cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment utility of universal screening for behavioral risk: a manipulated assessment study

ABSTRACTIn recent years, schools have started implementing preventive practices such as universal screening. Yet, researchers have not evaluated the extent to which universal screening contributes to academic and behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment utility of universal screening for behavioral risk. Student participants were randomly assigned to two groups, corresponding to a different method of identification (office discipline referrals and universal screening). Participants identified as at risk, based on their office discipline referral data or universal screening data, and selected for intervention, received a Tier 2 intervention. Data were analyzed using a fixed-effects regression model. Analyses identified no statistically significantly differences between the two groups with regard to various academic and behavioral outcomes, suggesting universal screening did not contribute to changes in student functioning.
Indoor localization through trajectory tracking using neural networks

Currently deployed wireless and cellular positioning techniques are optimized for outdoor operation and cannot provide highly accurate location information in indoor environments. Meanwhile, new applications and services for mobile devices, including the recent Enhanced 911 (E911), require accurate indoor location information up to the room/suite level. In this work, a new system for improving indoor localization of mobile users is presented by exploiting trajectory tracking techniques using neural networks (NNs). The motion trajectories of indoor mobile users are tracked using conventional positioning algorithms, then a NN is applied to identify the current room location of a mobile user based on the tracked motion trajectory. Simulation results show that the trajectory-based NN is able to provide indoor location information at the room level with much higher accuracy in different scenarios, with an enhancement of up to 49% in correct room identification, as compared to positioning techniques based only on a single-point location estimate. In addition, miss-classification of the NN system will result in selecting one of the immediate neighboring rooms instead with at least 30% probability.
America’s policy thinking in the age of Trump

Abstract What is striking in Trumpian economics – supply-side economics too – is the omission of economic growth. There is no awareness that nations at the frontier need indigenous innovation to have ample growth. The take-offs into sustained growth in 19th century Britain and America were fueled by dynamism from the grassroots up. Moreover, this stunted economics has no room for the rewards from participating in the economy besides the market wage – for the satisfaction of succeeding at what one is doing, the sense of flourishing as one’s career unfolds, and the thrill of venturing into the unknown.
Sclerostin Deficiency Alters Peripheral B Lymphocyte Responses in Mice

Abstract Understanding how changes in bone physiology and homeostasis affect immune responses will inform how to retain strong immunity in patients with bone disease and in aged individuals. We previously identified sclerostin (Sost) as a mediator of cell communication between the skeletal and the immune system. Elevated bone mineral density in Sost-knockout (Sost-/-) mice contributes to an altered bone marrow microenvironment and adversely affects B cell development. B cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow and mature in peripheral lymphoid organs to produce antibodies in response to infection and/or vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether the aberrant B cell development observed in the bone marrow of Sost-/- mice extends to peripheral B cells in the spleen during immune challenge, and if these changes were age-dependent. Concomitant with more severe changes in bone architecture, B cell development in the bone marrow and in the spleen worsened with age in Sost-/- mice. B cell responses to T-independent antigens were enhanced in young Sost-/- mice, whereas responses to T-dependent antigens were impaired. Our results support the hypothesis that the adverse effects of B cell development in the Sost-deficient bone marrow microenvironment extends to the peripheral B cell immune response to protein antigens, and suggest that the B cell response to routine vaccinations should be monitored regularly in patients being treated with sclerostin antibody therapy. In addition, our results open the possibility that Sost regulates the T-independent B cell response, which might be applicable to the improvement of vaccines towards non-protein antigens.
Food and Social Change

A major preoccupation of social scientists and historians is the explanation of the large scale, lasting changes that societies undergo over time. This interest has led to debates over explanans (what it is to be explained), causes, directional trends, and the role of human agency in change. Ideational and materialist camps point to values, technology, scarcity, economic forces, or exploitation as “engines” of change and identify changes in levels of living, culture, technology, resource redistribution, or social and other forms of complexity as outcomes.
Adaptive Grids for Semiconductor Modelling

A class of adaptive grid procedures for finite element computations is described and applied to representative problems of interest in semiconductor process and device simulation. The procedures permit accurate realization of steep layers in the solution that frequently arise in these applications. Both two- and three-dimensional formulations are considered together with the associated quad-tree and oct-tree data structures. An element-by-element gradient iterative scheme proves particularly effective in the context of the adaptive refinement process.
Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay and Two Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of IgM-Class Antibodies to Zika Virus

There are currently five serologic assays available for detection of anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) IgM-class antibodies with United States Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Among these are the Chembio DDP Zika IgM system (Chembio DPP Zika ICA; Medford, NY), a rapid immunochromatographic assay (ICA), and the InBios ZIKV Detect ™ 2.0 IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (InBios ZIKV 2.0 MAC-ELISA; Seattle, WA), which has replaced the original InBios ZIKV Detect ™ MAC-ELISA. We evaluated performance of these three serologic assays using 72 specimens characterized by plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) for the presence or absence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV). The InBios ZIKV 2.0 MAC-ELISA was ‘presumptive Zika positive’ in all 15 PRNT-confirmed ZIKV samples, while the Chembio DPP Zika ICA was non-reactive in three (20%) and the InBios ZIKV MAC-ELISA was negative in four (27%). The Chembio DPP Zika ICA and InBios ZIKV 2.0 MAC-ELISA showed over 95% specificity in 22 ZIKV/DENV seronegative specimens and in 13 samples positive for NAbs to non-ZIKV flaviviruses. Comparatively, the InBios ZIKV MAC-ELISA was ‘presumptive’ or ‘possible Zika positive’ in eight of 12 WNV or DENV PRNT positive samples and in 12 of 22 PRNT seronegative sera. Our findings suggest that replacement of the InBios ZIKV MAC-ELISA with the InBios ZIKV 2.0 MAC-ELISA will lead to fewer samples requiring PRNT, minimizing unnecessary anxiety among patients ultimately seronegative for ZIKV and DENV by PRNT, and alleviating some of the testing burden on laboratories performing PRNT.
Informal Dance Intervention Improves BMI and Functional Gait in an Adolescent With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report.

PURPOSE This case study examined the effects of incorporating Informal Dance Intervention into traditional therapy sessions on body mass index and functional walking in an adolescent girl with cerebral palsy. CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-year-old adolescent girl, Gross Motor Function Classification System Level II, participated in Informal Dance Intervention twice weekly in 2, 16 session phases. Sixty-minute sessions focused on waltzing, contra dancing, square dancing, and belly dancing to improve timing, endurance, vestibular functioning, and core strength. CONCLUSIONS Waist circumference decreased, walking speed increased on the 6-Minute Walk Test and Timed Up and Down Stairs, balance confidence increased per the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and vestibular functioning improved per changes in the Functional Gait Assessment. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Incorporating Informal Dance Intervention, in conjunction with therapy, may be motivating and improve overall health for adolescents with cerebral palsy to combat their tendency of increased sedentary lifestyle.
Monte Carlo Study of Electronic Transport in Monolayer InSe

The absence of a band gap in graphene makes it of minor interest for field-effect transistors. Layered metal chalcogenides have shown great potential in device applications thanks to their wide bandgap and high carrier mobility. Interestingly, in the ever-growing library of two-dimensional (2D) materials, monolayer InSe appears as one of the new promising candidates, although still in the initial stage of theoretical studies. Here, we present a theoretical study of this material using density functional theory (DFT) to determine the electronic band structure as well as the phonon spectrum and electron-phonon matrix elements. The electron-phonon scattering rates are obtained using Fermi’s Golden Rule and are used in a full-band Monte Carlo computer program to solve the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to evaluate the intrinsic low-field mobility and velocity-field characteristic. The electron-phonon matrix elements, accounting for both long- and short-range interactions, are considered to study the contributions of different scattering mechanisms. Since monolayer InSe is a polar piezoelectric material, scattering with optical phonons is dominated by the long-range interaction with longitudinal optical (LO) phonons while scattering with acoustic phonons is dominated by piezoelectric scattering with the longitudinal (LA) branch at room temperature (T = 300 K) due to a lack of a center of inversion symmetry in monolayer InSe. The low-field electron mobility, calculated considering all electron-phonon interactions, is found to be 110 cm2V−1s−1, whereas values of 188 cm2V−1s−1 and 365 cm2V−1s−1 are obtained considering the long-range and short-range interactions separately. Therefore, the calculated electron mobility of monolayer InSe seems to be competitive with other previously studied 2D materials and the piezoelectric properties of monolayer InSe make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications in next generation nanoelectronics.
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Time Spent with Children in the U.S.: Variations by Race/Ethnicity Within Income from 2003 to 2013

Using data from the American Time Use Survey, we examine the empirically underexplored ways in which racial and ethnic identity shapes parental time use. Racial/ethnic differences emerge within income groups in terms of trends and trade-offs in time spent with children versus time spent in paid work and other activities. For fathers, trade-offs in paid work and time spent with children are qualitatively similar across income by race/ethnicity. However, our estimates suggest that low-income Hispanic fathers spent approximately 10 minutes less with their children for every hour in time spent in paid work, a substantively starker trade-off than that made by low income non-Hispanic fathers. For mothers, the lowest-income white mothers show the largest reductions in time spent with children for every hour spent in paid work. Increased time in paid work decreases the time spent on other (non-sleep) activities in a qualitatively similar manner for mothers and fathers by racial/ethnic group, across and within income groups.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. This commentary specifically addresses best ways to protect our hospitals against COVID-19.
Understanding the Complex Issues Related to Homeworkers in the Global Apparel Supply Chain

Homeworkers are workers that undertake work from a home-based location (their private residence) usually using their own resources (such as sewing equipment, electricity). In apparel export industry, homeworkers perform labor-intensive processes such as knotting, trimming, embroidery work. These labor-intensive processes are not mechanized. The homeworkers typically perform these labor-intensive tasks for a subcontractor and not directly for a manufacturer. The phenomenon of subcontracting work outside of the ordinary apparel manufacturing structure creates many informal jobs. These informal work arrangements put the workers in a disadvantageous position compared to the formalized labor arrangement. These informal work arrangements (or labor relations) give subcontractors an unfair advantage. Subcontractors using these workers on a temporary basis provides the subcontractor and manufacturer maximum flexibility, reduced costs and lower risks but lacks any guarantee of labor rights to the homeworkers. This study utilizes problem-based learning (PBL) to provide understanding of the topic and engages in learning through solving complex, real-world problems. The use of problem-based learning (PBL) helped to determine relevant solutions for the problems observed in the study.
Research reportPrefrontal granular cortex of the rhesus monkey. II. Interhemispheric cortical afferents

In 6 adolescent rhesus monkeys, unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into 6 regions on the convexity of the prefrontal granular cortex. The afferents to each zone were considered with respect to whether they were local afferents (from adjacent frontal areas) or distal afferents (from outside frontal lobe). The strongest input onto prefrontal granular cortex comes from the temporal lobe and especially areas in and around the superior temporal gyrus. Area 10 in the frontal pole region receives input primarily from area 22 in the superior temporal gyrus and dorsal portion of the superior temporal sulcus. That portion of area 46 above the principal sulcus receives input primarily from area 22 in the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus while area 46 below the principal sulcus has input from the insula of the superior temporal sulcus and area 21 in the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus. The cortex within the concavity of the acurate sulcus differs in that the dorsal half (including areas 46 and 8a) receives input primarily from the dorsal bank and to a lesser degree the insula of the superior temporal sulcus while the ventral portion of this region including areas 45 and 46 receives input primarily from the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus, inferior temporal gyrus and insula of the superior temporal sulcus. Input was noted from cingulate areas 23 and 24 to all 6 injected regions while retrosplenial cortex was noted to project to all but one of the injected regions, i.e. area 10. In addition, some labeled neurons were seen in area 7 after injections into area 46 and some were also seen in the inferior temporal gyrus and parahippocampal region after injections into the arcuate region. Finally, labeled neurons were noted in area 19 after injections into the ventral portion of the prefrontal granular cortex bounded by the arcuate sulcus. The HRP-positive neurons that comprised the intrahemispheric cortical afferents to prefrontal granular cortex were located primarily in layer iii. They were pyramidal in shape and ranged in size from small to medium. These neurons were found to be distributed in a horizontal band in which the number of labeled neurons waxed and waned, or they were distributed in a patchy or clumped manner. The possibility that both patterns of distribution represent a vertical or columnar organization to these afferent neurons is discussed.
Real-Time Attack-Recovery for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Linear Approximations

Attack detection and recovery are fundamental elements for the operation of safe and resilient cyber-physical systems. Most of the literature focuses on attack-detection, while leaving attack-recovery as an open problem. In this paper, we propose novel attack-recovery control for securing cyber-physical systems. Our recovery control consists of new concepts required for a safe response to attacks, which includes the removal of poisoned data, the estimation of the current state, a prediction of the reachable states, and the online design of a new controller to recover the system. The synthesis of such recovery controllers for cyber-physical systems has barely investigated so far. To fill this void, we present a formal method-based approach to online compute a recovery control sequence that steers a system under an ongoing sensor attack from the current state to a target state such that no unsafe state is reachable on the way. The method solves a reach-avoid problem on a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) model with the consideration of an error bound e ≥ 0. The obtained recovery control is guaranteed to work on the original system if the behavioral difference between the LTI model and the system’s plant dynamics is not larger than e. Since a recovery control should be obtained and applied at the runtime of the system, in order to keep its computational time cost as low as possible, our approach firstly builds a linear programming restriction with the accordingly constrained safety and target specifications for the given reach-avoid problem, and then uses a linear programming solver to find a solution. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we provide (a) the comparison to the previous work over 5 system models under 3 sensor attack scenarios: modification, delay, and reply; (b) a scalability analysis based on a scalable model to evaluate the performance of our method on large-scale systems.
The Use of Mobile Messaging for Telecommunications with Patients in Ophthalmology: A Systematic Review

Background: Communication and concordance between patients and providers are crucial for improved outcomes and disease prevention. Mobile health strategies have been shown to improve patient access...
The Star Degree Centrality Problem: A Decomposition Approach

We consider the problem of identifying the induced star with the largest cardinality open neighborhood in a graph. This problem, also known as the star degree centrality (SDC) problem, is shown to ...
Electric Power Distribution Handbook

Of the ...big three... components of the electricity infrastructure, distribution typically gets the least attention, and no thorough, up-to-date treatment of the subject has been published in years. Filling that void, the Electric Power Distribution Handbook provides comprehensive information on the electrical aspects of power distribution systems. It is an unparalleled source for the background information, hard-to-find tables, graphs, methods, and statistics that power engineers need, and includes tips and solutions for problem solving and improving performance. In short, this handbook gives readers the tools they need to understand the science and practices of distribution systems.
NEW STATE-OF-THE-ART IN ENGINE CONTROLS

Engine control systems are changing rapidly under the combined pressures of emission, fuel economy, and marketing requirements. As electronic controls become more readily available and less expensive, new possibilities arise in total vehicle control system choices. An experimental electronic engine control system is described which achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and speed of response. Vehicle data are presented which demonstrate the vehicle impact of such a control system.
Utilization of Steel Roads as AE Waveguides

The matter of soil covering a steel rod, and of its influence on the wave carrying capability of the rod itself, is addressed. It is found the attenuation values of a soil covered steel rod are intermediate to that of the soil or the steel rod acting alone. It is recommended that steel rod waveguides can be used for monitoring of soil structures.
Spectroscopy of candidate members of the η chamaeleontis and MBM 12 young associations

We present an analysis of candidate members of the η Cha and MBM 12A young associations. For an area of 0.7 deg2 toward η Cha, we have performed a search for members of the association by combining JHKs photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey and i photometry from DENIS with follow-up optical spectroscopy at Magellan Observatory. We report the discovery of three new members with spectral types of M5.25-M5.75, corresponding to masses of 0.13-0.08 M☉ by theoretical evolutionary models. Two and three of these members were found independently by Lyo and coworkers and Song and coworkers, respectively. Meanwhile, no brown dwarfs were detected in η Cha down to the completeness limit of 0.015 M☉. For MBM 12A, we have obtained spectra of three of the remaining candidate members that lacked spectroscopy at the end of the survey by Luhman, all of which are found to be field M dwarfs. Ogura and coworkers have recently presented four "probable" members of MBM 12A. However, two of these objects were previously classified as field dwarfs by the spectroscopy of Luhman. In this work, we find that the other two objects are field dwarfs as well.
Spin networks, quantum topology and quantum computation

We review the q-deformed spin network approach to Topological Quantum Field Theory and apply these methods to produce unitary representations of the braid groups that are dense in the unitary groups. The results are applied to the quantum computation of colored Jones polynomials.
Electron Transport Systems of the Chemoautotroph Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans II. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A HEAT-LABILE IRON-CYTOCHROME c REDUCTASE

Abstract A heat-labile iron-cytochrome c reductase was isolated from Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans by sonic oscillation of the cells at pH 5.5 in the presence of protamine sulfate and purified 20-fold with 10% recovery by successive fractionation of the high speed (144,000 x g) supernatant solution with ammonium sulfate and Sephadex G-200. The enzyme displayed a pH optimum of 5.7 to 6.2 and typical substrate saturation curves with a Km of 2.75 x 10-5 m for cytochrome c and 1.6 x 10-3 m for FeSO4·7H2O. The protein nature of the catalyst was established by its protein content and susceptibility to the proteolytic action of Pronase and to heat. Exposure for 1 min at 100° was sufficient to destroy the activity completely. The most highly purified fraction of iron-cytochrome c reductase contained cytochrome c and apparently nonfunctional cytochrome b. Enzymatic activity, proportional to protein concentration and linear with time, was inhibited by reduced glutathione, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and cysteine, but not by atebrin, Amytal, or antimycin A. The inhibition by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate could be entirely reversed by equivalent concentrations of reduced glutathione or cysteine. Reduced cytochrome c, ferric ions, and several other metal ions also inhibited the reductase activity. The close association of the enzyme with the iron oxidase activity of F. ferrooxidans was partially shown by the generally parallel distribution of the two activities in the various fractions resulting from Sephadex treatment and from differential centrifugation. Various attempts to separate the iron oxidase and cytochrome c reductase activities from one another in the less purified fractions were unsuccessful leading to destruction of either both activities or the iron oxidase activity. The most highly purified iron-cytochrome c reductase fraction (F5) possessed no iron oxidase activity and contained a factor that stimulated less purified fractions several-fold in both their cytochrome c oxidase and iron oxidase activities but not in their iron-cytochrome c reductase activity.
The Effects of Peer-Controlled or Moderated Online Collaboration on Group Problem Solving and Related Attitudes

Abstract. This study investigated the relative benefits of peer-controlled and moderated online collaboration during group problem solving. Thirty-five self-selected groups of four or five students were randomly assigned to the two conditions, which used the same online collaborative tool to solve twelve problem scenarios in an undergraduate statistics course. A score for the correctness of the solutions and a reasoning score were analyzed. A survey was administered to reveal differences in students' related attitudes. Three conclusions were reached: 1. Groups assigned to moderated forums displayed significantly higher reasoning scores than those in the peer-controlled condition, but the moderation did not affect correctness of solutions. 2. Students in the moderated forums reported being more likely to choose to use an optional online forum for future collaborations. 3. Students who reported having no difficulty during collaboration reported being more likely to choose to use an optional online forum in the future.
Adjusting Experimental Data: Models Versus Design

Randomization in experiments allows researchers to assume that the treatment and control groups are balanced with respect to all characteristics except the treatment. As such, treatment e ects can be estimated with a simple di erence of means-no other covariates are necessary. Still, analysts often adjust using experimental data for additional covariates with statistical models. In this paper, we address the issue of adjustment with experimental data. First, we outline the motivations for adjustment of experimental. We then review design based and analytic strategies for addressing these underlying motivations. We o er a comparison of the most common method of adjustment|the standard least squares regression to estimate an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model|to two methods of statistical adjustment that avoid ANCOVA's strong functional form assumption: Rosenbaum's method of covariate adjustment and matching. For all methods of adjustment, we outline a design and analytic strategy that maximizes transparency and illuminates whether inferences are adjustment dependent. Finally, we evaluate these methods of adjustment and demonstrate our design strategy with an original experiment on racial priming.
Personal Connections in the Digital Age, by Baym, N. K.

Scholars of emerging technologies and new media have the tendency to approach their subject matter using a binary: Is Facebook/Twitter/etc. good or bad? In contrast, Baym's latest offering provides...
Microbunching and beam break-up in DUV-FEL accelerator

We present the results of electron beam longitudinal modulation studies in the DUV-FEL accelerator. For bunch length determination we used the "zero-phasing" method, based on a measurement of the chirped electron bunch energy spectra. The measurements revealed a spiky structure in the longitudinal phase space. A model based on space charge effect is considered to explain of the obtained phenomena. The analysis of the energy spectra has shown a sensitivity of the structure to the electron beam peak current, energy and longitudinal non-uniformity of the RF gun drive laser. Analytical calculations have demonstrated a qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Several experiments have been made to compare with theory; measured results are reviewed in this paper. The obtained effect is briefly discussed in relation to high brightness accelerators.
Does Mentoring Matter in the Mental Health Field

This study explores the presence of mentoring relationships among a sample of 56 mental health professionals in a large county mental health agency. Participants completed the Alleman Mentoring Scales Questionnaire in an online survey. Individuals involved in mentoring relationships experienced more career and psychological enhancing functions in the work place than those who were not in mentoring relationships. Mentoring relationships predicted career and personal development of mental health professionals. Recommendations include incorporating mentoring programs in mental health agencies in order to increase social workers' competence in their jobs.
Acoustical resonance analysis of airway structure

Differences in the spectrum of reflected sound for mechanical airways models of different structure are examined. Two mechanical lung models were designed and built for this study. The first used a silicon lung model, the Zavala lung. The second model consisted of a rigid plastic Y-piece connection with the stem forming the trachea and the two branches, the major bronchi. Comparison of spectra for 100-4000 Hz for the two models showed similarities in the locations of the resonant peaks between 300 and 2000 Hz. The spectra for frequencies above 2500 Hz were very different. The Zavala model spectra display multiple peaks between 2500 and 4000 Hz. In contrast, the simple model showed no significant power above 2500 Hz. This result indicates that spectra analysis of the reflected sound can be used to identify the presence of the smaller airways in the Zavala model. >
Atmosphere and Ocean Impacts on Recent Western Arctic Summer Sea Ice Melt

Summer sea ice in the western Arctic, specifically in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, has been rapidly declining during the last several decades. Annual minima in six recent Septembers (2007–2012) have witnessed the lowest western Arctic sea ice extents of the modern satellite era. The western Arctic summer sea ice has become less extensive amidst a fundamental transition from once widely prevalent and thick multi-year ice to a thinner and readily melted first-year ice cover. Questions remain for the Arctic climate research community involving the combination of factors that may be forcing these negative sea ice trends, particularly as current understanding of these complex ice–climate interactions evolves. Interannual variations of atmospheric pressure systems such as the Beaufort Sea High help determine the overlying wind direction and strength as well as the severity of summer ice cover. Atmospheric circulation teleconnections are important in sea ice variability but the role of some, such as the Arctic Oscillation, may in fact have changed as the western Arctic transitioned to a thinner ice cover. Reductions in summer sea ice extent became noticeable from 1998 onward and can be partly attributed to oceanic warming in the northern Pacific across the Bering Strait into the western Arctic. Warming of the northern Atlantic has had dramatic impacts in the Eurasian Arctic but a viable physical mechanism by which it can produce western Arctic ice melt is not yet established. Arctic warming induced by forcing from greenhouse gases is estimated to rival the impact of atmospheric teleconnections and helps produce the “Arctic amplification” of air temperatures that enhances summer sea ice melt. Late summer open water may in turn be altering the atmospheric circulation, weather and climate of subsequent autumn and winter seasons throughout the middle latitudes.
Activation of the interferon‐α pathway identifies a subgroup of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with distinct serologic features and active disease

Objective Gene-expression studies have demonstrated increased expression of interferon (IFN)–inducible genes (IFIGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a predominant effect of type I IFN. This study examined the hypothesis that increased disease severity and activity, as well as distinct autoantibody specificities, characterize SLE patients with activation of the type I IFN pathway. Methods Freshly isolated PBMCs from 77 SLE patients, 22 disease controls, and 28 healthy donors were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction for 3 IFIGs that are preferentially induced by IFNα, and the data were used to derive IFNα scores for all individuals. Expression of IFIGs was significantly higher in SLE patients compared with disease controls or healthy donors. SLE patients with high and low IFNα scores were compared for clinical manifestations of disease, disease severity, disease activity, serologic features, and potential confounders, by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results SLE patients with a high IFNα score had a significantly higher prevalence of renal disease, a greater number of American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE, and a higher Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index (SDI) score than did SLE patients with low IFNα scores. Patients with high scores showed increased disease activity, as measured by lower C3 levels, hemoglobin levels, absolute lymphocyte counts, and albumin levels, and a higher anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) titer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score. The presence of antibodies specific for Ro, U1 RNP, Sm, and dsDNA, but not phospholipids, was significantly associated with a high IFNα score. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that renal disease, higher SDI scores, low complement levels, and presence of anti–RNA binding protein (RBP) autoantibodies were associated with a high IFNα score. Conclusion Activation of the IFNα pathway defines a subgroup of SLE patients whose condition is characterized by increased disease severity, including renal disease, increased disease activity, reflected in complement activation, and autoreactivity to RBP.
Electromyography of the human cheeks and lips

To clear up indecision and disparities in the literature of muscular functions in the cheek and lips, multichannel electromyography with fine-wire intramuscular electrodes was used in eight subjects. Both facial expressions and musical performance were investigated. Intersubject variations were common in the various muscles and intrasubject variation also appeared. The production of specific notes at specific volume on the trumpet or trombone did not depend on exact patterns of activity in the muscles of the lips and buccinator. Gentle puffing out of the cheek produces little or no activity in any muscle, but when this is done forcefully the orbicularis oris activity is marked. Buccinator can be kept deliberately relaxed or active during puffing. Smiling always produces buccinator activity as does forceful retraction of the corners of the mouth. Levator anguli oris activity always recruits concurrent buccinator activity but the reverse is not true.
Motivation needs of sampled Fortune-500 CEOs: relations to organization outcomes.

Motive scores (needs for Achievement, Affiliation, and Power) of the chief executive officers of the nation's 50 largest industrial firms were determined using content analysis of letters to stockholders contained in the firms' annual reports. The scoring method was a modification of the standard TAT scoring procedure. Results showed chat chief executive officers' high need Achievement was correlated with relative growth in sales, while high need Power was correlated with relative growth in profits. Effects of need Achievement and need Power also were examined for return on equity and return on sales. Implications are discussed.
Radiographic appearance of displaced lesser tuberosity osteotomy: a case series

Background Lesser tuberosity osteotomy has become a popular method of subscapularis management during total shoulder arthroplasty with high healing rates and reliable functional recovery. One major advantage of this technique is the ability to monitor healing using routing radiographs. Recognition of displacement of the lesser tuberosity may provide a unique opportunity for revision repair before the tuberosity becomes irreversibly retracted. Methods A series of four patients were identified with a displaced lesser tuberosity osteotomy following total shoulder arthroplasty. Radiographs from these patients were reviewed to identify the optimal radiograph for detecting displacement. Results In each of the four cases, the displaced lesser tuberosity osteotomy was not seen on the axillary radiograph. A true AP radiograph consistently provided the only clear view of the displaced osteotomy. CT or MRI was used to confirm displacement of the lesser tuberosity osteotomy. In each case, displacement of the lesser tuberosity resulted from either a traumatic event, or from patient non-compliance with post-operative restrictions. Discussion/Conclusion This is the first report that characterizes the radiographic appearance of failure of the lesser tuberosity osteotomy technique. Displacement of lesser tuberosity osteotomy following shoulder arthroplasty is best observed using a true AP radiograph.
Near infrared photo-induced DNA damage in the presence of copper-dppz complex: Evidence for the involvement of singlet oxygen

Abstract We present the effect of the DNA damage efficiency by excitation wavelengths above 700 nm within d–d transition bands of ( l -lysine) (dppz) Cu(II) complexes. Our results show significant DNA cleavage between 700 and 755 nm. The efficiency of photosensitized DNA cleavage and quantum yield of singlet oxygen production at different excitation wavelengths have been determined to gain insight into the involvement of the d–d band in the DNA damage process. Time-dependent density functional (TD-DFT) calculations were performed to understand the influence of the metal to l -lysine transition on the d–d bands of the Cu(II) complex-DNA moiety. It is found that the involvement of d–d transition in the reaction pathway of singlet oxygen formation seems to play an important role in the DNA cleavage efficiency using light of wavelength above 700 nm.
The effects of paraquat on prostaglandin synthesis of guinea pig lungs.

The effects of paraquat treatment (10 mg/kg i.p.) on the prostaglandin synthesizing ability of guinea pig lungs were examined in the present study. It was observed that paraquat-treated animals, as compared to controls, had a significantly reduced ability to synthesize PGF2 alpha and "PGE2" at 24 and 48 h after the treatment. Paraquat, however, failed to have any effect on prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. A decrease in the ability of prostaglandin synthesis in paraquat-treated guinea pig lung was attributed possibly to a decrease in the amount of lung microsomal protein.
Ferromagnetic-resonance studies of epitaxial Ni, Co, and Fe films grown on Cu(100)/Si(100)

Epitaxial films of Ni, Co, and Fe of thickness (10--500 \AA{}) have been studied on Cu(100) seed layers grown at room temperature on Si(100) substrates freshly etched in a hydrofluoric acid solution. X-ray diffraction and reflection high-energy electron-diffraction measurements confirm the epitaxial growth of Ni and Co on Cu(100) with a fcc(100) structure, whereas Fe grows with a bcc(110) Pitsch orientation relationship. Ferromagnetic-resonance measurements have been used to study the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies of these films. Experimental data were fitted by using energy-density expressions that include uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy and bulk cubic anisotropy terms. Ni films with thicknesses 100 \AA{} show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which is attributed to a tetragonal deformation of the Ni lattice.
Annual cycle of global ocean heat content: Observed and simulated

[1] This study focuses on the annual cycle of global ocean heat content and its variation with depth. Our primary objective is to evaluate a recent suite of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations of the twentieth century in the context of available observations. In support of this objective, we extend the analysis and interpretation of observational estimates. In many respects, the collection of models examined compare well with observations. The largest signal in the annual cycle of ocean heat content is in the midlatitudes, where all the models do a credible job of capturing the amplitude, phasing, and depth penetration. Judging the models' performance at high latitudes is more complex because of the sparseness of observations and complications owing to the presence of sea ice. The most obvious problems identified in this study are in the tropics, where many climate models continue to have troublesome biases.
THE HUMORAL STIMULATION OF GASTRIC SECRETION

Evidence has been presented that there are at least two components in the humoral stimulation of a transplant of the gastric fundus by a meal—one liberated from the gastric mucosa by the presence of secretagogues, and the other from the mucosa of the small intestine by the presence therein of food or secretagogues. The results of the experiments in which the mucosa of one or other of the pouches of the two-pouch preparation was aniaesthetised by procaine have provided indirect evidence that the gastric component of the humoral stimulation is hormonal in nature. No such experiments have been performed in connection with the intestinal phase. Experiments on one dog only, in which the pyloric region of the gastric mucosa was removed from the main gastric pouch of the two pouch preparation, lead to the conclusion, subject to confirmation on other animals, that the presence in the main gastric pouch of this region of the stomach is not essential for the demonstration of the humoral response of the transplant to perfusion of the main gastric pouch with a solution of secretagogues.
Three-dimensional stability of new denture base resin systems

Ten maxillary dentures were constructed on standard-sized casts in each of four acrylic resins. Uniform placement of the artificial teeth and thickness of the base were maintained by use of a silicone rubber mold. Metal shot was luted in preselected positions to the dentures and the land of the cast. Frontal, lateral, and occlusal radiographs were made of the dentures at time intervals of (1) before processing, (2) after processing, (3) immediately after removal from the cast, and (4) 30 days later. Study of the radiographs revealed significant variations in position of the metal shot from the before-processing baseline within each group of dentures and significant differences between groups of dentures.
Molecular characterization of Potato leafroll virus, Potato virus A, and Potato virus X isolates from potatoes in Alaskan cities and villages.

Although all three viruses are commonly found in potatoes throughout the world, this is the first report of potato viruses from Alaska to be sequenced and molecularly analyzed for comparisons with ...
Minimizing Movement Time in Surgical Telerobotic Tasks

Surgical robotic devices are rapidly achieving widespread use and acceptance. Despite the many benefits of robotic-assisted surgery, it is typical for robot-assisted procedures to take longer. This study investigates the effect of control:response ratio on simple movement time in surgical telerobotic tasks. Robot control interfaces offer "motion scaling" settings but, in practice, this feature is often not used effectively, and is confounded by factors such as the fulcrum point of the laparoscopic instrument. Results using a simple aimed movement task indicate that control:response ratio indeed has a large effect on movement time, and further that it interacts with task difficulty. These results can guide medical device designers and the developers of surgical training protocols.
Eu(II)-containing cryptates as contrast agents for ultra-high field strength magnetic resonance imaging

The relaxivity (contrast-enhancing ability) of EuII-containing cryptates was found to be better than a clinically approved GdIII-based agent at 7 T. These cryptates are among a few examples of paramagnetic substances that show an increase in longitudinal relaxivity, r1, at ultra-high field strength relative to lower field strengths.
Information flow from the sensorimotor cortex to muscle in humans

Abstract Objectives : To investigate the physiologic mechanism of human electroencephalogram–electromyogram (EEG-EMG) coherence, the directed transfer function (DTF) based on a multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model was computed. Methods : Fifty-six channel EEG and EMG of the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle during a weak tonic contraction were recorded in 6 normal volunteers. The EEG over the left sensorimotor area and the rectified EMG were used to compute coherence and DTF. Results : EEG-EMG coherence was observed at the peak frequency of 15–29 Hz (mean 18.5 Hz). The peak frequency of DTF from EEG to EMG was 12–27 Hz (mean 17.8 Hz). DTF from EEG to EMG was significantly larger than that from EMG to EEG at 19–30 and 45–50 Hz ( P Conclusions : The present findings suggest that the EEG-EMG coupling mechanism for the 19 Hz or higher frequency might differ from that for the lower frequency. Directional information flow from EEG to EMG in the former frequency range likely reflects the motor control command. The finding of the directional information flow from EEG to EMG within the gamma band indicates that 40 Hz EEG-EMG coherence is not specific to the muscle Piper rhythm which is seen only with strong contraction.
The Passion of the Digital: the Ontology of the Photographic Image in the Age of New Media

Using Mel Gibson’s 2004 film and cultural phenomenon The Passion of the Christ as a launching pad, this essay meditates on some questions about the twentieth century legacy of competing realisms, the graphic imperative of contemporary digital image cultures, and the ontological conundrums involving technology and mass media. Passion is an onto-theological filmic ‘event’ that derives equally from an almighty religiosity as well as a cultish process of being enraptured by certain ritual values of a new-age technologism of sound and image. This endographic writing out of the Gospel narrative at the level of the tissue and nerve of the committed viewer affirms a transcendental truth already there in an internal cosmos of belief instead of working in terms of an externally navigable ‘realist’ representation of the world that seeks to ‘bear away our faith’. This is rendered possible when unquestioning belief in Christ and in his momentous sacrifice is met by an embracing of technology without the skepticism of a scientific temper.
Microstructure of rapidly solidified magnesium-silicon alloys

The appearance of three different microstructures in these alloys may be explained in a manner similar to that used in the case of zone A microstructures in Al alloys. Because of the many similarities between dilute Mg-Si and some Al-transition metal alloys, it is of interest to apply rapid solidification processing to hypereutectic Mg-Si alloys in an attempt to produce similar microstructural modifications leading to an anticipated improvement in mechanical properties. The results of such experiments are described.
Nonlinear optimization using generalized hopfield networks

A nonlinear neural framework, called the generalized Hopfield network (GHN), is proposed, which is able to solve in a parallel distributed manner systems of nonlinear equations. The method is applied to the general nonlinear optimization problem. We demonstrate GHNs implementing the three most important optimization algorithms, namely the augmented Lagrangian, generalized reduced gradient, and successive quadratic programming methods. The study results in a dynamic view of the optimization problem and offers a straightforward model for the parallelization of the optimization computations, thus significantly extending the practical limits of problems that can be formulated as an optimization problem and that can gain from the introduction of nonlinearities in their structure (e.g., pattern recognition, supervised learning, and design of content-addressable memories).
VARIABILITY IN INFORMATION FOUND ON LABELS OF HIGH RISK HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS

Elderly people are reliant primarily upon the labels of high risk household products for information regarding their appropriate use. Because deaths and accidental poisonings from high risk household products for elderly people have increased, the information on labels may be insufficient or poorly displayed. Labels of common, high risk household products were examined for the frequency with which items of information were listed. Results showed that not only was there incomplete information, but there was variability between products also.