cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors in polydrug users on methadone maintenance

We examined the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on risk behaviors for transmission of blood-borne diseases in polydrug users who had tested positive or negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV). At intake, HCV-positive participants (n=362) engaged in more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors (as measured by the HIV Risk-Taking Behavior Scale) than HCV-negative participants (n=297; p< .001). This difference was specific to injection-related behaviors and decreased significantly within the first few weeks of MMT (p< .0001). Where needles continued to be used, HCV-positive participants became more likely over time to engage in safer injecting practices. Furthermore, HCV-positive participants became more likely to use condoms than HCV-negative participants. These findings demonstrate that both drug- and sex-related risk behaviors decrease during MMT and emphasize the benefits of methadone programs for public health and HIV/HCV prevention.
A multiple-case study investigation of the discontinuation of nine chat reference services

Using the multiple-case study method, this research investigates reasons why nine virtual reference (chat) services have been discontinued. The investigation of these five academic, one public, and three consortial chat services was conducted through structured e-mail and telephone interviews with the library decision makers and analysis of available reports and documents. The major reason for discontinuation was funding problems, followed by low volume (including low volume by target audience). Other reasons were staffing problems, technical problems, and institutional culture issues. Staffing issues included the need for comfortable staffing patterns, maintenance of sufficient volume to maintain proficiency, and cultivation of positive attitudes. Technical problems centered on software malfunctions and connectivity difficulties. Within two of the consortia, different patterns of funding, staffing, and mission posed difficulties for blended cultures that caused the consortia to break up. Despite all these issues, the possibility of restarting chat services, perhaps in consortia or with simpler chat software, exists for all services, with two services desiring to restart when funds and reorganization permit.
The stress dependence of the subgrain size in aluminium

Etch-pit (EP) technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to investigate the subgrain size, δ, as a function of applied shear stress, τ, during high-temperature creep of aluminium. Examination of thin foils, prepared from deformed specimens, in the electron microscope shows the presence of very large equiaxed sub-grains that approximate those observed in etch-pit photographs. By measuring the average subgrain size from transmission micrographs of representative areas of the foils, two observations are made. First, the average subgrain size is smaller than that determined from etch-pit procedure, but exhibits the same stress dependence: δ/b ∝ (τ/G)− where b is the Burgers vector and G is the shear modulus. Second, the TEM subgrain size data of aluminium and those of other metals and alloys, when plotted in the normalized form of δτ/Gb against γ/Gb on a logarithmic scale, where γ is the stacking-fault energy of the material, fall within a narrow, horizontal band, confirming earlier reports that the subgrain size is insensitive to stacking-fault energy.
Do as I Say, Not as You Perceive: Examining the Roles of Perceived Parental Knowledge and Perceived Parental Approval in College Students’ Alcohol-Related Approval and Behavior

SYNOPSIS Objective. This study examined college students’ accuracy in their perceptions of parental approval of engaging in various alcohol-related behaviors, evaluated the mediational role of student approval in the relation between perceived parental knowledge and drinking, and determined the extent to which perceived parental approval moderated the relation between perceived parental knowledge and student approval. Design. Participants were 264 college student–parent dyads who completed independent online surveys. Results. Students overestimated parental approval of the child drinking, and parents were more approving of a “typical student” drinking than they were of their own child drinking. Student approval mediated the relation between perceived parental knowledge and student drinking, controlling for other relevant predictors. Perceived parental approval moderated the relation between perceived parental knowledge and student approval, controlling for other notable predictors. Conclusion. Parents con...
Complement component C1q induces endothelial cell adhesion and spreading through a docking/signaling partnership of C1q receptors and integrins.

Abstract The interaction of C1q with endothelial cells elicits a multiplicity of biologic responses. Although these specific responses are thought to be mediated by the interaction of C1q with proteins of the endothelial cell surface, the molecular identity of the participant(s) has not been clearly defined. In this study, we examined the role of two C1q-binding proteins, cC1q-R/CR and gC1q-R/p33, on C1q-mediated adhesion and spreading of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs). A specific and dose-dependent adhesion and spreading was observed when HDMVECs were cultured in microtiter plate wells coated with concentrations of C1q ranging from 0 to 50 μg/ml. The extent of adhesion and spreading was similar to the adhesion seen on collagen-coated wells. Furthermore, the effect of C1q was mimicked by either polyclonal anti-cC1q-R or mAb 60.11, but not with isotype- and species-matched control IgG. More importantly, however, a 100% inhibition of spreading but not adhesion to C1q-coated wells was observed when HDMVECs were cultured in the presence of 30 mM of the peptide GRRGDSP but not GRRGESP. Furthermore, while anti-β1 integrin antibody blocked adhesion and spreading, antiα5 integrin only blocked spreading. Since earlier studies have shown that zinc induces the exposure of hydrophobic sites in the C-terminus of gC1q-R including the putative high-molecular weight kininogen (HK)-binding site corresponding to residues 204–218, we also examined the effect of zinc on antibody binding to cell surface gC1q-R. Flow cytometric data show that the binding of mAb 74.5.2, which recognizes residues 204–218, is greatly enhanced when endothelial cells were incubated in the presence of 50 μM zinc. In summary, our data show that: (a) C1q-mediated endothelial cell adhesion and spreading requires the cooperation of both C1q receptors and 1 integrins, and possibly other membrane-spanning molecules, and (b) zinc can induce the exposure of hydrophobic sites in the C-terminal domain of gC1q-R allowing a more efficient binding of mAb 74.5.2 and HK.
Characteristics, therapies, and factors influencing outcomes of hospitalized hypernatremic geriatric patients

Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte disorder associated with adverse outcomes such as increased length of stay and mortality due to a variety of factors. Our aim was to investigate known factors as well as other variables which we had identified in hospitalized hypernatremic geriatric patients and their relationship to patient outcomes. A retrospective chart review of all adult hospitalized patients in a 4-month period with a serum sodium level >150 mmol/L was performed. Factors evaluated included use of a nephrology consultation, certain urine laboratory measures, fluids employed, rate of correction, and patient’s level of care setting. Outcome measures included length of stay and mortality. The patient mortality rate was 52 %. Mean age was 79.6 years (n = 33), and mean initial sodium level was 152.6 mmol/L. Plasma and urine osmolality, and urine sodium concentration were checked in less than 25 % of patients. Fifteen of 18 patients in the ICU expired, whereas only 2 of 15 patients not in the ICU expired (p 3 days, but this difference did not affect mortality rate (45 vs. 50 %, p = 0.99). The mortality rate was similar (60 %, p = 0.52) for those whose serum sodium level never corrected suggesting that correction did not influence outcomes. The fluids chosen for therapy of the hypernatremia were appropriate to the patients volume status. Five of 15 patients who received a nephrology consultation survived, while 11 of 18 patients without a nephrology consultation survived (p = 0.12). The mean length of stay was 25.0 ± 23.9 days and no different for those who expired versus those who survived (25.2 ± 21.2 vs. 24.8 ± 25.9 days, p = 0.96). Hypernatremia is associated with a poor prognosis, and outcomes are still disappointing despite appropriate rates of correction, intensive monitoring, and the involvement of a nephrologist. Strategies directed at avoidance of the development of hypernatremia and attention to concomitant disease may provide significant patient benefit.
Clinical Judgment and Decision Making

When clinical psychologists make judgments, are they likely to be correct or incorrect? The following topics are reviewed: (a) methodological advances in evaluating the validity of descriptions of personality and psychopathology, (b) recent findings on the cognitive processes of clinicians, and (c) the validity of judgments and utility of decisions made by mental health professionals. Results from research on clinical judgment and decision making and their relationship to conflicts within the field of clinical psychology are discussed.
Measurement of Pressures in Man by Cardiac Catheters

Relationships between artefacts in recorded intracardiac pulses and the dynamic response and susceptibility of catheter-manometer systems to artefacts caused by motion of the catheter were investigated. Sine-wave motions of the catheter, resembling motion frequently seen when the catheter is in the pulmonary artery, produce sine-wave pressure variations with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 10 mm. Hg. Square-wave motions (impacts) produce high-frequency pressure variations, greatest (10 to 200 mm. Hg) when directed along the axis and much less when perpendicular to the axis of the catheter. High-fidelity records of pressure by conventional cardiac catheter-manometer systems are most unlikely when such catheters are threaded through the beating heart.
Comparative histomorphology of intrinsic vibrissa musculature among primates: implications for the evolution of sensory ecology and “face touch”

Macrovibrissae are specialized tactile sensory hairs present in most mammalian orders, used in maxillary mechanoreception or "face touch." Some mammals have highly organized vibrissae and are able to "whisk" them. Movement of vibrissae is influenced by intrinsic vibrissa musculature, striated muscle bands that attach directly to the vibrissa capsule. It is unclear if primates have organized vibrissae or intrinsic vibrissa musculature and it is uncertain if they can move their vibrissae. The present study used histomorphological techniques to compare vibrissae among 19 primates and seven non-primate mammalian taxa. Upper lips of these mammals were sectioned and processed for histochemical analysis. While controlling for phylogenetic effects the following hypotheses were tested: 1) mammals with well-organized vibrissae possess intrinsic vibrissa musculature and 2) intrinsic vibrissa musculature is best developed in nocturnal, arboreal taxa. Our qualitative analyses show that only arboreal, nocturnal prosimians possess intrinsic musculature. Not all taxa that possessed organized vibrissae had intrinsic vibrissa musculature. Phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed a 70% probability that stem mammals, primates, and haplorhines possessed intrinsic vibrissa musculature and well-organized vibrissae. These two traits most likely coevolved according to a discrete phylogenetic analysis. These results indicate that nocturnal, arboreal primates have the potential to more actively use their vibrissae in spatial recognition and navigation tasks than diurnal, more terrestrial species, but there is a clear phylogenetic signal involved in the evolution of primate vibrissae and "face touch."
Genes Encoding Drosophila melanogaster RNA Polymerase II General Transcription Factors Diversity in Tfiia and Tfiid Components Contributes to Gene-Specific Transcriptional Regulation

How have the factors required for transcription initiation (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, and RNA polymerase II [pol II]) evolved to accommodate the elaborate transcriptional programs required for growth, differentiation, and development of multicellular organisms? Here we present
Bispectral analysis during deep sedation of pediatric oral surgery patients

Purpose Bispectral (BIS) analysis uses electroencephalogram information from a forehead electrode to calculate an index score (0 to 100; 0 = coma; 90 to 100 = awake). This index score correlates with the level of alertness in anesthetized patients. Classically, sedation has been monitored with clinical sedation scales such as the Observer’s Assessment of Alertness Sedation Scale (OAA/S), Modified Ramsey Scale, or a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Our objective was to determine the correlation between clinical sedation scales and BIS index in pediatric patients undergoing sedation in an outpatient oral surgery setting. Materials and methods Prospective cohort study of patients aged 2 to 17 years undergoing sedation in an outpatient oral surgery office. Sedation was performed in the customary manner with the addition of BIS monitoring. Three clinical sedation scores (OAA/S: 5 to 1; 5 = awake, 1 = unresponsive; Modified Ramsey: 1 to 6; 1–2 = awake, 6 = unresponsive; VAS: 0 to 10; 0 = awake, 10 = unresponsive) were assigned every 5 minutes by an investigator blinded to the BIS index. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures linear regression model. Results Sixteen subjects undergoing oral surgery, ages 4.5 years to 17 years, were enrolled, mean age 12.6 years ± 4.3 years (standard deviation). Patients received methohexital in addition to 1 or more of the following: nitrous oxide, fentanyl, or midazolam. The results of the longitudinal regression analysis showed a highly significant association between the sedation scales and the BIS index. Conclusion The BIS monitor may be a useful adjunct in monitoring pediatric patients receiving sedation in the outpatient setting.
Regional Variation in Cardiac Myosin Isoforms of Female F344 Rats During Aging

Myosin heavy chain (MHC) is a major contractile protein of heart muscle consisting of two isoforms in the rat, alpha-MHC that predominates in the hearts of young rats, and beta-MHC that progressively replaces it as the rats age. It was hypothesized that the magnitude of the age-associated decrease in the proportion of cardiac alpha-MHC would be similar in regions of the heart that differed in their initial MHC isoform pattern. MHCs from hearts of female Fischer 344 rats 3, 9, 15, 18, 24, and 27 months of age were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis. Hypertrophy was assessed by indexing regional heart mass to tibial length From 9 through 27 months of age, hypertrophy was 19% and 77% in the left ventricle and left atrial appendage, respectively. There was no significant hypertrophy in either the right ventricular free wall or the right atrial appendage. The proportion of alpha-myosin heavy chain ranged from 86 +/- 1.3% (mean +/- SE) in the right ventricular free wall to 62 +/- 5.8% in left ventricular papillary muscle of 9-month-old rats. In 27-month-old rats, it ranged from 59 +/- 2.7% in the right ventricular free wall to 20 +/- 3.1% in the left ventricular papillary muscle. There was a marked age-associated decrease in the proportion of alpha-myosin heavy chain overall (p <.001) that did not differ significantly among the regions studied (p = .109). These results suggest that the effects of advancing age on the cardiac MHC pattern are independent of age-associated hypertrophy.
Systematic review of teleneurology: methodology.

Background: The use of two-way audio-visual (AV) technology for delivery of acute stroke is supported by a well established literature base. The use of telemedicine for general neurologic consultation has been reported across most subspecialties within the field, but a comprehensive systematic review of these reports is lacking. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the published literature on teleneurologic consultation beyond stroke. Data Sources: Databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched with keywords, “teleneurology” and numerous synonyms and cross-referenced with neurology subspecialties. The search yielded 6,615 potentially eligible hits, which were independently reviewed by two investigators. Ultimately 375 unique studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Study Selection: Studies were included if the title or abstract expressed use of two-way AV communication for a clinical neurologic indication other than stroke. Data Extraction: Each article was classified using a novel scoring rubric to assess the level of functionality, application, technology, and evaluative stage (FATE). Data Analysis: Articles were hierarchized within a subspecialty category. Overall subspecialty scores were assigned based on aggregate of scores across papers in each category. Conclusions: Use of telemedicine for general and most subspecialty neurologic consultation, beyond stroke, appears very promising but the clinical science is nascent.
INSTRUCTION AND ACADEMIC SUPPORT EXPENDITURES: AN INVESTMENT IN RETENTION AND GRADUATION

A long-standing concern of many colleges and universities are low persistence and graduation rates. This study examined how institutions can affect, and potentially improve, persistence and graduat...
Evolution and function of the p35 family of apoptosis inhibitors

Apoptosis is a common cellular response to virus infection. However, many viruses have evolved strategies, such as the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, to combat this response. One such family of anti-apoptotic viral proteins is the p35 family of caspase inhibitors, which are expressed by certain insect viruses. Expression of p35 prevents the host cell from undergoing apoptosis, thereby allowing for propagation of the virus. p35 family members are potent inhibitors of caspases. Members of the family fall into one of three groups that inhibit different classes of caspases. Since the discovery of the first p35 gene in 1991, the anti-apoptotic function of this protein family has been studied extensively. This unique type of protease inhibitor has proven to be extremely useful in the study of apoptosis in experimental settings ranging from nematodes to mammals.
Physical Properties of an Illitic Clay Due to Specific Base-Exchange Cations

An illitic clay from Grundy County, Illinois, was fractionated at 5μ. The base-exchange cations of the < 5μ fraction were exchanged for Ca++, Mg++, Na+, and NH4+ cations to study the changes in physical properties due to specific base-exchange cations. Studies on water of hydration, bulk density of dry-pressed clay, viscosity, and fired properties showed that the base-exchange cation had a definite effect on the physical properties of the clays studied.
Mesoporous Microspheres of Pt and Pt ∕ Ru Formed by Electrodeposition: Characterization of High Surface Area

Electroplated mesoporous microspheres of Pt and Pt/Ru have been characterized at various stages of growth by scanning electron microscopy, surface area analysis, and for Pt/Ru, methanol, and CO oxidation response. Microscopy has indicated random, distributed sphere growth throughout the bulk of a carbon black film serving as a host matrix. The structures generally appeared to nucleate within the carbon film early and grew in diameter as deposition progressed, retaining a spherical morphology. Hydrogen adsorption/desorption on Pt samples indicated specific surface areas in excess of 45 m 2 /g, while carbon monoxide stripping on Pt/Ru samples indicated specific areas over 70 m 2 /g. Methanol oxidation and CO oxidation response is presented for Pt/Ru deposits that showed a slight enhancement in activity at lower loadings, i.e., smaller particle sizes.
Synchronous technologies for online teaching

In this short paper, five different interactive technologies used to teach courses synchronously online will be showcased and demonstrated. These five technologies are Polycom PVX, Horizon Wimba Virtual Classroom, MediaSite, SharedView, and Skype. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies will be discussed. This presentation will promote global education and will introduce opportunities for educators to maintain the interaction in the classroom while providing an option for the students to take classes online.
Circulating Fetal Cell-Free DNA Fractions Differ in Autosomal Aneuploidies and Monosomy X

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive prenatal testing based on massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has become rapidly integrated into clinical practice for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidy. We directly determined the fetal fraction (FF) from results obtained with MPS tag counting and examined the relationships of FF to such biological parameters as fetal karyotype and maternal demographics. METHODS: FF was determined from samples previously collected for the MELISSA (Maternal Blood Is Source to Accurately Diagnose Fetal Aneuploidy) study. Samples were resequenced, analyzed blindly, and aligned to the human genome (assembly hg19). FF was calculated in pregnancies with male or aneuploid fetuses by means of an equation that incorporated the ratio of the tags in these samples to those of a euploid training set. RESULTS: The mean (SD) FF from euploid male pregnancies was 0.126 (0.052) (n = 160). Weak but statistically significant correlations were found between FF and the maternal body mass index ( r 2 = 0.18; P = 2.3 × 10−8) and between FF and gestational age ( r 2 = 0.02; P = 0.047). No relationship with maternal ethnicity or age was observed. Mean FF values for trisomies 21 (n = 90), 18 (n = 38), and 13 (n = 16) and for monosomy X (n = 20) were 0.135 (0.051), 0.089 (0.039), 0.090 (0.062), and 0.106 (0.045), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MPS tag-count data can be used to determine FF directly and accurately. Compared with male euploid fetuses, the FF is higher in maternal plasma when the fetus has trisomy 21 and is lower when the fetus has trisomy 18, 13, or monosomy X. The different biologies of these aneuploidies have practical implications for the determination of cutoff values, which in turn will affect the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Large-Scale Heat and Moisture Budgets over the ASTEX Region

Abstract Rawinsonde data collected from the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) were used to investigate the mean and temporal characteristics of large-scale heat and moisture budgets for a 2-week period in June 1992. During this period a large apparent heat sink and an apparent moisture source were observed near inversion base. Analyses from other budget studies show that similar convective signatures occur in a wide variety of regimes when trade wind–type inversions are present. In the lowest kilometer the vertical eddy flux of moist static energy over the ASTEX domain (centered at 33°N with an average sea surface temperature of 19.4°C) is about 60% of that observed in the undisturbed trade wind regime of BOMEX (centered at 15°N with an average sea surface temperature of 28.1°C). The apparent heat source, apparent moisture sink, and convective flux of moist static energy over ASTEX were strongly modulated on a synoptic timescale by the passage of fronts and by fluctuations in the subsid...
Decreased mass specific respiration under experimental warming is robust to the microbial biomass method employed

Hartley et al. question whether reduction in Rmass, under experimental warming, arises because of the biomass method. We show the method they treat as independent yields the same result. We describe why the substrate-depletion hypothesis may not solely explain observed responses, and urge caution in interpretation of the seasonal data.
Sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: the autonomic link.

The intuitive and postulated links ([1,2][1]) between the established association of obstructive sleep apnea with atrial fibrillation (AF) are hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, and the resultant long-term atrial remodeling ([3–6][2]). However, studies suggest that the relationship between sleep
Effect of placental lactogenic hormone on glycine-1-C14 incorporation into liver protein of the rat

Human placental lactogenic hormone (HPL) was shown to increase the incorporation of glycine-1-C 14 into liver protein of the rat. This effect is comparable to the influence of pregnancy on amino acid incorporation by the liver. The experimental data are discussed in terms of the anabolic effect of pregnancy on nitrogen metabolism.
The α-cluster hypernuclei 5ΛHe, 6ΛΛHe, 9ΛBe, 10ΛΛBe and hypernuclear interactions

Variational calculations for 6ΛΛHe, 9ΛBe and 10ΛΛBe have been made with nαα-nΛΛ cluster models. Various αΛ potentials are considered, all of which reproduce BΛ(5ΛHe). Some of the VαΛ are obtained from an αΛ model by a folding procedure using effective ΛN and ΛNN forces; realistic VαΛ are also obtained from 4N-Λ Monte Carlo variational calculations of 5ΛHe. These MC VαΛ include many-body effects which give a central hump even with only Λ N forces. 9ΛBe is overbound by about one MeV with realistic αα and αΛ potentials, even with reasonable estimates of ΛN exchange effects which give a reduction ≅0.5 MeV. Repulsive ΛNN forces which can account for the overbinding of 5ΛHe give rise to a repulsive ααΛ potential which brings the calculated BΛ(9ΛBe) into good agreement with the experimental energy. The ΛΛ interaction strengths are obtained from 6ΛΛHe and 10ΛΛBe for a number of ΛΛ potential shapes. The strengths obtained from 10ΛΛBe underbind 6ΛΛHe by more than one MeV for all our ΛΛ and αΛ potentials. The ΛΛ interaction obtained from the well established ΛΛ10Be event is found to be quite strongly attractive, comparable to the 1S0 NN interaction without OPE, with correspondingly large negative ΛΛ scattering lengths of ≅ −4 to −5 fm.
Comity and our Federalism in the Twenty-First Century: The Abstention Doctrines Will Always be with Us - Get over It

In the United States we are blessed or cursed with a legal system that contemplates parallel judicial processes. Abstention doctrine cases reflect complex considerations designed to avoid friction between federal and state courts and help to preserve the balance between state and federal sovereignty. This constitutional balance, often referred to as federalism or comity, is needed for many reasons.The author believes that abstention doctrines are critical to the workings of state and federal courts. He argues that we need abstention in our parallel system of courts for the times that the interests of various states must outweigh federal adjudications; which happens, although rarely. This article reviews the theories of the various classic abstention doctrines cases and their criticisms and then analyzes the abstention cases decided by the United States Courts of Appeals since the beginning of this new century in order to determine whether they follow the dictates of the classic abstention cases. This analysis reveals that in our parallel court system, comity and federalism demand that abstention doctrines remain intact. He concludes that twenty-first century federal courts recognize and implement the need or lack of a need for abstention very well on a case by case basis.
Compact X-ray Sources for Metrology Applications in the Semiconductor Industry

The semiconductor industry needs new metrology methods to continue their current path to next generation integrated circuits. X-ray-based methods hold great promise, but are too slow with commercial compact X-ray sources. Improvements of several orders of magnitude in brightness will enable these new metrology tools. We will discuss the measurements and the compact X-ray source requirements for semiconductor applications.
What Skills Will Future Engineering Graduates Need in Global Organizations

The globalization of the marketplace is rapidly transforming business organizations, the nature of the products they sell, product design teams, and the skills and knowledge required to operate effectively in this environment. These changes include global distribution of talent within international organizations, an increasing reliance on virtual collaboration in design teams, greater need to make usable products, and the rise of new markets in emerging economies which have very different needs from tradition markets. This paper discusses the additional knowledge and skills engineers will need to succeed in global organizations, how these skills may be introduced into curricula, and challenges in making these changes. While change is difficult, educational organizations that can do so rapidly will become leaders in future engineering education.© 2007 ASME
Alliance Partners’ Symmetry and Knowledge Flows

Strategic alliances have become popular organizational forms in the last two decades. Prior research suggests alliances promote knowledge sharing between the partners. The extent to which a firm ma...
Synthesis of Barium Ferrates in Oxygen.

Phase relations in the system BaO-Fe2O3-"FeO2" at 1 atm (1 atm = 1.013 × 105 N/m2) oxygen and between 800 to 1050 °C are shown in the vicinity (high Ba portion) of the 1:1 cation-cation ratio composition. A hexagonal BaTiO3-like phase, BaFeO3-X (a = 5.676A, c = 13.934A), exists below 960 °C. A perovskite-like phase BaFeO3-X' occurs between 960 and 1050 °C. Single-phase tetragonal perovskite can be obtained at room temperature by quenching compositions with Ba-Fe ratios of 67:66 (a = 3.985 A, c = 4.005 A, 1000 °C) and 27:26 (a = 3.988 A, c = 4.003 A, 1000 °C) from above 960 °C. At the 17:16 ratio, single phase cubic perovskite (a = 3.994 A, 1000 °C), can be synthesized. Influence of temperature, additions of barium, and use of Pt-containers on phase relations are discussed.
Strengthen Security Cognitive Concepts of Equipment Cleaning Staff in Supply Room

Objective To strengthen the concepts of safety and protection on equipment cleaning in supply room. Methods Through the analysis of risk factors at the time of cleansing, from goods classification to standard cleaning operation means, the awareness of staff that cleans equipments was improved. Results By amending cleaning ways and practising standard prevention, the dangers that equipment scavenger may cause to themselves in the work were decreased. Conclusion The safety control system can be perfected and the quality safety of medical apparatus is ensured and prevents the infectious disease in the hospital.
A Review of CIRED 2011 on Standardization Activities Regarding Electric Vehicles and Smart Grid

First a description is made of tutorial 4—standardization activities regarding the smart grid,electric vehicles,and charging stations,presented at the CIRED 2011.The tutorial focuses on the international standards of photovoltaic,wind power,smart meters,and electric vehicle charging infrastructures.The second part of the paper describes the main research topics and papers presented at session 1—network components of the conference,including asset management,distributed generation and electric vehicles access,the application of new materials in transformers,cables and overhead lines,as well as novel power electronic equipments.
On the nature of the plasmon drag effect

Light-matter momentum transfer in plasmonic materials is theoretically discussed in the framework of a plasmonic pressure mechanism taking into account nonequilibrium electron dynamics and the thermalization process. We show that our approach explains the experimentally observed relationship between the plasmon-related electromotive force and the absorption and allows one to correctly predict the magnitude of the plasmon drag electromotive force in flat metal films. We extend our theory to metal films with modulated profiles and show that the simple relationship between plasmonic energy and momentum transfer holds at relatively small amplitudes of height modulation and an approximation of laminar electron drift. The theoretical groundwork is laid for further investigations of shape-controlled plasmon drag in nanostructured metal.
Effect of cholera toxin on rabbit jejunal carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes.

Cholera enterotoxin is a well studied, remarkable polypeptide which causes intestinal secretion by increasing the mucosal concentration of cAMP. Little is known about the effect of cholera toxin on intestinal metabolism other than alterations of intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels. This study was designed to investigate the effect of cholera toxin on key enzymes mediating carbohydrate metabolism in rabbit jejunum. Biopsies of proximal jejunum were maintained for up to 12 hr in organ culture, and the effect of purified cholera toxin on mucosal cAMP, fructose diphosphatase, pyruvate kinase, and fructose diphosphate aldolase was examined. After exposure to 10 μg per ml of cholera toxin, mucosal cAMP increased significantly by 4 hr of incubation. Fructose diphosphatase activity, an enzyme unique to gluconeogenesis, also increased significantly after incubation with toxin. Pyruvate kinase, an enzyme unique to glycolysis, was reciprocally decreased after exposure to cholera toxin, whereas activity of fructose diphosphate aldolase, an enzyme which catalyzes a reversible reaction common to both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, remained unchanged. To further characterize the mechanism of these changes, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, was used instead of cholera toxin to increase cAMP. After incubation with 10-3 m theophylline, mucosal cAMP levels were noted to be increased within 15 min of exposure. Similar but more rapid alterations were noted in carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes after theophylline exposure when compared with cholera toxin. Fructose diphosphatase activity increased and pyruvate kinase activity was reciprocally decreased, whereas fructose diphosphate aldolase remained unchanged. We conclude that cholera enterotoxin has a profound effect on the activities of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in intestinal mucosa characterized by enhancement of gluconeogenesis and reciprocal depression of glycolysis. Moreover, the mechanism of these changes appears to be mediated by toxin- stimulated increase in mucosal cAMP concentration. Lastly, the organ culture system is a useful method to study the effect of bacterial enterotoxins on intestinal mucosa.
Cognitive and Noncognitive Factors that Affect Learning in Older Adults and Their Implications for Instruction.

This article discusses cognitive and noncognitive factors affecting learning performance in older adult learners. The first section provides an overview of the research. Cognitive factors affecting learning are discussed in terms of (a) intelligence and aging, and (b) memory and learning processes. Noncognitive processes related to learning and aging are discussed in terms of (a) motivation, (b) loss of speed, (c) health, and (d) education. The second part of the article suggests some strategies for minimizing learning deficits related to age. Minimizing memory deficits involves (a) using cues, (b) establishing learning conditions that reduce interference and result in adequate time to respond, and (c) using advance organizers. Minimizing noncognitive factors affecting learning involves (a) using the discovery method of teaching, (b) reducing anxiety, and (c) limiting the use of evaluation.
Improving SRAM read/write margin with asymmetric halo MOSFET

We propose SRAM bitcells with asymmetric halo implant dose MOSFET (AH-MOS) by introducing additional masks for halo implant steps. AH-MOS has different drain-source currents (Ids) between forward and reverse directions (Fig. 1). By implanting high and low dose for drain and source regions respectively, Ids flowing from drain to source (forward) gets larger than that from source to drain (reverse). Fig. 2 shows 6T SRAM bitcell with AH-MOS [1]. The current at pass-gate (PG), which consists of AH-MOS, flows bi-directionally in read and write mode. The pull-down (PD) is symmetric halo implant dose MOSFET (SH-MOS) due to unidirectional currents. The pull-up (PU) is also SH-MOS.
Gaussian-beam-propagation theory for nonlinear optics involving an analytical treatment of orbital-angular-momentum transfer

We present a general, Gaussian spatial-mode propagation formalism for describing the generation of higher-order multi-spatial-mode beams generated during nonlinear interactions. Furthermore, to implement the theory, we simulate optical angular momentum transfer interactions and show how one can optimize the interaction to reduce the undesired modes. Past theoretical treatments of this problem have often been phenomenological, at best. Here we present an exact solution for the single-pass no-cavity regime, in which the nonlinear interaction is not overly strong. We apply our theory to two experiments, with very good agreement, and give examples of several more configurations, easily tested in the laboratory.
Conceptualizing Student Affect for Science and Technology at the Middle School Level: Development and Implementation of a Measure of Affect in Science and Technology (MAST)

We describe the development of the Measure of Affect in Science and Technology (MAST), and study its usefulness for measuring science affect in middle school students via both classical and Rasch measurement perspectives. We then proceed to utilize the measurement structure of the MAST to understand how middle school students at varying levels of affect express their interest and attitudes toward science and technology and gender differences in how students express their affect. We found that affect in science and technology comprises a main dimension, science interest, and four peripheral dimensions: interest in careers in science and technology, attitudes toward science, and interest in attending science class. Of these, careers in science and technology carry the highest affective demand. While males showed higher levels of personal and situational interest in science, a greater interest in careers in science and technology was the biggest contributor to males’ higher affect toward science and technology. We argue that whether the MAST is used as a measure of a single construct or multiple subconstructs depends upon specific research or evaluation goals; however, both uses of the MAST yield measures which produce valid inferences for student affect.
House and psyche

The theme of house and dwelling arises in psychotherapy as patients speak about their homes. Houses imply issues of containment, safety, entrapment, building, and hiding that also pertain to the ex...
Do Reticent Managers Misreport Data during Firm Surveys? Cross-Checking Reticent Managers’ Answers with Other Information

AbstractPrevious studies have shown reticent managers answer sensitive questions differently than other managers do. If this is because they misreport information, it will be difficult to accurately estimate averages or regression coefficients. It is possible, however, they answer sensitive questions differently because their firms are different. This paper presents evidence from a quasi-experiment that suggests reticent managers misreport sensitive information. The paper first shows reticent managers in Nigeria report paying higher wages than other managers do. It then shows workers at these firms report lower, or similar, wages. The simplest explanation for this is that reticent managers misreport wages.
Critical limb ischemia update and the evolving role of drug-elution technologies

Introduction: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular mortality and limb loss.Areas covered: This review discusses the epidemiology of CLI, revasculariz...
Positive and negative eWOM motivations and hotel customers’ eWOM behavior: Does personality matter?

Abstract This study examined the effects of eWOM motivations on customers’ eWOM behavior in the hotel setting. Two independent samples (sample 1: positive hotel service encounter, n = 246; sample 2: negative hotel service encounter, n = 230) were collected online via MTurk (Amazon Mechanical Turk). eWOM motivations were divided into positive (self-enhancement and enjoyment, altruism, and economic incentives) and negative motivations (venting negative feelings, altruism, and economic incentives). Self-enhancement and enjoyment was the critical predictor of positive eWOM behavior whereas venting and economic incentives were prominent predictors of negative eWOM behavior. Further, this study examined the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits in the relationship between eWOM motivations and eWOM posting behavior. Notably, agreeableness and conscientiousness were found to interact with self-enhancement and enjoyment, and altruism (both positive and negative) motivational factors, leading to eWOM behavior. Discussion and managerial implications are provided based on findings.
Direct, surface-scanning detection of pathogenic bacteria using a wireless biosensor

This paper investigates the accuracy of surface-scanning measurement of a wireless magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor for direct pathogen detection on solid surfaces. The model experiments were conducted on the surface of a at polyethylene (PE) plate. An ME biosensor (1 mm x 0.2 mm x 30 µm) was placed on the PE surface, and a surface-scanning detector was aligned to the sensor for wireless resonant frequency measurement. The position of the detector was accurately controlled by using a motorized three-axis translation system (i.e., controlled X, Y, and Z positions). The results showed that the resonant frequency variations of the sensor were -125 to +150 Hz for X and Y detector displacements of ± 600 µm and Z displacements of +100 to +500 µm. These resonant frequency variations were small compared to the sensor's initial resonant frequency (˂ 0.007% of 2.2 MHz initial resonant frequency) measured at the detector home position, indicating high accuracy of the measurement. In addition, the signal amplitude was, as anticipated, found to decrease exponentially with increasing detection distance (i.e., Z distance). Finally, additional experiments were conducted on the surface of cucumbers. Similar results were obtained.
Enabling the Verification of Computational Results: An Empirical Evaluation of Computational Reproducibility

The ability to independently regenerate published computational claims is widely recognized as a key component of scientific reproducibility. In this article we take a narrow interpretation of this goal, and attempt to regenerate published claims from author-supplied information, including data, code, inputs, and other provided specifications, on a different computational system than that used by the original authors. We are motivated by Claerbout and Donoho's exhortation of the importance of providing complete information for reproducibility of the published claim. We chose the Elsevier journal, the Journal of Computational Physics, which has stated author guidelines that encourage the availability of computational digital artifacts that support scholarly findings. In an IRB approved study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (IRB #17329) we gathered artifacts from a sample of authors who published in this journal in 2016 and 2017. We then used the ICERM criteria generated at the 2012 ICERM workshop "Reproducibility in Computational and Experimental Mathematics" to evaluate the sufficiency of the information provided in the publications and the ease with which the digital artifacts afforded computational reproducibility. We find that, for the articles for which we obtained computational artifacts, we could not easily regenerate the findings for 67% of them, and we were unable to easily regenerate all the findings for any of the articles. We then evaluated the artifacts we did obtain (55 of 306 articles) and find that the main barriers to computational reproducibility are inadequate documentation of code, data, and workflow information (70.9%), missing code function and setting information, and missing licensing information (75%). We recommend improvements based on these findings, including the deposit of supporting digital artifacts for reproducibility as a condition of publication, and verification of computational findings via re-execution of the code when possible.
Drugs in Development: New Agents, New Classes, New Indications

Despite the large number of pharmacologic agents available for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, the search for additional drugs and pharmacotherapeutic approaches continues. In this chapter, ongoing investigations of new drugs, drug classes, and the clinical applications of these treatments are discussed.
Head-Corner chart parsing

“Our Latin teachers were apparently right”, Martin Kay [1989] remarks, “You should start [parsing] with the main verb. This will tell you what kinds of subjects and objects to look for and what cases they will be in. When you come to look for these, you should also start by trying to find the main word, because this will tell you most about what else to look for.”
The Mechanism of the Inhibition of Gastric Secretion Produced by Esophageal Ligation in the Pylorus-Ligated Rat

Esophageal ligation in the pylorus-ligated rat significantly inhibited volume, titratable acidity, and titratable acid output and reduced the incidence of ulcers, perforations, and death of 18-hr pylorus-ligated rats. Draining the saliva outside the body of the rat by esophageal cannulation produced a significant increase in volume and gastric acidity over the esophagus-ligated preparation. A method for collection of saliva in the unanesthetized unstimulated rat was developed, and basal salivary flow was found to be 0.84 ml/4 hr. Administration of 1.0 ml of freshly collected saliva to esophagus + pylorus-ligated rats increased titratable acidity, but not volume of secretion, to the level found in the pylorus-ligated rat. A similar effect was obtained with administration of 1.0 ml of a phosphate buffer. Removal of the salivary glands had no significant effect on gastric acidity in the pylorus-ligated rat and the reduction in volume could be accounted for by the lack of saliva. Gastric secretion in the esophagus + pylorus-ligated rat was stimulated by histamine, carbachol, insulin, and 2-deoxyglucose. When the vagus nerves were cut, stimulation was still obtained with carbachol but not with insulin or 2-deoxyglucose. The data indicated that rat saliva did not contain a specific gastric stimulant material, and esophageal ligation depressed gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat by inhibition of the central vagal activity.
Acute Appendicitis After Spine Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Case Report

Appendicitis is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain, largely occurring in the second decade of life. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who underwent an uncomplicated posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation for scoliosis, who later developed abdominal pain, nausea, and emesis secondary to acute appendicitis. Her hospital course was significant for prolonged intravenous use of narcotics for pain control and subsequent constipation but negative for abdominal pain or tenderness during her admission. While gastrointestinal complications are a common cause of unplanned 30-day readmissions in the pediatric population, appendicitis has yet to be reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute appendicitis after posterior spinal fusion, likely resulting from postoperative pain management.