cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin and Hyperfine Structure of Arsenic-76

Hyperfine structure in the $^{4}S_{\frac{3}{2}}$ ground state of the radioactive atom ${\mathrm{As}}^{76}$ has been investigated by the method of magnetic resonance in an atomic beam produced by microwave discharge dissociation of arsenic vapor. $\ensuremath{\Delta}F=0$ resonances were observed within both the $F=\frac{5}{2}$ and $F=\frac{7}{2}$ atomic levels at several values of magnetic field up to about 5 oe, indicating that the spin of the ${\mathrm{As}}^{76}$ nucleus is 2. An analysis of multiple quantum transition spectra within the same $F$ states gave a measurement for two of the hfs intervals: $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{7}{2},\frac{5}{2}}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(117\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)$ Mc/sec and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{3}{2}}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16)$ Mc/sec, with the same sign for both. From the value of the hfs constant $A$, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the arsenic nucleus is (1.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ oe in reasonable agreement with the variation in this field among similar atoms. The value of ${g}_{J}$ has been found to be 1.994\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 for arsenic.
Empirically validated availability model of information and communication technologies facilities under hurricane conditions

This paper presents case studies of information and communications technology facilities performance under hurricane conditions supported by empirical data. The paper uses availability models along with outage data and field damage assessments to evaluate ICT site power supply availability. The study use hurricanes Katrina (2005), Ike (2008) and Sandy (2012) as case studies. The analysis focuses on first refueling cycle for the diesel genset for various impacted regions for various refueling time characteristics. Additionally, battery backup times are also considered. It is found that the expected availability of ICT sites standby supply systems during these hurricanes was below accepted standards in the telecom industry. The effects of cooling infrastructure and energy storage on ICT site availability are also discussed.
Quantifying Large Effects of Framework Flexibility on Diffusion in MOFs: CH4 and CO2 in ZIF‐8

Breathe in, breathe out: efficient methods are introduced for assessing the role of framework flexibility on molecular diffusion in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that does not require defining a classical forcefield for the MOF. These methods combine ab initio MD of the MOF with classical MD simulation of the diffusing molecules. The effects of flexibility are shown to be large for CH(4), but not for CO(2), in ZIF-8.
Multiphysics modeling of magnetorheological dampers

The dynamics of a small scale magnetorheological damper were modeled and analyzed using multiphysics commercial finite element software to couple the electromagnetic field distribution with the non-Newtonian fluid flow. The magnetic flux lines and field intensity generated within the damper and cyclic fluid flow in the damper under harmonic motion were simulated with the AC/DC and CFD physics modules of COMSOL Multiphysics, respectively. Coupling of the physics is achieved through a modified Bingham plastic definition, relating the fluid’s dynamic viscosity to the intensity of the induced magnetic field. Good agreement is confirmed between simulation results and experimentally observed resistance forces in the damper. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of utilizing magnetorheological dampers in a medical orthosis for pathological tremor attenuation. The implemented models are thus dimensioned on a relatively small scale. The method used, however, is not specific to the damper’s size or geometry and can be extended to larger-scale devices with little or no complication.
Initiation of the DNA replication cycle in Escherichia coli: linkage of origin daughter DNA to parental DNA?

Many models for the mechanism of initiation of DNA replication in bacteria include the idea that DNA synthesis is initiated at the 3t-OH end of a parental DNA strand. We have tried to determine whether the initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli involves covalent joining of origin daughter DNA to pre-existing parental DNA. The technique used to visualize such a linkage was a density shift from 5-bromouracil to thymine at the time of initiation of a cycle of DNA replication. When such a density shift is made during DNA chain elongation, intermediate density DNA fragments due to transition points are observed, but when the density shift is made at the time of initiation of new rounds of DNA replication, intermediate density DNA fragments due to linkage of origin daughter DNA to parental DNA are not found. These results indicate that if DNA replication in E. coli is initiated by linkage to parental DNA, such linkage persists for less than one to two minutes.
Stopping of Energetic Copper Ions in Aluminum

By means of differential-range experiments, we have measured the average ranges and range straggling of 24-min ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{60}$ and 3.3-h ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{61}$ in Al. These species were produced with initial recoil energies from 3 to 18 MeV by bombardment of thin targets of ${\mathrm{Co}}^{59}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{55}$ with ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$, and ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ heavy-ion beams. The average ranges increase smoothly with recoil energy and the distributions in range about the average values follow a Gaussian relationship. The experimental range-energy data are in good agreement with theoretical expectations, assuming total momentum transfer over the full energy region investigated. We conclude that the nuclear processes which produced the recoiling ions are pure compound-nucleus reactions. Although theory and experiment yield consistent average-range values, the stopping-theory predictions for range straggling are much smaller than experimental estimates of the straggling inherent in the stopping process. The source of the discrepancy is discussed in terms of the relative contributions of electronic and nuclear stopping.
Factors influencing axial and radial tensile strengths of tablets.

The axial and radial tensile strengths of compressed tablets have been measured by a tensiometer. A comparison of these strengths is indicative of the bonding strength in two directions and may be related to the tendency toward capping. The influence of compressional force, concentration of binder, and time on the tensile strengths of several materials is presented.
The Sense of Self in Lucid Dreams: “Self as Subject” vs. “Self as Agent” vs. “Self as Object”:

Kunzendorf (1987-1988, 2000) asserts that nocturnal dream images are not accompanied by any definitive self-consciousness that one is imaging, rather than perceiving, and that “lucid” dreams are indiscriminatively inferred to be imaginary. Consistent with this assertion, 35% of the 93 lucid dreamers in this study knew it to be true that “[d]uring a lucid dream, [they] have heard a real noise (an alarm clock, e.g.) and have believed the noise to be part of [their] lucid dream … without any immediate self-awareness [of] actually perceiving the noise.” Also consistent with Kunzendorf's assertion, every participant reportedly inferred the imaginary nature of his or her lucid dreams—8% of the time because his or her “experience was too nightmarish to be real,” 6% of the time because his or her “secret wishes were realized in the dream,” and so on. Focusing on the sense of self as agent, rather than self-consciousness or the sense of self as subject, Georgieff and Jeannerod (1998) suggest that concordance betwe...
Relations between Soil Moisture and Satellite Vegetation Indices in the U.S. Corn Belt

Abstract Satellite-derived vegetation indices extracted over locations representative of midwestern U.S. cropland and forest for the period 1990–94 are analyzed to determine the sensitivity of the indices to neutron probe soil moisture measurements of the Illinois Climate Network (ICN). The deseasoned (i.e., departures from multiyear mean annual cycle) soil moisture measurements are shown to be weakly correlated with the deseasoned full resolution (1 km × 1 km) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) data over both land cover types. The association, measured by the Pearson-moment-correlation coefficient, is stronger over forest than over cropland during the growing season (April–September). The correlations improve successively when the NDVI and FVC pixel data are aggregated to 3 km × 3 km, 5 km × 5 km, and 7 km × 7 km areas. The improved correlations are partly explained by the reduction in satellite navigation errors as spatial aggregation occurs, as well as t...
Understanding of spin-on-glass (SOG) properties from their molecular structure

A summary of various types of SOG materials and their properties is presented. The authors correlate these properties with molecular structure and constituents such as phosphorous and methyl dopants. Process integration issues associated with each type of SOG material are also discussed. >
High-temperature contact metallization to semiconductors

Contacts are the limiting factor in the performance of electronic devices operated at high temperatures. To fulfil the advanced requirements for contacts in that application, the most effective metallization scheme, at present, is one which is functionally divided into intermediate layers. A diffusion barrier is introduced between the interconnecting metal and the semiconductor to minimize interactions between the two. The best results are obtained with chemically inert ternary amorphous alloys that lack extended defects and grain boundaries. The contacting layer determines the electrical characteristics of the contact. Its design is complicated by the complex multielemental nature of its chemical interaction with high-temperature compound semiconductors. The concept and implementation of diffusion barriers and contacting layers are discussed with an emphasis on contacting layers to SiC.
'Kennel cough' in a patient following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that frequently causes infections in animals, including atrophic rhinitis in swine, snuffles in rabbits and kennel cough in dogs.1 The most common symptom of kennel cough is a dry ‘honking’ cough. B. bronchiseptica belongs to the same genus as the causative agent of whooping cough in humans, Bordetella pertussis, an organism that infects only humans. Most infections with B. bronchiseptica occur in immunocompromised individuals exposed to farm or companion animals, although infections have been reported in immunocompetent patients.1, 2, 3 The organism is usually susceptible in vitro to the aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal penicillins, quinolones, tetracycline, third-generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Effective treatment is often difficult because of the patient's underlying disease and the ability of the organism to invade and persist in epithelial cells. The two veterinary vaccines currently marketed are an avirulent live intranasal vaccine and a s.c. antigen extract vaccine. Although data suggest that the intranasal route may be effective within 72 h, there is less data on the efficacy of the s.c. vaccine.
Ten-year review of rating scales. II: Scales for internalizing disorders.

ABSTRACT Objective This article, the second in the Journal' s series of 10-year updates on rating scales, summarizes scales assessing internalizing disorders. Method The authors sampled articles on mood and anxiety disorders over the past 25 years, selected scales with multiple citations over many years, and reviewed their properties. Those with adequate psychometric properties, plus continued wide literature citations or a current special niche, are presented here. Results Rating scales for depression were developed and/or examined in the 1980s. Despite generally strong properties, they lack clear construct validity. Most have parent-report forms that broaden their suitability with youths. Anxiety scales were developed bimodally. Those developed in the 1960s to 1970s were downward modifications of adult scales. They have been criticized for unclear constructs and unsuitability for youths. Newer scales developed in the 1990s have addressed these problems and have parent-report forms. However, their utility is still being determined. Conclusions Rating scales can reliably, validly, and efficiently measure youths' internalizing psychopathology. They have great utility in research, treatment planning, and accountability in practice. However, the user must define the goals of measurement, consider the construct the scale measures, and use the scale within its defined capabilities. The use of more than one scale for a task is recommended.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation–Specific Comorbidity Index Predicts Inpatient Mortality and Survival in Patients Who Received Allogeneic Transplantation Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

Purpose To investigate the prognostic value of the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation‐Specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) in patients who received transplantation admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
A Cell Cycle Analysis of Growth-related Genes Expressed during T Lymphocyte Maturation

Fetal liver or bone marrow-derived T lymphocyte precursors undergo extensive, developmentally regulated proliferation in response to inductive signals from the thymic microenvironment. We have used neonatal mouse thymocytes size-separated by centrifugal elutriation to study the cell cycle stage-specific expression of several genes associated with cell proliferation. These include genes involved in the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotide precursors, such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TS), and the M1 and M2 subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, as well as c-myc, a cellular oncogene of unknown function. Using nuclear run-on assays, we observed that the transcription rates for these genes, with the exception of TS, are essentially invariant not only throughout the cell cycle in proliferating cells, but also in noncycling (G0) cells. The TS gene showed a transient increase in transcription rate in cells which bordered between a proliferating and nonproliferating status. Studies of an elutriated T cell line, S49.1, yielded similar results, indicating that the process of immortalization has not affected the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Analysis of steady-state mRNA levels using an RNase protection assay demonstrated that the levels of DHFR and TS mRNA accumulate as thymocytes progress through the cell cycle. In contrast, only the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase showed cyclic regulation. Finally, in contrast to cultured cell models, we observed an abrupt fivefold increase in the steady-state level of c-myc mRNA in the transition from G1 to S-phase. We conclude from these studies that the transcriptional regulation of specific genes necessary for cellular proliferation is a minor component of the developmental modulation of the thymocyte cell cycle.
Introducing students grades 6-12 to expressive robotics

Every year, tens of thousands of middle school and high school students participate in robotics competitions, such as Botball, FIRST, and VEX. This provides them with an excellent introduction to the ins and outs of building robots and programming them to autonomously accomplish specific tasks. However, the rules of many of these competitions often limit or prohibit human interaction with the robots. As a result, students are not exposed to and are, thus, not encouraged to think about human-robot interaction (HRI) and its potential impacts on society.To start getting a new generation of students thinking about HRI, we held a workshop entitled "Expressive Robotics: Motion and Emotion" at the 2011 Global Conference on Educational Robotics. The focus of the workshop was to teach the students how to program robots to express emotion and intent just through the robot's physical actions. The robot used by each participating group was not unlike the ones they used in competitions: an iRobot Create base provided a mobile platform, upon which stood a three degree-of-freedom arm, serving as an articulated spine and head.Each group was first asked to program the robot in a way that expressed one of Eckman's six basic emotions. They were then tasked with implementing a simple keyframe animation system to control the robot's limited degrees of freedom, which they could then modify to illustrate certain principles from theatre and animation. They used their animation system to tell a story purely through robot motion and interactions with props, as seen in Figure 1. Students were encouraged to focus on making the robot's emotion and intent apparent to a human audience.Ultimately, the workshop proved to be a great success; it was very well-received by all involved, who encouraged us to make this an annual event at the conference. We felt that this type of workshop served as a fine proof-of-concept for introducing students grades 6-12 to human factors in robotics, and could be extended throughout the entire K-12 education pipeline. Furthermore, we believe that exposure to sociable robotics has the potential to increase interest and self-efficacy of underrepresented student populations, particularly girls, in STEM-related activities1.
Fusion of homopolymers and ordered copolymers containing ethylene sebacate structural units

The melting temperatures of homopolymers of poly(ethylene sebacate) possessing a most probable molecular weight distribution and ordered copolymers of ethylene sebacate/propylene adipate were studied by slow heating processes and by the analysis of the dependence of the melting temperature on the crystallization temperature utilizing rapid heating rates. For the ordered copolyesters, where the composition of the crystallizing co-units ranged from 0.8 to 0.2 mole fraction the latter method gave results which were similar to those that have been obtained for the other polymer systems that have been studied. Extrapolated equilibrium melting temperatures could be obtained in a straightforward manner and were found to be independent of the copolymer composition in accord with theoretical expectations. On the other hand, a unique set of results were obtained for the homopolymers. A plot of the relationship between the melting temperature and the crystallization temperature for all the molecular weights studied gave a slope close to unity. This made it operationally impossible to extrapolate to the equilibrium melting temperature for this system.
An Examination of Co-Teaching: Perspectives and Efficacy Indicators

Co-teaching has been developed as an instructional approach to support students with disabilities in general education classrooms. The purpose of this study was to identify teachers’ and students’ perspectives of co-teaching and the efficacy of this teaching approach. Forty-five co-teachers and 58 students with disabilities (N = 103), all of whom were new to co-taught classrooms during the 2004 through 2005 school year, participated in this study. Data were collected from surveys, observations, and records review. Significant differences in student academic and behavioral performances were found in comparisons between the year before co-teaching and the year of co-teaching. Students with disabilities and their teachers also reported positive perspectives about co-teaching. Based on these preliminary results, co-teaching appears to be an effective instructional delivery option for meeting the needs of students with disabilities in general education classrooms.
Prevention of bacterial adherence to implant surfaces with a crosslinked albumin coating in vitro

Titanium surfaces were coated with bovine serum albumin using carbodiimide, a crosslinking agent. The durability of the coated surfaces and the inhibitory effect of the albumin coating on bacterial adherence were tested in vitro for 20 consecutive days at 37 degrees C in phosphate buffered saline, with intermittent agitation. The results showed that only 10% of the coated bovine serum albumin decayed off the surface during the 20-day incubation period. The inhibition rate of the albumin coating on bacterial adherence remained high (greater than 8.5%) throughout the experiment. The results suggested potential use of this crosslinked albumin coating to reduce bacterial adherence and thus the subsequent possibility of prosthetic or implant infection in vivo.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor toxicity and mitochondrial DNA.

Importance of the field: HIV/AIDS is a worldwide epidemic. While there remains no cure for the HIV-1 infection, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) have helped transform the HIV-1 infection from a lethal disease into a chronic illness. Though NRTIs inhibit HIV-1 replication, they exhibit side effects in human tissues that appear to result from NRTI inhibition of human mitochondrial polymerase γ (pol γ). Areas covered in this review: This review discusses the current knowledge of NRTI-induced toxicity, specifically the inhibition of pol γ and the mitochondrial toxicity from incorporation of NRTIs into mitochondrial DNA. Details are discussed about general mechanisms of NRTI toxicity and how specific tissue toxicities in mitochondria relate to clinical manifestation. What the reader will gain: A detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial toxicity resulting from NRTI-inclusive therapies and related tissue toxicities are provided. This review presents both the molecular effects of NRTI usage on m...
Derivable Nets May be Embedded in Nonderivable Planes

A construction is given that provides examples of infinite dual affine translation planes which contain derivable nets D but which are not derivable by the derivation of D.
Comparison of Baroreflex Sensitivity to Fall and Rise in Blood Pressure Induced by the Valsalva Maneuver (S36.007)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if BRS_v can be determined from the rise in BP during phase III-IV of the VM (BRS_v↑), to assess the association between BRS_v↑ and BRS_v derived from the preceeding BP decrement (BRS_v↓), and to validate BRS_v↑ as an index of autonomic function. BACKGROUND: The baroreflex plays a key role in human blood pressure (BP) regulation. The afferent limb of the baroreflex arc consists of arterial pressure sensors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch with glossopharyngeal and vagal afferents. The efferent limb modifies BP via a vagal (heart rate) and adrenergic component (peripheral resistance and cardiac output). The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is widely used to quantify the sensitivity of the vagal baroreflex loop (vagal baroreflex sensitivity, BRS_v), but most studies have focused on the heart period (HP) response to BP decrement , even though the subsequent response to an increment in BP following the VM is important and different. DESIGN/METHODS: We studied patients with severe autonomic failure (n=49, 25 female), mild autonomic failure (n=25, 11 female), and age and sex-matched normal controls (n=29, 15 female). All subjects underwent standardized autonomic reflex testing. BRS_v↑ and BRS_v↓ were calculated as the regression slope of HP and systolic BP during phase III-IV and early phase II of the VM, respectively, and compared with other autonomic indices across patient groups. RESULTS: BRS_v↑ could be calculated in all subjects and correlated highly with with BRS_v↓ (r=0.72, p<0.001). BRS_v↑ also significantly correlated with BP changes during phase II and IV of the VM and adrenergic barosensitivity. BRS_v↑ was significantly different between patient groups, being highest in controls and lowest in patients with severe autonomic failure. CONCLUSIONS: Vagal BRS, determined by relating HP to BP increase following phase III, is a valuable autonomic index, provides additional information about vagal baroreflex function, and reflects overall severity of autonomic failure. Study Supported by: Supported by NIH (P01NS44233, K23NS075141, U54NS065736), Mayo CTSA (UL1TR000135), and Mayo Funds. Disclosure: Dr. Wada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gehrking has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sletten has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schmelzer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Low has received personal compensation for activities with Chelsea, Pfizer Inc., and WR Medical Inc. as a consultant. Dr. Low has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Autonomic Neuroscience.
Flow Cytometry: Principles and Clinical Applications in Hematology

The use of flow cytometry in the clinical laboratory has grown substantially in the past decade. This is attributable in part to the development of smaller, user-friendly, less-expensive instruments and a continuous increase in the number of clinical applications. Flow cytometry measures multiple characteristics of individual particles flowing in single file in a stream of fluid. Light scattering at different angles can distinguish differences in size and internal complexity, whereas light emitted from fluorescently labeled antibodies can identify a wide array of cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens. This approach makes flow cytometry a powerful tool for detailed analysis of complex populations in a short period of time. This report reviews the general principles in flow cytometry and selected applications of flow cytometry in the clinical hematology laboratory.
Activity Theory Guided Role Engineering

Roles are convenient and powerful concept for facilitating access to distributed systems and enforcing access management polices. RB AC is one the most widely used role engineering models in enterprises. Several threats arise due to insecure and inefficient design of roles when social and interaction dynamics in an organizational setting are ignored. Activity theory is one of the most a pplied and researched theories in context of understanding human actions, interactions with environments and dynamics against different social entities. The paper, first, presents overview of role -engineering and activity theory. Then the paper presents di fferent methods in which activity theory can be applied for efficient and secure role -engineering processes. A case study, carried out at a US -based midsize financial institution, is also presented to demonstrate 1) how traditional role -engineering process es give way to threats and 2) how using activity theory models (2 used in this paper) can mitigate risks in role -engineering process.
Generalized Fibonacci numbers and applications

The present paper relates to the methods for data encoding and the reading of coded information represented by colored (including monochrome/black, gray) symbols (bars, triangles, circles, or other symbols). It also introduces new algorithms for generating secure, reliable, and high capacity color barcodes by using so called weighted n-dimensional random Fibonacci number based representations of data. The representation, symbols, and colors can be used as encryption keys that can be encoded into barcodes, thus eliminating the direct dependence on cryptographic techniques. To supply an extra layer of security, one may encrypt given data using different types of encryption methods.
Serum Concentrations of Lidocaine and Its Metabolites MEGX and GX During and After Prolonged Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine in Horses after Colic Surgery

Lidocaine is the most commonly used prokinetic after gastrointestinal surgery in horses. Cardiovascular status, hepatic function, and duration of therapy are the primary determinants of lidocaine metabolism, and these factors could affect equine patients after colic surgery. This study examined the systemic concentrations of lidocaine and its active metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX), in horses that had undergone colic surgery and subsequently received prolonged postoperative lidocaine infusions. The mean lidocaine concentration increased over the course of treatment but did not exceed the therapeutic range. Concentrations of MEGX and GX increased progressively, and concentrations exceeding 1,000 ng/ml were observed frequently after 72 hours of infusion. None of the horses in the study developed severe signs of toxicity; however, the progressively increasing concentrations of lidocaine, MEGX, and GX are cause for concern in clinically ill patients receiving prolonged lidocaine therapy. The potential contribution of MEGX and GX should be considered when evaluating adverse reactions to prolonged lidocaine infusions.
A validation study of the Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory

Despite the claims made about the effectiveness of crosscultural training programs, few studies have examined the reliability and validity of the instruments used in these training programs. In this study, the authors examine the factor structure of the Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI) via a confirmatory factor analytic approach. A series of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models was tested and applied at the item level to both the CCAI and Goldberg’s Big Five Inventory. A CFA model in which a method factor was estimated fits the data significantly better than a model without such a method effect. Further, the method factor suppressed substantive relationships such that the two CCAI factors of emotional resilience and personal autonomy became significant correlates with self-reported number of international job assignments after accounting for method variance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Modification of the Microtiter Reading Mirror for Use in the Standardized Micro Complement Fixation Test

Modification of the Microtiter reading mirror used in the standardized diagnostic complement fixation method permits convenient estimation of the results in per cent hemolysis by direct visual comparison with the hemolytic standards. Images
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Risk Assessment and Perioperative Management

Blood in the subarachnoid space is usually a result of a ruptured cerebral arterial aneurysm but also can be due to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation, tumor, embolic stroke, or trauma. In this chapter, we will focus on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. An estimated 1–5% of adults harbor intracranial aneurysms. In the USA alone, each year there are at least 30,000 patients who have SAH due to rupture of a cerebral aneurysm.
Humanization of the Seventh Age of Man

It has been stated that “Gerontology was dominated in the first stage of its brief history by the doctors and the biologists. In a second stage a place was created for the psychologists and sociologists, flanked by some economists and demographers” (1). Now gerontology is at the threshold of a third stage to be dominated, hopefully, by older people themselves who will provide the means for humanizing the last stage of life. Humanization of this stage is one of the greatest needs of today. But to accomplish this, societal attitudes must be reversed. The word “aged” in the American society has been characterized by negativism. One needs to ponder why this negative aspect is so universal here in contrast to some other nations where the aged are held in esteem. We concentrate on the negative rather than the positive. Many can quote Shakespeare’s famous negative remarks, but few are familiar with Tennyson’s quotation, “Old Age hath yet his honor and his toil … Tis not too late to seed a newer world.” The descriptions of old age in present publications often contain such words as “loneliness”, “helplessness”, and “rolelessness”. Many reports on health care focus on the negative such as “Nursing Home Care in the United States, Failure in Public Policy”. Research is needed to determine what forces produced this negativism towards a group which has contributed so much to the development of this country.
The Connection of Probation/Parole Officer Actions to Women Offenders’ Recidivism

Because women offenders often have limited social networks and unique needs, the actions of probation/parole officers providing community supervision may be particularly relevant to outcomes. The present study examined the effects of probation/parole officer relationship style, attention to criminogenic needs, and intensity of supervision on women offenders’ arrests and convictions within a 24-month period. Contrary to findings from other studies, the measured elements of officer actions had no direct effects on recidivism for a sample of 226 women. However, the analysis revealed an indirect effect in which a non-supportive, punitive relationship was related to reactance and anxiety, which in turn were related to high recidivism. The discussion focuses on theoretical and methodological explanations for the null findings regarding direct effects. Moreover, it draws on the literature in psychology and communication to suggest approaches to reducing the reactance that can promote recidivism and to suggest re...
Inertially confined fusion plasmas dominated by alpha-particle self-heating

Inertial confinement fusion, based on laser-heating a deuterium–tritium mixture, is one of the approaches towards energy production from fusion reactions. Now, record energy-yield experiments are reported—bringing us closer to ignition conditions.
Sexual reproduction, development and larval biology in scleractinian corals

This paper brings together widely scattered information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals. It includes a review of information and ideas on sex determination, gametogenesis, gametogenic cycles, fertilization and embryonic development, spawning and planula release, larval behavior, settlement and metamorphosis. The review deals with corals from different habitats and organismic assemblages, including tropical reef corals, temperate water corals, solitary and colonial forms. A summary table of coral species and their known reproductive characteristics is presented.
A hamster fibrohemangiosarcoma: influence of host sex on tumor mass.

SummaryA fibrohemangiosarcoma was produced in hamsters following the injection of cell inocula. These tumors in pregnant, lactating female hamsters attained a wet tumor weight 4-8 times greater than that noted in either adult male or female hamsters within 6-7 wk.Monolayer cell cultures obtained from a fibroma produced by the injection of cells from a Wistar Institute HE-44 culture in its 69th passage was alternately repassaged through inbred Syrian hamsters. Following the fourth animal repassage a culture line was obtained which consistently through the 16th subculture produced tumors composed of spindle cells, endothelial cells and cells intermediate between these two types of cells. It is considered likely that the culture line consisted of mesenchymal cells that have retained some degree of pluripotentiality. Strong acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase and nonspecific esterase activity was present in the cells of the tumor tissue as well as in the cells grown in culture for 16 passages. It is probable th...
Spatial Integration of Maturing-Male White-Tailed Deer into the Adult Population

We monitored range-use patterns of 15 male white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) orphaned as fawns (<12 months) and 19 males maturing with their mothers. Survivors were radiotracked until they were ≥30-months old. Some males did not change their natal range, whereas others extended it, dispersed from it, or made occasional excursions. Dispersals could be classified as gradual short-distance or abrupt long-distance movements. Orphaned males maintained greater affinity for their natal ranges than did non-orphans, but had seasonal ranges that were larger on average until 18 months of age. Common use of range between non-orphans and their mothers ceased as males matured and all but one dispersed. The multiple-response permutation procedure successfully was used for the analysis of range fidelity over time or between individuals as an alternative to range-overlap estimates. The results support the hypothesis that dispersal evolved as a means to reduce the chance of inbreeding; the inclusive fitness of mothers may benefit most from dispersal of their male offspring, leading to a situation in which mothers force their male offspring to leave.
American Literature: A History Hans Bertens and Theo D'haen. New York: Routledge, 2014.

American Literature: A History Hans Bertens and Theo D'haen. New York: Routledge, 2014.In American Literature: A History Hans Bertens and Theo D'haen undertake an enormous task-to cover the entire history of American literature from "beginnings" to "the present" (2010) in 268 pages (not including the bibliography and index). Given the broad scope of their project and the limited space in which they have to cover such an array of information, it is not surprising that, at many times, the history of American literature they provide is oversimplified and that there is some inconsistency in which some literary works, genres, and authors are explored in depth while others receive merely passing mention. However, what this book understandably lacks in depth it more than makes up for in breadth, covering not only the major and canonical literary works and authors but also important popular works and authors who have influenced American literature and culture.Bertens and D'haen organize the book around the major wars that have influenced the United States. Part One, "A Superpower in the Making: Beginnings to World War One," is divided into three chapters: "Beginnings to 1810," "Towards Cultural Independence: 1810 to the Civil War" and "Civil War to World War One: 1865-1918." Part Two, "The American Century: World War One to the Present," is also divided into three chapters: "World War One to the Cold War: 1914-45," "After the War: 1945-80," and "The End and Return of History: 1980-2010." The introduction to each chapter focuses on the important historical and political events that shaped the literature of that period. This is followed by sections using a fluid organization with headings on political events/movements, literary movements, genres, or authors rather than following the organization of many anthologies or other literary histories strictly organizing by author or work within the chapters. This flexible organization allows Bertens and D'haen to highlight different important movements in the history of American literature and focus on those issues more in depth. At times the headings overlap (an author who is given a heading and treated in depth may also appear under a heading on the literary movement in which he/she participated), but while this creates repetition, it also emphasizes key canonical figures in American literature.The introduction to Chapter 1 attempts to define American literature, finally concluding that, for the purposes of this book, American literature is "the oral and written literature created in that part of the North American continent that is now the United States of America, with the proviso that those literatures-like the Dutch-language writings of New Netherland and the French travel literature of Champlain and others- that played no role in the development of American culture and America's self-image will not be considered" (6). …
Sorption and Diffusion of n-Alkyl Acetates in Poly(methyl acrylate)/Silica Nanocomposites

We report partition coefficients (K) and mutual diffusion coefficients (D12) of a homologous series of n-alkyl acetates as a function of particle loading in poly(methyl acrylate)/silica nanoparticle composites. The nanocomposites, prepared using nearly monodisperse poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA, Mw ≃ 56 kDa) and spherical silica (SiO2) nanoparticles of two different diameters (d ≃ 14 nm and ≃50 nm), are all well above their glass transition temperatures. The K values indicate that the addition of silica causes sorption in excess of that expected from a simple blocking effect. Also, for the three smallest penetrants in the series, the addition of nanofiller suppressed the D12, but hardly affected the diffusant concentration dependence of the diffusivity. Conventional composite theory can account quantitatively for the suppression of D12 with particle volume fraction, ϕP, for nanocomposites with the larger nanoparticles (d ≃ 50 nm) but not for those made with the smaller nanoparticles (d ≃ 14 nm), which showed...
Uncertainty Evaluation on Gas Chromatography Determination of Benzene in the Air of Workplace With Short Time Sampling and Solvent Desorption

Objective To establish a method for the uncertainty analysis in gas chromatograghy(GC) determination of benzene in the air of workplace with short time sampling and solvent desorption so as to assess the quality of the results and find out the main influencing factors.Methods A mathematical model for uncertainty of GC determination of benzene in the air of workplace with short time sampling and solvent desorption according to the national standard GBZ/T 160.42-2007 was established to systematically analyze and calculate each component of the uncertainty.Results In GC determination of benzene in the air of workplace with short time sampling and solvent desorption,when the concentration of benzene was 4.14mg/m3,the expanded uncertainty was 0.40mg/m3(k=2).The sampling volume,sampling efficiency,desorption efficiency,preparation of standard solutions and determination of the standard series contributed the most to the relative standard uncertainty of determination.Conclusion The method is applicable to evaluate the main causes of the result error in the uncertainty evaluation of GC determination of benzene in the air of workplace with short time sampling and solvent desorption.
A cross-sectional study on related factors associated with hepatitis C among general population in Henan Province

Objective To explore the related factors associated with hepatitis C among general population in Henan Province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out from April to July 2012. A multi-stage sampling was utilized and finally 30 districts were chosen. Questionnaires were administrated among general population aged 1-75 years. Blood samples were collected and tested for anti-HCV and hepatitis C virus. Results 32 203 persons were investigated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that related factors including: history of formal plasma denotation,blood transfusion,tattooing,non-standard injection behavior and operation. Adjusted ORs and confidence intervals of them 11. 60( 6. 56-20. 52),5. 97( 3. 71-9. 60),2. 66( 1. 37-5. 17),1. 93( 1. 29-2. 90),1. 82( 1. 25-2. 65) respectively. Conclusions It is necessary to continually carry out blood donation and blood security screening,strictly comply with the hygiene standards through health care service,and disseminate knowledge of prevention and treatment of hepatitis C,together with advocating a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce HCV transmission.
Management of the neurologic complications of HIV infection and AIDS.

SUMMARY The approach to neurologic diagnosis and management of HIV-infected and AIDS patients follows that used in general neurologic practice (Table 7) but takes into acount the altered probabilities of differential diagnosis in this group of patients (Tables 2 to 6). Clinical and neurodiagnostic evaluations when pursued with a background understanding of the spectrum of neurologic disorders affecting these patients, allow accurate diagnosis in the great majority of patients. As with other aspects of AIDS, this is an important exercise, as many of these neurologic disorders can be treated with gratifying relief of morbidity or prevention of death.
Effects of Neonicotinoid Pesticide Exposure on Human Health: A Systematic Review.

Background:Numerous studies have identified detectable levels of neonicotinoids (neonics) in the environment, adverse effects of neonics in many species, including mammals, and pathways through whi...
Behavioral characterization of dopamine D5 receptor null mutant mice.

To study behavioral functions of the D 5 subtype, mice were generated with null mutations in the D 5 gene. This 1st behavioral characterization of D 5 null mutant mice (D -/- 5 ) indicated normal general health, sensory abilities, and neurological reflexes. Under basal conditions, D -/- 5 mice were generally normal on locomotor activity, the rotarod test, acoustic startle response, prepulse inhibition, elevated plus-maze, light ↔ dark exploration, Morris water maze, and cued and contextual fear conditioning. In the Porsolt forced swim test for antidepressant activity, male D -/- 5 mice showed lower levels of immobility. D -/- 5 mice showed some evidence of reduced responses to the hyperactivity-inducing effects of the D 1 /D 5 receptor agonist SKF 81297. The ability of SKF 81297 to disrupt acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition appeared to be attenuated in D -/- 5 mice. These results suggest that the D 5 receptor is not essential for many dopamine-mediated behaviors but may contribute to the pharmacological activation of dopaminergic pathways relevant to exploratory locomotion, startle, and prepulse inhibition.
Cyanate Ester Resins with Low Dielectric Properties and Applications

Publisher Summary Cyanate ester resins were recognized from a consideration of polymer structure that these resins had potential for low dielectric applications. The processing characteristics, chemical versatility, and properties associated with this class of thermoset resins have qualified it for low dielectric applications that include printed circuit boards, microelectronic interconnects, antenna coatings, radomes, and sonar domes. This chapter reviews the chemistry and structure–property relationships of cyanate ester resins that are relevant to low dielectric applications. The uniqueness of the cyanate ester resin resides in its polymerization and structure. It is a simple one-component thermoset system with a simple well-defined network structure. This provides a solid foundation on which scientific structure–property studies are built. The high symmetry and low polarity of the network structure are responsible for the low dielectric character of this resin system. The limits as to how low the cyanate ester resin dielectric constant can be pushed may be extrapolated are described in the chapter. For applications, there are always tradeoffs between conflicting properties and between cost and performance. In the future, performance demands for low dielectric materials will inevitably increase, as more is demanded from microelectronics and communications. Based on the currently known property database, the materials availability, and the processing simplicity, cyanate ester resins have a healthy performance to cost ratio.
A History of Prejudice: An African American Autobiography

In focusing this chapter on the reminiscences of a relatively unknown woman, mother, sharecropper, seamstress, writer, and religious educator from Georgia, Viola Perryman Andrews, who began writing in the era of the civil rights struggle, my purpose is more than simply to document another (“hidden”) aspect of African American history. It is rather to identify two different kinds of history, or perhaps one should say two different perspectives on the history of prejudice and difference, and the attendant matter of civil (civic) rights. Recall in this context my proposition that the prejudice of the modern requires us to speak in a standard, recognizable idiom, and a standard recognizable manner, to have our words (ourselves?) deemed worthy of attention. I juxtapose an analysis of Viola Andrews's personal account with the analysis of the more public accounts presented in the last chapter precisely because these narratives are constructed very differently and seem at first sight (as I stated in the Introduction) to talk past each other, apparently unable or unwilling to engage one another. In fact, as I shall show, they speak of many of the same issues: of racial privilege and prejudice, of unequal access to resources and opportunities, of the daily struggle to survive and maintain one's dignity. For all that, they speak in rather different voices, with rather different emphases.