cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal change in liver after partial hepatectomy and acute stress.

The initial rates of incorporation of amino acids by liver microsomes and ribosomes (prepared without detergent and with polyuridylic acid in place of endogenous messenger RNA) from normal, partially hepatectomized, and acutely stressed (Celite-treated) rats are linear. Removal of part of the liver and stress cause increases in the initial rates of incorporation. The reactivities of liver microsomes and ribosomes with puromycin are also enhanced by partial hepatectomy and acute stress. The enhanced rates of reaction with the antibiotic were observed in the presence and absence of guanosine triphosphate and over a wide range of Mg++ concentrations. The changes in reactivity with puromycin parallel the changes in vitro and in vivo in liver protein synthesis as a function of time after partial hepatectomy and acute stress. When normal liver microsomes are treated with 1% deoxycholate, the initial rates of incorporation of 14C-leucine and 3H-puromycin are raised to the levels ordinarily found with untreated preparations from partially hepatectomized and stressed animals. The initial rates with preparations from partially hepatectomized and stressed animals are not affected by the detergent. Similar results are obtained when ribosomes have been treated with deoxycholate. These results suggest that liver ribosomes contain a factor that regulates peptide bond synthesis or the attachment of aminoacyl transfer RNA. Removal of part of the liver and acute stress may reduce the function of the regulatory factor, and deoxycholate may remove it from the ribosome.
Investigating Java Concurrency Using Abstract State Machines

We present a mathematically precise, platform-independent model of Java concurrency using the Abstract State Machine method. We cover all aspects of Java threads and synchronization, gradually adding details to the model in a series of steps. We motivate and explain each concurrency feature, and point out subtleties, inconsistencies and ambiguities in the official, informal Java specification.
Colorimetric methods for determining organic functional groups. I

Some parameters of the colorimetric method for determining oxygen functions using Ce(IV) sulfate have been investigated. It has been found that the amount of Ce(IV) consumed is dependent on the temperature of the reaction mixture, the length of reaction time, and the nature of the organic compound. Fluorescent light does not affect the method.
Quantitative spectrographic analysis of the rare earth elements—IX. Determination of rare earth impurities commonly associated with purified samarium, gadolinium, terbium, and yttrium

Abstract Emission spectrometric methods are described for the following quantitative determinations: neodymium and gadolinium in samarium; neodymium, samarium, terbium, europium, yttrium, dysprosium and holmium in gadolinium; samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, and erbium in yttrium; and samarium, gadolinium, yttrium and dysprosium in terbium. These methods cover the concentration range from the detection limit up to 1 per cent. The basic method involves the direct-current carbon arc excitation of rare earth oxide-graphite mixtures, utilizing the unique similarity in excitation behavior of many of the rare earths to provide a high degree of internal standardization. The coefficient of variation is less than ±5 per cent in all instances.
Fate and Transport Modeling

The use of environmental contaminant fate and transport models stems from the need to predict a concentration of contaminant at a spatial location separate from the source at a specified temporal point. The models simulate a simplification of the real-world scenario. A prediction of this sort is used to support decisions in a wide range of hazardous waste contaminant source scenarios, from small and localized to major industrial. The level of complexity of the model chosen is contingent upon the configuration of the source, the temporal question, the end use needs, and the availability of field data. The theoretical basis for the most common models, the methods used to solve the equations, and the general use of the models to predict the fate and transport of contaminants in groundwater are reviewed. Further, the assumptions, varying levels of model complexity, and sources of uncertainty are discussed. Keywords: numerical models; analytical models; groundwater transport; contaminant transport; advection dispersion equation
Temporal discontinuities in neocortical dynamics

Our aim is to define and measure parameters of intracranial EEG that characterize stable states of neocortex and its capacity for rapid state transitions. Our experimental data consist of recordings of "spontaneous" EEG from intracranial arrays in animals and a human subject. We pre-process the data to extract large-scale "global" patterns in contrast to "localizing" neural signals. We define a set of novel parameters and measure them over numerous trials. We use the values and ranges of variation of these new parameters in the EEG to define quantitatively the differences in EEGs in four states: awake, asleep, and before and during partial complex seizure.
Numerical trajectory calculations for the efficient inversion of transient flow and tracer observations

[1] We introduce a trajectory-based method for the inversion of flow and transport observations. The approach operates on the output of a standard numerical simulator and is applicable under very general conditions. Using only head and concentration histories, we efficiently construct the model parameter sensitivities required for solving the inverse problem. A single simulation or forward calculation is required in order to take a step in the inversion. Our formulation, based on asymptotic solutions for flow and transport, partitions the inverse problem into an arrival time and an amplitude-matching problem. Because the model parameter sensitivities are defined along trajectories, both inverse problems scale very well with respect to model size. At the migration experimental site of the Grimsel Rock Laboratory in Switzerland we utilized transient head and tracer arrival times to constrain the hydraulic conductivity between a suite of boreholes. The squared data misfit is reduced by over an order of magnitude in 30 iterations of our inversion algorithm. Each iteration requires two runs of our numerical simulator TOUGH2, one for each experiment, to construct the trajectories and associated model parameter sensitivities. We find a high-conductivity channel curving in a roughly east-west direction, in agreement with two previous studies. Estimates of model parameter resolution indicate that we can image the large-scale conductivity variations within the array of boreholes.
Robust Control of Cascading Power Grid Failures using Stochastic Approximation

Cascading failure of a power transmission system are initiated by an exogenous event that disable a set of elements (e.g., lines) followed by a sequence of interrelated failures (or more precisely, trips) of overloaded elements caused by the combination of physics of power flows in the changed system topology, and controls. Should this sequence accelerate it can lead to a large system failure with significant loss of load. In previous work we have analyzed deterministic algorithms that in an online fashion (i.e., responding to observed data) selectively shed load so as to minimize the amount of lost load at termination of the cascade. In this work we present a rigorous methodology for incorporating noise and model errors, based on the Sample Average Approximation methodology for stochastic optimization. I. INTRODUCTION We present a rigorous methodology for computing ro- bust algorithms for control of cascading failures of power transmission systems. We focus on the linearized, or DC, approximation for power flows, and on line tripping outages. We note, however, that the same underlying methodology will apply for other models of power flows and other types of equipment outages. This work extends the approach in (3); related work is consided in (7), (4), (8), and references therein. In the DC approximation to power flows (see (2) for background) a transmission system is modeled by given a directed graph G with n buses and m lines. In addition, for each line e we are given its reactance xe and its limit ue (we may also refer to a line e in the form e = pq so as to indicate its "from" bus p and 'its 'to" buse q. Additionally, we are given a supply-demand vector 2 R n with the following interpretation. For a bus i, if i > 0 then i is a generator (a source node) while if i < 0 theni is a load (a demand node) and in that case i is the demand di at i. The condition P i i = 0 is assumed to hold. We denote byG the set of generators and byD the set of demand nodes. The linearized power flow problem specifies a variable fpq associated with each line pq (active power flow) and a variable p (phase angle) associated with each bus p. The DC approximation is given by the system system of equations: Nf = ;
Radical Rearrangement: A Strategy for Conversion of Cephalosporin to 1-Carba(dethia)cephalosporin

Abstract A radical rearrangement approach to semisynthesis of the carbacephem class of β-lactam antibiotics is reported. The crucial bond construction in assembly of the carbacephem framework was accomplished by intramolecular C–C bond formation between an azetidin-2-one-4-yl and a pendant diene ester. This reactive intermediate was generated by fragmentation of a cephem derived radical followed by loss of sulfur dioxide. The radical precursor was prepared in 63% yield over four steps and the subsequent rearrangement reaction provided carbacephem products in a single step at 23% yield.
Electrical activity in electric tissue. I. The difference between tertiary and quaternary nitrogen compounds in relation to their chemical and electrical activities.

1. 1. The resting and action potentials of isolated electroplax of Electrophourus electricus have been recorded by means of intracellular electrodes, and their changes by compounds reacting specifically with the acetylcholine system have been studied. 2. 2. A method has been developed which permits the assay of a major portion (about two-thirds_) of acetylcholinesterase activity in intact electroplaques. The procedure is based upon the use of ethyl chloroacetate as the substrate. 3. 3. The combination of these two methods made possible a correlation between the effect on the electrical potentials and that on the enzyme activity. 4. 4. The compounds tested can be divided into two groups: 4.1. i. Those which do not significantly affect the enzyme. This group comprises carbamylcholine, decamethonium and procaine. Acetylcholine, dimethylaminoethyl acetate and d-tubocurarine, not tested here in relation to esterase inhibition, are regarded as belonging to this group. 4.2. ii. Those which depress the assayable acethylcholinesterase activity to alos level at the time block of propagation of the action potential along the cell occurs; eserine, DFP, prostigmine and its tertiary analogue belong to this group. 4.3. 5. All the quaternary compounds tested except d-tubocurarine block the spike and simultaneously depolarize the electroplaque membrane. All the tertiary compounds, except dimethylaminoethyl acetate, block the propagation of the spike without depolarization. 4.4. 6. DFP blocks the conduction of the spike without simultaneous depolarization. 4.5. 7. The depolarization caused by carbomylcholine is antagonized by procaine, eserine, d-tubocurarine and the tertiary prostigmine analogue. 4.6. 8. It is concluded that the compounds which do not depolarize, block propagation of the action potential by competition with acetylcholine for the same receptor. A similar mechanism underlies their antagonism to carbamylcholine. These result suggest that the combination of a substance with the acetylcholine receptor does not necessarily cause depolarization. The latter effect is apparently determined by a special change of the receptor attending the binding of a specif chemical structure, in which one important characteristic seems to be the presence of a methylated quaternary nitrogen group. 4.7. 9. The results are discussed in connection with previous observations with the enzyme proteins of the system in solution.
XPS Measurement of the SiC/AlN Band-Offset at the (0001) Interface

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to determine the band-offset at the SiC/AIN (0001) interface. First, the valence band spectra are determined for bulk materials and analyzed with the help of calculated densities of states. Core levels are then measured across the interface for a thin film of 2H-AIN on 6H-SiC and allow us to extract a band offset of 1.4 ±0.3 eV. The analysis of the discrepancies between measured peak positions and densities of states obtained within the local density approximation provides information on self-energy corrections in good agreement with independent calculations of the latter.
Spectrum Coupon Testing of Fatigue-Resistant Fasteners for an Aging Military Aircraft

An experimental program of work was undertaken to assess the life improvement gained through utilizing cold expansion technology to enhance the resistance of cracking at fatigue critical locations (FCLs) in an aging military trainer aircraft. The FCLs considered included a countersunk hole and nutplate on two different wing spars. The overall goal of the experimental work was to provide a comparative assessment of the influence of the major variables examined, which included cold expansion method and process, hole size, countersink size, nutplate geometry, flight spectrum, and joint configurations. The results of this work clearly illustrated the inherent sensitivity of life improvement factors to the myriad of variables involved. Nevertheless, the foregoing experimental work clearly demonstrated the valuable life improvement that is provided by cold expansion for nearly all cases examined.
Possession in humans: An exploratory study of its meaning and motivation.

This-study examined the nature of possession and ownership in a developmental and cross-cultural context. It was an exploratory study attempting to map out the various dimensions of the meaning of possession, and the motivation for possessive behavior. An open-ended interview was administered to (a) 150 American subjects, 30 at each of five age levels (kindergarten, second, fifth, and eleventh grades, and 40- to 50-year-old adults), and (b) 120 Israeli subjects, 60 from the kibbutz and 60 from the city (in each case, 30 of kindergarten age and 30 of fifth-grade age). A content analysis was performed on the interview responses. The resulting dimensions of the meaning of possession and of the motivation for possession are presented, and the relative saliencies of these dimensions for the different age and cultural groups are discussed. Of particular importance to all ages and cultural groups were the two dimensions of (a) effectance and control of possessions, and (b) positive affect for possessions. A large number of other dimensions were also obtained, often differing in their relative importance at different ages. It is hoped that the results will lay the foundations for subsequent empirical work on this topic.
Performance And Operation Of The Upgraded Nova Laser

Over the past year, the Nova laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been undergoing major refurbishment. Concurrently, an extensive research program has been undertaken to characterize and understand, in detail, the characteristics of Nova and the factors which limit its performance. As a result of these combined efforts, Nova now exceeds its original performance goals. Among the topics discussed are the substitution of platinum free laser glass in the power amplifier section of the Nova beamlines; increased frequency conversion efficiency, and large optic damage resulting from transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering. When we have implemented the necessary changes on all 10 Nova beamlines, we will soon be able to routinely deliver 120 kilojoules of energy at 1.053 μm, and 75 kilojoules at 0.351 μm.
Hydrogen peroxide loaded cellulose acetate mats as controlled topical O2 delivery devices

Abstract In this study, sub and supercritical CO 2 are used as effective solvents to impregnate hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into cellulose acetate (CA) non-woven mats. As much as 25 wt% H 2 O 2 can be impregnated at operating conditions of 25–45 °C and 1200 psig. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows that H 2 O 2 -loaded CA mats lose more than 60% of available H 2 O 2 when quickly heated to 37 °C and held at this temperature for 60 min. However, in comparison, pure H 2 O 2 –H 2 O (50:50 w/w) solution evaporates 100% within 15 min at this same temperature. Shelf-life studies show that H 2 O 2 -loaded CA mats lose ∼50% and ∼100% of available H 2 O 2 in 30 days, when stored at 2–8 °C and 20–23 °C, respectively. H 2 O 2 slowly diffuses and subsequently evaporates from the CA mat at a rate determined by the diffusion of H 2 O 2 through the CA fibers. We envision applying a thin polymer coating to the CA mat to suppress diffusional losses of H 2 O 2 , thus leading to an increased product shelf-life. These mats should find use as bandages for the continuous delivery of O 2 for advanced wound care. In vitro studies presented here demonstrate that the developed bandages produce O 2 at a controlled rate for 24 h.
A Monte Carlo Study of Robust Estimators of Location

Andrews et al (1972) carried out an extensive Monte Carlo study of robust estimators of location. Their conclusions were that the hampel and the skipped estimates, as classes, seemed to be preferable to some of the other currently fashionable estimators. The present study extends this work to include estimators not previously examined. The estimators are compared over short-tailed as well as long-tailed alternatives and also over some dependent data generated by first-order autoregressive schemes. The conclusions of the present study are threefold. First, from our limited study, none of the so-called robust estimators are very efficient over short-tailed situations. More work seems to be necessary in this situation. Second, none of the estimators perform very well in dependent data situations, particularly when the correlation is large and positive. This seems to be a rather pressing problem. Finally, for long-tailed alternatives, the hampel estimators and Hogg-type adaptive versions of the hampels are th...
Immunocytochemical localization of γ-aminobutyric acid in the rat hippocampal formation

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) was detected immunocytochemically in the rat hippocampal formation utilizing a new antiserum made against GABA conjugated to bovine serum albumin. GABA immunoreactivity was found to be concentrated in pericellular networks of fibers around both dentate granule and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that GABA-immunoreactive (IR) terminals most often contained small clear vesicles and made symmetrical contacts with somata and dendritic shafts of hippocampal neurons. In addition, numerous GABA-IR neurons resembled basket interneurons that have been described in previous reports.
Length Scales of Turbulence Near a Free Surface

Abstract : Two-point correlations, energy spectra, and length scales are examined in the vicinity of a free surface, modeled as a shear-free boundary in a direct numerical simulation of open channel flow. The length scale results indicate that a typical eddy is flattened as it interacts with the surface. The scales associated with the vertical component of velocity seem to determine the extent of the source layer described in the Hunt-Graham model. The energy spectra show qualitative agreement with the model, though higher resolution calculations will be required to make more quantitative comparisons. Additionally, the proximity of the free surface to the bottom solid wall of the channel evidences itself as a wall-layer streaky structure which persists to a noticeably greater distance away from the wall. Some speculations are offered to explain this effect.
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS IMMUNE RABBIT SERUMS ON THE CELLS OF SEVERAL TRANSPLANTED MOUSE LYMPHOMAS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INHIBITION BY AN ANTIBODY THAT REACTS WITH NEOPLASTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC LYMPHOCYTIC CELLS OF MICE

Immune serums prepared in rabbits with antigens made from normal mouse organs and tissues that were presumably devoid of large numbers of lymphocytic cells (notably kidney, liver, brain, whole embryos, and erythrocytes) proved lethal for the cells of several transplanted mouse lymphomas in vitro in the presence of complement; but these immune serums, when given intraperitoneally in large amounts to susceptible mice that had been implanted subcutaneously with lymphoma cells of one or another of several types, failed entirely to inhibit growth of the lymphoma cells in vivo . In contrast, immune serums made with cells procured from transplanted mouse lymphomas as antigens, and those made with cells from normal mouse thymus or lymph nodes, acted even more powerfully upon the several types of lymphoma cells in vitro than did the immune serums prepared with normal mouse organs, and when given intraperitoneally to implanted mice they brought about death of the lymphoma cells in vivo , the effect being to a considerable extent specific and referable to an antibody that reacts with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphocytic cells of mice, as absorption experiments disclosed. In comparative tests, furthermore, the anti-lymphoma serums acted more powerfully upon the lymphoma cells in vivo than did such chemotherapeutic agents as amethopterin, azaguanine, ethionine, azaserine, and 6-mercaptopurine, given singly or in various combinations in maximal tolerated amounts, though their effects were not so powerful as those exerted by normal guinea pig serum on lymphoma cells of two types that are susceptible to its action in vivo . The significance of the findings was briefly discussed.
SOCIETY FOR HUMANISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY

Accomplishments during the period covered. The Officers for the Year of the Report: President: Jeanne Simonelli (2004-2006), simonejm@wfu.edu Vice-President and President-Elect: Michael Harkin (2004-2006) Immediate Past President: Alma Gottlieb (2002-2004), ajgottli@uiuc.edu Treasurer: Frederic W. Gleach, fwg2@twcny.rr.com Secretary: Vilma Santiago-Irizarry (2003-2006), vs23@cornell.edu Co-Editors for SHA column in AN: Frederic W. Gleach, fwg2@twcny.rr.com and Vilma Santiago-Irizarry, vs23@cornell.edu Editor of Anthropology and Humanism: Edith Turner (2003-2006), elt9w@virginia.edu Board Members: Roy Richard Grinker (2003-2005), rgrink@gwu.edu, Michelle Johnson (2003-2006), mjohnson@bucknell.edu Duncan Earle (2003-2006), dearle@utep.edu Robbie Davis-Floyd (2003-2006), davis-floyd@mail.utexas.edu Patty Kelly (2005-2007) Jonathan Skinner (2005-2007)
Relationship between trans-column eddy diffusion and retention in liquid chromatography: theory and experimental evidence.

Abstract Experimental results demonstrate that trans-column eddy diffusion depends on the retention of compounds. The combination of elution profiles recorded in different points of the exit column cross-section and of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) of small molecules clearly show a strong link between retention and column performance in liquid chromatography. These results validate a new model of trans-column eddy diffusion in packed columns. The contribution to the column HETP of the trans-column eddy diffusion term decreases with increasing retention factor from k′ = 0 to k′ = 3 above which it becomes negligible. The best column performance in RPLC is observed for the most retained compounds. This is due to the combination of the lack of a residual trans-column eddy diffusion contribution and the vanishing contribution of the instrument to band broadening.
Spherical averages and applications to spherical splines and interpolation

This article introduces a method for computing weighted averages on spheres based on least squares minimization that respects spherical distance. We prove existence and uniqueness properties of the weighted averages, and give fast iterative algorithms with linear and quadratic convergence rates. Our methods are appropriate to problems involving averages of spherical data in meteorological, geophysical, and astronomical applications. One simple application is a method for smooth averaging of quaternions, which generalizes Shoemake's spherical linear interpolation.The weighted averages methods allow a novel method of defining Bezier and spline curves on spheres, which provides direct generalization of Bezier and B-spline curves to spherical spline curves. We present a fast algorithm for spline interpolation on spheres. Our spherical splines allow the use of arbitrary knot positions; potential applications of spherical splines include smooth quaternion curves for applications in graphics, animation, robotics, and motion planning.
Wie reagieren Personen in einer reziproken Situation

In der Literatur zur Mikrookonomik existiert in den letzten Jahren eine rege Forschung zum Thema, ob und wie es Personen im Umgang mit anderen Personen gelingt, einen Ausgleich zwischen egoistischem und altruistischem Verhalten herbeizufuhren. Diese Forschungsrichtung betrachtet fast ausnahmslos Situationen, in der die Akteure derselben Gruppe angehoren, deren Mitglieder normalerweise kooperieren. Solche Gruppen werden in der sozialpsychologischen Literatur als Ingroups bezeichnet. Im ersten Teil dieser Abhandlung werden zunachst die Theorien vorgestellt, die in der Literatur diskutiert werden, um die Reaktionen von Personen auf das Verhalten anderer Personen aus derselben Ingroup vorherzusagen. Inhalt dieser Theorien sind Egoismus (synonym: homo oeconomicus, Eigennutzprinzip), Altruismus, Equity (synonym: Aversion gegen Ungleichheit) und Reziprozitat. Anschliesend wird eine alternative Theorie vorgestellt, die menschliche Reaktionen auf das Bestreben zuruckfuhrt, das Wohlbefinden der eigenen Person und das Wohlbefinden von Personen aus Ingroups zu bewahren. Die hieraus abgeleitete Regel wird als Break-Even-Prinzip bezeichnet und ist unseres Wissens in der Literatur noch nicht thematisiert worden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Abhandlung werden bereits vorhandene Forschungsergebnisse ausgewertet. Diese Analyse stutzt die hier entwickelte Theorie. Der dritte Teil enthalt die Ergebnisse aus zwei neuen Experimenten. Im ersten Experiment wird der Effekt der Ingroup-Outgroup-Zugehorigkeit auf menschliches Reagieren mit Hilfe eines spieltheoretischen Experiments uberpruft. Im zweiten Experiment wird getestet, ob das Break-Even-Prinzip, an dem sich Personen in Ingroup-Beziehungen offensichtlich orientieren, auch angewendet wird, wenn sie sich in die Rolle von Konsumenten hineinbegeben und eine durch einen starken Interessenkonflikt gekennzeichnete Transaktion mit einem Anbieter stattfindet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Personen in der Rolle als Konsumenten diesem Prinzip unter bestimmten Bedingungen folgen.
Forming multi-cycle tests for delay faults by concatenating broadside tests

A multi-cycle (or multi-pattern) scan-based test consists of several primary input patterns, which are applied consecutively in functional mode, between scan operations. Multi-cycle tests can reduce the total number of cycles needed to achieve a target fault coverage. Additionally, such tests exercise the circuit in its functional mode of operation during several clock cycles where the primary input patterns are applied. This is important for detecting defects that are not detected with two-pattern scan-based tests. However, a complete test generation process for multi-pattern tests requires sequential test generation. To generate multi-pattern tests with arbitrary numbers of patterns without performing full sequential test generation, and targeting delay faults, we use a broadside test set as a basis for test generation. We introduce the operation of concatenating broadside tests, and describe a procedure that uses it to form multi-cycle tests. We present experimental results demonstrating that the test sets require significantly fewer test cycles than broadside test sets, for the same transition fault coverage.
Do women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss have higher day 3 serum FSH and estradiol values

Abstract Objective: To determine the potential role of diminished ovarian reserve in unexplained habitual abortion. Design: Retrospective comparative analysis. Setting: University-based practice. Patient(s): Fifty-seven women who presented for evaluation of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Intervention(s): The test group (n = 36) comprised women with unexplained RPL. The control group (n = 21) comprised women with a known cause of RPL. Mean age, parity, day 3 serum FSH and E 2 levels, and presence or absence of a history of infertility were compared between groups. Main Outcome Measure(s): Day 3 serum FSH and E 2 levels. Result(s): Both day 3 FSH and E 2 levels were elevated in the unexplained group compared with the control group. When combined, FSH or E 2 levels, or both, were elevated in 58% of the unexplained RPL group and 19% of the control group (odds ratio, 5.95 [95% CI, 1.7–21.3]; P Conclusion(s): Women with unexplained RPL have a greater incidence of elevated day 3 serum FSH and E 2 levels than do women with a known cause of RPL. Therefore, diminished ovarian reserve may contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss and should be considered part of the work-up for RPL.
Medullary peritubular capillary thrombi: a harbinger of sickle cell nephropathy.

A previously healthy, 14-year-old African-American female presented with a 1-week history of fatigue, scleral icterus, and darkened urine. Transaminases were elevated with an aspartate transaminase of 1258 U/l and an alanine aminotransferase of 1636 U/l. Serologic work-up was negative for hepatitis A, B, and C viral infection but positive for antinuclear antibody (1:1280) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (200, reference: <25). Additional serologic studies for anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-SSA, and anti-SSB antibodies were negative. A liver biopsy showed severe autoimmune hepatitis, and immunosuppressive therapy was initiated. One week later, the patient noted a change in urine color to maroon. A urinalysis revealed 3+ blood and 1+ protein. Serum creatinine was 0.6 mg/dl. Due to concern for a systemic autoimmune process, a kidney biopsy was performed.
Experimental investigations of trace element fractionation in iron meteorites, II: The influence of sulfur

The partitioning of Ir, Ge, Ga, W, Cr, Au, P, and Ni between solid metal and metallic liquid is investigated as a function of temperature and the S-concentration of the metallic liquid. The partition coefficients for siderophile elements, such as Ir, W, Ga, and Ge, are found to increase by factors of 10-100 as the S-concentration of the metallic liquid increases from 0-30 wt percent. Partition coefficients for other siderophile elements, such as Ni, Au, and P, increase by factors of only 2-3. In contrast, a decrease is seen in the partition coefficients for the more chalcophile element Cr. These experimentally determined coefficients are used in conjunction with a fractional crystallization model to reproduce the geochemical behavior of Ni, P, Au, and Ir during the magmatic evolution of groups IIAB, IIIAB, IVA and IVB iron meteorites. The mean S-concentration for each group increases in the order IVB, IVA, IIIAB, IIAB, which is in accordance with cosmochemical prediction. However, the geochemical behavior of Ge, Ga, W, and Cr cannot be reproduced in an internally consistent way. It is concluded that the magmatic histories of these iron meteorite groups are more complex than has been generally assumed.
Two-color imaging by the use of patterned optical filters bonded to focal-plane-array detectors

Two-color imaging by the use of a patterned optical filter directly bonded to a HgCdTe focal-plane array is demonstrated. The optical filter is spatially patterned, by multilayer lithographic techniques, to provide multicolor response in the midwavelength infrared by the use of a single substrate.
Further Studies on Toxicity of Thioacetamide in Rats

SummaryScarring and nodular hyperplasia of the liver were produced in rats maintained on an otherwise adequate diet containing 0.032% thioacetamide (TA). Administration of lipotropic factors (choline or dl-methionine and casein) in conjunction with 0.032% TA significantly decreased liver weight when compared to body weight. On the other hand histological examination of the livers from rats on the diet containing 30% casein in conjunction with 0.032% TA (Diet 3) showed the least severe changes, while the livers of rats on Diet 2 (dl-methionine) showed the most severe changes. Since fibrosis and various degrees of parenchymal lesions were observed in all rats on 0.032% TA with and without the added lipotropic factors, it cannot be said that any of the lipotropic factors studied were effective in preventing liver damage, although there appears to have been a quantitative alteration in the character of the lesion.
An automatic temperature control apparatus for micro-electrode techniques.

Abstract This report describes a system for maintaining the temperature of a small preparation chamber constant at any temperature between 5 and 37°C. The device is useful for the application of micro-electrode techniques to examine the effects of temperature on nerve cells.
INTERPRETATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF DYSPROSIUM

Dysprosium is ferromagnetic below 85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, antiferromagnetic between 85 and 179\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and paramagnetic above 179\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The spontaneous magnetic moment lies always in the basal plane, and there is anisotropy in this plane below 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In the present paper it is shown that the magnetic properties can be interpreted in terms of a two-sublattice model and a phenomenological theory similar to a theory proposed by N\'eel. Detailed agreement for the magnetization curves in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regions is obtained.
Separation of Cobalt(III) Amine Complexes by Thin-Layer Chromatography: II. The Separation of Higher-Charged Cobalt(III) Complexes

Abstract A solvent system of formamide-methanol-glacial acetic acid has been found to be particularly useful in the separation of the geometrical isomers of di- and tripositive cobalt(III) amine complexes from each other. Best separations are obtained for the various aquo complexes, so that this method may be of value in the study of hydrolysis or solvolysis reactions of these complexes.
Heat capacity, thermal expansion and electrical resistivity of an 8 a/o aluminum-plutonium (delta-phase stabilized) alloy below 300°K

Abstract The heat capacity and thermal expansion data for a delta-phase stabilized aluminum-plutonium alloy are represented by curves and least-squares equations for the temperature region below 300°K. A curve for electrical resistivity of the alloy is given. The results of physical measurements indicate the major role of time-dependent cooperative phenomena. Values of the electronic contribution coefficient, Debye characteristic temperature, entropy, and enthalpy are reported, and comparisons made of the observed behavior of high-purity plutonium and the stabilized alloy.
Further Studies on the Whole Blood and Tube Methods of Testing Turkeys for Salmonella Pullorum Infection

Abstract SINCE the stained antigen rapid whole blood test developed by Shaffer et al. (1931) has proven to be a practical means of detecting S. pullorum in chicken breeding flocks, there is much interest in a similar test for turkeys. Hinshaw et al. (1940) and Bushnell (1945) reported that the tube test used by the Research Workers in Animal Diseases. (1933) was more efficient than the rapid whole blood violet antigen test in detecting carriers of S. pullorum among turkeys. Gauger (1947) reported close agreement between the rapid whole blood K-antigen and tube tests when the agglutination was complete at 1:25 or higher dilution. Corpron et al. (1947) found that agglutinins due to S. pullorum were detected earlier and for a longer time by the tube test, than by the whole blood test when using either K-antigen or turkey redigen. Garland, Winter and Amiet (1949) reported close agreement between the tube . . .
Semiconductor Nanowires with and without Metal Shell: What is the Ultimate Size Limit of a Nanolaser?

We present results in growth, laser demonstration, and theoretical modelling of GaSb nanowires. We study in particular the issue of how to reduce the size of a semiconductor nanowire laser using a semiconductor-core-metal-shell structure.
Confidentiality With Minors: The Need for Policy to Promote and Protect

This article presents research about school counselors' attitudes toward breaching confidentiality that the authors conducted immediately before and after the tragic shootings at Columbine High School in April 1999. Two groups of school counselors were demographically similar but differed significantly in their predictions as to whether they would breach confidentiality and in their attitudes toward certain aspects of school counselor practice such as informed consent. School counselors at all levels of employment reported that they were less likely to breach confidentiality after the highly publicized high school shootings and that they were more responsible to their minor clients than to the parents of those clients. Implications for policy makers are discussed.
CHALLENGES OF EVALUATING SENSORY ATTRIBUTES IN THE PRESENCE OF OFF-FLAVORS (GEOSMIN AND 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL)

The impact of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) (earthy/musty), on the flavor evaluation of farm-raised catfish was assessed by a descriptive analysis panel, who are trained to evaluate flavor intensity using universal scales. Ideally, panelists should give the same intensity ratings for all attributes within a sample. Realistically, individual panelists perceive flavor intensity differently, because of variations in detection thresholds, adaptation, fatigue and enhancement or suppression. Experiments were designed to investigate problems associated with evaluating catfish flavor. Samples “spiked” with MIB had lower chickeny flavor than unspiked. Intensities of MIB in spiked samples that followed an equally spiked sample were lower. Problems can occur when catfish are presented at intervals less than 7 min. Panelists experienced difficulty in determining intensity differences of MIB flavor between sessions, but could determine differences in intensity of MIB within a session. These influences must be accounted for in experimental designs to assess catfish flavors.
Tryptic peptide comparison of Ia antigen alpha and beta polypeptides from the I-A mutant B6.C-H-2bm12 and its congenic parental strain B6.

Previous studies of the B5.C-H-2 bm12 (bm12) strain have demonstrated the presence of a mutation localized to the I-A subregion of the mouse H-2 major histocompatibility complex. This mutation has been shown to be responsible for defects in Ir-gene function in Ia and MLR determinants. A comparison of the molecular size of the bm12 mutant and the parental B6 Ia-antigen component polypeptides failed to demonstrate any differences in the alpha and beta polypeptides. Thus, no major structural additions for deletions are present in the Ia alpha and beta chain polypeptide or carbohydrate structure. A significant decrease in the amount of invariant (31K) polypeptide was, however, consistently observed in the bm12 Ia antigen preparations. Tryptic peptide comparisons of 14C B6 and 3H bm 12 alpha and beta polypeptides demonstrated a limited number of peptide differences in the bm 12 beta polypeptide but none in the bm12 alpha polypeptide. The significance of these biochemical mutations and altered biological phenomena are discussed in relation to a model of the immunological interaction sites on Ia antigens.
Platelet alpha2 adrenoreceptors in chronic congestive heart failure

Patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) are known to have elevated plasma concentrations of norepinephrine. Although this elevation of catecholamines in plasma may facilitate myocardial contractility, it may also be toxic to the myocardium in the long term. The alpha2 adrenoreceptor located on noradrenergic nerve terminals regulates neuronal norepinephrine release by feedback inhibition. This receptor is also located on human blood platelets. This study determines, the status of platelet alpha;! adrenoreceptors in 16 patients with CHF (class I and II in 7 and class Ill and IV in 9) and in 26 normal volunteers. Specific high-affinity binding of the alpha* agonist 3H-clonidine and the alpha* antagonist 3H-yohimbine was used to determine the number (B,,,) of alpha* receptors and the dissociation constant (Ku) for the 2 ligands. In the control population, the B,,, (in fmol/mg protein) for 3Hclonidine was 33 f 2 and for 3H-yohimbine was 165 f 12. There was a 25 % difference in the maximum number of specific binding sites for 3H-clonidine in the class III/IV group (B,,, 24 f 2, p X0.05) and a 43 % difference in the maximum number of specific binding sites for 3H-yohimbine (B,,, 94 f 9; p <0.005). There was a smaller but nonsignificant difference in the number of receptors on platelets from patients in the class I and II group. The Ku’s were similar in all 3 groups. These differences correlated well with the increases in plasma norepinephrine levels between the normal group (273.6 f 44.1 pg/ml) and the class III/IV group (1333.5 f 244.9, p <0.0005). This study supports the hypothesis that increased levels of circulating norepinephrine in CHF lead to a decrease in platelet alpha* adrenoreceptors. Further studies should be performed to determine whether pharmacologic stimulation of these receptors might lead to a decrease in the neuronal release of that norepinephrine which might be toxic to the myocardium. Monitoring of platelet alpha* adrenoreceptor number may provide a guide to therapy of CHF.
Sommeil et respiration dans le syndrome “apnee au cours du sommeil” chez l'enfant☆

Resume Le diagnostic de syndrome “apnees au cours du sommeil” fut porte chez huit enfants âges de 5 a 14 ans. Le sommeil et la respiration de ces cas furent etudies de facon intensive avant toute tentative de traitement. Puis sommeil et respiration furent de nouveau etudies 3 mois apres ablation des amygdales et vegetations (6 cas) ou tracheostomie avec pose d'une valve (2 cas). Une etude a long terme fut faite sur les deux enfants tracheostomises avec pose d'une valve. Chez ces enfants, qui ont une respiration normale pendant l'eveil, le sommeil induit l'apparition d'apnees. Trois types d'apnees (centrales, mixtes et des “voies aeriennes superieures”) s'observent dans chaque cas. Au cours d'une nuit, le nombre minimum d'apnees enregistre fut 75, le nombre maximum fut 816. Une profonde perturbation du sommeil s'observe lors de l'enregistrement polygraphique. Les modifications portent sur l'aspect de l'electroencephalogramme et sur la structure du sommeil. Le temps de sommeil paradoxal est generalement diminue, mais les modifications portent aussi sur les stades 3–4. Il semble y avoir une relation entre respiration et stades 3–4. Lorsque les apnees sont multiples, les stades 3–4 sont inexistants. Lorsque le stade 4 est present, les apnees disparaissent. Les etudes faites avec valves ouverte et fermees au cours du sommeil dans deux cas confirment ce fait. Enfin les apnees entrainent d'importantes arrythmies au cours du sommeil.
Calmodulin and caimodulin‐binding proteins in the morphological transformation of sea urchin coelomocytes

Sea urchin coelomocytes contain an actin-based cytoskeleton that undergoes major organizational changes as the cells transform from one morphology (petaloid) to another (filopodial). The molecular mechanisms directing and regulating this cytoskeletal reorganization are not well understood; Ca2+ has been implicated, but the specific targets of its action have not been identified. Since the effect of Ca2+ on a variety of cellular processes has been shown to be mediated by the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin, we investigated the role of this protein in coelomocyte morphological transformation. The calmodulin inhibitory drugs trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and calmidazolium were shown to inhibit coelomocyte morphological transformation in response to hypotonic shock in a dosedependent fashion and at concentrations consistent with their reported potencies as anti-calmodulin agents. Calmodulin isolated from coelomocytes using trifluorophenothiazine affinity chromatography co-migrates with bovine brain calmodulin on 15% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and demonstrates a characteristic shift in electrophoretic mobility in the presence of Ca2+. Another diagnostic for calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent activation of exogenous 3':5' cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, was demonstrated by whole coelomocyte homogenates, heat-treated homogenates, and the affinity purified coelomocyte protein. Localization of calmodulin in coelomocytes by indirect immunofluorescence reveals an association of calmodulin, at least in part, with the actin-based cytoskeleton. Calmodulin-binding polypeptides with estimated relative mobilities of 240,000, 195,000, 170,000, 70,000, 60,000, 30,000, and 20,000 daltons were identified using 125I-calmodulin overlay procedures. Ca2+-dependent calmodulin-binding in these preparations was demonstrated for all but the Mr 30,000 and 20,000 coelomocyte polypeptides. The majority of the calmodulin-binding proteins identified in whole petaloid coelomocyte preparations are also found in Triton X-100 insoluble cytoskeletal fractions. Immunoblotting with antiserum raised against chicken erythrocyte alpha-spectrin suggests that the 240,000 Mr calmodulin-binding polypeptide corresponds to coelomocyte alpha-spectrin. This protein was enriched in isolated coelomocyte filopodia where, we propose, it serves an analogous function to its counterpart in erythrocytes, in linking the actin-cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Thus, calmodulin is present in coelomocytes and possibly participates in the morphological transformation of these cells through regulation of cytoskeletal and/or membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.
On the Collapsing Rate of the Kähler–Ricci Flow with Finite-Time Singularity

We study the collapsing behavior of the Kahler–Ricci flow on a compact Kahler manifold X admitting a holomorphic submersion $X \xrightarrow{\pi} \varSigma$ , where Σ is a Kahler manifold with $\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\varSigma< \dim_{\mathbb{C}}X$ . We give cohomological and curvature conditions under which the fibers π −1(z), z∈Σ collapse at the optimal rate $\operatorname{diam}_{t} (\pi^{-1}(z)) \sim(T-t)^{1/2}$ .