cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders with daclizumab.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of daclizumab therapy for patients with various ophthalmologic inflammatory disorders (all having previously failed standard treatment methods). Design Retrospective, nonrandomized case series. Participants Fourteen patients. Methods Fourteen patients were treated with daclizumab after previously failing standard treatment methods. Main outcome measures Inflammation and visual acuity. Results Twelve of 27 (44%) eyes and 5 of 14 (36%) patients had improvement in visual acuity; 9 of 27 (33%) eyes and 5 of 14 (36%) patients had no change in visual acuity; and 6 of 27 (22%) eyes and 4 of 14 (27%) patients had continued visual loss. Based on degree of inflammation, 16 of 27 eyes (59%) had improvement, 3 of 27 (11%) eyes had no change, and 8 of 27 (30%) eyes worsened. Conclusions Daclizumab is safe and, at least in some patients, appears to be an effective medication in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders.
Improving the battery performance of ad-hoc routing protocols

In ad-hoc networks formed by battery powered nodes, the network lifetime can be significantly enhanced by incorporating the battery properties in the routing protocol. In this paper, we propose such a routing mechanism BCRM, that enhances the network lifetime by letting some of the nodes recover part of their lost charge. This is done by putting the selected set of nodes to sleep. We integrate BCRM into well-known on-demand protocols such as DSR, MBCR and MMBCR, and evaluate their performance. Simulation results show that BCRM based protocols can improve network lifetime significantly with slight degradation in throughput.
Perioperative Nursing in Uganda: Improvisation, Creativity

ganda, once one of Africa 's most sophisticated countries, is situated on a U high, fertile plateau in east central Africa. The Nile River begins its long journey here near Lake Victoria. Uganda is about the size of Oregon and has a population of 17 million people representing many different tribes. Kampala, the capital city, has an estimated population of 800,000. The city suffered greatly from a series of dictatorships, including that of Idi Amin, and civil wars until 1986 when the present transitional government led by President Museveni came to power. Troubled by tribal rivalries and extensive human rights violations, Uganda had disintegrated socially and economically. With its infrastructure destroyed, it has evolved into one of the world's least developed countries. The country finally is at peace after years of anarchy. Efforts are underway to rebuild, and the outlook is encouraging.
Evidence for correlations between fluctuations in 54Mn decay rates and solar storms

Abstract Following recent indications that several radioactive isotopes show fluctuating decay rates which may be influenced by solar activity, we present findings from a 2 year period of data collection on 54Mn. Measurements were recorded hourly from a 1 μCi sample of 54Mn monitored from January 2010–December 2011. A series of signal-detection algorithms determine regions of statistically significant fluctuations in decay behaviour from the expected exponential form. The 239 decay flags identified during this interval were compared to daily distributions of multiple solar indices, generated by noaa , which are associated with heightened solar activity. The indices were filtered to provide a list of the 413 strongest events during a coincident period. We find that 49% of the strongest solar events are preceded by at least 1 decay flag within a 48 h interval, and 37% of decay flags are followed by a reported solar event within 48 h. These results are significant at the 0.9σ and 2.8σ levels respectively, based on a comparison to results obtained from a shuffle test, in which the decay measurements were randomly shuffled in time 10,000 times. We also present results from a simulation combining constructed data reflecting 10 sites which compared and filtered decay flags generated from all sites. The results indicate a potential 35% reduction in the false positive rate in going from 1 to 10 sites. By implication, the improved statistics attest to the benefit of analysing data from a larger number of geographically distributed sites in parallel.
The role of attenuation in the formation of the Railroad Valley structural basin, east-central Nevada: Detachment control of petroleum reservoirs

The eastern boundary of Railroad Valley has long been considered a large displacement steep normal fault. By mapping a low-angle fault, called the White Pine detachment (WPD), from the ranges into the valley, we show that steep normal faulting was not a significant process in the formation of Railroad Valley. The WPD or its equivalent extends throughout the White Pine and Grant ranges, as shown by mapping of previous authors. Well data show that it is also present in Railroad Valley. Our structure-contour map of the WPD, based on surface and subsurface data, shows that the WPD dips uniformly from the ranges into Railroad Valley and is not displaced significantly by high-angle faulting. Even if high-angle faulting were assumed, the maximum displacement consistent with the data would be 2000 ft (610 m), much smaller than the total structural relief of at least 16,000 ft (4880 m) between the Grant Range and the adjacent valley. Structural elevations in the valley are low because the Paleozoic section has been greatly attenuated. A related contribution to structural relief is uplifting of the ranges caused by diapiric emplacement of plutons in response to tectonic unloading. The WPD is only one of many detachments in Railroad Valley. We propose that most or all of the oil reservoirs are in attenuated, brittle blocks between detachments. Seals are provided by detachments or by the discontinuous nature of associated fracturing. Attenuation, by juxtaposing hot infrastructure rocks with rocks that normally occur thousands of feet above the granitic and metamorphic basement, may have contributed to maturation of source rocks. (Begin page 1154)
Meaning of illness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Investigations into personal factors influencing quality of life are important for those developing strategies to support patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the influence of meaning of illness on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Veterans from primary care clinics in the southeastern United States completed a questionnaire including questions from the validated 5-scale Meaning of Illness Questionnaire (MIQ). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models investigated the physical and mental components of quality of life with the 5 MIQ factors. Results The sample comprised 302 Black and White veterans. The physical component of quality of life (PCS) was positively associated with type of stress/attitude of harm (β = 2.43, CI: 0.94 to 3.93) and challenge/motivation/hope (β = 3.02, CI: 0.40 to 5.64) after adjustment, whereas the mental component of quality of life (MCS) was positively associated with the degree of stress/change in commitment (β = 2.58, CI: 0.78 to 4.38), and negatively associated with challenge/motivation/hope (β = − 2.55, CI: − 4.99 to − 0.11). Conclusion Attitudes of challenge, motivation and hope had opposite effects on mental and physical components of quality of life in this sample of veterans. Additionally, whereas, the type of stress and attitude towards harm or loss was associated with the physical component, the degree of stress and change in commitments was associated with the mental component. This suggests addressing the meaning of an illness may be complex but is an important consideration in improving both physical and mental components of quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Grazing behavior responses of rangeland beef cows to winter ambient temperatures and age

Abstract A trial was conducted on Montana native rangeland to examine the effects of cow age and ambient air temperatures on mid-winter grazing activity of pregnant beef cows. Cows were fitted with vibracorders and pedometers for 50 continuous days in January and February to monitor daily grazing time ( DGT ) and distance traveled. Three-year-old cows grazed 0.7 h day −1 longer ( P −1 further ( P DGT averaged 8.8 h day −1 across ages and was insensitive ( P >0.05) to mean ambient temperature departures (either increases or decreases) from average temperatures of the previous 1–20 days. DGT did not remain below 8 h day −1 for more than one successive day. However, examination of grazing times within daily periods indicated significant linear respones to temperature changes. Morning (07.01–13.00 h) grazing times exhibited variable responses ( P P DGT occurred during the evening period. We concluded that in the foothill grasslands of the Northern Rockies, range beef cows maintained consistent total grazing time despite fluctuating mid-winter temperatures (8 to −26°C) and that cow age influenced grazing activity.
Noninvasive thermal coagulation of deep subsurface tissue structures using a laser probe with integrated contact cooling

Cooling methods are used during cosmetic laser surgery to preserve a superficial layer of the skin surface. This study investigates contact cooling for sparing a deeper layer of the tissue surface during laser irradiation of subsurface tissues, with the goal of developing noninvasive laser therapy applications beyond cosmetic surgery. A laser probe was designed and tested for simultaneous laser irradiation and contact cooling of liver tissue, ex vivo. Gross and histologic examination was used to quantify thermal lesion dimensions. Liver lesions of 5.8-mm-diameter were created, while preserving the tissue surface to a depth of 1.5 mm. In vivo animal studies are planned to optimize the laser and cooling parameters for potential clinical applications.
VipD is a Rab5-activated phospholipase A1 that protects Legionella pneumophila from endosomal fusion

A crucial step in the elimination of invading microbes by macrophages is phagosomal maturation through heterotypic endosomal fusion. This process is controlled by the guanine nucleotide binding protein Rab5, which assembles protein microdomains that include the tethering protein early endosomal antigen (EEA) 1 and the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase hVps34, which generates PI(3)P, a phospholipid required for membrane association of EEA1 and other fusion factors. During infection of macrophages, the pathogen Legionella pneumophila bypasses the microbicidal endosomal compartment by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that the effector protein VipD from L. pneumophila exhibits phospholipase A1 activity that is activated only upon binding to endosomal Rab5 or Rab22. Within mammalian cells, VipD localizes to endosomes and catalyzes the removal of PI(3)P from endosomal membranes. EEA1 and other transport and fusion factors are consequently depleted from endosomes, rendering them fusion-incompetent. During host cell infection, VipD reduces exposure of L. pneumophila to the endosomal compartment and protects their surrounding vacuoles from acquiring Rab5. Thus, by catalyzing PI(3)P depletion in a Rab5-dependent manner, VipD alters the protein composition of endosomes thereby blocking fusion with Legionella-containing vacuoles.
Magnesium dependence of the amplified conformational switch in the trans-acting hepatitis delta virus ribozyme

The ability of divalent metal ions to participate in both structure formation and catalytic chemistry of RNA enzymes (ribozymes) has made it difficult to separate their cause and effect in ribozyme function. For example, the recently solved crystal structures of precursor and product forms of the cis-cleaving genomic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme show a divalent metal ion bound in the active site that is released upon catalysis due to an RNA conformational change. This conformational switch is associated with a repositioning of the catalytically involved base C75 in the active-site cleft, thus controlling catalysis. These findings confirm previous data from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) on a trans-acting form of the HDV ribozyme that found a global conformational change to accompany catalysis. Here, we further test the conformational switch model by measuring the Mg(2+) dependence of the global conformational change of the trans-acting HDV ribozyme, using circular dichroism and time-resolved FRET as complementary probes of secondary and tertiary structure formation, respectively. We observe significant differences in both structure and Mg(2+) affinity of the precursor and product forms, in the presence and absence of 300 mM Na(+) background. The precursor shortens while the product extends with increasing Mg(2+) concentration, essentially amplifying the structural differences observed in the crystal structures. In addition, the precursor has an approximately 2-fold and approximately 13-fold lower Mg(2+) affinity than the product in secondary and tertiary structure formation, respectively. We also have compared the C75 wild-type with the catalytically inactive C75U mutant and find significant differences in global structure and Mg(2+) affinity for both their precursor and product forms. Significantly, the Mg(2+) affinity of the C75 wild-type is 1.7-2.1-fold lower than that of the C75U mutant, in accord with the notion that C75 is essential for a catalytic conformational change that leads to a decrease in the local divalent metal ion affinity and release of a catalytic metal. Thus, a consistent picture emerges in which divalent metal ions and RNA functional groups are intimately intertwined in affecting structural dynamics and catalysis in the HDV ribozyme.
Characterization of Moon Rock Media With Elastic Waves

Elastic wave propagation in porous media will be introduced by a discussion of scattering to show the use of broad frequency band pulses in relating the attenuation, velocity and backscattering to information on porosity. Examples will be given for microporosity in castings and powder metal components. This will be followed by a discussion of the influence of volatiles within the pores on the absorption of elastic waves in porous ceramics and rocks. Implications of these findings will be given for ultrasonic device applications and for the interpretation of the lunar seismic experiments carried out as part of the Apollo missions to the moon.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Prostate carcinoma mimicking a sphenoid wing meningioma.

Introduction We report here on a rare case of a large, lateral sphenoid wing tumor with radiographic and intraoperative findings highly suggestive of meningioma, yet pathology was in fact consistent with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.
Metabolic scaling and twin placentas

Abstract Objective Do monochorionic (MC) and/or dichorionic (DC) twins show allometric scaling between placental and birth weight (PW, BW)? Methods We extracted BW, PW, gestational age (GA) and cord insertion type from 52 MC to 310 DC twins to calculate β. DC twins were analyzed as summed and as individuals if placentas were separate. Results Mean β for MC (0.78 ± 0.02), DC summed (0.78 ± 0.02), and DC with separate placentas (0.77 ± 0.03 and 0.76 ± 0.04) all non-significant. GA, summed BWs, total PW, BW discordance, and cord insertion sites did not differ between twin types or with β. Conclusion MC and DC twins show allometric scaling similar to singletons.
New Species of Albericus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Eastern New Guinea

Abstract We describe a new species of Albericus from Mt. Shungol in the Herzog Mountains at the north end of the Owen Stanley terrane of Papua New Guinea. The new species differs from all other known species of the genus in its rapid peeping call and in having the tympana hidden in males. It can be further distinguished from particular congeners in a variety of morphometric variables. The new species inhabits lowland hill forest, was moderately common where found, and is only known from the slopes of Mt. Shungol.
Sales Tax And Consumer Purchase Decisions

This study uses an experimental design to investigate the effect of sales tax on consumer mail order purchase intentions. Economic- and psychology-based theories generate alternative predictions for purchase intentions. Overall the results show that no conclusion can be made that sales tax affects consumer purchase intentions.
Dynamic Buckling of Shallow Shells under Impulsive Loading

Minimum impulse necessary for dynamic snap buckling determined by examining unstable equilibrium states in nonlinear range; analysis based on assumptions of elastic behavior, large displacements, and axially symmetrical deformations; by assumption, deformation is represented by simple deflection function such that shell can be treated as one-degree-of-freedom system; results presented for snap-buckling impulse as function of geometry for various boundary conditions.
Lost Data: The Legal Challenges

Another day, another data breach, another lawsuit. On September 22, 2006, a lawsuit was filed against America Online over AOL’s release of 19 million search requests affecting 650,000 subscribers. The suit was filed by three AOL subscribers as a class-action lawsuit where they would represent all of the victims of the release. The AOL data breach is not the first such incident. In the September issue of Information Today, Phillip Britt reported that over 190 data breaches had been reported between February 2005 and June 2006. In February 2005, ChoicePoint reported that information on over 160,000 persons was leaked to criminals posing as legitimate businesses. In May 2006, a laptop computer containing access to over 26 million veterans and military personnel data was stolen from a VA employee’s home. At least two class action lawsuits are pending over that data breach. This article explores how the law is responding to the expanding quandary of data breaches and identity theft.
On MGRU v e multigrid methods

The MGR$[\nu ]$ algorithm of Ries, Trottenberg and Winter with $\nu = 0$, and Algorithm 2.1 of Braess are essentially the same multigrid algorithm for the discrete Poisson equation $ - \Delta _h U = f$. In this report we consider the extension to the general diffusion equation $ - \nabla \cdot p\nabla u = f,p(x,y) \geqq p_0 > 0$. In particular, for the two-grid scheme we re-obtain the basic result: Let $\varepsilon ^0 $ be the error before a single multigrid cycle and let $\varepsilon ^1 $ be the error after this cycle. Then $\|\varepsilon ^1 \|_{Lh} \leqq \frac{1}{2}(1 = Kh)\|\varepsilon ^0 \|_{Lh} $. Computational results indicate that other constant coefficient results carry over as well.
Surface Science as a Basis for Understanding Heterogeneous Catalysis

Surface Science provides new techniques of catalyst characterization on the molecular level and uncovers new phenomena that correlates with catalyst behavior. These include trends of reactivity and bonding across the periodic table; the observation that rough surfaces and defect sites have high reaction rates and more strongly bind the adsorbates; the reaction and chemisorption induced restructuring of metal surfaces; and the presence of a strongly chemisorbed overlayer during catalysis along with co-adsorbates that alter the rates of reactions. There is evidence from surface science studies of the cluster-like bonding of molecular adsorbates of thermal activation and the unique reactivity of oxide-metal interfaces. Correlations of catalytic reaction and surface science studies are providing new concepts and models of heterogeneous catalysis.
Polypyrrole - A Potential Candidate for Stimulated Nerve Regeneration

The proposed research is aimed at gaining a fundamental understanding of in vitro nerve cell-biomaterials interactions, with the immediate goal of engineering materials to specifically enhance expression of the neuronal phenotype. Long term goals include (1) optimizing the innervation (connection) of the host neurons with implanted bioartificial tissue constructs and, (2) facilitating the regeneration of damaged peripheral and central nerves. In this study, the interactions of neuronal like PC-12 cells with the electrically conducting polymer, polypyrrole, (PP) have been investigated. It has been shown by quantitative image analysis that neurite extensions of PC-12 cells are more pronounced on PP surfaces as compared to tissue culture polystyrene. Application of an electrical stimulus to cells cultured on PP film significantly increased (based on morphological evaluation) the expression of neuntes in these cells compared to controls. Tissue compatibility and transected sciatic nerve regeneration studies in rat models show that PP films invoke little negative response and support nerve regeneration.
High-Reynolds Number Active Blowing Semi-Span Force Measurement System Development (Revisited)

Recent wind-tunnel tests at the NASA Langley Research Center National Transonic Facility utilized high-pressure bellows to route air to the semi-span model for evaluating aircraft circulation control testing techniques. The introduction of these bellows within the Sidewall Model Support System impacted the performance of the sidewall mounted force measurement system. A capability has been developed to facilitate system-level calibrations that characterize the performance of the force measurement system under influence of static pressure tare and thermal effects. From the highest system-level perspective, the aerodynamic research being conducted using this system would benefit from a system-level calibration at conditions that most accurately simulate test like operating conditions. Detail is given on the recent improvements and design modifications to improve performance and calibration of the system, and recommendations for future improvements. Experimental data from recent testing using the force measurement system is presented, with the results supporting the necessity for future system enhancements in order to improve system performance.
Multiple Second-Messenger System Modulation of Voltage-Activated Calcium Currents in Teleost Retinal Horizontal Cells

Pfeiffer-Linn, Cindy L. and Eric M. Lasater. Multiple second-messenger system modulation of voltage-activated calcium currents in teleost retinal horizontal cells. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 377–388, 199...
Clinical outcomes in overweight heart transplant recipients.

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the impact of patient weight on heart transplant (HT) outcomes. Objectives Nine outcomes were compared in 2 groups of HT recipients (N = 347) based on their mean body mass index (BMI) during the first 3 years post-HT. Methods Group 1 consisted of 108 non-overweight patients (BMI Results Non-overweight patients had shorter survival, were re-hospitalized more days after the HT discharge, and had more lymphoma and severe renal dysfunction. Overweight patients had more CAV, steroid-induced diabetes, and acute rejections. Conclusions Overweight HT patients had better survival, but more rejections, CAV, and diabetes. Non-overweight HT patients had worse survival, plus more re-hospitalization time, lymphoma, and renal dysfunction.
The Project for the Renovation of the 1025t/h Semi-bituminous Coal Boil Combustion with Lignite

Focusing on the insufficient coal in Tong Hua.This paper proposed a inert and dryness system for 2×1 025 t/h type boilers,it suggested to mix the warm flue gas from reversing chamber and tempering air into the coal pulverizing system and to put the double pass pulverized coal burner into horizontal dense and lean burner.The intending renovation resualt is that the O2 was put down to 16 % in the end of the coal pulverizing system,and controal the powder tempearture at 100 ℃.This solution can solve various problems of the semi-bituminous boiler mixing lignite in the bin and feeder coal pulverizing system,such as coal powder explosion,insufficient drying and undercapacity etc.It is indicated that the performance of the power plants have been enhanced and the mixing ratio of lignite is up to 50 %.It can solve the problem of the diversity between semi-bituminous and lignite,this solution can meet both the coals or only semi-bituminous for the boiler.
An efficient foaming agent——foam performance and application of teasaponin

Natural tea saponin is made from agricultural by-product.Its foam performances such as foaming rate、antiacid、antibase、salt and oil resistance and dewatering capabilities are studied by the methods of Ross-Miles、Waring Blender stirring and gas flow.The agent is compared with other surfactants(eg OP、SDS、AES etc)in the same experimental conditions.The result shows natural tea saponin is an excellent foaming a-gent with good foam stability、high foaming rate and great dewatering capability.
Analysis of simple obesity children's constitution and health status

Objective To explore effects of simple obesity on children's constitution and health status,provide theoretical basis for the prevention and early intervention in simple obesity. Methods Combined with requirements of "national student physical health standard" of the Ministry of Education and State Sports General Administration,according to Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),constitution and health status of 103 cases simple obesity children and 102 cases normal children were comparative analysed. Results 1)The body shape indexes included body mass index,chest circumference,skinfold thickness in obese children were significantly higher than those in proportion group.2)Vital capacity body mass index of physiological in obesity group was lower than those in proportion group.3)In the physical quality target,standing long jump,solid ball,sit-and-reach and grip strength index of obesity group were lower than those in proportion group.Obesity group spent more time than proportion group on 25m×2shuttle run.4)Psychological quality and social adaptation ability of obesity group were lower than those of proportion group.5)Comprehensive evaluation of physique health indexes,the excellent and good rate and compliance rate of obesity group were 11.7% and 67.0%,proportion group were 59.8% and 91.2%. Conclusion Simple obesity significantly affects children physical shape,physiological function,physical,psychological quality and social adaptation ability,and it is harmful to the healthy growth of children,so medical and educational worker should pay close attention to it.
Effect of glucose on beta cell proliferation and population size in organ culture of foetal and neonatal rat pancreases

The effect of glucose on growth of the beta cell population was characterized in rat pancreatic organ culture. The effect was monitored by measuring [3H]thymidine labelling indices of beta cells during the culture period and by quantitation of beta cell population size at the end of the culture period. Foetal and neonatal pancreases and different glucose levels were compared. Glucose was found to be effective in stimulating the beta cell proliferation and beta cell population increase at 300 mg/100 ml in 18-day foetal pancreatic explants, but not in 3-day neonatal explants, when compared to the control level of 1OOmg/1OOml. A higher level of glucose (500 mg/100 ml) was ineffective and may even inhibit beta cell population growth. The higher than control levels of glucose (300 mg/100 ml and 500 mg/100 ml) were able to stimulate insulin secretion in neonatal tissue, but not in foetal tissue, although foetal tissue may develop such response later in culture. These results suggest that glucose stimulates beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion through different mechanisms. They further show that the potentiality for beta cell proliferation under glucose stimulation decreases with age of the explants and that the capacity for beta cell to proliferate as a function of glucose stimulation is limited.
Regular (Judicial) Order as Equity: The Enduring Value of the Distinct Judicial Role

Inaugural Harold E. Kohn Lecture delivered at the Temple University Beasley School of Law, on October 9, 2014.
The Effect of Axial Motion on the Wake of a Cylinder in Steady Uniform Flow

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the influence of a steady streamwise vorticity component on the formation and structure of the wake vortices. The streamwise component of vorticity is created by the axial motion of a cylinder in a steady uniform flow. The direction of the motion controls the sign of the streamwise vorticity. These experiments can serve as a simplified model for flows in which a spanwise component of flow is important, such as towed cables, swept wings, and yawed bodies.
Fluid kinetics following thermal burns in man; a preliminary report.

Abstract 1.1. Certain fluid kinetics have been studied in ten patients whose burns exceeded 15 per cent of body-surface areas. 2.2. The observations and measurements performed included the clinical course, fluid intake, urinary output, body weights, urinary sodium excretion, right heart and pulmonary arterial pressures, and measurements of cardiac output by means of the ballistocardiograph, dye, and direct Fick methods. 3.3. The three methods for the clinical measurement of cardiac output are compared. Early results indicate a fairly good correlation between the values obtained in normal subjects by the three methods. Cardiac output values obtained in burn patients have been above the lower limits of normal. 4.4. The dye method for measuring cardiac output is particularly suited to clinical use. 5.5. Evidence is presented which indicates that burn patients may be overtreated with fluids. This further substantiates the well-recognized fact that after the first forty-eight to seventy-two hours the amount of fluid and electrolyte administered to burn patients should be sharply reduced. 6.6. In the most severely burned patients that we have studied, there has been a tendency for the diuresis to begin on the fifth to the seventh day and to be completed on the thirteenth to the sixteenth day. There was a concomitant sodium and water diuresis in the one patient placed on a partial sodium balance study. 7.7. The rate of insensible fluid loss varies considerably from one burn patient to another and in the same patient from day to day. 8.8. Pulmonary and right-heart pressures were not abnormal in three burn patients so studied. 9.9. It is perhaps worth re-emphasizing that the systolic blood pressure, used in conjunction with the urinary output, is still a most useful guide to fluid therapy in severely burned patients.
An Exploratory Assessment of Potentially Useful Types of Prepurchase Information to Consumers of Legal Services

The advertising of legal services appears as if it is here to stay (Griffith, 1978). Recent judicial action (Bates & O’Steen vs. State Bar of Arizona, 1977) has paved the way for increased usage of the advertising mode of communication for lawyers and. other “learned” professionals (see, for example, U.S. vs. American Pharmaceutical Association,1975). This state of affairs has necessitated the need for thoughtful empirical research into the area of marketing professional services.
The Influence of Latina/o Greek Sorority and Fraternity Involvement on Latina/o College Student Transition and Success

This article presents and analyzes data from Moreno (2012) and Sanchez's (2011) studies on the academic and social experiences of Latina/o college students involved in Latina/o Greek-letter organizations. Each study found that students gained peer support and motivation upon joining Latina/o-based sororities and fraternities and that these factors were essential to the retention and success of the participants. Furthermore, data from Moreno (2012) and Sanchez's (2011) studies suggests that Latina/o sororities and fraternities provide a sense of belonging on campus and empower students to become more involved in leadership roles within the organization and throughout the campus and community. The data featured in this article emphasize the need for institutional support and more research on Latina/o college students involved in Latina/o Greek-letter organizations in the U.S. and abroad.
Bacterial bloodstream infections in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients before and after implementation of a central line-associated bloodstream infection protocol: A single-center experience.

Introduction There are only few reports describing the influence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention strategies on the incidence of bacterial bloodstream infections (BBSIs). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study among pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) to assess potential changes in BBSI rates during 3 time periods: pre-CLABSI prevention era (era 1, 2004-2005), CLABSI prevention implementation era (era 2, 2006-2009), and maintenance of CLABSI prevention era (era 3, 2010-2012). BBSI from day 0-365 following allo-HCT were studied. The comparison of person-years incidence rates among different periods was carried out by Poisson regression analysis. Results The mean age of patients was 10.0 years. During the study period, 126 (65%) of 190 patients had at least a single BBSI. From day 0-30, day 31-100, day 101-180, and day 181-365, 20%, 28%, 30%, and 17% of patients, respectively, experienced BBSIs. The rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative pathogens significantly declined from 3.16-0.93 and 6.32-2.21 per 100 person-months during era 1 and era 3, respectively (P = .001). Conclusions Patients undergoing allo-HCT during era 3 were associated with decreased risk of BBSI (P = .012). Maintenance of CLABSI protocols by nursing staff and appropriate education of other care providers is essential to lower incidence of BBSI in this high-risk population, and further strategies to decrease infection burden should be studied.
Affect Transfer and the Evaluation of Political Candidates

Previous chapters have documented uncontrolled and momentary effects of positive and negative feelings and group cues on the expression of snap judgments for a variety of political objects, including candidates, parties and groups, ideas, and issues. We now turn to a somewhat different question concerning the “downstream” effects of implicit cues on political information processing. Much of the import of our theory derives from the contention that early influences, even small and substantively irrelevant ones, will propagate through subsequent information processing by providing motivation, setting direction, and altering the accessibility of considerations in memory for downstream thought processes. In this chapter we focus on how information presented both implicitly and explicitly influences how people form and update their impressions of political candidates. In two studies, we experimentally manipulate the similarity between a participant and a fictional politician by matching the participant's responses from a preexperimental questionnaire to the positions the candidate takes in a news article (one version reprinted in Appendix 5A at the end of this chapter). Because similarity is both a strong and uncontroversial predictor of candidate preference and voting behavior – indeed, it is the driving force behind spatial and directional models of electoral competition – we fully expect similarity to foster positive candidate evaluations while dissimilarity should promote more negative evaluations.
Robust scheduling strategies for collaborative human-UAV missions

Resource allocation in collaborative human-UAV missions has become an important research area in recent years. Traditional deterministic strategies for task scheduling, such as job-shop schemes, can lead to poor performance, since these strategies fail to account for human cognitive requirements or behavioral uncertainty. In response, we present a flexible mixed-integer linear programming framework that can potentially address both of these issues in finite horizon scheduling applications. Specifically, we illustrate how cognitive workload constraints can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear program, and introduce robustness to uncertain processing times through the use of scenarios. We explore the modularity and utility of this simple framework by introducing additional layers of complexity, including receding horizon planning and adaptive estimation. Throughout the discussion, we use simulation studies to discuss the functionality of these algorithms, as well as various issues regarding practical implementation.
Delineating the TGF-β/Smad-Induced Cytostatic Response

TGF-β potently inhibits cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. It exerts the antiproliferative response through inhibition of G1 CDK activities. Smads play key roles in mediating the TGF-β growth-inhibitory response. Smads downregulate the expression of the protooncogene product c-Myc and inhibitor of differentiation Id (Id1, Id2, and Id3) and upregulate the expression of CDK inhibitors p15 and p21. The mechanisms for TGF-β/Smad antiproliferative response vary considerably from one cell type to another. The intensity of the TGF-β cytostatic effect is dependent on a combinatorial nature. The cytostatic effect of TGF-β/Smad is a crucial guardian for tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, TGF-β and Smads are tumor suppressors during early stages of tumorigenesis. Understanding of the TGF-β/Smad cytostatic program is important for better preventing and treating cancers
Comparative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in elderly patients with diabetes.

AbstractObjective: To compare the relative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among elderly patients with diabetes regarding acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, repeat revascularization, and all-cause mortality.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2006–2008 5% national sample of Medicare claims data. Elderly (≥65 years) beneficiaries with at least two claims of diabetes separated by ≥30 days and who had at least one inpatient claim for multi-vessel CABG or PCI between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2008 were identified. The date of beneficiary’s first CABG or PCI was defined as the index date. All patients were followed from the index date to 31 December 2008 for outcomes. CABG and PCI patients were 1:1 matched on propensity scores and index dates. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare postoperative outcomes between patients undergoing CABG versus PCI.Results: The matched sample consisted of 4430 pati...
Push-button verification of file systems via crash refinement

The file system is an essential operating system component for persisting data on storage devices. Writing bug-free file systems is non-trivial, as they must correctly implement and maintain complex on-disk data structures even in the presence of system crashes and reorderings of disk operations.This paper presents Yggdrasil, a toolkit for writing file systems with push-button verification: Yggdrasil requires no manual annotations or proofs about the implementation code, and it produces a counterexample if there is a bug. Yggdrasil achieves this automation through a novel definition of file system correctness called crash refinement, which requires the set of possible disk states produced by an implementation (including states produced by crashes) to be a subset of those allowed by the specification. Crash refinement is amenable to fully automated satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) reasoning, and enables developers to implement file systems in a modular way for verification.With Yggdrasil, we have implemented and verified the Yxv6 journaling file system, the Ycp file copy utility, and the Ylog persistent log. Our experience shows that the ease of proof and counterexample-based debugging support make Yggdrasil practical for building reliable storage applications.
ART and ART Token in Tests Involving ART Evaluation

Unless they live near major museums, or are professional art historians, most art viewers look at (and evaluate) “reproductions” or other forms of art tokens far more frequently than they look at (and evaluate) original art objects. Hence the present use of a broad variety of tokens in psychological tests involving artistic or visual values is neither surprising nor incommensurable with cultural norms. The nature of the art token, its function as a test variable, suggested controls, and the degree of generalization which can be correctly inferred from any test involving tokens are examined.
The Perfect and Famous Anesthetic Known as Methyl in Boston in 1895

Abstract Extravagant claims were made for proprietary dental anesthetics in Boston, MA, in the late 1800s. For instance, in 1883, Urial K. Mayo introduced an inhaled Vegetable Anaesthetic comprised of nitrous oxide that had been uselessly pretreated with botanical material. This misguided concept may have been inspired by homeopathy, but it was also in line with the earlier false belief of Elton R. Smilie, Charles T. Jackson, and William T.G. Morton that sulfuric ether could volatilize opium at room temperature. In 1895, the Dental Methyl Company advertised an agent they called Methyl, a supposedly perfect topical anesthetic for painless dental extraction. The active ingredient was probably chloroform. Anesthetic humbug did not cease in Boston on Ether Day of October 16, 1846.
Case 1: Concurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Vulvar Ulcers in a Teenage Girl.

1. Jamie Chu, MD* 2. Alicia Genisca, MD* 3. Brent Kaziny, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics–Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX A 13-year-old previously healthy white girl presents to the emergency department (ED) with 6 days of worsening cough and sore throat, 5 days of fever (highest temperature 102.5°F [39.2°C]), and painful red papules that have progressed to deep ulcers on her labia minora (Fig 1). The sores are painful to the touch, with worse pain during urination. The patient denies sexual activity, urinary frequency or urgency, pruritus, or hematuria. The last time she shaved her genital region was several months earlier. At symptom onset, she had several episodes of dizziness, with standing as well as nonbilious, nonbloody emesis, which have now resolved. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been given for fever. Miconazole and zinc oxide creams were used for the vulvar symptoms and did not help. She saw her primary pediatrician 2 days ago and a laboratory evaluation was performed, but the parents do not know the results. Figure 1. Photographs of the patient’s initial genitourinary examination. Red arrows indicate the ulcerative lesions. On arrival at the ED the patient’s temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 106/65 mm Hg, heart rate is 111 beats/min, and respiratory …
Motility Disorders of the Esophagus and Spontaneous Rupture of the Esophagus

The disease processes discussed here are selected rather arbitrarily as a vast variety of diseases and lesions may and do affect esophageal motility and sphincteric function. This chapter will be restricted to a consideration of disease processes affecting the esophageal and pharyngeal swallowing mechanisms, to neurogenic disorders of peristalsis and of the lower esophageal sphincter, and to certain disease processes associated with motility disturbances not elsewhere discussed.
Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages

The twelve papers in this proceedings represent original historical perspectives on programming languages that span at least five different programming paradigms and communities: object-oriented, functional, reactive, parallel, and scripting. At the time of the conference, the programming languages community continues to create broader mini-histories of each of those paradigms at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOPL
p-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Reactivity with oxygen.

Abstract p-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, a flavoprotein isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens, was anaerobically reduced and its reoxidation reactions with O2 studied with a stopped flow spectrophotometer. All effectors of this enzyme which stimulate its TPNH oxidase activity were found also to affect its reactivity with O2. Both the rates of reaction and the binding constant for O2 were enhanced by the effectors. During the reoxidation of the enzyme complexed with the substrate effector, p-hydroxybenzoate, a rapidly formed oxygenated-intermediate is observed. This intermediate is analogous to the oxygenated intermediate previously seen in the presence of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, another substrate effector (Spector, T., and Massey, V. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 5632–5636). It is believed that these intermediates are a hydroperoxide form of the flavin prosthetic group and are catalytic species that are produced prior to hydroxylation. When the reduced enzyme was reoxidized in its uncomplexed form, or complexed with a nonsubstrate effector (i.e. a compound which stimulates the TPNH oxidase activity but is not hydroxylated), no spectral intermediates were detected.
Abstract P303: Clinically Recognized Varicose Veins and Physical Function in Older Individuals: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background: Varicose veins recently attract attention in medical community due to its high prevalence and potential impact on major clinical consequences like deep venous thrombosis. Also, a few sm...
A Deep Learning Pipeline for Automatic Skull Stripping and Brain Segmentation

A deep learning pipeline (DLP) with a triple network framework was developed to perform skull stripping and segment the brain into gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using T1w Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Three separate 3D Dense-Unets were designed to decompose the complex skull stripping and brain segmentation problems into individual binary segmentation problems to segment a particular label using a 32x32x32 patch based approach. These included a skull stripping network to obtain the brain mask (BM), GW-net to segment gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and CSF-net to segment cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The networks consisted of seven dense blocks with each block containing four layers. Every layer was connected to every other layer in that dense block. Each layer consisted of four sublayers namely, BatchNormalization, 3D Convolution, ReLu and dropout. As a part of the iTAKL study [1], 785 T1w MR datasets including 288 high school (14-18 years) and 497 youth (9-13 years) datasets were used. On the evaluation dataset of 50 held-out subjects, dice scores of (a) 0.980, 0.92, 0.94 and 0.845 for BM, GM, WM and CSF respectively on down sampled data, and (b) 0.983, 0.9103, 0.9277 and 0.83 for BM, GM, WM and CSF respectively on the full resolution data were achieved. The pipeline was then tested on datasets from the AADHS study and 5 other studies from the Human Connectome project (HCP) [2, 3] with comparable performance.
Urban Heat and Livability

The rapidly changing climate is a crisis that, at its core, challenges many of the systems that support human habitation in cities, where the majority of people now live. The local effects of our destabilizing climate are most profound through extreme events, and heat waves are the most notorious for killing more people than all other natural disasters combined. In places like Doha, Qatar, where ambient temperatures can reach upward of 50 °C, will, by necessity, be at the forefront of adaptation strategies to improve livability through mediating extreme heat. Even though the region has long considered extreme heat in planning urban development, increasing temperatures require further reformulation of planning and development systems to accommodate new questions relevant to livability. This chapter provides a description of the relationship between rapidly growing urban regions, such as Doha, and the relationship between the built environment and human livability.