cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental assessment of invertebrate/vertebrate predation: the interaction between wolf spiders (Gladicosa pulchra) and terrestrial salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)

A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if adult wolf spiders Gladicosa pulchra were capable of acting as predators of juvenile spotted salamanders Ambystoma maculatum. Spiders preyed upon salamanders in two of 20 trials and attacked salamanders in five trials. As attacks did not always kill salamanders, multiple attacks per trial were possible. A total of 11 attacks was observed: two complete attacks, and nine incomplete attacks. Attacks were considered complete if the spider inserted its chelicerae into the salamander and incomplete if the spider did not. In response to complete attacks, the salamander would flip onto its back. Salamanders occasionally responded to incomplete attacks by continuously raising and lowering their heads. To our knowledge, this behaviour is undescribed in this group of salamanders. An additional experiment investigated the influence of increased levels of salamander movement on this interaction. In this experiment, spiders preyed upon salamanders in one of eight trials and attacked salamanders in six trials (28 total attacks: four complete attacks, 24 incomplete attacks). The results of this study indicate that wolf spiders can prey upon juvenile spotted salamanders, and that the ecological relationship between wolf spiders and amphibians may be quite complex.
Capsule commentary on Katz et al., Implementing smoking cessation guidelines for hospitalized veterans: effects on nurse attitudes and performance.

Previous smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized patients have shown only modest effects;1 understanding the process of delivering such interventions to inpatients is important. Katz2 takes an important next step using mixed methods to triangulate implementation barriers and facilitators of a multi-level nurse-led smoking cessation intervention for hospitalized smokers. While the intervention improved guideline concordant care, qualitative findings highlight some key implementation barriers such as time constraints, difficulty in placing pharmacotherapy “quick orders,” and nurses’ attitudes towards delivering cessation advice and beliefs about patient resistance to quitting. These factors may have attenuated intervention effects and likely would not have been captured by quantitative methods alone. These findings underscore the importance of qualitative methods in intervention research; they can provide insight into aspects of the project not amenable to quantitative methods.3 As healthcare systems shift from one-on-one provider–patient care to team-based care, it is useful to consider how other members of care teams may be accessed to provide patient preventive care. Staff nurses are the largest group of inpatient providers; enabling nurses with tools and additional training appears to be a viable option to increase reach of in-patient cessation interventions.4
High-speed optically-addressed spatial light modulator

High-speed optically-addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs) have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The response time of these devices, in which a ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FLC) is incorporated as the modulating layer, can be substantially faster than that of OASLMs using nematic liquid crystals. A p-i-n structure of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), which forms the photosensor, has response times, resolution, and mechanical properties that are compatible with the FLC. Two ranges of response times to write beam illumination, below and above approximately 100 ms, have been observed in the OASLM devices. The longer times appear to result from the photoconductivity of the highly resistive i-layer of the photodiode. Under chopped illumination the photoconductivity is averaged out, so that the photocurrent produced during the negative bias segment of the cycle produces the shorter response time optical modulation. >
Molecular modeling of carcinogenic potential in polycyclic hydrocarbons

Abstract The generality and validity of rules of molecular geometry for predicting the carcinogenic potential of unsubstituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were further tested. These rules are based on the number and location of sites for the electrophilic substitution in unsubstituted PAHs. When the rules of molecular geometry are applied in the absence of specific theoretical or experimental information, they have been shown to predict carcinogenic potential with a high degree of accuracy. However, the accuracy of the rules is even further improved when additional information about the number and location of sites for electrophilic substitution is examined. A theoretical method that probes for such exceptionally reactive centers has been provided by the molecular orbital calculations of Dewar and Dennington. Calculations of this sort have been applied with the rules in order to make predictions of carcinogenic potential in 90 alternant and nonalternant PAHs. These predictions, with very few exceptions, were in good agreement with currently available carcinogenicity test data. It is concluded that a relationship exists between carcinogenic potential, molecular geometry, and the relative energies for electrophilic substitution of the individual carbons in unsubstituted PAHs.
Of Victims and Markets: The Neoliberal University and the Spectacle of Civic Branding

This article addresses the market logics on display at Penn State University in response to the Jerry Sandusky scandal, especially with respect to the idea of civic branding and community formation. The intersecting vectors of the corporate university, neoliberalism, and physical culture are highlighted to explain such a response. Responses to the scandal are also addressed in light of similar discourses of victimology present in the larger Wall Street financial sector.
Miniature optical fiber sensor for pressure measurements

Fiber optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensors are widely used in dynamic pressure measurements because of their inherent advantages including small size, light weight, high sensitivity, high frequency response, electrical passivity, electromagnetic interference immunity (EMI), and single-point measurement. However, small fluctuations of background pressure could shift the operating point of the sensor in an unpredictable way, which introduces a nonlinear response in dynamic pressure measurements. In this paper, we present a novel open structure only 125 μm in diameter to eliminate the operating point dependence on background pressure fluctuations. The essential element is a piece of hollow fiber, which connects a standard telecommunication fiber and another hollow fiber with a smaller inside diameter to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The structure is open to the environment by a small hole, which allows gas exchange between the sensor cavity and the ambient atmosphere. On the other hand, the sensor is capable of responding to acoustic pressure because of the slow gas exchange through the small hole. In addition, this all fused silica structure features high temperature stability, good linearity, and high repeatability.
Differential antidepressant-like response to lithium treatment between mouse strains: effects of sex, maternal care, and mixed genetic background

Background Lithium is a mood stabilizer with both antidepressant and antimanic properties, however its mechanism of action is unclear. Identifying the genetic factors that influence lithium’s therapeutic actions will be an important step to assist in identifying such mechanisms. We previously reported that lithium treatment of male mice has antidepressant-like effects in the C57BL/6J strain but that such effects were absent in the BALB/cJ strain.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of vegetative aortic bacterial endocarditis.

Abstract The echocardiograms of three patients with vegetative aortic valve endocarditis revealed characteristic shaggy or fuzzy echoes from the region of the aortic valve. At surgery or at necropsy vegetations were found that explained the distinct abnormal echoes recorded. Such echoes recorded from the region of the aortic valve in patients with evidence of acute aortic insufficiency should suggest endocarditis with vegetations. Differentiation of these echoes from echoes produced by normal phenomena, other disease states or artifacts is discussed.
Impact of the menopause on the epidemiology and risk factors of coronary artery heart disease in women

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women, and coronary artery heart disease (CHD) is the largest single component of fatal cardiovascular disease. Gender-related differences are observed in the symptomatology, natural course and outcome, and in the management of the acute coronary event. More women, compared to men, have angina as their first manifestation of CHD, and they are less likely to have serious stenosis. Women undergo less invasive diagnostic procedures, but have an overall prognosis that is worse than that of men. Rates of CHD in women increase after the fifth-sixth decades of life, suggesting that young women have a protective factor that is lost after the fifth decade. Because most women become menopausal during this age range, it is speculated that the protective factor may the female hormone, estrogen. This conclusion is supported by results of epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of CHD in women with early-onset menopause and a reduced risk in postmenopausal women treated with estrogen replacement therapy. The impact of the menopausal transition on other CHD risk factors is still not fully understood. Reduced estrogen levels resulting from the menopausal transition have been implicated in adverse effects on obesity and fat distribution, plasma lipid profile, and rheological properties of plasma and platelet function. Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency may also aggravate pre-existing diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and have an overall negative effect on the reaction to stress. These data suggest that estrogen deficiency can directly and indirectly promote CHD in women. More research is needed to clarify and differentiate menopause-related from aging-related effects on the risk of CHD women.
Regulation of sarcomere number in skeletal muscle: a comparison of hypotheses

Sarcomere lengths from 16 locations in the muscles of mastication were measured from pigs fixed in maximum excursion (wide jaw opening) and in postural position (near occlusion). These data, plus published data on sarcomere lengths in rabbit jaw muscles, were used to evaluate conflicting hypotheses about the factors which regulate serial sarcomere number in striated muscles. According to the most successful hypothesis, sarcomere number is adjusted so as to achieve an optimum sarcomere length when the muscle is experiencing a high level of tension. Most often, this occurs at jaw positions where the muscle is electrically active.
Gestational Exposure to Low Dose Bisphenol A Alters Social Behavior in Juvenile Mice

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a man-made compound used to make polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins; public health concerns have been fueled by findings that BPA exposure can reduce sex differences in brain and some behaviors. We asked if a low BPA dose, within the range measured in humans, ingested during pregnancy, would affect social behaviors in prepubertal mice. We noted sex differences in social interactions whereby females spent more time sitting side-by-side, while males engaged in more exploring and sitting alone. In addition BPA increased display of nose-to-nose contacts, play solicitations and approaches in both sexes. Interactions between sex and diet were found for self grooming, social interactions while sitting side-by-side and following the other mouse. In all these cases interactions were produced by differences between control and BPA females. We examined brains from embryos during late gestation to determine if gene expression differences might be correlated with some of the sexually dimorphic or BPA affected behaviors we observed. Because BPA treatments ended at birth we took the brains during embryogenesis to increase the probability of discovering BPA mediated effects. We also selected this embryonic age (E18.5) because it coincides with the onset of sexual differentiation of the brain. Interestingly, mRNA for the glutamate transporter, Slc1a1, was enhanced by exposure to BPA in female brains. Also we noted that BPA changed the expression of two of the three DNA methyltransferase genes, Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a. We propose that BPA affects DNA methylation of Sc1a1 during neural development. Sex differences in juvenile social interactions are affected by BPA and in particular this compound modifies behavior in females.
The association between anti-Müllerian hormone and IVF pregnancy outcomes is influenced by age

The conflicting results from studies on the predictive capabilities of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) for IVF pregnancy outcomes may be attributed to small sample sizes and disparities in the age of the study populations. The relationship between AMH and IVF pregnancy outcomes was clarified with retrospective cross-tabulation analyses (n=1558) stratified by age to control for its confounding effects. Serum AMH concentrations were divided into tertiles (≤ 0.29, 0.30-1.20, ≥ 1.21 ng/ml) and ages into four groups (<34, 34-37, 38-41, ≥ 42 years). For women <34, having serum AMH in the lowest tertile did not reduce the chance of IVF pregnancy/live birth compared with those with higher AMH concentrations. For women 34-41, a significant positive relationship existed between serum AMH and pregnancy rates. For women ≥ 42, serum AMH concentrations ≤ 0.29 ng/ml were associated with a 3% chance of pregnancy, and women with AMH ≥ 1.21 ng/ml had the same pregnancy rate as women with concentrations 0.30-1.20 ng/ml. In conclusion, AMH has limited predictive value for IVF outcomes in the two extremes of female reproductive age; however, for women between 34 and 41, higher serum AMH concentrations are associated with significantly greater chances of pregnancy (P<0.01).
Pulsar magnetospheres : Variation principle, singularities, and estimate of power

We formulate a variation principle for the force-free magnetosphere of an inclined pulsar: + Ω M (where and M are electromagnetic energy and angular momentum and Ω is the angular velocity of the star) is stationary under isotopological variations of the magnetic field and arbitrary variations of the electric field. The variation principle gives the reason for the existence and proves the local stability of singular current layers along magnetic separatrices. Magnetic field lines of inclined pulsar magnetospheres lie on magnetic surfaces and do have magnetic separatrices. In the framework of the isotopological variation principle, inclined magnetospheres are expected to be simple deformations of the axisymmetric pulsar magnetosphere. A singular line should exist on the light cylinder, where the inner separatrix terminates and the outer separatrix emanates. The electromagnetic field should have an inverse square root singularity near the singular line inside the inner magnetic separatrix. The large-distance asymptotic solution is calculated and used to estimate the pulsar power, L ≈ c-3μ2Ω4 for spin-dipole inclinations 30°.
The role of granzyme B cluster proteases in cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Abstract Granzymes are neutral serine proteases that are stored in the specialized lytic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. A mutation introduced into the granzyme B locus leads to a severe defect in the ability of cytotoxic lymphocytes to induce apoptosis in susceptible target cells, and reduces the severity of class I-dependent acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, granzyme B-independent cytotoxicity also exists: in CD8 + cells, most of it is perforin-dependent, but in CD4 + cells, the Fas system and an additional pathway are involved. The identification of these pathways and their physiological relevance may lead to new approaches for inhibiting cytotoxic lymphocyte functions.
Vocal cues as indices of schizophrenia.

The hypothesis that schizophrenic patients can be differentiated from non-schizo-phrenic patients was tested. In addition, the impressions about personality characteristics conveyed by voice qualit...
Commercial production of chia in Northwestern Argentina

The economy of northwestern Argentina depends heavily on sugar and tobacco. Depressed prices for these crops in recent years have caused significant economic problems, and alternative crops are actively being sought. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a source of industrial oil for the cosmetics industry and θ-3 α-linolenic acid for the food industry, is one new crop that could help diversify the local economy. A project to develop chia as a commercial crop was initiated in 1991. In 1996, 13 fields were commercially grown in two provinces of northwestern Argentina. Biomass production and seed yields were affected by weather, location, and production practices. Average seed yield was 606 kg/ha. Oil content and fatty acid composition varied between fields.
Seed Invasion Filters and Forest Fire Severity

Forest seed dispersal is altered after fire. Using seed traps, we studied impacts of fire severity on timing of seed dispersal, total seed rain, and seed rain richness in patches of high and low severity fire and unburned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in the Fischer and Tyee fire complexes in the eastern Washington Cascades. Unburned plots had the lowest average seed production. The high severity fire patches in the Fischer Fire Complex had a higher total seed production than low severity fire patches of the same complex. At the Tyee Fire Complex, the total seed production for each of the two fire severities was similar, but the period of maximum seed dispersal was later for high severity than low severity fire. Seed rain at the Fischer Fire patches (sampled one year after the fire) was predominantly composed of annual species, while that of the Tyee Fire patches (sampled nine years after fire) was predominantly perennial species. Seed rain richness was greater in Tyee high severity patches than paired low severity fire patches. In these paired Tyee patches the average number of new seed species (species not found in the extant plot vegetation) was greater for high severity than low severity fire. Our results suggest that high severity fire plots are more porous to seed rain than low severity plots. Intact forest canopies may filter seed rain and reduce seed influx, while high severity fires are more open to invasion by seed dispersal.
Study of the sorption property of copper oxygen carrier used for chemical looping air separation

Chemical looping air separation used in the oxy-fuel combustion system resolves the oxygen source. Oxygen carrier releases oxygen in flue gas atmosphere and absorbs oxygen in air atmosphere. One of the most important properties is the sorption of the decomposed oxygen carrier. Aiming at investigating the sorption property in detailed, copper oxygen carrier with 40 mass% MgAl2O4 as inert binder was prepared. Thermodynamic calculations and the physical and chemical characterizations of the CuO–MgAl2O4 were carried out. The sorption property was investigated in the TG and fixed-bed reactor. The active phases of copper oxides do not react with MgAl2O4 during the preparation and reaction processes. The adding of MgAl2O4 hinders the grains growth of copper oxides. The decomposed oxygen carrier can react with oxygen when temperature is higher than 400 °C. The thermodynamic results indicate the highest sorption temperature should be lower than 1,027 °C in air atmosphere. Indeed, the sorption is not complete when temperature is 1,010 °C in TG experiment. Pressurized oxidation reactor is conducive to the oxidation of decomposed oxygen carrier at high temperature. The decomposed oxygen carrier has strong oxygen sorption capability. Low temperature is conducive to the sorption process. In all the gas flows and oxygen concentrations tested, the outlet oxygen concentrations all were kept in a low level. The effect of particle size on the sorption rate is little, and big particle size of oxygen carrier can be selected to reduce the pressure drop of the bed.
Comparative QSAR: on the toxicology of the phenolic OH moiety.

In this report we consider the effect of substituents on phenol toxicity and show how the parameters used in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) can be used to draw mechanistic inferences of value in understanding the reasons behind the various types of toxicity. In particular, we are interested in gaining clearer insight into mechanisms via the Hammett-type parameters σ, σ−, σ+ and octanol/water partition coefficients. Particular attention is given to the role of radical reactions and their role in attacking DNA to cause cancer or estrogenic toxicity.
The research on trust in leadership: The need for context

To date, theoretical and empirical research has largely focused on interpersonal forms of trust and trust building at the expense of institutional forms, despite a rich conceptual trust foundation for the latter. Indeed, in order to understand and address widespread failures of trust, not only in business institutions, but also in other central institutions such as healthcare, government, education and religion, we argue that research must begin to integrate institutional factors with interpersonal ones. Moreover, most research to date has neither explicitly nor fully considered the salient role of context, especially those contexts involving high degrees of uncertainty, vulnerability and/or stress that are particularly germane to trust. Utilising a cross-level case study, we discuss how both interpersonal factors and institutional influences, shaped by context, develop both organisational trust and trust in leadership. We also provide several recommendations for future research, and make the case for stu...
MO‐D‐220‐10: Automatic Quality Control Processing for Detection of Elements Dropout in Ultrasound Transducers

Purpose: To develop a simple and reliable method of detection of lost or reduced sensitivity elements in diagnostic ultrasound arrays through analysis of the systematic features evident in appropriately acquired cineloops Methods: An algorithm was developed to detect the systematic features produced by element/channel signal loss evident in a cineloop acquired with a random background signal: A temporal median of the cineloop is produced followed by construction of a profile defined as the mean over depth [column‐wise mean] within a horizontal strip of the median image. A modified anisotropic diffusion filter is applied to the profile to isolate outlying features from characteristic noise, and simple statistical methods are then used to identify regions of the profile which exhibit characteristics of reduced sensitivity elements such as well‐defined, symmetric troughs. With an element occluded by fishing line to simulate dropout, cineloops were acquired with a GE‐Logiq 9 scanner either by rapidly scanning a transducer over a tissue mimicking phantom or by placing the transducer in a liquid phantom composed of an agitated cornstarch and water suspension. Results: Analysis with the algorithm clearly revealed the occluded section of the array as well as previously unnoticed reduced‐sensitivity elements. The efficacy of a simple and inexpensive method of detecting lost or reduced sensitivity elements of diagnostic ultrasound arrays was demonstrated in a confined dataset. The algorithm has been developed into an ImageJ plugin which presently handles uncompressed DICOM data containing rectangular scan regions; this should soon be made available for use by the medicalultrasound community after testing by Ultrasound Subcommittee members. Supported in part by the Ultrasound Subcommittee of the AAPM Science Council andNIH Grant CA91713
Nativity and cognitive disability among children: a unique comparison with reduced selection bias

We examined the impact of nativity on self-reported cognitive disability by comparing children who were born outside of the USA (first-generation immigrants) with US-born offspring (second-generation immigrants) of foreign-born parents. We analyzed a diverse, nationally representative, sample of 77,324 first-generation immigrant and second-generation immigrant children (aged 5–17 years) from the 2009 American Community Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between nativity and self-reported cognitive disability after adjustment for demographics and household characteristics. Self-reported cognitive disability was observed in 1.7 % of the sample. The prevalence was higher among first second-generation immigrants than among second first-generation immigrants (1.9 vs 1.1 %, p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, the advantage of being foreign-born remained (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI = 0.53–0.75). Further analysis revealed effect modification of the immigrant health advantage by household income (p = 0.003). We observed an immigrant advantage in self-reported cognitive disability; however, it was only evident among economically disadvantaged children. Future research should examine the contribution of the accumulation of poverty over time to the relationship between nativity and children’s health.
Constructing paths through social networks for disease surveillance

Global health security needs better information on biological threats such as pandemics and bioterrorism that pose ever-increasing dangers for the health of populations worldwide. A vast amount of real-time information about infectious disease outbreaks is found in various forms of Web-based data streams. There are advantages and disadvantages of Internet-based surveillance and it has been suggested that an important research area will be to evaluate the application of technologies that will provide benefits to outbreak disease control at local, national, and international levels.
Fault Diagnosis for PMSM Drive System in Electric Vehicle

Electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEVs) have attracted considerable interest among automobile manufactures worldwide due to their advantages of better fuel economy. To guarantee safe, clean and reliable operation of electric drive systems, it is imperative to develop reliable and robust diagnostic schemes so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken in case a component or subsystem fail to operate normally. This paper proposes a diagnostic scheme for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives in EV/HEV applications. The proposed strategy uses two generalized observers to detect and isolate current, speed, and rotor position sensor faults in a PMSM drive. Since in real driving cases, the load torque is usually unknown due to unexpected road disturbance, the proposed diagnostic scheme uses an Unknown Input Observer (UIO) to estimate the load torque. The diagnostic algorithm is validated in Matlab/Simulink using the Ohio State University EcoCAR as testbed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective in detecting and isolating various sensor faults under road disturbance.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Localization effects in thin Pt wires

Abstract The resistance of Pt wires with cross-sectional areas (A) as small as 2.6 x 10−12 cm2 ( A =160 A ) has been studied at low temperatures (T). The wires exhibit a resistance rise as the temperature is decreased, and the variation of the rise with A and T is the same as that found previously for thin wires made from other materials. Combining the results for Pt with those of other materials we find that the resistance rise varies approximately linearly with the amount of disorder. This result is inconsistent with theories based on Coulomb interactions. If this result is interpreted in terms of current theories of localization, it implies that the inelastic mean free path is independent of the amount of disorder, a conclusion which is very difficult to reconcile with present ideas concerning inelastic scattering in dirty metals.
Transfer of training: some boundary conditions and initial theory.

Abstract A series of 5 experiments was conducted with preschool and kindergarten children. Experiments I and II employed a verbal pretraining task followed by transfer to a simultaneous, 2-choice discrimination. The interest was in comparing the predictions generated by theorists who stress the role of either verbal or perceptual factors in children's discrimination learning. The data were inconsistent with the predictions generated from either position. Essentially, there was no sign of any transfer from the verbal pretraining task to the transfer discrimination. At this point, the focus of the research shifted, and the remaining experiments were addressed to the main point of the present paper, assessing the conditions under which transfer from one task to another will, or will not, be obtained. Experiments III and IV led to the general conclusion that transfer is not obtained when the format of the transfer task differs from that of the training problem. As an example, transfer is not obtained when the training problem is a successive discrimination and the transfer task is a simultaneous discrimination, or the reverse. Experiment V allowed a further test of this conclusion and consisted of a replication of Exps. I and II with the exception that the verbal pretraining task was followed by a successive discrimination rather than a simultaneous one. In this experiment, transfer was obtained and was consistent with predictions stemming from a model stressing the role of perceptual, rather than verbal, factors. The data were discussed in terms of an outline of an empirically based theory of transfer. Possible mechanisms underlying the transfer failures were also discussed, along with methods of deciding between these competing formulations.
SPECIAL REVIEW TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

A review is presented of transport in electrolytic systems. Seminal advances are identified which have influenced the growth of the field. Interesting research problems are identified where improved understanding would benefit a large number of electrochemical and other technologies. These include convective transport al irregular surfaces, analysis of complex reaction sequences, multi-phase phenomena, and phase transformations.
Acetaminophen activation by human liver cytochromes P450IIE1 and P450IA2

Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used over-the-counter analgesic, is known to cause hepatotoxicity when ingested in large quantities in both animals and man, especially when administered after chronic ethanol consumption. Hepatotoxicity stems from APAP activation by microsomal P450 monooxygenases to a reactive metabolite that binds to tissue macromolecules, thereby initiating cellular necrosis. Alcohol consumption also causes the induction of P450IIE1, a liver microsomal enzyme that in reconstitution studies has proven to be an effective catalyst of APAP oxidation. Thus, elevated microsomal P450IIE1 levels could explain not only the known increase in APAP bioactivating activity of liver microsomes after prolonged ethanol ingestion but also the enhanced susceptibility to APAP toxicity. We therefore examined the role of P450IIE1 in human liver microsomal APAP activation. Liver microsomes from seven non-alcoholic subjects were found to convert 1 mM APAP to a reactive intermediate (detected as an APAP-cysteine conjugate by high-pressure liquid chromatography) at a rate of 0.25 +/- 0.1 nmol conjugate formed/min/nmol microsomal P450 (mean +/- SD), whereas at 10 mM, this rate increased to 0.73 +/- 0.2 nmol product/min/nmol P450. In a reconstituted system, purified human liver P450IIE1 catalyzed APAP activation at rates threefold higher than those obtained with microsomes whereas two other human P450s, P450IIC8 and P450IIC9, exhibited negligible APAP-oxidizing activity. Monospecific antibodies (IgG) directed against human P450IIE1 inhibited APAP activation in each of the human samples, with anti-P450IIE1 IgG-mediated inhibition averaging 52% (range = 30-78%) of the rates determined in the presence of control IgG. The ability of anti-P450IIE1 IgG to inhibit only one-half of the total APAP activation by microsomes suggests, however, that other P450 isozymes besides P450IIE1 contribute to bioactivation of this compound in human liver. Of the other purified P450 isozymes examined, a beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)-inducible hamster liver P450 promoted APAP activation at rates even higher than those obtained with human P450IIE1. The extensive APAP-oxidizing capacity of this hamster P450, designated P450IA2 based upon its similarity to rat P450d and rabbit form 4 in terms of NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, spectral characteristics, immunochemical properties, and inducibility by BNF, agrees with previous reports concerning the APAP substrate specificity of the rat and rabbit P450IA2 proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
THE EFFECTS OF PROLONGED HYPOXIA AND REOXYGENATION ON SYSTEMIC, PULMONARY AND MESENTERIC HEMODYNAMICS IN THE PIGLET † 1190

There is little neonatal information on the contrasting effects of acute or prolonged hypoxia on the systemic, pulmonary and mesenteric circulations.Methods: Seven 1-3 d old fentanyl anesthetized piglets (Wt 1.84 kg) were instrumented to measure cardiac index (Q), hepatic arterial flow (HAf) portal venous flow (PVf). and systemic (SAP) and pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP). Hypoxia was induced to arterial O2 sats between 40-50% for 3 h followed by reoxygenation (Reox) with 100% O2. Vascular resistances,(vr) O2 delivery (DO2) and VO2 were calculated, and compared to 5 normoxic controls. Results were analyzed (repeated measures ANOVA) at 15, 30, 120, 180 min, and 30 min after Reox. Results: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was progressive, the mesenteric response was biphasic with a transient intense vasoconstriction which decreases both bowel and total hepatic blood flow. Pulmonary and mesenteric responses were reversed with Reox, systemic hypotension persisted and Q decreased further. Mean (SD) *=p<0.05 cf time 0. TableConclusion: Duration of hypoxia significantly affects circulatory response Rapid Reox further impairs cardiac function after prolonged hypoxia and consideration should be given to slow correction of hypoxia in neonates.
A system for measuring the energy spread of an accelerated beam

Abstract A system has been implemented to monitor directly the energy spread of analyzed beams from a tandem electrostatic accelerator. The dispersion of a deflection magnet in the beam handling system is used to transform the energy distribution into a spatial distribution, which then is measured by electrostatically sweeping the spatially extended beam across a narrow slit.
Spatially partially coherent beam parameter optimization for free space optical communications

The problem of coherence length optimization in a spatially partially coherent beam for free space optical communication is investigated. The weak turbulence regime is considered. An expression for the scintillation index in a series form is derived and conditions for obtaining improvement in outage probability through optimization in the coherence length of the beam are described. A numerical test for confirming performance improvement due to coherence length optimization is proposed. The effects of different parameters, including the phase front radius of curvature, transmission distance, wavelength and beamwidth are studied. The results show that, for smaller distances and larger beamwidths, improvements in outage probability of several orders of magnitude can be achieved by using partially coherent beams.
Quantum phonons and the charge-density-wave transition temperature: A dynamical mean-field study

We use the dynamical mean-field method to calculate the charge-density-wave (CDW) transition temperature of the half-filled Holstein model as a function of typical phonon frequency in the physically relevant adiabatic limit of phonon frequency $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ much less than electron bandwidth $t.$ Our work is a systematic expansion of the charge-density-wave problem in $\ensuremath{\Omega}/t.$ Quantum phonon effects are found to suppress ${T}_{\mathrm{co}}$ severely, in agreement with previous work on one-dimensional models and numerical studies of the dynamical mean-field model in the extreme antiadiabatic limit $(\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\sim}t).$ We suggest that this is why there are very few CDW systems with mean-field transition temperatures much less than a typical phonon frequency.
Deep-water plant communities from an uncharted seamount off San Salvador Island, Bahamas: distribution, abundance, and primary productivity

Studies from a submersible on a seamount off San Salvador (Bahamas) revealed a diverse multilayered macrophyte community, with net productivity levels comparable to shallow water seaweeds although receiving only 1–2% of the light energy available at the surface. Four zonal assemblages occur over the depth range from 81 to 268 m and consist of a Labophora-dominated group (81–90 m), a Halimeda assemblage (90–130 m), a Peyssonnelia group (130–189 m), and a crustose coralline zone (189–268 m). This deep flora is composed of unique deep-water taxa combined with shallow water forms characteristics of shaded, low-light conditions.
Design and Synthesis of Truncated 4′-Thioadenosine Derivatives as Potent and Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists

We have established structure-activity relationships of novel truncated D-4'-thioadenosine derivatives from D-mannose as potent and selective A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists. At the human A(3) AR, most of N(6)-substituted analogues showed high potency and selectivity and acted as pure antagonists in a cyclic AMP functional assay. Among compounds tested, 2-chloro-N(6)-3-chlorobenzyl and N(6)-3-chlorobenzyl analogues displayed very high binding affinities (K(i) = 1.66 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively) at the human A(3) AR. Truncated 4'-thioadenosine derivatives studied here are regarded as an excellent template for the design of novel A(3) AR antagonists to act at both human and murine species.
The corrective autistic experience: an application of the models of Tinbergen and Mahler.

A treatment plan focusing on the social and interpersonal life of autistic children is described. It was devised and implemented based upon the idea that there is a continuum between autistic children and normal children. The observations that autistic children have decreased tendencies to approach and increased tendencies to withdraw in social situations but that they do have some capacity for interpersonal approach and that all of the observable behavior patterns seen in autistic children occur to some extent in normal children were implemented in the development of this treatment approach. A new level of therapeutic contact, the “corrective autistic experience”, is hypothesized. The treatment of ten autistic children over a five-year period is summarized.
Synthesis and characterization of triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate.

Triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate found in vegetable oils were synthesized in gram quantities for oxidation studies. Two acylation methods were examined to convert diacylglycerols or monoacylglycerols to the desired triacylglycerols. Acylations with fatty acid and 1,1′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were more rapid, gave triacylglycerols of better isomeric purities and generally better overall yields than the acylations with acid chloride in pyridine. The functional and isomeric purity of the synthetic triacylglycerols were investigated by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters, by lipase hydrolysis, and by13C NMR. Quantitative13C NMR provided a valuable tool to determine isomeric structures of the unsaturated triacylglycerols and complemented the lipase hydrolysis method. The triacylglycerols purified by dry column chromatography were obtained in the following respective percent yields, functional and isomeric purities: LLLn, 92.1, 99.4, 98.1; LLnLn, 91.7, 99.2, 97.4; LLnL, 84.2, 99.7, 98.9; and LnLLn 77.5, 97.8, 99.0 (where L=linoleoyl and Ln=linolenoyl glycerol residues). These synthetic triacylglycerols are valuable models to elucidate the interrelationship of unsaturated fatty acids on the oxidative stability of polyunraturated vegetable oils.
Flame aerosol synthesis of phase-pure monoclinic Y2O3 particles via particle size control

Abstract In this study, for the first time, a particle size effect on crystal structure of Y 2 O 3 particles was exploited to synthesize phase-pure monoclinic Y 2 O 3 particles. In the synthesis process, a precursor aerosol consisting of H 2 fuel gas and precursor droplets passed through an impactor before it entered a flame to form yttria particles. A round-jet impactor was used to remove the large precursor droplets, so that the product Y 2 O 3 particles were all smaller than a critical size of approximately 1.5 µm. Due to the particle size effect on crystal structure, the Y 2 O 3 particles thus obtained were essentially phase-pure with the monoclinic structure. The result shows that, by using an impactor to alter the particle size distribution, it is possible to control the crystal structure of Y 2 O 3 particles while maintaining relatively high synthesis yield.
Hemodynamic mechanisms in the development of pulmonary venous admixture (shunting)

Abstract Hemodynamics, oxygen transport and pulmonary venous admixture (shunting) were measured sequentially in 34 critically ill patients at times remote from therapy. Increased PVR occurred early, often before development of maximal hypotension and low cardiac output. The magnitude of the PVR increase was roughly related to the extent of the trauma and hemorrhage, the increase being greater in those who died. The increased PVR response was associated with acidosis during hypovolemia, increased central blood volume after volume deficits were restored, and the subsequent appearance of pulmonary shunting. We interpreted this pattern of events as follows: hemorrhage produced pulmonary vasoconstriction, acidosis and backup of blood behind the lesser circulation. The persistence of a high PVR resulted in redistribution of pulmonary blood flow, uneven flow in the microcirculation and subsequent ventilation-perfusion abnormalities, which is the major pathophysiologic problem underlying acute pulmonary insufficiency.
Cardiac Sarcoma: Unusual Cause of Intracardiac Contrast Filling Defect

A 28-year-old female was transferred to the emergency department from her physician’s office for further evaluation of tachycardia. She was being seen for a recent illness which included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fevers. The patient endorsed fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and extremity edema. She had no chest pain or cough. Exam revealed a pale, fatigued, mildly ill-appearing female with bilateral lower extremity edema and diminished breath sounds on the right. Chest radiograph revealed a large right pleural effusion (Figure 1). Computed tomographic angiography of the chest was performed (Figure 2). Figure 1 Portable semi-upright chest radiograph showing large right pleural effusion. Figure 2 Axial computed tomography angiogram of the chest showing intracardiac contrast-filling defect with an associated right-sided pleural effusion. DIAGNOSIS Cardiac Sarcoma This is a rare form of primary invasive malignant tumor of the heart. Most cardiac tumors are secondary.1 Of primary tumors, benign myxomas are the most common.2 About 25% of primary cardiac tumors are malignant with 95% of those being sarcomas.3 Sarcomas often invade into adjacent structures including the myocardium, valves, vena cava and pericardium.3 The differential diagnosis for intracardiac contrast-filling defects includes thrombus, tumor and vegetations from endocarditis.4 Echocardiography, angiocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging may also be helpful in establishing a diagnosis.1,3 Large intracardiac tumors frequently result in inflow/outflow obstruction which can precipitate heart failure.2 Treatment of this condition is primarily operative.5 Heart transplantation (including autotransplantation) may even be necessary.5 Cardiac sarcomas often recur after resection. Post-surgical chemotherapy and radiation are of limited benefit.6 Our patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor, replacement of the tricuspid valve and reconstruction of the vena cava. She survived for several weeks after surgery but eventually succumbed to her illness.
Combined experimental and theoretical study of deprotonated ferrocene: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations

a b s t r a c t This report presents the anion photoelectron spectrum of the mass-selected, dehydrogenated ferrocene anion (deprotonated neutral ferrocene), (FC-H)− as well as density functional calculations relating to (FC- H) − and associated species. The measured vertical detachment energy (VDE) was found to be 1.79 eV, which compares very well with our calculated VDE value of 1.77 eV.
WEDGE-SHAPED LESION IN THE LIVER SEEN ON POSTOPERATIVE CT Probable thromboembolic phenomenon in the portal venous system

Purpose:To demonstrate CT findings of a wedge-shaped lesion (WSL) in the liver following abdominopelvic surgery and to determine the etiology and incidence of WSL.Material and Methods:Retrospective...
Pollen tube energetics: respiration, fermentation and the race to the ovule

Background Pollen tubes grow by transferring chemical energy from stored cellular starch and newly assimilated sugars into ATP. This drives myriad processes essential for cell elongation, directly or through the creation of ion gradients. Respiration plays a central role in generating and regulating this energy flow and thus in the success of plant reproduction. Pollen tubes are easily grown in vitro and have become an excellent model for investigating the contributions of respiration to plant cellular growth and morphogenesis at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels.
Exploiting aggregate properties of bilingual dictionaries for distinguishing senses of English words and inducing English sense clusters

We propose a novel method for inducing monolingual semantic hierarchies and sense clusters from numerous foreign-language-to-English bilingual dictionaries. The method exploits patterns of non-transitivity in translations across multiple languages. No complex or hierarchical structure is assumed or used in the input dictionaries: each is initially parsed into the "lowest common denominator" form, which is to say, a list of pairs of the form (foreign word, English word). We then propose a monolingual synonymy measure derived from this aggregate resource, which is used to derive multilingually-motivated sense hierarchies for monolingual English words, with potential applications in word sense classification, lexicography and statistical machine translation.
Depression and Chronic Illness: Asian/Pacific Islander Adults in Hawaii

Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) are comprised of many subgroups, such as Filipinos, Hawaiians, Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, and Samoans. They are often portrayed as the model minority for health, though they rarely seek help for depression. Few studies have reported findings for each of the subgroups separately. Because depression has been related to health care and outcomes of people with chronic illness, this study, utilizing previously collected data, compared the prevalence of mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression and self-reported chronic illnesses among several API groups. Understanding subgroup cultural differences in the prevalence of depression may contribute to better assessment of early signs of depression for this population. A descriptive statistical analysis found Pacific Islanders were three times more likely to have severe or moderately severe depression compared to Asians (4.8% vs. 1.5%). Other characteristics related to these findings include: cigarette use, employment status, emotional support, life satisfaction, and health care access.