cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for muscarinic acetyicholine receptor subtypes in the pigeon telencephalon

At least five subtypes of muscarinic acetyicholine receptors are expressed in various mammalian tissue preparations. The following experiment, through the use of direct binding assays (using tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate), competitive binding assays (using tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate and unlabeled pirenzepine or AF-DX 116), and autoradiographic techniques, examined whether two of these five putative muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes can be found in avian brain. Accordingly, autoradiographic mapping of pirenzepine sensitive (M1-like) and AF-DX 116-sensitive (M2-like) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the pigeon telencephalon was condu Although both ligands bound throughout the brain, most telencephalic regions, including the archistriatum, the neostriatum, and basal ganglia structures like lobus paraolfactorius, nucleus accumbens, and paleostriatum, showed a higher density of M1-like sites. The exception to this finding was the nucleus basalis which appeared as a region where M2-like sites predominated. Moreover, the telencephalic region with the largest ratio of M1-like to M2-like sites was the lateral portion of the parahippocampus; a characteristic shared with the mammalian dentate gyrus. The findings reported here are generally consistent with previous reports of mammalian M1/M2 receptor distributions. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Extraction of defect size distributions in an IC layer using test structure data

This paper demonstrates the need for specialized test structures and algorithms to obtain defect characteristics which are necessary for accurate yield prediction. Using one such specialized test structure, a general methodology for extracting size distribution parameters for both shorts and opens in any IC layer, which is independent of defect and yield models, is developed in this paper. The application of this methodology is illustrated by means of a fabrication experiment. >
An autonomous vision-based mobile robot

This paper describes the theoretical development and experimental implementation of a complete navigation procedure for use in an autonomous mobile robot for structured environments. Estimates of the vehicle's position and orientation are based on the rapid observation of visual cues located at discrete positions within the environment. The extended Kalman filter is used to combine these visual observations with sensed wheel rotations to produce optimal estimates continuously. The complete estimation procedure, as well as the control algorithm, developed are time independent. A naturally suitable quantity involving wheel rotations is used as the independent variable. One consequence of this choice is that the vehicle speed can be specified independently of the estimation and control algorithms. Reference paths are "taught" by manually leading the vehicle through the desired path. Estimates produced by the extended Kalman filter during this teaching session are then used to represent the geometry of the path. The tracking of taught reference paths is accomplished by controlling the position and orientation of the vehicle relative to the reference path. Time-independence path tracking has necessitated the development of a novel, geometry-based means for advancing along the reference path. >
Enhanced feature detection and tracking algorithm for UWB-OFDM SAR navigation

There is a great need to develop non-GPS based methods for position and navigation in situations where GPS is not available. This paper presents an improved feature extraction and tracking algorithm for a novel navigation sensor, an Ultra-Wideband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed radar. The radar is onboard an aerial vehicle and collects data periodically in a side-looking stripmap Synthetic Aperture Radar configuration flying over unknown terrain. An M/N detector is first used to extract range/Doppler observations from SAR features in the terrain. The observations are then associated with existing tracks using Global Nearest Neighbor. The associated measurements are then used as updates to a previously developed EKF which combines the radar observation tracks with INS measurements to compute an optimal aircraft position estimate. The filter performance is evaluated and compared with that of a previously developed threshold-based method using simulations. The algorithm performance dependence on the quality of INS measurements are also evaluated based on INS error models of commercial-grade, tactical-grade, and navigation-grade INS systems.
Inbreeding decreases promiscuity in Drosophila melanogaster females

Polyandry and promiscuity by females are widespread phenomena in natural populations despite the costs associated with multiple matings. Previous studies using flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) and field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) suggest that these behaviors are more common in inbred individuals, perhaps as a mechanism to ensure genetic diversity in the offspring produced or due to reduced choosiness. However, using Drosophila melanogaster, we observed the converse pattern; relatively inbred females were less promiscuous than relatively outbred ones both in terms of the number of males and the number of phenotypes of males chosen, and took longer to copulate which is consistent with increased choosiness. The effects of inbreeding on behavior may therefore be different across different species and may depend on tradeoffs that differ between species rather than follow a general rule.
A new digital signal processing channel for data storage products

The author presents a run-length coded channel with digital signal processing and a sequence detection algorithm. A novel look-ahead decoder provides maximum-likelihood performance without Viterbi computations by focusing, on the minimum-distance error events. The channel, called
Serial echocardiographic evaluation of restenosis after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy.

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to determine predictors of restenosis after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) and its relationship to late clinical outcome. Background The restenosis rate after PMC and its relationship to late clinical outcome is poorly defined. Methods Serial echocardiography was performed in 310 patients who underwent PMC. Restenosis, defined as mitral valve area (MVA) 2 and ≥50% loss of initial MVA increase, was determined by both two-dimensional (2D) and Doppler echocardiography. Clinical, echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization variables were evaluated to determine predictors of restenosis. The relationship between restenosis and major adverse clinical events (death, repeat PMC or mitral valve replacement) and functional status was assessed. Results Acute procedural success occurred in 206 patients (66%), who were then followed for restenosis. The cumulative restenosis rate was approximately 40% at six years after successful PMC (44% by 2D and 40% by Doppler MVA). The only independent predictor of restenosis was echocardiographic score (restenosis at five years was 20% for score Conclusions Restenosis is a common, gradual and progressive occurrence after successful PMC and is predicted by higher echocardiographic score. Restenosis is related to late adverse clinical outcome, though clinical outcome remains best predicted by the acute procedural results of PMC.
Option to acquire or divest a joint venture

This is the author's final draft. The publisher's official version is available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200006)21:6<665
Calculators to Estimate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Public Transit Vehicles

This paper reviews calculation tools available for quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions associated with different types of public transit service and the tools’ usefulness in helping a transit agency to reduce its carbon footprint through informed vehicle and fuel procurement decisions. Available calculators fall into two categories: (a) registry- and inventory-based calculators most suitable for standardized voluntary reporting, carbon trading, and regulatory compliance and (b) life-cycle analysis calculators that seek comprehensive coverage of all direct and indirect emissions. Despite significant progress in calculator development, no single calculator contains all information needed by transit agencies to develop a truly comprehensive, life cycle–based accounting of the emissions produced by vehicle fleet operations and for a wide range of vehicle and fuel technology options.
Acute Kidney Injury and Bisphosphonate Use in Cancer: A Report From the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project

Purpose: To determine whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is identified within the US Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Events and Reporting System (FDA AERS) as an adverse event resulting from bisphosphonate (BP) use in cancer therapy. Methods: A search of the FDA AERS records from January 1998 through June 2009 was performed; search terms were “renal problems” and all drug names for BPs. The search resulted in 2,091 reports. We analyzed for signals of disproportional association by calculating the proportional reporting ratio for zoledronic acid (ZOL) and pamidronate. Literature review of BP-associated renal injury within the cancer setting was conducted. Results: Four hundred eighty cases of BP-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) were identified in patients with cancer. Two hundred ninety-eight patients (56%) were female; mean age was 66 10 years. Multiple myeloma (n 220, 46%), breast cancer (n 98, 20%), and prostate cancer (n 24, 5%) were identified. Agents included ZOL (n 411, 87.5%), pamidronate (n 8, 17%), and alendronate (n 36, 2%). Outcomes included hospitalization (n 304, 63.3%) and death (n 68, 14%). The proportional reporting ratio for ZOL was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.32) and for pamidronate was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.65), reflecting a nonsignificant safety signal for both drugs. Conclusion: AKI was identified in BP cancer clinical trials, although a safety signal for BPs and AKI within the FDA AERS was not detected. Our findings may be attributed, in part, to clinicians who believe that AKI occurs infrequently; ascribe the AKI to underlying premorbid disease, therapy, or cancer progression; or consider that AKI is a known adverse drug reaction of BPs and thus under-report AKI to the AERS.
Sparsity-Based Multi-Target Tracking Using OFDM Radar

We propose a sparsity-based approach to track multiple targets in a region of interest using an orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar. We observe that in a particular pulse interval the targets lie at a few points on the delay-Doppler plane and hence we exploit that inherent sparsity to develop a tracking procedure. The use of an OFDM signal not only increases the frequency diversity of our system, as different scattering centers of a target resonate variably at different frequencies, but also decreases the block-coherence measure of the equivalent sparse measurement model. In the tracking filter, we exploit this block-sparsity property in developing a block version of the compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) algorithm. We present numerical examples to show the performance of our sparsity-based tracking approach and compare it with a particle filter (PF) based tracking procedure. The sparsity-based tracking algorithm takes much less computational time and provides equivalent and sometimes better, tracking performance than the PF-based tracking.
c-Abl in Neurodegenerative Disease

The c-Abl tyrosine kinase participates in a variety of cellular functions, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation of the cell cycle, and the apoptotic/cell cycle arrest response to stress, and the Abl family of kinases has been shown to play a crucial role in development of the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown c-Abl activation in human Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and c-Abl activation in mouse models and neuronal culture in response to amyloid beta fibrils and oxidative stress. Overexpression of active c-Abl in adult mouse neurons results in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Based on this evidence, a potential role for c-Abl in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease is discussed, and we attempt to place activation of c-Abl in context with other known contributors to neurodegenerative pathology.
Partitioning roles of side chains in affinity, orientation, and catalysis with structures for mutant complexes: asparagine-229 in thymidylate synthase.

Thymidylate synthase (TS) methylates only dUMP, not dCMP. The crystal structure of TS‚dCMP shows dCMP 4-NH2 excluded from the space between Asn-229 and His-199 by the hydrogen bonding and steric properties of Asn-229. Consequently, 6-C of dCMP is over 4 A from the active site sulfhydryl. The Asn-229 side chain is prevented from flipping 180ϒ to an orientation that could hydrogen bond to dCMP by a hydrogen bond network between conserved residues. Thus, the specific binding of dUMP by TS results from occlusion of competing substrates by steric and electronic effects of residues in the active site cavity. When Asn-229 is replaced by a cysteine, the Cys-229 S! rotates out of the active site, and the mutant enzyme binds both dCMP and dUMP tightly but does not methylate dCMP. Thus simply admitting dCMP into the dUMP binding site of TS is not sufficient for methylation of dCMP. Structures of nucleotide complexes of TS N229D provide a reasonable explanation for the preferential methylation of dCMP instead of dUMP by this mutant. In TS N229D‚dCMP, Asp-229 forms hydrogen bonds to 3-N and 4-NH2 of dCMP. Neither the Asp-229 carboxyl moiety nor ordered water appears to hydrogen bond to 4-O of dUMP. Hydrogen bonds to 4-O (or 4-NH2) have been proposed to stabilize reaction intermediates. If their absence in TS N229D‚dUMP persists in the ternary complex, it could explain the 10 4 -fold decrease in kcat/Km for dUMP. Mutation of key residues involved in binding reactants in transition states addresses the relative contributions of the residues both to enzymatic rate and to specific binding. Binding interactions of an enzyme with its biologically appropriate substrate rarely achieve the high affinity possible when the binding interactions are optimal. The binding of biotin by streptavidin is an example of binding that is closer to optimal, with ! Gf ! 21 kcal/M and Kd ! 10 -15 M (Chaiet & Wolf, 1964). There are several reasons for this. Enzymes evolve to operate on the correct substrate at physiological concentrations. The difference between the observed binding energy and that theoretically possible can be turned toward enhancing catalytic rate, as seen in the increase in kcat with larger substrates in serine proteases, for example (Fersht, 1985). The enzyme binding site must also encode the lack of binding of other physiologically present molecules which would act as inhibitors or even as alternate substrates. This latter role is often overlooked in the search for a molecular basis for protein function. We probe this discriminatory role in mutants that alter preference in binding and catalysis.
Sulfonation chemistry of some small molecule models of EPDM rubbers. II: The structure of intermediate adducts

Sulfonation du trans-hexene-3, cis-hexene-3, butene-1, cyclopentene, dihydrodicyclopentadiene, ethylidene cyclopentene et ethylidene norbornane par RMN du carbone 13
Selected Topics in Point-of-Care Testing: Whole Blood Creatinine, Influenza Testing, Fetal Fibronectin and Patient Self-testing in the Home

This article reviews selected topics in point-of-care testing including: whole blood creatinine testing, influenza testing, fetal fibronectin, and patient self-testing. Each of these topics reflects an important new application of point-of-care testing and together they illustrate the many niche applications for these technologies.
The Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Cell Polarity and Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis—the directed movement of cells in a gradient of chemoattractant—is essential for neutrophils to crawl to sites of inflammation and infection and for Dictyostelium discoideum (D. discoideum) to aggregate during morphogenesis. Chemoattractant-induced activation of spatially localized cellular signals causes cells to polarize and move toward the highest concentration of the chemoattractant. Extensive studies have been devoted to achieving a better understanding of the mechanism(s) used by a neutrophil to choose its direction of polarity and to crawl effectively in response to chemoattractant gradients. Recent technological advances are beginning to reveal many fascinating details of the intracellular signaling components that spatially direct the cytoskeleton of neutrophils and D. discoideum and the complementary mechanisms that make the cell's front distinct from its back.
A semi-supervised version of heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis.

Heteroscedastic Linear Discriminant Analysis (HLDA) was introduced in [1] as an extension of Linear Discriminant Analysis to the case where the class-conditional distributions have unequal covariances. The HLDA transform is computed such that the likelihood of the training (labeled) data is maximized, under the constraint that the projected distributions are orthogonal to a nuisance space that does not offer any discrimination. In this paper we consider the case of semi-supervised learning, where a large amount of unlabeled data is also available. We derive update equations for the parameters of the projected distributions, which are estimated jointly with the HLDA transform, and we empirically compare it with the case where no unlabeled data are available. Experimental results with synthetic data and real data from a vowel recognition task show that, in most cases, semi-supervised HLDA results in improved performance over HLDA.
A Developmentally Regulated Kinesin-related Motor Protein from Dictyostelium discoideum

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an attractive system for studying the roles of microtubule-based motility in cell development and differentiation. In this work, we report the first molecular characterization of kinesin-related proteins (KRPs) in Dictyostelium. A PCR-based strategy was used to isolate DNA fragments encoding six KRPs, several of which are induced during the developmental program that is initiated by starvation. The complete sequence of one such developmentally regulated KRP (designated K7) was determined and found to be a novel member of the kinesin superfamily. The motor domain of K7 is most similar to that of conventional kinesin, but unlike conventional kinesin, K7 is not predicted to have an extensive α-helical coiled-coil domain. The nonmotor domain is unusual and is rich in Asn, Gln, and Thr residues; similar sequences are found in other developmentally regulated genes in Dictyostelium. K7, expressed in Escherichia coli, supports plus end–directed microtubule motility in vitro at a speed of 0.14 μm/s, indicating that it is a bona fide motor protein. The K7 motor is found only in developing cells and reaches a peak level of expression between 12 and 16 h after starvation. By immunofluorescence microscopy, K7 localizes to a membranous perinuclear structure. To examine K7 function, we prepared a null cell line but found that these cells show no gross developmental abnormalities. However, when cultivated in the presence of wild-type cells, the K7-null cells are mostly absent from the prestalk zone of the slug. This result suggests that in a population composed largely of wild-type cells, the absence of the K7 motor protein interferes either with the ability of the cells to localize to the prestalk zone or to differentiate into prestalk cells.
Training for prescribing in-office and home phototherapy

SummaryBackground/Purpose One reason phototherapy use is lacking in the United States may be inadequate phototherapy education during dermatology training. The purpose of this study was to estimate the level of dermatology resident training with prescribing phototherapy and to see whether inadequate education may be contributing to the underuse of phototherapy in the United States. Methods A questionnaire was developed to assess resident education and comfort with prescribing phototherapy from the resident perspective. Botulinum toxin and radiation therapy training were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Responses were tabulated and comparisons made using Fisher's exact test and Cochran–Armitage trend test. Results A total of 88 residents responded. 42% and 81% of respondents reported not receiving didactic education on prescribing in-office and home phototherapy, respectively, compared to 13% for botulinum toxin and 91% for radiation therapy. 29% and 76% reported not being comfortable prescribing in-office and home phototherapy, respectively, compared to 36% for botulinum toxin and 91% for radiation therapy. Phototherapy education satisfaction was positively correlated with comfort of prescribing, and comfort prescribing was positively correlated with actual prescribing of phototherapy. Conclusions Training for prescribing phototherapy is lacking. Augmenting phototherapy training may help make home phototherapy more accessible for patients.
Investigations on the Packed Bed for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage

Modeling and experimental studies were performed on a packed bed for high-temperature energy storage using Zirconium oxide pellets as the storage material. This is an advanced ceramic material that can withstand corrosion and high temperatures. Model predictions compare favorably with experimental results. Zirconium oxide demonstrated great potential as thermal energy storage material. More energy was recovered from the bed in the opposite direction than in the direction used during storage. The gas inlet temperature to the bed showed dominant influence on the uncertainty in the model predictions, implying that special attention should be paid to the measurement of this temperature.
The role of subsidies in microfinance: evidence from the Grameen Bank

The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh has been in the vanguard of the microfinance movement, showing the potential to alleviate poverty by providing credit to poor house- holds. Part of this success has been built on subsidies. In 1996, for example, total subsidies evaluated at the economic opportunity cost of capital amounted to about US$26-30 million. The evidence helps to explain why institutions like Grameen have not just sprung up on their own as private commercial ventures, and it underscores the value of openly addressing the costs and benefits of subsidization. The paper also describes recent difficulties in maintaining high repayment rates. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
First report of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) on soybean in North Dakota.

During August 2003, soybean (Glycine max) plants from Richland County, North Dakota with white-to-yellow, lemon-shaped structures on the roots were brought to the North Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. To confirm that the structures were females of a cyst nematode, they were crushed and observed microscopically to determine if nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles were present. Morphology of the second-stage juveniles was consistent with Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). A survey was conducted in soybean fields in 34 km2 around the field in which the samples originated. Ten of twenty fields surveyed had visible females on the roots of plants. Symptoms observed in those fields included patches of stunted, chlorotic, and dead plants. Soil samples were collected from selected areas within eight fields, eggs were extracted using standard soil sieving techniques, and egg numbers were determined. Egg numbers ranged from 550 to 20,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil. SCN colle...
Antioxidant enzyme induction : A new protective approach against the adverse effects of diesel exhaust particles

Exposure to airborne particulate pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) has been associated with allergic respiratory disorders, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this communication, we review recent advances in the mechanism by which DEPs elicit their harmful effects and the protective role of antioxidants. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) are believed to play a key role in cellular damage after exposure to DEPs. Numerous reports demonstrate that both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory products are induced by DEPs via the activation of transcription factors. DEPs trigger multiple signaling pathways, which lead to DNA damage and cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and antioxidant defense. Recent studies both in vitro and in mice show that antioxidants could alleviate the allergic inflammatory effects of DEPs. Human in vivo models suggest that the important phase II enzymes GSTM1 and GSTP1 modify the adjuvant effect of diesel exhaust particles on allergic inflammation. We have shown that the induction of phase II enzymes by the chemical sulforaphane can block DEP-induced enhanced immunoglobulin (Ig) E production in B cells and DEP-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in epithelial cells. These findings suggest that overexpression of antioxidant enzymes could constitute a powerful potential chemopreventive approach against adverse effects induced by oxidant pollutants such as DEPs.
To Secure These Rights: The Declaration of Independence and Constitutional Interpretation

To Secure These Rights enters the fascinating--and often contentious--debate over constitutional interpretation. Scott Douglas Gerber here argues that the Constitution of the United States should be interpreted in light of the natural rights political philosophy of the Declaration of Independence and that the Supreme Court is the institution of American government that should be primarily responsible for identifying and applying that philosophy in American life. Importantly, the theory advanced in this book--what Gerber calls liberal originalism--is neither consistently liberal nor consistently conservative in the modern conception of those terms. Rather, the theory is liberal in the classic sense of viewing the basic purpose of government to be safeguarding the natural rights of individuals. As Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men. In essence, Gerber maintains that the Declaration articulates the philosophical ends of our nation and that the Constitution embodies the means to effectuate those ends. Gerber's analysis reveals that the Constitution cannot be properly understood without recourse to history, political philosophy, and law.
Key concepts and research priorities for landscape sustainability

A recurrent question in landscape ecology has been: What is at the cutting-edge of research and application? The most thought-provoking debates and contributions in landscape ecology have occurred when scientists have mixed things up by crossing boundaries through interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary activities including discussions and collaborations. One of the main outcomes of these activities is the debate about which issues are critical to the evolution of landscape ecology’s epistemology and its future research and application agenda (e.g., Tress and Tress 2001; Tress et al. 2001; Wu and Hobbs 2002; Potschin and Haines-Young 2006; Wu 2006, 2008, 2010; Nassauer and Opdam 2008; Musacchio 2009, 2011). For example, the debate about key concepts and research priorities have played an important role in shaping its future research and application agenda, and this approach can be traced at least to the days of Allerton workshop (see Risser and Iverson 2013) when landscape ecology was new on the scientific horizons much like sustainability science today. More recently, articles about key concepts and research priorities have provided motivation for greater interdisciplinary integration in landscape ecology (Brandt 1998) and developed a top ten research agenda for the new millennium (Wu and Hobbs 2002). These efforts have created the dynamic, intellectual tension in landscape ecology that has come to characterize and differentiate it from other disciplines in the biophysical, social, and design sciences. This tension has major symbiotic benefits for what is perceived to be the intellectual core of the discipline as well as its intellectual margins—with the discipline’s core and margins constantly refreshed and reinvigorated by the debate among landscape ecologists. Landscape sustainability is an example of a key concept and research priority that will play an important role in helping to redefine the debate about relationships among landscapes, ecosystem services, and human well-being. As a focus of study, it has become more prominent as landscape ecologists included it more often as a key concept and research priority in landscape ecology (e.g., Wu and Hobbs 2002; Wu 2006, 2008, 2013a; Musacchio 2009, 2011). The years 2009 and 2010 stand out as important points of intellectual convergence because two special issues of this journal were published about landscape ecology and sustainability (e.g., Musacchio 2009; Pearson and McAlpine 2010). Building on this foundation, this special issue presents the diverse perspectives of scientists that represent the state-of-the-science in Europe, Pacific Rim, Africa, and North America. The authors’ perspectives provide important insights into L. R. Musacchio (&) Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Minnesota, 89 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA e-mail: musac003@umn.edu
Beta-catenin mutations do not contribute to cardiac fibroma pathogenesis.

Abstract Cardiac fibromas are the 2nd most common benign cardiac tumor occurring in children and bear a striking morphologic resemblance to soft tissue or desmoid fibromatosis. Since activating mutations in beta-catenin are common in desmoid fibromatosis as well as other spindle cell proliferations, the aim of our study was to determine if such mutations could be identified in cardiac fibroma. Nine cardiac fibromas from patients with surgical resection were examined for beta-catenin mutations by immunoperoxidase staining for beta-catenin protein and DNA sequencing of a region in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene, where relatively conserved mutations have been described in desmoid fibromatosis. The mean age of the patients was 7.6 years (range: 10 weeks to 27 years), and 6 of the patients were male. No nuclear staining for beta-catenin was seen in the fibroma cells by immunoperoxidase methods. The beta-catenin exon 3 sequence data showed no mutations in any of the 9 tumors. We conclude that despite their mor...
Effects of Orally Administered Progesterone-Like Compounds on Mammary Gland Growth in Rats.

SummaryThe oral effectiveness of 4 progesterone-like compounds to stimulate mammary gland growth (DNA) of ovariectomized rats is reported. Norlutin and Norlutate plus E.B. were ineffective in stimulating increasing DNA in comparison with E.B. alone. Lutoral and Provera plus E.B. at the 1 mg level or above stimulated comparable mammary gland growth to that observed at end of pregnancy or after 1 μg E.B. + 3 mg P. The injection of 1 or 2 μg E.B. plus 3 or 6 mg Norlutin Enanthate was also effective in stimulating DNA values comparable to normal pregnancy. The losses in body weight of most groups during the 19-day feeding period were apparently due to the unpalatable nature of feed containing these compounds.
Genic control and hormonal reversal of sex differentiation in Xenopus.

Conclusions and summaryContinuation of experiments on sex determination. particularly with Xenopus. led to the conclusion that the primary inductors, corticin (of follicle cells) and medullarin (of...
Experimental HSV latency using phosphonoacetic acid

SummaryTreatment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-infected human embryo lung cells with phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) at a concentration of 100 μg/ml did not inhibit the replication of HSV-2 over a 7-day period due to replication of low levels of PAA-resistant virus present in original virus stocks. Dose-response curves demonstrated that a minimum of 200 μg of PAA/ml was required to inhibit HSV-2 over this time interval. At twice the minimum concentration of PAA required, it was possible to induce a period during which infectious virus was un-detectable after reversal of drug treatment. This latent period was longer than that observed previously using cytosine arabinoside, and was extended by increasing the incubation temperature to 40° at the time of drug removal.The authors wish to thank Dr. Stephen St. Jeor for continuous provision of HEL cells.
Isolation of relaxed-control mutants of escherichia coli K-12 which are sensitive to glucose starvation.

Abstract Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 which are sensitive to glucose starvation were isolated by an enrichment procedure using thymine starvation to select for nongrowing cells. Eleven independent isolates were obtained by this method. The mutants are also sensitive to glycerol starvation and to a lesser extent to nitrogen or amino acid starvation. The mutants are more sensitive than the parental strain to inhibitors of protein synthesis but not inhibitors of RNA or DNA synthesis. [ 3 H]-leucine incorporation experiments indicate that protein synthesis is blocked in the mutants during recovery from glucose starvation or chloramphenicol inhibition. Incorporation of [ 3 H]uridine in amino acid-starved cells demonstrates that the mutants are partially relaxed for control of RNA synthesis. Physiological and genetic experiments indicate that these mutants are different from previously isolated relaxed-control mutants.
THE FORMATION AND DECAY OF SHOCK WAVES

(1972). The Formation and Decay of Shock Waves. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 227-241.
Characteristics of Optimal Chain Transfer Solvents for Pyrolysis Kinetics

Kinetics analysis of the idealized heavy hydrocarbon system comprising a reactant A1 = μ1H converting through a Rice–Herzfeld chain in the presence of a chain transfer solvent A2 = μ2H revealed the conditions and structural features of A2 for optimal rate enhancement E1 = rA1(A1, A2)/rA1(A1) = (1 + kSθ)/(1 + kS), where k = k12/k21 is the index of chain transfer and θ = k21/k11 is the index of the kinetic effect of chain transfer. Imposition of the Evans–Polanyi relationship for these two hydrogen-abstraction reactions rendered E1 as a function of the μ2–H bond strength x = dμ2Ho for a given reactant A1. Qualitatively, k decreases and θ increases with increasing values of x. For low values of S, the intuitive optimum is where the balance between these two dependencies is found. For higher values of S, the optimal value of x is defined by the condition dθ/(θ – 1) = dkS/(kS(1 + kS)).
Simulated Regionalization of Lung Transplantation in the United States

Simulated Regionalization of Lung Transplantation in the United States J. Magruder ,1 T.C. Crawford,2 J.C. Grimm,2 A.S. Shah,3 B. Kim,4 E.L. Bush,2 R.S. Higgins,2 C.A. Merlo.4 1Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; 2Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; 3Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN; 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.
Innovative metrics for equipment failure evaluation and prediction system based on ARMA model

The equipment failure down time(or the failure rate) in a certain period of time(such as 12 hours),which is greatly influenced by the production planning and scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing factory,can not reflect the true equipment performance.Moreover,the data series of down time is not suitable for being directly used for auto-regressive moving average(ARMA) modeling because it has very strong randomness and undulatory property.An innovative metrics for equipment failure evaluation,named equipment unavailability(EU),is proposed according to this problem.When building an ARMA model,the equipment failure down time is firstly transformed to EU.Then the data is converted into stationary random sequence by outliers' replacing,and thirdly the trend term of data is removed by using an improved moving average algorithm.So the zero-mean stationary random sequence is available to build the ARMA model.The forecasting result is transformed into equipment failure probability in a certain period of time at last.The process of data pretreatment,modeling,forecasting and result transforming is realized to a software application system by using VS.NET.The application in a chipset assembly and test factory shows that the method can predict machine status with the accuracy of 70%,the equipment downtime is average reduced by 14.8 minutes and the machine unavailability is average reduced by 2.62% in one shift(12 hours).
Application Exploration of Screw Anchor in Xi'an Subway Foundation Pit

According to the structure and construction characteristics of screw anchor and the action mechanism of its multipoint attachment,based on the foundation pit of TJSG-4 Bid of Xi'an Subway No.2 Line,this paper analyzes the supporting effect and economic benefit of screw anchor and explores the application of screw anchor in subway foundation pit to provide technical support for rational shoring of Xi'an Subway foundation pit.
Infrared spectrum of the CH3OCH2 radical in solid argon.

The methoxymethyl radical, CH(3)OCH(2), is prepared via hydrogen photodissociation from dimethyl ether during codeposition of CH(3)OCH(3) in excess argon at 4 K with laser-excited metal plume radiation. The spectrum of this radical is characterized by four infrared absorptions at 1468.1, 1253.9, 1226.6, and 944.4 cm(-1), which are assigned by deuterium substitution as well as frequency and intensity calculations using density functional theory. The O-CH(2) bond length is calculated to be 0.07 A shorter than the CH(3)-O bond due to additional π bonding interactions. In the matrix near-UV irradiation destroys the CH(3)OCH(2) radical with the formation of HCO radical and CH(4), which is different from the decomposition mechanism of CH(3)OCH(2) radical to H(2)CO and CH(3) radical proposed for the gas phase process.
Skull Base Osteomyelitis: Malignant External Otitis

Malignant external otitis is a potentially life-threatening infection of the external auditory canal and skull base, typically seen in elderly diabetic patients. The most common bacteria responsible is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most patients present with granulation tissue in the floor of the external auditory canal and severe otalgia. A gallium scan and bone scan are required to make the diagnosis. Current treatment consists of intravenous antibiotics. Antibiotics are continued until the gallium scan returns to normal.
Direct Imaging of the Electrochemical Deposition of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Conjugated polymers are electronically and ionically active organic materials of interest for use in a variety of devices. Electrochemical deposition is a convenient method for precisely fabricating conjugated polymer thin films, yet a detailed, quantitative understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms has remained elusive. Here, we report direct imaging of the in situ electrochemical deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) from an aqueous solution of EDOT monomer using Transmission Electron Microscopy with an electrochemical liquid flow cell. We found that PEDOT deposition began preferentially at the edge of the glassy carbon anodes at the beginning of the reaction. Fluctuating clusters of liquid-like oligomers were observed to form near the electrode surfaces. As the reaction continued, both the nucleation of new domains as well as the growth of pre-existing PEDOT deposits were observed, leading to systematic increases in film thickness and roughness.
Blunt traumatic transection of the right common carotid artery

BackgroundCarotid injuries are infrequent following blunt traumatic injury but can have potentially devastating neurologic consequences. We present a case of a 31-year-old male with right common carotid transection after blunt trauma to the neck.Case reportA 31-year-old male with no notable medical history presented as a trauma level one activation after riding his bicycle into an open car door causing a Zone II laceration of his right anterior neck. The patient was hemodynamically normal, had an intact airway and had no neurologic deficits on evaluation in the trauma bay. He underwent a computed tomography angiogram of his neck which revealed a focal dissection of the right common carotid artery causing a 70%–80% luminal narrowing suspicious for a grade II injury. The patient was taken to the operating room for exploration of his neck laceration. He was found to have a grade V injury with complete transection of the right common carotid artery through the intima and media with intact adventitia. The arte...
Brief Report: Longitudinal Patterns of Response to Standard of Care Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Implications for Clinical Trial Design

Objective To evaluate longitudinal patterns of response to standard of care for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in clinical trials and to identify characteristics that differentiate nonresponders from persistent responders. Methods Data on 147 patients with moderately to severely active SLE without acute nephritis who were treated with placebo plus standard of care in two 52-week phase II/III trials were obtained from the Collective Data Analysis Initiative of the Lupus Foundation of America. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG)-based responses (improvement in all baseline A or B scores without new flare) were performed. Baseline characteristics that discriminated persistent responders from nonresponders were identified using logistic regression. Results Cross-sectional response rates decreased from 46% to 37% between 12 and 52 weeks. The overall rate of complete and sustained response, i.e., response at all visits, was only 14.3% (95% confidence interval 8.6-19.9%). Agreement between response status at 12 weeks and 36-52 weeks was low (κ = 0.15-0.29), and only 31% of initial 12-week responders maintained response at all subsequent visits. Baseline factors predictive of persistent response to standard of care included fewer organs with active disease, high C3 levels, and type of background therapy. Conclusion Use of sustained rather than landmark response may reduce high placebo response rates in SLE trials that continue aggressive standard of care. Further exploration to assess the power of this end point to improve discrimination between active and placebo arms is indicated. Lack of temporal stability in response highlights a potential weakness with shorter studies. Rates of response to standard of care are affected by the severity of the disease and the aggressiveness of background immunosuppressive treatments.
Improved clinical diffusion MRI reliability using a tensor distribution function compared to a single tensor

Fractional anisotropy derived from the single-tensor model (FADTI) in diffusion MRI (dMRI) is the most widely used metric to characterize white matter (WM) micro-architecture in disease, despite known limitations in regions with extensive fiber crossing. Models such as the tensor distribution function (TDF), which represents the diffusion profile as a probabilistic mixture of tensors, have been proposed to reconstruct multiple underlying fibers. Although complex HARDI acquisition protocols are rare in clinical studies, the TDF and TDF-derived scalar FA metric (FATDF) have been shown to be advantageous even for data with modest angular resolution. However, further evaluation and validation of the metric are necessary. Here we compared the test-retest reliability of FATDF and FADTI in clinical quality data by computing the intra-class correlation (ICC) between dMRI scans collected 3 months apart. When FATDF and FADTI were calculated at various angular resolutions, FATDF ICC in both the corpus callosum and in a full axial slice were consistently more stable across scans, as compared to FADTI.
Who Heard What When: Learning from Radio Broadcasting Hours and Programs in Jerusalem

Incorporating descriptions and analyses of sound into Middle Eastern history offers a wealth of opportunity for enriching our understanding of the historical record. But sometimes we need to get back to the basics: the “five w's and one h” of sound studies, so to speak. In what follows I would like to run this simple exercise with radio in the Mandate-era Levant, in order to lay out the basic data and begin to reflect on how it might aid scholars in better understanding other aspects of life in this period. I will do this by first addressing some of these basic what, who, when, where, why, how questions, and then by examining one day's programming of the Palestine Broadcasting Service in 1937: the day immediately following the release of the Peel Commission Report. What can we learn from examining this day's programming?
Human Interactions with Sirenians (Manatees and Dugongs)

There are three extant sirenian species of the Trichechidae family and one living Dugongidae family member. Given their close ties to coastal and often urbanized habitats, sirenians are exposed to many types of anthropogenic activities that result in challenges to their well-being, poor health, and even death. In the wild, they are exposed to direct and indirect local pressures as well as subject to large-scale stressors such as global climate change acting on regions or entire genetic stocks. In captivity, they are subject to husbandry and management practices based on our collective knowledge, or in some cases lack thereof, of their needs and welfare. It is therefore reasonable to consider that their current imperiled status is very closely linked to our actions. In this chapter, we identify and define human interactions that may impact dugongs and manatees, including hunting, fisheries, boat interactions, negative interactions with man-made structures, disease and contaminants, and global climate change. We examine techniques used to investigate these impacts and the influence of sirenian biology and of changing human behaviors on potential outcomes. We examine how this differs for dugongs and manatees in the wild and for those held in captivity. Finally, we provide possible mitigation strategies and ways to assess the efforts we are making to improve the welfare of individuals and to conserve these species. This chapter identifies how the welfare of these species is intrinsically linked to the human interactions these animals experience, and how the nature of these interactions has changed with societal shifts. We proffer suggested ways to minimize negative impacts. Current knowledge should be used to minimize negative human interactions and impacts, to promote positive impacts, and to protect these animals for the future.