cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The multiprocessor system with a fairly weighted global bus arbitration circuit

The design and construction of a tightly coupled multiprocessor system and a global bus granting arbitration circuit is discussed. The prototype system performance is analyzed, and it is shown that the addition of loosely coupled system features like private input-output devices and large local memories on a tightly coupled system exhibit characteristics such as high reliability and availability, ease of expansion, ease of programming, economy, and significantly higher performance over a comparable class of uniprocessor systems. >
Protein Kinase R Degradation Is Essential for Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection and Is Regulated by SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF)FBXW11-NSs E3 Ligase.

Activated protein kinase R (PKR) plays a vital role in antiviral defense primarily by inhibiting protein synthesis and augmenting interferon responses. Many viral proteins have adopted unique strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of PKR. The NSs (Non-structural s) protein which is encoded by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) promotes early PKR proteasomal degradation through a previously undefined mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that NSs carries out this activity by assembling the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box)FBXW11 E3 ligase. NSs binds to the F-box protein, FBXW11, via the six amino acid sequence DDGFVE called the degron sequence and recruits PKR through an alternate binding site to the SCFFBXW11 E3 ligase. We further show that disrupting the assembly of the SCFFBXW11-NSs E3 ligase with MLN4924 (a small molecule inhibitor of SCF E3 ligase activity) or NSs degron viral mutants or siRNA knockdown of FBXW11 can block PKR degradation. Surprisingly, under these conditions when PKR degradation was blocked, NSs was essential and sufficient to activate PKR causing potent inhibition of RVFV infection by suppressing viral protein synthesis. These antiviral effects were antagonized by the loss of PKR expression or with a NSs deleted mutant virus. Therefore, early PKR activation by disassembly of SCFFBXW11-NSs E3 ligase is sufficient to inhibit RVFV infection. Furthermore, FBXW11 and BTRC are the two homologues of the βTrCP (Beta-transducin repeat containing protein) gene that were previously described to be functionally redundant. However, in RVFV infection, among the two homologues of βTrCP, FBXW11 plays a dominant role in PKR degradation and is the limiting factor in the assembly of the SCFFBXW11 complex. Thus, FBXW11 serves as a master regulator of RVFV infection by promoting PKR degradation. Overall these findings provide new insights into NSs regulation of PKR activity and offer potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention of RVFV infection.
The Adjudication That Ate Arizona Water Law

This article traces the expansive and expensive contours of the Gila River Adjudication (the Adjudication) begun in 1974 to remedy depletions of the Verde River, a tributary of the Salt River, to which Salt River Project (SRP) and its members possess rights as senior appropriators on the Salt River. The Adjudication is the largest, longest, and one of the most expensive judicial proceedings in the history of Arizona, and is one of the most complex judicial proceedings in the United States. While originally intended to determine all water rights in one proceeding, the Adjudication’s length caused SRP, within the Adjudication, to resort to piecemeal litigation against individual infringers. This article considers the role of the Gila River and its tributaries in Arizona's water supply, the key developments in Arizona water law behind the Gila River Adjudication, the history of the Adjudication and the consequent litigation and legislation, the prospects for the Adjudication’s completion, the Adjudication’s negative effect on water rights enforcement, and the recent motions for interim relief filed by SRP in 2004. It concludes by evaluating whether a comprehensive general stream adjudication is an efficient means of determining water rights and suggests an alternative mechanism, based on Colorado's system of 'rolling' water adjudications, for determining and enforcing water rights in Arizona and the proposed relationship to Indian reserved water rights claims.
Assessments of Crime Seriousness on an American Indian Reservation A Reanalysis of Abril (2007)

Data from a survey of residents of a Southern Ute Indian reservation in Colorado carried out by Abril (2007) are used to compare perceptions of crime seriousness held by members of an American Indi...
A Simple Method for High-Lift Propeller Conceptual Design

In this paper, we present a simple method for designing propellers that are placed upstream of the leading edge of a wing in order to augment lift. Because the primary purpose of these "high-lift propellers" is to increase lift rather than produce thrust, these props are best viewed as a form of high-lift device; consequently, they should be designed differently than traditional propellers. We present a theory that describes how these props can be designed to provide a relatively uniform axial velocity increase, which is hypothesized to be advantageous for lift augmentation based on a literature survey. Computational modeling indicates that such propellers can generate the same average induced axial velocity while consuming less power and producing less thrust than conventional propeller designs. For an example problem based on specifications for NASA's Scalable Convergent Electric Propulsion Technology and Operations Research (SCEPTOR) flight demonstrator, a propeller designed with the new method requires approximately 15% less power and produces approximately 11% less thrust than one designed for minimum induced loss. Higher-order modeling and/or wind tunnel testing are needed to verify the predicted performance.
Role of striatal dopamine signaling in compulsive eating associated with obesity

As access to inexpensive energy-dense foods increases and lifestyles become ever more sedentary obesity levels have climbed. The mesoaccumbens dopamine system is essential to maintaining appropriate control over feeding and associated behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that consumption of highly palatable energy-dense food profoundly impacts mesoaccumbens dopamine neurotransmission and downstream signaling cascades in cortical and limbic regions. Furthermore, it is increasingly clear that dysregulation of dopamine receptor function contributes to the emergence of compulsive food intake, which likely contributes to weight gain, development of obesity and difficulties losing weight. Understanding the nature of these perturbations in mesoaccumbens dopamine may reveal novel strategies for medications development to combat obesity and obesity-associated diseases.
Fractured Mandala: The Inescapable Ambiguities of Gravity's Rainbow

Criticism on Gravity's Rainbow has wavered between seeing the novel as a heterogeneous sprawl that defies totalizing interpretation and a paranoid vision in which, as the narrator claims, "everything is connected." Through its astute detective work on the novel's chronology, Steven Weisenburger's A Gravity's Rainbow Companion: Sources and Contexts for Pynchon's Novel strengthens the claim for connection. In line-by-line annotations, Weisenburger explores the conjunctions among the Christian liturgical calendar, ancient rituals, and historical events that, he argues, structure the narrative and give it a mandala-like shape. The argument for this structure is one of the Companion's major contributions. Another is the extensive research tracking allusions and references to Pynchon's source materials, particularly the London Times from 1943-45 and various technical and historical texts.
Surgical exploration for hyperparathyroidism

Traditionally, primary hyperparathyroidism has been managed surgically with 4-gland exploration. Surgical exploration remains the gold standard in parathyroid surgery and remains an important surgical technique despite the popularity of minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. In this article, we describe the indications, technique, and other perioperative considerations in bilateral parathyroid exploration.
SU-F-T-553: Sector Output Uniformity of the Perfexion Gamma Knife

Purpose: To study the uniformity of single-sector outputs from the 3 collimators of the Perfexion Gamma Knife (PGK) unit and investigate the potential impact on Gamma Knife treatment planning. Methods: An A16 ion chamber and a SFD diode detector were used to measure both the output factors and the single-sector outputs from a PGK unit. The detectors were placed in custom inserts in the center of a spherical solid water phantom and connected to a Max 4000 electrometer during the measurements. For single-sector outputs, a treatment plan with a prescription dose of 1 Gy at the focal point was generated for each sector of the 16 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm collimators and was exported to the console computer for dose delivery. The procedure was repeated 3 times for each sector and an average value was taken as the sector output. Results: The differences between the output factors from the diode measurements and the clinical values for the 8 mm and 4 mm collimators were −0.4% and −2.1% respectively. The corresponding values for the A16 ion chamber were −3.5% and −17.1%. The maximum differences among the 8 single-sector outputs for the 16 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm collimators were 4%, 3.7%, and 4.6% respectively. Variations of the sector outputs (defined as the standard deviation-to-mean ratio) among the 8 single-sector outputs for the 16 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm collimators were measured at 1.16%, 1.32%, and 1.81%. Measurements using the ion chamber were similar to those acquired with the diode for the 16 mm and 8 mm collimators. Conclusion: Single-sector outputs for the 8 sectors of the 16 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm collimators of the PGK differed by less than 5% and are within the specified range of planning accuracy.
Musculoskeletal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute crystalline synovitis

Both gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease are common metabolic arthopathies, presenting not only diagnostic but also management challenges. Though histological crystal aspiration is definitive, diagnosis is commonly established through a composite of clinical features and laboratory findings. Musculoskeletal ultrasound has a contributory and growing role not only in routine disease surveillance but also in helping render a timely and specific diagnosis for patients presenting with new-onset oligoarticular arthritis in the emergency setting. In this article, we review the various general and characteristic ultrasound features of crystalline arthropathy as well as the published data in regard to sonographic performance metrics.
Skepticism and Rationality

In general the skeptic holds that there is no knowledge, i.e., that no one knows anything to be true. As the term is usually used in ordinary language, a skeptic doubts whether there is knowledge in some restricted domain. The skeptic about morals, for example, thinks there is no ethical knowledge, the religious skeptic no religious knowledge, and so on. One can even be a skeptic about a whole range of areas, e.g., social science, and hold that people in those areas do not have “genuine” knowledge. Skeptics in this sense usually believe that some people have knowledge, usually because they operate in a superior area where knowledge is possible, e.g., science or physics. The sort of skeptic that interests philosophers is the general or unrestricted skeptic who holds that no one has any knowledge at all.
Self-powered Sensing for Chemical and Environmental Detection

In this chapter, we present self-powered chemical/environmental sensors, the working principle of which relies on the changeof triboelectric charge density when the pretreated triboelectric surface has been assembled with certain chemical species, usually by immersing it in the aqueous solution of chemicals. Hence, variations of electric output performance (open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current) could be monitored with respect to different concentrations of chemicals. On the basis of this concept, a few original self-powered chemical and environmental sensors have been developed to detect the concentration of heavy metal ions, phenol, catechin, and UV intensity. High sensitivity and excellent selectivity has been achieved for each of these chemical/environmental sensors, indicating its potential and promising applications in building fully self-powered chemical detection and environmental monitoring systems.
Interpreting oblique impact data from an accelerometer-instrumented ice hockey helmet:

The purpose of this study was to assess the correlations of acceleration measurements between an instrumented hockey helmet and the Hybrid III headform and to determine whether collision with a bro...
Prediction of the Phase Behavior and Properties of Hydrocarbons with a One-Parameter PC-SAFT Approach Assisted by a Group Contribution Method

Modeling thermodynamic properties can be challenging when the data availability for parameters identification is limited. Fully predictive group contribution (GC) methods have been developed as an alternative to overcome data scarcity. However, in order to provide a higher degree of accuracy, most recent GC approaches require detailed information on the molecule’s structure, which is not acquirable for systems with unspecified components. This work intends to establish the foundation to overcome this limitation. The proposed PC-SAFT approach assisted by a homosegmented group contribution scheme permits parameters calculation with accuracy due to one adjustable parameter without requiring meticulous information regarding the molecular structure, for instance, the relative position between carbon-centered groups. This semipredictive approach is especially suitable for cases in which some data are available but are not taken into consideration by current GC models. A genetic algorithm-based routine was devel...
Proposed Financial Statement Fraud-Risk Assessment

The fraud occurred in three different ways: lack of awareness of acting fraudulently (by error), awareness of acting fraudulently coupled with rationalization to avoid negative affect or emotion (individual’s intuition support committing a fraud), or awareness of acting fraudulently coupled with reasoning through cost-benefit analysis (individual’s intuition unclear) (Murphy & Dacin, 2011). The fraud is a worldwide, multifaceted phenomenon, whose contextual factors may not fit into a particular framework (Lokanan, 2015). The management fraud, like any other human behavior, is an intentional, complex, multidimensional act that results from multiple interactive factors (Hutchison, 2013). It can be viewed from different theoretical perspectives such as systems, conflict, rational choice, social constructivist, social behavioral, psychodynamic, and developmental perspectives (Hutchison, 2013). The human behavior is influenced by several factors such as intrapersonal (attitude, values, belief, and personality traits), social (social norms and controls), institutional (policies, laws, rules and regulations), and ethical factors (personal moral value and organization value/culture) (Murphy & Dacin, 2011). The management fraud can be viewed as a decisional, behavioral, cognitive, societal, emotional, or ethical phenomenon.
An Ostrich Burying Its Head in the Sand? The 2009 NASPAA Standards and Scope of Information Technology and E-Government Curricula

AbstractThis article examines the scope of information technology and e-government (IT/e-government) in public administration curricula following the 2009 Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA) standards. We ask, are we preparing public administration students for the realities of governance in the digital world? We surveyed NASPAA principal representatives and analyzed the NASPAA database of Master of Public Administration (MPA) program selfstudies. The analysis shows that MPA curricula do not give IT/e-government adequate importance, especially in schools accredited under the 2009 standards. The stark findings hold important lessons for public administration education. If curricula continue to systematically underrepresent IT/egovernment, we will train a workforce unprepared for the digital world. The NASPAA competencies should acknowledge IT/e-government as a dominant theme in present-day governance. If not, those of us in public administration education will be like ...
Of Clams and Clovis: Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico

What was once a reasonably direct archaeological debate regarding absolute chronology­ has become markedly more complex and now encompasses not only ­dating, but human ecology and agency, along with necessarily much broader frames of reference. Recent discoveries and new examinations of older finds have opened the door to a surge of reinterpretations, not all of which are very well anchored to reliable data. I refer of course to the dialogues surrounding the initial Peopling of the New World, although the general pattern of events described above could apply to the maturation of any investigative effort. I consider this an exciting time to be researching­ the earliest societies of the New World, although it is a time where the exuberance of being freed from narrow interpretive limits must be tempered by continued, if not heightened, rigor in the evaluation and recovery of data. Much of the nebulosity we encounter is the result of inconsistent definitions and varying application of critical terminology. I do not here call for rigid semantic standardization, but for a coherent conceptual framework that will allow the community of Paleo-Americanist researchers­ to communicate effectively across regional and theoretical boundaries.
Comparison of Security Models: Attack Graphs Versus Petri Nets

Abstract Modeling of system and information security aims to facilitate formal representation and analysis of security, where vulnerabilities are identified and addressed. This chapter discusses the two categories of static and dynamic security models, as exemplified by attack graphs and Petri nets, respectively. Also discussed is the significant enhancement that results from extending these models to capture nondeterministic behavior, in stochastic attack graphs and stochastic Petri nets, respectively. The models are evaluated and compared with respect to (i) accuracy and (ii) potential for decision support, and Petri nets are found to be superior to attack graphs in both criteria.
Incarcerated Paraesophageal Hernia

The terminology used to describe diaphragmatic hernias may be confusing. The first step is to differentiate hernias through the esophageal hiatus from hernias through the diaphragmatic musculature. These later type are more commonly congenital in nature such as Bochdalek or Morgagni hernias. They may also result from traumatic injuries, which may present immediately after the trauma or in a delayed fashion.
Underwater Acoustic Channel Propagation Module for Simulation of Large-Scale Sub-Aquatic Internet of Things (IoT) Networks in JiST/SWANS

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that interact with the physical environment and communicate with each other over the Internet, requiring little or no human interaction. IoT applications are present in many fields ranging from mining and exploration to security and surveillance. This arguably, is the second Internet revolution. For traditional internet applications, the wireless channel is the main communication medium. IoT networked applications, however, can be deployed in different environments such as underwater and subterranean. In these environments, the wireless communication medium is obviously not air. Radio signal suffers severe attenuation in water. In contrast, acoustic signal performs much better. For this reason acoustic signal is often considered in underwater IoT networks. Several factors affect the propagation of acoustic signal in water including frequency, distance, temperature, shipping activity, wind, salinity, depth and density. Given the many variables affecting the channel, simple mathematical modeling is not adequate and comprehensive models get very complex very quickly. Simulation modeling then becomes the only viable alternative for the modeling and analysis of underwater networks. Aside from a basic model in ns-2 & ns-3, there aren't any other simulators that model signal propagation for underwater environments. In this work, we develop a module for the acoustic channel in JiST/SWANS (Java in Simulation Time / Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulator). JiST/SWANS is a high-performance discrete event simulator written in Java, and it is very efficient in its memory usage. This makes it ideal for modeling and simulation of a large number of nodes, a typical scenario in IoT networks. We perfomed several simulation scenarios to validate our module. Our contribution is providing a scalable platform to study the performance of large-scale acoustic underwater IoT networks using the JiST/SWANS simulator.
Vectorcardiogram in athletes: The Sun Valley Ski Study.

BACKGROUND Global electrical heterogeneity (GEH) is associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in adults of 45 years and above. However, GEH has not been previously measured in young athletes. The goal of this study was to establish a reference for vectorcardiograpic (VCG) metrics in male and female athletes. METHODS Skiers (n = 140; mean age 19.2 ± 3.5 years; 66% male, 94% white; 53% professional athletes) were enrolled in a prospective cohort. Resting 12-lead ECGs were interpreted per the International ECG criteria. Associations of age, sex, and athletic performance with GEH were studied. RESULTS In age and training level-adjusted analyses, male sex was associated with a larger T vector [T peak magnitude +186 (95% CI 106-266) µV] and a wider spatial QRS-T angle [+28.2 (17.3-39.2)°] as compared to women. Spatial QRS-T angle in the ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) voltage group (n = 21; 15%) and normal ECG group did not differ (67.7 ± 25.0 vs. 66.8 ± 28.2; p = 0.914), suggesting that ECG LVH voltage in athletes reflects physiological remodeling. In contrast, skiers with right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) voltage (n = 26, 18.6%) had wider QRS-T angle (92.7 ± 29.6 vs. 66.8 ± 28.2°; p = 0.001), larger SAI QRST (194.9 ± 30.2 vs. 157.8 ± 42.6 mV × ms; p < 0.0001), but similar peak SVG vector magnitude (1976 ± 548 vs. 1939 ± 395 µV; p = 0.775) as compared to the normal ECG group. Better athletic performance was associated with the narrower QRS-T angle. Each 10% worsening in an athlete's Federation Internationale de' Ski downhill ranking percentile was associated with an increase in spatial QRS-T angle by 2.1 (95% CI 0.3-3.9) degrees (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Vectorcardiograpic adds nuances to ECG phenomena in athletes.
Zero-Shot Learning

Zero-shot learning targets at precisely recognizing unseen categories through a shared visual-semantic function, which is built on the seen categories and expected to well adapt to unseen categories. However, the semantic gap across visual features and their underlying semantics is still the most challenging obstacle. In this chapter, we tackle this issue by exploiting the intrinsic relationship in the semantic manifold and enhancing the transferability of visual-semantic function. Specifically, we propose an Adaptive Latent Semantic Representation (ALSR) model in a sparse dictionary learning scheme, where a generic semantic dictionary is learned to connect the latent semantic space with visual feature space. To build a fast inference model, we explore a non-linear network to approximate the latent sparse semantic representation, which lies in the semantic manifold space. Consequently, our model could extract a variety of visual characteristics within seen classes, which can be well generalized to unobserved classes.
Spectral Narrowing and Stabilization of 10-W Broad-Area Laser With Fiber Pump Delivery System

The emission spectrum of a 10-W commercial broad-area laser operated at full power was narrowed and stabilized by coupling an off-axis portion of its far-field emission to a single-mode fiber Bragg grating. The feedback produced in this partial compound cavity configuration narrowed the FWHM linewidth of the laser by $7\times $ compared with the free-running case and stabilized its peak wavelength over a 7° temperature range. Furthermore, the feedback improved the spectral density of the emission by $2\times $ over a 1.5° temperature range and over most of the far-field emission angles, indicating a robust concept suitable for manufacturing. This proof-of-concept experiment can be translated into a fiber pump delivery system that can capture all the broad-area laser (BAL) output while providing feedback to improve the spectral and potentially spatial properties of BAL emission.
Integrate Global Sustainability Virtual Exchange Into Teaching Computer Science Concepts

The increasing globalization of technology has changed the face of computer science. In addition to core technology skills, modern computer scientist must possess cross-cultural communication skills, team management skills, the ability to perform on geographically distributed teams, and an understanding of the big picture in addition to technical ability. Lord Fairfax Community College (LFCC) used a virtual exchange as a teaching tool for introductory computer science concepts. Nineteen students participated in the Global Solutions Sustainability Challenge, a project supported by the Stevens Initiative, which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and administered by the Aspen Institute. The project aims to find a sustainable solution to an issue within the hospitality and tourism industry, while providing students an opportunity to learn about a different culture. Over 10 week students learned about the seven big concepts of computer science, marketing, business plans, team work, public speaking, research, leadership, graphic design, application development, and much more. The poster describes the virtual student exchange concept, highlights the experiences and key elements that global virtual exchange offers students without travel expenses.
CHAPTER 15 – DIRAC EQUATION

Publisher Summary The phenomena occurring in atoms and molecules are describable, for the most part, based on nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This chapter presents the relativistic equation of Dirac, which helps to obtain expressions for the various interaction terms that appear in the Schrodinger Hamiltonian equations. The approach of the Dirac equation is rigorous only for the one-electron case because the Dirac equation applies only to a single particle. The Dirac equation for a free particle serves to introduce the formalism and is modified to include effects due to external fields. The Dirac equation is regarded as a fundamental equation whose validity must be investigated independently of any classical arguments.
Bidirectional Associations between Youth Adjustment and Mothers’ and Fathers’ Coparenting Conflict

Research demonstrates significant associations between coparenting conflict and child adjustment problems. However, the implications of youth adjustment for coparenting, especially during youth’s adolescence, remain poorly understood. Addressing several gaps in the literature, this study examines the longitudinal trajectory of mothers’ and fathers’ reported coparenting conflict from youth ages 10–17 and tests bidirectional associations between youth social anxiety, hostility, risk-taking behaviors, and mothers’ and fathers’ coparenting conflict. Participants include 757 mothers, fathers, and youth in two-parent families (M youth age = 11.28, SD = 0.49; 53% female) who participated in 5 waves of data collection when youth were in the 6th to 9th grades. Multilevel growth curve models revealed significant non-linear change in mothers’ and fathers’ coparenting conflict, such that coparenting conflict declined through youth’s transition to adolescence, leveled off in early adolescence, and declined in the mid-late adolescent years. Cross-lagged models showed significant positive associations between youth social anxiety and hostility and coparenting conflict at the following time point, but coparenting conflict did not predict later youth adjustment problems in these domains. There were significant bidirectional associations between mother-reported coparenting conflict and youth risk-taking behaviors; the associations between coparenting conflict and risk-taking were not significant for fathers. The findings demonstrate that investigating longitudinal associations between youth adjustment and coparenting conflict may provide new insights into the role of child effects for mothers’ and fathers’ coparenting experiences.
Going to college in the sixties, by John R. Thelin

The phrase ‘the Sixties’ conjures up vivid images of protests, demonstrations, rallies and the counterculture. However, John R. Thelin observes, ‘even at a radicalized campus, volatile student demo...
Housing Turnover and Employment Change

As the economy strengthens and employment increases, the relevance of how employment changes affect housing turnover becomes more apparent. Using a varying parameter model and a large cross-section...
Exploring discussions of health and risk and public sentiment in Massachusetts during COVID-19 pandemic mandate implementation: A Twitter analysis

As policies are adjusted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic according to public health best practices, there is a need to balance the importance of social distancing in preventing viral spread with the strain that these governmental public safety mandates put on public mental health. Thus, there is need for continuous observation of public sentiment and deliberation to inform further adaptation of mandated interventions. In this study, we explore how public response may be reflected in Massachusetts (MA) via social media by specifically exploring temporal patterns in Twitter posts (tweets) regarding sentiment and discussion of topics. We employ interrupted time series centered on (1) Massachusetts State of Emergency declaration (March 10), (2) US State of Emergency declaration (March 13) and (3) Massachusetts public school closure (March 17) to explore changes in tweet sentiment polarity (net negative/positive), expressed anxiety and discussion on risk and health topics on a random subset of all tweets coded within Massachusetts and published from January 1 to May 15, 2020 (n = 2.8 million). We find significant differences between tweets published before and after mandate enforcement for Massachusetts State of Emergency (increased discussion of risk and health, decreased polarity and increased anxiety expression), US State of Emergency (increased discussion of risk and health, and increased anxiety expression) and Massachusetts public school closure (increased discussion of risk and decreased polarity). Our work further validates that Twitter data is a reasonable way to monitor public sentiment and discourse within a crisis, especially in conjunction with other observation data.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common inflammatory spondyloarthropathy with hip involvement in 40% of patients. With the renewed interest in the hip-spine interplay, this study aimed to define long-term outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the setting of AS. Methods We identified 309 hips (219 patients) with AS treated with primary THA from 1969 to 2018. Mean age was 49 years, 80% were males, and mean body mass index was 28 kg/m2. Cumulative incidences of any revision, reoperation, and dislocation were calculated utilizing a competing risk analysis. Harris Hip Scores and complications were also reported. Mean follow-up was 16 years. Results The cumulative incidence of any revision after primary THA was 2.3% at 5 years and 17.5% at 20 years. The most common reasons for revision (n = 73) were aseptic loosening (41%), osteolysis/polyethylene (PE) wear (30%, all with conventional PE), and femoral component fracture (8%). The cumulative incidence of dislocation was 1.9% at 5 years and 2.9% at 20 years. Younger age was associated with increased risk of revision (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.3, P Conclusion In this series of 309 primary THAs in patients with AS, the 20-year cumulative incidence of any revision after primary THA was 17.5%. Aseptic loosening, osteolysis/PE wear, and femoral component fracture were the most common reasons for revision. Notably, the cumulative incidence of dislocation at 20 years was only 2.9%. Level of Evidence Level IV.
Institutional Constraints on the Value of Corporate Political Connections

This paper examines the contingent financial value of corporate political connections and the strategic choice of firms to hold such connections in different institutional environments. I construct...
Modeling the influence of fused filament fabrication processing parameters on the mechanical properties of ABS parts

Abstract Modeling the influence of the processing parameters of fused filament fabrication (FFF) on the mechanical properties of FFF fabricated parts is a challenging task due to the complex dynamics and the large number of factors that affect the quality of the fabricated parts. Therefore, optimizing the mechanical properties of parts fabricated using FFF usually requires a considerable number of test samples. Most past studies have focused on the main effects of the processing parameters and have ignored the interactions between the parameters or their non-linear effects on the mechanical properties of FFF fabricated parts. In the work presented, the effects of the layer thickness, nozzle temperature, infill percentage, and infill pattern are investigated to achieve the fabricated parts' optimum strength and stiffness. A group of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was used to model the influence of these processing parameters on the mechanical properties of FFF fabricated ABS parts. The Design of Experiments (DOE) approach was utilized to minimize the number of tests needed to study the investigated parameters. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Taguchi's orthogonal arrays were used to generate the training and testing data sets used to develop a group of ANN models and evaluate their performance. Furthermore, the fitness of ANN models was compared to the regression models of the RSM and Taguchi's DOE. It was found that some parameters exhibit strong interaction and nonlinear effects on the strength, stiffness, and ductility of FFF fabricated parts. The coefficient of determination R2 indicates that the ANN models were more accurate at predicting the mechanical properties than DOE regression models. The contour plots show that generally, increasing the layer thickness and infill percentage increase the tensile strength and the elastic modulus and that increasing the nozzle temperature is important when thick layers are used. For the ductility, the infill pattern is the most significant parameter, with linear infill yielding the highest ductility and triangular yielding the lowest. Lower nozzle temperature generally improves the ductility which is the exact opposite of what is required to maximize the elastic modulus and tensile strength. Finally, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to obtain the non-dominated Pareto-optimal solutions that can lead to an optimal combination of the mechanical properties.
The Pina Bausch sourcebook : the making of Tanztheater

Pina Bausch’s work has had tremendous impact across the spectrum of late twentieth-century performance practice, helping to redefine the possibilities of what both dance and theater can be. This edited collection presents a compendium of source material and contextual essays that examine Pina Bausch's history, practice and legacy, and the development of Tanztheater as a new form, with sections including: Dance and theatre roots and connections; Bausch’s developmental process; The creation of Tanztheater; Bausch’s reception; Critical perspectives. Interviews, reviews and major essays chart the evolution of Bausch’s pioneering approach and explore this evocative new mode of performance. Edited by noted Bausch scholar, Royd Climenhaga, The Pina Bausch Sourcebook aims to open up Bausch’s performative world for students, scholars, dance and theatre artists and audiences everywhere.
Customer Development, Innovation, and Decision-Making Biases int he Lean Startup

This paper reviews current research relevant to new product development, customer development, and the lean startup. Customer development and the lean startup are a new and increasingly used form of entrepreneurship process, which rely on hypothesis testing but not in the traditional sense; the entrepreneur is encouraged to scan the environment, collect information, and form and evaluate educated guesses so as to make accurate judgments and decisions. The present research provides a review of the customer development model for entrepreneurial activities and a critique of this hypothesis testing methodology. We then consider ways in which to improve decision making within the startup via a systematic study of System 1 ( intuition) and System 2 ( reasoned and rational) decision-making styles. This paper has significant implications for entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship support organizations, such as incubators and accelerators, and entrepreneurship educators, all of whom are increasingly practicing and teaching this process.
Three Ways of Being Modern: The Lost Generation Trilogy by James R. Mellow

IN HIS ESSAY "Modernity on Endless Trial," Leszek Kolakowski writes, "Having no clear idea what modernity is, we have recently tried to escape forward from the issue by talking about postmodernity. . . . When we leave aside these labels, the real question remains: Why is the malaise associated with the experience of modernity so widely felt, and where are the sources of those aspects of modernity that make this malaise particularly painful?" Though Kolakowski is referring to our culture at large, he could just as easily be narrowing his focus to our literature. Our time is, as of yet, insufficiently defined. If we are to know where we are now?which seems to be at least one of contemporary literature's obsessions?we must look closer at where we came from. James Mellow's three biographies of this country's first and most famous modern writers?Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein & Company; Invented Lives: F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald; Ernest Hemingway: A Life Without Consequences?is the best record we have of our literary primogenitors and the processes by which they changed a Victorian literary landscape to better reflect their differently troubled, modern world. Charmed Circle, the first of the biographies, is a meticulously researched recreation of the artistic community on the West Bank of Paris. Aided first by her brother Leo, and then by companion Alice B. Toklas, Gertrude Stein turned her salon at 27, rue de Fleurus into "the first museum of modern art." It was here that other artists and important collectors encountered Cezanne's subtle division of an object into spatial planes; the wild color and fluid lines of the Fauves; the primitive, pictorial violence of Picasso's early cubist experiments. Mellow's critical knowledge of the paintings is crucial to our understanding of the written texts Stein produced under their influence, such as Three Lives, which was written literally underneath a Cezanne portrait:
Bias in Proportion Judgments with Pie Charts: The Cyclical Power Model:

Subjects were shown pie charts with tickmarks at two, three, four, or eight evenly-spaced locations. The tickmarks were located around the edge of the pie, on a line where the subject responded, or both. A cyclical power model based on Stevens' law was used to account for the observed bias patterns. The model proposes that subjects use reference points to constrain the range of values used in the judgment. When more than two reference points are used, the model predicts multiple cycles of bias. The results showed that increasing the number of reference points on the response line from two to four changed the number of bias cycles, while the estimated Stevens exponent remained approximately constant at 0.8. The model can be used as a tool to assess how graphs, dials, and meters are read.
Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound echo intensity (EI) with high-resolution T1-weighted MRI and to establish calibration equations to estimate percent intramuscular fat from EI. Methods: Thirty-one participants underwent both ultrasound and MRI testing of 4 muscles: rectus femoris (RF); biceps femoris (BF); tibialis anterior (TA); and medial gastrocnemius (MG). Results: Strong correlations were found between MRI percent fat and muscle EI after correcting for subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.91 in RF, r = 0.80 in BF, r = 0.80 in TA, r = 0.76 in MG). Three types of calibration equations were established. Conclusions: Muscle ultrasound is a practical and reproducible method that can be used as an imaging technique for examination of percent intramuscular fat. Future ultrasound studies are needed to establish equations for other muscle groups to enhance its use in both research and clinical settings. Muscle Nerve, 2015
Judicial Power and Strategic Communication in Mexico

Part I. Judicial Communication and Judicial Power: 1. Introduction 2. A model of constitutional review and case promotion Appendix 2 Part II. The Politics of Constitutional Review in Mexico: 3. Public relations on the Mexican Supreme Court 4. Decisions, case promotion, and compliance in Mexico Appendix 4A Appendix 4B Part III. Relationships between Transparency and Legitimacy: 5. Constitutional review and the development of judicial legitimacy Appendix 5 6. A cross-national analysis of judicial legitimacy 7. Democracy and the development of judicial power.
Finitary Linear Groups: A Survey

This is a survey article outlining the current state of research in the area of finitary linear groups. While many aspects of the subject are covered, special emphasis is placed on foundations, locally solvable groups, and locally finite groups. Generally, proofs are not included.
Summation of Coulomb fields in computer-simulated disordered systems

Abstract Formulae are derived for the sums over Coulomb forces exerted on a charged particle by other charged particles, the central cell system being repeated to infinity by periodic boundary conditions. Such sums are needed in molecular dynamics simulations involving either ions or neutral molecules represented as bound conglomerates of charges, and in astrophysical simulations of gravitating masses. The derived sums are rapidly convergent, being expressed in terms of Bessel functions Kr(z), which decrease exponentially with z. The force expressions are integrated analytically to give the potential function, which may be used in Monte Carlo simulations. The geometries considered are: (i) systems confined between two parallel walls, and (ii) unconfined three-dimensional systems.
Circular dichroism spectra and electronic rotatory strengths of the europium 4f→4f transitions in Na3[Eu(ODA)3]·2NaClO4·6H2O

Abstract Axial absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra are reported over the 16000–37700 cm−1 spectral region for single crystals of Na3[Eu(oxydiacetate)3]·2NaClO4·6H2O at room temperature. The transitions observed in these spectra originate from crystal-field levels of the 7F0, 7F1, and 7F2 multiplets of Eu3+, and they terminate in crystal-field levels spanning excited-state multiplet manifolds. Rotatory strengths for 14 crystal-field transitions are determined from the experimental CD data. Calculations of rotatory strengths, dipole strengths, and dissymmetry factors are reported for transitions spanning the entire 16000–37700 cm−1 spectral region, and these calculated properties are used to simulate CD and absorption spectra. The calculations are based on a parametric model calibrated to yield optimized fits between calculated and experimental energy level data and dipole strength data. Rotatory strengths are somewhat more sensitive to the SLJMJ compositions of the 4fN crystal-field state vectors and to the interactions responsible for coupling (or mixing) the 4fN states with electronic states of opposite parity. The calculated and observed CD and absorption spectra exhibit very good agreement in all but a few transition regions, which suggests that the crystal-field energy levels and state vectors of Eu3+ in Na3[Eu(ODA)3]·2NaClO4·6H2O are well characterized by the parametric model employed in this study. The most prominent disagreements between calculation and experiment are observed in the 7F0→5D2 and 7F0→5F2 transition regions, and possible reasons for these disagreements are discussed.
Author retrospective improving data cache performance by pre-executing instructions under a cache miss

The paper introduces and evaluates a technique, referred to as runahead, that prefetches instructions and data into the L1 caches on cache misses. The results of the experiments reported in the paper show that the CPI of a simple in-order pipeline could be reduced by 30%. The principle advantage of runahead over many other prefetching strategies, is twofold: 1) it prefetches both instructions and date; and 2) it is able to create non-sequential data prefetches.Original Paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/263580.263597.
The use of modal superposition in nonlinear dynamics

Abstract This paper describes the application of the modal superposition method to the calculation of the nonlinear dynamic response of structures. Although this method has often been used in the analysis of linear response, it was seldom been applied in nonlinear problems. The reasons for this are obvious and seem to be quite valid, but the examples considered herein indicate that modal superposition may be a more useful computational tool than has heretofore been imagined. Four different problems are considered in this paper: a three dimensional cable stayed bridge, a double layered three dimensional cable network, an unstiffened suspension bridge, and a three dimensional elastic-plastic frame. The problems are chosen to exemplify both the strengths and weaknesses of the modal superposition method.
Inherited restrictive cardiomyopathy in a 74-year-old woman: A case of Fabry's disease

Fabry's disease is an X-linked disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism resulting from deficient activity of the lysosomal hydrolase a-galactosidase A. 1, 2 This defect leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipid in lysosomes of vascular endothelial cells, smooth-muscle cells, cardiac myocytes, and fibroblasts. In hemizygous male patients clinical manifestations begin in adolescence with angiokeratomas and acroparesthesias. By the fourth decade, renal involvement occurs with proteinuria, often progressing to renal failure, along with ocular abnormalities and cardiac manifestations such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation, congestive heart failure, ischemia and infarction, and valvular diseaseff 6 Death typically occurs in hemizygous males by the fifth decade. Female heterozygores, by contrast, usually have normal life expectancy. Although many affected females are asymptomatic carriers, some have renal or cardiac involvement by the fifth or sixth decade. 7-9 We report on a patient with a restrictive cardiomyopathy, coronary disease, mitral regurgitation, and proteinuria diagnosed at age 74 years by percutaneous and intraoperative myocardial biopsies. A 74-year-old white woman was referred for evaluation of mitral regurgitation and congestive heart failure. Four years earlier she had an acute myocardial infarction treated with right coronary angioplasty. A pacemaker was placed 1 year earlier for symptomatic bradycardia. Over the preceding 9 months the patient had been admitted to the hospital nine times for congestive heart failure. Seven months earlier cardiac catheterization demonstrated moderate mitral regurgitation with normal left ventricular function and insignificant coronary artery disease. After a transesoph-