cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status, unemployment experience, and political participation: A disentangling of main and interaction effects

A clarification of the effects of unemployment on political participation attitudes and behaviors is developed by contrasting the effect of unemployment experience across categories of socioeconomic status. Data on employed and unemployed heads of household are drawn from the 1976 University of Michigan national presidential election survey. The results indicate both main and interaction effects. Regardless of employment status, lower socioeconomic status respondents are less committed to voting, feel less efficacious, are less interested in politics, and are less politically active than persons of higher status. However, participation attitudes and behaviors are more adversely affected by unemployment experience among those of lower than higher status. Among higher status respondents, attitudes toward self (i.e., feelings of efficacy) and political interest—but not political activity or attitude toward the importance of participation—are altered by unemployment.
Three Dimensional Properties of Magnetic Beam Transport Elements

Analytical and experimental methods to describe precisely, in three dimensions, the magnetic fields of beam transport elements will be discussed. The influence of the fringing field on beam optical properties and magnet design will be presented. With appropriate boundary conditions the field components are expressed in terms of the magnetic potential to arbitrarily high orders with empirical coefficients and are grouped in a form to avoid the divergence of higher order terms. As an accurate description of the true field is obtained, a very precise trajectory can be computed for a known momentum. In addition, the more useful inverse problem of finding the momentum of a particle with known input and output trajectory coordinates is attacked. The trajectory solution is expressed as the sum of an analytical part plus perturbation terms. The first order solution for the momentum is easily obtained and the convergence of the subsequent perturbation calculations is very rapid even for extreme rays. The value of this method, with its precise treatment of fringing fields, is emphasized by treating in detail a wide angle spectrometer (120-in. wide, 36-in. long, 24-in. gap). The perturbation technique shows promise that an accurate instantaneous read-out of the momentum can be obtained by employing a modest number of perturbation corrections stored in the memory of the computer.
Editorial: Publication of Proceedings Papers--Revisited

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: Publication of Proceedings Papers--Revisited” for OE Vol. 31 Issue 06
Genetics and biochemical mechanisms of abamectin resistance in two isogenic strains of Colorado potato beetle

Abstract Abamectin resistance in two isogenic strains of Colorado potato beetle was determined to be autosomal, incompletely recessive, and polygenic. Both resistant strains exhibited high levels of synergism to piperonyl butoxide and moderate levels to S,S,S ,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate compared to that of a susceptible strain as judged by synergistic ratio and relative percentage synergism values. Both resistant strains had significantly elevated levels of cytochrome P 450 and oxidative metabolites of [ 3 H]abamectin B 1a under both in vivo and in vitro conditions compared to those of the susceptible strain. High levels of oxidative synergism, elevated cytochrome P 450 levels, and increased amounts of oxidative metabolites of [ 3 H]avermectin B 1a substantiate a monooxygenase-based resistance mechanism. Additionally, the polygenetic form of resistance, esteratic synergism, and elevated hydrolytic activity indicate the possibility of a carboxylesterase-based resistance mechanism. The lack of hydrolytic metabolites of [ 3 H]avermectin B 1a and low inhibitory action of abamectin on carboxylesterase activity, however, suggest principally a sequestration role for the resistant carboxylesterase. Penetration and excretion factors play no significant role in resistance nor does there appear to be a significant glutathione- S -transferase component in the abamectin-resistant strains.
Somatic Cell Counts and Infection Rates for Cows of Varying Somatic Cell Count in Initial Test of First Lactation

Abstract Somatic cell counts (log, base 2) and rates of infection in first and subsequent lactations were examined by classes of somatic cell count in initial test day of first lactation to determine if cows with initially low counts were more at risk to subsequent mastitis infection. Classes of initial somatic cell counts were 400,000. Differences among initial classes in subsequent cell counts were small, but the initial rank of classes was maintained throughout the remainder of first lactations and in subsequent lactations. Differences among initial classes for rates of infection in first and subsequent lactations consistently favored low initial cell counts. Results gave no indication that cows initially low in cell count are at greater risk of subsequent mastitis infection.
Wound-induced superoxide production and PAL activity decline with potato tuber age and wound healing ability

Wound healing of potato tubers involves the concerted action of several enzymes that facilitate polymerization of phenolics into suberin at the wound site. A decline in the efficiency of healing and resistance to pathogens with advancing tuber age was associated with reduced ability of older tubers to produce superoxide radicals (FRs) in response to wounding. Autophotographs of luminol-treated longitudinal sections of tissue from 6-, 18- and 30-month-old tubers revealed a substantial decline in superoxide production at the wound surface with advancing age. Older tubers were less able to respond to wounding by increasing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity. This enzyme produces t-cinnamic acid, which constitutes a component of the phenolic domain of suberin, and is normally induced by wounding andlor ethylene. Interestingly, the ability of wounded tissue to oxidize exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to C 2 H 4 also decreased with advancing tuber age. The oxidation of ACC was inhibited by the FR scavenger, n-propyl gallate (PG), and inhibition was greatest in tissue from younger tubers, reflecting their greater ability to produce superoxide radicals upon wounding. Regardless of tuber age, 1-aminocyclohutane-1-carboxylic acid, an ACC oxidase inhibitor, did not inhibit C 2 H 4 generation from exogenous ACC. Hence, C 2 H 4 production from ACC by wounded tuber tissue is largely non-enzymatic and FR-driven, and thus serves as an indicator of the ability of wounded tissue to produce superoxide. Age-induced reduction in PAL activity and FR production at the wound surface probably limited the oxidative polymerization of phenolics into suberin during wound periderm formation. The age-induced loss in ability of wounded tissue to heal and resist pathogens is thus consistent with reduced synthesis and polymerization of phenolic adducts into suberin, a consequence of reduced FR and PAL activity at the wound surface.
Ethoxyzolamide repression of the low photorespiration state in two submersed angiosperms.

Net photosynthesis in the submersed angiosperms Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royal was inhibited by 21% O2, but the degree of inhibition was greater for plants in the high than in the low photorespiratory state. Increasing the CO2 concentration from 50 through 2,500 μl l-1 decreased the O2 inhibition of the high-photorespiration plants in a competitive manner, but it had no effect on the O2 inhibition of plants in the low photorespiratory state. Carbonic-anhydrase activity increased by almost threefold with the induction of the low photorespiratory state. Ethoxyzolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, reduced the net photosynthesis of low-photorespiration Myriophyllum and Hydrilla plants by 40%, but their dark respiration was unaffected. This ethoxyzolamide inhibition of net photosynthesis exhibited a competitive response to CO2 concentration, resulting in a decrease in the apparent affinity of photosynthesis for CO2. The net photosynthesis of plants in the high photorespiratory state was inhibited only slightly by ethoxyzolamide, and this inhibition was independent of the CO2 level. Ethoxyzolamide treatment caused an increase in the O2 inhibition of net photosynthesis of plants in the low photorespiratory state. Ethoxyzolamide increased the low CO2 compensation points of low-photorespiration Myriophyllum and Hydrilla, but the values for the high-photorespiration plants were unchanged. In comparison, the CO2 compensation points of the terrestrial plants Sorghum bicolor (C4), Moricandia arvensis (C3-C4 intermediate) and Nicotiana tabacum (C3) were unaltered by ethoxyzolamide treatment. These data indicate that the low photorespiratory state in Myriophyllum and Hydrilla is repressed by ethoxyzolamide treatment, thus implicating carbonic anhydrase as a component of the photorespiration-reducing mechanism in these plants. The competitive interaction of CO2 with ethoxyzolamide provides evidence that the low photorespiratory state in submersed angiosperms is the result of some type or types of CO2 concentrating mechanism. In Myriophyllum it may be via bicarbonate utilization, but in Hydrilla it probably takes the form of an inducible C4-type system.
Poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)s: Effect of structure, molecular weight, and polydispersity on their performance in polymer light-emitting diodes

Copolymers based on fluorene and benzothiadiazole exhibit high brightness and quantum efficiencies when incorporated into polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Their emission wavelength is strongly dependent on the benzothiadiazole-containing segment of the polymer. However, the chain structure and charge-transport and -transfer processes in these materials are not well studied. We report the synthesis of a structural-random (r-PF3B) and a structural-defined (s-PF3B) copolymer, poly-fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole whereas the ratio of the two co- monomers was chosen to be 75 % and 25 %, respectively. We have systematically investigated the effect of structure on their photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties. Furthermore we have also studied the effect of molecular weight and its distribution on the performance of the material in PL and EL. We have found that the absorption and emission spectra (PL and EL) of these polymers are quite independent of their structures, molecular weights, and polydispersity. However, the PL and EL efficiencies do vary with the materials studied. These materials were fabricated into a series of double-layer devices. Their external quantum efficiencies (ranging from 0.097 to 1.7 %) and maximum brightness (ranging from 153 to 23300 cd/m 2 ) are highly dependent on the structure as well as the molecular weight and polydispersity. The higher the molecular weight and the narrower the distribution are, the higher the efficiency and brightness of the devices. Likewise, the structure of the polymer also influences the efficiency. It was found that the structural-random copolymer (r-PF3B) exhibits higher efficiencies and brightness when compared with the structural-defined one (s-PF3B) in the same molecular weight range.
Phenomenology of dynamical symmetry breaking in QCD

A consistent treatment of the QCD quark propagator and quark-antiquark bound state equations is presented which follows the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio approach to the discussion of chiral symmetry breaking. An expression is obtained for the dynamical, momentum dependent, mass. In the approximation used here the dynamical mass is determined byM0, its value at zero momentum, and by the strong coupling constant αs and bare quark massm0. In the limiting case of no explicit chiral symmetry breaking. i.e.,m0=0, this expression coincides in form with the one obtained by Chang and Chang in their renormalization-group analysis. In this limit chiral symmetry remains broken and we show the explicit appearance of a Nambu-Goldstone pion. A consistent calculation of the pseudoscalar, scalar and vector meson masses gives values ofm0, αs andM0 well in step with other estimates. This makes possible a calculation offπ, the pion decay constant, in reasonable agreement with experiment.
Formation of graphitic structures in cobalt- and nickel-doped carbon aerogels.

We have prepared carbon aerogels (CAs) doped with cobalt or nickel through sol−gel polymerization of formaldehyde with the potassium salt of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, followed by ion exchange with M(NO3)2 (where M = Co2+ or Ni2+), supercritical drying with liquid CO2, and carbonization at temperatures between 400 and 1050 °C under a N2 atmosphere. The nanostructures of these metal-doped carbon aerogels were characterized by elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Metallic nickel and cobalt nanoparticles are generated during the carbonization process at about 400 and 450 °C, respectively, forming nanoparticles that are ∼4 nm in diameter. The sizes and size dispersion of the metal particles increase with increasing carbonization temperatures for both materials. The carbon frameworks of the Ni- and Co-doped aerogels carbonized below 600 °C mainly consist of interconnected carbon pa...
Understanding the critical path in power state transition latencies

Increasing demands on datacenter computing prompts research in energy-efficient warehouse scale systems. In one approach, server activation policies invoke low-power sleep states but the power state transition latency must be small to produce effective energy savings. Chrome OS and Arch Linux require 50ms and 650ms, respectively, to enter sleep states. These states consume merely 4--6% of nominal power. By analyzing the critical path, we propose strategies for selecting hardware components and optimizing kernel resume sequences to make datacenter server activation viable. With fast transitions, server activation can provide better performance at lower energy than dynamic voltage and frequency scaling.
Forskolin decreases sensitivity of brain adenylate cyclase to inhibition by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine.

The effects of forskolin on the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to ‘P’-site-mediated inhibition were studied. Stimulation of crude and purified preparations of adenylate cyclase by forskolin led to decreased sensitivity to inhibition by 2′,5′dideoxyadenosine with enzyme from rat and bovine brain. This is in contrast with the enhancement of P-site sensitivity induced by calmodulin, divalent cations, and stable GTP analogs and is in contrast with behavior seen with enzyme from liver and S49 cyc− membranes. The effect of forskolin on P-site sensitivity of the brain adenylate cyclase was not dependent on the presence of G-proteins or calmodulin. It was not the consequence of proteolysis nor was it due to an obvious artifact in the assay procedures. This distinct behavior of the brain enzyme is most likely due to a structural difference in the catalytic subunit.
Molecular evolution of magellan, a maize Ty3/gypsy like retrotransposon

The magellan transposable element is responsible for a spontaneous 5.7-kb insertion in the maize wx-M allele. This element has the sequence and structural characteristics of a Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposon. The magellan element is present in all Zea species and Tripsacum andersonii; it is absent, however, in the genomes of all other Tripsacum species analyzed. The genetic distances between magellan elements suggest that this retrotransposon is evolving faster than other Zea nuclear loci. The phylogeny of magellan within Zea and T. andersonii also reveals a pattern of interspecies transfers, resulting in the movement of magellan subfamilies between different species genomes. Interspecific hybridization may be a major mechanism by which this retrotransposon invades and establishes itself in new taxa.
A novel net-degree distribution model and its application to floorplanning benchmark generation

This paper characterizes the behaviour of multi-terminal nets in a circuit to provide an accurate estimation of interconnect net-degree distribution. Based on Rent's rule, we derived a new net-degree distribution model, called the weighted exponential model. Numerical evaluations show that weighted exponential model is more accurate than any other currently available net-degree distribution models. It generates from 18% to 87% smaller average absolute errors in the prediction of the total number of nets and average net degree. Moreover, it was observed that the internal fraction factor f, that represents the ratio of the number of new internal nets to the total number of new nets, similarly to Rent's rule, exhibits Regions II and III. With a refined value of f, our model can provide even more accurate estimation of net-degree distribution. A method to generate floorplanning benchmarks using weighted exponential model is presented. Thanks to the accuracy of new model and the introduction of a block-degree distribution, the significantly improved benchmark generator, BGen, outperforms a prototype tool we have previously developed using Zarkesh-Ha et al's model.
On a theorem of S. Smale about Newton's method for analytic mappings

Abstract A theorem of S.Smale [4] on the convergence of Newton's method for analytic functions holds only for mappings which are analytic on the entire space. The result is generalized to functions which are analytic on an open subset and, for the original case, when this subsetis the entire space the controlling constant given by Smale is improved.
Genital perceptions and sexual activity in a college population

Anecdotal evidence suggests that perceptions of the genitals—one's own and one's partner's—may be related to enjoyment of sexual activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among genital perceptions and performing and receiving oral sex, penile‐vaginal intercourse, and masturbation. Participants were 160 male and 160 female students at a large Midwestern university. Participants completed a questionnaire in which they indicated how well self‐statements describing genital perceptions and reasons for engaging in and not engaging in sexual activity applied to themselves. The results showed significant correlations between genital perceptions and sexual activity, such that higher levels of participation in and enjoyment of sexual activity, especially oral‐genital behavior, were associated with more positive and fewer negative genital perceptions. Men had more positive genital perceptions than did women for both their own and their sexual partner's genitals. These results are consisten...
Toward a user-guided manipulation framework for high-DOF robots with limited communication

This paper presents our progress toward a user-guided manipulation framework for high degree-of-freedom robots operating in environments with limited communication. The system we propose consists of three components: (1) a user-guided perception interface that assists the user in providing task-level commands to the robot, (2) planning algorithms that autonomously generate robot motion while obeying relevant constraints, and (3) a trajectory execution and monitoring system which detects errors in execution. We report quantitative experiments performed on these three components and qualitative experiments of the entire pipeline with the PR2 robot turning a valve for the DARPA robotics challenge. We also describe how the framework was ported to the Hubo2+ robot with minimal changes which demonstrates its applicability to different types of robots.
Comparison of Latanoprost and Timolol in Patients with Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma: A Six-month, Masked, Multicenter Trial in the United States

Purpose: Latanoprost, a new prostaglandin analogue, was compared with timolol for ocular hypotensive efficacy and side effects. Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel group study, 268 patients with ocular hypertension or early primary open-angle glaucoma received either 0.005% Latanoprost once daily or 0.5% timolol twice daily for 6 months. All except ten patients from each group successfully completed the study. Results: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly ( P P Conclusion: Latanoprost has the potential for becoming a new first-line treatment for glaucoma.
Hypothalamic IKKβ/NF-κB and ER Stress Link Overnutrition to Energy Imbalance and Obesity

Overnutrition is associated with chronic inflammation in metabolic tissues. Whether metabolic inflammation compromises the neural regulatory systems and therefore promotes overnutrition-associated diseases remains unexplored. Here we show that a mediator of metabolic inflammation, IKKbeta/NF-kappaB, normally remains inactive although enriched in hypothalamic neurons. Overnutrition atypically activates hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB at least in part through elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus. While forced activation of hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB interrupts central insulin/leptin signaling and actions, site- or cell-specific suppression of IKKbeta either broadly across the brain or locally within the mediobasal hypothalamus, or specifically in hypothalamic AGRP neurons significantly protects against obesity and glucose intolerance. The molecular mechanisms involved include regulation by IKKbeta/NF-kappaB of SOCS3, a core inhibitor of insulin and leptin signaling. Our results show that the hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB program is a general neural mechanism for energy imbalance underlying obesity and suggest that suppressing hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB may represent a strategy to combat obesity and related diseases.
1673 BENIGN EFFECTS OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID (AF) ASPIRATION IN NEONATAL RABBIT PUPS

Aspiration of AF is considered by many to be a cause of respiratory distress. We investigated the effect of aspiration of human AF on the newborn rabbit. 85 cesarean delivered pups (30-31 days gest) were given 0.4 ml (11 ml/kg mean) AF, saline or 10% meconium solution by transtracheal puncture prior to the first breath. Controls were sham-injected. Tc99 added to the aspiration fluids demonstrated thorough distribution on lung scan. All meconium animals died in <15 min. Chest radiographs at <2 hrs age revealed abnormalities in 4/13 AF, 4/10 saline, *Significantly different from control p<.05 and 2/12 control animals. All films (but one AF animal) were normal at 24 hrs. Lung wt/body wt ratios, static deflation curves, and lung histology of AF animals were not significantly different from saline or control animals. Based on these findings, we conclude that aspiration of substantial quantities of human AF is benign in its effects on the newborn rabbit.
Extremely low-phase-noise SAW resonators and oscillators: design and performance

The authors describe prototype low-noise SAW (surface acoustic wave) resonator oscillators which have demonstrated state-of-the-art phase-noise performance not only at their fundamental operating frequencies in the 400- to 600-MHz range but also after 16* frequency multiplication to X-band as well. SAW resonator designs with overmoded cavities, very wide apertures, and dual apertures, as well as modified fabrication techniques, have been used to realize an overall reduction in an oscillator's phase-noise spectrum, i.e. white phi M, flicker FM, and random-walk FM. The S resonators can typically handle incident RF power in excess of +20 dBm, a key requirement to achieving an extremely low oscillator-phase-noise floor. A novel burn-in procedure at relatively high incident-RF-power levels (>27 dBm) was used to reduce both the flicker FM and random-walk FM phase-noise levels. Using these various techniques, a 5- to 15-dB improvement in the overall phase-noise spectrum for several prototype oscillators was demonstrated. >
Divine Transcendence, Religious Pluralism and Barth's Doctrine of God

: Pluralists such as John Hick frequently argue that the transcendence, mystery and ineffability of ‘God’ provide the grounds on which a pluralistic interpretation of religion should be embraced. In this article the author explores the possibility that certain contemporary accounts of divine transcendence, consciously indebted to Karl Barth, may implicitly open the door to Hick's line of argument. After identifying four reasons why Barth's own account of transcendence (Church Dogmatics II/1) resists a pluralist appropriation, the author examines two contemporary proposals: William Placher's The Domestication of Transcendence and Stacy Johnson's The Mystery of God. He contends that, unlike Barth, the accounts of God's transcendence proposed by these two theologians implicitly open the door to Hick's line of argument.
Properties of a bactericidal extract fromBrucella abortus

A water-soluble bactericidal fraction was obtained by extractingBrucella abortus with aqueous methanol. Bactericidal activity was directed against the Gram-positive organism tested (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis), but not against the Gram-negative organisms tested (Escherichia coli and aPseudomonas sp.). Mild base hydrolysis, but not mild acid hydrolysis, potentiated the bactericidal activity of the extract. Vigorous acid hydrolysis destroyed the activity. Periodate oxidation and hydrolysis with glycosidases did not affect the activity, while hydrolysis with pronase decreased it by 15–20%. Bioactivity was retained by Sephadex gels, silica gel, and a cation exchange resin, but not by an anion exchange resin. The fact that the activity was precipitable with Fe3+, bound to a cation exchanger, and was extractable with ethanol and methanol suggests that the bioactive substance contains in addition to carbohydrate and lipid a cationic moiety, possibly a peptide.
A novel nonanuclear hafnium oxide-hydroxide-sulphate cluster crystallised from aqueous solution.

Single crystals of (NH4)14[Hf9O8(OH)6(SO4)14]·nH2O (1) were obtained by heating a sealed aqueous solution of HfOCl2·8H2O, (NH4)2SO4 and H2SO4 at 80 °C for 10 days. The discrete [Hf9O8(OH)6(SO4)14]14− anionic clusters have no inter-cluster connectivity. This rare nonameric architecture has only been observed previously in two Bi3+ oxo clusters.
Representation-related errors in binary digital holograms: a unified analysis

Images reconstructed from binary digital holograms are degraded by errors due to the binary representation of the complex-valued object spectrum and by errors due to computational and plotter limitations. In this paper, representation-related errors are analyzed in terms of false images that appear in the desired reconstruction order and in adjacent diffraction orders. It is shown that the false images are strongly dependent on the manner in which the object spectrum is sampled and on the mapping from spectral sample to binary transmittance. Three categories of digital holograms are distinguished: those that sample the object spectrum at the center of each hologram cell; those that sample at the center of each aperture; and those that sample at each resolvable spot. In going from the first to the third category, the reconstruction is successively less degraded by false images. For the third category, there are no false images in the desired reconstruction order and only one false image in each adjacent order. The two methods in this category differ only in the suppression of these false images.
Serine biosynthesis in human hair follicles by the phosphorylated pathway: follicular 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase.

The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis was demonstrated in human hair bulbs and sheaths by the format ion of phosphoserine and serine from [ 14 C]3-phosphoglyceric acid. The initial and rate limiting enzyme of the pathway, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) was demonstrated by enzyme determinations in human and rat hair follicles, human epidermis, and chicken epidermis. Follicular 3-PGDH was characterized using a sensitive fluorometric assay with NADH as a co-substrate. Monovalent cations (Na - , K + , Li + , or NH 4 + ) were necessary for full enzyme activity, p -Hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited activity, and activity was 3 times higher with NADH as a co-substrate than with NADPH. The apparent K m for the substrate hydroxyphosphopyruvic acid was 32.8 μM, and the apparent K m for NADH 4.8 μM similar to the K m s for other mammalian 3-PGDHs. Enzyme activity was not altered by parenteral corticosteroids, a high carbohydrate diet, low protein diet, or starvation. Enzyme activity decreased over the first 12 days of life in newborn rats. The phosphorylated pathway of serine synthesis provides a potential nondietary and non- hepatic source for serine, glycine, and their products in keratinizing tissues.
Current trends in large cell lymphoma

For the last decade, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has been the best available standard of care for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), based on equivalent therapeutic results with other multiagent chemotherapy accompanied by lower costs and lesser toxicity. However, only 40-45% of these patients are cured with CHOP. New treatment strategies have been employed, including the addition of Rituximab to CHOP in elderly patients; dose escalation using granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor; overcoming the multidrug resistance phenotype with infusional chemotherapeutic regimens and use of some newer agents. Furthermore, the International Prognostic Factor index (IPI) has permitted identification of subsets of patients with large variations in prognosis, allowing prognosis specific therapy to be tested. There is now accumulating evidence that the clinical behavior of certain NHL can be profiled by the expression of certain molecular markers, which will undoubtedly play a role in the development of new prognostic models that may refine our ability to identify poor-risk patients. Regardless, there is still significant opportunity for improving survival in large cell lymphomas.
Frameless stereotactic endoscope-assisted transoccipital hippocampal depth electrode placement: cadaveric demonstration of a new approach

Purpose Hippocampal recording using depth electrodes is indicated in a small subgroup of patients with medically intractable seizures. There are several conventional techniques for implantation of hippocampal depth electrodes. We describe a new method for hippocampal depth electrode placement using an image-guided endoscopic transoccipital route. This technique is simple and effective, eliminating several drawbacks of conventional techniques.
There Is Plenty of Room Between Two Atom Contacts

The ability to manipulate matter atom by atom offers possibilities for new electronic devices and for studying new physical phenomena. In their Perspective, Muller and Reed discuss recent experiments in which current flows between contacts made from individual atoms. Such structures may be applicable in new sensor technologies.
Introduction to the Primer

Most activities of daily living, such as rising from a chair, opening a jar, lifting a box, or walking at a slow pace, require only a modest amount of muscle strength or endurance, and do not involve significant demands on the respiratory or cardiovascular systems. However, vigorous aerobic exercises, such as running or sustained stair climbing, require tight integration of multiple systems in the body including the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular systems (Fig. 1.1).
Alemtuzumab based reduced intensity transplantation for pediatric severe aplastic anemia.

Background Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is curative in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). HCT is considered at presentation when a HLA-matched related donor (MRD) is available and has a high success rate. Unrelated donor (URD) transplants are typically undertaken if immunosuppressive therapy fails. Increased toxicity and graft rejection are often encountered in this setting. Procedure We report a prospective multi-center trial of HCT in 17 children with SAA following novel reduced intensity conditioning with alemtuzumab, fludarabine and melphalan, and the best available donor. Nine were URD transplants matched at 7–8/8 loci, and performed following failure of immune suppression. Median follow up was 61 months (range 6–128). Results All patients engrafted. Estimated 5 year event-free and overall-survival was 88% (95%CI 65.7–96.7). Five year overall survival for MRD and URD transplants was 100% and 78% (95%CI 45–93.6) respectively. Median times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 14 (range 10–27) and 23.5 (range 11–65) days respectively. Treatment related mortality was 12%. The incidence of grade II–IV and III–IV acute graft-versus-host disease was 29% and 18% respectively. At two years, all but one patient discontinued immunosuppression successfully. Laboratory measures of immune reconstitution normalized at one year and infection rates were low in the latter part of the first year. Conclusions HCT using this RIC approach was well tolerated and successful in achieving donor engraftment and early immune reconstitution with good quality of life free of immune suppression. Children with SAA can be successfully transplanted using alemtuzumab based conditioning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1270–1276. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectrally-efficient relay selection with limited feedback

This paper addresses the multiplexing loss that occurs in relay networks due to causality of relays and the half-duplex constraint. We devise relay selection methods to recover the multiplexing loss in decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks, while requiring very little feedback (merely bits/relay). Two network topologies are studied: First the case is considered where a direct link is available between the source and destination, in addition to the relayed links. For this configuration, an incremental transmission scheme is proposed, and comprehensively analyzed, which uses limited feedback to improve both diversity as well as multiplexing gain. Then, the case without a direct link is considered, for which efficient non-orthogonal DF protocols are produced and analyzed. An interesting feature of the latter methods is unequal error protection capability via a family of embedded diversity-multiplexing (DMT) curves, which can be very useful for practical applications. Even considering this method's minimal DMT, a marked improvement over previous DF methods is observed, especially in high spectral efficiencies.
An improved method for identifying red lakes on art and historical artifacts

As Leona notes in a recent issue of PNAS (1), art and objects of cultural heritage hold information about the technology, trade, and aesthetics of a people. This knowledge can be accessed through chemical and material analysis combined with an understanding of the history of technology, science, and art. The information learned is of great value, especially for ancient objects that are so old we have no chance of finding written documentation such as bills of lading, inventories, or manuals and treatises that we may consult for descriptions of the materials used in their creation.
Factors Affecting Golden-Cheeked Warbler Nest Survival in Urban and Rural Landscapes

Abstract We evaluated hypotheses concerning temporal, landscape, and habitat effects on nest survival of golden-cheeked warblers (Dendroica chrysoparia) in an urban and a rural landscape during the breeding seasons of 2005 and 2006 in central Texas, USA. We found support for temporal effects of year and cubic effect of date and included them in candidate models that evaluated habitat and landscape effects. Nest survival was lower in 2006 than in 2005 and decreased nonlinearly as the breeding season progressed. We found support for edge effects with decreased nest survival nearer edges and in areas with increased open edge density (wooded habitat abutting open habitat) or decreased trail density. However, confidence intervals for the model-averaged odds ratios overlapped 1.0 for all edge variables. Overall daily survival rate was 0.964 (95% CI = 0.949–0.975), resulting in a 25-day period survival of 0.398 (95% CI = 0.269–0.524). Period survival in Austin's urban landscape (0.399, 95% CI = 0.270–0.526) was ...
A contrast analysis approach to change

This paper presents the foundations of contrast analysis as a method for examining change. Contrast analysis is a relatively high-powered, simple, and informative procedure for evaluating hypotheses about specific patterns of change. This paper reviews the general purpose and nature of contrast analysis, it discusses some of the advantages of contrast analysis as a method for examining change, it provides a conceptual overview of the relevant statistical procedures, it illustrates the approach by working through several examples, and it addresses important issues that should be considered when conducting and interpreting contrast analysis.
Ultra-wide bandwidth two-layer dielectric rod antenna

A new two-layer dielectric rod antenna was developed for near-field probing purpose from 2 to 8 GHz frequency range. The measured and simulated data demonstrate its superiority over other existing probes. Based on its performance, the antenna is not only suitable for scanning the near-field, but for feeding reflectors with small F/D ratios, such as compact ranges.
Detection of a Common and Persistent tet(L)-Carrying Plasmid in Chicken-Waste-Impacted Farm Soil

The connection between farm-generated animal waste and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities, via mobile genetic elements, remains obscure. In this study, electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveying of a broiler chicken farm assisted soil sampling from a chicken-waste-impacted site and a marginally affected site. Consistent with the EMI survey, a disparity existed between the two sites with regard to soil pH, tetracycline resistance (Tc(r)) levels among culturable soil bacteria, and the incidence and prevalence of several tet and erm genes in the soils. No significant difference was observed in these aspects between the marginally affected site and several sites in a relatively pristine regional forest. When the farm was in operation, tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), erm(A), erm(B), and erm(C) genes were detected in the waste-affected soil. Two years after all waste was removed from the farm, tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and erm(C) genes were still detected. The abundances of tet(L), tet(O), and erm(B) were measured using quantitative PCR, and the copy numbers of each were normalized to eubacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers. tet(L) was the most prevalent gene, whereas tet(O) was the most persistent, although all declined over the 2-year period. A mobilizable plasmid carrying tet(L) was identified in seven of 14 Tc(r) soil isolates. The plasmid's hosts were identified as species of Bhargavaea, Sporosarcina, and Bacillus. The plasmid's mobilization (mob) gene was quantified to estimate its prevalence in the soil, and the ratio of tet(L) to mob was shown to have changed from 34:1 to 1:1 over the 2-year sampling period.
The Physics of sPHENIX

Jet related observables have been some of the most powerful and exciting probes for understanding the matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Full jet reconstruction was begun at RHIC, and the LHC experiments have shown the power and kinematic reach of these observables. Here we discuss the sPHENIX detector and physics program which aims to bring full calorimetric based jet reconstruction to RHIC in order to explore the temperature dependence of the strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma.
Strain-dependent antidepressant-like effects of citalopram in the mouse tail suspension test

Rationale Variations in the effects of antidepressant drugs between different mouse strains are important for drug discovery and could lead to the identification of genes that predict differences in drug efficacy.
Interface techniques for embedding custom mega cells in a gate array

A full custom microprocessor mega cell is embedded in a 0.7-micron triple-layer metal gate array using shrinkable design rules. Interface logic built from gate array macros guarantees data sheet timing at the pins, production test pattern transportability, and CRC/BIST (cyclic redundancy check/built-in self-test) testability. The processor was modeled using behavioral Verilog wrapped around proprietary 'C' code.
The NatA acetyltransferase couples Sup35 prion complexes to the [PSI+] phenotype.

Protein-only (prion) epigenetic elements confer unique phenotypes by adopting alternate conformations that specify new traits. Given the conformational flexibility of prion proteins, protein-only i...
Cone tip scattering: Endfire region

Significant scattering from the tip of a finite cone viewed at rear aspect angles has previously been reported. The observed return from the far end of the target is largest for horizontal polarization at near grazing angles of incidence. The contribution to the tip return arising from direct diffraction is obtained by consideration of scattering from a slender semi-infinite cone. Comparison of these results with experiment then provides information on the effect of traveling-wave contributions to the tip return.
Extraction, Purification, and Assay of Human Renin Free of Angiotensinase

Three procedures are described for the extraction and purification of renin from 0.05 to 500 g of human kidneys. A uniform yield of renin, free of angiotensinase, resulted from all three procedures. All tests for renin were carried out in dogs. When more than 10 g of renal tissue was used, renin was determined by the direct method; with smaller amounts, the indirect method, involving the production and the assay of angiotensin, was employed. Renin substrate free of angiotensinase, suitable for the indirect assay of human renin, was prepared from pooled human serum by a simple procedure. The angiotensinase-free renin and substrate permitted prolonged incubation for the production of the angiotensin required for the indirect assay. The mean ratio of angiotensin produced (unit per milliter of serum) to the amount of renin added (unit per milliliter of serum) was 1,482 for an 18-hour period of incubation. The large amount of angiotensin produced permitted the indirect assay of minute amounts of human renin (as little as 0.0005 unit, from 5 mg of renal tissue) in the dog. Unless the angiotensinase present in extracts of renal tissue or serum is first removed, the accurate, indirect assay of the renin is not possible.
Investigation of an excited jet diffusion flame at elevated pressure

Experiments are carried out for studying the relationship between flow structure, flow excitation, and the reaction process in the near field of a low-speed coflowing jet diffusion flame. The effect of axial forcing and increasing pressure on the structure and controllability of the flame is studied to elucidate some of the underlying control mechanisms. The experiments are conducted in a variable-pressure flow facility permitting the study of reacting flows in the 10-1000 kPa (0.1-10 atm) pressure range. The flame is excited by a small-amplitude periodic fluctuation added to the central fuel jet exit velocity. Among the varied excitation frequencies employed, a narrow band is found in which several of the flow instabilities seem to be in coincidence, causing periodic breakup of the flame into a series of distinct eddies. This is called the strongly-coupled state. Effects of excitation frequencies at and above the strongly-coupled range are presented.
Women and Migration: Anthropological Perspectives

Women and Migration: Anthropological Perspectives. Jacqueline Knorr and Barbara Meier. eds. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2000. 268 pp.
The morbidity and mortality of vermiculite miners and millers exposed to tremolite-actinolite: Part II. Mortality

The vermiculite ore and concentrate of a mine and mill located near Libby, Montana was found to be contaminated with a fiber of the tremolite/acetinolite series. A study was conducted to estimate the exposure-response relationship for mortality for 575 men who had been hired prior to 1970 and employed at least 1 year at the Montana site. Individual cumulative fiber exposure (fiber-years) was calculated. Results indicated that mortality from nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) and lung cancer was significantly increased compared to the U.S. white male population. For those workers more than 20 years since hire, the standard mortality rate (SMR) for lung cancer (ICDA 162-163) was 84.7, 225.1, 109.3, and 671.3 for less than 50, 50-99, 100-399, and more than 399 fiber-years respectively. Corresponding results for NMRD (ICDA 460-519) were 327.8, 283.5, 0, and 278.4. Based on a linear model for greater than 20 years since hire, the estimated percentage increase in lung cancer mortality risk was 0.6% for each fiber-year of exposure. At 5 fiber-years, the estimated percentage was 2.9% from an unrestricted (nonthreshold) linear model and 0.6% from a survival model.
Mitotic Arrest by Tumor Suppressor RASSF1A Is Regulated via CHK1 Phosphorylation

The tumor suppressor RASSF1A (RAS-association domain family 1, isoform A) is known to play an important role in cell cycle regulation. However, the molecular details concerning RASSF1A protein regulation are unclear. In this report, Chk1 is identified as a novel RASSF1A kinase that phosphorylates RASSF1A in vitro and under cellular conditions. Using tandem mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis, it was determined that Chk1 phosphorylates RASSF1A on Serine-184, which has been shown to be mutated in a subset of human primary nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Furthermore, Serine-184 phosphorylation of RASSF1A was significantly diminished by a Chk1-specific kinase inhibitor. Similarly, a kinase-dead Chk1 mutant was unable to phosphorylate Serine-184 whereas constitutively active-Chk1 enhanced phosphorylation. Molecular substitution of Serine-184 with aspartic acid, mimicking phosphorylation, abolished the ability of RASSF1A to interact with microtubules and induce M-phase arrest. Combined, these data indicate that phosphorylation of RASSF1A by Chk1 is important for mitotic regulation and provide valuable new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of RASSF1A function. Implications: This study reveals that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of RASSF1A, at Serine-184, plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and highlights that mutation of this Chk1 phosphorylation site in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has disease relevance.
Legionella pneumophila Replication Vacuole Formation Involves Rapid Recruitment of Proteins of the Early Secretory System

Legionella pneumophila vacuole biogenesis was analyzed by using a cell-free system. We show that calnexin, Sec22b, and Rab1 are recruited to the vacuole very shortly after bacterial uptake, and we have identified Rab1 as a potential host factor involved in the endoplasmic reticulum recruitment process.
Evaluating the First Year Experience: Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors

First Year Experience (FYE) programs have been implemented in universities and colleges to address the emergent needs of matriculating students. It is well documented that many students are not pre...
CP violation in the lepton sector

Abstract We discuss the dipole electric moment of the electron ( d e ) as a test of CP violation. In models where CP violation comes from V - A W ± exchange, d e , like the neutron dipole moment, is very small. In models which incorporate more than one very heavy (∼ M W ) Dirac neutrinos, it may be barely observable. But in model a with CP violation induced by a horizontal (family) gauge interaction, d e can be as large as 10 −27 e cm.