and topology to help researchers understand and interact with 3D data. The tools produced automatically extract information about features and regions of interest to researchers, calculate quantifiable, replicable metric data, and generate metadata about the object being studied. To help researchers interact with the information, the project developed prototype interactive, sketch-based interfaces that permit researchers to remotely search, identify and interact with the detailed, highly accurate 3D models of the objects. The results support comparative analysis of contextual and spatial information, and extend research about asymmetric man-made and natural objects.
Does Tenure Matter? Factors Influencing Faculty Contributions to Institutional Repositories

INTRODUCTION Institutional repositories (IRs) provide colleges and universities a way to ensure stability of access to and dissemination of digital scholarly communications. Yet, many institutions report that faculty willingness to contribute to IRs is often limited. This study investigates faculty attitudes about IR contributions by tenure status and category of material. METHODS Two focus group interviews were conducted in the spring of 2009 among English department faculty at a large Midwestern university. One group consisted of tenured faculty and the other of tenure-track and adjunct faculty. RESULTS Both groups recognize the benefit of open access to research materials but expressed concern about their intellectual property rights. Untenured faculty spoke more about nonprint research. Both groups also shared concerns about contributing instructional materials, primarily in regard to plagiarism and outdated materials. In regard to faculty service, the tenured group discussed many items they would contribute, while the untenured faculty mentioned very little. DISCUSSION Some minor differences emerged related to experience and tenure status in regard to contributing research and instructional artifacts, but the major variation was the strong support tenured participants gave for contributing service items, compared to the untenured faculty, who did not view this category positively. Tenured faculty viewed the IR as a way to document their own service activities, investigate those of colleagues, and had fewer concerns about plagiarism or other negative effects in the service category. CONCLUSION Promoting faculty contribution of service-related items to an IR may be a way to encourage larger numbers to participate.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS COCAINE IN MAN

Although the pharmacology of cocaine has been studied in infra-human organisms, there have been few studies of its physiological effects in humans, and no systematic studies of its behavioral effects in man. This is true despite the fact that over the past few years there has been an increase in the incidence of abuse of cocaine in this country. Most of the information we now have about the effects of cocaine in man is anecdotal in nature and not based upon scientific investigations.
Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in ballet students: Examination of environmental and individual risk factors

Objective The current study compared the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescent ballet dancers at national, regional, and local schools. Method Female ballet students (N = 239; mean age = 15.0 ± 1.5 years) from five geographically disparate summer programs completed the Eating Dis-order Inventory (EDI) and answered questions regarding eating disorder symptoms. Results Students from both national and local schools reported significantly higher EDI total, Drive for Thinness, and Perfectionism scores compared with regional students. In contrast, national students reported significantly greater dieting scores and lifetime histories of self-induced vomiting compared with regional and local students. Conclusion Eating pathology among adolescent ballet dancers may be a function of both genetic and environmental risk. Dancers who exhibit high levels of perfectionism and, perhaps consequently, place themselves in highly competitive environments, may exhibit a significantly increased risk for disordered eating in comparison to dancers who are less perfectionistic and/or place themselves in less competitive environments. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental regulation of the hepatic acute phase response

For evaluation of the ontogenetic regulation of the acute phase response, inflammation was induced in Fischer rat litters at different postnatal ages. Four homologous rat hepatic serine protease inhibitor (Spi 2.1, Spi 2.2, Spi 2.3, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) mRNAs were measured in livers 24 h after injection. Animals mounted both positive and negative acute phase responses at all ages, but responses were blunted in young animals, reaching adult levels by days 7-19. alpha 1-Antitrypsin mRNA had no response, and Spi 2.2 mRNA had 50% the rise seen in adults on days 3 and 7. Spi 2.1 and 2.3 mRNAs, negative acute phase reactants, showed attenuation of adult response to inflammation in infant animals of 33% (Spi 2.1) and 40% (Spi 2.3). In hypophysectomized animals, the responses of Spi 2.2, 2.3, and alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNAs after turpentine stimulation were similar to that of normal animals, whereas Spi 2.1 mRNA did not change. In conclusion, infant animals mount a blunted response to tissue injury; multiple factors may be involved in the development of the full adult response. Immaturity of the pituitary may play a role in the suppression of Spi 2.1 mRNA's response during inflammation in infant animals. These highly evolutionary related genes will be helpful in identifying specific factors regulating gene expression in inflammation and development.
Attachment and maternal sensitivity in middle childhood

According to theory, maternal sensitivity should be associated with attachment security in middle childhood. We measure two aspects of maternal sensitivity—affective understanding, a component of parental mentalization, and affective synchrony, a component of parental empathy. We tested our hypotheses within a diverse sample of school-aged children (48.6% female, Mage = 10.27, SDage = 1.09) and their mothers (N = 112 dyads) at baseline and after a standardized laboratory-based stressor in which children worked on unsolvable puzzles while their mothers watched. Results revealed no significant associations at baseline, but lower maternal attachment avoidance and greater child attachment security were associated with greater affective understanding and greater affective synchrony after the stressor task.
Cell Invasion through Stiff Constrictions causes Mutations While Damaging the Nucleus

Solid tumors in stiff tissues such as human lung and liver have been reported to exhibit average mutation rates that are ∼100-fold higher than the 0.1 per Mb rates in cancers in soft tissues such as bone marrow and brain. Here, migration of human cancer derived cells through stiff, constricting micro-pores greatly increases both the number and variation of single nucleotide variations (SNV) among clones that otherwise exhibit normal proliferation and migration. Clonal growth in standard 2D cultures gives consistently low rates of detectable SNV's, and dysmorphic nuclei are also rare, which suggests such cultures are effectively ‘soft’ in minimizing nuclear stress. In contrast, constricted migration through small micro-pores but not through large pores (in the absence of any gradients) causes nuclear blebs with segregated lamins in almost all cells plus many cells with extra-nuclear tethers of DNA and an increase in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). While lamin-A knockdown increases DSBs, nuclear blebs are enriched in lamin-A but deficient in DNA, lamin-B, and a progeria mutant of lamin-A that was studied because aging increases stiffening-associated fibrosis. Migration-enhanced DSBs and nuclear blebs return eventually in 2D cultures to basal levels, but constriction of nuclei cause local deficits in DNA repair factors plus other mobile proteins relative to DNA, which is consistent with squeeze-out by steric exclusion and with occasional nuclear envelope rupture. A specific DSB site on chromosome-1 is also seen to re-orient and extend into constrictions, modulating the bound density of DSB repair factors. Mutations might thus be caused by stress-inhibited repair of DNA damage in nuclear migration through stiff microenvironments in cancer and aging.
Differential constraints

Differential constraints are a class of finite difference equations specified over functions from the powerset of a finite set into the reals. We characterize the implication problem for such constraints in terms of lattice decompositions, and give a sound and complete set of inference rules. We relate differential constraints to a subclass of propositional logic formulas, allowing us to show that the implication problem is coNP-complete. Furthermore, we apply the theory of differential constraints to the problem of concise representations in the frequent itemset problem by linking differential constraints to disjunctive rules. We also establish a connection to relational databases by associating differential constraints to positive boolean dependencies.
The impact of attitudinal factors on intention to report workplace Internet abuse

ABSTRACTWhy do employees actually report workplace Internet abuse? The prevailing theory is that employees make deliberate, calculated decisions only after weighing the pros and cons of reporting. This research proposes a behavioral model in which attitudinal factors are largely responsible for shaping employee intentions to report workplace Internet abuse. Theories of idealism, perceived organizational risk, social influence, and managerial position are synthesized to better understand workers’ motivations. A survey 315 American workers tested the proposed hypotheses and research model using structural equation modeling. Results confirm the validity of the proposed model. Each of the attitudinal factors had a significant impact on employee willingness to report Internet violations. This study underscores the importance of attitudinal factors in a space that primarily portrays employees as rational, unemotional actors.
Concurrent blinatumomab and donor lymphocyte infusions for treatment of relapsed pre-B-cell ALL after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant

Concurrent blinatumomab and donor lymphocyte infusions for treatment of relapsed pre-B-cell ALL after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Head Trauma from Falling Increases Subsequent Emergency Department Visits More Than Other Fall-Related Injuries in Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether fall-related injuries affect return to the ED after the initial visit. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Academic Level 1 trauma center ED. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older evaluated for a fall from standing height or less and discharged (N = 263, average age 77, 70% female). MEASUREMENTS: After institutional review board approval, electronic medical record data were queried. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with risk of returning to the ED within 90 days. RESULTS: Injuries included fractures (45%, n = 117); head trauma (22%, n = 58); abrasions, lacerations, or contusions (34%, n = 88); and none (22%, n = 57). Emergency care was frequently required, with 13 (5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3-7.6%) returning within 72 hours, 35 (13%, 95% CI = 9.2-17%] within 30 days, and 57 (22%, 95% CI = 17-27%) within 90 days. Univariately, the odds of returning to the ED within 90 days was more than two times as high for those with head trauma as for those without (odds ratio = 2.66). This remained significant in the multivariable model, which controlled for Charlson Comorbidity Index, fractures, soft tissue injuries, and ED observation unit use. CONCLUSION: More than one-third of older adults with minor head trauma from a fall will need to return to the ED in the following 90 days. These individuals should receive close attention from primary care providers. The link between minor head trauma and ED recidivism is a new finding.© 2016, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2016, The American Geriatrics Society. Language: en
Condyloma Acuminatum in A 2½-Year-Old Girl

Abstract Condyloma acuminatum is a viral growth, usually transmitted venereally, and is rare in the pediatric age group. We report on a 2 ½ -year-old girl with condyloma acuminatum.
Dynamic Wheel-Rail Forces on Mismatched Joints With Ramps

The discontinuity between rail ends at a joint creates dynamic wheel-rail forces (i.e. high impact forces and wheel unloading) that can result in a range of problems including wear, deterioration, and early failure of the track structure, its components, and passing equipment. The response and magnitude of the dynamic wheel-rail forces generated at joints depend upon the form of the discontinuity (e.g. battered rail ends, ramps, gaps, mismatches, etc.) and the support condition. Joints with battered rail ends, which result from degradation due to repeated impact loading, have been extensively analyzed using closed form expressions developed by Jenkins [1] to estimate P1 and P2 impact forces. While appropriate for analyzing joints with battered rail ends, P1 and P2 forces are not directly applicable to other forms of discontinuity at joints such as mismatches in which the rail ends are offset vertically when installed.Under certain circumstances, railroads are introducing ramps (by grinding or welding) to reduce the mismatch discontinuity and produce a smoother transition in order to mitigate these dynamic wheel-rail forces. In this paper, analyses are conducted to estimate dynamic wheel-rail forces at joints having ramps and mismatches of various sizes using simplified models along with detailed NUCARS models for comparative purposes. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Track Safety Standards (49 CFR Part213) [2] limit the maximum mismatch at joints by Track Class in order to minimize the impact forces which deteriorate the track structure, its components, and equipment, and may ultimately lead to derailment. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of ramp length, direction of travel, mismatch height, and equipment speed (track class). Plots of primary shock-response-spectrum (maximum impact force on the ramp), residual shock-response-spectrum (maximum impact force after the ramp), and minimum wheel force (i.e. wheel unloading) are developed to provide guidelines on ramp length (H-rule) in order to control the maximum force by track class.© 2016 ASME
Establishing the dimensions, sources and value of job seekers' employer knowledge during recruitment

This paper applies marketing concepts to the recruitment research literature in order to develop the concept of employer knowledge, or the beliefs that a job seeker holds about a potential employer. Job seekers' employer knowledge creates value for an organization because it determines how they pursue and process information about the organization, whether they accept jobs with the organization, what they expect from the organization as new employees, and whether they purchase products and services from the firm in the future. Drawing on the marketing literature, this paper: (1) differentiates the dimensions of employer knowledge, (2) describes the sources of employer knowledge and how these information sources are processed by job seekers, and (3) describes how and why job seekers' employer knowledge represents a valuable asset to organizations. The discussion illustrates the implications of the model for recruitment researchers and managers, and suggests new perspectives and research directions that emerge from integrating of marketing and recruiting literatures.
Beyond the 10 th IDA

Based on the events of the IDA-10, this hook identifies a number of key dynamics governing TCS’s influence on World Bank policy, individual TCSOs appear to work to advance their ideological goals without consulting many of the stakeholders impacted by their actions, particularly borrowing country populations. Financial interests play a key role in determining which organizations participate in a particular campaign or policymaking dialogue, giving flinders disproportionate influence over the make-up of the campaign or the chorus of voices participating in the dialogue. Moreover, TCSOs often make use of the influence of powerful states in advancing their international agendas. Such assistance, in turn, is prompted by domestic political pressure or national concerns. The result of these dynamics is that TCSOs with good connections in powerful states tend to have disproportionate influence. Such elite organizations have little incentive to conduct meaningful policy dialogue with other civil society actors, particularly when conflicting financial incentives between organizations make compromise unlikely. Partnerships between elite organiza Lions in the global North and partners based in the South also seem to have limited impact on the behavior of the more powerful actors or on the representivity of a larger group or coalition.
Multiple Criteria: Canonical Correlation

This chapter provides an overview of canonical correlation. When one has two or more criterion variables to be used with a given set of predictors, certain new problems arise. It is possible merely to use the criteria one at a time and proceed in the regular manner. If the criteria are interrelated, that is, are not statistically independent, this course leads to much redundant effort. A method for dealing with such cases is called canonical correlation. The general situation to which canonical correlation applies is when one set of variables A is to be related to another set of variables B and the scores for both sets of variables are available for a common group of individuals. The canonical method relates the two sets of scores by finding the pair of vectors that correlate higher than any other pair of vectors. Then, a second pair of vectors are obtained that yield the highest correlation and are orthogonal to the first pair of vectors. This process is continued until there are as many pairs of vectors as there are variables in the smaller set. The process is started by finding the β weights for predicting the variables in one set from the variables in the other set.