cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
US News and World Report Cancer Hospital Rankings: Do They Reflect Measures of Research Productivity?

Context: Prior research has faulted the US News and World Report hospital specialty rankings for excessive reliance on reputation, a subjective measure of a hospital’s performance. Objective: To determine whether and to what extent reputation correlates with objective measures of research productivity among cancer hospitals. Design: A retrospective observational study. Setting: Automated search of NIH Reporter, BioEntrez, BioMedline and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. Participants: The 50 highest ranked cancer hospitals in 2013’s US News and World Report Rankings. Exposure: We ascertained the number of NCI funded grants, and the cumulative funds received by each cancer center. Additionally, we identified the number of phase I, phase II, and phase III studies published and indexed in MEDLINE, and registered at clinicaltrials.gov. All counts were over the preceding 5 years. For published articles, we summed the impact factor of the journals in which they appeared. Trials were attributed to centers on the basis of the affiliation of the lead author or study principal investigator. Main Outcome: Correlation coefficients from simple and multiple linear regressions for measures of research productivity and a center’s reputation. Results: All measures of research productivity demonstrated robust correlation with reputation (mean r-squared =0.65, median r-squared=0.68, minimum r-squared=.41, maximum r-squared=0.80). A multivariable model showed that 93% of the variation in reputation is explained by objective measures. Conclusion: Contrary to prior criticism, the majority of reputation, used in US News and World Rankings, can be explained by objective measures of research productivity among cancer hospitals.
Anergy during pregnancy

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether the prevalence of anergy is higher among pregnant women than among nonpregnant women. Study Design: Sixty human immunodeficiency virus–seronegative women (n = 30 pregnant, n=30 nonpregnant) from the Duke University Medical Center (Durham, North Carolina) clinic were enrolled. Skin tests were performed with purified protein derivative of tuberculin, Candida antigen, mumps antigen, and tetanus toxoid. A power calculation was done to determine adequate sample size, and data were analyzed with the Fisher exact test and the t test. Results: Three women in each group did not have a response to any of the antigens tested, for an anergy prevalence of 10%. Pregnant women were less likely to have a reaction to skin testing with tetanus toxoid than were nonpregnant women (10% vs 40%; P Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus–seronegative pregnant women did not appear to have a higher prevalence of anergy than that seen among comparable nonpregnant women. Human immunodeficiency virus–seronegative pregnant women who are being evaluated with the purified protein derivative of tuberculin skin test are therefore unlikely to need anergy skin testing just because they are pregnant. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1090-2.)
Note on use of extreme criterion groups in item discrimination analysis

The purpose of this note is to reconsider the Kelley-Cureton definition of optimal extreme groups for estimating item-criterion correlations. Optimal tail per cents are derived, using the criterion of minimum sampling variance of the tetrachoric correlation coefficient, and the findings are related to earlier work of Mosteller. It is shown that upper and lower 27 per cent groups yield the most precise estimate of the tetrachoric coefficient only when the population correlation is close to zero. When the population value is .4, extreme 20 per cent groups provide estimates with the smallest sampling error variance. It is further shown, however, that 27 per cent extremes yield highly efficient estimates. Thus no change is recommended in traditional item analysis procedures.
Long-term outcomes of the distal urethral polypropylene sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence.

Long-term outcomes of the distal urethral polypropylene sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence
Diffusion tensor imaging of the spinal cord: a review

O exame por imagem de ressonância magnetica utilizando a tecnica de tensores de difusao (DTI, Diffusion tensor imaging) consegue medir a magnitude e direcao da difusao de moleculas de agua em varios tecidos. A DTI esta comecando a ser usada para avaliar uma serie de patologias da medula espinal, tanto para prognosticos como para orientar o tratamento. O presente artigo revisa a literatura sobre DTI da medula espinhal, em modelos animais e humanos, em diferentes condicoes neurocirurgicas. A DTI da medula espinal e promissora para lesoes traumaticas da medula, mielopatia espondilotica cervical e tumores intramedulares. Contudo, os protocolos de escaneamento e processamento de imagens precisam ser refinados e padronizados.
Perception of heading during rotation: sufficiency of dense motion parallax and reference objects.

Abstract How do observers perceive the path of self-motion during rotation? Previous research suggests that extra-retinal information about eye movements is necessary at high rotation rates (2–5°/s), but those experiments used sparse random-dot displays. With dense texture-mapped displays, we find the path can be perceived from retinal flow alone at high simulated rotation rates if (a) dense motion parallax and (b) at least one reference object are available. We propose that the visual system determines instantaneous heading from the first-order motion parallax field, and recovers the path of self-motion by updating heading over time with respect to reference objects in the scene.
First record of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare genomovar II from bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque), with observations on associated lesions

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of ‘columnaris disease’ (Davis 1922), a disease that kills or debilitates a wide ecological and phylogenetic spectrum of temperate and tropical freshwater fish (Bernardet 1989; Bernardet & Grimont 1989; Bernardet et al. 1996; Olivares-Fuster et al. 2007; Bullard, McElwain & Arias 2011). It is regarded as a predominant pathogen of fish maintained in both food production aquaculture systems and the ornamental fish trade (Decostere et al. 1999a,b; Schneck & Caslake 2006), and it is of special interest in warm-water aquaculture ponds in the southeastern US, where it is regarded as one of the primary bacterial pathogens that constrains culture of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) (see Thune, Stanley & Cooper 1993; Plumb 1999). Much of the biological information about this bacterium derives from aquaculture epizootics (Olivares-Fuster et al. 2007, 2011), wherein columnaris disease is marked by epidermal sloughing and scale loss concomitant with a symmetrical body discolouration that has been called ‘saddleback’ lesion (Cone, Miller & Austin 1980; Bullard et al. 2011). The 3 genomovars (Ursing et al. 1995) of F. columnare (see Triyanto & Wakabayashi 1999) exhibit differential virulence (Arias et al. 2004; ThomasJinu & Goodwin 2004; Darwish & Ismaiel 2005; Shoemaker et al. 2008), but information on their prevalence, host distribution and pathobiology is largely indeterminate. Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, is a widely introduced centrarchid that ranges throughout the Mississippi River and adjacent basins in North America. This fish was co-introduced as a forage fish for the recreationally prized largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede), and its populations thrive along with those of largemouth bass in lakes, ponds and creek pools as well as densely vegetated shorelines of impoundments (Boschung & Mayden 2004). Bluegill is a generalist omnivore that tolerates a wide range of salinities and thermal regimes, which has contributed to its high level of invasiveness: now a documented invasive species in >20 countries (Kawamura et al. 2006; Fuller, Nico & Williams 1999). During 19–23 April 2012, a significant bluegill kill occurred throughout a series of hydrologically linked earthen ponds located in east-central Alabama (32°40′51.89′′N; 85°30′39.73′′W). Moribund bluegill were sampled for bacterial analysis with a sterile loop and cultured on Shieh agar supplemented with tobramycin at a concentration of 1 lg mL 1 (Decostere, Haesebrouck & Devriese 1997) at 28 °C for 48 h. Rhizoid, yellowpigmented colonies were considered putative F. columnare cultures and were re-isolated on Shieh agar lacking antibiotic. Pure cultures were incubated in Shieh broth at 28 °C with shaking Correspondence S A Bullard Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA (e-mail: ash.bullard@auburn. edu)
THE LIFE ASSESSMENT OF STEAM TURBINE ROTORS FOR FOSSIL POWER PLANTS

The operational mode of thermal power plants has been changed from base load to duty cycle. From the changeover, fossil power plants cannot avoid frequent thermal transient states, for example, start up and stop, which results in thermal fatigue damage at the heavy section components. The rotor is the highest capital cost component in a steam turbine and requires long outage for replacing with a new one. For an optimized power plant operational life, inspection management of the rotor is necessary. It is known in general that the start-up and shutdown operations greatly affect the steam turbine life. The start-up operational condition is especially severe because of the rapid temperature and rotational speed increase, which causes damage and reduction of life of the main components life of the steam turbine. The start-up stress of a rotor which is directly related to life is composed of thermal and rotational stresses. The thermal stress is due to the variation of steam flow temperature and rotational stress is due to the rotational speed of the turbine. In this paper, the analysis method for the start-up stress of a rotor is proposed, which considers simultaneously temperature and rotational speed transition, and includes a case study regarding a 500MW fossil power plant steam turbine rotor. Also, the method of quantitative damage estimation for fatigue-creep damage to operational conditions, is described. The method can be applied to find weak points for fatigue-creep damage. Using the method, total life consumption can be obtained, and can be also be used for determining future operational modes and life extension of old fossil power units.
Symptomatic coronary cameral fistula

Coronary cameral fistula is a rare entity and is characterized by an abnormal communication between coronary artery and a cardiac chamber. It is usually congenital and asymptomatic in majority of patients. If symptomatic the patients usually present in childhood. We present a case of 45-year-old male who presented with anginal chest pain and dyspnea on exertion for last 1 year. His exercise treadmill test was positive for ischemic changes and ECG-gated contrast enhanced CT was done for further evaluation. CT showed a large right coronary artery to right atrium fistula. It also ruled out any coronary atherosclerosis as reason for chest pain and ischemic symptoms on exercise treadmill test. The fistula was successfully closed by surgery and there was resolution of chest pain and dyspnea.
Short Subsurface Cracks Under Conditions of Slip and Stick Caused by a Moving Compressive Load

The mechanism of spoiling failure in rolling contact is modeled by an elastic halfplane with a subsurface crack parallel to the surface, loaded by a compressive normal force which moves over the surface. Coulomb friction at the crack faces reduces the Mode II Stress Intensity Factors and results in a number of historydependent slip-stick configurations. The formulation used to study these involves a singular integral equation in two variables which must be solved numerically, and because of the history dependence, requires in an incremental solution. Only crack lengths and coefficients of friction that result in a maximum of two slip or stick zones for any load location are considered in this paper. It is found that the maximum range of stress intensity factors occurs at the trailing crack tip.
Apolipoprotein E-mediated cell cycle arrest linked to p27 and the Cox2-dependent repression of miR221/222

Objective In addition to its effects on cholesterol levels, apoE3 has lipid-independent effects that contribute to cardiovascular protection; one of these effects is the ability to inhibit cell cycling in VSMCs. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize cell cycle-regulatory mechanisms responsible for the anti-mitogenic effect of apoE.
Design of multiprocessor systems for concurrent error detection and fault diagnosis

Results on the design of systems using algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT), a low-overhead fault tolerance scheme for high-speed parallel processing systems, are presented. Bounds on the diagnosability of the system and the number of checks needed to design a unit system of given capability are derived. A procedure for forming the target fault-tolerant system from the unit system is introduced. The procedure is applicable to a wide range of systems in which processors may share data elements. The applications of the design scheme are illustrated through examples. >
Minority species detection in aerosols by stimulated anti-Stokes–Raman scattering and external seeding

A novel technique applicable to remote sensing has been developed for determination of the chemical composition of microdroplets. Enhancement of stimulated anti-Stokes–Raman scattering (SARS) by external seeding of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) at the Stokes shift lowers the detection limit of the minority species in multicomponent microdroplets. The technique is most useful in the investigation of microdroplets that contain fluorophores that can obscure the SRS signal. The SARS signal is to the blue of the pump laser and out of the fluorescence region of the fluorophore. Information about majority and minority species in multicomponent microdroplets can be determined from the enhanced SARS signals.
Understanding and tackling aging: two fields communicating (a little) at last.

Those who have followed this journal's, and this author's, efforts over recent years to stimulate the rational design of interventions to combat aging have good reason for bewilderment that the con...
Composite lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus: a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract We report a case of a 65-year-old black man with combined Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma. The patient presented with diffuse lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Subsequent biopsy of an axillary lymph node revealed a composite lymphoma composed of classic Hodgkin lymphoma and a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. A needle biopsy of the liver also showed involvement by the composite lymphoma. In situ hybridization studies revealed positive Epstein-Barr virus in Reed-Sternberg cells. Development of T-cell lymphoma following chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma has been reported, but synchronous composite occurrence of both lesions is very rare. Furthermore, this is the first report of such occurrence in a black patient. We present a review of the literature and a discussion of the potential pathophysiologic role of Epstein-Barr virus in the early stages of T-cell lymphomagenesis.
Model selection for logistic regression via association rules analysis

Interaction is very common in reality, but has received little attention in logistic regression literature. This is especially true for higher-order interactions. In conventional logistic regression, interactions are typically ignored. We propose a model selection procedure by implementing an association rules analysis. We do this by (1) exploring the combinations of input variables which have significant impacts to response (via association rules analysis); (2) selecting the potential (low- and high-order) interactions; (3) converting these potential interactions into new dummy variables; and (4) performing variable selections among all the input variables and the newly created dummy variables (interactions) to build up the optimal logistic regression model. Our model selection procedure establishes the optimal combination of main effects and potential interactions. The comparisons are made through thorough simulations. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in all cases. A...
Dimethylsulfide Release during Macroinvertebrate Grazing and Its Role as an Activated Chemical Defense

Almost half the biogenic sulfur emitted globally originates as dimethylsulfide (DMS) in marine algae. Yet, despite its importance to climate and the global sulfur cycle, the reasons why many diverse algal taxa produce DMS remain unclear. DMS is produced when dimethylsulfoniopro- pionate (DMSP) is cleaved by the enzyme DMSP lyase into DMS and acrylic acid. Because acrylic acid can deter feeding by some herbivores, the production of DMSP has been postulated to be part of an antiherbivore chemical defense system, with DMS being a by-product of the production of the defensive compound acrylic acid. However, we found that DMS plays a more direct role in herbivore deterrence. Using laboratory bioassays, we demonstrated that DMS functions as a potent feeding deterrent against sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis at a wide range of concentrations. The defensive function of DMSP cleavage is further supported by the results of a multiple-choice feeding preference assay in which we offered urchins a choice of 8 algal species. In these assays, algae containing DMSP tended to be consumed at lower rates than species that lacked it. By measur- ing headspace DMS concentrations during grazing, we showed that DMS is produced when urchins feed on algae containing DMSP, but not when urchins feed on algae without it. DMS production occurred while the urchins were feeding on the algae and for 18 h after the algae were removed, suggesting that post-ingestive processes might be playing a role in activation. These results demon- strate that DMS is produced when urchins feed on algae containing DMSP and that it functions as an herbivore deterrent, causing species that produce DMSP to be avoided by some herbivores.
A FRAMEWORK FOR SUCCESSFUL ADOPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE MANUFACTURING PRACTICES IN THE UNITED STATES

Japanese manufacturing practices are being implemented widely in the United States. However, firms are experiencing a variety of problems, indicating that these methods may have only limited success in the U.S. manufacturing environment. I suggest that modifications to both Japanese manufacturing practices and features of the U.S. manufacturing environment should be made before Japanese practices can be successfully adopted and performed. A framework for research is developed from which testable propositions are derived.
DEAE-Cellulose-Urea Chromatography of Casein in the Presence of 2-Mercaptoethanol

Abstract κ -Casein, after reduction of the disulfide bond(s) by 2-inercaptoethanol, can be separated from α s1 - and β -casein variants, as well as from whole casein, by DEAE-cellulose-urea chromatography. When κ -easein is in the reduced form it elutes from DEAE-cellulose at 0.05m NaCl. Use of a reduction step simplifies purification of the major casein components ( α s1 -, β ) by chromatography.
Incarceration of Small Intestine Through Rents in the Gastrosplenic Ligament in the Horse

Incarceration of the small intestine through a rent in the gastrosplenic ligament was diagnosed in five horses. Three affected horses were mature males and two were mature females. Persistent moderate to severe abdominal pain, elevated heart rate, congested mucous membranes, serosanguineous peritoneal fluid, and distended small intestine on rectal examination were consistent findings. Exploratory celiotomy or gross necropsy examination showed the incarcerated intestine to be distal jejunum or ileum. In all horses, the intestine had herniated cranially through the rent in the gastrosplenic ligament. The incarcerated intestine was situated lateral to the stomach and craniolateral to the spleen. Three horses underwent exploratory celiotomy, and the incarcerated small intestine was reduced by gentle traction and then resected. Two of these horses were alive more than 2 years postoperatively without recurrence of signs of abdominal pain, and one was euthanized because of dehiscence of the abdominal incision. Two horses were euthanized without surgical intervention, and necropsy examination revealed a recent rent in the gastrosplenic ligament. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of causes of small intestinal strangulation and obstruction in the horse.
EFFECT OF SITE OF INJECTION UPON LEFT VENTRICULAR INDICATOR-DILUTION OUTPUT.

Abstract The injection of indicator into the pulmonary artery and left atrium, with systemic arterial sampling, resulted in similar levels of output. The flow levels after injection into the left atrium were not higher, but, on the contrary, were some-what lower than those after injection into the pulmonary artery. These data validate the assumption that measurements of left ventricular output may be made via injection of indicator into the right heart.
Addressing queuing bottlenecks at high speeds

Modern routers and switch fabrics can have hundreds of input and output ports running at up to 10 Gb/s; 40 Gb/s systems are starting to appear. At these rates, the performance of the buffering and queuing subsystem becomes a significant bottleneck. In high performance routers with more than a few queues, packet buffering is typically implemented using DRAM for data storage and a combination of off-chip and on-chip SRAM for storing the linked-list nodes and packet length, and the queue headers, respectively. This paper focuses on the performance bottlenecks associated with the use of off-chip SRAM. We show how the combination of implicit buffer pointers and multi-buffer list nodes can dramatically reduce the impact of buffering and queuing subsystem on queuing performance. We also show how combining it with coarse-grained scheduling can improve the performance of fair queuing algorithms, while also reducing the amount of off-chip memory and bandwidth needed. These techniques can reduce the amount of SRAM needed to hold the list nodes by a factor of 10 at the cost of about 10% wastage of the DRAM space, assuming an aggregation degree of 16.
Social Skills Training: An Analysis of Social Behaviors Selected for Individualized Education Programs

Research has indicated that many exceptional children have social skills deficits related to academic performance and peer interaction skills. Investigators have called for the utilization of special education teachers as trainers of their students' social behavior. Survey research of teachers' attitudes has suggested that they value academically related over peer-to-peer skills. In the present study we investigated the type and frequency of social skills listed in 469 students' Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in a rural special education cooperative. Results indicated that the majority of IEPs that contained social skills objectives listed academically related social skills. There appeared to be a lack of emphasis on interpersonal skills as indicated through the IEP analysis. Recommendations for expanding this research to include more direct measures of social skills training practices in schools were made.
Fretting corrosion in saline and serum

Fretting corrosion of stainless-steel round hole plates and spherical head screws was studied using a simulator that produced a rocking motion of the heads in the plate holes. Experiments were run for 7 days, with the simulator producing 1 oscillation/s for 16 h/day. Fretting corrosion was studied in 0.9% NaCl and in a 10% solution of fetal calf serum in saline. The results showed a tenfold decrease in fretting corrosion when the serum was added to the saline. Measurements of the weight of the two screws and two-hole plate showed those in saline lost 2.9 mg as compared to 0.3 for those in 10% serum. The concentration of nickel in the saline solutions was 12.4 micrograms/mL compared with 0.85 in serum. Visual examination of the solutions and implants revealed that those in saline had a significant amount of corrosion products while those tested in 10% serum were bright and shiny. Recordings of electrical potentials demonstrated that the addition of serum to saline significantly reduced the change in potential from rest to fretting condition.
Simplification by Repeal of the One-Year Rule for Prepayments

The proposal would capitalize prepayments, including prepayments that expire within a year after payment. A prepayment cannot be an expired cost, as a matter of tax or economics, while it remains a prepayment. Given the revenue needs, accounting for the costs according to good accounting and economic principles is worth the effort. The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration by tax professionals to develop and perfect proposals to help Congress when it needs to raise revenue. Shelf Project proposals are intended to raise revenue without raising tax rates, defend the tax base, and improve the rationality and efficiency of the tax system. Given the calls for economic stimulus, some proposals may stay on the shelf for a while. A longer description of the project is found at ‘‘The Shelf Project: Revenue-Raising Proposals That Defend the Tax Base,’’ Tax Notes, Dec. 10, 2007, p. 1077, Doc 2007-22632, or 2007 TNT 238-37. Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.
Nerve and Arterial Injury After First Rib Resection

Surgery for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is associated with potential injuries. The thoracic inlet, where surgery for neurogenic, venous, and arterial TOS is performed, is a compact anatomic region containing the brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, subclavian vein and artery, and pleura of the lung. The nature of injury is often related to the specific operation performed, and neurovascular injuries following thoracic outlet decompression are much more likely to result in disability than such an injury in the lower extremity. Paramount to preventing injuries to the neurovascular bundle of the upper extremity and associated structures is a thorough understanding of the region’s anatomy along with knowledge of common and uncommon variants.
Monitoring LSO/LYSO Crystal Calorimeters

LSO/LYSO crystals were chosen by the SuperB, Mu2e and COMET experiments to construct total absorption electromagnetic calorimeters. They were also proposed as the active medium for a Shashlik calorimeter which was one of the two options proposed for the CMS forward calorimeter upgrade at the proposed HL-LHC. Because of the severe radiation environment expected at the HL-LHC, precision light monitoring is crucial for keeping excellent energy resolution promised by LYSO crystals. This paper discusses the wavelength choice for monitoring LYSO based crystal calorimeters. $\gamma $ -ray induced absorption and light output loss were measured for 20 cm long crystals from five different vendors. Monitoring sensitivity and divergence are analyzed. Two approaches using excitation and emission light and their practical implementations in a beam test at Fermilab are discussed. The response of an LYSO/W Shashlik calorimeter cell after a $\gamma $ -ray irradiation of 90 Mrad is also presented.
Robustness of Dynamical Cluster Analysis in a Glass-Forming Metallic Liquid using an Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithm

We performed dynamical cluster analysis in a Cu-Zr-Al based glass-forming metallic liquid using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. The size of the dynamical clusters is used to quantify the onset of cooperative dynamics as the underlying mechanism leading to the Arrhenius dynamic crossover in transport coefficients of the metallic liquid. This technique is useful to directly visualize dynamical clusters and quantify their sizes upon cooling. We demonstrate the robustness of this algorithm by performing sensitivity analysis against two key parameters: number of mobility groups and inconsistency coefficient of the hierarchical cluster tree. The results elucidate the optimized range of values for both of these parameters that capture the underlying physical picture of increasing cooperative dynamics appropriately.
How physicians diagnose urinary tract infections: the potential influence of laboratory regulations on test availability and use.

OBJECTIVE Physician office laboratory regulations may decrease test availability. We examined the potential effects of regulations on test availability and whether the use of tests in diagnosing uncomplicated urinary tract infections is related to availability. STUDY DESIGN We performed an analysis of a cross-sectional survey conducted in 1994 and 1995. Test availability and use were determined by physicians' reports. POPULATION The survey respondents included practicing physicians in 3 specialties (family medicine, general internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology) from 4 states: Pennsylvania (which had longstanding office laboratory regulations), and Alabama, Minnesota, and Nebraska (states that were not regulated until the implementation of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988). OUTCOMES MEASURED We determined whether 4 specific tests were available in the office and how the tests were used to diagnose uncomplicated urinary tract infections. RESULTS Our analysis was based on the responses from the 1898 respondents to the survey. All tests were less commonly available in Pennsylvania; this included the dipstick, microscopic urinalysis, wet prep, and urine culture (odds ratio [OR]=0.20-0.34; all P values < .05). The availability of the microscopic urinalysis and culture increased their use (OR = 4.37 and 2.03, respectively; P=.001). The availability of microscopic urinalysis was associated with a decrease in ordering urine cultures (OR=0.42; P=.001), and the availability of the dipstick was associated with a decrease in the use of both the microscopic urinalysis (OR=0.36; P=.02) and the culture (OR=0.48; P=.05). CONCLUSIONS We found lower test availability in the state with office laboratory regulations and a decrease in testing when availability is reduced, suggesting that laboratory regulations may influence physicians&rsquo diagnostic approach to urinary tract infections. Further study will be required to determine the level of testing that maximizes patient welfare.
A Case for Teaching Literature in the Secondary School: Why Reading Fiction Matters in an Age of Scientific Objectivity and Standardization

Taking a close look at the forces that affect English education in schools—at the ways literature, cognitive science, the privileging of the STEM disciplines, and current educational policies are connected—this timely book counters with a strong argument for the importance of continuing to teach literature in middle and secondary classrooms. The case is made through critical examination of the ongoing "culture wars" between the humanities and the sciences, recent research in cognitive literary studies demonstrating the power of narrative reading, and an analysis of educational trends that have marginalized literature teaching in the U.S., including standards-based and scripted curricula. The book is distinctive in presenting both a synthesis of arguments for literary study in the middle and high school and sample lesson plans from practicing teachers exemplifying how literature can positively influence adolescents’ intellectual, emotional, and social selves.
Reinforcer pathologies: Predicting alcohol related problems in college drinking men and women

Abstract Background Alcohol use in college is common, and problematic consequences of alcohol may affect college men and women differently. Approaches within behavioral economics have been used to improve our understanding of alcohol use in college students. Methods The current study assessed relations between college students' delay discounting, demand for alcohol, and alcohol problems as measured by the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ). In this study, 80 college drinkers completed a monetary choice questionnaire that assessed delay discounting of money, a novel beer choice questionnaire that evaluated delay discounting of beer, and an alcohol purchase task that measured demand for alcohol. Results Behavioral economic measures associated with the reinforcer pathologies model (i.e., demand and discounting) predicted alcohol consequences as measured by the YAACQ. For men, these significant predictor variables included money discounting, beer discounting, and intensity of alcohol demand, whereas for women money discounting and essential value were significant predictors. Conclusions These findings highlight the utility of the reinforcer pathologies approach for the study of alcohol use and the importance of considering gender differences in examining college drinking.
Modulating and Measuring Intracellular H2O2 Using Genetically Encoded Tools to Study Its Toxicity to Human Cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 play paradoxical roles in mammalian physiology. It is hypothesized that low, baseline levels of H2O2 are necessary for growth and differentiation, while increased intracellular H2O2 concentrations are associated with pathological phenotypes and genetic instability, eventually reaching a toxic threshold that causes cell death. However, the quantities of intracellular H2O2 that lead to these different responses remain an unanswered question in the field. To address this question, we used genetically encoded constructs that both generate and quantify H2O2 in a dose–response study of H2O2-mediated toxicity. We found that, rather than a simple concentration–response relationship, a combination of intracellular concentration and the cumulative metric of H2O2 concentration multiplied by time (i.e., the area under the curve) determined the occurrence and level of cell death. Establishing the quantitative relationship between H2O2 and cell toxicity promotes a deeper under...
Trying to remember: Effort mediates the relationship between frequency of cannabis use and memory performance.

Introduction: While many studies suggest that regular cannabis use leads to deficits in cognitive functioning, particularly in memory, few have measured effort put forth during testing, and none ha...
A novel adaptive filter implementation scheme using distributed arithmetic

Distributed arithmetic (DA) is performed to design bit-level architectures for vector-vector multiplication with a direct application for the implementation of convolution, which is necessary for digital filters. In this work, a DA based FIR adaptive filter implementation scheme is proposed. Different from existing DA schemes, our proposed scheme uses coefficients as addresses to access a series of look-up tables (LUTs) storing sums of delayed and scaled input samples. With least mean square (LMS) adaptation, offset-binary coding (OBC) based LUT updating method is presented as well. Results show that our high performance design achieves high-speed, low computation complexity, and low area cost.
Carotid plaque characterization with ARFI imaging: Blinded reader study

Stroke is commonly caused by thromboembolic events originating from vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid vasculature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, a noninvasive elastography imaging technique, to assess the composition of carotid artery plaques using histologic examination as the gold standard. Twenty-five patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were enrolled and imaged with ARFI. After surgery, extracted specimens were histologically processed and matched to the ultrasound imaging plane. Parametric 2D ARFI images of peak displacement (PD) were evaluated by three radiologists blinded to the histology result. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was taken as a metric of performance for detecting plaque features such as necrotic core (NC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), collagen (COL), and calcium (CAL). Additionally, linear regression was performed on fibrous cap (FC) thickness measurements. Areas of plaque with NC and IPH were observed to have substantially increased ARFI PD (2× to 4×) compared to areas of plaque with COL or CAL. Median AUC for detecting soft plaque features (NC/IPH) was 0.887 (range: 0.867 – 0.924) and stiff plaque features (COL/CAL) was 0.859 (range: 0.771 – 0.929). FC thickness measured by two of the three radiologists matched closely with histology (reader 1: R2 = 0.64; reader 2: R2 = 0.89). This study suggests that ARFI is capable of distinguishing soft from stiff compositional elements of atherosclerotic plaques and may be relevant to improving plaque risk assessment.
Ring Shuttling Controls Macroscopic Motion in a Three‐Dimensional Printed Polyrotaxane Monolith

Amplification of molecular motions into the macroscopic world has great potential in the development of smart materials. Demonstrated here is an approach that integrates mechanically interlocked molecules into complex three-dimensional (3D) architectures by direct-write 3D printing. The design and synthesis of polypseudorotaxane hydrogels, which are composed of α-cyclodextrins and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers, and their subsequent fabrication into polyrotaxane-based lattice cubes by 3D printing followed by post-printing polymerization are reported. By switching the motion of the α-cyclodextrin rings between random shuttling and stationary states through solvent exchange, the polyrotaxane monolith not only exhibits macroscopic shape-memory properties but is also capable of converting the chemical energy input into mechanical work by lifting objects against gravity.
Lobectomy, sublobar resection, and stereotactic radiation for early-stage non-small cell lung cancers in the elderly.

7555 Background: Early-stage non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) among the elderly are expected to rise dramatically due to demographic trends and CT screening. However, no modern trials have compa...
Test Method for Determining the Effect of Chromate Primers on Fatigue Crack Growth

The Center for Aircraft Structural Life Extension (CAStLE) at the United States Air Force (USAF) Academy has undertaken work to produce a standardized test method for determining the effect of a corrosion inhibitor containing coating chromate on small scale fatigue damage. CAStLE is specifically focusing their research on the effect of chromate primers on the pit-to-crack transition and crack growth under the damage tolerant flaw size. Quantifying the chromate effect at the small damage scale is also necessary to provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of new and safer coatings on fatigue life. To correctly account for these factors, bare and chromate primered test specimens of AA7075-T651 were produced with a center hole and a corrosion pit at the edge of the hole, and subsequently fatigued using representative environments and loading schemes until a crack of 1 mm was produced. Another unknown with chromate coatings is whether enough chromate to reduce the fatigue crack growth rate can leach out of the primer in the time it takes to grow from a pit to a 1 mm fatigue crack. The current results suggest that more work needs to be completed on the K-solution for the sample and to quantify the ability of chromate to leach into a solution from a primer coating.
Lifestyle Modification Group for Lymphedema and Obesity Results in Significant Health Outcomes.

This study investigated whether a lifestyle modification program that encouraged a ketogenic diet (KD) for participants with lymphedema and obesity would reduce weight and limb volume and improve q...
Recognizing the Global Impact of Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy.

In 2016, recognition of the causal relationship between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy and serious birth defects, including brain abnormalities and microcephaly, forever changed the public health approach to this virus1; the potential threat to pregnancies extends to residents of and travelers to nearly 100 countries and territories in which there is an ongoing risk of infection with ZIKV (https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information). This virus has long been endemic in many countries in Africa and Asia, but reports of ZIKV disease in these settings have been relatively rare.2 The prevalence of ZIKV infection in countries in which the virus is endemic is . . .
Henry James’s Black Dresses: Mourning without Grief

Shari Goldberg, “Henry James’s Black Dresses: Mourning without Grief” (pp. 515–538) While scholars have carefully discerned how nineteenth-century modes of mourning differ from Sigmund Freud’s later model, the distinction between mourning and grief, in texts of the period and beyond, tends to be collapsed. This essay argues that Henry James disentangles the two terms by insisting on mourning’s association with ritualistic, social behavior, most iconically the wearing of a black dress. In James’s writing, to be “in mourning” generally means to be physically within such a dress, without reference to one’s emotional state. His use of the phrase, particularly in “The Altar of the Dead” (1895) and “Maud-Evelyn” (1900), thus offers ways of thinking through responses to death apart from grief. One is that the black dress can obscure, rather than advertise, the wearer’s feelings. Another is that such garments may facilitate ongoing relationships with persons now dead. Such processes of mourning without grief are nearly impossible to recognize after the advent of psychoanalysis, yet this essay concludes by finding evidence of their circulation in today’s political resistance.
Scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems

This chapter presents the state-of-art formulations and solution methodologies for the scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems. A case study is drawn from a flexible manufacturing system for the apparel industry. A number of important issues are then identified, and new promising research approaches indicated.
Physical and Cognitive Limitations on Olfactory Processing in Human Beings

Chemical communication via natural secretions is thought to play at best a minor role in the lives of human beings, but a major role in the lives of many other species. It is unlikely that the primary reason for this difference lies strictly in the realm of sensory functioning. Even if man is not the most sensitive creature on earth his sensitivity is nonetheless remarkable and undoubtedly rivals that of many other animals. Furthermore, electrophysiological evidence suggests that there is considerable similarity in olfactory reception throughout the vertebrates (Doving, 1966; Doving and Lange, 1967; Koster and MacLeod, 1975). Accordingly, the study of man’s sense of smell may teach much about olfaction in other vertebrates.
Field Evaluation of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators on Construction Jobsites for Protection against Airborne Ultrafine Particles

Exposure to high concentrations of airborne ultrafine particles in construction jobsites may play an important role in the adverse health effects among construction workers, therefore adequate respiratory protection is required. The performance of particulate respirators has never been evaluated in field conditions against ultrafine particles on construction jobsites. In this study, respiratory protection levels against ultrafine particles of different size ranges were assessed during three common construction related jobs using a manikin-based set-up at 85 L/min air flow rate. Two NanoScan SMPS nanoparticle counters were utilized for measuring ultrafine particles in two sampling lines of the test filtering facepiece respirator—one from inside the respirator and one from outside the respirator. Particle size distributions were characterized using the NanoScan data collected from outside of the respirator. Two models of N95 respirators were tested—foldable and pleated. Collected data indicate that penetration of all categories of ultrafine particles can exceed 5% and smaller ultrafine particles of <36.5 nm size generally penetrated least. Foldable N95 filtering facepiece respirators were found to be less efficient than pleated N95 respirators in filtering nanoparticles mostly at the soil moving site and the wooden building frameworks construction site. Upon charge neutralization by isopropanol treatment, the ultrafine particles of larger sizes penetrated more compared to particles of smaller sizes. Our findings, therefore, indicate that N95 filtering facepiece respirators may not provide desirable 95% protection for most categories of ultrafine particles and generally, 95% protection is achievable for smaller particles of 11.5 to 20.5 nm sizes. We also conclude that foldable N95 respirators are less efficient than pleated N95 respirators in filtering ultrafine particles, mostly in the soil moving site and the wooden building framework construction site.
Subprime credit, idiosyncratic risk, and foreclosures

Abstract In this paper, we look at the determinants of foreclosure rates with particular attention to measures such as household leverage, which is related to subprime credit population, and idiosyncratic risk, which utilizes a spatial delineation of housing submarkets. We use county-level data from the state of California and provide a number of important findings regarding the determinants of foreclosures across housing submarkets. We find a significant negative relationship between foreclosures and both housing price growth and idiosyncratic risk, and a positive relationship between foreclosures and household leverage. These relationships persist even after we control for state variables such as tech pulse, mortgage rate spread, median household income, and unemployment rate. We show a breakdown of the cross-sectional variability of foreclosure rates by allowing a two-way sorting of the counties using housing price growth and idiosyncratic risk. The idiosyncratic risk measure reemphasizes the translation of leverage-induced shocks into foreclosure rates.
Regret in health insurance post‐purchase behavior

Unlike other forms of insurance, individuals with health insurance generally expect to make claims through the policy period. Selecting an appropriate level of cost‐sharing is difficult and individuals may, ex‐post, regret the choice of a less‐than‐suitable coverage amount. Using a national health insurance survey of private market consumers from 2013 to 2017, we evaluate the potential for post‐purchase regret in the health plan purchasing decision. We employ an ordered logistic model and find that consumers whose plan choices were likely financially dominated by a foregone alternative are significantly more likely to express regret through reporting significantly lower likelihood of renewal, even when controlling for confounding considerations including affordability, self‐assessed risk, and satisfaction with the plan.