cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving the Pendulum Back to the Middle: Reflections on and Introduction to the Inductive Research Special Issue of Journal of Business and Psychology

This special issue of the Journal of Business and Psychology contains a diverse set of 13 papers that adopted an inductive approach. In addition to setting the stage for the special feature, the case for inductive research is broached. The papers in the special feature used a variety of approaches, both qualitative and quantitative, that shared the characteristic that they did not report tests of deductive theory-driven hypotheses. Rather these papers presented exploratory findings that were not limited by an explicit a priori theoretical framework. The special issue heeds calls that the field needs more inductive research to serve as the basis for theory. It is hoped that it will inspire editors of other journals to be more accepting of good inductive papers that report novel findings.
General anesthesia suppresses normal heart rate variability in humans

The human heart normally exhibits robust beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV). The loss of this variability is associated with pathology, including disease states such as congestive heart failure (CHF). The effect of general anesthesia on intrinsic HRV is unknown. In this prospective, observational study we enrolled 100 human subjects having elective major surgical procedures under general anesthesia. We recorded continuous heart rate data via continuous electrocardiogram before, during, and after anesthesia, and we assessed HRV of the R-R intervals. We assessed HRV using several common metrics including Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), Multifractal Analysis, and Multiscale Entropy Analysis. Each of these analyses was done in each of the four clinical phases for each study subject over the course of 24 h: Before anesthesia, during anesthesia, early recovery, and late recovery. On average, we observed a loss of variability on the aforementioned metrics that appeared to correspond to the state of general anesthesia. Following the conclusion of anesthesia, most study subjects appeared to regain their normal HRV, although this did not occur immediately. The resumption of normal HRV was especially delayed on DFA. Qualitatively, the reduction in HRV under anesthesia appears similar to the reduction in HRV observed in CHF. These observations will need to be validated in future studies, and the broader clinical implications of these observations, if any, are unknown.
Fast unimodular reduction: planar integer lattices

The author shows that a shortest basis for the 2-dimensional lattice Lambda (u, v) generated by an input pair u, v in Z/sup 2/ can be computed in O(M(n) log n) where n is the bit-size of the input numbers and M(n) is the complexity of multiplying two n-bit integers. This generalizes Schonhage's technique (1971) for fast integer GCD to a higher dimension. >
Modeling of an Integrated Wind Energy Building

This study presents the design and modeling of an integrated wind energy building. It is proposed that a building be constructed with an integral wind turbine that takes advantage of the funneling of wind from the building structure and the low pressure area above or leeward of the building. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate different building geometries and wind potentials. Preliminary investigations using two dimensional numerical modeling in both the horizontal and vertical planes are presented. Three dimensional analyses are also presented of promising geometries from the two dimensional preliminary results. While additional modeling efforts will be necessary to optimize this system, results indicate a significant improvement in performance over free standing turbines, allowing for utilization of wind power in geographic regions that have traditionally not been feasible.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Validation of the Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI): Preliminary Findings

The Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) is a semistructured interview that was developed to fill the need for a reliable, valid, and standardized instrument for periodic evaluation of adolescent substance abuse. A preliminary study indicated good clinical utility and satisfactory interrater reliability. This study had three objectives: 1) to determine whether the T-ASI discriminated between hospitalized psychiatric patients with and without comorbid psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD); 2) to determine whether T-ASI scores were related to other indices of problem behavior, and, 3) to determine whether there was any specificity in the ratings of different domains of the instrument when compared with other criteria. The results of the study providesupportforthe goodpsychometricpropertiesof'the T-ASI.
Nonincremental Policy-Making Under Divided Party Control:

According to conventional wisdom, policy-making tends to be incremental in character except under conditions of united party control of the presidency and Congress and, in particular, after a critical or realigning election. The 1986 Tax Reform Act violates this expectation. This case study examines the act to understand its passage and develops an alternative to the party government model to explain innovative policy-making under conditions of divided party government.
UV photodissociation of oxalyl chloride yields four fragments from one photon absorption

The photodissociation of oxalyl chloride, (ClCO)2, has been studied near 235 nm using the photofragment imaging technique. Observed products include both ground state Cl (2P3/2) and spin-orbit excited Cl*(2P1/2) chlorine atoms and ground electronic state CO molecules. The rotational distribution obtained for the CO v=0 product is peaked at about J=30 and extends beyond J=50. Photofragment images were recorded for both chlorine atom fine structure components as well as many rotational levels of the CO v=0, yielding state-resolved angular and translational energy distributions. The recoil speed distribution for the Cl* exhibits a dominant fast component, with a translational energy distribution peaking at about 48 kJ/mol. The ground state chlorine atom showed two components in its speed distribution, with the slow component dominant. The corresponding translational energy distribution peaked at 10 kJ/mol but extended to 80 kJ/mol. The total average translational energy release into the Cl product is 34 kJ/m...
Three-Rowed CHOMP

A “meta” (pseudo-) algorithm is described that, for any fixed k, finds a fast (O(log(a))) algorithm for playing 3-rowed Chomp, starting with the first, second, and third rows of lengths a, b, and c, respectively, where c?k, but a and b are arbitrary.
Watchdogs to the rescue: Securing wireless TCP

In this paper, we make a case for using watchdogs to protect against misbehavior in dense wireless networks. We introduce “Generalized Watchdogs” and identify when and how watchdogs can be necessary and sufficient against misbehavior. We study feasibility of watchdog approach and show that the order of capacity bounds is preserved asymptotically even with watchdogs. We use generalized watchdogs to design protocols to improve both security and performance of TCP over wireless networks such that the application at the destination never accepts a corrupted packet and we achieve this without modifying TCP. We show that a strict dependence on availability and success of watchdogs can lead to “watchdog induced losses” and establish their effects on TCP throughput. We then propose solutions to deal with these losses and make watchdogs intelligent so they can tune the overheads incurred. With hop-by-hop verification of packet correctness, we ensure that tampered packets are not forwarded in the network and thus save potential wastage of network resources. We use NS-2 simulations of both controlled as well as realistic network scenarios, to show that watchdogs can provide simple, lightweight and reliable means of misbehavior detection, tolerance and most importantly “deterrence” while saving costs of security infrastructure. With a combination of intelligent watchdogs and source coding, and by leveraging route adaptation, our scheme achieves twice the throughput of a cryptographic alternative and that too in presence of as high as 30% packet tampering.
FORUM: Giving oneself over to science – Exploring the roles of subjectivities and identities in learning science

In this piece, Elizabeth Moje discusses with the authors of FORUM: Giving oneself over to science: Exploring the roles of subjectivities and identities in learning science (Tucker-Raymond, Varelas, & Pappas) the challenges and potentials of theorizing about the role of identities in learning science. The authors debate how identities and subjectivities should be conceptualized, and whether learning science requires people to change identities and/or subjectivities. In particular, the authors discuss the potential for thinking about how identities are enacted in practices, and how teachers might construct practices that evoke the identities associated with science as a way of developing opportunities for deep science learning.
Abstract IA10: Targeting intratumoral genetic heterogeneity through rationally designed combination therapy

Deep sequencing of distinct tumor biopsies from a single cancer has revealed dramatic genetic intratumoral heterogeneity in patients. Additionally, sequencing of tumors at multiple time points has led to the characterization of minor tumor subclones prior to treatment that expand to become the predominate tumor subpopulation at relapse. These data suggest an urgent need to directly address the issue of intratumoral heterogeneity in the design of chemotherapeutic regimens. Here we model tumor heterogeneity using RNA interference (RNAi), and show, both in vitro and in vivo, how optimized drug combinations can yield predictable effects on the composition of heterogeneous tumors. The ability to predict population trajectories has allowed us to mathematically optimize combination therapies to minimize the effect of heterogeneity in three-component heterogeneous tumors. We discover that for certain ensembles of tumor cells, knowledge of the predominant subpopulation is insufficient in deriving an optimal drug combination for the heterogeneous tumor. With optimized drug combinations, our in vitro and in vivo validations confirmed that we can control the predicted trajectories of a heterogeneous tumor, with improved survival in mice. Such approaches will enable us to gain a better understanding of the underlying design principles for combination therapy in the context of intratumoral diversity and construct drug regimens that are optimized for more complex tumors. Citation Format: Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Boyang Zhao, Justin R. Pritchard, Michael T. Hemann. Targeting intratumoral genetic heterogeneity through rationally designed combination therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Synthetic Lethal Approaches to Cancer Vulnerabilities; May 17-20, 2013; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Neutrophil transmigration, focal adhesion kinase and endothelial barrier function

Neutrophil activation is an essential component of innate immune defense against infection and injury. In response to inflammatory stimulation, circulating neutrophils undergo a series of dynamic and metabolic changes characterized by β2-intergrin mediated adhesion to microvascular endothelium and subsequent transendothelial migration. During this process, neutrophils release granular contents containing digestive enzymes and produce cytotoxic agents such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines. These products target endothelial barriers inducing phosphorylation-triggered junction dissociation, actin stress fiber formation, and actomyosin contraction, manifest as paracellular hyperpermeability. Endothelial cell-matrix focal adhesions play an integral role in this process by providing structural support for endothelial conformational changes that facilitate neutrophil transmigration, as well as by recruiting intracellular molecules that constitute the hyperpermeability signaling cascades. As a central connector of the complex signaling network, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated following neutrophil adhesion, and further mediates the reorganization of endothelial integrin-matrix attachments in a pattern coordinating with cytoskeleton contraction and junction opening. In this review, we present recent experimental evidence supporting the importance of FAK in neutrophil-dependent regulation of endothelial permeability. The discussion focuses on the mechanisms by which neutrophils activate FAK and its downstream effects on endothelial barriers.
Convergent cultural evolution and multilevel selection: Reply to comments on Janet Landa’s ‘The bioeconomics of homogenous middleman groups as adaptive units: Theory and empirical evidence viewed from a group selection framework’

The comments on Janet Landa’s (J Bioecon 10(3):259–278, 2008) target article provide a fascinating snapshot of how multilevel selection theory is perceived across several disciplines. When we focus on the zone of agreement among the commentators, Landa’s article provides an important example of convergent cultural evolution. When we focus on the zone of disagreement, we find a snapshot of the current status of the group selection controversy that goes beyond narrow scientific issues and requires a ‘truth and reconciliation’ process to resolve, as discussed in my series of blogs titled “Truth and Reconciliation for Group Selection” (Wilson http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-sloan-wilson/#blogger_bio, 2009) and briefly summarized here.
The Epistemic Status of the Human Sciences: Critical Reflections on Foucault

Any reader of Foucault's corpus recognizes fairly quickly that it is animated by an ethical impulse, namely, to liberate individuals from a kind of oppression from which they suffer. This oppression, however, does not involve the familiar tyranny of the Leviathan or the totalitarian state; it exploits instead values that the victim of oppression herself accepts, and which then leads the oppressed agent to be complicit in her subjugation. It also depends, crucially, on a skeptical thesis about the epistemology of the social sciences. It is this conjunction of claims - that individuals oppress themselves in virtue of certain moral and epistemic norms they accept - that marks Foucault's uniquely disturbing contribution to the literature whose diagnostic aim is, with Max Weber, to understand the oppressive character of modernity, and whose moral aim is, with the Frankfurt School, human liberation and human flourishing. I offer here both a reconstruction of Foucault's project - focusing on the role that ethical and epistemic norms play in how agents subjugate themselves - and some modestly critical reflections on his project, especially the weaknesses in his critique of the epistemic standing of the human sciences.
Angular spectrum representation for the propagation of arbitrary coherent and partially coherent beams through atmospheric turbulence

An angular spectrum representation is applied for a description of statistical properties of arbitrary beamlike fields propagating through atmospheric turbulence. The Rytov theory is used for the characterization of the perturbation of the field by the atmosphere. In particular, we derive expressions for the cross-spectral density of a coherent and a partially coherent beam of arbitrary type in the case when the power spectrum of atmospheric fluctuations is described by the von Karman model. We illustrate the method by applying it to the propagation of several model beams through the atmosphere.
Optimal Feeding for Shrimp Culture in the South of Iran

Abstract Shrimp culture is a relatively new segment of the economy in Iran. Farming of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus has exhibited rapid growth during the last decade. Owing to high feeding costs, the rate of feeding per day is a decisive factor for shrimp farmers. Although many biological studies have been carried out to determine the optimal feeding level, few bioeconomic studies have been conducted with respect to this issue. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal feeding level for Iranian shrimp culture. I found that optimal feeding was higher than actual feeding during the middle of the culture period but lower at the end of the period. The shrimp price, feed price, and interest rate elasticities of feeding were calculated to be 1, −0.4, and −0.035%, respectively. These results indicate that optimal feeding may be adjusted during and between seasons based on physiological, environmental, and economic conditions.
Accelerating the Nussinov RNA folding algorithm with CUDA/GPU

Graphics processing units (GPU) on commodity video cards have evolved into powerful computational devices. The RNA secondary structure arises from the primary structure and a backbone of canonical, Watson-Crick base pairings (A-U, C-G), and to a lesser extent, the G-U pairing. Early computational work by Nussinov formulated the problem of RNA secondary structure prediction as a maximization of the number of paired bases, which led to a simplified problem amenable to a dynamic programming solution for O(n3) serial time. This article describes a GPU implementation of the Nussinov dynamic programming. Computation results show that the GPU implementation is up to 290 times faster than the CPU.
Pulldown Analysis for Progressive Collapse Assessment

AbstractA new nonlinear static alternate path analysis technique coined pulldown analysis is presented as an easy-to-implement alternative to the existing pushdown analysis for assessing the load redistribution capability of a building after a critical structural element has been suddenly removed. Unlike the pushdown analysis where gravity loads within the affected bays of a building are directly amplified, the pulldown analysis is associated with a downward force that is statically applied at the removed element location. This static pulldown force is equal in value to the axial compression force in the to-be-removed column of the intact frame multiplied by a dynamic increase factor (DIF), which aims to generate the best match of the peak dynamic responses of a damaged building through a nonlinear static analysis. A seismically designed nine-story steel moment frame is used as an example to illustrate the pulldown analysis procedure. Results from progressive collapse assessment of the example frame using...
Radiation response of amorphous silicon imaging arrays at diagnostic energies

The first diagnostic X-ray signal measurements for two-dimensional amorphous silicon imaging arrays are presented. Data were acquired for a variety of phosphor screens, for energies ranging from 70 to 120 kVp, both in the presence and in the absence of a phantom simulating the attenuation of a human chest. Results are reported in terms of pixel charge per unit exposure at the array. Also, linearity of pixel response with exposure as a function of sensor bias, pixel response as a function of sensor bias, and the first data quantifying the degree of reciprocity of the pixel response are reported. Significant results include: (a) pixel response remained linear to within 1% for /spl sim/70% of the signal range at 0.5 volts and /spl sim/95% at 3.0 volts; (b) from a partial response at 0 volts, pixel response is observed to increase rapidly up to /spl sim/1 volt after which more gradual increases in response are observed; and (c) for exposure rates varying by a factor of /spl sim/5, pixel response was approximately consistent with reciprocal behavior although evidence of limited (/spl sim/6%) reciprocity failure is suggested. >
Sharing Race, the Personal, and the Political From Multiple Social Locations at an HBCU

Aline Gubrium, a young White woman teaching Introduction To Comparative Women's Studies at a historically Black women's college, and Tjazha Mazhani, a young Black woman who has taken Gubrium's course, enact a play-about their multiple positions and perspectives (in terms of race/ethnicity, gender, age, and rank) in the pedagogical process of teaching about forms of power and oppression. Black feminist Audre Lorde's work, which was taught and read in the course, resonates throughout, providing both direction and inspiration for the developing dialogue.
Hindbrain Oxytocin Receptors Contribute to the Effects of Circulating Oxytocin on Food Intake in Male Rats

Oxytocin (OT)-elicited hypophagia has been linked to neural activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Because plasma OT levels increase after a meal, we hypothesized that circulating OT acts at both peripheral and hindbrain OT receptors (OTRs) to limit food intake. To initially determine whether circulating OT inhibits food intake by acting at hindbrain OTRs, we pretreated rats with an OTR antagonist administered into the fourth ventricle (4V) followed by either central or systemic OT administration. Administration of the OTR antagonist into the 4V blocked anorexia induced by either 4V or ip injection of OT. However, blockade of peripheral OTRs also weakened the anorectic response to ip OT. Our data suggest a predominant role for hindbrain OTRs in the hypophagic response to peripheral OT administration. To elucidate central mechanisms of OT hypophagia, we tested whether OT activates NTS catecholaminergic neurons. OT (ip) increased the number of NTS cells expressing c-Fos, of which 10%–15% were catecholaminergic. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies in mice revealed that OT stimulated 47% (8 of 17) of NTS catecholamine neurons through a presynaptic mechanism. However, OT-elicited hypophagia did not appear to require activation of α1-adrenoceptors, and blockade of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors similarly did not attenuate anorexia induced by OT. These findings demonstrate that OT elicits satiety through both central and peripheral OTRs and that although catecholamine neurons are a downstream target of OT signaling in the NTS, the hypophagic effect is mediated independently of α1-adrenoceptor signaling.
A PHYSICS-BASED TUNNELING MODEL FOR SB-HETEROSTRUCTURE BACKWARD TUNNEL DIODE MILLIMETER-WAVE DETECTORS

InAs/AlSb/GaSb heterostructure backward tunnel diodes are sensitive millimeter-wave detectors that achieve their high sensitivity by leveraging interband tunneling current in a broken-gap heterostructure. A new physics-based tunneling model that accurately reproduces experimental results is proposed in this work. This model, which uses Kane's eight-band k·p band structures and tunneling coefficients calculated using the transfer matrix method, predicts IV curves that closely match measured data. It also predicts critical device parameters for detector performance (including curvature coefficient and junction resistance) as a function of device structure, and good agreement with experiment results has been obtained. It accurately predicts the junction resistance's exponential dependence on tunnel barrier thickness, as well as more subtle effects such as the impact of cathode doping profile adjustment and anode ternary composition. The predictive capabilities of this model are promising to provide guidance for future detector heterostructure optimization and may be useful in modeling the characteristics of other heterostructure designs and devices using 6.1 A lattice constant materials.
Feeding Preference and Movement of Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Individual Cotton Plants

Experiments were conducted in an environmental growth chamber to determine the movement and feeding preferences of Nezara viridula (L.) and Euschistus servus (Say) on individual cotton plants. Fifth instars were caged by species on a single cotton plant (FM 9063 B2F) containing four discrete boll sizes ranging from 1.1 to 3.0 cm in diameter over a period of 5 d per replication. Two digital video cameras were simultaneously focused on each of the four bolls per plant to visually confirm stink bug resting and movement. During the study, a total of 4,080 h of video footage was recorded and analyzed. Results showed that N. viridula and E. servus did not prefer the exact same boll sizes. In a trial with eight stink bugs per plant, N. viridula spent more time on the three larger boll classes, 1.6–2.0, 2.1–2.5, and 2.6–3.0 cm. In a separate trial with one stink bug per plant, N. viridula spent more time on the larger boll classes while E. servus exhibited the strongest preference for 1.1–1.5 and 2.1–2.5 cm bolls. N. viridula moved more often than E. servus and both species moved more often during photophase compared with scotophase. Regardless of species or number of bugs released, bolls in the smallest boll size class fell off the plant about 3 d after the bugs were released. These results confirm that scouts who are estimating stink bug damage should select bolls in the 2.1–2.5 cm diameter boll size class.
Increasing the confidence in off-the-shelf components: a software connector-based approach

The promise of component-based software development is that larger, more complex systems can be built reasonably quickly and reliably from pre-fabricated (“ off-the-shelf”) building blocks. Additionally, such systems can be upgraded incrementally, simply by replacing individual components with their new versions. However, practice has shown that while it may improve certain aspects of an existing component, a new component version frequently introduces unforeseen problems. These problems include less efficient utilization of system resources, errors in the newly introduced functionality, and even new errors in the functionality carried over from the old version. This paper presents an approach intended to alleviate such problems. Our approach is based on explicit software architectures and leverages flexible software connectors in ensuring that component versions can be added and removed in the deployed, running system. Our connectors, called multi-versioning connectors, also unintrusively collect and compare the execution statistics of the running component versions (e.g., execution time and results of invocations). We illustrate our approach with the help of an example application.
Gold, [1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐N‐[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]methanesulfonamidato‐kN](Triphenylphosphine)

[866395-16-6] C20H15AuF6NO4PS2 (MW 739.40) InChI = 1S/C18H15P.C2F6NO4S2.Au/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;3-1(4,5)14(10,11)9-15(12,13)2(6,7)8;/h1-15H;;/q;-1;+1 InChIKey = GJWZOHAPYGHXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent mostly used as carbophilic Lewis acid for activation of alkynes/allenes toward nucleophilic attack and as an isolable alternative to unstable Ph3PAu+ X− (X = SbF6, ClO4, BF4, OTf); used as a mild oxophilic Lewis acid) Physical Data: mp > 100 °C (dec). Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents including MeOH, CH3CN, CH2Cl2, THF, EtOAc, diethyl ether, and toluene.1. Form Supplied in: white solid, not commercially available. Preparative Methods: obtained quantitatively through metathesizing equivalent Ph3PAuCl and AgNTf2 in CH2Cl2, filtering AgCl, off and removing solvent.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: it is air stable1 and not hygroscopic, but turns gray over time at room temperature due to slow decomposition. It should be stored in a freezer and can last for months.
Improved protein kinase C affinity through final step diversification of a simplified salicylate-derived bryostatin analog scaffold.

Bryostatin 1, in clinical trials or preclinical development for cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and a first-of-its-kind strategy for HIV/AIDS eradication, is neither readily available nor optimally suited for clinical use. In preceding work, we disclosed a new class of simplified bryostatin analogs designed for ease of access and tunable activity. Here we describe a final step diversification strategy that provides, in only 25 synthetic steps, simplified and tunable analogs with bryostatin-like PKC modulatory activities.
Characterizing and modeling minimum energy operation for subthreshold circuits

Subthreshold operation is emerging as an energy-saving approach to many new applications. This paper examines energy minimization for circuits operating in the subthreshold region. We show the dependence of the optimum V/sub DD/ for a given technology on design characteristics and operating conditions. Solving equations for total energy provides an analytical solution for the Optimum VDD and V/sub T/ to minimize energy for a given frequency in subthreshold operation. SPICE simulations of a 200K transistor FIR filter confirm the analytical solution and the dependence of the minimum energy operating point on important parameters.
Reversing privatization, rebalancing government reform: Markets, deliberation and planning

The last decades of the 20th century witnessed a profound experiment to increase the role of markets in local government service delivery. However, that experiment has failed to deliver adequately on efficiency, equity or voice criteria. This has led to reversals. But this reverse privatization process is not a return to the direct public monopoly delivery model of old. Instead it heralds the emergence of a new balanced position which combines use of markets, deliberation and planning to reach decisions which may be both efficient and more socially optimal.
A graph based interface for representing volume visualization results

This paper discusses a graph based user interface for representing the results of the volume visualization process. As images are rendered, they are connected to other images in a graph based on their rendering parameters. The user can take advantage of the information in this graph to understand how certain rendering parameter changes affect a dataset, making the visualization process more efficient. Because the graph contains more information than is contained in an unstructured history of images, the image graph is also helpful for collaborative visualization and animation.
Endovascular Stent-Graft Repair of Ascending Aortic Dissection With a Commercially Available Thoracic Endograft

We describe the endovascular treatment of a type A thoracic aortic dissection (TAAD) in a patient deemed unfit for surgical repair with a commercially available thoracic endograft. A patient with a symptomatic acute TAAD, multiple medical comorbidities, and ascending thoracic aortic and arch dilation underwent successful endovascular repair with the use of a commercially available stent graft, resulting in complete resolution of his symptoms despite slight but persistent perigraft false lumen perfusion. Although surgical repair remains the gold standard, endografting has promise and may have a positive impact on the current treatment algorithm for TAAD. Advances must occur in graft manufacturing, and further data will be required before wider application is appropriate.
TRPC5 channels undergo changes in gating properties during the activation-deactivation cycle.

TRPC5 are non-specific cation channels activated through phospholipase C-dependent pathways, although the precise gating mechanism is unknown. TRPC5 current-voltage relationships (I-Vs) change systematically during the activation-deactivation cycle, shifting between outwardly rectifying and doubly rectifying shapes. Since several TRP family members exhibit voltage-dependent properties, we investigated whether the various I-V relationships were due to changes in gating. Using patch-clamp recordings of rat TRPC5 transfected HEK293 cells, we found that TRPC5 currents had distinct biophysical characteristics correlated with individual I-V shapes, a phenomenon we call ‘phases.’ At rest, channels were closed at most potentials, although strong depolarizations (>+80 mV) stimulated small outward currents (Phase 0). For 10-15 sec after activation, voltage steps evoked small inward and large outward currents with time- and voltage-dependent kinetics (Phase 1, outwardly-rectifying I-Vs). At maximal inward amplitude, currents were voltage-independent at all potentials (Phase 2, doubly-rectifying I-Vs owing to Mg(2+) block). During desensitization (Phase 3), currents reverted to a Phase 1-like voltage-dependence. La(3+) ions potentiated inward TRPC5 currents by promoting a reversible transition from Phase 3 to Phase 2. Single channel recordings revealed asymmetric conductance properties with values of approximately 40 pS at negative potentials and approximately 130 pS at >+60 mV. Mutation of D633, a cytoplasmic residue that mediates Mg(2+) block, decreased channel activity at negative potentials during Phase 2. We conclude that TRPC5 gating properties can switch reversibly between voltage-dependent and voltage-independent states. The modulation of phase transitions by external agents such as La(3+) and EBP50, a scaffolding protein, may constitute a novel mechanism for regulation of channel activity.
Alternating Wet and Dry Conditions over South America during Summer

Abstract Time series of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) fields and various gridded reanalysis products are used to identify and describe periods with abundant and deficient rainfall over South America during summer. Empirical orthogonal function analyses of OLR anomalies filtered to retain variations longer than 10 days reveal a meridional seesaw of dry and wet conditions over tropical and subtropical South America. It appears that intensification of the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) is associated with rainfall deficits over the subtropical plains of South America. In contrast, when the SACZ weakens, precipitation over these plains is abundant. These results are in agreement with those of Kousky and Casarin. This seesaw pattern appears to be a regional component of a larger-scale system, possibly related to the 30–60-day oscillation in the Tropics, with the southward extension and strengthening of the SACZ found with enhanced tropical convection over the central and eastern Pacific and dry cond...
Novel Topological Effects in Dense QCD in a Magnetic Field

Abstract We study the electromagnetic properties of dense QCD in the so-called Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave phase. This inhomogeneous phase exhibits a nontrivial topology that comes from the fermion sector due to the asymmetry of the lowest Landau level modes. The nontrivial topology manifests in the electromagnetic effective action via a chiral anomaly term θ F μ ν F ˜ μ ν , with a dynamic axion field θ given by the phase of the Dual Chiral Density Wave condensate. The coupling of the axion with the electromagnetic field leads to several macroscopic effects that include, among others, an anomalous, nondissipative Hall current, an anomalous electric charge, magnetoelectricity, and the formation of a hybridized propagating mode known as an axion polariton. Connection to topological insulators and Weyls semimetals, as well as possible implications for heavy-ion collisions and neutron stars are all highlighted.
Control of pain by mefenamic acid following removal of impacted molar: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study+

Summary The efficacy of mefenamic acid, aspirin, and placebo in the control of postsurgical pain was compared in a double-blind, randomized study of forty-seven patients. Medication was begun as soon as the anesthetic began to wear off and was continused as needed to a maximum of eight doses over a 48-hour period. The results were analyzed in terms of the patient's assessment of postsurgical pain, and the patient's and the investigator's evaluation of drug efficacy. In the population studied, mefenamic acid was well tolerated. Mefenamic acid was clearly superior to placebo and equalled or exceeded the ability of aspirin to control postsurgical pain in the parameters measured.
Numbers migration chronology and activity patterns of nonbreeding caribbean flamingos in yucatan mexico

ESPANO-BARROS et al. 592. Etude, chez le Flamand des Antilles (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) de la population et de sa variation, dans le Yucatan, ainsi que la repartition des activites et leurs variations au cours de la periode hors reproduction qui va d'octobre a fevrier. Des observations directes permettent d'evaluer cette population ainsi que l'activite des individus adultes et immatures, notamment l'activite de cour
Inter-decadal Variability of Zooplankton Abundance in the Middle Atlantic Bight

Interannual zooplankton abundance trends in the Middle Atlantic Bight region of the US Northeast continental shelf are described and related to variations in environmental variables for the years 1977 to 2009. Depth integrated plankton samples were collected on bimonthly broad-scale surveys of the region. Abundance information indicates that the region’s zooplankton population is flourishing. Total counts and biomass levels have been mostly above average in the second-half of the sampling period. Multivariate analysis of abundance data supported these findings by classifying the time series into three consecutive groups of years defined by varying abundance levels: 1) average in the late 1970s, 2) low in the 1980s, and 3) above average from 1993 to 2009. This analysis identified eleven taxa that had similar increasing interannual abundance patterns during the time series. Evidence is presented that these changes may be related to warming temperatures in the Northwest Atlantic. The increasing abundance levels of the eleven taxa was positively correlated (p<0.01) to surface temperature measurements and the recent trends of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. A second, smaller group of six taxa had correlated abundance trends that were variable through the years, with peak production associated with low salinity in the late 1990s.
A Proof of the Weierstrass Condition in the Calculus of Variations

(1934). A Proof of the Weierstrass Condition in the Calculus of Variations. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 502-504.
The Morphology and Higher Classification of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) : Parts I and II

Study of various morphological features, especially those of the female genitalia, and consideration of the chromosome complements, leads to the conclusions that a lygaeoid ancestral stock has given rise to 2 superfamilies, the Coreoidea ( Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, and Stenocephalidae) and the Pyrrhocoroidea (Largidae and Pyrrhocoridae) ; and that the Stenocephalidae and the Largidae are least advanced in their respective superfamilies. In Part II, the conclusions reached are that, within the Coreoidea, the Coreidae, Alydidae, and Rhopalidae merit family status; and that, of these, the Rhopalidae are the most generalized, the Coreidae the most advanced, and the Alydidae intermediate in some respects but highly specialized in others.
Influence of Steam Turbine Valve Discharge Characteristics on Power Systems and Its Control Strategy

Steam turbine valve discharge characteristics are among the important factors affecting the stability of the power systems.The influence mechanism of steam turbine valve discharge characteristics on the security and stability of the power grid is studied through the mathematical modeling of steam turbine and its speed control system,generator and excitation system.Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that cyclic fluctuations of generator active power might be caused by undesired steam turbine valve discharge characteristics.In view of this phenomenon,a modified control strategy of turbine governor modification system is proposed.This strategy can inhibit the excessive accommodation of proportion-integration-differentiation(PID) controller which is based on the power control mode,effectively increases the system damping,and suppresses power fluctuations of the prime mover.
On the Role of Enterpriseization Management in the High-New Technology of Agricultural industrialization

According to the related experience of advanced countries,the author thinks that the management of enterpriseization has played an important role in the course of promoting the industrialization of high-new-technology of agriculture of our country.However,there are still a certain problems.We have to properly deal with a few problems which relate to the management of enterpriseization in promoting the industrialization of high-new-technology of agriculture.
Notch Pathway Is Activated via Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations and Is a Therapeutic Target in Clear Cell Renal Cancer

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is an incurable malignancy in advanced stages and needs newer therapeutic targets. Transcriptomic analysis of CCRCCs and matched microdissected renal tubular controls revealed overexpression of NOTCH ligands and receptors in tumor tissues. Examination of the TCGA RNA-seq data set also revealed widespread activation of NOTCH pathway in a large cohort of CCRCC samples. Samples with NOTCH pathway activation were also clinically distinct and were associated with better overall survival. Parallel DNA methylation and copy number analysis demonstrated that both genetic and epigenetic alterations led to NOTCH pathway activation in CCRCC. NOTCH ligand JAGGED1 was overexpressed and associated with loss of CpG methylation of H3K4me1-associated enhancer regions. JAGGED2 was also overexpressed and associated with gene amplification in distinct CCRCC samples. Transgenic expression of intracellular NOTCH1 in mice with tubule-specific deletion of VHL led to dysplastic hyperproliferation of tubular epithelial cells, confirming the procarcinogenic role of NOTCH in vivo. Alteration of cell cycle pathways was seen in murine renal tubular cells with NOTCH overexpression, and molecular similarity to human tumors was observed, demonstrating that human CCRCC recapitulates features and gene expression changes observed in mice with transgenic overexpression of the Notch intracellular domain. Treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor LY3039478 led to inhibition of CCRCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In summary, these data reveal the mechanistic basis of NOTCH pathway activation in CCRCC and demonstrate this pathway to a potential therapeutic target.
First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.
Image Processing from 2D to 3D

Three-dimensional representations of volumetric CT data provide a powerful means to display and perceive complex anatomy and pathology. The development of advanced, multi-slice CT scanners that could rapidly acquire isotropic data sets without significant patient respiratory or voluntary motion has allowed for the implementation of a number of 3D reconstruction methods into clinical practice. In this chapter, we will discuss the technical considerations that underlie the most common 3D reconstruction methodologies (including surface rendering, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering, and cinematic rendering), the similarities and differences between these methodologies and how this impacts the types of imaging data each methodology is most suited to evaluate, and provide examples of some of the most common clinical uses of these techniques.
High-k dielectrics grown by atomic layer deposition: Capacitor and gate applications

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the dramatic improvements in microelectronics performance over that past few decades that have been accompanied by a severe reduction in the size of memory and logic devices. This scaling required drastic decreases of the SiO2 dielectric film thickness to achieve ever-higher capacitance densities. Fundamental limits of SiO2 as a dielectric material, imposed by electron tunneling, reach SiO2 film thickness approaches ∼1 nm. High-κ interlayer dielectric material needs to replace SiO2 as a capacitor and gate dielectric material. Numerous alternate high-κ materials are being actively investigated, ranging from Al2O3 (k∼9) to perovskites (κ∼102–104), and achieves very high capacitance densities with relatively thick films. The thicker films preclude the excessive tunneling currents observed for very thin SiO2 films. Finding a high-κ material is a major challenge because the high-κ materials have a high resistivity, and act as a good barrier layer, which is thermally stable, and form an ideal interface with silicon. SiO2 films can be conveniently formed via oxidation of the silicon substrate. Alternate high-κ materials must be formed by deposition. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a promising technique for depositing alternate high-κ thin films for the microelectronics industry. ALD is also very well suited for depositing various types of composites that combine the desirable properties of different materials.
The Interaction between Japanese Corporate Governance and Relational Contract Practice

The structures of Japanese corporate governance and the relational contract practice interrelate with each other in various situations. Traditionally, many scholars have argued that unique corporate governance structures enabled Japan's economic success after World War II, emphasizing that the Japanese relational contract practice was an efficient result of such unique structures. However, such argument does not have sufficient theoretical and empirical ground. Instead, this article showed that (i) in economic theory, a contract practice in business-to-business transactions will ultimately evolve to a discrete regime from a relational regime, but Japan's contract practice did not evolve as such due to the high drafting cost problem caused by the immaturity of business contract practice; (ii) such relational practice was so fragile that it requires support by institutions that function as self-enforcing bonding devices; (iii) in this respect, however, the traditional argument that Japanese corporate structure functioned as firm-specific exchange of assets as a bond is not perfect; (iv) rather, it functioned as a reputation signal that represents a particular firm's level of reciprocity and fairness. Japanese corporate governance was formulated to react to a strong preference to the stability of social structures that are a precondition to a relational practice, and ultimately sublimated to an integral part of a reputational signal of a firm who adopts such governance structure.
Implementation of Advanced Practice Provider (AAP) Practice Models in Neurology (P3.169)

Objective: The purpose of this presentation is to evaluate APP practice models in neurology and discuss best practice for implementation of these models and clinical success. Background: The Consortium of Advanced Practice Providers represents a large membership section of the American Academy of Neurology. Within the consortium, Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) and Physician Assistants (PA) make up the majority of members. APP practice is variable due to state regulation as well as inadequate understanding of scope of practice. In some cases APPs are not utilized to their full scope of practice and in other case they are over stretched, which can affect the quality of care they deliver. Design/Methods: This presentation will focus on practice models for APPs working in the inpatient and outpatient setting. The presentation will analyze these practice models and discuss which model supports full scope of practice without over-extension of the APP and their physician collaborator. Results: N/A Conclusions: This presentation will provide APPs and their physician colleagues with the methods they need to set up best practice models for APPs in the inpatient and outpatient setting. By incorporating these models we hope that there will be a reduction in cost, continued quality in care, and improved patient satisfaction. Study Supported by: n/a Disclosure: Dr. Cook has nothing to disclose.