cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and experimental vibration analysis of nanomechanical cantilever active probes

Nanomechanical cantilever (NMC) active probes have recently received increased attention in a variety of nanoscale sensing and measurement applications. Current modeling practices call for a uniform cantilever beam without considering the intentional jump discontinuities associated with the piezoelectric layer attachment and the NMC cross-sectional step. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling framework for modal characterization and dynamic response analysis of NMC active probes with geometrical discontinuities. The entire length of the NMC is divided into three segments of uniform beams followed by applying appropriate continuity conditions. The characteristics matrix equation is then used to solve for system natural frequencies and mode shapes. Using an equivalent electromechanical moment of a piezoelectric layer, forced motion analysis of the system is carried out. An experimental setup consisting of a commercial NMC active probe from Veeco and a state-of-the-art microsystem analyzer, the MSA-400 from Polytec, is developed to verify the theoretical developments proposed here. Using a parameter estimation technique based on minimizing the modeling error, optimal values of system parameters are identified. Mode shapes and the modal frequency response of the system for the first three modes determined from the proposed model are compared with those obtained from the experiment and commonly used theory for uniform beams. Results indicate that the uniform beam model fails to accurately predict the actual system response, especially in multiple-mode operation, while the proposed discontinuous beam model demonstrates good agreement with the experimental data. Such detailed and accurate modeling framework can lead to significant enhancement in the sensitivity of piezoelectric-based NMC sensors for use in variety of sensing and imaging applications.
Love and Privacy

How much privacy must be sacrificed by the partners in a romantic relationship? I begin by showing that we are obligated to reveal to our lovers information about ourselves that we believe could possibly cause them to withdraw their affections from us. If we were to conceal this information, then the lover would be mistaken about whom they loved, yet continue to respect obligations towards, and make sacrifices for, us. I conclude, though, by discussing some problems with both the intelligibility of this obligation and our ability to fulfil it. These problems arise from epistemological and metaphysical problems connected with the notion of a self.
ARRHENOBLASTOMA CASE REPORT1

Mascularizing tumors of the ovary are unusual enough to justify the report of individual cases. It is for this reason that this case report is made and not because of a desire to cause a discussion of the etiology of this type of new growth. Most students of these tumors are willing to agree with Robert Meyer’s classification and with his belief in the interrelationship of the various types so far found. This classification consists of 3 divisions: first, the adenoma tubulare testiculare, composed of the mature forms and the partially carcinomatous forms; second, the middle group with typical and atypical tubular as well as solid portions; third, the atypical group composed of mostly solid forms with atypical tubular portions, and the solid forms. The first group shows microscopically a regular tubular arrangement and is the most differentiated. Clinically the majority of patients with tumors in this group do not show mascularization or defeminization. The third or the atypical group shows no true tubules...
Effect on dental caries in children in a nonfluoride area of combined use of three agents containing stannous fluoride: a prophylactic paste, a solution, and a dentifrice II. Results at the end of 24 and 36 months

Three technics—adding stannous fluoride to a prophylactic paste, using an aqueous solution after prophylaxis, and using a stannous fluoride dentifrice at home—are better than 1 or 2 in combination for greatest reduction of caries. The subjects of the three-year study were children 5 to 1 8 years old in a nonfluoride community.
The hemopoietic tissue toxicity of benzene vapors

Abstract Groups of 40 rats (50 rats in experiment no. 8 and 20 rats in the control experiment) were exposed to benzene vapor concentrations of 831, 65, 61, 47, 44, 31, 29, and 15 parts per million parts of air respectively, for 5 hours per day, on 4 days of the week (experiment no. 8, 7 hours of exposure on 5 days of the week), for periods ranging from 5 weeks to 7 months. A significant leucopenia resulted after 2–4 weeks of exposure to 831, 65, and 61 ppm, respectively. Exposure to 47 and 44 ppm induced a moderate but definite leucopenia after 5–8 weeks of exposure. The number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating blood were not affected by these exposures. Exposure to 31 ppm of benzene (4 months), 29 ppm (3 months) and 15 ppm (7 months) did not induce changes in hemopoietic tissue. The hemopoietic tissue toxicity of a mixture of benzene and hexane was due to the benzene fraction of the mixture. The most significant and constant pathologic changes noted were found in the lungs (chronic bronchopneumonia) and spleen (excess of hemosiderin). The lung changes found were similar in extent and degree in the control and in experimental animals. The degree of hemosiderosis in the control rats was rated as “slight”; it was “more marked” in the experimental animals. The data presented here indicate that benzene vapors have greater hemopoietic tissue toxicity than is commonly recognized. Because one of a number of factors may render a person's hemopoietic tissues more than ordinarily susceptible to benzene, it seems advisable to consider reevaluation of the Maximum Allowable Concentration of 25 ppm. The margin of safety presently accepted for benzene is small compared with the margins employed in other fields of public health.
Toward a Continuum of Caring Alternatives: Community Based Care for the Elderly

This paper examines the roots and consequences of the “medicalization” of aging in America. The present set of programs under Medicare, Medicaid and Title XX are described, with particular attention given to the unproductive “dichotomy” created between health and medical needs (addressed primarily under Medicare and Medicaid) and the interrelated social needs of the elderly, provided for, albeit inadequately, through Title XX. The present medically and institutionally based approach to care for the elderly in America is contrasted with approaches that seek to create environments that increase self-reliance for the elderly. Programmatic redesign strategies providing a full continuum of care are premised on such concepts as “normalization” and the “least restrictive alternative.” Particular attention is focused on the area of community based home health and social services. The experiences of several states in providing more comprehensive community based services are explored. One such program—California's recently initiated Multi-Purpose Senior Services Project—is described. It potentially provides a wide range of services that previously were unavailable through more narrowly designed categorical programs. The importance of broader programs of community based care for the elderly, and important research directions, are examined.
ENGAGING HISPANIC IMMIGRANT MOTHERS: REVISITING THE TIME-LIMITED PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL GROUP MODEL

As new members of a culture, Hispanic Spanish dominant mothers must learn a new language as well as adjust to new and different values and expectations. To facilitate culturally sensitive practice, this article revisits a psycho-educational group model (Leon, Mazur, Montalvo & Rodriguez, 1984). This model was originally developed and successfully utilized by the first author in the mental health setting. The article uses the author's group experiences and the existing literature to emphasize the importance of integrating aspects of Hispanic culture in delivering group services to Hispanic immigrant mothers. Cultural and programmatic considerations for the successful development and implementation of a time-limited short-term group model are presented. Through group sessions facilitated by a bilingual therapist, Hispanic mothers are given the opportunities to develop mutual support systems, learn about their community resources and increase their knowledge on child development.
Skin Infiltration with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is Consistent with a Good Prognosis

Skin infiltration with B-lymphocyte chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is rare. In contrast to Richters transformation of CLL or myeloid leukemias, skin involvement in CLL may be consistent with prolonged survival, as illustrated by the currently reported two cases. As in these patients, local therapy for skin disease may delay or obviate the need for systemic therapy in B-CLL.
Surgery in the US: Where are we now and Where are we Going?

To understand surgery in the United States requires a basic understanding of healthcare delivery in the US. While one often sees comparisons of healthcare between countries, it is more appropriate to compare the US with the continent of Europe. Models of delivery of care range from large cities with high population density and large highquality hospitals with multiple subspecialties, to areas in the centre and west of the country where patients may have to travel several hundred miles to reach a small hospital with little capability for specialty care. Furthermore, each of the 50 states has different laws, different state governments and slightly different models, priorities and payment structures for care.
Mutation Rates of TGFBR2 and ACVR2 Coding Microsatellites in Human Cells with Defective DNA Mismatch Repair

Microsatellite instability promotes colonic tumorigenesis through generating frameshift mutations at coding microsatellites of tumor suppressor genes, such as TGFBR2 and ACVR2. As a consequence, signaling through these TGFbeta family receptors is abrogated in DNA Mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient tumors. How these mutations occur in real time and mutational rates of these human coding sequences have not previously been studied. We utilized cell lines with different MMR deficiencies (hMLH1-/-, hMSH6-/-, hMSH3-/-, and MMR-proficient) to determine mutation rates. Plasmids were constructed in which exon 3 of TGFBR2 and exon 10 of ACVR2 were cloned +1 bp out of frame, immediately after the translation initiation codon of an enhanced GFP (EGFP) gene, allowing a -1 bp frameshift mutation to drive EGFP expression. Mutation-resistant plasmids were constructed by interrupting the coding microsatellite sequences, preventing frameshift mutation. Stable cell lines were established containing portions of TGFBR2 and ACVR2, and nonfluorescent cells were sorted, cultured for 7-35 days, and harvested for flow cytometric mutation detection and DNA sequencing at specific time points. DNA sequencing revealed a -1 bp frameshift mutation (A9 in TGFBR2 and A7 in ACVR2) in the fluorescent cells. Two distinct fluorescent populations, M1 (dim, representing heteroduplexes) and M2 (bright, representing full mutants) were identified, with the M2 fraction accumulating over time. hMLH1 deficiency revealed 11 (5.91 x 10(-4)) and 15 (2.18 x 10(-4)) times higher mutation rates for the TGFBR2 and ACVR2 microsatellites compared to hMSH6 deficiency, respectively. The mutation rate of the TGFBR2 microsatellite was approximately 3 times higher in both hMLH1 and hMSH6 deficiencies than the ACVR2 microsatellite. The -1 bp frameshift mutation rates of TGFBR2 and ACVR2 microsatellite sequences are dependent upon the human MMR background.
Emerging profiles in 105 recipients of renal allografts functioning for 20 to 35 years: the "watershed" effect.

THE COURSE of renal allograft recipients after 20 years of successful function can be highly variable. Some recipients have allografts with excellent function, no proteinuria, and no other serious illness, while others have begun to show evidence of either declining renal function or development of severe disease that is often fatal. The experience with 105 truly long-term transplant recipients whose allografts have functioned for a minimum of 20 years (Level 5A) and, in some cases, nearly 36 years offers significant insights into the clinical, biochemical, immunologic, histologic, and prognostic features of such patients. Although earlier points in time (such as 1 year posttransplantation) may be viewed as crucial ones, the 20-year mark is often a watershed event for long-term transplant recipients.
Joining separate file systems

This paper takes a look at the so-called 'meta-system' approach to Distributed System construction; that is, constructing a distributed system by tieing together existing local operating systems. In particular it looks at some of the file system problems that may be encountered. These problems are simplified if one has the opportunity to rewrite the underlying local operating system (see [Oppen 81], for example], but typically, this is not the case. Since it is impractical to look at all existing local operating systems, I focus on a particular local operating system, Primos, with its overlying user interface, Software Tools, However, this is not to be taken as a comment on these systems; much of what I have to say is probably true of the majority of existing local operating systems.
An Analytical Method of Vector Diffraction for Focusing Optical Systems with Seidel Aberrations II: Astigmatism and Coma

Abstract In this paper, a method developed by the author is used to study the image formation in various aplanatic systems of high Fresnel numbers and circular pupils with Seidel (fourth order) aberrations, particularly the astigmatic and comatic aberrations. The theory developed here is based on Richards and Wolf's formulation of the vector diffraction theory of focusing systems. The electric and magnetic vectors are derived to reflect the asymmetry of the surface of the wavefront with respect to the optical axis. The unit normal to the surface of an aberrated wavefront is expressed as the sum of two vectors. One vector is in the direction of the unit normal to the ideal Gaussian sphere, while the other, after a suitable normalization, characterizes the unit normal's deviation from the unit normal to the ideal Gaussian sphere. The components of the electric and magnetic vectors are then expressed in integral form. In the end, the integrals are evaluated in terms of the products of Gegenbauer polynomials ...
Biochemistry of intestinal development.

In biochemical terms, the rat small intestine is relatively immature at birth and for the first two postnatal weeks. Then during the third week a dramatic array of enzymic changes begins, and by th...
Specification and Prediction of Global Surface Temperature and Precipitation from Global SST Using CCA

Abstract A reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) dataset is used to examine relationships between SST and seasonal mean surface temperature (T) and total precipitation (P) over most of the global continents for the 1950–92 period. Both specification (i.e., simultaneous) and predictive relations are studied. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to describe the relationships and to provide information aiding in physical interpretation. A sequence of four consecutive 3-month periods of global SST anomalies is related to T and P anomalies during the fourth period for the specification analyses, and to 3-month periods ranging from one to four seasons later for the predictive analyses. Dynamical specifications of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric model, using observed SST anomalies as boundary conditions, are also examined for confirmation of and comparison with the statistical specification relationships suggested by the CCA. Specification and predictive cross-v...
Liberals, moderates and jihadists: protesting Danish cartoons in Indonesia

Muslim liberals, moderates, and radical “jihadists,” together with the Indonesian government, condemned Danish caricatures of Prophet Muhammad as insulting and hateful. However, the form of protest of these diverse segments of Indonesian Muslims was shaped by their ideological frameworks and political agendas. The “mainstream” of Indonesia’s increasingly radical “moderate” Muslim community, as represented by Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and the Justice and Prosperity Party (PKS), squarely condemned the images within their particular perspectives, while distancing themselves from the “anarchist” radical demonstrators. The Liberal Islam Network (JIL), dedicated to fighting against “fundamentalists,” pointed out the role of detrimental fundamentalisms around the world. Several small radical groups, MMI, FPI and HTI actively staged street demonstrations fitting this case into their ideological framework of jihad, defending Islam, and/or striving for an Islamic state. These varied responses are better understood as integral to ongoing processes of radicalization, liberalization, and cultural and politico-jural Islamization.
Terahertz frequency repetition-rate optical pulse train generation by plasma heating of semiconductor lasers

We propose a novel method for generation of terahertz frequency optical pulse train based on gain modulation by plasma heating in semiconductor lasers.
The development of a Voice System that interacts with a student information database

With the ongoing popularity of mobile computing technology, people spend more and more time on their modern telecommunication devices. Therefore, speech information access gives people more mobility. In addition, people with reading difficulty, visual impairment, and/or any difficulty using a keyboard, or mouse can rely on speech as an alternate approach for information access. To support speech information access in the education area, this paper presents a voice application that interacts with a student information database. A Web-based system is developed to allow instructors to get student information, post course updates, FAQs, and grades. Each student will be assigned a Voice System account and the application allows students to get grade information, course updates, and FAQs by phone.
Secure address auto-configuration for mobile ad hoc networks

Auto-configuration provides convenience in implementing a mobile ad hoc network. However, it may sacrifice network security if there is not a reliable authentication mechanism, e.g., an attacker may spoof other nodes and hijack their traffic. In this paper, we propose a secure address auto-configuration scheme for MANET. It binds each IP address with a public key, allows a node to self-authenticate itself and thus thwarts address spoofing and other attacks associated with auto-configuration.
DECONSTRUCTION AND MARXIST INQUIRY

This study examines the relationship between deconstruc- tion and Marxist inquiry. Derrida's philosophical conception of decon- struction is presented, followed by a discussion and assessment of the arguments for a Marx-deconstruction articulation. I argue that such an articulation is not supportable duie to a fundamental incompatibility be- tween Marxism and Derrida's Satussurean-based conception of language and meaning. Finally, I conclude that language-based approaches in gen- eral are of limited utility in reorienting Marxist theory and practice. Recent proposals to introduce the deconstructionist approach of the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida, into the emancipatory project of Marxist in- quiry are best understood as yet another product of the political and theoreti-
The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of transformation-toughened solid solutions of alumina and chromia

The thermal diffusivity of a series of solid solutions of alumina and chromia transformation toughened with a dispersed phase of unstabilized zirconia was measured by means of the laser-flash method from room temperature to 1400 ~ C. It was found, in general, that the thermal diffusivity could be decreased significantly by the combined effects of solid solution alloying, microcracking and by the presence of the low conductivity dispersed phase of zirconia. The decrease in thermal diffusivity by microcracking was found to be present in the solid solution with low chromia content which underwent extensive grain growth. The effectiveness of solid solution formation and microcracking on thermal diffusivity was found to be greatest at the lower and intermediate ranges of temperature. The decrease in the thermal diffusivity due to the zirconia inclusions was found to be effective over the total temperature range. A numerical example is presented for the thermal conductivity calculated from the thermal diffusivity multiplied by the volumetric heat capacity.
Configuration of the β-methylaspartic acid residue in amphomycin

The β-methylaspartic acid residue in amphomycin has the L-threo configuration. Since β-methylaspartic acids are readily racemized under theusual conditions of acid hydrolysis, the assignment of configuration was basedon β-methylaspartic acid liberated under exceptionally mild acid hydrolysis.
Nutritional scientist or biochemist

When invited by the editors to provide a prefatory article for the Annual Review of Nutrition, I attempted to decide what might be unique about my experiences as a nutritional biochemist. Although a large proportion of contemporary nutritional scientists were trained as biochemists, the impact of the historical research efforts related to nutrition within the Biochemistry Department at the University of Wisconsin 50 to 60 years ago was, I think, unique, and I have tried to summarize that historical focus. My scientific training was rather standard, but I have tried to review the two major, but greatly different, areas of research that I have been involved in over my career: inorganic fluorides as an industrial pollutant and the metabolic role of vitamin K. I have also had the opportunity to become involved with the activities of the societies representing the nutritional sciences (American Society for Nutrition), biochemistry (American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, the Food and Nutrition Board, the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics. These interactions can be productive or frustrating but are always time-consuming.
Auditor Independence: A Burdensome Constraint or Core Value?

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) delegates to private standards-setting bodies much of its accounting-related rule-making authority under the securities acts. It has long delegated, while maintaining oversight, authority to set generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and authority to regulate generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) to the AICPA’s Auditing Standards Board. Recently, through Financial Reporting Release No. 50 (issued February 18, 1998), it delegated authority to define auditor independence to the Independence Standards Board (ISB). Accounting and auditing standards have been the subject of much scholarly research, but independence standards are relatively unexplored. All three are essential to determining the value of our system of audited financial reporting for investor protection, as well as its value for corporate governance, and for facilitating capital formation. This commentary explores two views of independence, and how the views might be applied by practitioners, regulated by regulators, and studied by scholars. The views are based on my experience with the accounting profession as a member of the Auditing Standards Board and the Special Committee on Assurance Services (the Elliott Committee), as well as teaching auditing for M.B.A.s and accounting majors for more than 25 years.
Indole derivatives related to lysergic acid.

Abstract Several new compounds related ro lysergic acid have been prepared and characterized. Four of these compounds are indole derivatives which have been prepared in quantities sdicient for pharmacological testing. Methods for the successful synthesis of the following are described: ethyl ester of 1-(3-indolylmethyl)guvacine. 3-indolylmethyl-di(β-carbethoxy-ethyl)amine, 1-(3-indolylmethyl)guvacolioe, and ethyl 1-(3-indolylmethyl)nipecotate.
Detecting change in data streams

Detecting changes in a data stream is an important area of research with many applications. In this paper, we present a novel method for the detection and estimation of change. In addition to providing statistical guarantees on the reliability of detected changes, our method also provides meaningful descriptions and quantification of these changes. Our approach assumes that the points in the stream are independently generated, but otherwise makes no assumptions on the nature of the generating distribution. Thus our techniques work for both continuous and discrete data. In an experimental study we demonstrate the power of our techniques.
Characterization of TLR4-mediated auto-antibody production in a mouse model of histidyl-tRNA synthetase-induced myositis.

We have previously shown that intramuscular immunization with a recombinant fragment of murine histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) in the absence of exogenous adjuvant generates Ag-specific, IgG class s...
Resonance cones in the field pattern of a short antenna in an anisotropic plasma

We report experimental observation of resonance cones in the angular distribution of the radio-frequency electric field of a short antenna in a plasma in a static magnetic field. The cone angle is observed to vary with incident frequency, cyclotron frequency, and plasma frequency in agreement with simple plasma dielectric theory. We discuss the relationship of these cones to the limiting phase- and group-velocity cones which appear in the theory of plane wave propagation.
Low variation but strong population structure in mitochondrial control region of the plains topminnow, Fundulus sciadicus.

The plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus is a freshwater killifish endemic to the Great Plains of North America. Rising concerns for future viability of this species have prompted recent changes in its conservation status. In this study, the results of a range-wide population genetic survey based on the sequence of entire mitochondrial control region (CR) are presented. A total of 181 fish were collected from 11 sites in Nebraska and 10 sites in Missouri spanning the distribution range of the species. Seven polymorphic sites were found in the 966 base pairs of the CR, and only nine unique haplotypes were detected among all fish. Phylogenetic analysis and statistical parsimony networks identified two distinct clades. The first included fish in the Osage, Gasconade and Spring River drainages in Missouri, while the second included individuals from Nebraska and the Lamine River in Missouri, although the Lamine River is much closer to the other Missouri sites than to the Nebraska sites. Pair-wise FST and average population distances indicated that populations from most drainages are genetically distinct, as 93% of the total molecular variance was attributed to among-drainage effects. Four sites within the main distributions of this species and a highly disjunct site from the south-western portion of the range are suggested as potential targets for conservation.
Liquefaction Centrifuge Modeling of Sands of Different Permeability

This paper presents the results of six centrifuge model tests of liquefaction and earthquake-induced lateral spreading of fine Nevada sand using an inclined laminar box. The centrifuge experiments ...
Effect of Host Genetics on the Development of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Patients with AIDS

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a common opportunistic infection among patients with AIDS and still causes visual morbidity despite the wide spread usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The ubiquitous CMV pathogen contains a human interleukin-10 (IL-10) homolog in its genome and utilizes it to evade host immune reactions through an IL-10 receptor mediated immune-suppression pathway. Methods. Effects of IL-10R1, IL-10 and previously described AIDS restriction gene variants are investigated on the development of CMV retinitis in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (LSOCA) cohort ( ). N p 1284 Results. In European Americans ( ), a haplotype carrying an amino acid changing variation in the n p 750 cytoplasmic domain (S420L) of IL-10R1 can be protective (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02–0.94; ) against, whereas P p .04 another haplotype carrying an amino acid changing variation in the extracellular domain (I224V) of IL-10R1 can be more susceptible (OR, 6.21; 95% CI, 1.22– 31.54; ) to CMV retinitis. In African Americans ( P p .03 n p ), potential effects of IL-10 variants are observed. 534
Above-ground biomass and the fate of carbon after burning in the savannas of Roraima, Brazilian Amazonia

Abstract Above-ground biomass (live + dead), was estimated pre- and post-burn in eight types of savanna ecosystem in Roraima, in the extreme northern part of the Brazilian Amazon. The objective was to investigate the stock of pre-burn above-ground carbon and its fate after experimental fires that were set during the dry season (December–March). The total biomass in each ecosystem was divided into two groups (“fine-fuels” and “trees and shrubs”), and the combustion factor and the concentration of carbon were determined for of each of the biomass components within these groups. The ecosystems with the lowest biomasses were the grasslands (1627–4045 kg ha−1), followed by parkland (6127–8038 kg ha−1) and open woodland savanna (10,246–11,731 kg ha−1). The percentage of “live biomass” was higher in the open woodland vegetation types (77.1–85.6%), and lower in the grassland and parkland types (11.4–51.4%). The total emitted carbon (“presumed release”) in each ecosystem varied from 551 to 1474 kg C ha−1. These results differ from those observed in the savannas of central Brazil (2909 kg C ha−1 emitted), which were used as the standard in the Brazilian national inventory of greenhouse-gas emissions for the burning of non-anthropic savannas. This suggests that the calculations of Brazilian emissions for savannas should be disaggregated by region instead of using standard national values. Savanna ecosystems in Amazonia, although defined phytoecologically in the same way as those of central Brazil (despite being separated by great geographical distances), possess fire dynamics of their own, implying differences in the emissions of greenhouse gases.
Utility of endoscopic ultrasonography in endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts in selected patients.

Objectives To determine the effect of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and to determine patency with fistula dilation and placement of multiple stents. Patients and Methods Between September 1995 and January 1999, 19 patients underwent endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, 17 of whom were assessed by EUS before drainage. Radial EUS scanning was used to detect an optimal site of apposition of pseudocyst and gut wall, free of intervening vessels. A fistula was created with a fistulatome, followed by balloon dilation of the fistula tract. Patency was maintained with multiple double pigtail stents. The primary goal of this retrospective study was to determine whether EUS affected the practice of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Results In 3 patients, drainage was not attempted based on EUS findings. In the other 13 patients (14 pseudo-cysts), creation of a fistula was successful on 13 occasions, and no immediate complications occurred. However, 1 patient subsequently developed sepsis that required surgery. All other patients were treated with balloon dilation, multiple stents, and antibiotics, with no septic complications. Of 14 pseudocysts (in 13 patients), 13 (93%) resolved. Conclusions Results of EUS may alter management of patients considered for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Endoscopic ultrasonography was useful for selecting an optimal and safe drainage site. The combination of balloon dilation, multiple stents, and antibiotics appears to resolve pancreatic pseudocysts without septic complications.
Transition to turbulence in two-dimensional wakes

A new technique is advanced for predicting the location of the laminar turbiiient transition zone in twodimensional wake flows. The technique is based on postulating a minimum turbulence Reynolds number required for sustaining the turbulence once it occurs. Using existing wake turbulence data and compressible laminar wake theory, the turbulence Reynolds number is then algebraically expressed in terms of freestream or wake edge conditions and integral properties. An example is calculated using laminar wake similarity, and a simple formula is found by which the transition distance is linked to the stream Mach number, the heat transfer rate, ratio of specific heats, and other parameters. Some of the existing transition data are utilized to find that the minimum or threshold turbulence Reynolds number is about 15, whereas other available data are compared and found in good agreement with the resulting formula.
An improved capacitance measurement technique based of RC phase delay

Capacitance can be measured by utilizing the phase delay through an RC network consisting of the unknown capacitance and a resistor. Specifically, the RC network delays the state change of an input square wave to produce a pulse width modulated signal based on the phase delay through the RC network. The response of this implementation, however, becomes severely nonlinear if the phase delay is greater than approximately 45°. An improved implementation is presented that avoids the nonlinearity by using a MOSFET switch to discharge the unknown capacitor during each measurement cycle. A prototype circuit was implemented and tested with a 0.7–20pF variable capacitor and a linear response was measured with a sensitivity of 246mV/pF when the output pulse width modulated signal was lowpass filtered, level shifted and amplified.
Clinical nurse researchers' perceptions of hospital nursing research committees: results of a national survey

A growing body of literature portrays sharpening controversy over the appropriate roles and functions of hospital nursing research committees (HNRCs). This descriptive study examined 139 clinical nurse researchers' experiences with HNRCs. Nurse researchers who were members of HNRCs had more positive attitudes towards HNRCs on all three scales of the HNRCQuestionnaire than nurses who were not members of HNRCs. Researchers who were prepared with Master's degrees had more positive attitudes on the HNRC Role Scale than researchers with doctoral degrees. Narrative comments written on the questionnaire reflected a substantial diversity of opinions regarding HNRCs. The results suggest that novice, nondoctorally prepared researchers may perceive the assistance of some HNRCs as beneficial, whereas doctorally prepared researchers tend to perceive them as obstacles.
Intramuscular EMG coherence in health and in neuromuscular disorders

The electromyogram (EMG) interference pattern (EMGIP) is the summed activities of many single fiber action potentials (SFAPs) as they propagate past the recording electrodes, and reflects their temporal and spatial relationships and their propagation speed. Comparing EMGIPs from two locations along the same muscle fibers should give insight into changes that were introduced between these two locations. These changes are expected to correlate with normal and abnormal muscle physiology. In this study, the coherence function was used as the comparison tool. This study was designed to measure the coherence between two EMGIPs recorded intramuscularly by two concentric electrodes separated by 1 cm along the same muscle fibers. The intent was to find coherence values in-and differences among-healthy and diseased muscles. There were 191 subjects: 33 healthy, 85 neuropathic, 28 myasthenic, 13 myotonic, and 32 myopathic. The two main features of this coherence analysis were the significant differences in coherence values between some of the groups in the frequency range of 0 to 70 Hz, and the marked lack of coherence between the two recording electrode EMGIPs in the frequency range above 300 Hz in all of the groups. Also, statistical analysis based on coherence values indicated two significantly distinct clusters in the frequency range of 0 to 70 Hz: the myopathy/myasthenic cluster, with relatively high coherence values, and the normal/neuropathy/myotonic cluster, with relatively low coherence values. Coherence-based classification was correct in 67% of subjects. On theoretical grounds, it was expected that increased dispersion of muscle fiber conduction velocities in myopathy will translate into high-frequency coherence differences between the groups, but this was not found. Instead, significant differences were found in the low-frequency range. It is postulated that the latter resulted from changes in the muscle volume conductor differences in packing of the muscle fibers and differences in fibrous tissue that resulted in differences of impedance within the muscles. This study emphasizes the need for further research into the role and possible utilization of the coherence function in electromyography.
Keeping people in their place: An exploratory analysis of the role of violence in the maintenance of “property rights” in race and gender privileges in the United States

Economists' accounts of the experience of women and people of color in the United States completely omit the role of violence against them. This paper begins the process of incorporating violence into economic analysis, suggesting that violence maintains property rights in race and gender privileges. This paper presents the analytical underpinnings for this conceptualization, surveys the extent of race and gender violence in the United States, and sketches a research agenda investigating the dynamics of race and gender violence.
Korean (and Japanese) Morphology from a Syntactic Perspective

This article concentrates on Sells's (1995) arguments against the syntactic view that words are built in the syntax, and it develops a syntactic account that yields a parsimonious account of the properties of “morphological units.” Inflected words in Korean (and Japanese) are derived syntactically from head-initial structures by phrasal movement. Properties of words follow from regular syntactic principles and phonological properties of affixes. Agreement can be triggered under piedpiping. Word structure interacts with scope (Lee 2004, 2005), arguing for the presence of case affixes in the narrow syntax.
Functional Diversification of Maize RNA Polymerase IV and V Subtypes via Alternative Catalytic Subunits

Summary Unlike nuclear multisubunit RNA polymerases I, II, and III, whose subunit compositions are conserved throughout eukaryotes, plant RNA polymerases IV and V are nonessential, Pol II-related enzymes whose subunit compositions are still evolving. Whereas Arabidopsis Pols IV and V differ from Pol II in four or five of their 12 subunits, respectively, and differ from one another in three subunits, proteomic analyses show that maize Pols IV and V differ from Pol II in six subunits but differ from each other only in their largest subunits. Use of alternative catalytic second subunits, which are nonredundant for development and paramutation, yields at least two subtypes of Pol IV and three subtypes of Pol V in maize. Pol IV/Pol V associations with MOP1, RMR1, AGO121, Zm_DRD1/CHR127, SHH2a, and SHH2b extend parallels between paramutation in maize and the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway in Arabidopsis .
Parallel Processing Approaches to Image Correlation

Image correlation is representative of a wide variety of window-based image processing tasks. The way in which multimi-croprocessor systems (e.g., PASM) can use SIMD parallelism to perform image correlation is examined. Two fundamental algorithm strategies are explored. In one approach, all of the data that will be needed in a processor are transferred to the processor and operated on there. In the other, each processor performs all possible operations on its local data, generating partial results which are then transferred to the processor in which they are needed. The "time/space/inter-processor-transfer" complexities of the two algorithm approaches are analyzed in order to quantify the differences resulting from the two -strategies. For both approaches, the asymptotic time complexity of the N-processor SIMD algorithms is (1/N)th that of the corresponding serial algorithms.
Survey of Global Semigroup Theory

What is global semigroup theory? Is it ‘truly’ global? What is its relation to other areas? For other surveys of global semigroup theory, see [Mar], [Chico], [B-Mar].
Venous Anatomy of the Lower Extremity

A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the superficial venous system and consistent use of the accepted nomenclature will make treating patients and communicating findings more successful.
Physical Effects of Comet and Asteroid Impacts: Beyond the Crater Rim

Astronomical and geological investigations initiated in the past century have revealed that the Earth is continually subjected to the infall of a variety of solid solar system debris. Most of this debris is so small that it evaporates harmlessly, as it enters the Earth’s upper atmosphere at high speed. However, an occasional larger object survives atmosphere entry. Small examples of such objects result in meteorites on the surface of the Earth, with harmful consequences only for the rare individuals, who happen to be struck by them. More infrequent, but larger, objects can cause local or even global devastation. A recent report on the number and consequences of such impacts (Team 2003) proposes that the impact frequency can be computed as a function of the energy release, equal to the kinetic energy of the object before it strikes the Earth: $$ T_{RE} (years) = 110E_{MT}^{0.77} $$ where T RE is the recurrence interval (in years) and E MT is the energy release in megatons of TNT equivalent (1 MT = 1015 cal ≈ 4.2 × 1015 J).
Stimulus-Response Coupling in Metabolic Sensor Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the stimulus-response coupling in metabolic sensor cells. The chapter examines in some detail, sensory transduction by five types of metabolic sensor cells. The five types of metabolic sensor cells are pancreatic islet cells, cardiac and skeletal myocytes and some neurons, chemoreceptor cells of carotid body, vascular smooth muscle cells, and hypoxia-secreting renal interstitial cells and liver ito cells. It is mentioned that the first four types make use of K + channels specially attuned to metabolic changes to transduce stimuli. Some also use the metabolic intermediates to modulate more distal processes n their scheme of stimulus-response coupling. The fifth cell makes use of stimulus-synthesis coupling. The chapter discusses several concepts, including metabolic sensing as protection from hypometabolic injury, stimulus-secretion coupling in carotid chemoreceptor cells, and coupling of oxygen sensing to red cell production by erythropoietin-secreting cells. Sensory receptors usually applies to a limited group of cells, located near the surface of the organism, designed to transduce stimuli from the external environment into the release of a chemical transmitter, which ultimately signals neurons that project into the central nervous system. Currently, among the internal receptors, those sensitive to metabolic changes are better understood than those responding to changes in ionic composition or lumenal tension. Protein kinases are well known to facilitate the attachment of a variety of granules to tracks (microtubules, actin filaments) that bring them in close proximity to the membrane. Anticipation of future high rates of release requires activity-stimulated, energy-dependent insulin synthesis, followed by processing in specialized membrane compartments. Islets display a crude, but effective form of “memory” for previous stimulation. As activity-stimulated protein synthesis can be triggered by changes in cell Ca 2+ , cAMP, and ATP levels, their relative contributions to synthesis of competent new insulin granules is receiving intense scrutiny.
Asia Comes to Main Street and May Learn to Speak Spanish: Globalization in a Poor Neighborhood in Worcester

This paper considers how and why an Asian enclave of small businesses has appeared in a poor neighborhood characterized by Puerto Rican and other Latino immigration in the post-industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts. We begin by examining the role of the US in the world system, and argue that the US hegemonic role and specific political economic aspects of global capitalism (ie. deindustrialization) account for some of the migration stream. Next, using socio-economic and historical data, interviews, and observations, we outline the history of Worcesters economy and immigration patterns. We demonstrate that the increasing economic inequality leaves few promising employment options for newcomers to Worcester. Drawing on existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurs and ethnic enclaves, we argue that some aspects of the literature appear to shed light on the Vietnamese enterprises which have so visibly appeared (e.g., ethnic niches), while others, (e.g., middle-man minority theory) are not now reflected in local conflict. We conclude by considering the prospects for immigrants to this neighborhood in light of its political economic context.
Tung-Hui Hu, A prehistory of the cloud

Every once in a while, and perhaps more frequently in the past few decades, technologies come along that shape the public imagination. Cloud computing technologies—such as Apple’s iCloud or Amazon’...
Development of the Child Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes Assessment (CIRAA)

The purpose of this study was to develop a parent report instrument congruent with child-centered play therapy (CCPT) philosophy with acceptable levels of construct validity, reliability, and sensitivity to clinical attitudes, and responsiveness to intervention. The instrument in development, the Child Interpersonal Relationships and Attitudes Assessment (CIRAA), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) were administered to 136 parents of children aged 3 to 10. The children of the parents in the sample consisted of 90 males and 46 females. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for construct validity. The factor solution explained 53.86% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha was conducted for total scale and all subscales. Reliability coefficients for total and subscale scores were acceptable, with an overall reliability coefficient of .93. A Pearson’s r was conducted for concurrent validity between the instrument, the CBC, and the PSI, with Pearsons’ r of .75 and .74, respectively. Paired-sample t tests using the pre- and posttest scores of the CIRAA examined the responsiveness of the instrument to play therapy intervention at the same level as the CBC and PSI. ROC curve analysis indicated acceptable discrimination of clinical scores and adaptive scores, with a clinical score being generated from the analysis. It is the first parent-report form developed for CCPT, and provides an efficient, philosophically consistent instrument for CCPT practitioners to use in clinical and research applications.