cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Collegiate Athletes' Psychological Characteristics and Their Preferences for Different Types of Coaching Behavior

This study was based on Chelladurai’s (1978, 2001, 2007) Multidimensional Model of Leadership and was designed to determine whether athletes’ preferred coaching behavior would vary as a function of their psychological characteristics. Study participants (N = 195 collegiate athletes) completed questionnaires to assess their sport anxiety (SAS), motivational orientation (SMS), as well as their preferred coaching styles (LSS) and feedback patterns (CFQ). Canonical correlation procedures revealed that athletes who were high in self-determined forms of motivation and in somatic trait anxiety preferred coaches who exhibited a democratic leadership style and who provided high amounts of training, social support, and positive and informational feedback while athletes who were high in amotivation indicated a preference for coaches who exhibited an autocratic style and who provided high amounts of punishment-oriented feedback. In addition, high cognitive sport anxiety was linked to greater preference for high frequ...
The Allure of Urban Technology and Green Spaces: Dewey, Leopold and Car-less Suburbs

Modern American cities were designed to accommodate the demands of commerce and technology. The proliferation of fast and easy transportation, especially private automobiles, creates the conditions for the emergence of suburbs. People sprawl outwards in search of more pedestrian-friendly, greener, more family-oriented and remoter places to live, while commuting to the city center to work. Some suburbs have suffered the same fate as urban centers. With traffic congestion, rising crime and signs of urban decay, residents flee in increasing numbers from suburbs to exurbs. Though gentrification projects have in some cases successfully slowed sprawl, I argue that two changes are required if built environments - whether urban centers or suburbs - are to become more livable environments: (i) the creation of more city/suburban gardens and (ii) the removal of automobile traffic from city centers and suburbs. My argument draws on three sources: one, the reasons behind John Dewey’s project to create school gardens at the University of Chicago Laboratory School; two, an extension of the lessons of Aldo Leopold’s land ethic from the preservation of natural environments to the management of built environments; and, finally, the example of Vauban and Quarry Village, two experimental suburbs designed for people enjoy the experience of living in green spaces without cars.
Effect of net size on estimates of abundance, size, age and sex ratio of Mysis diluviana

Abstract We compared catches of Mysis diluviana in 80 vertical tows with large (1.0 m diameter) and small (0.5 m diameter) plankton nets to determine if the small net could be used in long-term monitoring historically conducted with the large net. Both nets were constructed of 500-μm aperture mesh and were towed simultaneously at 0.4 m/s. Comparisons were made at each of 10 stations on three occasions during July–September, 2014 at Dillon Reservoir, Colorado. Estimates of abundance and sex ratio were not different between the two nets but the larger net sampled a slightly broader range of sizes than the smaller net. We conclude that for most population monitoring purposes, the two nets can be used interchangeably; the smaller net is more useful for studies with gear size and weight constraints, but the larger net provides a four times larger sample size and thus may be better for detecting rare individuals.
The Helicobacter pylori CZB Cytoplasmic Chemoreceptor TlpD Forms an Autonomous Polar Chemotaxis Signaling Complex That Mediates a Tactic Response to Oxidative Stress.

ABSTRACT Cytoplasmic chemoreceptors are widespread among prokaryotes but are far less understood than transmembrane chemoreceptors, despite being implicated in many processes. One such cytoplasmic chemoreceptor is Helicobacter pylori TlpD, which is required for stomach colonization and drives a chemotaxis response to cellular energy levels. Neither the signals sensed by TlpD nor its molecular mechanisms of action are known. We report here that TlpD functions independently of the other chemoreceptors. When TlpD is the sole chemoreceptor, it is able to localize to the pole and recruits CheW, CheA, and at least two CheV proteins to this location. It loses the normal membrane association that appears to be driven by interactions with other chemoreceptors and with CheW, CheV1, and CheA. These results suggest that TlpD can form an autonomous signaling unit. We further determined that TlpD mediates a repellent chemotaxis response to conditions that promote oxidative stress, including being in the presence of iron, hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, and metronidazole. Last, we found that all tested H. pylori strains express TlpD, whereas other chemoreceptors were present to various degrees. Our data suggest a model in which TlpD coordinates a signaling complex that responds to oxidative stress and may allow H. pylori to avoid areas of the stomach with high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. IMPORTANCEHelicobacter pylori senses its environment with proteins called chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors integrate this sensory information to affect flagellum-based motility in a process called chemotaxis. Chemotaxis is employed during infection and presumably aids H. pylori in encountering and colonizing preferred niches. A cytoplasmic chemoreceptor named TlpD is particularly important in this process, and we report here that this chemoreceptor is able to operate independently of other chemoreceptors to organize a chemotaxis signaling complex and mediate a repellent response to oxidative stress conditions. H. pylori encounters and must cope with oxidative stress during infection due to oxygen and reactive oxygen species produced by host cells. TlpD9s repellent response may allow the bacteria to escape niches experiencing inflammation and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Effect of hydrogen peroxidase and superoxide radical on viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and related bacteria.

SummaryH2O2, but not · O 2 or -OH radical, appeared to be the bactericidal agent for N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, N. perflava, and B. catarrhalis in vitro in the purine-xanthine oxidase reaction, a system that generates products like those of the oxidative bactericidal system within PMN. Virulent Tl and avirulent T4 gonococci were killed equally. Both exponential and stationary phase gonococci were killed similarly. The addition of lactoperoxidase and iodide only slightly enhanced killing of gonococci by H2O2, if at all.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of R. S. Fulbright and M. Breakstone.
Infrared Microspectroscopy Mapping Techniques for the Analysis of Cross Sections and as Anon-Destructive Analysis Method for Paint on a Manuscript

Infrared microspectroscopy is useful for characterizing media in very small cross sectionsamples using both transmission and reflection modes of analysis. In a direct comparison of the two methods, reflection techniques produce poorer quality spectra than the transmission methods. However, many of the problems of reflection spectra can be mitigated by looking at the variations that occur between spectra obtained under similar conditions. An excellent venue for such a study is the use of infrared mapping. Mapping studies compare the intensities of absorption bands versus their location in the sample to generate an image of compositional differences in a region. Several examples are shown in this paper for the application of infrared mapping to the determination of components in thin section and cross section samples. The technique for infrared mapping was also used as a direct, nondestructive method for the characterization of colorants and binders on a small painted manuscript leaf. Compared to the paint cross sections, four relatively large areas (1 cm 2 ) were mapped with the infrared microscope then joined together using a mosaic technique.
26 Resilience and self-efficacy: a theory-based model of chronic ankle instability

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) commonly develops after a lateral ankle sprain (LAS). Widespread residual complaints suggest that rehabilitation provided for many LAS is insufficient. We propose a theoretical model for CAI development impacted by patient resilience and self-efficacy, social constructs, and rehabilitation adherence. An exclusive social structure within team sports often acts as an important support system to those within it, but may allow individuals to rationalise placing oneself at elevated risk of injury for the team’s benefit. Social attitudes may lower perceived control of patients (decreased resilience), making them feel less capable of carrying out a course of action (decreased self-efficacy), such as rehabilitation. Highly resilient student-athletes may communicate a need or desire for extensive care. Greater self-efficacy can facilitate patients’ insistence for thorough care, which may further boost resilience and self-efficacy, improving rehabilitation adherence, and decreasing the prevalence of CAI. Due to the perceived benign nature of LAS in the general population, many rely on self-treatment or emergency department recommendations involving rudimentary treatment methods that may not address all underlying deficits, nor prevent recurrent LAS. Although deficiencies in postural control, gait, and other functional tasks are commonly reported in CAI populations, these deficits often do not receive adequate attention during rehabilitation. However, the supervision of a clinician specialising in the management of sport-related musculoskeletal injuries will improve the quality and breadth of rehabilitation needed to address the host of potential deficits that arise from a LAS. Resilience, self-efficacy, and social constructs, in addition to clinician expertise, can affect injury outcomes, and should be considered and promoted in each patient through goal setting, buddy systems, and flexible scheduling. Legislation outlining rights of student-athletes may further affect psychosocial influences. Ultimately, elevated patient resilience and self-efficacy in LAS patients may facilitate rehabilitation adherence, reducing CAI development.
Advances in the study of Eperythrozoon

Eperythrozoon is the etiological agent of eperythrozoonosis.The classification,biological character and diagnosis of eperythrozoon are reviewed in this paper.
Analysis of the synthesis and surface tension of calix[6]arene butyl-ether sodium sulfonate

In this paper,water-soluble calix[6]arene butyl-ether sodium sulfonate was synthesized from p-tert-butylphenol,formaldehyde,phenol,anhydrous aluminum chloride,sulfuric acid.,n-bromobutane via four-step process involving polycondensation reaction,anti-alkylation,sulfonation and etherification reaction.The intermediates and the final product were characterized by IR.The product was qualitatively identified by dye method,and proved to be oligomeric surfactant.The surface tension of dilute aqueous solution of the product was measured at 25 ℃ with drop-volume method.
The Birth of Modernity: The Exilic-Utopian Imagination in Ancient Near-Eastern Narratives (The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Pentateuch)

In this chapter, I shall show that the idea of modernity is closely intertwined with, and defined in part, by the exilic-utopian imagination, and that both of them arose much earlier than it is commonly assumed. Indeed, their origins can be traced back to an archaic, oral mind-frame and its transition to a literate mentality. Furthermore, both the idea of modernity and the exilic-utopian imagination have, more often than not, served a mentality of power that has founded and held sway over most, if not all, of the large human civilizations known to have existed on our planet. At the same time, however, I shall show that the exilic-utopian imagination can transcend a power-oriented mentality and move toward irenic systems of values and beliefs—a perspective that is equally present, if only in a second register, in most of the ancient works I consider in this chapter.
Massive intrapericardial and intrathoracic hemorrhage secondary to unusual injuries causing cardiopulmonary arrest.

A 28-year-old man sustained multiple stab wounds. During transport by emergency medical services, the patient suffered cardiac arrest and required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). On arrival, he was ‘in extremis’. Vital signs: blood pressure 58/33 mm Hg; pulse 144 bpm; respiratory rate 33 bmp; and oxygen saturation 85%. He was immediately intubated. In the right femoral and subclavian veins 8.5 French catheters were placed. Fluid resuscitation was started using Lactated Ringer's, 2 units of uncross-matched packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and 2 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Physical examination revealed 6 non-bleeding stab wounds, 2–3 cm each, located 1 cm below the right midclavicular line; 1 cm lateral and below the left sternoclavicular junction; 1 cm below and 2 cm medial to the right scapula; 2 cm medial to the midborder of the left scapula; in the right abdominal flank, at the posterior axillary line, 3 cm above the right iliac crest; and a right anterior midthigh wound. The patient had decreased breath sounds in both hemithoracic cavities. Bilateral 36 French chest tubes were placed at the fifth intercostal spaces. The right-sided chest tube produced 500 mL of blood, the left produced 1 L. A focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) scan revealed significant fluid in the pericardium. A chest X-ray (figure 1) revealed moderate hemothorax on …
Marine snow formation by the toxin-producing diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia australis

Abstract The formation of marine snow (MS) by the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitschia australis was simulated using a roller table experiment. Concentrations of particulate and dissolved domoic acid (pDA and dDA) differed significantly among exponential phase and MS formation under simulated near surface conditions (16 °C/12:12-dark:light cycle) and also differed compared to subsequent particle decomposition at 4 °C in the dark, mimicking conditions in deeper waters. Particulate DA was first detected at the onset of exponential growth, reached maximum levels associated with MS aggregates (1.21 ± 0.24 ng mL−1) and declined at an average loss rate of ∼1.2% pDA day−1 during particle decomposition. Dissolved DA concentrations increased throughout the experiment and reached a maximum of ∼20 ng mL−1 at final sampling on day 88. The succession by P. australis from active growth to aggregation resulted in increasing MS toxicity and based on DA loading of particles and known in situ sinking speeds, a significant amount of toxin could have easily reached the deeper ocean or seafloor. MS formation was further associated with significant dDA accumulation at a ratio of pDA: dDA: cumulative dDA of approximately 1:10:100. Overall, this study confirms that MS functions as a major vector for toxin flux to depth, that Pseudo-nitzschia-derived aggregates should be considered ‘toxic snow’ for MS-associated organisms, and that effects of MS toxicity on interactions with aggregate-associated microbes and zooplankton consumers warrant further consideration.
Neurocognitive changes as measured by impact and the scat3 in women’s soccer players without diagnosed concussion

Objective Neurocognitive changes have been found in football players without documented concussion raising concerns regarding the long term consequences of subconcussive head impacts in sport. It remains unknown if similar neurocognitive changes are found in female soccer athletes without concussion. Females have been found to have higher concussion rates compared to males and soccer is the most popular sport internationally providing a compelling area of study. Design Observational study. Setting American collegiate women’s soccer team. Participants 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women’s soccer athletes (19.88±1.1 years old, 163.7±4.9 cm, 61.2±4.9 kg) volunteered and provided consent for the study. Assessment of risk factors We measured head impacts during practices and games throughout the 15 week season with the xPatch (X2 Biosystems, Seattle, WA, USA). All participants completed ImPACT and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 3rd Edition (SCAT3) prior to the season’s start and at the end of the season. Outcome measures The xPatch stored location, frequency, and magnitude (linear and rotational accelerations) of head impacts. Event film was used to verify each head impact. Changes in neurocognitive function were determined by comparing the baseline ImPACT and SCAT3 scores with the post-season scores. Main results A stepwise regression found a significant relationship between weekly head impact frequency during practices and the ImPACT measures of Visual Motor Speed (P=0.03) and Symptom Score (P=0.03). Conclusions Soccer activity may lead to lower visual motor speed and higher symptom scores. Future studies should use additional screening tools to verify these preliminary findings. Competing interests None.
A Novice Bilingual Teacher’s Journey: Teacher’s Noticing as a Pathway to Negotiate Contradictory Teaching Discourses

This qualitative case study investigates a fourth grade novice bilingual teacher’s repertoire of practice during her first year of teaching. Drawing on recent work on teacher noticing, the study explores how the teacher negotiates prevailing bilingual education discourses. Two themes are discussed: how this novice teacher embraced bilingual teaching while questioning practices and policies and how she negotiated contradictions through multiple attempts to redefine her teaching practices. Findings show how the teacher’s ability to notice framed her possibility to bridge her understandings about teaching, her critical pedagogical discourse, and the contextual contradictory discourses predominant in her school about bilingual education.
Financial Privacy in a Free Society

Financial and personal privacy is a key component of life in a free society, where individuals enjoy a private sphere free of government involvement, surveillance, and control. The U.S. financial regulatory framework is largely inconsistent with these ideas, and it is long past the time for fundamentally reforming the information exchange and reporting system that has grown over the past three decades. The current regulatory regime is overly complex and burdensome, and its ad hoc nature has likely impeded efforts to combat terrorism, enforce laws, and collect taxes. To better meet the needs of the citizens these laws are meant to serve, regulators must develop better information about the costs and benefits of the current regime, especially given that the current framework appears grossly cost ineffective. This paper provides a quantitative estimate of the cost of the current AML regime, recommends seven reforms to move the U.S. toward an improved financial privacy regime that protects individuals’ privacy rights while improving law enforcement’s ability to apprehend and prosecute criminals and terrorists.
Multimedia Education Reduces Anxiety in Lung Transplant Patients.

Context:A significant contribution to the success of lung transplantation is the recipient’s ability to self-manage a multidrug regimen and follow complex instructions. Effective education has alwa...
Performance evaluation of Co2+ :CdTe as an optical gain medium

Optical amplification of a mid-IR laser using a Co 2+ :CdTe amplifier was attempted by a double-pass technique. A 2.825 μm pump source was used to amplify a 3.780 μm seed source through the gain medium. Of transition-metal-doped chalcogenide lasers, iron (Fe 2+ ) and chromium (Cr 2+ ) have emerged as practical sources of tunable mid-infrared radiation, while cobalt (Co 2+ ) still remains comparatively unexplored. The initial observations of directly pumping into the 4 T 2 energy level are reported and discussed to better understand the potential of Co:CdTe as a mid-infrared gain medium.
Effectiveness of buspirone on urine spraying and inappropriate urination in cats

The most frequent type of behavior problem in cats for which veterinary consultation is sought is problem urination. Urine spraying and urine marking have been treated by use of long-acting progestins and diazepam, a benzodiazepine antianxiety drug. Effectiveness of the nonbenzodiazepine antianxiety drug, buspirone, in suppressing urine spraying and marking in 47 male and 15 female cats was evaluated. The effect of the drug in correcting inappropriate urination in 9 cats also was evaluated. Buspirone resulted in a favorable response (> 75% reduction) in 55% of cats treated for urine spraying or marking. There was no sex difference in effectiveness of the treatment, but cats from single-cat households responded favorably significantly (P < 0.001) less frequently than those from multiple-cat households. The 55% response rate was within the range of treatment effectiveness that has been reported for diazepam, and was greater than that reported for progestin. In contrast to diazepam, with which over 90% of treated cats resumed spraying or marking when the drug was gradually discontinued, only half of the cats treated with buspirone resumed spraying when the drug was discontinued after 2 months of treatment (P < 0.001). This difference between diazepam and buspirone in resumption of urine spraying was attributed to diazepam's induction of physiologic and behavioral dependency, not found with buspirone. Cats that resumed spraying were placed on long-term treatment ranging from 6 to 18 months. Buspirone also did not cause the adverse effects of sedation and ataxia, which commonly are seen with diazepam treatment. In cats treated for inappropriate urination, 56% returned to normal litter box usage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating the Status of Individuals and Populations: Advantages of Multiple Approaches and Time Scales

The assessment of population status is a central goal of applied wildlife research and essential to the field of wildlife conservation. “Population status” has a number of definitions, the most widely used having to do with the current trajectory of the population (i.e., growing, stable, or declining), or the probability of persistence (i.e., extinction risk), perhaps without any specific knowledge as to the factors driving a population’s dynamics. In contrast, a population’s status relative to the carrying capacity of the environment ( K ) is an ecologically-based definition that explicitly provides information about a major mechanism of population control. That is, it relates to the relative per capita availability of resources to individuals in a population, which can also be used to infer the state of the environment itself. Sea otters in the North Pacific provide an excellent system with which to examine various approaches to assessing population status relative to K . This is because sea otters were nearly extirpated by historic commercial overexploitation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, followed by natural and translocation-aided population recovery during the twentieth century, and this decline and recovery has been relatively well documented. This provided a unique opportunity to study populations at the extremes of the population status spectrum. Here we describe and review the approaches that have been utilized in sea otter research to understand the status of populations relative to resource abundance. Specifically, we will illustrate the utility of various indices of population status for understanding population dynamics using the case study of a second precipitous sea otter decline in the Western Aleutians. The indices or “tools” described here fit into several broad categories including (1) energetic, (2) morphological, and (3) demographic as well as a fourth category of emerging tools that have not yet been employed in many other situations including dietary diversity, community structure, spatial distribution, and gene expression. Overall, a variety of indices used to measure population status throughout the sea otter’s range have provided insights for understanding the mechanisms driving the trajectory of various sea otter populations, which a single index could not, and we suggest using multiple methods to measure a population’s status at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The work described here also illustrates the usefulness of long-term data sets and/or approaches that can be used to assess population status retrospectively, providing information otherwise not available. While not all systems will be as amenable to using all the approaches presented here, we expect innovative researchers could adapt analogous multi-scale methods to a broad range of habitats and species including apex predators occupying the top trophic levels, which are often of conservation concern.
High Energy Phosphates, Phospholipids, and Calcium in Ischemic Renal Tubular Cell Injury

It is becoming increasingly clear that the final common pathogenetic pathway for the development of ischemic acute renal failure is renal tubular cell injury.1,2 Acute renal failure developing from an ischemic insult occurs from tubular cell injury that produces segmental necrosis in renal tubules, so that a patchy distribution of frankly necrotic lesions appears to be the rule rather than the exception in the pathology of acute renal failure.3 The segmental, patchy renal tubular cell necrosis initiates a variety of factors responsible at the nephronal level for excretory failure of the kidney. These factors include intratubular obstruction, backleak of glomerular filtrate, and glomerular hemodynamic alterations. Ultimately, the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute tubular necrosis resides in the understanding of the biochemical alterations responsible for renal tubular cell injury. In this regard, declines in levels of high energy phosphates within the cell, alterations in cellular calcium metabolism, and degradation of membrane phospholipids appear to be metabolic derangements induced by ischemia critical in the evolution of cell injury.
Does moisturizing the skin equate with barrier repair therapy

Current guidelines recommend the use of anti-inflammatory agents along with moisturizers for the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) 1. This approach is prudent, since co-applications of moisturizers under nursing supervision reduce reliance upon topical steroids in AD management 2, 3. Yet, some commonly employed moisturizers could harm the skin, if deployed in settings where the barrier already is compromised 3, as in AD. Here, we will compare the key differences between ubiquitous, over-the-counter moisturizers and preparations formulated specifically to correct the biochemical abnormalities in AD. We often refer to the latter approach as ‘pathogenesis-based therapy’, a paradigm that has been deployed successfully in the treatment of certain ichthyoses (e.g.;4, 5).
An Innovative 3D Adaptive Patient-Related Atlas for Automatic Segmentation of Retina Layers from Oct Images

This paper introduces a 3D segmentation approach using an adaptive patient-specific retinal atlas and an appearance model for 3D Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data. In order to reconstruct the 3D patient-specific retinal atlas, we started by segmenting the macula central area where the fovea is clearly identified in the data to be segmented. The segmentation of this selected foveal area inside the retina is accomplished by using joint Markov Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) integrating shape, intensity, and spatial information of 12 retinal layers. A 2D shape prior was built using a series of co-registered training OCT images that were collected from 200 different subjects. The shape prior was then adapted to the first order appearance and second order spatial interaction MGRF model of the data to be segmented. Once the middle of the macula “foveal area” had been segmented, its segmented layers' labels and their appearances were used to segment the adjacent slices. The previous step was propagated until the complete 3D OCT patient-data was segmented. The proposed approach was tested on 30 different subjects, with either normal or pathological OCT scans, and then compared with a delineated ground truth and the results were then verified by retina specialists. Performance was measured using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), agreement coefficient (AC), and average deviation (AD) metrics. The accuracy achieved by the segmentation approach clearly demonstrates the promise of the proposed segmentation approach and shows improvement over a state-of-the-art 3D OCT segmentation approach currently in use.
A Stochastic-Volatility Model for Pricing Power Variants of Exchange Options

In this article, we present a model with jumps and stochastic volatility, based on two correlated variance-gamma processes combined with an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with gamma innovations. Our objective is to analyze pricing methods for a European-style equity option to exchange one stock for another, as well as two important classes of its variants that raise the stock prices and the standard option payoff, respectively, to certain powers. These option variants are particularly useful in adjusting the risk level of exchange options and can also be viewed as generalizations of traditional power-type options. The pricing formulas are obtained under risk neutrality in terms of characteristic functions and are thus independent from the model distribution. Numerical results are given for illustrating the efficiency of the presented formulas along with various advantages of the proposed stochastic-volatility model.
The impact of non-HLA antibodies on outcomes after lung transplantation and implications for therapeutic approaches.

Abstract The role of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to mismatched human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in lung allograft rejection has been recognized over the past 20 years. During this time, there has been growing experience and recognition of an important role for non-HLA antibodies in lung allograft rejection. Multiple self-antigens have been identified that elicit autoimmune responses including collagen V, K-α 1 tubulin, angiotensin type 1 receptor, and endothelin type A receptor, but it is likely that other antigens elicit similar responses. The paradigm for the pathogenesis of these autoimmune responses consists of exposure of sequestered self-antigens followed by loss of peripheral tolerance, which then promotes allograft rejection. Studies have focused mainly on the impact of autoimmune responses on the development of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome or its mouse model surrogate. However, there are emerging data that illustrate that non-HLA antibodies can induce acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after lung transplantation. Treatment has focused on antibody-depletion protocols, but experience is limited to cohort studies and appropriate controlled trials have not been conducted. It is noteworthy that depletion of non-HLA antibodies has been associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Clearly, additional studies are needed to identify the optimal therapeutic approaches to non-HLA antibodies in clinical practice.
Assessment of Conformational State Transitions of Class B GPCRs Using Molecular Dynamics.

Class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a family of 15 peptide-binding members, which are crucial targets for endocrine, metabolic, and stress-related disorders. While their protein structures and dynamics remain largely unclear, computer modeling and simulations represent a promising means to help solve such puzzles. Herein, we present a basic introduction to the methodology of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and two analytical methods to assess the conformational ensembles and transitions of Class B GPCRs, using our recent studies of the human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PAC1) receptor as an example. From long MD simulations, conformational ensembles with different roles in ligand binding and receptor activation are sampled to establish four states identified as either “open” or “closed” for the PAC1 receptor. Next, the dynamical network can be applied to analyze the simulations and identify key features within each conformational ensemble, which help distinguish the ligand-bound states of the PAC1 receptor from the ligand-free one. Further, the Markov State Model has emerged as a key approach to construct the transition network and connect the GPCR ensembles, providing detailed information for the transition pathways and kinetics. For the ligand-free PAC1 receptor, the transitions within the closed states are near 10–30 times faster than the open-closed transitions, which is likely related to the activation mechanism of the receptor. Overall, long MD simulations and analyses are useful to assess conformational transitions for the Class B GPCRs and to gain mechanistic insight, which is difficult to obtain using other methods.
Extremism in the Electoral Arena: Challenging the Myth of American Exceptionalism

Abstract: This Article explores the limitations that the American electoral system imposes upon extremist parties and candidates. Its thesis is that extremists, and particularly anti-liberal extremists, are excluded from the American electoral arena through a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms. This claim challenges the crucial premise of American constitutional theory that the free speech doctrine is a distinct area of "American exceptionalism." That theory posits that the American strict adherence to viewpoint neutrality, the strong emphasis upon the "dissenter," and the freedom granted to extremist speakers is exceptional among liberal democracies. The Article argues that once we focus upon the electoral arena as a distinct arena, we discover that in this domain of core political expression, dissenting extremists are marginalized and blocked and their viewpoints are not represented. The Article demonstrates how various structural elements which characterize the American electoral system create an insurmountable barrier for extremist parties and drive them out of the electoral system. Some of these elements have been created intentionally to impede extremist political parties. In addition, the Article analyzes several federal court decisions that appear to play a crucial role in sealing the fate of these extremists by endorsing the right of the major parties to exclude extremists from the parties in the name of preserving the party's "right to define itself." The Article concludes with an examination of the various implications of this analysis. It compares the American approach to extremism in the electoral arena with the approach adopted in other democracies, and then the Article reflects upon the lessons that can be drawn for relevant issues in American electoral law. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1369 II. BACKGROUND 1372 III. EXTREMIST SPEECH OUTSIDE OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM 1374 IV. EXTREMISM IN THE ELECTORAL ARENA 1376 A. The Electoral System 1376 B. State Electoral Laws 1383 1. Ballot access laws 1384 2. Anti-fusion laws 1386 3. Resulting effect 1388 V. INTENTIONAL USE OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES 1391 A. Ballot Access Laws 1393 B. First-Past-the-Post 1396 C. Conclusion 1398 VI. EXCLUSION OF EXTREMISTS FROM MAJOR PARTIES 1399 A. The "Big Tent" Party 1399 B . Exclusion of Extremists from Major Parties 1401 1. David Duke 1402 2. Lyndon LaRouche 1406 3. Frazier Glenn Miller 1409 C. What Type of Extremists Are Excluded? 1410 D. Conclusion: The American Banning System 1413 VII. IMPLICATIONS 1416 A. Comparison Between the American Banning Regime and Formal Banning Regimes 1417 B. Examining the Exclusion of Extremists from Major Parties …
Abstract 4623: Notch3 in lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis and heterogeneity

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Non-small lung cancer accounts for 85% of diagnoses and the predominant subtype is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LUAD has a less than 20% response rate to conventional chemotherapy and despite identification of several therapeutic targets, the majority of diagnoses continue to lead to death, highlighting the need for better treatments. Notch signaling in mammals is complex, with multiple receptors, ligands and modifiers. Notch ligands at the surface of one cell interact with receptors on an adjacent cell, triggering cleavage and nuclear translocation of the intracellular domain which interacts with Rbpj/Csl to control the transcription of target genes. In LUAD, significant evidence suggests that Notch plays an oncogenic role. Previously, we identified a population of Tumor Propagating Cells (TPC), which had greater capacity for tumor formation and are enriched after treatment with cisplatin. The TPC population was defined by the expression of CD24, ITGB4 and was Notch high. Further functional validation showed that specifically Notch3 contributes to this propagation phenotype and is key in establishing functional intra-tumoral heterogeneity. However, the TPC population is still heterogeneous and likely only a subset of these cells are true TPCs. Furthermore, the gene expression signature of the mouse TPCs has prognostic significance in human LUAD, however the TPC population hasn’t been defined in human patients, limiting our ability to target the Notch pathway therapeutically. To assess the heterogeneity of the mouse TPC population we performed FACS on tumors from KrasLSLG12D; Tp53flox/flox; YFPLSL twelve weeks after tumor initiation via AdCre. Tumors were sorted for bulk population (YFP+Lin-) and for TPC (YFP+Lin-CD24+ITGB4+Notchhi) population and single cell sequencing was performed using the 10X genomics platform. We hypothesize that aberrant Notch3 signaling is a critical pathway for survival in at least some LUAD and that Notch activation leads to gene expression changes that are important for driving human LUAD maintenance. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) more closely recapitulate important aspects of human cancer, particularly with regards to the role of intratumoral heterogeneity and self-renewal pathways. To characterize Notch3 expressing cells in human LUAD, we performed FACS on our cohort of LUAD PDXs and sorted the Notch3+ population. We found expression of Notch3 and expression of Notch ligand Jagged2 in all LUAD tumors regardless of driver mutation. Citation Format: Kieren D. Marini, Stanley Leung, Alex Lee, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Notch3 in lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis and heterogeneity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4623.
Center of mass and Kähler structures

In this short note we introduce a new center of mass argument on the space of complex structures on any tangent space of a Riemannian manifold. We use this to show there is a universal positive constant, depending only on the dimension of the manifold, according to which an almost hermitian manifold is Kahler if and only if the holonomy action, induced on the space of complex structures at a point, is preserved up to error given by this constant.
Automatic Grasping Using Tactile Sensing and Deep Calibration

Tactile perception is an essential ability of intelligent robots in interaction with their surrounding environments. This perception as an intermediate level acts between sensation and action and has to be defined properly to generate suitable action in response to sensed data. In this paper, we propose a feedback approach to address robot grasping task using force-torque tactile sensing. While visual perception is an essential part for gross reaching, constant utilization of this sensing modality can negatively affect the grasping process with overwhelming computation. In such case, human being utilizes tactile sensing to interact with objects. Inspired by, the proposed approach is presented and evaluated on a real robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested framework. Moreover, we utilize a deep learning framework called Deep Calibration in order to eliminate the effect of bias in the collected data from the robot sensors.
Optimization of Seebeck coefficients of strain-symmetrized semiconductor heterostructures

A nonmonotonic thermopower (S) as a function of the carrier concentration (ne) has been reported for III–V semiconductor superlattices (SLs), deviating from the Pisarenko relation. However, | S | has been shown to decrease with increasing ne in n-type Si/Ge heterostructures, the widely used systems for numerous applications. Here, we illustrate that S of a SinGem SL, with n Si and m Ge monolayers, can deviate from the Pisarenko relation depending on the period and the composition; for example, oscillations of S of a Si12Ge12 SL reach a peak | S | = 540 μV/K at n e = 1.3 × 10 20 cm−3, 5.4 times higher than that of bulk Si at the same doping level. Additionally, S shows an interesting sign-change nature at certain carrier concentrations. We demonstrate the direct relationship between the electronic structure and S of strain-symmetrized Si/Ge SLs using two independent modeling approaches. We anticipate that this relationship will provide insight into fully exploiting S as a tool to control electronic properties of Si/Ge heterostructures as well as future technology-enabling materials. Furthermore, we expect that this analysis will encourage future investigations to enhance thermoelectric properties of a broad class of semiconductor SLs in the high-doping regime.A nonmonotonic thermopower (S) as a function of the carrier concentration (ne) has been reported for III–V semiconductor superlattices (SLs), deviating from the Pisarenko relation. However, | S | has been shown to decrease with increasing ne in n-type Si/Ge heterostructures, the widely used systems for numerous applications. Here, we illustrate that S of a SinGem SL, with n Si and m Ge monolayers, can deviate from the Pisarenko relation depending on the period and the composition; for example, oscillations of S of a Si12Ge12 SL reach a peak | S | = 540 μV/K at n e = 1.3 × 10 20 cm−3, 5.4 times higher than that of bulk Si at the same doping level. Additionally, S shows an interesting sign-change nature at certain carrier concentrations. We demonstrate the direct relationship between the electronic structure and S of strain-symmetrized Si/Ge SLs using two independent modeling approaches. We anticipate that this relationship will provide insight into fully exploiting S as a tool to control ele...
Relational Pedagogies of Disability: Cognitive Accessibility in College Classrooms

In Mad at School, Margaret Price explores many avenues for addressing issues of mental disability and access within critical pedagogy. Specifically, Price suggests that college instructors be mindful of the power dynamics embedded not only in formal assignments, tests, and lectures, but also of informal academic environments, in the “kairotic spaces” such as small-group, online, or class discussions; conference meetings between student and faculty; peer-review interactions; and informal gatherings. This chapter engages directly with Price’s call to think more critically about addressing mental health accessibility issues in formal and informal academic environments. Drawing upon qualitative interviews with students with learning, cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disabilities, this chapter engages with specific barriers to participation, as well as strategies for success and insights for greater accessibility in higher education classrooms. Using student voices as a starting point, the authors draw upon universal design principles and disability studies pedagogy to map out relational approaches to teaching and learning.
The Role of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In this essay, the authors discuss potential clinical roles for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic that would benefit patient care and potentially help to prevent workforce shortages.
Di-Hadrons and Polarized Λ’s as Novel Probes of the Nucleon Structure

Considering final states with additional degrees of freedom, such as relative orbital angular momentum or polarization, allows a more targeted access to properties of the nucleon structure then would be possible using only single, spinless, hadrons like pions or kaons. This contribution discusses recent results and future opportunities using di-hadron correlations and polarized Λ production.
Abstract B04: Molecular correlates of the non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Immunotherapy confers clinical benefit in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, only a fraction of patients respond. The non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment is associated with lack of response, and tumor-intrinsic molecular signaling pathways may be critical drivers of immune exclusion. Therefore, understanding correlations between T-cell inflammation and mutated or activated oncogenic pathways may inform combination immunotherapy approaches. Methods: RNAseq, somatic mutations, and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for 484 HNSCC patients (88 HPV-positive, 396 HPV-negative). Gene expression was used to segregate tumors into non-T cell-inflamed, T cell-inflamed, or intermediate groups and genes more frequently mutated in non-T cell-inflamed versus inflamed (or vice versa) were identified. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were detected by limma voom with precision weights. Pathway activation was identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® (IPA). Association between molecular markers and patients’ overall survival (OS) was tested using Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Results: 132 (27%) and 183 (38%) tumors were categorized into the non-T cell-inflamed and inflamed group, respectively, with the rest intermediate. Survival analysis revealed that among age, sex, tumor grade, and HPV status, age was the strongest prognostic factor (p=0.003), with older patients showing a decreased 5-year survival. The absence of a T cell-inflamed signature was significantly associated with poorer prognosis within patients ≤65 years of age (p=0.03, HR=1.18) and remained significant after adjusting for covariates such as HPV status. This association was not observed in older patients. Comparison of somatic mutational profiles between the non-T cell-inflamed and inflamed groups identified top mutated genes enriched (TP53, COL11A1, NSD1) and depleted (CASP8) in noninflamed relative to inflamed (FDR-corrected p Conclusions: A discrete list of oncogenes, some with known targeted therapies, associates with immune exclusion, suggesting rational immunotherapy combinations to overcome non-T cell-inflamed tumors in HNSCC. Citation Format: Riyue Bao, Jason J. Luke. Molecular correlates of the non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr B04.
Denosumab No Better than Bisphosphonates for Preventing Fracture, and the Cost Is Much Higher.

This study found no difference in long-term patient-oriented outcomes between human and analogue insulins in adults with type 2 diabetes.