cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An empirical examination of the impact of tri-dyadic fit on the service experience

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the customer’s perception of customer-firm, customer-employee, and employee-firm fit and to assess how these fits impact the service experience. Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at the impact of fit on the service experience and focusses on three specific types of dyadic fit: customer-employee; customer-firm; and employee-firm. A conceptual model is presented, accompanied by a detailed development of the hypotheses. A sample of 447 consumers is used to empirically test the proposed model. Findings – The analysis reveals the importance of fit and suggest a triadic relationship perspective is essential when designing for the service experience. Specifically, employee-firm fit is key to enhancing fit within the other dyads and providing a superior service experience. Research limitations/implications – The main implication is that this paper expands the investigation of fit by examining the interplay of multiple fits while also exploring how ...
Design of wavelength-routed optical networks for packet switched traffic

We consider the problem of designing logical optical network topology for a given physical topology (or fiber layout) and a given traffic demand matrix between the end-users. Traffic between the end-users is carried in a packet-switched form and the objective of our logical topology design is to minimize the maximum congestion on the logical links in the logical topology. The logical links are realized by wavelength continuous paths or lightpaths between end-users and they are routed via wavelength-selective routers. Note that a topology with lower maximum link congestion will allow its traffic demand matrix to be scaled up by a larger factor. In the logical topology each node is equipped with a limited number of optical transceivers, hence logical connections cannot be set-up between every pair of nodes. We present an improved bound for maximum congestion on any link in logical topology and present an algorithm for constructing a logical topology that reduces the maximum congestion on any logical link.
Establishing Confidence in Business Partners: Courts, Networks, and Relationships as Pillars of Support

The ability to trust a trading partner is fundamental to the development of complex economic relationships. Confidence in the actions of a trading partner may be supported in any of three ways. First, firms may use formal contracts, enforced through sanctions administered by courts, to govern trading relationships. Alternatively, confidence in trading partners may be based on knowledge gained through past interactions with the trading partner. The bilateral relationship allows firms to distinguish good and bad “types” (Watson 1999). Cooperation may also evolve in a relationship over time, with the threat of breaking off the relationship serving as a sanction against bad behavior (Lindsey et al. 2001). Finally, firms may rely on a trading partner’s reputation, based on information about the trading partner’s behavior in other business or social relationships (Granovetter 1986; Greif 1993). As with bilateral relationships, reputation may serve either to identify types or to provide a sanction against improper behavior (McMillan and Woodruff 1999b).
Personalized Dose Finding Using Outcome Weighted Learning

In dose-finding clinical trials, it is becoming increasingly important to account for individual level heterogeneity while searching for optimal doses to ensure an optimal individualized dose rule (IDR) maximizes the expected beneficial clinical outcome for each individual. In this paper, we advocate a randomized trial design where candidate dose levels assigned to study subjects are randomly chosen from a continuous distribution within a safe range. To estimate the optimal IDR using such data, we propose an outcome weighted learning method based on a nonconvex loss function, which can be solved efficiently using a difference of convex functions algorithm. The consistency and convergence rate for the estimated IDR are derived, and its small-sample performance is evaluated via simulation studies. We demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms competing approaches. Finally, we illustrate this method using data from a cohort study for Warfarin (an anti-thrombotic drug) dosing.
72.3: The Mechanical Reliability of Glass Displays in Bending

The mechanical reliability of glass under stress is controlled by the strength of the existing flaw population and the subcritical growth of those flaws under stress. Each glass application requires a mechanical reliability strategy that is optimized for that application. The purpose here is to establish that strategy for the case of glass in displays where the intent is to bend the display permanently. Fracture mechanics is used as a well-established framework for combining strength and fatigue effects on display glass sheets.
Reconsidering rest following fire: Northern mixed-grass prairie is resilient to grazing following spring wildfire

Abstract Current federal post-fire land management recommendations in the United States suggest that rangelands be rested from grazing for two growing seasons following fire to allow for proper recovery, despite the lack of empirical literature supporting this recommendation. This project was designed to determine if grazing the first growing season following a spring wildfire alters subsequent productivity and species composition of northern mixed-grass prairie. Following the April 2013 Pautre wildfire in northwestern South Dakota, 100 m 2 exclosures were erected in three burned pastures to simulate two growing seasons of rest. Grazing exclosures were paired with sites grazed both the first and second growing seasons following the fire and replicated across loamy and sandy ecological sites. Prior to grazing the second growing season, five 2 m 2 cages were placed at each grazed site to assess first-year grazing effects. Following the second growing season, productivity and species composition were determined for exclosures and cages. Productivity was greater for loamy than sandy ecological sites (loamy = 2764 kg ha −1 , sandy = 2356 kg ha −1 ; P = 0.0271), but was similar between grazing treatments (rested = 2556 kg ha −1 , grazed = 2564 kg ha −1 ; P = 0.9550). Ecological site strongly determined species composition. Loamy sites consistently contained more Pascopyrum smithii , Bouteloua gracilis and Carex duriuscula than sandy sites (30 v 0%, 18 v 8%, 4 v 1%; P = 0.0004, 0.0457 and 0.0382 respectively). The effects of grazing exclusion were limited to Hesperostipa comata and the non-native Agropyron cristatum composition. H. comata was more prevalent on rested sites (22 v 15%, P = 0.0096). A. cristatum experienced a grazing treatment by ecological site interaction as it was reduced by grazing on sandy sites, but was not affected on loamy sites ( P = 0.0226). Results do not support the notion that a two growing season rest period following fire is required in the northern mixed-grass prairie.
Pyogenic liver abscesses: a contemporary analysis of management strategies at a tertiary institution.

Abstract Background Despite equivocal evidence, non-surgical management for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has become the standard of care at most institutions with surgery relegated to salvage therapy for those who fail less invasive means. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of a step-up approach to PLA management. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single institution for patients diagnosed with PLA over a 10-year period. Demographic, radiologic, microbiological, treatment, and outcomes data were collected and analyzed. Results 64 patients with PLA were identified. Initial treatment included antibiotics alone (n = 9), percutaneous drainage (PD) (n = 54), and surgery (n = 1). Surgery was ultimately required in 8 patients while 50 were cured with PD and 4 with antibiotics alone. Two (3%) patients died. Overall, PD carried an 85% success rate. Conclusion PLA patients should be initially treated non-operatively, barring indications for emergent surgery or inaccessibility for PD. Surgery can be reserved for failure of PD.
The primed SNARE–complexin–synaptotagmin complex for neuronal exocytosis

Synaptotagmin, complexin, and neuronal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins mediate evoked synchronous neurotransmitter release, but the molecular mechanisms mediating the cooperation between these molecules remain unclear. Here we determine crystal structures of the primed pre-fusion SNARE-complexin-synaptotagmin-1 complex. These structures reveal an unexpected tripartite interface between synaptotagmin-1 and both the SNARE complex and complexin. Simultaneously, a second synaptotagmin-1 molecule interacts with the other side of the SNARE complex via the previously identified primary interface. Mutations that disrupt either interface in solution also severely impair evoked synchronous release in neurons, suggesting that both interfaces are essential for the primed pre-fusion state. Ca2+ binding to the synaptotagmin-1 molecules unlocks the complex, allows full zippering of the SNARE complex, and triggers membrane fusion. The tripartite SNARE-complexin-synaptotagmin-1 complex at a synaptic vesicle docking site has to be unlocked for triggered fusion to start, explaining the cooperation between complexin and synaptotagmin-1 in synchronizing evoked release on the sub-millisecond timescale.
Investigating Adaptive Nonresponse Follow-up Strategies for Small Businesses through Embedded Experiments

The U.S. Census Bureau is investigating adaptive Nonresponse Follow-Up (NRFU) strategies for single unit businesses in the 2017 Economic Census. These collection protocols require a suite of viable alternative procedures that can be implemented. With business surveys, the majority of cognitive research and nonresponse follow-up procedures focus on collection methods that obtain valid response data from the larger businesses, and there is relatively little quantitative or qualitative research for small businesses. Moreover, the contact methods for small businesses are often constrained by budget limitations. Business programs at the U.S. Census Bureau rely on mailed reminder letters and supplemental promotional materials, with options for certified and bulk mailings. To explore the benefits and disadvantages of the proposed alternative nonresponse follow-up procedures for small businesses, we conducted a field experiment embedded in the 2014 Annual Survey of Manufactures, an annual program that has similar data collection procedures and sampling units as the Economic Census. This article describes the study and presents the results, then discusses how the recommended nonresponse follow-up procedures are implemented in an adaptive collection design test presently being conducted in the 2015 Annual Survey of Manufactures.
Cluster Confidence Index: A Streamline-Wise Pathway Reproducibility Metric for Diffusion-Weighted MRI Tractography.

BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging tractography can be used to create models of white matter fascicles. Anatomical and pathological variability between subjects can drastically alter the tractography output, so standardizing results across a cohort is nontrivial. Furthermore, tractography methods have inherently low reproducibility due to stochasticity (for probabilistic methods) and subjective decisions, since the final fascicle model often requires a manual intervention step performed by an expert human operator to control both outliers and systematic false-positive pathways, as defined by prior knowledge of anatomy. METHODS We present an approach that computationally assigns a cluster confidence index (CCI) reflecting the reproducibility of that pathway in the context of a streamline dataset. This metric is a tractography algorithm-agnostic tool that can be applied to any dataset of streamlines. RESULTS Applications of this metric include systematic elimination of outlier streamlines using a CCI threshold and interactive filtering by CCI to facilitate manual segmentation of fascicle models. CONCLUSIONS This method is intended to replace the application of a streamline density threshold so that outliers are eliminated based on low pathway density instead of voxel-wise density.
“By Provocative Means”: Power, Protection, and Reproduction in Prince Henry’s Prayer Roll

Sometime after 1485, Prince Henry of Wales, the future Henry VIII, acquired a prayer roll containing heraldry, monograms of the holy name, thirteen miniatures, biblical incipits, and prayers, verse...
Opposition “overblown”? Community response to wind energy siting in the Western United States

Abstract Much of the literature on local opposition to wind development is based on small-N case studies of controversial cases. This focus has led to an emphasis on the so-called “social gap” between positive general attitudes toward renewable energy development and local resistance to actual proposals. Instead, we conduct a fuzzy set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 53 proposals for wind energy development in the Western United States to better understand both the amount of local opposition and the factors and processes that shape it. We find that while some level of local opposition to wind proposals is not rare, it is typically restricted to more benign activities that require few resources and take place in standard institutional settings. Drawing on insights from the literatures on social acceptance of wind and social movement studies, we show that proximity to protected areas, political opportunity, and opponents’ framing of the risks posed by wind development are important factors in driving community resistance. These findings suggest that resistance to wind energy proposals is more likely to be shaped by existing processes for public participation than to shape them, and that calls to streamline regulatory processes to expedite development due to local resistance may be premature.
Detection of prey by a spider that aggressively mimics pheromone blends

Adult female bolas spiders have a unique hunting tactic that combines aggressive chemical mimicry of the sex pheromone blends of their prey moths with a specialized weapon (the bolas) and behaviors to capture attracted male moths. This report shows that female bolas spiders can release the attractive allomone before they make the bolas and that females detect moth wing vibrations from attracted prey. In response to this detection, females initiate the construction of a bolas. This ability to sample for prey presence may allow this predator to adapt its hunting activity to the temporal and spatial availability of its prey and, thereby, may reduce the constraints associated with extreme prey specialization.
Basal Ganglia Circuits in Movement and Movement Disorders

Research over the past decades has lead to major insights into the structure and function of the basal ganglia and to the development of circuit models of these nuclei and of their role in the pathophysiology of movement disorders (Albin et al., 1989; DeLong, 1990; Albin, 1995; Brooks, 1995; Chesselet and Delfs, 1996; Wichmann and DeLong, 1996). Although these models have had significant heuristic value, especially in guiding new research into surgical and pharmacologic treatments for movement disorders, it was clear even at the time of their inception that they were oversimplified, and would need almost continuous updating. This brief overview will focus on the principal features of these circuit models, especially with regard to their application as models to explain the pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon, extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that involves the brain primarily, with or without involvement of the leptomeninges, eyes, or spinal cord, in the absence of systemic disease. It tends to affect elderly or immunocompromised individuals. Early studies of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone revealed a robust initial response but high rates of local recurrence and disease-related mortality. The introduction of high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy prior to RT improved the durability of disease control and the rates of survival. However, late neurotoxicity emerged as an important complication, particularly in elderly patients. Recent research has focused on approaches to maintain improved survival outcomes while minimizing the toxicity of therapy. These include selective WBRT dose reduction and substitution of WBRT with other consolidative strategies. This chapter explores the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PCNSL, with an emphasis on the evolving role of WBRT in its management.
RF Characterization of NiO and TiO 2 Based Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Diodes on Flexible Substrates

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes on flexible substrates for RF and microwave circuit applications. Diodes using two types of insulators, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nickel oxide (NiO), are investigated. These insulators are obtained using different oxidation techniques, i.e., in-situ oxidation for TiO2 and plasma oxidation for NiO. Asymmetric metal contacts (Ti-TiO2-Pd and Ni-NiO-Mo) are utilized to achieve nonlinear $I - V$ characteristics. The fabricated diodes show strong non-linearity, high current densities, and low turn-ON voltage. The diodes show RF to dc rectification with near-ideal behavior and rectification sensitivity of 22 V/W (18 GHz) and 46 V/W (18 GHz) for TiO2 and NiO, respectively. NiO-based diodes barrier shows higher current density and higher cutoff frequency in comparison with TiO2 as expected diodes due to thinner oxide and lower dielectric constant. The diodes also work well as frequency doublers over a wide frequency range of 1–4 GHz for TiO2 and 2–10 GHz for NiO-based diodes. Good dc and RF performance of diodes indicate that good quality oxide can be achieved on plastic substrates and MIM devices can provide a perfect solution for RF and microwave circuits on a flexible substrate.
Propylene Enrichment via Kinetic Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption Using ZIF-8 Fiber Sorbents

This work presents the synthesis, characterization, and implementation of ZIF-8/cellulose acetate fiber sorbents for the cyclic kinetic adsorption separation of an equimolar propane/propylene feed. These fiber sorbents are packed as structured mass-transfer contactors and employed in a two-bed vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle without propylene product purge. The unoptimized adsorption cycle process produces a high-pressure product of up to 81% propane purity at 31% recovery at 0 °C. The effects of adsorption step time, temperature, and feed rate are investigated and presented as a purity/recovery trade-off. This work represents the first successful demonstration of a metal–organic framework fiber sorbent in a pressure swing adsorption cycle and the first use of metal–organic frameworks in a kinetic separation cycle.
A light-scattering study of the scattering matrix elements of Arizona Road Dust

Abstract We report measurements of the light scattering matrix elements of Arizona Road Dust, which has irregular shapes. Our experimental apparatus used photodiode arrays to detect scattered light simultaneously at many angles including small angles that are necessary for accurate characterization of large particles. The setup was calibrated with single slit diffraction and water droplet scattering. Guinier analysis yielded the dust particle size. Q-space analysis of the dust scattering yielded a comprehensive description of scattering in terms of power laws with quantifiable exponents.
A Posteriori Element-wise Error Quantification for FEM Solvers Using Higher Order Basis Functions

We present methods for quantification of numerical error for computational electromagnetic solvers using adjoint operators and duality. We outline the concept of adjoint operators and further introduce applications of the adjoint problem toward analyzing numerical error of forward solutions. We give an illustrative example of contribution to the total error on an element-wise basis for a 1-D slab scattering problem solved by a higher-order finite element method.
TUNet: Incorporating segmentation maps to improve classification.

Determining the localization of specific protein in human cells is important for understanding cellular functions and biological processes of underlying diseases. Among imaging techniques, high-throughput fluorescence microscopy imaging is an efficient biotechnology to stain the protein of interest in a cell. In this work, we present a novel classification model Twin U-Net (TUNet) for processing and classifying the belonging of protein in the Atlas images. Several notable Deep Learning models including GoogleNet and Resnet have been employed for comparison. Results have shown that our system obtaining competitive performance.
Agency Cues in Online Comments: Exploring Their Relationship with Anonymity and Frequency of Helpful Posts

Guided by the MAIN model, this study examined the separate and combined impacts of identity and helper heuristics on perceptions of source credibility, perceptions of threat severity, susceptibilit...
Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Considerations

The syndrome of celiac artery compression by the median arcuate ligament (MAL) or possibly by fibrotic celiac ganglion was first described by Harjola in 1963 and then by Dumbar et al. in 1965. Symptoms may vary from postprandial abdominal pain, similar to that seen with chronic mesenteric ischemia, to pain with exercise, nausea, vomiting, or weight loss. Diagnosis may be confounded by a vague and variable clinical presentation, as well as by the fact that celiac compression by the ganglion is a normal variant noted on imaging in asymptomatic patients. In fact, extrinsic compression of the celiac artery may be found in 20–70 % of individuals undergoing imaging for possible abdominal disease.
1-Bromo-1,2-dicyanoethylene: A dicyanoacetylene synthon useful in tetraazaporphyrin synthesis

Dicyanoacetylene, a highly reactive dienophile, readily reacts to form substituted maleonitriles which serve as precursors to soluble tetraazaporphyrins. Unfortunately, dicyanoacetylene is difficul...
Topological lattices lit at the corners

Higher-order topological states that are robust against certain classes of disorder and pinned to lattice corners are now observed in photonics platforms.
Assessing multi-scale habitat relationships and responses to forest management for cryptic and uncommon herpetofauna in the Missouri Ozarks, USA

Abstract Behaviorally cryptic or uncommon herpetofauna are often understudied due to the extensive effort it requires to obtain adequate data for statistical analysis. Additionally, potential impacts from forest management on these already small or difficult to study populations may have a dissimilar effect in comparison to more common species. To address this, we examined species-specific responses of uncommon herpetofauna within the Missouri Ozarks to even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems at multiple scales, as well as their habitat relationships. Using capture histories collected over 23 years (1992–2014) on the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) we examined the cumulative effects of two harvest entries (1996 and 2011) at both the local- (stand-level) and landscape-scale (compartment-level) for eight uncommon herpetofauna, which includes one toad, two salamanders, one skink, and four snakes. We modeled capture probabilities with respect to multiple habitat- and harvest-related covariates. Three species showed compartment-level declines in the post-treatment period, however only two of the declines appeared to be related to forest management; the decline for the third species was observed in both treatment and control compartments suggesting that the cause was environmental related. In contrast to compartment-level responses, we observed stand-level responses in five species, mostly positive. In general, our observed declines were minimal and currently we have no concerns that forest management will lead to the loss of any of the uncommon herpetofauna species considered here. Our models showed habitat relationships for multiple species, which aids our understanding of species’ life history strategies and can also guide future management efforts.
The Relationship between Coffee and Climate Factors: Case of Rwanda

Coffee is one of the most valuable cash crops in Rwanda. Coffee production in Rwanda stands high among three different export crops such as tea, pyrethrum, and was recently set as priority crop where more attention should be concentrated. This study estimates the impact of climate change and variation on coffee yield in Huye district, southern province of Rwanda. In this research both secondary and primary data were used and primary data were gathered from a random sample of 110 households in HUYE District. Coffee farmers were interviewed in August-September 2016 using structured questionnaires that were administered to household’s heads via person-interviews. Climate data (temperature and precipitation) were collected from the Rwanda Meteorological Station located in RUBONA Station. The results from climate change model has revealed that approximately 74% of change in the coffee production during the last 17 years was explained by climate factors jointly. The results indicate that coffee farms near Huye Mountain are highly vulnerable to precipitation variation like erosion during heavy rain in March through May and drought from June through August.
Justification and Indefinite Propositions: Disarming Gettier's Counterexamples

Los contraejemplos de Gettier al analisis tradicional del conocimiento como una creencia verdadera y justificada, muestran que hay creencias verdaderas justificadas en "evidencias ", pero que no constituyen un conocimiento, porque, por ejemplo, a1guien (digamos, Smith) puede tener la evidencia justificada y asi creer que (I) Jones obtendra el empleo y tiene 10 monedas en el bolsillo, sobre la base de la cual estara justificado en creer que (2) la persona que obtendra el empleo tiene 10 monedas en el bolsillo, pero sin que conozca, no obstante, que (2) es verdadera y esta justificada, debido a que desconoce que otra persona en particular (el propio Smith) por coincidencia obtiene el empleo y posee 10 monedas en el bolsillo, Moser argumenta en su articulo que si se considera la justificacion de las proposiciones contingentes indefinidas, y la manera en que estas son verdaderas, la deducibilidad de la justificacion en los contraejemplos de Gettier es falsa, pues para una proposicion indefinida como (2), la cual puede ser verdadera de muchas maneras en particular, no se puede tener evidencia justificada sobre la base de una evidencia justificada de una proposicion "menos indefinida" como (1). Por otra parte, niega que una proposicion indefinida como (2) pueda estar justificada sobre la base de la evidencia de (1) cuando la manera en que (2) es verdadera es por coincidencia e improbable (porque coincidentemente y de manera improbable sea Smith, y no Jones, quien obtenga el empleo y posea las 10 monedas). Como corolario el autor declara que es falso el principio de deducibilidad de la justificacion segun el cual, si una persona S esta justificada en creer que (1), y (l) implica logicamente (2), y S deduce (2) de (1) y cree (2) como un resultado de esta deduccion, entonces S esta justificado en creer que (2); porque, aunque (1) implica logicamente (2), la evidencia justificada de que (1) no proporciona a S evidencia justificada para cada manera en que (2) es, o seria, verdadera. Por tanto, S no esta justificado en creer que (2) sobre la base de la evidencia de que (1). [Wonfilio Trejo]
Frontoparietal Network in Executive Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Higher cognitive functions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by impairments in executive functions (EF). While some research attributes this to an overreliance of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), others demonstrate poor recruitment of the PFC in individuals with ASD. In order to assess the emerging consensus across neuroimaging studies of EF in ASD, the current study used a coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis of 16 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, resulting in a meta-analysis of data from 739 participants (356 ASD, 383 typically developing [TD] individuals) ranging from 7 to 52 years of age. Within-group analysis of EF tasks revealed that both TD and ASD participants had significant activity in PFC regions. Analysis of group differences indicated greater activation in ASD, relative to TD participants, in the right middle frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortex, and lesser activation in the bilateral middle frontal, left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus. Although both ASD and TD participants showed similar PFC activation, there was differential recruitment of wider network of EF regions such as the IPL in ASD participants. The under-recruitment of parietal regions may be due to poor connectivity of the frontoparietal networks with other regions during EF tasks or a restricted executive network in ASD participants which is limited primarily to the PFC. These results support the executive dysfunction hypothesis of ASD and suggests that poor frontoparietal recruitment may underlie some of the EF difficulties individuals with ASD experience. LAY SUMMARY: This study reports a meta-analysis of 16 brain imaging studies of executive functions (EF) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While parts of the brain's EF network is activated in both ASD and control participants, the ASD group does not activate a wider network of EF regions such as the parietal cortex. This may be due to poor EF network connectivity, or a constrained EF network in ASD participants. These results may underlie some of the EF difficulties individuals with ASD experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1762-1777. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Evidence-Based Treatment for Mental Health Care Post-Disaster

Disasters of various types and severity impact communities around the world. The physical and environmental impacts are often immediately apparent post-disaster, and recovery can take days, weeks, months, or years. However, the potential mental health impacts affecting individuals, families, and communities are not as apparent. To address this area of disaster management, we explore the current evidence for mental health treatments post-disaster. Mental health interventions of varying intensity are reviewed including psychoeducation and outreach and short-term, long-term, and alternative interventions (i.e., Internet- and mobile-based applications). Evidence-based treatments for individuals and groups across the life span are reviewed. Additionally, mental health treatments and considerations for vulnerable populations are discussed. These populations include first responders and recovery workers, media and news reporters, children and families, older adults, people with physical disabilities or illness, people with mental health and/or substance use problems, and people with limited English proficiency (including immigrants). Lastly, future directions for mental health interventions post-disaster are addressed.
Ethics in financial advertising: a study on direct mail for credit cards

Two experiments were conducted to explore the extent to which disclosing minimum required payment in a credit card company’s direct mail advertisements to college students influenced perceived trus...
CAR T cells Targeting Human Immunoglobulin Light Chains Eradicate Mature B-cell Malignancies While Sparing a Subset of Normal B Cells.

Purpose: CD19-redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR.CD19) T cells promote clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, patients showing sustained clinical responses after CAR.CD19-T treatment show increased infection risk due to compromised B-lymphocyte recovery. Mature B cell–derived malignancies express monoclonal immunoglobulins bearing either κ- or λ-light chains. We initially constructed CAR-T targeting the κ-light-chain (CAR.κ) and established a clinical study with it. After optimizing the CAR molecule, cells developed CAR-T targeting the λ-light chain (CAR.λ) and we explored their antitumor activity. Experimental Design: Using Igλ+ lymphoma cell lines and patient-derived Igλ+ CLL cells, we evaluated the in vitro tumor cytotoxicity and cytokine profiles of CAR.λ. We also assessed the in vivo efficacy of CAR.λ in xenograft Igλ+ lymphoma models including a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of mantle cell lymphoma, and the effects of λ- or κ-light chain–specific CAR-T on normal B lymphocytes in a humanized murine model. Results: CAR.λ demonstrated antitumor effects against Igλ+ lymphoma cells and patient-derived CLL cells in vitro, and in vivo in xenograft and PDX Igλ+ lymphoma murine models. Antitumor activity of CAR.λ was superimposable to CAR.CD19. Furthermore, we demonstrated in the humanized murine model that λ- or κ-light chain–specific CAR-T cells only depleted the corresponding targeted light chain–expressing normal B cells, while sparing the reciprocal light chain carrying B cells. Conclusions: Adoptive transfer of CAR.λ and CAR.κ-T cells represents a useful and alternative modality to CAR.CD19-T cells in treating mature B-cell malignancies with minimal impact on humoral immunity. See related commentary by Jain and Locke, p. 5736
Exploring Affect Recognition in a Virtual Reality Environment

The current global pandemic has resulted in increased social isolation for many. To combat worsening mental states including increased stress and boredom resulting from loneliness, we present a virtual environment designed to simulate social interaction and improve mood. The virtual environment takes the form of a restaurant in which users hold a conversation with a virtual patron. Built in the Unity3D engine and experienced in an Oculus Quest virtual reality headset, our program communicates with an off-the-shelf electroencephalogram (EEG) headset to gather user affective states. Affective states trigger changes in lighting, sound, and conversation topics in real-time based on the user's emotions. The changes made to the environment reflect relevant psychology research to potentially improve the user's mood.
Water Out of Thin Air: Designing an Atmospheric Water Generator to Address Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a significant and escalating issue that is currently affecting every continent on the globe. According to the United Nations, water usage has been increasing at more than twice the rate of population growth, and it is estimated that 4 billion people experience severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year [1]. Often, there is an abundance of water in the atmosphere, with nearly 12,900 cubic kilometers of water present at any time [2]. To take advantage of this water source, our solution involves the design of an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) that can provide water to areas with medium to high humidity. The design converts water vapor into a liquid while minimizing the amount of input energy needed. The Earth is known to have a relatively cool and constant temperature of around 55°F at shallow underground depths [3]. The design uses the ground as a thermal sink by incorporating an optimized underground heat exchanger. This is accomplished with a closed-loop system of geothermal piping configured in a helical arrangement and a circulating pump powered by a photovoltaic (PV) panel. This allows for a liquid coolant (water) to reduce in temperature and be utilized above ground. The above-ground portion of the system consists of a crossflow finned heat exchanger, which allows for the cooled water to enter and condense humidity in the air. Air at 26.7°C and 85% relative humidity is directed at a rate of 0.23 kg per second across the heat exchanger by a fan which is powered by the PV panel. The air cools as it passes the heat exchanger and allows for water to condensate, which is collected, measured, and recorded via a remote data collection system. The system generates 200 milliliters of water every hour. Parameters such as temperatures, relative humidity, flow rate, and atmospheric conditions are also collected to verify the design and to model data for other regions around the world. It is an innovative design that offers a unique solution to help alleviate water scarcity.
Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

The ability to measure stem cell mutations is a powerful tool to quantify in a critical cell population if, and to what extent, a chemical can induce mutations that potentially lead to cancer. The use of an enzymatic assay to quantify stem cell mutations in the X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene has been previously reported.1 This method requires the preparation of frozen sections and incubation of the sectioned tissue with a reaction mixture that yields a blue color if the cells produce functional glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme. If not, the cells appear whitish. We have modified the reaction mixture using Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound (OCT) medium in place of polyvinyl alcohol. This facilitates pH measurement, increases solubilization of the G6PD staining components and restricts diffusion of the G6PD enzyme. To demonstrate that a mutation occurred in a stem cell, the entire crypt must lack G6PD enzymatic activity. Only if a stem cell harbors a phenotypic G6PD mutation will all of the progeny in the crypt lack G6PD enzymatic activity. To identify crypts with a stem cell mutation, four consecutive adjacent frozen sections (a level) were cut at 7 µm thicknesses. This approach of making adjacent cuts provides conformation that a crypt was fully mutated since the same mutated crypt will be observed in adjacent sections. Slides with tissue samples that were more than 50 µm apart were prepared to assess a total of >104 crypts per mouse. The mutation frequency is the number of observed mutated (white) crypts ÷ by the number of wild type (blue) crypts in a treatment group.
Novel highly nonlinear bismuth oxide fiber for supercontinuum generation

Supercontinuum generation is observed in highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber with normal dispersion. The small effective area and high nonlinearity allow generation of smooth, spectrally-unstructured spectra from 1300 nm to > 1700 nm with sub-0.5 nJ pulse energies at 1540 nm.
Deregulation, Innovation and Market Liberalization: Electricity Regulation in a Continually Evolving Environment

TABLE of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: A Brief History and Theory of Electric Utility Regulation in the United States Chapter 3: A Decentralized Coordination Framework for Analyzing Regulatory Institutions Chapter 4: Rethinking Retail Regulation: Enabling Active Demand and Retail Choice Chapter 5: Organizational Form and the Wires Chapter 6: Network Reliability and Short-Term Security: Decentralized Coordination Using Demand as a Resource Chapter 7: Reliability, Resource Adequacy, and Capacity Markets Chapter 8: Is Network Reliability A Public Good? Chapter 9: Facilitating Technology-Enabled Decentralized Coordination
B0s Decays and B Hadron Leptonic Decays

Branching fractions of B^0s decays into specific CP eigenstates are presented, and these and other results are combined in world averages to evaluate implications on the width difference between mass or CP eigenstates, \Delta\Gamma_s. New results on purely leptonic decays of B hadrons from the Tevatron and B factories are also presented.
Distributed processing network architecture for reconfigurable computing

This paper introduces a set of rules and guidelines for the implementation of a distributed processing network (DPN) as the basis for a dynamic reconfigurable architecture targeted at improving the performance of microprocessor (muP) based systems in computationally intensive application domains. In order to provide the computation gains needed to improve upon the performance of the muP, the DPN architecture offers: 1) A low reconfiguration overhead, 2) A simple control interface, 3) Dynamic resource allocation, 4) Concurrent execution with dynamic reconfiguration, 5) Lower power dissipation than a muP executing the same computation kernel and, 6) Scalability to tackle tasks of varying resource requirements. DPN is currently targeted at realtime computationally intensive application domains such as compression, and signal transformations
Minimum classification error training of hidden Markov models for handwriting recognition

This paper evaluates the application of minimum classification error (MCE) training to online-handwritten text recognition based on hidden Markov models. We describe an allograph-based, character level MCE training aimed at minimizing the character error rate while enabling flexibility in writing style. Experiments on a writer-independent discrete character recognition task, covering all alpha-numerical characters and keyboard symbols, show that MCE achieves more than 30% character error rate reduction compared to the baseline maximum likelihood-based system.
Production of Antibodies to Dopamine-β-hydroxylase of Bovine Adrenal Medulla

Purified dopamine-β-hydroxylase was prepared from bovine adrenal medulla and a potent and specific antibody to the enzyme was produced in rabbits. The antibody markedly inhibited dopamine-β-hydroxylase from bovine, dog, guinea pig adrenals, and human pheochromocytoma. Agar double diffusion studies also revealed an interaction between the antibody and enzyme from the various species. The specificity of the antibody was demonstrated by the lack of inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase, the other two enzymes in the pathway of catecholamine biosynthesis. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank Dr. Walter Lovenberg for measuring the DOPA decarboxylase and for assistance in the disc gel electrophoresis studies and Dr. Morton Levitt for help in preparing and assaying some of the enzymes. We also wish to thank Dr. Leonard A. Fahien for advice and helpful suggestions.
Single machine scheduling: A comparison of two solution procedures

Abstract Recent research on the single machine scheduling problem has focused on the treatment of multiple scheduling objectives. Most works have used some combination of mean flowtime, maximum tardiness, or total tardiness as scheduling criteria. Previous research has largely ignored earliness as a scheduling criterion. This paper presents a model that employs the criteria of flowtime as a measure of work-in-process (WIP) inventory and total job earliness to represent finished goods inventory. Total tardiness is used to represent customer satisfaction. The three criteria are used to form a single, weighted-sum objective function for guiding the choice of the best processing sequence. Two procedures are presented that might be used to solve this problem. The first is an enumeration scheme using bounding and dominance criteria that have been developed to aid efficient solution, and the second is a mixed integer linear programming (LP) formulation. Computational experience with the two models is also presented.
The petrologic evolution and pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)

The Kos Plateau Tuff is a large (>60 km3) and young (160 k.y.) calc-alkaline, high-SiO2 rhyolitic ignimbrite from the active Kos-Nisyros volcanic center in the Aegean arc (Greece). Combined textural, petrological and geochemical information suggest that (1) the system evolved dominantly by crystal fractionation from (mostly unerupted) more mafic parents, (2) the magma chamber grew over ≥ 250 000 years at shallow depth (∼1.5-2.5 kb) and was stored as a H2O-rich crystalline mush close to its solidus (∼670-750°C), (3) the eruption occurred after a reheating event triggered by the intrusion of hydrous mafic magma at the base of the rhyolitic mush. Rare banded pumices indicate that the mafic magma only mingled with a trivial portion of resident crystal-rich rhyolite; most of the mush was remobilized following partial melting of quartz and feldspars induced by advection of heat and volatiles from the underplated, hotter mafic influx.
Salivary habituation to food stimuli in successful weight loss maintainers, obese and normal-weight adults.

Salivary habituation to food stimuli in successful weight loss maintainers, obese and normal-weight adults
MPTP-treated young mice but not aging mice show partial recovery of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by stereotaxic injection of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF)

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a heparin-binding polypeptide that acts as a neurotrophic factor for certain central and peripheral neurons. Acidic FGF was injected stereotaxically into the striatum of young (2-month-old) and aging (12-month-old) C57BL/6 mice that were treated 1 week before with systemic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP treatment (4 x 20 mg/kg, i.p. given 12 h apart) reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers in the striatum and reduced dopamine (DA) concentration to 32% of the controls in young and 20% of the controls in aging mouse brain 5 weeks after administration. Although the DA concentration recovered to 43% of the controls in young mice following stereotaxic injection of aFGF 5 weeks after MPTP treatment, aging mice with such treatment did not show a significant recovery of DA concentration. Computerized image analysis of TH-IR fibers in the striatum also showed significant recovery in young mice treated with aFGF, while aging mice did not show a significant recovery. We conclude that treatment of MPTP-depleted young mice with aFGF results in partial recovery in the nigrostriatal DA system but such benefits decline with age.
Uric acid and basic amino acids during metamorphosis of the tobacco hornworm, Menduca sexta, with special reference to the meconium

Abstract The low level of uric acid in the mature tobacco hornworm larva builds up rapidly during the prepupa stage to attain a maximum concentration at the time of the prepupal-pupal apolysis. During the pupal stage and most of pharate adult development the uric acid level decreases by 50 per cent, but then increases again to a level equalling that at the prepupal-pupal apolysis shortly before eclosion. During early metamorphosis, most of the uric acid is in the fat body, but this is all transported to the meconium prior to adult emergence. There is little change in the basic amino acid composition of the bulk protein during metamorphosis, whereas the free basic amino acids, which appear not to be in equilibrium with the protein residues, first rise and then fall in concentration. Lysine and histidine are about equally distributed between the meconium and the rest of the organism; ornithine is concentrated in the meconium, whereas arginine is efficiently excluded.