cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting

El arco volcanico andino incluye mas de 200 estratovolcanes y, al menos, 12 sistemas de calderas gigantes potencialmente activos, dispuestos en cuatro segmentos separados de la cadena andina conocidos como Zonas Volcanicas Norte, Central, Sur y Austral, y cuya actividad es producto de la subduccion de las placas oceanicas Nazca y Antartica bajo la placa sudamericana. Los cuatro segmentos con volcanismo activo ocurren en zonas donde el angulo de subduccion es relativamente inclinado (25°), y entre ellos existen regiones donde el angulo de subduccion es relativamente plano (<10°) a profundidades 100 km y el volcanismo esta ausente. Las zonas de bajo angulo de subduccion habrian comenzado a formarse durante el Mioceno debido a la subduccion de plateaus y dorsales oceanicas, indicando que la actual segmentacion de la zona de subduccion y el volcanismo andino es un rasgo transitorio relacionado a la actividad tectonica neogena. La relacion genetica entre subduccion y volcanismo ha sido confirmada por estudios geoquimicos que indican que la actividad magmatica se inicia por la deshidratacion y/o fusion de la litosfera oceanica subductada y la interaccion de los fluidos liberados con el manto astenosferico que la sobreyace. Componentes derivados de la corteza continental son tambien incorporados en los magmas andinos a traves de la erosion por subduccion del margen continental y/o asimilacion de material cortical en los magmas derivados del manto. Las variaciones en la tasa de erosion por subduccion y subduccion de corteza continental afectan en forma significativa no solo la quimica de los magmas andinos, sino tambien el acomplamiento mecanico de intraplaca en la zona de subduccion y la dinamica orogenica a lo largo de los Andes. Componentes corticales son mas significativos en los magmas extruidos en la Zona Volcanica Central donde la corteza es extremadamente gruesa (70 km) y las tasas de erosion por subduccion del margen continental alcanzan, posiblemente, a consumir un volumen de rocas equivalente hasta un 4% del volumen de la corteza oceanica subductada, son tambien muy elevadas debido a las condiciones climaticas hiperaridas y el bajo aporte de sedimentos a la fosa. Lavas, flujos piroclasticos, lahares, flujos de detritos producto de colapso sectorial de estratovolcanes, y la caida de tefra son algunos de los peligros y riesgos mas importantes asociados al volcanismo andino. Desde el ano 1532 mas de 25.000 personas han muerto como consecuencia de 600 erupciones con registro historico. La mayor parte de estas muertes ocurrio en 1985 durante la erupcion de los Nevados del Ruiz en Colombia. A pesar de que mas de 20 millones de personas viven a menos de 100 km de distancia de un volcan activo en los Andes, principalmente en los valles interandinos de Colombia y Ecuador y el Valle Central del centro-sur de Chile, en la actualidad, menos de 25 volcanes estan siendo monitoreados para determinar los riesgos potenciales asociados a la actividad volcanica andina.
The Atmospheric Hydrologic Cycle over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica from Operational Numerical Analyses

Abstract Moisture budget calculations for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (40°–72deg;S) are performed using operational numerical analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the National Meteorological Center (NMC), and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM). The analyses are intetcompared for an 8-yr period from 1985 to 1992 and are evaluated against representative rawinsonde sites, which are considered accurate depictions of moisture transport at these sites. The comparisons to East Antarctic rawinsondes and those from Macquarie Island show the ECMWF analyses to be superior in reproducing sounding values at each level. While results are highly variable depending on the station location, agreement of the ECMWF analyses to zonally averaged sounding moisture flux values along the East Antarctic coast is very close. The zonally averaged annual meridional moisture flux, for example, is within as little as 0.03 g kg−1 m s−1, or 2% at the surface. This is particularly go...
Self-diffusion in dense granular shear flows.

Diffusivity is a key quantity in describing velocity fluctuations in granular materials. These fluctuations are the basis of many thermodynamic and hydrodynamic models which aim to provide a statistical description of granular systems. We present experimental results on diffusivity in dense, granular shear flows in a two-dimensional Couette geometry. We find that self-diffusivities D are proportional to the local shear rate gamma; with diffusivities along the direction of the mean flow approximately twice as large as those in the perpendicular direction. The magnitude of the diffusivity is D approximately gamma;a(2), where a is the particle radius. However, the gradient in shear rate, coupling to the mean flow, and strong drag at the moving boundary lead to particle displacements that can appear subdiffusive or superdiffusive. In particular, diffusion appears to be superdiffusive along the mean flow direction due to Taylor dispersion effects and subdiffusive along the perpendicular direction due to the gradient in shear rate. The anisotropic force network leads to an additional anisotropy in the diffusivity that is a property of dense systems and has no obvious analog in rapid flows. Specifically, the diffusivity is suppressed along the direction of the strong force network. A simple random walk simulation reproduces the key features of the data, such as the apparent superdiffusive and subdiffusive behavior arising from the mean velocity field, confirming the underlying diffusive motion. The additional anisotropy is not observed in the simulation since the strong force network is not included. Examples of correlated motion, such as transient vortices, and Levy flights are also observed. Although correlated motion creates velocity fields which are qualitatively different from collisional Brownian motion and can introduce nondiffusive effects, on average the system appears simply diffusive.
1658 TROPHIC LIMB CHANGES FOLLOWING EARLY UNILATERAL BRAIS INSULT

Trophic limb changes following early unilateral brain lesions have been noted clinically for years. No studies, however, have reported foot and hand length of children with CT scan verified lesions of known age of onset. Measurements of foot and hand length for 15 neurologically normal, 17 L brain lesioned, and 12 R brain lesioned young children were taken >2 yrs. post lesion onset. Results are as follows: When a >.2 cm cut-off level in foot asymmetry is established, 9 of the 12 R lesioned children, 11 of the 17 L lesioned children, and only 1 of the 15 normal children are identified (chi square= 12.98; p .2 cm difference is L handed. These findings suggest that asymmetric foot and hand development may provide a subtle biological marker for early CNS pathology among children who otherwise are neurologically asymptomatic and may signal pathological L handedness.
Expectancy Accessibility and the Influence of Outcome Expectancies on Adolescent Smokeless Tobacco Use

This study investigated the moderating influence of expectancy accessibility on the relation between outcome expectancies and drug use intentions. Specifically, it was hypothesized that expectancies made temporarily more accessible would predict smokeless tobacco intentions to a greater degree than would less accessible expectancies. In addition, it was anticipated that expectancies regarding positive outcomes of smokeless tobacco use would be better predictors of intention than would expectancies about negative outcomes. Results partially supported the accessibility hypothesis, but this effect occurred for positive outcome expectancies only. In addition, the anticipated prepotency of positive over negative expectancies in predicting drug use intentions was strongly supported. These findings are consistent with theories of problem behavior which differentiate between positive and negative outcome expectancies and which postulate that accessibility of expectancies plays an important role in expectancy-behavior relations.
Measurements of interdependence

We discuss measurements of interdependence, and describe their connections to combinatorial parameters, p-variations, and tail-probability estimates. These connections naturally lead to scales calibrated by degrees of interdependence.
A thermodynamic property formulation for air. II. Pressure and density estimation functions for the dew and bubble lines

As a companion to a new correlation for the thermodynamic properties of air in single-phase states, new values for the properties on the dew and bubble lines have been calculated. Phase equilibrium properties for air at low and moderate pressures were predicted from accurate equations of state for argon, nitrogen, and oxygen using extended corresponding-states (ECS) methods. For pressures near the critical pressure, property values were calculated using a modified Leung-Griffiths model for mixtures of argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Available experimental data and newly predicted values have been used in developing new correlating functions for estimating density and pressure on the dew and bubble lines of air. Estimates of the accuracies of these correlations based upon comparisons of calculated properties to data from other sources are also included.
Conducting research with community agencies: meeting recruitment and collaboration challenges.

Family therapy outcome research with community agencies has been challenging for various reasons. In two recent research projects, it was found that providing active feedback to agencies about their clinical services via a clinical report and a research-asgency liaison were sucessful strategies to develop a collaborative atmosphere with agencies. Specifically, the two starategies improved agency and therapist recruitment, client and therapist motivation, and reduced therapist and client attrition.
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the proton exchange rate in the operator-promoter DNA sequence of the trp operon of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The dynamic behavior of a palindromic oligonucleotide (C-G-T-A-C-T-A-G-T-T-A-A-C-T-A-G-T-A-C-G) representative of the operator sequence and containing the Pribnow box of the trp operon of Escherichia coli was investigated. The resonances of the imino protons and of the H2 protons of the adenosine residues were all assigned. The opening rate constants of the base-pairs were calculated by monitoring the exchange rate of the observable imino protons (nine out of ten), using selective temperature ( T 1 ) measurements, which avoid the complication of cross-relaxation and spin diffusion. These measurements have to be performed in conditions where the exchange process is much faster than the opening and closing of the base-pairs, so that the observed exchange rate is equal to the opening rate. It is shown that the catalysis of the exchange process by phosphate dianions is not very efficient ( k B ≈ 7 × 10 4 M −1 S −1 ). Hence, in phosphate buffer, the necessary opening-rate limiting condition is met only at high pH values (≈9.5) where efficient catalysis by OH − takes place, or at very high buffer concentration. While G · C base-pairs show very little exchange, acting in the sequence as molecular “staples”, the A · T base-pairs that are protected from the fraying have very different opening and closing rates, depending on the sequence. Although it seems possible that the opening process could occur at the base-pair level, it is localized at most to two base-pairs in that particular sequence. The activation energies for the opening process of all non-fraying base-pairs are very similar (19 ± 1 kcal mol −1 ; 1 cal = 4.184 J), and the differences in the opening rates are essentially due to differences in the activation entropies. With regard to the role of this sequence in the promoter, it is observed that the end of the Pribnow box exchanges relatively easily, and that the activation parameters for the “breathing” process and for the isomerization step of the promoter-RNA polymerase are not very different.
Nutritional characteristics of recreational women runners

Abstract We used three day diet records to determine and compare the nutrient intake in 108 premenopausal recreational runners and 34 control women. Overall, the nutrient intake profiles of the two groups were similar. Using univariate distribution analyses, we observed that over 80% of the runners did not obtain RDA levels of iron, calcium and zinc. We also analyzed the nutrient profiles of the runners by age and by weekly miles run. When studied by age, we observed that the older runners (36 or older) had significantly greater intakes of iron, magnesium, vitamin B 6 , caffeine and dietary fiber than those of younger runners. When studied by weekly miles run, we observed that the women who ran more than 8 miles per week had significantly greater intake of caffeine. Those who ran 4–8 miles per week had significantly greater intake of iron, magnesium, vitamin B 6 and dietary fiber. We conclude that suboptimal intake of iron, calcium and zinc is prevalent among recreational women runners.
Onn-distant Hamiltonian line graphs

The diameter diam G of a connected graph G is max . . . . v(c~ de(u, v) where do(u, v) denotes the distance between vertices u and v of G. A connected graph G is called n-distant hamiltonian, 0 2, the iterated line graph L"(G) is defined to be L(Lm-I(G)). The purpose of this note is to investigate the relationship between line graphs and the property of being n-distant hamiltonian, n_~0. Terminology and notation will be consistent with that found in [1]. If G is an n-distant hamiltonian graph, 0-~ n -~ diam G, it is natural to ask for which values of k the line graph of G is k-distant hamiltonian. It is known, for example, that if G is 0-distant hamiltonian, then L(G) is 0-distant hamiltonian (see [2]). Our first theorem deals with the question posed above. For convenience, we will adopt the convention that if e is an edge of a graph G, then ~ denotes the vertex of L(G) which corresponds to e. Clearly, if e=u lU 2 and f=v lv2 are distinct edges of a connected graph G, then dL(o)(e, f) = minl_<i.j<2 {d~(ui, v~)}+ 1.
Phenotypic characteristics of lymphoid populations of middle gestation human fetal liver, spleen and thymus

Abstract Mononuclear cells isolated from liver, spleen and thymus of fetuses between 18 and 24 weeks gestational age were stained for a number of lymphoid cell markers by indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed by flow cytometry. Studies were carried out on freshly isolated mononuclear cell preparations and on cultured cells after selective expansion in interleukin 2 (IL2). Many mononuclear cells in fresh isolates of liver and spleen could not be identified with antibodies to mature T- and B-cell markers. An average of 3% of isolated liver cells and 34% of isolated spleen cells stained positively for CD3, and 19% of liver cells and 37% of spleen cells stained positively for CD20. Lymphoid cells of the fetal thymus were an average 67% CD3 + , 76% CD4 + , 84% CD8 + , and showed greater CD45RO staining (93%) than mononuclear cells of other tissues. Propagation of liver and spleen cell populations in culture favored CD3 phenotypes and CD8 phenotypes. Propagated T cell populations of liver and spleen were primarily TCR αβ+ (81% in liver, 85% in spleen), suggesting a selective advantage in IL2 expansion of α/β T cells over γ/δ T cells. Propagated γ/δ T cells of liver and spleen were predominantly TCR γδ2+. Whereas propagated cells of liver and spleen consisted of approximately 10% γ/δ + cells, thymus-derived cells expanded in culture were only an average of 2% TCR γ/δ + , demonstrating a rarity of IL2-responslve γ/δ T cells in middle gestation fetal thymus.
Dynamics of the Preflare Magnetic Field

Many theories of the solar flare process invoke storage of energy in the active region magnetic field above the solar photosphere. Observational evidence relating to such storage is rather unsatisfactory owing to our inability to observe the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field. Indirect evidence comes from changes in structures presumed to trace the magnetic field, from changes in the line-of-sight and transverse components of the photospheric magnetic field, from mass flow patterns observed by proper motions and line-of-sight Doppler shifts, and from radio observations. These data tend to confirm that energy sufficient to produce flares can be stored in active region magnetic fields with a characteristic time scale of hours but critical observation are not yet available.
An ultraviolet rocket stellar spectrometer

The Ultraviolet Rocket Spectrometer (UVR) was developed to measure stellar spectra in the wavelength interval 1100 A to 4000 A. The UVR consists of a 33 cm Dall-Kirkham telescope which provides input to a spectrometer utilizing a plane grating in convergent light. The f/#11.9 system is such that the apparent coma of the plane grating is compensated for by the coma of the tilted spherical spectrometer mirror. Two exit slits are located at compromise focal positions and cover the total scan of 2900 A in two bands with a central overlap of approximately 1300 A. Spectral scan is cam operated and grating position is indicated by a marker generator related to cam rotation. The absolute response function of the flight unit is established by the simultaneous exposure of calibrated photomultipliers (PMT) and the UVR to the same monochromatic beam of collimated light. Analyses of spectra recorded in the laboratory indicate performance consistent or better than the 3 A equivalent width of the UVR exit slits.
Live data views: programming pervasive applications that use "timely" and "dynamic" data

In the absence of generic programming abstractions for dynamic data in most enterprise programming environments, individual applications treat data streams as a special case requiring custom programming. With the growing number of live data sources such as RSS feeds, messaging and presence servers, multimedia streams, and sensor data. a general-purpose client-server programming model is needed to easily incorporate live data into applications. In this paper, we present Live Data Views, a programming abstraction that represents live data as a time-windowed view over a set of data streams. Live Data Views allow applications to create and retrieve stateful abstractions of dynamic data sources in a uniform manner, via the application of intra- and inter- stream operators. We provide details of our model and evaluate a proof-of-concept Live Data Views implementation to monitor traffic conditions on a highway. We also provide the preliminary design of a J2EE-based implementation, and outline some of the research challenges raised by this abstraction in a distributed computing environment.
The role of the coagulation cascade in brain edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage

The coagulation cascade has a potential role in brain edema formation due to intracerebral hemorrhage. In this study blood and other solutions were injected stereotactically into the right basal ganglia in rats. Twenty-four hours following injection, brain water and ion contents were measured to determine the amount of brain edema. Intracerebral blood resulted in an increase in brain water content. The amount of brain edema surrounding the intracerebral hematoma was reduced by a thrombin inhibitor N alpha-(2-Naphthalenesulfonylglycyl)-4-amidino-DL-phenylalaninep iperidide, (alpha-NAPAP) infused into the hematoma after the clot had been allowed to solidify. The inhibitor did not alter the actual size of the clot mass. An artificial clot composed of fibrinogen, thrombin, and styrene microspheres also produced brain edema. A fibrin clot led to edema formation even in the absence of mass effect provided by the microspheres. The single component responsible for production of brain edema in all these models was thrombin. The edema was formed in response to a fibrinogen-independent pathway. These results indicate that the coagulation cascade is involved in brain edema that develops adjacent to an intracerebral hematoma.
Local watermarks: methodology and application to behavioral synthesis

Recently, the electronic design automation industry has adopted the intellectual property (IP) business model as a dominant system-on-chip development platform. Since copyright fraud has been recognized as the most devastating obstruction to this model, a number of techniques for IP protection have been introduced. Most of them rely on a selection of a global solution to a design optimization problem according to a unique user-specific digital signature. Although such techniques provide strong proof of authorship, they fail to provide an effective procedure for watermark detection when a protected core design is augmented into a larger design. To address this fundamental issue, we introduce local watermarks, an IP protection technique which facilitates watermark detection in many realistic design and adversarial scenarios, while satisfying the demand for low overhead and design transparency. We demonstrate the efficiency of the new IP protection paradigm by applying its principles to a set of behavioral synthesis tasks such as operation scheduling and template matching.
Generating quantitative models describing the sequence specificity of biological processes with the stabilized matrix method

Many processes in molecular biology involve the recognition of short sequences of nucleic-or amino acids, such as the binding of immunogenic peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. From experimental data, a model of the sequence specificity of these processes can be constructed, such as a sequence motif, a scoring matrix or an artificial neural network. The purpose of these models is two-fold. First, they can provide a summary of experimental results, allowing for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in sequence recognition. Second, such models can be used to predict the experimental outcome for yet untested sequences. In the past we reported the development of a method to generate such models called the Stabilized Matrix Method (SMM). This method has been successfully applied to predicting peptide binding to MHC molecules, peptide transport by the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) and proteasomal cleavage of protein sequences. Herein we report the implementation of the SMM algorithm as a publicly available software package. Specific features determining the type of problems the method is most appropriate for are discussed. Advantageous features of the package are: (1) the output generated is easy to interpret, (2) input and output are both quantitative, (3) specific computational strategies to handle experimental noise are built in, (4) the algorithm is designed to effectively handle bounded experimental data, (5) experimental data from randomized peptide libraries and conventional peptides can easily be combined, and (6) it is possible to incorporate pair interactions between positions of a sequence. Making the SMM method publicly available enables bioinformaticians and experimental biologists to easily access it, to compare its performance to other prediction methods, and to extend it to other applications.
Protein-enriched meal replacements do not adversely affect liver, kidney or bone density: an outpatient randomized controlled trial.

There is concern that recommending protein-enriched meal replacements as part of a weight management program could lead to changes in biomarkers of liver or renal function and reductions in bone density. This study was designed as a placebo-controlled clinical trial utilizing two isocaloric meal plans utilizing either a high protein-enriched (HP) or a standard protein (SP) meal replacement in an outpatient weight loss program. 100 obese men and women over 30 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) between 27 to 40 kg/m2 were randomized to one of two isocaloric weight loss meal plans 1). HP group: providing 2.2 g protein/kg of lean body mass (LBM)/day or 2). SP group: providing 1.1 g protein/kg LBM/day. Meal replacement (MR) was used twice daily (one meal, one snack) for 3 months and then once a day for 9 months. Body weight, lipid profiles, liver function, renal function and bone density were measured at baseline and 12 months. Seventy subjects completed the study. Both groups lost weight (HP -4.29 ± 5.90 kg vs. SP -4.66 ± 6.91 kg, p < 0.01) and there was no difference in weight loss observed between the groups at one year. There was no significant change noted in liver function [AST (HP -2.07 ± 10.32 U/L, p = 0.28; SP 0.27 ± 6.67 U/L, p = 0.820), ALT (HP -1.03 ± 10.08 U/L, p = 0.34; SP -2.6 ± 12.51 U/L, p = 0.24), bilirubin (HP 0.007 ± 0.33, U/L, p = 0.91; SP 0.07 ± 0.24 U/L, p = 0.120), alkaline phosphatase (HP 2.00 ± 9.07 U/L, p = 0.240; SP -2.12 ± 11.01 U/L, p = 0.280)], renal function [serum creatinine (HP 0.31 ± 1.89 mg/dL, p = 0.380; SP -0.05 ± 0.15 mg/dL, p = 0.060), urea nitrogen (HP 1.33 ± 4.68 mg/dL, p = 0.130; SP -0.24 ± 3.03 mg/dL, p = 0.650), 24 hour urine creatinine clearance (HP -0.02 ± 0.16 mL/min, p = 0.480; SP 1.18 ± 7.53 mL/min, p = 0.400), and calcium excretion (HP -0.41 ± 9.48 mg/24 hours, p = 0.830; SP -0.007 ± 6.76 mg/24 hours, p = 0.990)] or in bone mineral density by DEXA (HP 0.04 ± 0.19 g/cm2, p = 0.210; SP -0.03 ± 0.17 g/cm2, p = 0.320) in either group over one year. These studies demonstrate that protein-enriched meals replacements as compared to standard meal replacements recommended for weight management do not have adverse effects on routine measures of liver function, renal function or bone density at one year. Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01030354.
The morbidity and mortality of vermiculite miners and millers exposed to tremolite-actinolite: Part I. Exposure estimates

The vermiculite ore and concentrate of a mine and mill near Libby, Montana, was found to be contaminated with fibrous tremolite-actinolite. Of 599 fibers (length greater than 5 microns and width greater than 0.45 micron) counted in eight airborne membrane filter samples, 96% had an aspect ratio greater than 10 and 16% had an aspect ratio greater than 50. Additionally, 73% of the fibers were longer than 10 microns, 36% were longer than 20 microns, and 10% were longer than 40 microns. Estimates of exposure before 1964 in the dry mill were 168 fibers/cc for working areas, 182 fibers/cc for sweepers, 88 fibers/cc for skipping, and 13 fibers/cc for the quality control laboratory. In 1964-1971, exposure estimates for these areas were 33, 36, 17, and 3 fibers/cc, respectively. Estimates of exposures in the mine before 1971 ranged from 9-23 fibers/cc for drillers and were less than 2 fibers/cc for nondrilling jobs. All 8-hr TWA job exposure estimates decreased from 1972-1976, and from 1977-1982 were less than 1 fiber/cc.
Electrophysiologic Evidence for Anterior Horn Cell Disease in Amyoplasia

Amyoplasia is the most common subtype of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Children exhibit congenital muscle aplasia or hypoplasia, resulting in symmetric limb contractures that occur in a characteristic pattern. A high incidence of midforehead capillary hemangiomas, micrognathia, and minor genital anomalies also occurs with this disorder. The etiology and specific site of injury in amyoplasia remain unclear. Previous muscle biopsy and electrophysiologic studies could not differentiate between neurogenic or myogenic causes. We describe five children with amyoplasia. Four children demonstrated electrophysiologic features consistent with motor neuronopathy. A careful segmental needle electromyography study revealed variable involvement at different myotomes. We hypothesize that the anterior horn cell may represent the site of disease in a subset of children with amyoplasia.
Lipidlösungen zur Therapie der Lokalanästhetikaintoxikation

Intoxikationen mit Lokalanasthetika sind seltene, aber potenziell lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen. Besonders lang wirksame Lokalanasthetika konnen aufgrund ihrer hohen Lipophilie einen prolongierten Kreislaufstillstand verursachen. Zentralnervose Symptome, wie Verwirrtheit, Schwindel und Krampfanfalle, sind haufige Vorboten einer Kreislaufdekompensation. In ersten Fallberichten am Menschen konnten Lipidlosungen nach Intoxikation mit Lokalanasthetika stabile Kreislaufverhaltnisse zugig wiederherstellen. Bei begrundetem Verdacht auf eine Intoxikation sollte die Lokalanasthetikazufuhr – wenn moglich – umgehend unterbrochen und eine Hypoxie bzw. Acidose durch Sauerstoffgabe sowie Beatmung verhindert werden. Ein Krampfanfall sollte medikamentos durchbrochen werden. Bei auftretendem Kreislaufstillstand muss die leitliniengerechte Reanimation erfolgen. Erst danach ist als Erganzung zur herkommlichen Reanimation eine Lipidgabe indiziert. Lipidlosungen sollten in allen Raumlichkeiten verfugbar sein, in denen Lokalanasthetika Verwendung finden.
On the stability of one-dimensional diffusion flames established between plane, parallel, porous walls

A one-dimensional, non-premixed flame stability analysis is undertaken. Oscillatory and cellular flame instabilities are identified by a careful study of the numerically calculated eigenvalues of the linearized system of equations. The numerical investigation details the critical locations for changes in flame behaviour, as well as the critical values of various parameters that affect flame stability. A critical Lewis number, greater than unity, is identified as the value where unstable oscillations may begin to appear (Le > Lec) and for which cellular flames can exist (Le < Lec). Some prior discussions are clarified regarding the aforementioned critical values, as well as the role of convection in producing flame instabilities. The methodology of the stability analysis is discussed in detail.
Empirical Identification of Techniques Useful for Counseling Patients with Diabetes

Instruction for counseling patients with diabetes is based primarily on intuition from clinical experience and inferences from related research. To identify potentially useful counseling techniques, we elicited descrip tions of effective skills from analogue patients (APs) who played the roles of diabetic patients in practice counseling sessions with nurse and dietitian course participants. APs were first- and second-year graduate students in psychology, trained to play one offour patient roles. After each role play, the APs provided written feedback regarding "three things the counselor did that I felt best about. " The two most frequently cited behaviors were (1) consid ering needs other than those related to diabetes in making adherence recommendations, and (2) providing clear, concrete advice. Further research with actual diabetic patients is needed to validate the present findings and to explore such ambiguities as when to give advice versus when to ask questions.
PRELIMINARY MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE RADULA-LESS DORIDS (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA), BASED ON 16S MTDNA SEQUENCE DATA

Maximum-parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S mtDNA gene, obtained from several dorid nudibranch taxa, suggests that the radula-less dorids are likely to be a monophyletic group. However, there is little support for the most basal branches of the radula-less dorid clade. Most of the traditional groups within the radula-less dorids are monophyletic and for the most part well supported. These include the genera Dendrodoris, Doriopsilla, Reticulidia, Phyllidiella and Phyllidia (when Fryeria is included in Phyllidia). On the contrary, the family Dendrodorididae and the genus Phyllidiopsis are paraphyletic. Branch support for those arrangements that differ from the topology of previously published morphological trees is poor. Data obtained from the 16S mtDNA gene seem to be adequate to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of derived clades of radula-less dorids, but longer sequences are necessary to obtain more information at the most basal nodes.
Complementary Objectivity and Ideology: Reifying White Capitalist Hierarchies in Time Magazine’s Construction of Michelle Rhee

Time’s coverage of Michelle Rhee employs “complementary objectivity” to simultaneously support White capitalist values manifest in Rhee’s pro-market educational reform proposals and to contain the person of Rhee evident in the use of historical stereotypes of Asian Pacific Americans. This use of objectivity creates a sense of impartial coverage while hiding alternative, especially labor, critiques, maintaining racist hierarchies, and promoting White interests.
Multisite RNA Binding and Release of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein during the Regulation of c-src Neural-Specific Splicing

We studied the role of polypyrimidine tract binding protein in repressing splicing of the c-src neuron-specific N1 exon. Immunodepletion/add-back experiments demonstrate that PTB is essential for splicing repression in HeLa extract. When splicing is repressed, PTB cross-links to intronic CUCUCU elements flanking the N1 exon. Mutation of the downstream CU elements causes dissociation of PTB from the intact upstream CU elements and allows splicing. Thus, PTB molecules bound to multiple elements cooperate to repress splicing. Interestingly, in neuronal WERI-1 cell extract where N1 is spliced, PTB also binds to the upstream CU elements but is dissociated in the presence of ATP. We conclude that splicing repression by PTB is modulated in different cells by a combination of cooperative binding and ATP-dependent dissociation.
Two codes or one?: The insiders' view and the description of codeswitching in Dakar

Abstract In describing the different types of Wolof/French codeswitching used in Dakar, the author questions the assumption found in many codeswitching studies that the use of two languages within a single conversation violates a norm and must therefore be explained. In Dakar, the use of ‘purposive’ codeswitching by bilinguals is relatively uncommon, as is the use of Wolof and French in their respectively pure forms. It is instead a fluid and unmarked switching between Wolof and French, ‘Urban Wolof,’ that has become the most common mode of speech among urban bilinguals. It is suggested that Urban Wolof be considered a third and separate code rather than the alternate use of two languages, and furthermore that the sociolinguistic models currently available in the codeswitching literature are not appropriate for the analysis of this bilingual phenomenon. Two aspects of Urban Wolof, central to an understanding of its sociolinguistic role, but surrounded by paradox and ambivalence, are then presented: 1) its...
Learning Mathematics and Science through Play

(1987). Learning Mathematics and Science through Play. Childhood Education: Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 167-171.
Entropic Method for Sequencing Discrete Design Decisions

Early stages of engineering design processes are characterized by high levels of uncertainty due to incomplete knowledge. As the design progresses, additional information is externally added or internally generated within the design process. As a result, the design solution becomes increasingly well-defined and the uncertainty of the problem reduces, diminishing to zero at the end of the process when the design is fully defined. In this research a measure of uncertainty is proposed for a class of engineering design problems called discrete design problems. Previously, three components of complexity in engineering design, namely, size, coupling and solvability, were identified. In this research uncertainty is measured in terms of the number of design variables (size) and the dependency between the variables (coupling). The solvability of each variable is assumed to be uniform for the sake of simplicity. The dependency between two variables is measured as the effect of a decision made on one variable on the solution options available to the other variable. A measure of uncertainty is developed based on this premise, and applied to an example problem to monitor uncertainty reduction through the design process. Results are used to identify and compare three task-sequencing strategies in engineering design.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Neuron Culture from Mouse Superior Cervical Ganglion

The rodent superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is a useful and readily accessible source of neurons for studying the mechanisms of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) development and growth in vitro. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) of early postnatal animals undergoes a great deal of remodeling and development; thus, neurons taken from mice at this age are primed to re-grow and establish synaptic connections after in situ removal. The stereotypic location and size of the SCG make it ideal for rapid isolation and dissociation. The protocol described here details the requirements for the dissection, culture and differentiation of SCG neurons. The protocol is suitable for culturing neurons from late embryonic gestation to approximately postnatal day 3. The culture technique discussed below utilizes glass coverslips for the microscopic examination of fixed cells.
Practical Mathematics in the Drawings of Baldassarre Peruzzi and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

Combining technical practice with aesthetic intent, Renaissance architecture was by nature a mathematical art. Although the limitations of surviving documents hinder efforts to discern what Italian Renaissance architects knew of mathematics, where they learned it, and how they applied this knowledge, extant drawings from the period offer one means of addressing these questions. Inscribed numerals and calculations, in particular, abound in the drawings by two leading architects of early sixteenth-century Italy, Baldassarre Peruzzi and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, suggesting that both attained a high degree of numeracy. Comparing these contemporaries is also revealing since, while each incorporated mathematics as a central element in their architectural practice, their approaches diverge in ways that point to and illuminate significant differences in their background and design methods.
Driver types and their behaviors within a high level of pedestrian activity environment

Driver behavior analysis has recently been the focus of research to enhance traffic simulation modeling. Previous research has developed algorithms to model different driver types in both urban networks and freeways, and defined driver behavioral parameters based on pre-categorized driver groups. However, driver behaviors within the more confined, low speed, high pedestrian flow environment (such as CBD of a major city, urban downtown, campus) may be quite different and research concentrating on such locations is limited. The objective of this study is to assess and evaluate the relation between driver type and driver behavior within a relatively restrictive environment with high levels of pedestrian–vehicle interactions and develop suitable schemes to categorize driver types. To meet this objective, the University of Florida campus environment was used as the starting point of analyzing such driver types and behaviors, and a diverse pool of drivers was selected based on age, gender, driving experiences, ...
Extent of inhibition and utilization of volatile fatty acids as carbon sources for activated sludge microbial consortia dedicated for biodiesel production

The extent of inhibition and utilization of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid fed to activated sludge was studied using inhibition test and microbial oil accumulation. The effects of total VFAs loading and mass fraction of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the VFAs mix were found significant factors on the inhibition on activated sludge. Almost complete inhibition occurred at total VFAs loading 10 g/L and 20 g/L. These trends were confirmed using microbial oil accumulation experiments at the regions of maximum and minimum inhibition. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profiles from the microbial oil extracts were suitable for biodiesel production. The individual effects of pH and acid concentration were also tested and found as significant contributing effects into the inhibition. To demonstrate the improvement in microbial oil accumulation of activated sludge a fed-batch feeding of acetic acid via acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer was done in 5-L bioreactor. The acetic acid fed was consumed, activated sludge biomass growth was continuous, and microbial oil increased. These findings indicated that VFAs loading and composition must be accounted in design of an activated sludge microbial system dedicated for biodiesel production operating on VFAs platform.
Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility: Past, Present and Future

During the past decade the field of youth development has grown by leaps and bounds. With this growth have emerged numerous initiatives addressing challenges that many youth face in their community — especially youth living in underserved communities. These initiatives have been guided by a number of various curricular models.This article provides an overview of how the teaching for personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model has evolved. Its birthplace — a gym — is described where things were tried out, ideas tested, and learning about what worked and what did not work took place. Secondly, the present-day applications of the TPSR are examined — its use by a variety of professionals who work with kids in numerous settings (and ways). Finally, the article concludes with an assessment of the TPSR model and its future role in youth development programming. This will include a portrayal of school and community-based programs: their future missions, support and ideological underpinnings. Problems that fac...
Frequency Characteristics of Power Grid at Sending End of Split Large-Scale Interconnected Regional Power Grid and Corresponding Over-Frequency Generator-Tripping Scheme

At present an ultra high voltage(UHV) AC interconnected structure composed of North China power grid with Central China power grid has been formed, and at the beginning stage of the interconnection it is necessary to research the frequency stabilities of North China power grid and Central China power grid after the splitting of the interconnected power grid via the UHV tie line. Based on the dispatching data of Central China power grid, which includes the dispatching data of Sichuan power grid and Chongqing power grid, the analytic expressions of the frequency deviation of large-scale interconnected regional power grid are derived to grasp the highest frequency and the steady state frequency characteristics during the frequency variation; on this basis, by means of constructing equivalent loaded single machine model of Central China power grid the optimal frequency band, the least capacity of the tripped generators and the more appropriate proportions for different tripping rounds during the over-frequency generator tripping in Central China power grid are researched. Finally, an over-frequency generator-tripping scheme suitable for Central China power grid is proposed, and its adaptability is validated by simulation results.
The study of application of the Spleen-Stomach theory in children health care

This paper made preliminary study on the relationship between the Spleen-Stomach theory in Chinese medicine and health preserving of children.Corporeity of children are often in insufficiency of spleen.The Spleen is the source of nutrients for growth and development,and the Spleen-Stomach provide the material basis of the acquired constitution which is closely linked with children's physiological functions and pathological changes;It's an important method of caring physical health of children that conditioning spleen and stomach.
Gendered Manifestations of Depression and Help Seeking Among Men.

Men who do not seek help for mental health problems may experience unnecessary suffering which ultimately affects the well-being of themselves and others. Gendered manifestations of depressive symp...
Backscatter Matrix Observations by The GV-HSRL

The GV-HSRL is a high spectral resolution lidar capable of measuring calibrated backscatter, extinction and circular depolarization from the ground or NSF Gulfstream V platform. In the spring of 2012, the instrument was modified to measure the full backscatter matrix of atmospheric scatterers. This modification enabled us to investigate the polarization properties of oriented particles and further understand where particles orient and how they may impact depolarization lidar data. Observations were performed from the ground at different times with the lidar’s tilt angle at 4°, 22° and 32° degrees off zenith. This instrument found oriented ice crystals only produced observable polarization effects at the 32° lidar tilt angle. By contrast, a significant fraction of rain observations have oriented scattering matrices at all three lidar tilt angles. Thus conventional depolarization lidar is generally well suited for characterizing ice crystals but not liquid precipitation.Oriented ice crystals are most commonly investigated by looking for specular scatter from horizontally oriented plates. While this method offers excellent sensitivity to small populations of oriented plats, it has very little capability to determine the fraction of oriented plates if the population is larger than about 1%. We show here that observing f 12 scattering matrix element at 32° off zenith may be more effective for estimating the oriented fraction of particles in a volume.
Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) position papers.

The Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) is an organization, comprised mainly of Pharm D.s in academia, industry, and hospital practice, whose professional orientation is in the area of infectious disease pharmacotherapy. SIDP membership has deemed it necessary to produce position statements on issues of concern to the infectious disease community. This article is an overview of SIDP, along with a description of their guidelines for position statement development. The value of any organization's position statement(s) is influenced by a multitude of factors (e.g., author's expertise, accuracy, evidence, opinion, etc.); thus, some degree of scrutiny is advised.
Molecular-Dynamics Simulations of C 60 /He Collisions

It has been reported[1] that collisions between C 60 + and He with energies in the tens of electron volts in the center-of-mass reference frame produce not only the expected smaller fullerene fragments but also many of their He adducts. More recently, C60He+ has been observed as a collision product[2] and some evidence indicates that the He atom resides within the fullerene cage. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations for collisions between C60 and He with the goal of studying the details of the trapping process. Direct scattering from the outside of the cluster, transmission through the cluster, and trapping of the He atom within the cluster were observed. Relative abundances of C60He+ are calculated as a function of the collision energy and are compared with experimental measurements.
Criteria for Meaning Changes in Theoretical Physics

A theory can be revised by replacing or modifying one or more of its component statements. Such revision is usually thought of as and often is of a straightforward factual claim. The discovery of a tenth planet would require simply that one specification of the solar system’s components be replaced by another in the classical mechanical theory of the solar system’s motion. The concepts used in this theory, e.g. ‘mass’, ‘force’, ‘natural satellite’, seemingly suffer no revision as a consequence of this type of theoretical revision.