cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of skill during unemployment and TFP differences across countries

Abstract In an economy with search and matching frictions in which workers lose human capital during unemployment, TFP becomes endogenous and depends on workers’ unemployment history. Using available estimates of labor market flows for a sample of OECD countries, this paper quantifies the amount of TFP differences due to skill losses during unemployment among developed countries. Continental European countries, with their low job finding rates, exhibit the lowest TFPs. Nordic countries display the highest levels of TFP due to their high job finding rate relative to the separation rate. TFP in Anglo-Saxon countries stands in-between the two groups. The paper further studies the effect of hiring subsidies on TFP and the labor market. Because TFP changes depend on the vacancy posting decision of firms, countries with the lowest TFP do not necessarily experience the largest productivity improvements from the policy implementation.
How deep neural networks can improve emotion recognition on video data

We consider the task of dimensional emotion recognition on video data using deep learning. While several previous methods have shown the benefits of training temporal neural network models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on hand-crafted features, few works have considered combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with RNNs. In this work, we present a system that performs emotion recognition on video data using both CNNs and RNNs, and we also analyze how much each neural network component contributes to the system's overall performance. We present our findings on videos from the Audio/Visual+Emotion Challenge (AV+EC2015). In our experiments, we analyze the effects of several hyperparameters on overall performance while also achieving superior performance to the baseline and other competing methods.
FEMORAL STEM CEMENT FIXATION: LEST WE FORGET

Fixation of cemented femoral stems is reproducible and provides excellent early recovery of hip function in patients 60–80 years old. The durability of fixation has been evaluated up to 20 years with 90% survivorship. The mode of failure of fixation of cemented total hip arthroplasty is multi-factorial; however, good cementing techniques and reduction of polyethylene wear have been shown to reduce its incidence. The importance of surface roughness for durability of fixation is controversial. This presentation will describe my personal experience with the cemented femoral stem over 30 years with 3 designs and surface roughness (RA) ranging from 30–150 microinches. RESULTS Since 1978, three series of cemented THA have been prospectively followed using periodic clinical and radiographic evaluations. All procedures were performed by the author using the posterior approach. Excellent results and Kaplan-Meier survivorship ranged from 90–99.5% in the best case scenario were noted at 10–20-year follow-up. CONCLUSION With a properly-designed femoral stem, good cement technique, proper cement mantle, and surface roughness of 30–40 microinches, the cemented femoral stem provides a durable hip replacement in patients 60–80 years old with up to 95% survivorship at 10–20-year follow-up.
Nash and Correlated Equilibria: Some Complexity Considerations

This paper deals with the complexity of computing Nash and correlated equilibria for a finite game in normal form. We examine the problems of checking the existence of equilibria satisfying a certain condition, such as “Given a game G and a number r, is there a Nash (correlated) equilibrium of G in which all players obtain an expected payoff of at least r?” or “Is there a unique Nash (correlated) equilibrium in G?” etc. We show that such problems are typically “hard” (NP-hard) for Nash equilibria but “easy” (polynomial) for correlated equilibria.
Cationic Noncovalent Interactions: Energetics and Periodic Trends

In this review, noncovalent interactions of ions with neutral molecules are discussed. After defining the scope of the article, which excludes anionic and most protonated systems, methods associated with measuring thermodynamic information for such systems are briefly recounted. An extensive set of tables detailing available thermodynamic information for the noncovalent interactions of metal cations with a host of ligands is provided. Ligands include small molecules (H2, NH3, CO, CS, H2O, CH3CN, and others), organic ligands (O- and N-donors, crown ethers and related molecules, MALDI matrix molecules), π-ligands (alkenes, alkynes, benzene, and substituted benzenes), miscellaneous inorganic ligands, and biological systems (amino acids, peptides, sugars, nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides). Hydration of metalated biological systems is also included along with selected proton-based systems: 18-crown-6 polyether with protonated peptides and base-pairing energies of nucleobases. In all cases, the literature thermochemistry is evaluated and, in many cases, reanchored or adjusted to 0 K bond dissociation energies. Trends in these values are discussed and related to a variety of simple molecular concepts.
Nanowire electronics

Nanowires are an ideal choice for electronic applications. The underlying reason is that they offer a number of intrinsic properties that make them uniquely suited for low-power applications that require a highly linear device response. In this article we discuss the advantages of nanowires in particular for RF applications emphasizing the critical role of the quantum capacitance for the device operation. We argue that the one-dimensional character of a nanowire is the key enabler for device operation in the quantum capacitance limit and the main reason for a vastly different switching behavior in nanowire field-effect transistors.
Rape: Sexual assault

The Rape Treatment Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, has cared for more than 5,000 victims of sexual assault since January, 1974. Forcible rape is a violent crime, and it is now generally accepted that rapists are sexual deviants. Few of the victims have serious physical injuries, but they all suffer psychological trauma that will affect their lives and the lives of those around them. These victims need expert medical care and psychological counseling if they are to adjust and re-enter society without major difficulties. It is essential that people dealing with these patients understand the dynamics of the situation so that they can care for them intelligently.
A difference resolution approach to compressing access control lists

Access control lists (ACLs) are the core of many networking and security devices. As new threats and vulnerabilities emerge, ACLs on routers and firewalls are getting larger. Therefore, compressing ACLs is an important problem. In this paper, we propose a new approach, called Diplomat, to ACL compression. The key idea is to transform higher dimensional target patterns into lower dimensional patterns by dividing the original pattern into a series of hyperplanes and then resolving differences between two adjacent hyperplanes by adding rules that specify the differences. This approach is fundamentally different from prior ACL compression algorithms and is shown to be very effective. We implemented Diplomat and conducted side-by-side comparison with the prior Firewall Compressor, TCAM Razor, and ACL Compressor algorithms on real life classifiers. Our experimental results show that Diplomat outperforms all of them on most of our real-life classifiers, often by a considerable margin, particularly as classifier size and complexity increases. In particular, on our largest ACLs, Diplomat has an average improvement ratio of 34.9% over Firewall Compressor on range-ACLs, of 14.1% over TCAM Razor on prefix-ACLs, and 8.9% over ACL Compressor on mixed-ACLs.
A NEW TELESCOPIC FEMUR NAIL FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Purpose: The use of telescopic nails has enabled a reduction in the rate of re-operation during growth from 51% observed with non-telescopic nails to 27%. This difference is less pronounced in the long term due to mechanical complications and secondary joint problems. We report our experience with the telescopic nail developed for osteogenesis imperfecta of the femur. This nail is inserted antegrade via a small superior incision, avoiding the problems associated with surgical approach via the knee joint. The distal and proximal fixation are achieved by screwing the nail into the epiphysis. Material and methods: The telescopic nail was used for 43 femurs and 1 humerus in 29 children (osteogenesis imperfecta in 28, skeletal dysplasia in 1) who were reviewed at a mean 34 months. Mean age at surgery was 47 months (range 13 months – 11 years). Results: The telescopic nail deployed normally in 93.2% of the children. Complications not requiring re-operation were observed in 20.5% of the patients: migration of the proximal part of the nail (n=3), material deformation or stress fracture (n=4), loss of distal epiphyseal fixation (n=1). Surgery was required because of complications in three children: intra-articular protrusion of the male part of the nail requiring repositioning, proximal migration of the female part of the nail into the buttocks subsequent to weight-bearing too early, and loss of distal epiphyseal fixation due to inappropriate intra-operative manipulation. Discussion: These early results (follow-up less than three years) demonstrate that this new implant is useful in osteogenesis imperfecta. It enables minimally invasive treatment and reduces the rate of complications without the risk of knee arthrotomy.
Estimating international poverty lines from comparable national thresholds

World Bank's international poverty line of $1.90/day, at 2011 purchasing power parity, is based on a collection of national poverty lines, which were originally used to set the international poverty line of $1.25/day at 2005 purchasing power parity. This paper proposes an approach for estimating a more recent, complete, and comparable collection of national poverty thresholds from reported national poverty rates. The paper presents a set of international poverty lines based on this new database of national poverty lines. In contrast to the lines used to estimate the $1.90 international poverty line, this approach produces national poverty lines that are (1) consistent with national poverty rates, (2) expressed in common units, and (3) provide greater support to the estimated international poverty line. These national poverty lines are used to estimate an extreme international poverty line, and three higher lines that are more relevant for higher-income countries. A key finding provides evidence of the robustness and relevance of the $1.90 international poverty line as a measure of extreme poverty for low-income countries.
Aggregation of semiorders: intransitive indifference makes a difference*

A semiorder can be thought of as a binary relationP for which there is a utilityu representing it in the following sense:xPy iffu(x) −u(y) > 1. We argue that weak orders (for which indifference is transitive) can not be considered a successful approximation of semiorders; for instance, a utility function representing a semiorder in the manner mentioned above is almost unique, i.e. cardinal and not only ordinal. In this paper we deal with semiorders on a product space and their relation to given semiorders on the original spaces. Following the intuition of Rubinstein we find surprising results: with the appropriate framework, it turns out that a Savage-type expected utility requires significantly weaker axioms than it does in the context of weak orders.
Election Laws, Mobilization, and Turnout: The Unanticipated Consequences of Election Reform

State governments have experimented with a variety of election laws to make voting more convenient and increase turnout. The impacts of these reforms vary in surprising ways, providing insight into the mechanisms by which states can encourage or reduce turnout. Our theory focuses on mobilization and distinguishes between the direct and indirect effects of election laws. We conduct both aggregate and individual-level statistical analyses of voter turnout in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections. The results show that Election Day registration has a consistently positive effect on turnout, whereas the most popular reform-early voting-is actually associated with lower turnout when it is implemented by itself We propose that early voting has created negative unanticipated consequences by reducing the civic significance of elections for individuals and altering the incentives for political campaigns to invest in mobilization. dvocates, journalists, and politicians frequently propose changes to election laws out of the belief that making voting easier will increase voter turnout. It seems logical that making voting more convenient-through relaxed registration rules, registra­ tion on Election Day, voting prior to Election Day, or ex­ panded absentee voting-will encourage more people to cast ballots. We challenge this notion and show that the most popular reform-early voting-actually decreases turnout when implemented by itself, an unanticipated consequence that has significant implications for policy and for theories of how state governments can influence turnout. This result is counterintuitive, and it certainly runs against the grain of conventional wisdom. Our expla
Diisocyanate-Linked Polymers. III. Relationships between the Composition and Ultimate Tensile Properties of Some Polyurethane Elastomers

Abstract The tensile strength and elongation at rupture of elastomers vary markedly with the experimental conditions used in measurement. For example, when measured at a fixed rate of extension, the tensile strength may increase by a factor of 100 or more as the temperature is decreased, and the ultimate elongation may increase concomitantly by a factor of 10 or more and then decrease to a few per cent. The ultimate properties also depend on the chemical nature of the network chains, the degree of crosslinking, and on the regularity of spacing of the crosslinking sites. In addition, those elastomers which crystallize during extension (e.g., vulcanized natural rubber) normally exhibit higher tensile strengths and ultimate elongations than those which do not crystallize (e.g., SBR rubbers). In seeking relationships between the structure and the ultimate properties of elastomers, these various factors which affect ultimate properties must be carefully considered. Previously a study was made of the tensile st...
Utilization of Nasogastric feeding tubes in a group of chronically Ill, Elderly patients in a community hospital

Physician practice patterns and attitudes about the use of nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes in a group of elderly patients with severe chronic illness were explored in a community-based teaching hospital in Rochester, NY, using a physician questionnaire and a chart review. The physician questionnaire showed considerable divergence in beliefs about whether this treatment is extraordinary (42%), ordinary (21%), or comfort oriented (37%). Physicians who believed it was extraordinary treatment said they would recommend it less often than those who believed it to be ordinary or comfort oriented in the abstract scenario of a chronically ill, elderly patient who was not maintaining adequate nutrition. Most physician-respondents believed that the patient's wishes should guide the decision. Independently, Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for all patients admitted to the hospital in the previous year who had an NG feeding tube placed, who were over the age of 70 years, and who had primary diagnoses of cerebrovascular accident, organic brain syndrome, or metastatic cancer. Contrary to the questionnaire responses, oral or written consent was documented in only 2 of 51 insertions of NG tubes. Of the 7 charts where a surrogate gave consent, only one expressed consideration of the patient's actual wishes. The clinical reasoning leading to the decision documented in the chart emphasized biomedical concerns much more than the patient's quality of life (8∶1 ratio). Sixty-four percent (35/55) of patients in the study group died in the hospital, including 90% (19/21) of those who were to be treated with a comfort orientation. In only 2 of 55 patients was medical improvement cited as the reason for discontinuing use of the NG feeding tube. Restraints were used in 53% of the patients to keep the tube in. Recommendations are made that emphasize the need for active patient and family participation in the decision to use an NG feeding tube, requiring a balanced presentation of potential benefits, burdens, and limitations in patients with severe irreversible illnesses.
Reduced Parameter Sensitivity Stator Flux Linkage Observer in Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control for IPMSMs

Direct torque control (DTC) has become a widely acceptable alternative to field-oriented control. Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) is a significant improvement over the classical DTC methods and provides opportunities for fast simultaneous control of torque and dynamic loss minimization. DB-DTFC uses estimated torque and stator flux magnitude from a stator flux observer as feedback. The constant parameter state observer utilizes the system model to estimate immeasurable physical states or dynamics of the real system. However, the constant parameter stator flux observer is parameter sensitive at low frequencies. This paper presents a flux observer that utilizes disturbance input decoupling (DID) so that even under varying or inaccurately identified machine parameters, stator flux linkage and torque can be accurately estimated. The structure of the DID flux observer is theoretically derived and discussed. The flux estimation error due to the parameter variations is decoupled through the disturbance information from a stator current observer. Comparative evaluation of the DID flux observer versus the constant parameter flux observer has been performed via both simulation and experiments.
Numerical And Physical Studies Of Fluid-Driven Fracture Propagation In Jointed Rock

Hydraulic fracturing in rock masses involves complex and coupled processes of fractures propagating in discontinuous media and of fluid flow in discrete channels. The Unconventional Gas Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is actively developing numerical models to gain insight in the physics of these coupled processes. However powerful and versatile these models are, they must be verified against analytical solutions and/or physical experiments. This paper describes the current status of the FEFFLAP code, which models fluid-driven discrete fracture propagation in jointed media. We also discuss the results of a preliminary series of physical tests in which hydrofractures were driven across slanted interfaces between dissimilar materials, in blocks loaded in biaxial compression. 21 references, 13 figures, 3 tables.
EVALUATING THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF SCHOOL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS: A RESIDENTIAL SORTING APPROACH

Las Vegas experienced improvements in math and reading performance between 2006 and 2011. This study evaluates the benefits of these nonmarginal improvements to Las Vegas area homeowners, using a residential sorting model. We estimate households’ preferences for multiple characteristics including the proportion of proficient students in their assigned elementary school. The estimation accounts for the endogeneity of school quality using school boundary fixed effects. The welfare estimates suggest that the school quality improvements provided substantial benefits to the area's households. We find that benefit measures derived from a hedonic price model are substantially larger than our sorting model benefit measures.
Phase Controlled Class E Amplifier Characteristics for Pulsing Applications

Phase controlled Class E amplifiers for high-power plasma pulsing applications are analyzed and their characteristics for pulsing applications are simulated and measured. Harmonic modeling is used to design the phase controlled Class E type amplifiers for plasma pulsing applications, and analytical, simulation, and experimental results are presented. The parameters that affect pulsing characteristics of the phase-controlled Class E amplifiers, including power capacity and thermal characteristics using die dissipation versus pulse frequency are given. Safe operating area of the active devices used in amplifier is simulated and tested for reliable operation. Phase controlled Class E amplifier capacity for ON/OFF pulsing, and 2-level nonzero pulsing for matched and mismatch loads for various cases have been investigated, and critical RF envelope pulsing parameters, such as rise time, fall time, settling time have been studied extensively. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results have been compared and close agreement has been seen.
Experimental Demonstration of Ammonia Storage and Slip Modeling With Control for an SCR Aftertreatment System

Emission control is currently one of the biggest challenges and concerns in the automotive industry for cleaner diesel engines. Due to the low level of NO x emission enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is currently one of the most feasible solutions. SCR technology uses diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), which is a urea solution of 32.7% urea with 67.3% water to reduce NO x emission. The urea solution is converted to ammonia (NH 3 ), which reacts with NO x over a catalyst to form N 2 and water. In this paper, a practical and dynamic model for modeling and controlling ammonia surface coverage or storage on an SCR system with a vanadia-based catalyst is implemented. It also included modeling of NH 3 slip. This work was implemented on an electronic control module and tested on a medium-duty diesel engine. The improved NO x efficiencies observed with the corresponding reduction in urea usage illustrate a successful solution, indicating that this new dynamic modeling of ammonia surface coverage and its effective usage to manage urea dosing is a valuable tool for SCR after-treatment systems.
Functional characterization of a panel of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines as representative experimental models of the disease

// James Haley 1 , Sunil Tomar 1 , Nicholas Pulliam 1 , Sen Xiong 1 , Susan M. Perkins 2 , Adam R. Karpf 3 , Sumegha Mitra 1, 4 , Kenneth P. Nephew 1, 5, 6 , Anirban K. Mitra 1, 5, 7 1 Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA 2 Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 3 Eppley Institute and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 5 Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 6 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 7 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA Correspondence to: Anirban K. Mitra, email: anmitra@indiana.edu Keywords: ovarian cancer, migration, invasion, proliferation, clonogenicity Received: January 27, 2016 Accepted: April 10, 2016 Published: April 27, 2016 ABSTRACT Genomic analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines has revealed a panel that best represents the most common ovarian cancer subtype, high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, these HGSOC-like cell lines have not been extensively applied by ovarian cancer researchers to date, and the most commonly used cell lines in the ovarian cancer field do not genetically resemble the major clinical type of the disease. For the HGSOC-like lines to serve as suitable models, they need to be characterized for common functional assays. To achieve that objective, we systematically studied a panel of HGSOC cells CAOV3, COV362, Kuramochi, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, OVSAHO and SNU119 for migration, invasion, proliferation, clonogenicity, EMT phenotype and cisplatin resistance. They exhibited a range of efficacies and OVCAR5, OVCAR8 and Kuramochi were the most aggressive. SNU119 and OVSAHO cells demonstrated the lowest functional activities. Wide differences in expression of EMT markers were observed between cell lines. SNU119 were the most epithelial and OVCAR8 had the most mesenchymal phenotype. COV362 was the most resistant to cisplatin while CAOV3 was the most sensitive. Taken together, our systematic characterization represents a valuable resource to help guide the application of HGSOC cells by the cancer research community.
Learning with finite memory for machine type communication

Machine-type devices (MTDs) will lie at the heart of the Internet of things (IoT) system. A key challenge in such a system is sharing network resources between small MTDs, which have limited memory and computational capabilities. In this paper, a novel learning with finite memory framework is proposed to enable MTDs to effectively learn about each others message state, so as to properly adapt their transmission parameters. In particular, an IoT system in which MTDs can transmit both delay tolerant, periodic messages and critical alarm messages is studied. For this model, the characterization of the exponentially growing delay for critical alarm messages and the convergence of the proposed learning framework in an IoT are analyzed. Simulation results show that the delay of critical alarm messages is significantly reduced up to 94% with very minimal memory requirements. The results also show that the proposed learning with finite memory framework is very effective in mitigating the limiting factors of learning that prevent proper learning procedures.
Optimization of Data Center Battery Storage Investments for Microgrid Cost Savings, Emissions Reduction, and Reliability Enhancement

This paper presents a methodology for optimizing investment in data center battery storage capacity. Utility grid managers spend significant resources toward predicting and matching available power generation capacity to demand in real time. It is therefore essential for the success of the power industry that economic dispatch, energy efficiency, and grid security be maintained as power requirements change. This is especially challenging for microgrids during periods of peak demand due to limited available capacity. Data centers possess a unique requirement for short-term battery power supply where cost savings, emissions reduction, and reliability enhancement can be achieved through investment in additional battery capacity. To maximize these benefits, an optimization methodology is presented through a case study for an existing data center and microgrid. Here, we discuss a case study demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. For the selected mid-size data center, our results indicate monetize monthly savings of up to 10 000$ and 0.5% reduction in loss of load probability while simultaneously reducing carbon footprints. The results of this work are directed toward large data centers at university and corporate campuses, microgrids, and military installations.
Generation of topologically diverse acoustic vortex beams using a compact metamaterial aperture

Here, we present a class of metamaterial-based acoustic vortex generators which are both geometrically simple and broadly tunable. The aperture overcomes the significant limitations of both active phasing systems and existing passive coded apertures. The metamaterial approach generates topologically diverse acoustic vortex waves motivated by recent advances in leaky wave antennas by wrapping the antenna back upon itself to produce an acoustic vortex wave antenna. We demonstrate both experimentally and analytically that this single analog structure is capable of creating multiple orthogonal orbital angular momentum modes using only a single transducer. The metamaterial design makes the aperture compact, with a diameter nearly equal to the excitation wavelength and can thus be easily integrated into high-density systems. Applications range from acoustic communications for high bit-rate multiplexing to biomedical devices such as microfluidic mixers.
ROBOTIC ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT: A SURGICAL TECHNIQUE VIDEO

Insall, Laskin and others have taught us that the goal of successful total knee replacement (TKR) is to have well fixed and fitted components in a neutral mechanical axis (MA) with balanced soft tissues. Computer and robotic assisted (C-RAS) TKR with real time validation is an excellent tool to help you to attain these goals. Ritter and others have shown higher early failure rates with TKR9s where the final alignment is outside a 3-degree window of the neutral MA. Dalury and Schroer have each shown higher early failure rates in TKR9s with postoperative instability and or malalignment. C-RAS TKR helps prevent and significantly lowers the number of TKR outliers that may go on to early aseptic loosening and failure as compared with traditional methods. This featured video was created to show how surgeons can benefit from real-time validation and the kinematic data provided during C-RAS. The system helps in their intraoperative decision-making process and then guides them to make precise bone cuts and balance the soft tissue envelope in a very time efficient and highly repeatable fashion. Additionally, imageless C-RAS breaks away from the paradigm of pre-operative MRI or CT scan imaging studies by no longer requiring such costly procedures. This relatively easy, simple to learn, and cost-efficient procedure is a valuable asset in the operating room, for both the surgeon and patient. Furthermore, it is highly customizable and easily integrated into any surgeon9s workflow, technique, and exposure. The viewer will learn the C-RAS TKR simple workflow of Tracking, Registration, Navigation, and Validation. The results of the previously published abstract “Influence of Pre-Operative Deformity on Surgical Accuracy and Time in Robotic-Assisted TKA” JA Koenig; C Plaskos; BJJprocs.boneandjoint.org.uk 95-B/SUPP28/62 2013, will also be presented at the end of the video. Finally many have argued that C-RAS TKR is an excellent method to teach the “ART of TKR” to young surgeons, residents and students as they can see with real time validation and data the immediate consequences and effects of their intra-operative actions and maneuvers.
THE UTILITY OF MRI WITH METAL ARTIFACT REDUCTION SEQUENCING IN DIAGNOSING PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION AFTER THA

Introduction The current recommendation by the AAOS in the 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the use of MRI to diagnose a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is “inconclusive” given the lack of evidence to support its use. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of MRI with metal reduction artifact sequencing in diagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods 176 patients who underwent MRI with multi-acquisition variable resonance image combination (MAVRIC) to reduce metal artifact for a painful THA between the years of 2009–2013 were retrospectively evaluated. All MRIs were read by one of four radiologists with extensive experience in interpreting MRIs after THA. All MRIs were performed using a 1.5 Tesla magnet. Of the 176 patients examined, 16 patients were found to have a deep periprosthetic joint infection using Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria after the MRI was performed. MRI reads were classified as either positive (read as “evidence of active infection” or “suspicious for infection”) or negative (read as no evidence of infection). Only one patient who had a positive MRI read was excluded because of loss to followup after the MRI was performed. Results Of the 160 aseptic patients, only one patient was read as suspicious for infection (false positive rate = 0.6%, specificity=99.4%, negative predictive value (NPV)=98.8%). Of the 16 patients with an infected THA, 14 patients were read as positive for infection (false negative rate=12.5%, sensitivity = 87.5%, positive predictive value (PPV)=93%). Conclusion MRI with metal reduction artifact sequence is a highly specific test to diagnose or rule out a PJI with a low false positive rate and excellent PPV and NPV however, given its lower sensitivity than published for the serum C-reactive protein, is not recommended as a general “screening” test for all patients with pain after THA to rule out infection.
Improving the Effectiveness of Time-Based Display Advertising.

Display advertisements are typically sold by the impression, where one impression is simply one download of an ad. Previous work has shown that the longer an ad is in view, the more likely a user is to remember it and that there are diminishing returns to increased exposure time [Goldstein et al. 2011]. Since a pricing scheme that is at least partially based on time is more exact than one based solely on impressions, time- based advertising may become an industry standard. We answer an open question concerning time-based pricing schemes: how should time slots for advertisements be divided? We provide evidence that ads can be scheduled in a way that leads to greater total recollection, which advertisers value, and increased revenue, which publishers value. We document two main findings. First, we show that displaying two shorter ads results in more total recollection than displaying one longer ad of twice the duration. Second, we show that this effect disappears as the duration of these ads increases. We conclude with a theoretical prediction regarding the circumstances under which the display advertising industry would benefit if it moved to a partially or fully time-based standard.
Strategic Alignment Maturity.

Strategic Alignment is one of the six core elements of BPM. In this chapter, an introduction to Strategic Alignment is given. Against the background of foundations on IT-Business Alignment, several important insights are provided for the strategic alignment in BPM. A maturity model is presented in order to assess different levels of capabilities based on key criteria to evaluate alignment maturity. Also, results from a global empirical study are presented and discussed in the light of BPM.
Performance and Convergence of Multi-user Online Learning

We study the problem of allocating multiple users to a set of wireless channels in a decentralized manner when the channel qualities are time-varying and unknown to the users, and accessing the same channel by multiple users leads to reduced quality due to interference. In such a setting the users not only need to learn the inherent channel quality and at the same time the best allocations of users to channels so as to maximize the social welfare. Assuming that the users adopt a certain online learning algorithm, we investigate under what conditions the socially optimal allocation is achievable. In particular we examine the effect of different levels of knowledge the users may have and the amount of communications and cooperation. The general conclusion is that when the cooperation of users decreases and the uncertainty about channel payoffs increases it becomes harder to achieve the socially optimal allocation.
Enhancing Perovskite Electrocatalysis through Strain Tuning of the Oxygen Deficiency

Oxygen vacancies in transition-metal oxides facilitate catalysis critical for energy storage and generation. However, promoting vacancies at the lower temperatures required for operation in devices such as metal–air batteries and portable fuel cells has proven elusive. Here we used thin films of perovskite-based strontium cobaltite (SrCoOx) to show that epitaxial strain is a powerful tool for manipulating the oxygen content under conditions consistent with the oxygen evolution reaction, yielding increasingly oxygen-deficient states in an environment where the cobaltite would normally be fully oxidized. The additional oxygen vacancies created through tensile strain enhance the cobaltite’s catalytic activity toward this important reaction by over an order of magnitude, equaling that of precious-metal catalysts, including IrO2. Our findings demonstrate that strain in these oxides can dictate the oxygen stoichiometry independent of ambient conditions, allowing unprecedented control over oxygen vacancies essen...
An SLA-Based Advisor for Placement of HPC Jobs on Hybrid Clouds

Several scientific and industry applications require High Performance Computing (HPC) resources to process and/or simulate complex models. Not long ago, companies, research institutes, and universities used to acquire and maintain on-premise computer clusters; but, recently, cloud computing has emerged as an alternative for a subset of HPC applications. This poses a challenge to end-users, who have to decide where to run their jobs: on local clusters or burst to a remote cloud service provider. While current research on HPC cloud has focused on comparing performance of on-premise clusters against cloud resources, we build on top of existing efforts and introduce an advisory service to help users make this decision considering the trade-offs of resource costs, performance, and availability on hybrid clouds. We evaluated our service using a real test-bed with a seismic processing application based on Full Waveform Inversion; a technique used by geophysicists in the oil & gas industry and earthquake prediction. We also discuss how the advisor can be used for other applications and highlight the main lessons learned constructing this service to reduce costs and turnaround times.
Knee injuries in skiing.

Although other major lower extremity injuries have diminished in incidence in recent years, knee sprains have not and do not seem likely to do so in the near future. The diagnosis and treatment of ligamentous, meniscal, and patellofemoral injuries are detailed.
Role of lipegfilgrastim in the management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia

Chemotherapy, irradiation, and other agents are widely used to target the process of cell division in neoplastic cells. However, while these therapies are effective against most cancers, the high proliferative rate of the cells of the hematopoietic system that produce billions of blood cells needed daily throughout life is extremely sensitive to these agents, resulting in loss of blood cell populations, which can be life threatening. Neutropenia is the most serious hematologic toxicity of chemotherapy, which can result in patient morbidity and mortality due to opportunistic infection and often is the limiting factor in dose escalation or duration of chemotherapeutic administration. Neutropenic patients often require hospitalization and incur substantial medical costs associated with anti-infective therapy. Treatment of iatrogenic and congenic neutropenia was changed in the early 1990s with the introduction of filgrastim (Neupogen®) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®). With the expiration of patent lives of both of these drugs, biosimilars have begun to emerge. In this review, we will summarize the chemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of lipegfilgrastim (Lonquex®), the first long-acting biosimilar filgrastim to receive regulatory approval and enter the marketplace.
Use of Statins and the Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Even though several landmark statin trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of statin therapy in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, several studies have suggested that statins are associated with a moderate increase in risk of new-onset diabetes. These observations prompted the US FDA to revise statin labels to include a warning of an increased risk of incident diabetes mellitus as a result of increases in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose. However, few studies have used US-based data to investigate this statin-associated increased risk of diabetes. The primary objective of our study was to examine whether the use of statins increases the risk of incident diabetes mellitus using data from the Thomson Reuters MarketScan ® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing data for the period 2003–2004. The study population included new statin users aged 20–63 years at index who did not have a history of diabetes. The proportion (3.4 %) of statin users (N = 53,212) who had incident diabetes was higher than the proportion (1.2 %) of non-statin users (N = 53,212) who had incident diabetes. Compared with no statin use and controlling for demographic and clinical covariates, statin use was significantly associated with increased risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio 2.01; 99 % confidence interval 1.74–2.33; p < 0.0001). In addition, risk of diabetes was highest among users of lovastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and fluvastatin. Diabetes risk was lowest among pravastatin and rosuvastatin users. Because the potential for diabetogenicity differs among different statin types, healthcare professionals should individualize statin therapy by identifying patients who would benefit more from less diabetogenic statin types.
The novel use of different bupivacaine preparations with combined regional techniques for postoperative pain management in non–opioid-based laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy

Opioids are important for surgical pain control but may not be appropriate for patients with narcotic abuse histories or opioid intolerance. We describe a laparoscopic bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy performed without perioperative or postoperative narcotics. Postoperative analgesia involves a novel technique using 2 different bupivacaine formulations that act synergistically to avoid lag time and provide extended pain relief during the acute surgical recovery phase.
A diffuse interface model of grain boundary faceting

Interfaces, free or internal, greatly influence the physical properties and stability of materials microstructures. Of particular interest are the processes that occur due to anisotropic interfacial properties. In the case of grain boundaries (GBs) in metals, several experimental observations revealed that an initially flat GB may facet into hill-and-valley structures with well defined planes and corners/edges connecting them. Herein, we present a diffuse interface model that is capable of accounting for strongly anisotropic GB properties and capturing the formation of hill-and-valley morphologies. The hallmark of our approach is the ability to independently examine the various factors affecting GB faceting and subsequent facet coarsening. More specifically, our formulation incorporates higher order expansions to account for the excess energy due to facet junctions and their non-local interactions. As a demonstration of the modeling capability, we consider the Σ5 〈001〉 tilt GB in body-centered-cubic iron,...
What If Piketty Is Right? Real Economic Costs of Rising Income Inequality

ABSTRACTThomas Piketty's analysis of income and wealth distribution, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, argues that wealth has become increasingly concentrated in the hands of the most affluent, while lower and middle class real incomes have stagnated; he warns that this trend could have “potentially terrifying” results, possibly even violent revolution. This article presents evidence that growing inequality weakens the entire economy by eroding the purchasing power of the vast majority of the population and the education of the labor force, while increasing its vulnerability to future collapses of the financial markets. It agrees with Piketty's concern that the capitalist market system, driven by Adam Smith's classic reliance on the pursuit of individual self-interest, lacks mechanisms to correct these distortions, which must be addressed by new policy initiatives.
Quenched Kosterlitz-Thouless Superfluid Transitions

Rapidly quenched Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) superfluid tran sitions are studied by solving the Fokker-Planck equation for the vortex-pair dynamics in conjunction with the KT recursion relations. Power-law decays of the vortex density at long times are found, and the results are in agreement with a scaling proposal made by Minnhagen and co-workers for the dynamical critical exponent. The superfluid density is strongly depressed after a quench, with the subsequent recovery being logarithmically slow for starting temperatures near TKT . No evidence is found of vortices being ”created” in a rapid quench, there is only decay of the existing thermal vortex pairs.
Lepton Pair Production in Hadronic Collisions

This is a review of the experimental status of production of massive (m ⩾ 1 GeV) lepton pairs in hadronic collisions.1 The catch-all diagrams (Fig. 1) illustrate the principal motivations for this ever-expanding activity: $$ pp \to {\ell ^ + }{\ell ^ - } + \,\,hadrons.{\,^2}$$ (1a) It provides a third reaction to the probe of hadronic substructure via virtual photons; the other two being $$ep \to e\,\, + \,\,hadrons\,;$$ (1b) $${e^ + }{e^ - }\, \to \,hadrons\,\,.$$ (1c) The relevant energy variable for (1b) is Q2, the momentum transfer. This is limited by the energy of lepton beams ∿ 200 GeV at FNAL and SPS implies a Qmax 2 ∿ 400 GeV2.
Maximum Likelihood Nonlinear Transformations Based on Deep Neural Networks

Feature transformations are commonly used in speech recognition to account for distribution mismatches between the source and target domains also referred to as covariate shift. Linear affine or piecewise linear transformations are typically considered. In this paper, we present deep neural network DNN based nonlinear feature transformations estimated under the maximum likelihood criterion. We use the hidden Markov model HMM to model speech feature sequences and features in each HMM state assume a Gaussian mixture model GMM distribution. The network is pre-trained close to a linear transformation followed by a fine-tuning using the gradient descent algorithm. Due to the nonlinearity, the gradients and the partition functions of GMM-HMM state distributions are evaluated using the Monte Carlo MC method based on importance sampling. In addition, a deep stacked architecture is proposed to hierarchically build a DNN as a series of sub-networks with each representing a nonlinear transformation itself, which can be learned using a block-wise learning strategy. Applications of the proposed nonlinear transformations in speaker/environment adaptation and acoustic modeling in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition tasks show its superior performance over the widely-used constrained maximum likelihood linear regression CMLLR.
Investigation of the tunnel magnetoresistance in junctions with a strontium stannate barrier

We experimentally investigate the structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of La0.67 Sr0.33MnO3 based magnetic tunnel junctions with a SrSnO3 barrier. Our results show that despite the high density of defects in the strontium stannate barrier, due to the large lattice mismatch, the observed tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is comparable to tunnel junctions with a better lattice matched SrTiO3 barrier, reaching values of up to 350% at T=5 K. Further analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of the junction and the bias voltage dependence of the observed tunnel magnetoresistance show a decrease of the TMR with increasing bias voltage. In addition, the observed TMR vanishes for T>200 K. Our results suggest that by employing a better lattice matched ferromagnetic electrode, and thus reducing the structural defects in the strontium stannate barrier, even larger TMR ratios might be possible in the future.