cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role for androgens in determination of ovarian fate in the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina.

Abstract Sex steroids are involved in sex determination in almost all vertebrates, including species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). It is well established that aromatase and estrogens are involved in ovary determination in TSD species. In contrast, the role of non-aromatizable androgens in TSD is less clear. In this study, we used dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and an antagonist of the mammalian androgen receptor (flutamide) to examine the impact of androgens on sex determination in the snapping turtle. We incubated eggs at a male-producing temperature and treated embryos with drug delivery vehicle (5 L ethanol), DHT in vehicle, or flutamide in vehicle during the sex-determining period. We then measured expression of markers for ovarian and testicular development and genes involved in steroidogenesis. A subset of embryos and hatchlings were collected for histological analysis of gonad differentiation and sex determination. DHT and flutamide both induced ovarian development: 100% of vehicle-treated hatchlings had testes, while 60% of DHT-treated and 32% flutamide-treated hatchlings had ovaries. DHT and flutamide treatments also had feminizing effects on gene expression patterns and the structure of embryonic gonads. DHT treatment increased expression of FoxL2, androgen receptor, aromatase and several steroidogenic genes. Flutamide produced a similar, but weaker, pattern of gene expression. Genes involved in testis development (Sox9 and Amh) were influenced by flutamide treatment. Our findings support the hypothesis that androgens and the androgen receptor are involved in ovary determination in the common snapping turtle.
Seasonal fluctuations in weight and self-weighing behavior among adults in a behavioral weight loss intervention

The current study aimed to observe potential seasonal fluctuations in weight and self-weighing behavior among a diverse sample of adults engaged in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Active duty personnel (N = 248) were randomized to either a counselor-initiated or self-paced 12-month behavioral weight loss intervention promoting daily self-weighing. Body weight and self-weighing frequency were collected from electronic scales (e-scales) provided at baseline. Overall, participants lost weight from winter to spring (p = 0.02) and gained weight from fall to winter (p < 0.001). No demographic differences in weight changes were observed. Participants self-weighed less frequently during summer compared to spring (p < 0.0001), less in fall compared to summer (p < 0.0001), and less in winter compared to fall (p < 0.0001). In multivariate models, weight change and self-weighing frequency during the previous season, as well as days since randomization and intervention intensity were associated with seasonal weight changes. This study is the first to observe seasonal fluctuations of weight and self-weighing behavior among adults actively engaged in a weight loss intervention, consistent with research in the general population. Findings highlight the importance of acknowledging seasonal influence within weight loss programs and trials. Level I, randomized controlled trial.
The early bird

Archaeopteryx's travels shaped its evolution in an intriguing way, discovers Michael Marshall
Everything Is Awesome When You’re Part of a List: The Flattening of Distinction in Post-Ironic LEGO Media

In LEGO media, irony is all-pervasive. Irony, or the fluctuation of meaning between oppositional points, typically generates a rich multiplicity of meanings—but this is not the case in recent LEGO movies and videogames. For example, while LEGO films demonstrate an acute, Buzzfeed-like awareness of popular culture as they jump ironically from one reference to another, their ubiquitous use of irony leads to the flattening of meaning, rather than its multiplicity. By way of a close, formal engagement with LEGO films and videogames, in this chapter, author Ari Mattes examines how LEGO’s privileging of the list as an aesthetic form ultimately serves to negate irony’s potential as bearer of critical meaning.
An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study of Oxide Films in Liquid Metal

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for the non-destructive, dynamic measurement of electrochemical corrosion behavior in condensed environments, and is a demonstrated, in situ method for monitoring oxide films formed on metal surfaces in liquid metals. To characterize this capability, the impedance properties of three kinds of oxide films (anodic titanium oxide films, deposited Fe2O3 films, and thermally oxidized Fe samples) in liquid metals were examined using the EIS technique. The results show that the impedance response is related to the oxide film thickness and quality. The impedance of thin oxide films ( 200 nm) shows that the oxide film without cracks is stable in LBE and protects the substrate from corrosion. EIS is a promising method for accessing the electrochemical behavior of oxide films on metals and alloys in liquid metals.
Turning Points in Adolescent Psychoanalysis and the Centrality of Transference Interpretation: A Discussion of Dr. Lament’s Case of Grace

In the discussion of Dr. Lament’s evocative and moving presentation of 15 year old Grace’s treatment, I focus on the technical necessity of transference interpretation in adolescent analysis. I bel...
Base Heating Environment During Ground Testing of a Lunar Lander Demonstrator

A three-dimensional, unstructured-grid, pressure-based, reacting flow, computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer methodology was employed to study the base-heating environment of a lunar lande...
Face Validity of Remembering and Knowing: Empirical Consensus and Disagreement Between Participants and Researchers:

Ever since Endel Tulving first distinguished between episodic and semantic memory, the remember/know paradigm has become a standard means of probing the phenomenology of participants' memorial experiences by memory researchers, neuropsychologists, neuroscientists, and others. However, this paradigm has not been without its problems and has been used to capture many different phenomenological experiences, including retrieval from episodic versus semantic memory, recollection versus familiarity, strength of memory traces, and so on. We first conducted a systematic review of its uses across the literature and then examined how memory experts, other cognitive psychology experts, experts in other areas of psychology, and lay participants (Amazon Mechanical Turk workers) define what it means when one says "I remember" and "I know." From coding their open-ended responses using a number of theory-bound dimensions, it seems that lay participants do not see eye to eye with memory experts in terms of associating "I remember" responses with recollection and "I know" responses with familiarity. However, there is general consensus with Tulving's original distinction, linking remembering with memory for events and knowing with semantic memory. Recommendations and implications across fields are discussed.
Kanji Workbook: A Writing-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Learning Proper Japanese Kanji Writing Technique with Instructor-Emulated Assessment

Kanji script writing is a skill that is often introduced to novice Japanese foreign language students for achieving Japanese writing mastery, but often poses difficulties to students with primarily English fluency due to their its vast differences with written English. Instructors often introduce various pedagogical methods—such as visual structure and written techniques—to assist students in kanji study, but may lack availability providing direct feedback on students' writing outside of class. Current educational applications are also limited due to lacking richer instructor-emulated feedback. We introduce Kanji Workbook, a writing-based intelligent tutoring system for students to receive intelligent assessment that emulates human instructor feedback. Our interface not only leverages students' computing devices for allowing them to learn, practice, and review the writing of prompted characters from their course's kanji script lessons, but also provides a diverse set of writing assessment metrics—derived from instructor interviews and classroom observation insights—through intelligent scoring and visual animations. We deployed our interface onto novice- and intermediate-level university courses over an entire academic year, and observed that interface users on average achieved higher course grades than their peers and also reacted positively to our interface's various features.
Approximate Recovery Of Ising Models with Side Information

This paper considers the problem of recovering the edge structures of two partially identical graphs in the class of Ising models. It is assumed that both graphs have the same number of nodes and a known subset of nodes have identical structures in both graphs. Therefore, inferring the structure of one graph can provide the side information that could be leveraged for inference related to the other graph. The objective is to recover the connectivity of both graphs under an approximate recovery criterion. The degree- and edge-bounded subclass of Ising models is considered and necessary conditions (information-theoretic) and sufficient conditions for the sample complexity to achieve a bounded probability of error are established. Furthermore, the scaling behavior of the sample complexity is analyzed in different regimes and specific regimes are identified for which the necessary and sufficient conditions coincide, thus, establishing the optimal sample complexity.
Impact of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Respiratory Pseudomonas on VAP and VAE During Long-Term Acute Care

Background: Clinically diagnosed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in the long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH) setting and may contribute to adverse ventilator-associated events (VAEs). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common causative organism of VAP. We evaluated the impact of respiratory P. aeruginosa colonization and bacterial community dominance, both diagnosed and undiagnosed, on subsequent P. aeruginosa VAP and VAE events during long-term acute care. Methods: We enrolled 83 patients on LTACH admission for ventilator weaning, performed longitudinal sampling of endotracheal aspirates followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina HiSeq), and bacterial community profiling (QIIME2). Statistical analysis was performed with R and Stan; mixed-effects models were fit to relate the abundance of respiratory Psa on admission to clinically diagnosed VAP and VAE events. Results: Of the 83 patients included, 12 were diagnosed with P. aeruginosa pneumonia during the 14 days prior to LTACH admission (known P. aeruginosa), and 22 additional patients received anti–P. aeruginosa antibiotics within 48 hours of admission (suspected P. aeruginosa); 49 patients had no known or suspected P. aeruginosa (unknown P. aeruginosa). Among the known P. aeruginosa group, all 12 patients had P. aeruginosa detectable by 16S sequencing, with elevated admission P. aeruginosa proportional abundance (median, 0.97; IQR, 0.33–1). Among the suspected P. aeruginosa group, all 22 patients had P. aeruginosa detectable by 16S sequencing, with a wide range of admission P. aeruginosa proportional abundance (median, 0.0088; IQR, 0.00012–0.31). Of the 49 patients in the unknown group, 47 also had detectable respiratory Psa, and many had high P. aeruginosa proportional abundance at admission (median, 0.014; IQR, 0.00025–0.52). Incident P. aeruginosa VAP was observed within 30 days in 4 of the known P. aeruginosa patients (33.3%), 5 of the suspected P. aeruginosa patients (22.7%), and 8 of the unknown P. aeruginosa patients (16.3%). VAE was observed within 30 days in 1 of the known P. aeruginosa patients (8.3%), 2 of the suspected P. aeruginosa patients (9.1%), and 1 of the unknown P. aeruginosa patients (2%). Admission P. aeruginosa abundance was positively associated with VAP and VAE risk in all groups, but the association only achieved statistical significance in the unknown group (type S error <0.002 for 30-day VAP and <0.011 for 30-day VAE). Conclusions: We identified a high prevalence of unrecognized respiratory P. aeruginosa colonization among patients admitted to LTACH for weaning from mechanical ventilation. The admission P. aeruginosa proportional abundance was strongly associated with increased risk of incident P. aeruginosa VAP among these patients. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Every School Healthy: Creating Local Impact Through National Efforts.

Background Whole school, whole community, whole child (WSCC) approaches to education address contexts beyond school that influence young people's academic and life outcomes. These recommended approaches demand mobilization of an array of actors, but such mobilization is challenging. Little research has explored strategies for convening national experts to support local communities. Methods This paper presents a case narrative of Every School Healthy (ESH), a grant-funded effort to support organizations/school districts in 6 communities building WSCC initiatives by engaging national youth development organizations as expert advisors to ESH and communities. A thematic analysis of the narrative yielded 3 key learnings. Results Three themes emerged as key learnings regarding implementation of national-local initiatives: (1) baseline assessment of local communities should be conducted to identify opportunities for maximizing strengths; (2) national organizations must be flexible with the expertise they bring to the initiative; (3) national organizations should prioritize community-cultivated solutions and meet communities where they are. Conclusions The 3 themes presented in this case narrative offer insights for effectively mobilizing national organizations to support healthy, equitable school environments at the local level.
How to Be a Good Professor--Or Professional

This book is an expanded version of "How to be a Good Professor", which was originally written for those who are or want to be professors. This revision is intended for a more general (and especially professional) audience, because almost everyone faces the professor’s challenges: how to use our expertise and insight to provide innovative and justifiable answers to worthwhile questions; how to convey what we know clearly, honestly and persuasively; how to evaluate what others claim to know with a skeptical eye; how to offer and receive criticism diplomatically and constructively; and how to use all of these skills to improve our own organizations and society at large. I hope this book will bring out the good professor in all of us.
Oral Antibiotics and Risk of New Colorectal Adenomas During Surveillance Follow-up.

Background: Antibiotics may increase colorectal neoplasia risk by modifying the gut microbiome. It is unknown whether use is associated with the risk of new colorectal adenomas among individuals with prior adenomas. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of four randomized clinical trials for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas. Participants self-reported all currently used prescription drugs shortly after an initial colorectal adenoma diagnosis and two or three times a year thereafter over 3 to 5 years of follow-up. We estimated adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident adenomas, analyzing the four trials together. Results: Cumulatively, the four trials enrolled 5,174 participants (3,491 men and 1,683 women), of whom 4,769 (92%) completed ≥1 follow-up colonoscopy. A total of 763 (15%) participants reported using oral antibiotics on ≥2 occasions. Overall, 39% of those using oral antibiotics at least twice developed new colorectal adenomas compared with 40% of those with no use or a single report of use (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90–1.10). No statistically significant associations were found in study-specific analyses, and results were similar for high- and low-risk adenoma findings, antibiotic class, anatomic location of adenomas, and analyses excluding those with interim colorectal exams. Conclusions: Oral antibiotic use during colonoscopic surveillance after an initial adenoma diagnosis was not associated with risk of these polyps. Impact: Any changes to the gut microbiome as a consequence of oral antibiotic use during surveillance may not affect the development of metachronous colorectal adenomas.
Effects of a Coaching Intervention on Paraeducator Use of Aided Language Modeling in Classroom Settings: A Pilot Investigation:

Paraeducators are the most frequent communication partners during the school day for students who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), yet they often lack training in AAC best prac...
An Efficient Stochastic Update Propagation Method in Data Warehousing

This paper develops an approach to update propagation for data warehousing environments where data storage (and retrieval) is required as a sum of data at individual source nodes in an organization’s distributed information system network. Our procedure is expected to result in less network traffic (as compared with the real-time method) due to update propagation required because of changes in source data, in particular due to Big Data. The method allows system users to place limits on the discrepancy between the source data and the data in the data warehouse which could result due to a time lag between source data changes and the update operation. Finally, the pre-specified limits on the discrepancy are maintained while accounting for two crucial factors in distributed systems: the fact that some nodes are situated on more congested network links and that some of the links on the network are less reliable than others.
(Dis)solving the Chronological Paradox in Customary International Law: A Hartian Approach

As traditionally conceived, the creation of a new rule of customary international law requires that states believe the law to already require the conduct specified in the rule. Distinguishing the process whereby a customary rule comes to exist from the process whereby that customary rule becomes law dissolves this chronological paradox. Creation of a customary rule requires only that states come to believe that there exists a normative standard to which they ought to adhere, not that this standard is law. What makes the customary rule law is adherence by officials in the international legal system to a rule of recognition that treats custom as a source of valid law. Confusion over this distinction arises because in the international legal system the same agents whose beliefs give rise to a customary rule are the legal officials whose adherence to the rule of recognition leads them to deem that rule legally valid. The proposed solution to the chronological paradox employs H.L.A. Hart’s analysis of the concepts of law and a legal system, and in particular, the idea of a rule of recognition. Yet Hart famously denies the existence of a rule of recognition for international law. Hart’s denial rests on a failure to distinguish between the ontological and authoritative resolution functions of a rule of recognition, however. Once such a distinction is drawn, it can be argued that customary international law rests on a rule of recognition that serves the ontological function of making customary norms legal, though not the authoritative resolution function of settling disputes over the alleged legality of particular norms.
Magnetic Photonic Crystals as Artificial Magnetoelectrics

Magnetic photonic crystals are spatially periodic dielectric composites with at least one of the constitutive components being a magnetically polarized material. We show that the electrodynamic properties of magnetic photonic crystals with proper configuration correspond to those of hypothetical media with huge linear magnetoelectric effect. In particular, such composites can display strong asymmetry ω(k) ≠ ω(-k) of the electromagnetic dispersion relation, which can result in a number of interesting phenomena, including the electromagnetic unidirectionality. A unidirectional medium, being perfectly transmissive for electromagnetic wave of certain frequency, freezes the radiation of the same frequency propagating in the opposite direction in the form of a coherent standing wave with zero group velocity. At microwave frequencies, unidirectional photonic crystals can be made of common ferro- or ferrimagnetic materials alternated with anisotropic dielectric layers.
Parkin ubiquitinates the α-synuclein–interacting protein, synphilin-1: implications for Lewy-body formation in Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of intracytoplasmic-ubiquitinated inclusions (Lewy bodies). Mutations in alpha-synuclein (A53T, A30P) and parkin cause familial Parkinson disease. Both these proteins are found in Lewy bodies. The absence of Lewy bodies in patients with parkin mutations suggests that parkin might be required for the formation of Lewy bodies. Here we show that parkin interacts with and ubiquitinates the alpha-synuclein-interacting protein, synphilin-1. Co-expression of alpha-synuclein, synphilin-1 and parkin result in the formation of Lewy-body-like ubiquitin-positive cytosolic inclusions. We further show that familial-linked mutations in parkin disrupt the ubiquitination of synphilin-1 and the formation of the ubiquitin-positive inclusions. These results provide a molecular basis for the ubiquitination of Lewy-body-associated proteins and link parkin and alpha-synuclein in a common pathogenic mechanism through their interaction with synphilin-1.
Norepinephrine involvement in penile detumescence.

Abstract Adrenergic neurotransmission was studied in dogs. Blood samples for catecholamine assay were collected from the flaccid penis, the erect penis after cavernous nerve stimulation and during detumescence induced by sympathetic trunk stimulation. Epinephrine concentration was not significantly different in these three stages. However, norepinephrine concentration increased significantly (p Intracavernous application of norepinephrine abolished cavernous nerve induced erection in a dose dependent manner. Sympathetic trunk stimulation reduced or abolished erection induced by acetylcholine or by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. We conclude that norepinephrine is an important neurotransmitter in the control of penile detumescence. (J. Urol., 143:1264-1266, 1990)
The forced‐response test does not discriminate ears with different otitis media expressions

Objectives/Hypothesis Test the hypothesis that the eustachian tube (ET) function measured using standard manometric test methods is different between groups of ears with tympanostomy tubes inserted for recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) and for chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). Study Design A cross-sectional study of ET function in populations of young children with different otitis media expressions. Methods The results for forced-response testing of ET function were compared using a general linear model between 37 ears of 26 children and 34 ears of 26 children, aged 3 and 4 years, with ventilation tubes inserted for COME and RAOM, respectively. Results There were no significant between-group differences in either the active measure of ET opening function, dilatory efficiency, or in the passive measures reflecting the magnitude of the forces that tend to hold the ET lumen closed, the opening and closing pressures, and passive trans-ET conductance. Conclusions The results do not support the hypothesis that ET closing forces are less in ears with RAOM when compared to ears with COME, and from the results of earlier studies, ears without disease. Both groups were characterized by a low ET opening efficiency (referenced to ears of adults with no disease history). Because both disease expressions present the same pattern of ET dysfunction, other factors are required to explain why a subset of ears with that type of dysfunction develop RAOM, as opposed to the default expression of COME. Level of Evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 124:2619–2623, 2014
Influence of the Isotype of the Light Chain on the Properties of IgG

It is widely appreciated that the isotype of the H chain of the Ab molecule influences its functional properties. We have now investigated the contribution of the isotype of the L chain to the structural and functional properties of the Ab molecule. In these studies, the L chain variable region of a murine anti-dansyl Ab was joined to either human kappa or lambda constant region domains and expressed with mouse-human chimeric H chains of the four human IgG isotypes. The resulting Abs were secreted as fully assembled molecules although, as has been previously observed, IgG4 with either kappa or lambda L chains was also secreted as HL half-molecules. However, the isotype of the L chain can influence the kinetics of intracellular assembly with IgG1lambda, IgG2lambda, and IgG4lambda assembling more slowly than their kappa counterparts. The isotype of the L chain also influenced the susceptibility of the interchain disulfide bonds to attack by reducing agents with variable effects, depending on the isotype of the H chains. For IgG2, but not for IgG1, -3, and -4, the isotype of the L chain influenced the rate of clearance in mice, with IgG2lambda having a shorter in vivo half-life than IgG2kappa. Only slight differences were also observed between lambda and kappa molecules in their kinetics of binding to and dissociation from the hapten dansyl. These studies demonstrate that the isotype of the L chain has only a slight impact on the structural and functional properties of variable region identical Abs.
Evolution: A Turn Up for the Worms

Extensive sequencing of transcriptomes reveals the evolutionary relationships among the major flatworm lineages, suggesting new roots and conflicting routes to parasitism.
Monte Carlo simulations of the nickel Kα fluorescent emission line in a toroidal geometry

We present new results from Monte Carlo calculations of the flux and equivalent width (EW) of the Ni Kα fluorescent emission line in the toroidal X-ray reprocessor model of Murphy & Yaqoob. In the Compton-thin regime, the EW of the Ni Kα line is a factor of ∼22 less than that of the Fe Kα line but this factor can be as low as ∼6 in the Compton-thick regime. We show that the optically thin limit for this ratio depends only on the Fe to Ni abundance ratio, it being independent of the geometry and covering factor of the reprocessor, and also independent of the shape of the incident X-ray continuum. We give some useful analytic expressions for the absolute flux and the EW of the Ni Kα line in the optically thin limit. When the reprocessor is Compton thick and the incident continuum is a power law with a photon index of 1.9, the Ni Kα EW has a maximum value of ∼3 and ∼250 eV for non-intercepting and intercepting lines of sight, respectively. Larger EWs are obtained for flatter continua. We have also studied the Compton shoulder of the Ni Kα line and find that the ratio of scattered to unscattered flux in the line has a maximum value of 0.26, less than the corresponding maximum for the Fe Kα line. However, we find that the shape of the Compton shoulder profile for a given column density and inclination angle of the torus is similar to the corresponding profile for the Fe Kα line. Our results will be useful for interpreting X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and X-ray binary systems in which the system parameters are favourable for the Ni Kα line to be detected.
α-Galactosidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae

Abstract α-Galactosidase, free from neuraminidase, β-glucosaminidase, and β-galactosidase, was isolated from the culture broths of Diplococcus pneumoniae . The enzyme was found to be stable in 0.1 M NaCl solution, but unstable at lower ionic strength and sensitive to p -chloromercuribenzoate, cupric sulfate, and mercuric chloride. The optimal pH of this enzyme preparation was found to be between 5.6 and 6.0. The α-galactosidase readily liberated galactose from melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. It also attacked o -nitrophenyl-α- d -galactopyranoside; however, β- l -arabinopyranoside and lactose were not hydrolyzed by this enzyme. The pneumococcal α-galactosidase preparation also possessed transglycosylase activity. When melibiose was incubated with this enzyme, 4 new sugar spots were detected on paper chromatogram. One of these spots contained galactose and glucose in a ratio of 1:2 and had the same mobility as manninotriose on paper chromatogram. Upon incubation of raffinose with α-galactosidase, a sugar with the mobility of stachyose was detected in the digests. Incubation of stachyose with this enzyme also resulted in the appearance of a spot with mobility slower than stachyose.
Functionality Changes in Oxidatively/Antioxidatively Washed Beef‐Heart Surimi During Frozen Storage

Beef-heart surimi prepared using 4 washing solutions (sodium phosphate buffer alone, buffer+NaCl, buffer+propyl gallate, and buffer+sodium tripolyphosphate) and mixed with cryoprotectants was stored at -29 °C and analyzed periodically up to 12 mo. All samples showed increases in gelling capacity during storage, corre- sponding to oxidative changes in proteins (carbonyls, hydrophobicity). Emulsifying activity of surimi, however, did not change during storage. No major differences were found between washing conditions, but propyl gallate- washed surimi tended to have the least oxidation and least increase in gel elasticity. Overall, frozen storage not only
A Model of Asian and Pacific Islander Sexual Minority Acculturation

In the United States, the interplay of racism, sexism, and acculturation creates psychological and social stressors that may affect the development of positive ethnic/sexual identities among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) adolescents. This article proposes a new model of identity formation theory for API gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) youth in order to increase understanding of the diversity of the “new gay teenager.” Our model presents a spectrum of identities to which API sexual-minority youth belong. Sixteen possibilities (4 × 4) were generated from the four stages of a sexual-development model (Initiation, Primacy, Conflict, and Identity synthesis) and the four strategies of J. W. Berry's (1980) acculturation model (Assimilation, Integration, Separation, and Marginalization). Our model also reflects how minority stress impacts API sexual minorities and sets them apart from Western GLBT communities. The Eurocentric model of “coming out” and the sexual-identity process ascribed to here...
Somatotopographic organization in the second somatosensory area of M. fascicularis.

The second somatosensory area (SII) of awake, untrained cynomolgus monkeys was surveyed with recordings from nearly 1,000 single neurons. A detailed somatotopographic organization could be demonstrated in SII because the majority of these neurons had contralateral, moderate to well-defined receptive fields of < 10 cm2, and because neighboring neurons possessed receptive fields that were only slightly displaced from one another. Different body regions were represented in successive anterior to posterior strips that were oriented across the parietal operculum with an anterolateral to posteromedial slant. Neurons with trigeminal receptive fields were found in the anterior portion of SII; these neurons were the only ones in SII with predominantly bilateral receptive fields (r.f.'s.). Neurons with digit or hand r.f'.s form the largest component of the map, and were located posterior to those with face r.f.s. Most of these neurons had only contralateral activation. The hand and digit region was followed in turn by the arm, the upper and lower trunk, and the hindlimb regions. Although the overall SII orientation was along an anterior-posterior gradient, recordings at individual coronal planes often demonstrated isolated sequences of receptive fields that exhibited a medial-lateral progression. The principle example of this latter gradient was seen in the forelimb region where digits one through five were represented in an overlapping sequence across the parietal operculum. Except for portions of the digit representation, neighboring sequences of neurons in SII do not form a precise topologic map of the body that is comparable to the somatotopic maps observed in areas 3b and 1. The present findings contrast with previous physiological studies of SII in the primate. These discrepancies are discussed in relation to methodological differences and in terms of distinctions used to define the boundaries of SII.
Strabismus surgery and post‐operative vomiting: clinical observations and review of the current literature; a medical opinion

Summary This study documents the age-related incidence of vomiting in paediatric patients following strabismus surgery under a postoperative policy of delayed oral alimentation (3-6 h), minimized motion and the avoidance of anti-emetic medications. The incidence of vomiting prior to discharge was 4%. The average time from completion of surgery to discharge home was 84 min. The overall incidence of vomiting in the 24 h following surgery was 43%; almost half of this incidence occurred during the car ride home. Children 3 years of age or older were twice as likely to vomit than those younger than 3 years of age. A literature review finds that no drug has been shown by independent investigators to decrease consistently the incidence of vomiting following strabismus surgery. For most drugs, anti-emetic efficacy parallels the degree of sedation and prolongs recovery; once the sedative effects have abated, the incidence of vomiting approaches that in untreated patients. Our protocol allows for early discharge with the same expected incidence of post-discharge vomiting as reported for children receiving pharmacologic anti-emetic prophylaxis.
Histone H3 phosphorylation by IKK-α is critical for cytokine-induced gene expression

Cytokine-induced activation of the IκB kinases (IKK) IKK-α and IKK-β is a key step involved in the activation of the NF-κB pathway1,2,3,4. Gene-disruption studies of the murine IKK genes have shown that IKK-β, but not IKK-α, is critical for cytokine-induced IκB degradation5,6,7. Nevertheless, mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in IKK-α are defective in the induction of NF-κB-dependent transcription7,8,9. These observations raised the question of whether IKK-α might regulate a previously undescribed step to activate the NF-κB pathway that is independent of its previously described cytoplasmic role in the phosphorylation of IκBα. Here we show that IKK-α functions in the nucleus to activate the expression of NF-κB-responsive genes after stimulation with cytokines. IKK-α interacts with CREB-binding protein and in conjunction with Rel A is recruited to NF-κB-responsive promoters and mediates the cytokine-induced phosphorylation and subsequent acetylation of specific residues in histone H3. These results define a new nuclear role of IKK-α in modifying histone function that is critical for the activation of NF-κB-directed gene expression.
Earthquake-like behaviour of soft γ-ray repeaters

NEUTRON stars are believed to have solid crusts, which may exhibit tectonic activity analogous to earthquakes on Earth. These 'starquakes' have been invoked to explain several phenomena associated with neutron stars, such as the flashes of low-energy γ-rays from soft γ-ray repeaters1,2 (SGRs), and abrupt changes ('glitches') observed in the spin periods of some pulsars3,4. Here we show that SGR events and earthquakes share four distinctive statistical properties: power-law energy distributions, log-symmetric waiting time distributions, strong positive correlations between waiting times of successive events, and weak or no correlations between intensities and waiting times. These statistical similarities, together with the fact that the crustal energy liberated by starquakes is sufficient in principle to fuel the soft γ-ray flashes, suggest that SGRs are indeed powered by star-quakes.
The Yale-Haven Primary Prevention Project: A Follow-up Study

Because early school problems frequently endure, intensify and predict later, more severe mental health problems and because those from racial and ethnic minority groups show a low rate of benefit from psychotherapy, a program of early intervention and prevention was developed. The program provided a representative governance group, a parent participation program and group, a mental health program and team, and an academic program. Children involved in the program were found to have increased academic and social gains when compared with subjects outside of the program.
An investigation of activities and paraoxon sensitivities of hepatic aliesterases in β-naphthoflavone-treated rats

Abstract Aliesterases (carboxylesterases, EC 3.1.1.1) are serine esterases which may protect acetylcholinesterase during organophosphorus insecticide intoxication by providing alternative phosphorylation sites. Levels of hepatic aliesterase activity were investigated after the intraperitoneal administration of β-naphthoflavone (BNF) to female rats using nine 4-nitrophenyl esters as substrates (including straight and branched chain aliphatic and aromatic esters) and 1-naphthyl acetate. In addition, the in vitro sensitivities of aliesterases to inhibition by paraoxon, the active metabolite of the common insecticide parathion, were studied. Hepatic aliesterases from BNF-treated rats displayed lower activities than those from the controls with all substrates except 4-nitrophenyl phenylbutyrate and isovalerate. The aliesterases from BNF-treated rats were more sensitive to paraoxon inhibition with 4-nitrophenyl phenylbutyrate, valerate, and butyrate. Esterases hydrolyzing 4-nitrophenyl butyrate, valerate, and branched chain esters were most sensitive to paraoxon inhibition while those hydrolyzing 4-nitrophenyl hexanoate and aromatic esters were least sensitive. The results suggested that BNF-induced changes in hepatic aliesterases could alter responses to organophosphates.
A High-Order Unifying Discontinuous Formulation for the Navier-Stokes Equations on 3D Mixed Grids

The newly developed unifying discontinuous formulation named the correction pro- cedure via reconstruction (CPR) for conservation laws is extended to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for 3D mixed grids. In the current development, tetrahedrons and triangular prisms are considered. The CPR method can unify several popular high order methods including the dis- continuous Galerkin and the spectral volume methods into a more efficient differential form. By selecting the solution points to coincide with the flux points, solution reconstruction can be com- pletely avoided. Accuracy studies confirmed that the optimal order of accuracy can be achieved with the method. Several benchmark test cases are computed by solving the Euler and compress- ible Navier-Stokes equations to demonstrate its performance.
Intrauterine growth restriction transiently delays alveolar formation and disrupts retinoic acid receptor expression in the lung of female rat pups

Intrauterine growth restriction transiently delays alveolar formation and disrupts retinoic acid receptor expression in the lung of female rat pups
Preservation of Well Samples and Cores: ABSTRACT

The Association Committee on Preservation of Samples and Cores found that there is need for improvement in this matter. Valuable samples and cores are being discarded. Preservation of samples presents no really difficult problem. Closer cooperation between industry and the repositories will result in a marked improvement. Because of their weight and bulk, cores present a difficult problem not yet solved. The situation can be improved by closer cooperation, but a completely satisfactory solution probably is not possible at the present time. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2624------------
Resolution of epithelial ingrowth in a patient treated with 5-fluorouracil.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the effect of 5-fluorouracil on the outcome of a single case of epithelial ingrowth secondary to a wound leak after a complicated penetrating keratoplasty. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A 44-year-old man with extensive epithelial ingrowth after trauma and a penetrating keratoplasty received a fluid-gas exchange followed by two injections of 500 μg of 5-fluorouracil into the anterior chamber. RESULTS: Two weeks after receiving the 5-fluorouracil injections, complete disappearance of the epithelial ingrowth from the anterior chamber occurred. No evidence of recurrence was detectable at 5 months. CONCLUSION: Use of 5-fluorouracil is a potentially effective treatment of epithelial ingrowth, particularly in eyes with extensive involvement, in which the risks of traditional ablative therapeutic modalities are considerable.
Evaluation of enantiomeric purity of selected amino acids in honey.

Highly sensitive and accurate HPLC methods were used for the determination of total amounts of proline, leucine and phenylalanine and their enantiomeric ratios in a variety of different honey samples. Significant amounts of D-leucine and D-phenylalanine and relatively low concentrations of D-proline have been found in honeys of different botanical and geographical origins. It is suggested that the enantiomeric ratios of amino acids could be used to test for storage effects, age, and the quality of the processing of the honey. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electron-dislocation interaction in superconductors

Abstract During plastic deformation, the transition from the normal to the superconducting state and vice versa changes the flow stress in both type-I and type-II superconductors by several percent. We have made a detailed examination of this change in flow stress by measuring its dependence on work hardening, strain rate and temperature in specimens of lead and indium. An [1 − ( T T c ) 2 ] temperature dependence but no strain rate dependence was found. Furthermore, the shape of the stress-strain curve at the transition indicates that plastic flow actually stops when the material enters the normal state. These experimental results suggest that the dislocations are bound more securely to their pinning points in the normal state than in the superconducting state.
P‐27: RF‐Sputtered Oxide TFTs and Circuits on Engineered Aluminum Substrates

High performance thin film transistor (TFT) arrays and circuits on engineered aluminum substrates are reported. Aluminum substrates were engineered to have a smooth insulating surface suitable for device fabrication upon them. Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors with an average field effect mobility of about 10 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage of 5 V, gate leakage current of 10−13 and on/off current ratio of 108 are demonstrated. Metal oxide transistors and circuits built on aluminum substrates open a route for future applications in large area flexible electronics.
Using honeynets to protect large enterprise networks

Network administrators use several methods to protect their network. Installing a honeynet within large enterprise networks provides an additional security tool. Honeynets complement the use of firewalls and IDS and help overcome some of the shortcomings inherent in those systems. In addition, honeynets can also serve as platforms for conducting computer security research and education.
Music absorption and hypnotizability

Abstract The present study investigated differences between high (N = 15), medium (N = 20), and low (N = 16) hypnotizable Ss' involvement in imaginative versus nonimaginative music. Ss were first screened for hypnotizability with the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & E. Orne, 1962). In a second session presented as a study of music appreciation, Ss listened to classical music of high and low rated music imaginativeness. Ss' involvement was indexed by absorption, imagery elaboration reported in open-ended essays, and reaction time to a pure tone. High hypnotizable Ss reported more absorption than low hypnotizable Ss, regardless of the imaginativeness level of the music. Ss reported more imagery elaboration in the imaginative than in the low imaginative passages. High hypnotizable Ss tended to differ in their imagery elaboration in response to the imaginative passages but not in response to the nonimaginative passages. Reaction time results were nonsignificant. No sex difference...
Kinetics of the heterogeneous catalytic decomposition of methane

Experiments have clearly demonstrated that dissociation of CH4 on (supported) metal catalyst (e.g. Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd) occurs to give hydrogen, a small amount of ethane and surface carbonaceous species. For this catalytic decomposition of methane and its conversion into higher hydrocarbons (especially to ethane and surface carbon) model has been developed to investigate the kinetics. Rate constants of the elementary steps have been estimated. The problem with experimental data (especially for the surface species CHm-s) is also treated for the sake of future improvement in the kinetics studies. A comparison with catalytic hydrogenolysis of ethane kinetics is also outlined. Les experiences demontrent clairement que la dissociation du CH4 sur un catalyseur de metal (supporte) (p. ex. Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd) fournit de l'hydrogene, une petite quantite d'ethane et des especes carbonees de surface. Un modele a ete mis au point pour etudier la cinetique de cette decomposition catalytique du methane et sa conversion en hydrocarbures superieurs (en particulier, ethane et carbone de surface). On a estime les constantes de vitesses pour les etapes elementaires. Le probleme lie aux donnees experimentales (en particulier pour les especes de surface CHm-s) est egalement aborde dans l'espoir d'ameliorer les etudes cinetiques futures. Une comparaison avec la cinetique de l'hydrogenolyse catalytique de l'ethane est egalement mentionnee
Use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the measurement of protein orientation on surfaces

Abstract The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for determination of the orientation of proteins on surfaces is demonstrated. A myoglobin derivative in which a pentaamineruthenium(III) group is attached to a histidine residue is used for this purpose, with the ruthenium and the heme iron atoms acting as a double marker. The relative intensities of the X-ray photoelectron spectra for these two markers are shown to be a sensitive measure of orientation in the protein film, since the RuFe distance is comparable to the photoelectron attenuation length. On aluminum, indium-tin oxide and oriented graphite surfaces, XPS indicates that the RuFe axis of the myoglobin derivative is preferentially oriented with the ruthenium furthest from the substrate.