cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High performance object detection by collaborative learning of Joint Ranking of Granules features

Object detection remains an important but challenging task in computer vision. We present a method that combines high accuracy with high efficiency. We adopt simplified forms of APCF features [3], which we term Joint Ranking of Granules (JRoG) features; the features consists of discrete values by uniting binary ranking results of pair-wise granules in the image. We propose a novel collaborative learning method for JRoG features, which consists of a Simulated Annealing (SA) module and an incremental feature selection module. The two complementary modules collaborate to efficiently search the formidably large JRoG feature space for discriminative features, which are fed into a boosted cascade for object detection. To cope with occlusions in crowded environments, we employ the strategy of part based detection, as in [19] but propose a new dynamic search method to improve the Bayesian combination of the part detection results. Experiments on several challenging data sets show that our approach achieves not only considerable improvement in detection accuracy but also major improvements in computational efficiency; on a Xeon 3GHz computer, with only a single thread, it can process a million scanning windows per second, sufficing for many practical real-time detection tasks.
The Effects of Vigilance and Visual Distraction on the P50 Mid-Latency Auditory Evoked Potential

Sensory gating function has been investigated through measurement of the P50 evoked potential. However, the susceptibility of auditory P50 sensory gating to attentional modulation remains unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of vigilance (sustaining alertness across multiple recording blocks) and visual distraction (watching a muted movie versus a static fixation cross). We specifically chose a movie as the distracting stimulus because investigators sometimes show muted movies during P50 paradigms and the effects of this method were previously unknown. We recorded evoked potentials in a standard paired-click paradigm from groups watching a movie or static fixation cross; both groups completed four identical blocks of recording. Ratings of fatigue were recorded throughout the experiment. P50 and N100 amplitude showed signs of habituation, although N100’s amplitude reduction was more prominent than P50. P50 suppression did not change over the course of the recording session, despite increasing fati...
Mobile Voice Over IP (MVOIP): an application-level protocol for call hand-off in real time applications

This paper presents Mobile Voice Over IP, an application-level protocol to support terminal mobility in real-time applications such as voice over IP, on a wireless local area network We describe our MVOIP implementation based on the ITU-T H.323 protocol stack, present experimental results on call hand-off latency, and discuss various implementation issues, including the task of quickly and accurately determining when call hand-off is necessary. We also discuss how MVOIP relates to other proposed mobility support schemes, and how it can be generalized to provide application-level mobility support in a wide range of real and non real-time applications.
Robust Sense Amplifier Design under Random Dopant Fluctuations in Nano-Scale CMOS Technologies

Variation in transistor characteristics and particularly threshold voltage (Vt) has emerged as a major challenge for circuit design in scaled technologies. Process variations result in increased mismatch among neighboring transistors which can affect the correct functionality of circuits such as sense amplifiers. In this paper, we will analyze the impact of process variations on sense amplifier circuits in detail. We will explore statistical design and optimization techniques based on transistor sizing to improve the reliability of sense amplifiers under process variations. Furthermore, we will exploit dual Vt option to enhance the sense amplifier robustness. According to simulation results in a 70 nm process, by optimal transistor sizing and dual Vt assignment, failure probability of sense amplifiers can be greatly reduced (by more than 80%).
Can and need educational technology become a postmodern enterprise

the United States realized its largest period of capital growth and immigration. Public schools multiplied and the profession of teacher education and educational research became permanently established in colleges and universities across the country (Brubacher & Rudy, 1968; Kliebard, 1987). In this period, the second wave of the American industrial revolution, the modern social and cultural era reached its apex. An American version of modernity produced values such as a belief in technology as progress, a faith in unlimited expansion of new frontiers, self-determinacy, utilitarianism, and empiricism (Wiebe, 1995). Life in the classroom and the academy reflected these beliefs, and academic researchers who were part of that rich, modern milieu naturally espoused learning theories and classroom practices that expressed their modern values.
Collision detection for interactive graphics applications

Collision detection and response are important for interactive graphics applications such as vehicle simulators and virtual reality. Unfortunately, previous collision detection algorithms are too slow for interactive use. The paper presents a new algorithm for rigid or articulated objects that meets performance goals through a form of time critical computing. The algorithm supports progressive refinement, detecting collisions between successively tighter approximations to object surfaces as the application allows it more processing time. The algorithm uses simple four dimensional geometry to approximate motion, and hierarchies of spheres to approximate three dimensional surfaces at multiple resolutions. In a sample application, the algorithm allows interactive performance that is not possible with a good previous algorithm. In particular, the new algorithm provides acceptable accuracy while maintaining a steady and high frame rate, which in some cases improves on the previous algorithm's rate by more than two orders of magnitude. >
Introduction to EEG Reading

The first encounter with an EEG tracing is somewhat perplexing to the physician and the technician alike as they are likely to be awestruck by the complexity of the record. Often, the initial impression is that the task is too complex to learn. The physician familiar with reading ECGs soon realizes that there is little in common between the analysis of the repetitive complexes of the ECG and the ever changing waveforms of the EEG. At this stage, the prospective electroencephalographer is tempted to exclaim: “This is all Greek and Latin to me.” Indeed, learning to read EEGs is not unlike learning to read a foreign language.
Possible Mechanisms of Sodium-Dependent Hypertension: Volume Expansion or Vasoconstriction?

A series of experiments was designed to explore the mechanisms contributing to hypertension caused by an acute or chronic sodium load. Acute salt-loading in totally or subtotally nephrectomized animals caused hypertension mediated partly through stimulation of excessive vasopressin release and partly through adrenergic stimulation. Chronic high-salt diet in rats submitted to partial nephrectomy, mineralocorticoid excess or one-kidney-one-clip renovascular hypertension caused blood pressure elevation mediated through a central neurogenic mechanism that could be reversed by administration of an inhibitor of phenyl-ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, the enzyme catalyzing conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine. Thus, two vasopressor mechanisms were stimulated by sodium excess: an acute, transient, partly vasopressin- mediated phase seemed to be followed by a chronic phase mediated through stimulation of central sympathetic neurons. In neither phase was blood pressure related to intravascular fluid volume ...
PROCESS CAPABILITY INDICES- A REVIEW. 1992–2000

We provide a compact survey and brief interpretations and comments on some 170 publications on process capability indices which appeared in widely scattered sources during the years 1992 to 2000. A...
Kleine-Levin Syndrome

A systematic review of all published cases of Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) described in 195 articles since 1962 is presented from Stanford University Center for Narcolepsy, Palo Alto, CA; the Kleine-Levin Syndrome Foundation, Boston, MA; and Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
Early parental loss and personal control in later life

There has been a considerable amount of research on the impact of early parental loss on children and younger adults, but far fewer studies have examined whether the effects of this early traumatic event extend into late life as well. The purpose of this research was to see whether early parental loss is associated with diminished feelings of personal control among older adults who participated in a nationwide survey (N = 519). In the process of examining this relationship, a conceptual model was developed and tested to attempt to explain why early loss may exert this effect. This model tests the following theoretical sequence. First, it is hypothesized that early parental loss is associated with lower levels of educational attainment and that people with limited schooling are more likely to encounter financial problems in later life. Finally, this model predicts that greater financial strain is in turn associated with diminished feelings of personal control among older adults. Subsequent analyses of this model provide empirical support for these theoretical linkages.
Vasopressin antagonism by azacyclonol in hydrated rats.

SummaryStudies of creatinine and PAHA clearance showed a sufficient reduction of GFR and RPF to explain the antidiuretic action of a large dose (75 mg/kg) of azacyclonol. However, a moderate dose (50 mg/kg) produced antidiuresis in the absence of such changes in creatinine and PAHA clearance. A mild diuretic effect was noted in lower doses (12.5 to 25.0 mg/kg). Azacyclonol in doses from 12.5 to 62.5 mg/kg showed antagonism to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin. It is suggested that this antagonism may be the result of weak ADH-like properties of azacyclonol.
Depression of plasma FFA levels in unanesthetized dogs by single intravenous doses of prostaglandin E-1.

SummaryIntravenous injection of large doses of PGE1 into unanesthetized dogs caused marked decreases in plasma FFA levels lasting up to 40 minutes. On the other hand, vasodepression produced by injection of similar doses of PGE1-217 or by injection of nitroglycerin produced no fall in FFA levels, but instead a slight rise. This is interpreted as a response to sympathetic discharge induced by vasodepressor agents that do not share the ability of PGE1 to block the lipolytic action of epinephrine on adipose tissue. Simultaneous intravenous injection of PGE1and epinephrine diminished or abolished the lipid-mobilizing action of the latter, but glucose response was unaffected.
Evaluation of Model Validation Techniques in the Presence of Uncertainty

Model validation is the assessment of the correctness of a model relative to experimental data. The results of a model validation study can be used to either quantify the model form uncertainty or to improve the model (i.e., calibration). The model validation process is generally complicated by the fact that both the simulation outcomes and the experimental outcomes include significant uncertainty which can come in the form of random (aleatory) uncertainties, lack-of-knowledge (epistemic) uncertainties, and bias errors. In this paper, we examine four different approaches to model validation: 1) the area validation metric, 2) the standard validation uncertainty, 3) a modified area validation metric, and 4) an approach based on comparison on probability density functions. In order to provide a rigorous assessment of these model validation frameworks, we employ the recently developed Method of Manufactured Universes (MMU). The main advantage of MMU is that the “true” value in nature is known, thus allowing a rigorous assessment of whether the model validation approaches provide conservative and tight bounds on the true model error. MMU is applied to the compressible turbulent flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil. The “true” values in the manufactured universe are found using turbulent computational fluid dynamics simulations while the “model” employs simplified lift and drag estimates based on thin airfoil theory and empirical drag correlations. Preliminary results indicate that the area validation metrics are less susceptible to over-predict model form uncertainty and that the modified area validation metric further tightens the bounds on the true model error relative to the original area validation metric.
Academic Library Instruction

Instruction about the use of library resources is a relatively new endeavor. Academic librarians have developed a variety of methods to conduct instruction for the benefit of the patrons of academic libraries. Throughout the brief history of academic library instruction, the type of instruction conducted has been transformed into what it is today, and it will undoubtedly continue to change in the future as the needs of academic library patrons change. Despite this transformation, one-shot library instruction is still a fixture in academic libraries, and its very unique characteristics have led to a number of challenges and opportunities when working with faculty and students.
The San Diego Trolley The Little Light Rail That Could

In 1949, San Diego was one of the first major California cities to switch to a bus-only transit fleet. As time went on, both San Diego and its neighbor Tijuana saw explosive population growth, and in the 1970s a combination of strong leadership and a stroke of luck led to San Diego constructing the first post–World War II light rail system in the United States. The original system went from downtown to the Mexican border and received national and international attention for being delivered on time, under budget, and without federal funds. This article explores the system’s origins, strengths, shortcomings, and legacy.
153 COMPARATIVE NON-HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LOWERING BETWEEN GEMFIBROZIL AND STATINS IN DIABETES MELLITUS.

Recent studies suggest that non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL) may be a better predictor of risk than LDL cholesterol (LDL). Gemfibrozil and statins lower NHDL through different effects on lipoproteins; NHDL may represent a unifying index of risk reduction. Purpose We directly compared the NHDL-lowering efficacy of gemfibrozil versus different dose equivalents of statins in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Retrospective analysis of patient data obtained from a diabetes referral clinic. Fasting lipid profiles before and after a 4- to 8-week treatment period of a fixed dose of lipid-lowering monotherapy were collected from lipid-lowering, agent-naive adult diabetic subjects. Patients with evidence of concurrent medical illnesses, alcoholism, suspicion of dietary or medication noncompliance, use of other lipid-altering drugs, or weight change ≥ 10 lbs over the treatment interval were excluded. The primary outcome was the percent change in NHDL across groups receiving gemfibrozil 600 mg bid (G), pravastatin 10 mg (S1), pravastatin 20 mg/simvastatin 10 mg (S2), or pravastatin 40 mg/simvastatin 20 mg or higher dose equivalent (S3); secondary outcomes included changes in fasting triglycerides (TG), total (TC), HDL (HDL), and LDL cholesterol. Results were analyzed as unadjusted comparisons and after multivariate adjustment for age, gender, hemoglobin A1c changes, BMI, and the respective baseline lipid levels. Results A total of 126 datasets were available for analysis. The Table shows percent changes from baseline, and statistical significance of the change relative to the corresponding effect of gemfibrozil based on the multivariate adjustment (*indicates p Conclusions In this retrospective study, we found that gemfibrozil reduced NHDL more than pravastatin 10 mg but less than pravastatin 20 mg/simvastatin 10 mg. This finding demonstrates the potential utility of using NHDL as a unifying lipid-lowering index to compare different classes of agents and is consistent with the modest (but significant) cardiovascular event reduction known to occur with gemfibrozil.
SparkleGeometry: Glitter Imaging for 3D Point Tracking

We consider a geometric inference problem for an imaging system consisting of a camera that views the world through a planar, rectangular sheet of glitter. We describe a procedure to calibrate this imaging geometry as a generalized camera which characterizes the subset of the light field viewed through each piece of glitter. We propose an easy to construct physical prototype and characterize its performance for estimating the 3D position of a moving point light source just by viewing the changing sparkle patterns visible on the glitter sheet.
The Resurgence of Asia

The resurgence of Asia dates from Japan’s defeat of Russian land and sea forces in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. The West had been defeated earlier by Mongols and Turks but never simultaneously on land and sea. The Japanese victory over the Russians was a clarion call to the people of Asia — especially to the Turks, the Persians, and the Indians — to rise up and shake off the fetters of European and (in the Philippines and other islands in the Pacific) American imperialism.
Rate and Proportion Teaching Sequence

Years of teaching remedial mathematics has taught me that traditional, or lecture, method do not always work with our students. Modelling a solution repeatedly and expecting the student to mimic without understanding doesn’t help either. When a question involving rates and proportions is asked, I am confident that a few students will be able to give the correct answer.
Rugosibacter aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium within the family Rhodocyclaceae, isolated from contaminated soil, capable of degrading aromatic compounds.

A bacterial strain designated Ca6T was isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil from the site of a former manufactured gas plant in Charlotte, NC, USA, and linked phylogenetically to the family Rhodocyclaceae of the class Betaproteobacteria. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence was highly similar to globally distributed environmental sequences, including those previously designated 'Pyrene Group 1' demonstrated to grow on the PAHs phenanthrene and pyrene by stable-isotope probing. The most closely related described relative was Sulfuritalea hydrogenivorans strain sk43HT (93.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). In addition to a limited number of organic acids, Ca6T was capable of growth on the monoaromatic compounds benzene and toluene, and the azaarene carbazole, as sole sources of carbon and energy. Growth on the PAHs phenanthrene and pyrene was also confirmed. Optimal growth was observed aerobically under mesophilic temperature, neutral pH and low salinity conditions. Major fatty acids present included summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of the single chromosome was 55.14 mol% as determined by complete genome sequencing. Due to its distinct genetic and physiological properties, strain Ca6T is proposed as a member of a novel genus and species within the family Rhodocyclaceae, for which the name Rugosibacter aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is Ca6T (=ATCC TSD-59T=DSM 103039T).
A Rare Case of a Benign Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lung

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) constitute a small proportion of primary respiratory system neoplasms. Benign SGT comprises pleomorphic adenoma and is exceedingly rare in the lungs. We hereby present a rare case of a benign primary pleomorphic adenoma of the lung. The histological pattern of the tumor was indistinguishable from the head and neck SGT counterparts and showed biphasic morphology. Malignant features were not observed and a metastatic SGT was ruled out. Although little is known about the clinical progression of these rare tumors, surgical resection and interval surveillance remains the treatment of choice.
Internet, Small Businesses and Economic Activity

This study presents a simple version of the Dixit-Stiglitz model to investigate the link between internet and small businesses. It aims to contribute to the literature in three ways. First, different from most related studies, a general equilibrium framework is used. Thus, the effects of internet on small businesses and on the economy, which in turn affects small business, are analyzed. Second, following current discussion in the literature, the model distinguishes between “innovative” and “replicative” entrepreneurship. Third, it emphasizes a different channel through which internet may contribute to economic growth. By raising the proportion of the population engaged in innovative entrepreneurship, internet increases real income and welfare.
Iterative Methods for Parallel—Multirate Estimation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce, study, and partially develop new iterative methods for parallel processing in estimation of large systems. The methods are imitations of the classical Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iterative methods for solving linear algebraic equations, but otherwise use entirely different concepts and techniques. One of the main motivations for this new development has been the fact that the resulting algorithms are suitable for implementation on multiple processor systems with all the advantages that such systems offer in off-line and especially on-line computations, such as cost, availability, response time, and program modularity. Equally important is the fact that the sampling rates for different parts of the system can be chosen freely to match the dynamics of each individual subsystem, which provides a basis for building efficient multirate schemes for parallel estimation.
Uranyl-Glutardiamidoxime Binding from First-Principles Molecular Dynamics, Classical Molecular Dynamics, and Free-Energy Simulations.

Exploring the structural interplay of ligands with uranyl can provide important knowledge for technology advances in uranium extraction from seawater. However, obtaining such chemical information is not an easy endeavor experimentally. From a plethora of computational methods, this work provides both microscopic insights and free-energy profiles of the binding between uranyl and deprotonated glutardiamidoxime (H2B) for which experimental structural information is not available, despite H2B being an important model ligand with an open-chain conformation for understanding aqueous uranium extraction chemistry. In our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explicitly accounted for the water solvent as well as the Na+ and Cl– ions. We found that hydrogen bonding plays a critical role in dictating the binding configurations of B2– and HB– with uranyl. Simulated free energies of sequential ligand binding to form UO2B, [UO2B2]2–, and [UO2(HB)B]− show very good agreement with the experimental values, lending supp...
Live demonstration: Behaving cyborg locusts for standoff chemical sensing

Prior to the demonstration, several locusts will be trained on a target odor (eg. Hexanol), according to the protocol described in the appended paper. The demonstration setup (Fig 1) consists of a trained locust (free or restrained) enclosed in a transparent enclosure, an odor delivery system and a palp tracking system. The odor delivery system contains an air pump with two outputs. One of the outputs (main line) goes directly to the locust through a filter. This tube helps in maintaining a constant flow rate over the duration of the experiment. The other output passes through an odor bottle and joins the main tube. The flow through this tube is controlled by a solenoid valve that is operated by the demonstrator. The odor bottles will contain either hexanol (target odor) or benzaldehyde (control). Entire setup occupies less than 3 feet by 2 feet and requires one power outlet for driving the pump.
Contributions of Lifespan Psychology to the Future Elaboration of Developmental Systems Theory

Developmental systems theories stress that, across the human life span, development involves the integration, or “fusion,” of changing relations among the multiple levels of organization that comprise the ecology of human life. These levels range from biology through culture and history. Indeed, the embeddedness of all levels within history provides a temporal component to human development; makes the potential for change a defining feature of human development; and as such assures that relative plasticity (i.e., the potential for systematic change across ontogeny) characterizes development across the human life span. Moreover, within this developmental system changes are interdependent. For instance, changes within one level of organization, e.g., developmental changes in personality or cognition within the individual, are reciprocally related to developmental changes within other levels, e.g., involving changes in caregiving patterns or spousal relationships within the familial level of organization. In turn, the reciprocal changes among levels of organization are both products and producers of the reciprocal changes within levels. These interrelations illustrate the need for integrated, multidisciplinary study across the life span of changes within and among the multiple levels of organization comprising the ecology of human life. The essence of such scholarship involves the conceptualization and investigation of the mutual regulation of change between person and context or, in other words, of the regulation of relations, of how structures function and how functions are structured over time. The lifespan model of this regulatory relational architecture—the model of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC)—is thus an exemplary theoretical frame within which to study the human developmental system.
Delirium and topographical disorientation associated with glioblastoma multiforme tumour progression into the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus

Since there is no cure for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the goal of treatment becomes prolonging the survival through cytoreduction while minimising neurological deficits. In this case report, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) was used once the tumour progressed into the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. One year after temporal lobectomy, disorders of memory, emotion, personality and navigation, likely related to limbic system involvement along with hallucinations and fluctuating cognition occurred as the tumour progressed. After ablation of the posterior cingulum, worsening of topographical disorientation was observed. Per literature review, delirium has been noted in patients with strokes involving the right-sided temporo-parieto-occipital junction, and topographical disorientation has been associated with lesions of the right posterior cingulum. Alternative causes of these deficits were ruled out, leaving structural changes as the primary explanation. This is the first report of the neurological deficits associated with tumour progression and vasogenic oedema in this region.
Interaction effects may actually be nonlinear effects in disguise: A review of the problem and potential solutions

It is common in addictions research for statistical analyses to include interaction effects to test moderation hypotheses. Far less commonly do researchers consider the possibility that a given predictor may exert a nonlinear effect on the outcome. This lack of attention to the possible nonlinear effects of individual predictors is problematic because it may result in identification of entirely spurious interactions with other, correlated predictors. Given the commonplace practice of testing interactions, and the rarity of testing nonlinear effects, we speculate that some of the significant interactions reported in the literature may actually be spurious, reflecting only the misspecification of nonlinear effects. We outline the mathematical reasons for this problem using the relatively simple case of a quadratic regression model. Within this context, prior research by Busemeyer and Jones (1983) clearly demonstrated that quadratic effects of individual predictors can masquerade as interaction effects between correlated predictors. Furthermore, the explosive growth of mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses in behavioral research makes this issue especially relevant for researchers of addiction. In this article, we (1) call further attention to the potential problems of omitting nonlinear effects in linear regression, (2) extend these findings to the more complex moderated mediation model, and (3) provide practical recommendations for applied researchers for differentiating nonlinear from interactive effects.
Metaheuristic Search Algorithms for Oil Spill Detection Using SAR Images

In this research, we provide an image processing methodology based meta-heuristic search algorithm to perform segmentation-based clustering on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) oil spill images. The proposed process will help to detect oil spills using SAR images and estimate the amount of oil spilled in a region. A sample image is evaluated using three different meta-heuristic search algorithms including Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to determine the oil spill region; the results of the three algorithms are then compared. The three algorithms are used to determine the optimal cluster centers for three clusters (water, oil, and a mix of water and oil). The main advantage of this proposed method is its accuracy in determining the optimal cluster centers, which enhances oil spill detection in an area.
FRI0225 Electronic consultation utility in the management of gout

Background Gout is the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis in adults worldwide. Although it can be managed by primary care physicians (PCPs), complex cases often require rheumatology consultation. The average wait time for an initial rheumatology clinic visit varies from 38 days to 47 weeks after diagnosis. Utilising electronic consults (E-consults) allows for a swift two-way communication between referring and rheumatology physicians (pre-consult exchange). Rheumatologists can then triage patients to electronic management versus face-to-face rheumatological evaluation to provide timely insight to improve patient care. Objectives To analyse the effectiveness of gout management via E-consult compared to PCP or rheumatology management at the Veteran’s Affairs Medical Centre in Long Beach (VALB), CA, USA. Methods A retrospective study of 171 VALB gout patients from 2009 to 2014 was constructed. Patients were placed into groups based on modes of management: PCP (n=48), direct rheumatology (n=67), or E-consult management (n=56). Electronic medical records were reviewed for a 24 month period from the first gout flare or E-consult date. The read-out for management effectiveness included change in frequency of gout flares, related emergency department (ED) and PCP visits, renal function (creatinine clearance, CrCl), and serum uric acid levels (sUA). Results Of the 56 E-consults, 43 cases were resolved electronically and 13 were converted to face-to-face rheumatology visits. The wait time for recommendations from E-consults was 2.1±4.6 days, and face-to-face rheumatology visits was 22.9±20.1 days after pre-consult exchange, vs 43.1±56.9 days for direct rheumatology consults. Both E-consult and rheumatology clinic patients had more gout attacks and related ED visits at baseline (p=0.08). They were also more likely to be treated with allopurinol, colchicine, febuxostat and corticosteroids than with NSAIDs alone (p Conclusions Gout management can be optimised when patients with uncontrolled disease are referred to rheumatology or E-consults within the first 12 months of active disease, and be transitioned to PCP management thereafter if disease is stable. E-consult serves as a reasonable alternative in managing gout with a shorter wait time for recommendations and rheumatology appointments. E- consults are an efficient means to address straight-forward clinical questions from PCPs, to expedite referrals to the rheumatology clinic. References [1] Zhang W, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR 1.Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(10):1312–24. [2] Widdifield Jet al. Wait times to rheumatology care for patients with rheumatic diseases: a data linkage study of primary care electronic medical records and administrative data. CMAJ Open. 2016;4(2):E205–12. Disclosure of Interest: None declared
A HYBRID PROTEIN OF MONOCLONAL ANTI-THY 1.2 AND DIPHTHERIA TOXIN FRAGMENT A: SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY

In order to study the mechanisms involved in the receptormediated interaction of cell surface components with effector proteins and their subsequent uptake or internalization, a disulfide linked hybrid of monoclonal anti-mouse Thy-1.2 and fragment A of diphtheria toxin was synthesized and used to specifically inhibit mouse T-cell function. The immunotoxin was prepared by coupling cystaminyl-anti Thy 1.2 with reduced fragment A under conditions maximizing disulfide interchange. The desired immunotoxin, obtained in nearly 20% yield based on input of anti-Thy 1.2, was purified by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and affinity chromotography on NAD-Sepharose. Low concentrations (0.1-.2 ng/ml) of purified immunotoxin were active in inhibiting the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of thymidine incorporation by the Thy-1.2 containing population of mouse spleen cells (T- cells). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the B-cell population was unaffected. It is concluded that the disulfied linked immunotoxin may act as a functional analog of diphtheria toxin, but whose cell type specificity is conferred by the disulfied linked anti-Thy-1.2 antibody. Thus, hybrid molecules of this type may offer a new unique class of reagents with specificity towards a defined subset of target cells.
Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) by Escherichia coli expressing mutated and chimeric PHA synthase genes

Pseudomonas resinovorans phaC1Pre and phaC2Pre genes coding for poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) synthases were cloned by PCR and expressed in E. coli LS1298 (fadB). Repeat-unit composition analysis showed that β-hydroxydecanoate (67–75 mol%) and β-hydroxyoctanoate (25–33 mol%) are the major monomers of the PHA produced in cells grown on decanoate. Sequence analysis showed that the gene products of phaC1Pre and phaC2Pre had 61% identical (75% positive) amino-acid sequence matches, and both sequences contained a conserved α/β-hydrolase fold in the carboxy-terminal portion of the proteins. Switching the α/β-hydrolase folds of phaC1Pre and phaC2Pre yielded chimeric pha7 and pha8 genes that afforded PHA synthesis in E. coli LS1298. The repeat-unit compositions of PHA in cells containing pha7 and pha8 were similar to those found in transformants containing the parental genes. Deletion mutants of phaC1Pre and phaC2Pre that resulted in potential translational fusions also supported PHA synthesis with similar repeat-unit compositions. Chimeric genes obtained from the switching of fragments containing the α/β-hydrolase folds of phaC1Pre and Ralstonia eutropha phbC did not direct the synthesis of PHA in transformed cells.
The small molecule nitazoxanide selectively disrupts BAM-mediated folding of the outer membrane usher protein.

Bacterial pathogens assemble adhesive surface structures termed pili or fimbriae to initiate and sustain infection of host tissues. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections, expresses type 1 and P pili required for colonization of the bladder and kidney, respectively. These pili are assembled by the conserved chaperone–usher (CU) pathway, in which a periplasmic chaperone works together with an outer membrane (OM) usher protein to build and secrete the pilus fiber. Previously, we found that the small molecule and antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) inhibits CU pathway–mediated pilus biogenesis in E. coli by specifically interfering with proper maturation of the usher protein in the OM. The usher is folded and inserted into the OM by the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex, which in E. coli comprises five proteins, BamA–E. Here, we show that sensitivity of the usher to NTZ is modulated by BAM expression levels and requires the BamB and BamE lipoproteins. Furthermore, a genetic screen for NTZ-resistant bacterial mutants isolated a mutation in the essential BamD lipoprotein. These findings suggest that NTZ selectively interferes with an usher-specific arm of the BAM complex, revealing new details of the usher folding pathway and BAM complex function. Evaluation of a set of NTZ derivatives identified compounds with increased potency and disclosed that NTZ's nitrothiazole ring is critical for usher inhibition. In summary, our findings indicate highly specific effects of NTZ on the usher folding pathway and have uncovered NTZ analogs that specifically decrease usher levels in the OM.
Ankle range of motion in soccer players

Ankle range of motion (ROM) is an important attribute for soccer players. While a broad ankle ROM may be beneficial to skilled ball manipulation, the ability to narrowly control ROM may reduce inju...
Mitochondrial DNA Mutation, Diseases, and Nutrient-Regulated Mitophagy

A wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders, have been shown to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction through multiple molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to nutrient deficiencies, and nutritional intervention is an essential way to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation and next-generation sequencing reveal the crucial roles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various pathophysiological conditions. Mitophagy, a term coined to describe autophagy that targets dysfunctional mitochondria, has emerged as an important cellular process to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and has been shown to be regulated by various nutrients and nutritional stresses. Given the high prevalence of mtDNA mutations in humans and their impact on mitochondrial function, it is important to investigate the mechanisms that regulate mtDNA mutation. Here, we discuss mitochondrial genetics and mtDNA mutations and their implications for human diseases. We also examine the role of mitophagy as a therapeutic target, highlighting how nutrients may eliminate mtDNA mutations through mitophagy.
Testing general relativity at the quantum level

It is shown that the effect of a gravitational field on a hydrogen atom is to admix states of opposite parity such as 2S 1/2 and 2P 1/2 The phase of this admixture is such as to produce circular polarization of the radiation emitted in transltions such as 2S 1/2→1S 1/2+γ which arises from the interference between the gravity-induced amplitude and mat due to the weak neutral current. The predicted magnitude of the circular polarization, which could be sufficiently large to be detected in white dwarfs or in certain binary systems, varies from theory to theory. It is thus possible that a study of this effect could provide a feasible means of testing general relativity at the quantum level.
Feasibility of thoracoscopic attenuation of the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos shunts: A canine cadaveric study.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of thoracoscopic placement of three vascular attenuation devices by using the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos (PA) shunts and to describe the approach for thoracoscopic placement of these attenuation devices in small breed dogs. Study design Randomized, prospective, cadaveric study. Animals Cadavers of 10 adult small breed dogs. Methods Cadavers were placed in sternal recumbency with left dorsolateral obliquity, and three thoracoscopic ports were established in the right hemithorax at the mid-10th intercostal space and dorsal third of the ninth and 11th intercostal spaces. The caudal azygos vein was thoracoscopically isolated along three adjacent segments bordered by four intercostal arteries, beginning just cranial to the first intercostal artery visualized cranial to the diaphragm. Three attenuation devices including coated cellophane, uncoated cellophane, and a 5-mm ameroid constrictor were thoracoscopically placed around one segment in each dog. Minor port access modifications were required to improve working space and triangulation in three dogs. Ability to successfully place the device, time required for placement, endoscopic clip configuration, and complications associated with placement were recorded. Results Median dog weight was 7.7 kg (range, 1.8-11). All attenuation devices were successfully placed thoracoscopically in all cadavers. No difference was detected in time required for placement between the ameroid constrictor and coated and uncoated cellophane (range, 2.3-33.8 minutes, P = .8). Conclusion Ameroid constrictors and thin film bands were consistently placed via thoracoscopy around the caudal azygos vein of small breed dogs. Clinical significance These results justify further investigation of thoracoscopic PA shunt attenuation in affected dogs.
Auditory Corticothalamic Neurons are Recruited by Motor Preparatory Inputs

SUMMARY Optogenetic activation of Ntsr1+ layer 6 corticothalamic (L6 CT) neurons modulates thalamocortical sensory processing and perception for hundreds of milliseconds following laser offset. Naturally occurring sources of extrasensory inputs that could recruit L6 CTs prior to upcoming sensory stimuli have not been identified. Here, we found that 100% of L6 CTs in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) expressed FoxP2, a protein marker found in brain areas that coordinate sensory inputs with movement. To test the idea that motor preparatory inputs could be a natural extrasensory activator of L6 CTs, we combined quantitative videography, optogenetically targeted single unit recordings, and two-photon imaging during self-initiated behavior. We found that A1 L6 CTs were activated hundreds of milliseconds prior to orofacial movements, but not whole-body movements associated with locomotion. These findings identify new local circuit arrangements for routing motor corollary discharge into A1 and suggest new roles for CT neurons in active sensing.
Two-step fabrication technique of gold tips for use in point-contact spectroscopy

For a successful point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) measurement, metallic tips of proper shape and smoothness are essential to ensure the ballistic nature of a point-contact junction. Until recently, the fabrication of Au tips suitable for use in point-contact spectroscopy has remained more of an art involving a trial and error method rather than an automated scientific process. To address these issues, we have developed a technique with which one can prepare high quality Au tips reproducibly and systematically. It involves an electronic control of the driving voltages used for an electrochemical etching of a gold wire in a HCl-glycerol mixture or a HCl solution. We find that a stopping current, below which the circuit is set to shut off, is a single very important parameter to produce an Au tip of desired shape. We present detailed descriptions for a two-step etching process for Au tips and also test results from PCS measurements using them.
Using human centered design to identify opportunities for reducing inequities in perinatal care.

Extreme disparities in access, experience, and outcomes highlight the need to transform how pregnancy care is designed and delivered in the United States, especially for low-income individuals and people of color. We used human-centered design (HCD) to understand the challenges facing Medicaid-insured pregnant people and design interventions to address these challenges. The HCD method has three phases: Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation. This study focused on the first and second. In the Inspiration phase we conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of stakeholders who had either received or participated in the care of Medicaid-insured pregnant people within our community, with a specific emphasis on representation from marginalized communities. Using a general inductive approach to thematic analysis, we identified themes, which were then framed into design opportunities. In the Ideation phase, we conducted structured brainstorming sessions to generate potential prototypes of solutions, which were tested and iterated upon through a series of community events and engagement with a diverse community advisory group. We engaged a total of 171 stakeholders across both phases of the HCD methodology. In the Inspiration phase, interviews with 23 community members and an eight-person focus group revealed seven insights centered around two main themes: (1) racism and discrimination create major barriers to access, experience, and the ability to deliver high-value pregnancy care; (2) pregnancy care is overmedicalized and does not treat the pregnant person as an equal and informed partner. In the Ideation phase, 162 ideas were produced and translated into eight solution prototypes. Community scoring and feedback events with 140 stakeholders led to the progressive refinement and selection of three final prototypes: (1) implementing telemedicine (video visits) within the safety-net system, (2) integrating community-based peer support workers into healthcare teams, and (3) delivering co-located pregnancy-related care and services into high-need neighborhoods as a one-stop shop. Using HCD methodology and a collaborative community-health system approach, we identified gaps, opportunities, and solutions to address perinatal care inequities within our urban community. Given the urgent need for implementable and effective solutions, the design process was particularly well-suited because it focuses on understanding and centering the needs and values of stakeholders, is multi-disciplinary through all phases, and results in prototyping and iteration of real-world solutions.
Sensemaking and Disaster Forensics: An Examination of Cholera Epidemics

Cholera remains a public health issue in regions around the world. ‘The epidemiology of cholera in the areas of Asia, Africa and the Americas where the disease occurs, continues to evolve’ (Deen et al. in Vaccine 38:A31–A40, 2020 [1]). In managing public health crisis stemming from Cholera outbreaks, epidemiological data are crucial for decision-making pertaining to tactical and strategic interventions. Sensemaking as a process is key in surveillance, modeling, weak signal detection, mapping of high-incidence areas and design of intervention strategies across the spectrum of disaster management (mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery). Weick (Weick in Sensemaking in organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1995 [2]) refers to sensemaking in terms of ‘…how we structure the unknown so as to be able to act in it. Sensemaking involves coming up with a plausible understanding—a map—of a shifting world; testing this map with others through data collection, action, and conversation; and then refining, or abandoning, the map depending on how credible it is’ (Ancona in Handbook of teaching leadership. Sage Publications Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 3–20, 2011 [3]). Public health disaster events require leaders and planners to engage in making sense of the impact and inherent vulnerabilities. As articulated in (Nowling et al. in J Appl Commun Res, 2020 [4], ‘they scan their environments for cues of changes and operational threats. After identifying the threat or change, they communicate and work collaboratively to determine the most plausible meaning of these cues (Weick in Admin Soc 38(4):628–652, 1993 [5])’. This chapter explores Cholera epidemics and the critical role sensemaking places in both tactical and strategic interventions. Systems thinking plays a key role in the sensemaking process and approach and is central to the discussion.