cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baseline fibrinolytic state and the risk of future venous thrombosis. A prospective study of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor.

BACKGROUNDAlthough isolated abnormalities of plasminogen activation and inhibition have been reported among selected patients with venous thrombosis, it is unclear whether these deficiencies of fibrinolysis are important risk factors for thromboembolic disease.METHODS AND RESULTSTo evaluate whether baseline levels of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) predict the future occurrence of venous thrombosis, levels of these proteins were measured in prospectively collected plasma samples from 55 participants in the Physicians' Health Study who later developed deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and from an equal number of age- and smoking-matched control subjects who remained free of vascular disease during a mean follow-up period of 60.2 months. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between case patients and control subjects in baseline levels of PAI-1 (50.5 versus 59.5 ng/ml, p = 0.26), t-PA (13.4 versus 13.3 n...
Computation of turbine flowfields with a Navier-Stokes code

A new technique has been developed for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical technique, derived from a pressure substitution method (PSM), overcomes many of the deficiencies of the pressure crrection method. This technique allows for the direct solution of the actual pressure in the form of a Poisson equation which is derived from the pressure weighted substitution of the full momentum equations into the continuity equation. In two-dimensions a turbine flowfield, including heat transfer, has been computed with this method and the prediction of the cascade performance is presented. The extension of the pressure correction method for the solution of three-dimensional flows is also presented for laminar flow in an S-shaped duct and turbulent flow in the end-wall region of a turbine cascade.
Candidate genes for cannabis use disorders: findings, challenges and directions.

Aim Twin studies have shown that cannabis use disorders (abuse/dependence) are highly heritable. This review aims to: (i) review existing linkage studies of cannabis use disorders and (ii) review gene association studies, to identify potential candidate genes, including those that have been tested for composite substance use disorders and (iii) to highlight challenges in the genomic study of cannabis use disorders. Methods Peer‐reviewed linkage and candidate gene association studies are reviewed. Results Four linkage studies are reviewed: results from these have homed in on regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 9, 14, 17 and 18, which harbor candidates of predicted biological relevance, such as monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) on chromosome 3, but also novel genes, including ELTD1[epidermal growth factor (EGF), latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain containing 1] on chromosome 1. Gene association studies are presented for (a) genes posited to have specific influences on cannabis use disorders: CNR1, CB2, FAAH, MGLL, TRPV1 and GPR55 and (b) genes from various neurotransmitter systems that are likely to exert a non‐specific influence on risk of cannabis use disorders, e.g. GABRA2, DRD2 and OPRM1. Conclusions There are challenges associated with (i) understanding biological complexity underlying cannabis use disorders (including the need to study gene–gene and gene–environment interactions), (ii) using diagnostic versus quantitative phenotypes, (iii) delineating which stage of cannabis involvement (e.g. use versus misuse) genes influence and (iv) problems of sample ascertainment.
Systemic Artery-to-Pulmonary Artery Fistula: A New Therapeutic Approach

A patient with systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulae is described. Historically, all therapy of this type of lesion has been surgical. We describe a new mode of treatment, therapeutic embolization, which obviates surgical intervention and its attendant risks. Embolization is an alternative to surgery that should be considered in selected cases.
Nonlinear dynamics in flow through unsaturated fractured porous media: Status and perspectives

[1] The need has long been recognized to improve predictions of flow and transport in partially saturated heterogeneous soils and fractured rock of the vadose zone for many practical applications, such as remediation of contaminated sites, nuclear waste disposal in geological formations, and climate predictions. Until recently, flow and transport processes in heterogeneous subsurface media with oscillating irregularities were assumed to be random and were not analyzed using methods of nonlinear dynamics. The goals of this paper are to review the theoretical concepts, present the results, and provide perspectives on investigations of flow and transport in unsaturated heterogeneous soils and fractured rock, using the methods of nonlinear dynamics and deterministic chaos. The results of laboratory and field investigations indicate that the nonlinear dynamics of flow and transport processes in unsaturated soils and fractured rocks arise from the dynamic feedback and competition between various nonlinear physical processes along with complex geometry of flow paths. Although direct measurements of variables characterizing the individual flow processes are not technically feasible, their cumulative effect can be characterized by analyzing time series data using the models and methods of nonlinear dynamics and chaos. Identifying flow through soil or rock as a nonlinear dynamical system is important for developing appropriate short- and long-time predictive models, evaluating prediction uncertainty, assessing the spatial distribution of flow characteristics from time series data, and improving chemical transport simulations. Inferring the nature of flow processes through the methods of nonlinear dynamics could become widely used in different areas of the earth sciences.
Prediction of Incompressible Flow in Labyrinth Seals

A new approach was developed and tested for alleviating the substantial convergence difficulty which results from implementation of the QUICK differencing scheme into a TEACH-type computer code. It is relatively simple, and the resulting CPU time and number of numerical iterations required to obtain a solution compare favorably with a previously recommended method. This approach has been employed in developing a computer code for calculating the pressure drop for a specified incompressible flow leakage rate in a labyrinth seal. The numerical model is widely applicable and does not require an estimate of the kinetic energy carry-over coefficient for example, whose value is often uncertain. Good agreement with measurements is demonstrated for both straight-through and stepped labyrinths. These new detailed results are examined, and several suggestions are offered for the advancement of simple analytical leakage as well as rotordynamic stability models.
Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ in EuCl3.6H2O

The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of Gd3+ in EuCl3.6H2O, with 1/250 dilution of Gd/Eu ions, has been studied with an X-band spectrometer at 295 K, 79 K and 1.60 K. The low temperature data was used to determine the signs of parameters. In particular, the following values for the g-tensor and the zero-field splitting parameter b20 were obtained: at 295 K, gzz = 1.992 ± 0.005, gzz = 2.000 ± 0.005, gyy = 1.994 ± 0.005, b20 = 1.876 ± 0.01 5 GHz; at 79 K gzz = 1.992 ± 0.005, gxx = 1.990 ± 0.005, b20 = 1.950 ± 0.015 GHz; at 1.60 K gzz = 1.99 ± 0.01, gxx = 1.99 ± 0.01, b20 = 1.95 ± 0.03 GHz. The values of other parameters were also determined. From the angular variation of spectrum in the ZX plane the angle α0, which the Z axis makes with the a vector of the unit cell, was determined to be 64.00 ± 0.25°. Estimates were also made of the extent of admixture of the excited 6P72 state with the ground state 8S72.
Regiochemically defined alkyl substituted polythiophenes

Abstract Poly-3-methylthiophene with a well defined 3,3′ substitution pattern has been synthesized. The polymer was obtained by electrochemical polymerization of the 3,3′ methyl-substituted bithiophene and its conductivity and spectroscopic properties were determined. The results are compared to the polymethylthiophene obtained electrochemically from 3-methylthiophene and analyzed in view of the stereochemical effect of the substituents on the polymer's conformation.
Effects of diluents and mixing on nitric oxide from fuel-nitrogen species in diffusion flames

Mixtures of CH 4 , H 2 , and various diluents were doped (mostly with pyridine) and burnt off Mache-Hebra nozzles as diffusion flames in excess air. The yield of NO from fuel-N was independent of nozzle size and flow velocity as long as the flames remained laminar, but increased abruptly at the onset of turbulence. The yield was increased by inert diluents. Manipulations which increased the yield of NO from fuel-N decreased the amount of NO formed from N 2 . These findings suggest that, given time enough in very rich parts of the flame, fuel-N converts to form little NO and much N 2 . But if fuel-N does not convert in very rich gas (because the temperature is lowered by inert diluents, or because of rapid turbulent mixing) it escapes into regions which are not so rich, and gives a larger yield of NO when it does convert. The interpretation is consistent with composition traverses through laminar flames. It can be put on a quantitative basis by recently published relations between the conversion time of fuel-N in rich gases, the yield of NO, and the local temperature and equivalence ratio. Putting the observed yields of NO into the relations, one finds that the characteristic conversion time of fuel-N is always of order one millisecond in the laminar flames. Conversely, assuming a constant conversion time of one millisecond, one can predict the yield of NO in laminar flames fairly well.
Questioning-Responding Skills and Social Studies Content in Cooperative, Competitive, and Independent Learning Environments.

One hundred twenty-eight 5th and 6th grade subjects were randomly assigned among six treatments constituted from two instructional conditions (either receiving instruction on recognizing and genera...
Three-body forces and many-body dynamics

Conventional many-body quantum theory considers, as a rule, a system of particles in the mean field interacting through two-body forces. Recently it was suggested that in nuclear physics many-body forces, first of all three-body ones, are important for saturation of nuclear matter and for many details of nuclear structure. We consider possible influence of three-body forces, regardless of their origin (bare nucleon interactions or effective medium phenomena), on many-body dynamics. The new effects include, but are not limited to, renormalization of pairing and other two-body forces, enhancement of anharmonicity for collective modes, and special features of shell model calculations.
Bifurcation Trees of Periodic Motions to Chaos in a Parametric, Quadratic Nonlinear Oscillator

In this paper, bifurcation trees of periodic motions to chaos in a parametric oscillator with quadratic nonlinearity are investigated analytically as one of the simplest parametric oscillators. The analytical solutions of periodic motions in such a parametric oscillator are determined through the finite Fourier series, and the corresponding stability and bifurcation analyses for periodic motions are completed. Nonlinear behaviors of such periodic motions are characterized through frequency–amplitude curves of each harmonic term in the finite Fourier series solution. From bifurcation analysis of the analytical solutions, the bifurcation trees of periodic motion to chaos are obtained analytically, and numerical illustrations of periodic motions are presented through phase trajectories and analytical spectrum. This investigation shows period-1 motions exist in parametric nonlinear systems and the corresponding bifurcation trees to chaos exist as well.
Presentation of the Roebling Medal for 2008 of the Mineralogical Society of America to Bernard W. Evans

It is my honor and pleasure to introduce Bernard Evans as this year’s recipient of the Roebling Medal. In his quest to investigate how mineral chemistry and structure can be used to understand lithospheric evolution, Bernard has made fundamental contributions for 50 years, and is a former recipient, in 1970, of the MSA award. A brief synopsis of the highlights of Bernard’s research over the years must include mention of his classic work on muscovite breakdown and aluminosilicate phase equilibria, accomplished during his years as a postdoc and professor at Berkeley in the 1960s. At that time, Bernard was a pioneer in developing the electron microprobe for use in petrologic studies, transforming the fields of mineralogy and petrology and making possible the important advances in applications of phase equilibria that soon followed, as well as many firsts in microanalysis of minerals. Although Bernard subsequently became well known as a …
Absence of parallel forms for the traditional individual intelligence tests

The issue of the absence of parallel forms for the traditional individual intelligence tests has received little attention in the area of psychological testing ever since the early demise of the Wechsler Bellevue Form II and the delayed discontinuance of Form M of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Five reasons have been presented here to argue that the availability of parallel forms could have both theoretical and practical benefits, especially if the constructors of individual ability and/or achievement tests employ the recent advances in item response theory and computer technology.
Polarization state evolution and eigenmode switching in photorefractive BSO

Abstract In dealing with the problem of the passage of polarized light through birefringent and optically active media, a simple planar graphic representation of the state of light polarization is introduced. Using this representation, the polarization state evolution is studied of both transmitted and diffracted waves in a two-wave mixing experiment using a crystal of bismuth silicon oxide (Bi 12 SiO 20 ). Examples are given when the input incident polarization is a linearly polarized wave, an eigenmade and a circularly polarized wave, assuming a single diffracted beam and an undepleted readout beam. The possibility of eigenmode switching is analyzed. Finally, an experiment is performed to follow the evolution of the output polarization versus the applied field that allows one to find the eigenwaves of propagation.
Where does return and volatility come from? The case of Asian ETFs

Abstract We analyze return and volatility of Asian iShares traded in the U.S. The difference in trading schedules between the U.S. and Asia offers a unique market setting that allows us to distinguish various return and volatility sources. We find Asian ETFs have higher overnight volatility than daytime volatility, explained by public information released during each local market's trading session. Local Asian markets also play an important role in determining each Asian ETF return. Nonetheless, returns for these funds are highly correlated with U.S. markets, indicative of the effects of investor sentiment and location of trade. Finally, returns in the U.S. market Granger-cause returns in all six Asian markets are analyzed.
Organizational Behavior: Coping with Difficult Co-Workers

Abstract This article discusses the need for students to learn to recognize and to cope with difficult co-workers. Although human relations skills are taught in most business classrooms, little attention is paid to the human relations skills needed in dealing with peers who exhibit difficult or disturbed behavior. This article describes a few types of personalities that exhibit difficult or disturbed behavior and offers suggestions for coping with these personalities. Further, the discussion leads the reader in learning methods of handling some of the difficult situations in which workers may find themselves. Through this discussion, the reader is learning management skills that are effective in any problematic human relations situation.
A directly-dissociative stepwise reaction mechanism for gas-phase peroxyacetic acid

Abstract The dissociation of peroxyacetic acid (PAA, CH3C(O)OOH) was studied by UV laser photolysis in the gas phase under collision-free conditions. Three pathways are proposed for PAA dissociation that ultimately produce CH3 + CO2 + OH. Two pathways are stepwise with sequential bond dissociation and the other pathway is concerted with simultaneous fission of the same bonds. The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum of OH was analyzed after 266 and 240 nm photolysis of PAA. OH is produced in the 2Π ground electronic state with no vibrational energy ( v ″ = 0 ) and rotational distributions that peak at N″ ≈ 3–4 and extend to N″ = 11 at both photolysis wavelengths. Spin-orbit population ratios of the ground electronic state were slightly above unity for both studies. The average OH Λ-doublet ratio was 1.07 ± 0.14 after 266 nm photolysis, which indicates that OH is produced by torsional forces. At 240 nm PAA photolysis, the Λ-doublet ratio increased from unity at N″ = 4 to a statistical value of ∼2 at N″ = 11. Average OH translational energies determined from Doppler profiles were 34 ± 2 and 43 ± 2 kcal mol−1 at 266 and 240 nm photolysis, respectively. The average speed of OH is used to determine the total translational energy of products for the proposed stepwise and concerted pathways. The calculated total translational energies are compared to thermochemical available energy calculations for each pathway to determine the viability of the reactions. Experimental results indicate that dissociation occurs from an excited state, so a comparison of 266 and 240 nm photolysis data is made to discover the direct versus indirect nature of the mechanism. The UV spectra of PAA, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and methylhydroperoxide are reviewed in light of the results. This study concludes that PAA photolysis occurs through initial stepwise O O bond dissociation by a directly-dissociative mechanism from a highly-repulsive electronic state like the hydroperoxides and an indirect mechanism from an exit channel barrier similar to acetic acid is not accessed at these wavelengths.
Construction of Chimeric Enzymes out of Maize Endosperm Branching Enzymes I and II: ACTIVITY AND PROPERTIES

Branching enzyme I and II isoforms from maize endosperm (mBE I and mBE II, respectively) have quite different properties, and to elucidate the domain(s) that determines the differences, chimeric genes consisting of part mBE I and part mBE II were constructed. When expressed under the control of the T7 promoter in Escherichia coli, several of the chimeric enzymes were inactive. The only fully active chimeric enzyme was mBE II-IBspHI, in which the carboxyl-terminal part of mBE II was exchanged for that of mBE I at a BspHI restriction site and was purified to homogeneity and characterized. Another chimeric enzyme, mBE I-II HindIII, in which the amino-terminal end of mBE II was replaced with that of mBE I, had very little activity and was only partially characterized. The purified mBE II-I BspHI exhibited higher activity than wild-type mBE I and mBE II when assayed by the phosphorylase a stimulation assay. mBE II-IBspHI had substrate specificity (preference for amylose rather than amylopectin) and catalytic capacity similar to mBE I, despite the fact that only the carboxyl terminus was from mBE I, suggesting that the carboxyl terminus may be involved in determining substrate specificity and catalytic capacity. In chain transfer experiments, mBE II-I BspHI transferred more short chains (with a degree of polymerization of around 6) in a fashion similar to mBE II. In contrast, mBE I-II HindIII transferred more long chains (with a degree of polymerization of around 11–12), similar to mBE I, suggesting that the amino terminus of mBEs may play a role in the size of oligosaccharide chain transferred. This study challenges the notion that the catalytic centers for branching enzymes are exclusively located in the central portion of the enzyme; it suggests instead that the amino and carboxyl termini may also be involved in determining substrate preference, catalytic capacity, and chain length transfer.
Taxol and ionizing radiation: interaction and mechanisms.

Abstract Purpose : Taxol has been shown to be clinically active against several types of human tumors. To assess the potential oncogenic effect of taxol, the in vitro cytotoxic and oncogenic transforming effects of taxol, either alone or in combination with γ-irradiation were examined. Methods and Materials : Exponentially growing mouse C3H 10 1 2 cells were treated with taxol with or without concurrent γ-irradiation. After treatment, cultures were replated for both clonogenic survival and transformation assays. To determine the effects of taxol on cell cycle kinetics, treated cells were concurrently labelled with bromodeoxyuridine coupled with fluorescein. Accumulated mitotic cells were isolated by the shake-off technique and their plating efficiency and radiosensitivity were determined. Results : Taxon induced a dose dependent toxicity in sol10 T 1 2 cells. In contrast to human tumor cells in culture, mitotic block induced by a 100 nM dose of taxol in 10 T 1 2 cells was only partial. While taxol was ineffective in transformant induction, it enhanced the oncogenic transforming potential of γ-rays in a supra-additive manner. The fact that ∼ 15% of taxol-induced mitotic cells were clonogenically viable and at a cell cycle stage that was most radiosensitive suggests a mechanistic basis for the observed enhancement in transformation incidence by ionizing radiation. Conclusion : Taxol enhances the oncogenicity of radiation by partially blocking the 10 T 1 2 cells in G2/M phases of the cell cycle, phases that are most sensitive to radiation induced opcogenic transformation.
Loss of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Protects from Hepatic Steatosis by Repression of Cell Death-inducing DNA Fragmentation Factor A (DFFA)-like Effector C (CIDEC)/Fat-specific Protein 27

The integration of metabolic signals required for the regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis is complex. Previously, we showed that mice lacking expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) have increased fatty acid oxidation and are protected from the development of hepatic steatosis. Here, we show that leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice lacking MKP-1 are also resistant to the development of hepatic steatosis. Microarray analyses of livers from db/db mice lacking MKP-1 showed suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) target genes. We identified the fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), which promotes PPARγ-mediated hepatic steatosis, as repressed in livers of both db/db and high fat diet-fed mice lacking MKP-1. Hepatocytes from MKP-1-deficient mice exhibited reduced PPARγ-induced lipid droplet formation. Mechanistically, loss of MKP-1 inhibited PPARγ function by increasing MAPK-dependent phosphorylation on PPARγ at its inhibitory residue of serine 112. These results demonstrate that in addition to inhibiting hepatic fatty acid oxidation, MKP-1 promotes hepatic lipogenic gene expression through PPARγ. Hence, MKP-1 plays an important role in MAPK-mediated control of hepatic lipid homeostasis.
Strange and unusual aspects of the nucleon

Abstract At first sight it seems out of place to devote an entire talk to the nucleon at a conference on strange particles and hypernuclei. The nucleon has no net strangeness, and the simple and successful constituent quark model classifies the nucleon as a bound state of three non-strange quarks. Recently, however, several precise experiments have found that the nucleon contains a significant admixture of strange quark pairs. These results require further confirmation. In the meantime theorists have speculated on the changes in our picture of the nucleon required by these unexpected results. It is my intention in this talk briefly to summarize the subject. Roughly the talk is organized as follows. First, I will briefly remind you why we ever believed quarks were unimportant in the nucleon in the first place. Second, I will explain why the question has arisen with urgency only recently. Third, I will summarize what is known and how precisely. And fourth, I will briefly discuss the “spin crisis” and its relation to the flavor structure of the nucleon. My talk is brief and many important points are left to the references.
Modeling of Casting Solidification Stochastic or Deterministic

AbstractSolidification modeling has had a phenomenal impact on metalcasting in the last decade. Following its initial success in predicting the occurrence of porosity defects, it has grown to be an essential casting engineering tool. As more complex models have been developed (in response to the realization that simple heat flow models were not adequate to solve the shrinkage problem), they are being used to design more efficient gating and risering systems, which minimize the amount of metal poured to produce a good casting. Models today include predictions of fluid flow during mold filling, casting distortion, mold-metal interface reactions and cast structure.Until a few years ago solidification simulation was based only on deterministic models. As prediction of microstructural evolution became a contemporary problem, the limitation of deterministic models in predicting such features as dendrite coherency, columnar-to-equiaxed transition, dendrite fragmentationand movement of dendrites by the liquid, be...
The Body Tells the Story: Using Art to Facilitate Children's Narratives

This article illustrates an art activity for use in psychotherapy with children or adolescents. The purpose of the activity is to utilize creativity to increase problem solving for child clients and to allow their narratives to expand therapeutically. The processing of the activity allows the art to be transformed into language, thereby involving discursive (linguistic) as well as non-discursive (image-making) symbolic coding systems. The activity is theoretically and therapeutically flexible, as it can be used with rapport building, narrative work by allowing clients to tell their stories and externalize their problems, and trauma work by utilizing attachment of feelings to the child's physical self.
Everyday Sensegiving: A Closer Look at Successful Plant Managers

The authors conducted in-depth interviews and on-site visits with successful plant managers to understand similarities in their management approaches. Across 11 different plants, representing nine different industries, the authors found each plant manager actively engaged in shaping how employees viewed the organization and its values through what the authors call “everyday sensegiving.” From themes inductively identified from the interviews and on-site visits, four central values—”Here, we value people, we value openness, we value being positive, and we value being part of a larger community”—were identified. In this article, the authors link everyday sensegiving of these mid dle managers and extend the findings of the study to consider linkages to organizational performance and change efforts.
Minimal spanning trees in undirected networks with exponentially distributed arc weights

On developpe des algorithmes de calcul de la distribution et des moments du poids de l'arbre de recouvrement minimal dans un reseau non oriente avec des poids d'arcs independants et a distribution exponentielle
Resubsumption: A Possible Mechanism for Conceptual Change and Belief Revision

Successful learning sometimes requires that the learner abandons or rejects one or more prior concepts, beliefs, or intuitive theories. Such nonmonotonic changes are widely believed to have a low probability of occurring spontaneously and to be difficult to promote with instruction. A theory of nonmonotonic cognitive change should explain both why such changes are difficult and why they are possible. The purpose of this article is to develop the idea that nonmonotonic change happens when the learner resubsumes a domain of experience under a conceptual system originally developed for some other domain. The resubsumption theory is built on three main cognitive processes: In the course of routine knowledge formation, people grow informal theories for different domains of experience in parallel, maintaining local but not global coherence. The trigger for conceptual change is bisociation, the realization that an informal theory developed to make sense of one domain also applies to some other domain, giving the...
High Temperature Polyimide Materials in Extreme Temperature Environments

At the end of the NASA High Speed Research (HSR) Program, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) began a program to screen the high-temperature Polymeric Composite Materials (PMCs) characterized by the HSR Durability Program for possible use in Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs) operating under extreme temperature conditions. The HSR Program focused on developing material-related technologies to enable a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) capable of operating temperatures ranging from 54 C (-65 F) to 177 C (350 F). A high-temperature polymeric resin, PETI-5 was used in the HSR Program to satisfy the requirements for performance and durability for a PMC. For RLVs, it was anticipated that this high temperature material would contribute to reducing the overall weight of a vehicle by eliminating or reducing the thermal protection required to protect the internal structural elements of the vehicle and increasing the structural strain limits. The tests were performed to determine temperature-dependent mechanical and physical proper-ties of IM7/PETI-5 composite over a temperature range from cryogenic temperature -253 C (-423F) to the material's maximum use temperature of 230 C (450 F). This paper presents results from the test program for the temperature-dependent mechanical and physical properties of IM7/PETI-5 composite in the temperature range from -253 C (-423 F) to 27 C (80 F).
The physics of the chiral Schwinger model: Taming an anomalous theory

Abstract We study the physical aspects of the chiral Schwinger model, comparing the content of this theory to that of the vector-like case. The theory is analyzed by bosonization with special attention to charged sectors and aspects of symmetry breaking. A generalized model with different left and right couplings is analyzed and the currents coupled to the gauge fields are shown to be conserved by using the equations of motion. The effects of the anomaly are studied and the mechanisms by which a new massless particle is introduced in the physical spectrum of the chiral model are clarified. We find that the longitudinal mode of the gauge field, acquiring dynamics because of the anomaly, is responsible for restoring the cluster property of chirality-carrying operators. The physics of the Wess-Zumino term is clarified and the equivalence between the theories with and without the Wess-Zumino term is spelled out. We construct the Hilbert spaces of the theories with and without the W-Z term and the physical subspaces are shown to be the same, with positive definite metric in both cases. The Ward identity Z 2 = Z 1 is shown to hold in the theory (without the W-Z term) despite its lack of local gauge invariance.
RADIOSENSITIVITY OF NORMAL AND 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE TREATED MAMMALIAN CELLS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE

Abstract Changes in sensitivity to ionizing radiation during various phases of the division cycle of both asynchronous and synchronized populations of Chinese hamster cells have been investigated following the incorporation of BUdR into the DNA. Radiosensitivity was measured in terms of chromosomal damage. Following one replication (single-strand label) in BUdR, cells irradiated during S phase were found to be maximally sensitized and cells irradiated during the G1 phase were not sensitized by single-strand BUdR incorporation. Subsequent replication in the presence of BUdR to obtain double-strand label resulted in the sensitization of the G1-phase cells. Therefore, the position of the cell in the cell cycle may be an important factor in determining a radiosensitizing effect. Furthermore, the results on exchange formation were consistent with an impairment in the restitution process for cells which have BUdR in the DNA. The work further substantiated the hypothesis that the chromosome consists of two subunits which separate either slightly before or as the cell enters S phase.
Markov partitions for hyperbolic sets

A dynamical system consists of a space and a rule to dictate the evolution of the points in the space. In particular, a discrete dynamical system (X, f ) consists of a topological space X and a map f : X → X . The nth iterate of f , denoted f n , is defined as the map f composed n times, where n ∈ N. If f is a bijection, then its inverse f −1 exists and we can form the nth iterate of f −1 by composition, f −n : X→ X . We assume in this paper that the maps associated with dynamical systems are homeomorphisms so that f −1 exists and f −n is well-defined. In the study of dynamical systems it is important to look at the overall effect of the rule for individual points in the space. In this analysis we look at orbits of points in the space where the orbit of a point x ∈ X is defined as
Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks Model Algorithm and Simulation

A quantum neural networks model based on quantum neurons and traditional neurons is presented in this paper. The input of quantum neuron is real vector, its weight is quantum bits, its transforming function is an inner product operator and its output is a real number. The network includes three layers. Input layer is composed of traditional neurons that receive input information. Hidden layer is composed of quantum neurons that extract pattern feature of input information and transfer them to output layer. Output layer is composed of traditional neurons that export calculation result. The weightings of output layer are rectified by back propagation algorithm. The weightings of hidden layer are rectified by a group of quantum gates. A detailed learning algorithm is designed. Finally the availability of the model and algorithm is illustrated by two application examples of pattern recognition and functional approximation.
Optimality Results for Multiprocessor Real-Time Locking

When locking protocols are used in real-time systems, bounds on blocking times are required when ensuring timing constraints. While the term “blocking” is well-understood in the context of uniprocessor real-time systems, the same is not true in the multiprocessor case. In this paper, two definitions of blocking are presented that are applicable to suspension-based multiprocessor locking protocols. The need for two definitions arises because of differences in how suspensions are handled in existing schedulability analysis. For each definition, locking protocols are presented that have asymptotically optimal blocking behavior. In particular, protocols are presented for any job-level static-priority global or partitioned scheduling algorithm.
Meeting the Educational Needs of Special Populations Advanced Placement's Role in Developing Exceptional Human Capital

We evaluated the Advanced Placement (AP) program from the point of view of intellectually precocious youth and their subsequent educational-vocational outcomes, analyzing normative and idiographic longitudinal data collected across 30 years from 3,937 participants. Most took AP courses in high school, and those who did frequently nominated an AP course as their favorite. Students who took AP courses, compared with their intellectual peers who did not, appeared more satisfied with the intellectual caliber of their high school experience and, ultimately, achieved more. Overall, this special population placed a premium on intellectual challenge in high school and found the lack of such challenge distressing. These findings can inform contemporary educational policy debates regarding the AP program; they also have general implications for designing and evaluating educational interventions for students with special needs.
Social Media Policies in Intercollegiate Athletics: The Speech and Privacy Rights of Student-Athletes

Focusing on the issue of institutional control versus student-athlete rights as students, this paper examines the regulation of student-athletes’ social media usage by athletic departments. A central focus of the paper is the consideration of laws passed in 12 states since 2012 that limit the authority of colleges and universities to monitor students’ social media activities, with much of the impetus for these laws motivated by the treatment of the student-athlete population.
Expressive and Defensive Behavior during Discourse on Unresolved Topics: A Single Case Study of Pathological Grief

Both psychodynamic and social-cognitive theoretical domains have control process models of behavior but with different ideas about the purpose and loci of control. This study examines expressive and defensive behaviors associated with different topics of discourse in the time-limited psychotherapy of a woman treated for pathological grief. Conceptually the study is based on a model of defensive control processes that integrates states of mind and person schemas. Theoretically derived measures of discourse topics, verbal and nonverbal defensive behaviors, emotional disclosure, and states of mind were applied to transcripts and videotapes of the entire therapy. Evidence from combined cluster and factor analyses supported the existence of recurring emotionally significant states. Two of these are particularly interesting from a clinical perspective: One, a "shimmering" state of intense emotional expression with concurrent signs of avoidance, was associated with topics identified clinically as stressful, unresolved, and conflictual. The other, a state of more uniformly stifled emotionality, was characteristic of discourse thought of clinically as resistance.
Glacier-induced bedrock deformation in the Culebra Range, southern Colorado

Abstract Alpine glacial erosion, through overdeepening of valleys, may lead to structural collapse of the valley sides and mountain crest along small normal faults. Such features, known as sackungen, are described from crystalline rocks of the Alps and Rocky Mountains. Sackungen are reported herein for the first time from sedimentary bedrock of the Culebra Range of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in south-central Colorado. The examples include small and large valley-side ridges and a double-crested mountain ridge. In all cases, the sackungen trend parallel to valleys sides or ridge crests above the limit of glaciation. Sackung deformation may involve both brittle and ductile mass movements of bedrock, which were probably aided by ice in subsurface joints. Seismic activity may have contributed to formation of sackungen in the Culebra Range. Sackungen are examples of glaciotectonic features created in hard bedrock under the impact of glaciation.
Dimensionality Assessment Using the Full-Information Item Bifactor Analysis for Graded Response Data: An Illustration with the State Metacognitive Inventory.

Dimensionality assessment using the full-information item bifactor model for graded response data is provided. The model applies to data in which each item relates to a general factor and one group factor. Specifically, alternative model specification within item response theory (IRT) is shown to test a scale's factor structure. For illustrative purposes, the bifactor model and competing IRT models were fit to the data of separate cohorts of incoming college students (Cohort 1, n = 1,490; Cohort 2, n = 1,533) to test the dimensionality of an adapted version of the State Metacognitive Inventory. Overall, the bifactor analysis did not strongly support distinct group factors after accounting for the general factor. Instead, results suggested conceptualizing the scale as unidimensional, indicating that scores should be based on the total scale, not subscales. Considerations related to the use of the bifactor IRT model are discussed.
Of Flies and Man: Drosophila as a Model for Human Complex Traits

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic and environmental factors affecting human complex genetic traits and diseases is a major challenge because of many interacting genes with individually small effects, whose expression is sensitive to the environment. Dissection of complex traits using the powerful genetic approaches available with Drosophila melanogaster has provided important lessons that should be considered when studying human complex traits. In Drosophila, large numbers of pleiotropic genes affect complex traits; quantitative trait locus alleles often have sex-, environment-, and genetic background-specific effects, and variants associated with different phenotypic are in noncoding as well as coding regions of candidate genes. Such insights, in conjunction with the strong evolutionary conservation of key genes and pathways between flies and humans, make Drosophila an excellent model system for elucidating the genetic mechanisms that affect clinically relevant human complex traits, such as alcohol depen...
PHYSICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF NO-SUGAR-ADDED/LOW-FAT MUFFIN

ABSTRACT Physical and sensory analyses were performed to evaluate no-sugar-added mufﬁns and no-sugar-added/low-fat mufﬁns either with or withoutxanthan gum. All treatments had signiﬁcantly higher moisture content, lessmoisture loss after baking and less volume than a control mufﬁn at either day1 or 4. The addition of maltodextrin DE 3 was effective in maintaining themoisture content. Xanthan gum had no inﬂuence on the water activity butreduced moisture loss during baking. Texture proﬁle analysis indicated thattest mufﬁns were signiﬁcantly ﬁrmer and chewier than the control. Sensoryanalyses showed that the no-sugar-added/low-fat mufﬁn was signiﬁcantlyhigher in taste liking (6.71) than the commercial no-sugar-added/low-fatmufﬁn (6.18). However, the commercial mufﬁn chewiness liking (6.54) wassigniﬁcantly higher than the chewiness liking (5.81) of the no-sugar-added/low-fat mufﬁn. INTRODUCTION The low-fat/low-calorie foods were primarily marked for consumers withhealth difﬁculties such as diabetes and obesity. The consumption of low-fat/low-calorie foods noticeably increased to cover a broader range of consumerswith other health-related issues (Sandrou and Arvanitoyannis 2000). In the
Pain reduction and occlusion prevention with novel thoracic catheter

Thoracic catheters are inserted into patients after thoracic surgery in order to facilitate the removal of fluid and/or air. Though their insertion is common practice, their use is plagued by complications including severe patient pain and occlusion, which can lead to adverse patient outcomes. In order to overcome these complications the authors developed a novel catheter. This design has the existing features of current thoracic catheters along with allowing for physician access in the pleural space. In order observe the occlusion prevention capabilities of this design, a Drain Test was conducted. It was determined the new design provided the same or better draining efficacy than the control. It was concluded from these preliminary studies that the design has potential, but prototype fabrication and further in vivo studies are necessary.
Application of O-CDMA techniques to all optical packet header processing

This study reports the application of code division multiplexing (CDMA) in the creation of an all-optical packet switching network that would allow for high-speed, asynchronous packet switching. Such a system requires an all-optical packet header processor using fixed length packets. Possible methods for such encoding are discussed. These methods include synchronous prime codes, optical orthogonal codes (OOC), and a binary coding scheme.
Examining TPACK Among K-12 Online Distance Educators in the United States

With the increasing popularity and accessibility of the Internet and Internetbased technologies, along with the need for a diverse group of students to have alternative means to complete their education, there is a major push for K-12 schools to offer online courses, resulting in a growing number of online teachers. Using the Tailored Design survey methodology (Dillman, 2007), this study examines a national sample of 596 K-12 online teachers and measures their knowledge with respect to three key domains as described by the TPACK framework: technology, pedagogy, content, and the combination of each of these areas. Findings indicate that knowledge ratings are highest among the domains of pedagogy, content, and pedagogical content, indicating that responding online teachers felt very good about their knowledge related to these domains and were less confident when it comes to technology. Correlations among each of the domains within the TPACK framework revealed a small relationship between the domains of technology and pedagogy, as well as technology and content (.289 and .323, respectively). However, there was a large correlation between pedagogy and content (.690), calling into question the distinctiveness of these domains. This study presents a beginning approach to measuring and defining TPACK among an ever-increasing number of K-12 online teachers.
Role of T Lymphocytes in Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload involves reorganization of the myocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM). Neurohormonal pathways have been described as effector pathways in left ventricular ECM reorganization in response to pressure overload; we now are assessing the role of the T lymphocyte in this process. Mice with defined differences in T-lymphocyte function (C57BL/6 SCID, C57BL/6 WT, and BALB/c) were treated with 50 mg/L of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester in their drinking water for 30 days. The immune function of C57BL/6 WT mice was T-helper type 1 (TH1), BALB/c was TH2, and C57BL/6 SCID was null. The arterial blood pressure increased by 30% in all of the strains of mice. However, ventricular stiffness significantly decreased in the C57 SCID, significantly increased in the BALB/c, and did not change in the C57 WT. The characterization of matrix metalloproteinase induction and activation on day 30 was associated with T-lymphocyte function. The total cardiac fibrillar collagen, percentage of fibrillar collagen cross-linking, and the activity of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase-like-3 (LOXL-3) significantly decreased in the C57 SCID, significantly increased in the BALB/c, and did not change in the C57 WT. This study revealed that the LOXL-3 pathway, namely, gene expression, enzymatic activities, and LOXL-3-mediated collagen cross-linking, was associated with ventricular stiffness and incongruence with lymphocyte function. These data support the concept that the T lymphocytes may play a fundamental regulatory role in cardiac ECM composition through modulation of collagen synthesis, degradation, and cross-linking.