cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus: subtle differences but comparable severity.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered virus that causes respiratory illness in children that can lead to hospitalization. Our study was undertaken to further understand hMPV-associated illness, compare clinical characteristics of hMPV and respira­tory syncytial virus (RSV), and establish the utility of routine screening for hMPV. We retrospectively identified hMPV-associated illnesses described among children with respiratory symptoms admitted to a tertiary care center in southeast Michigan during the 2006-2007 re­spiratory viral season. A convenience sample of 256 nasopharyngeal specimens was subjected to nucleic acid extraction and amplification to identify those specimens positive for hMPV. A medical record review was undertaken to retrieve demographic and clinical data of patients with hMPV, comparing them to RSV-positive patients and patients evaluated for respiratory symptoms who were negative for hMPV and RSV. We found that hMPV was the second most commonly identified virus after RSV. hMPV-positive patients were older than RSV-positive patients. Among hMPV-positive patients, pneumonia was diagnosed in 37.5% and bronchiolitis in 31.2%, peribronchial cuffing was present on chest radiographs of 37.5%, antibiotic treatment was used in 81.2%, and admission to the ICU was seen in 37.5%. Finally, hMPV-positive patients were more likely to have fever than RSV-positive patients or patients negative for hMPV and RSV. We concluded that hMPV is a major pathogen associated with hospitalization of children and with the same severity of illness as RSV but in a slightly older population. Because of the apparent prevalence and severity of illness, routine screening should be implemented.
Quantification of velocity coupling during asymmetric lifting

The objective of this study was to quantify velocity coupling, which was operationally defined as simultaneous trunk motion in two or three planes of the body. Velocity coupling was measured as the percentage of time the velocity was above a given percentage of maximum voluntary velocity in two or three planes. Four typesvelocity coupling were quantified: sagittal/transverse (S/T), sagittal/frontal (S/F), transverse/frontal (T/F), and sagittal/transverse/frontal (S/T/F). These types of velocity coupling were quantified as a function of seven task asymmetries and two task weights. The results showed that the three types of two-way velocity coupling had different response patterns to increased taskasymmetries. The total percentage of two-way velocity coupling significantly increased as task asymmetry increased from 0 to 30 degrees. The percentage of S/T velocity coupling decreased as task weight increased. It was also found that twice as much velocity coupling occurred at lifting task asymmetries beyond 120 degrees as compared to symmetric lifts. The effects of velocity coupling on strength and spinal loading are discussed.
Photometric titration of phenols

Abstract A photometric titration method for the determination of phenols has been developed which is applicable to concentrations of phenols of 10 −3 molar or greater with an average deviation of about 1 %. Phenols with aqueous p K A values ranging from 5 to approximately 11 were titrated without difficulty. Also, differentiating titrations of phenol mixtures were successfully performed.
Coronal emission line polarization

A discussion of a program for the computation of coronal emission line polarization is presented. The starting point is a general formulation of the scattering function for magnetic dipole transitions between any two total angular momentum levels, J → J, J ± 1. Illustration of the behavior of the scattering function for different transitions is given. The integration of the scattering function over the solar disk and along the line of sight accounting for arbitrary distribution of magnetic fields as well as an inhomogeneous temperature and density structure of the corona is considered next. Sample results are presented for the numerical computation of the angle of maximum polarization and the degree of maximum polarization to be expected from idealized magnetic field configurations such as radial and dipole. A computation is included for a realistic field configuration predicted to exist at the time of the 1966 eclipse. The magnetic field input to the scattering calculation is based upon the potential field extension of photospheric magnetic fields. It is the purpose of the sample calculations to demonstrate how the measurement of emission polarization measurements can be interpreted in terms of the direction of coronal magnetic fields. Factors which lend ambiguity to such interpreations are clearly illustrated from the examples. These include the Hanle-effect depolarization and the depolarization at the Van Vleck angle.
Neutrophil marrow profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and neutropenia.

Summary. Neutrophil marrow cellularity was determined in 14 neutropenic patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from measurements of neutrophilnormoblast ratios in marrow biopsies and ferrokinetic estimates of marrow normoblasts. A marrow profile was developed for each patient comprising the numbers of promyelocytes and myelocytes, of metamyelocytes and bands, and of segmented neutrophils in whole marrow. In each case a maturation ratio was calculated by dividing the number of metamyelocytes and bands by the number of promyelocytes and myelocytes. The physiologic marrow response to loss of neutrophils from circulation was assumed to be an increase in promyelocytes and myelocytes due to proliferation and influx, a reduction in segmented cells due to early release, and a normal maturation ratio. The results were interpreted in the light of the 95% confidence limits for data previously obtained from 13 normal subjects: in patients with neutropenia reduced or basal numbers of promyelocytes and myelocytes were interpreted as absence of the anticipated proliferative response; increased numbers of marrow segmented cells were attributed to failure of release; a low maturation ratio was assessed to reflect intramedullary cell loss. The pattern in two patients with Felty's syndrome was consistent with a physiological response to neutrophil destruction. The other 12 patients had neutrophil marrow abnormalities. Seven patients with Felty's syndrome and four patients without splenomegaly had absolute or relative hypoplasia of neutrophil marrow or low maturation ratios. One patient with a normal spleen size had an increased number of marrow segmented cells yet failed to mobilize cells normally in response to dialysis coil-activation of C3. Abnormalities of neutrophil marrow may contribute to neutropenia in RA irrespective of the presence of splenomegaly. Recognition of neutrophil marrow abnormalities in these patients may be of value in prognosis and management.
Adaptive hearing in the vocal plainfin midshipman fish: getting in tune for the breeding season and implications for acoustic communication.

The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854) is a vocal species of batrachoidid fish that generates acoustic signals for intraspecific communication during social and reproductive activity and has become a good model for investigating the neural and endocrine mechanisms of vocal-acoustic communication. Reproductively active female plainfin midshipman fish use their auditory sense to detect and locate “singing” males, which produce a multiharmonic advertisement call to attract females for spawning. The seasonal onset of male advertisement calling in the midshipman fish coincides with an increase in the range of frequency sensitivity of the female's inner ear saccule, the main organ of hearing, thus leading to enhanced encoding of the dominant frequency components of male advertisement calls. Non-reproductive females treated with either testosterone or 17β-estradiol exhibit a dramatic increase in the inner ear's frequency sensitivity that mimics the reproductive female's auditory phenotype and leads to an increased detection of the male's advertisement call. This novel form of auditory plasticity provides an adaptable mechanism that enhances coupling between sender and receiver in vocal communication. This review focuses on recent evidence for seasonal reproductive-state and steroid-dependent plasticity of auditory frequency sensitivity in the peripheral auditory system of the midshipman fish. The potential steroid-dependent mechanism(s) that lead to this novel form of auditory and behavioral plasticity are also discussed.
32.2: Development of PDP Rear Panel by Etching Technology

LG Micron Ltd. has developed PDP Rear Panel by Etching Technology enabling large area 30″ to 65″ diagonal size and excellent resolution VGA to HDTV. This method is able to achieve cost benefits too. In this paper, we present etching technology, which introduces alternative method to fabricate PDP Rear Panel against conventional technologies, Combining materials, manufacturing process and 40″ PDP module evaluation.
A new instrument for measuring thixotropy

Abstract An instrument was developed to measure thixotropic set of portland cements. Cement-benzene slurries were tested in two conditions: (1) under optimum thixotropic set obtained by gentle compaction of the rheopectic slurry around the rotor of the instrument, and (2) under minimum thixotropic set obtained by selected values for: (1) total load to shear the set slurry at provide values for: (1) total load to shear the slurry at optimum thixotropic set, and (2) the load to initiate flow under condition of minimum thixotropic set. The instrument appears suitable for studying thixotropic set of various finely around solids suspended with and without surface active agents in liquids perferably nonpolar and nonreactive with the solid.
Research on Control of Information Flow in Smart Distribution Grid

Analyses the demand to information flow control technology in smart distribution grid, points out that IEC 61968 based information exchange bus has defects in information flow control, and proposes a framework that consists of flow direction control, information content control and flow runtime control. Based on principle of active and collaborative control, this paper proposes also detailed designs of flow direction arrangement, adapter identification, flow direction analysis, syntax validation, semantic validation and runtime control which consist of start-stop control, traffic control and priority control. The framework and its control functions provide a flexible, uniform and stable solution to information flow control in smart distribution grid.
Use of neural networks for condition rating of jointed concrete pavements

This paper discusses the use of backpropagation neural networks as a management tool for the maintenance of jointed concrete pavement. The backpropagation algorithm is applied to model the condition rating scheme adopted by Oregon State Department of Transportation. The backpropagation technique was successful in accurately capturing the nonlinear characteristics of the condition rating model. A large training set of actual pavement condition cases was used to train the network. The training was terminated when the average training error reached 0.022. A set of 6802 cases was used to test the generalization ability of the system. The trained network was able to accurately determine the correct condition ratings with an average testing error of 0.024. Finally, a statistical hypothesis test was conducted to demonstrate the system's fault-tolerance and generalization properties.
Copulatory behavior and reproductive capacity of the genetically obese female Zucker rat

Abstract Obese and lean female Zucker rats were tested for copulatory behavior beginning at about 3 months of age. Obese females were placed with intact males and lean females with vasectomized males. Pairs were observed for 20 minutes or until ejaculation occurred and then remained caged together overnight. Obese females solicited and lordosed, but they exhibited these behaviors in fewer sessions than lean females. The pregnancy rate for obese females was very low. Inconsistencies in copulatory behavior no doubt contributed to this, but cannot fully account for it. Obese females lordosed during 78% of the sessions and their lordosis quotient (LQ) was 100% for 69% of the sessions, yet only 12% of the sessions resulted in pregnancy. Males were less active with obese females. They took longer to mount, mounted less often, and intromitted only infrequently. Ejaculation rarely occurred; this is probably explained by the infrequency of intromission. The obesity of the females may have contributed to the low number of intromissions. Obese females which became pregnant were very young and weighed less than non-pregnant females of comparable age. Furthermore, obese females did not become pregnant again when their body weights were substantially increased. It was concluded that obese females are not uniformly sterile as previously reported, but their reproductive capacity is limited. It is suggested that inconsistencies in their copulatory behavior and their obesity interfere with the mechanics of copulation.
Recombinant Influenza Virus Carrying the Conserved Domain of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Confers Protection against RSV without inflammatory disease

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes for viral lower respiratory tract disease in humans. There is no licensed RSV vaccine. Here, we generated recombinant influenza viruses (PR8/RSV.HA-G) carrying the chimeric constructs of hemagglutinin (HA) and central conserved-domains of the RSV G protein. PR8/RSV.HA-G virus showed lower pathogenicity without compromising immunogenicity in mice. Single intranasal inoculation of mice with PR8/RSV.HA-G induced IgG2a isotype dominant antibodies and RSV neutralizing activity. Mice with single intranasal inoculation of PR8/RSV.HA-G were protected against RSV infection as evidenced by significant reduction of lung viral loads to a detection limit upon RSV challenge. PR8/RSV.HA-G inoculation of mice did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia and inflammation upon RSV infection. These findings support a concept that recombinant influenza viruses carrying the RSV G conserved-domain can be developed as a promising RSV vaccine candidate without pulmonary disease.
Meat quality in goats as influenced by dietary protein and energy levels, and postmortem aging

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine effects of different dietary treatments and postmortem aging on meat quality characteristics in goats. Twenty castrated dairy goats (BW = 30.7 ± 6.80 kg, age 10 months) were subjected to one of four dietary treatments for 82 days (treatment): (i) 2.5 Mcal/kg DM DE and 12% CP, (ii) 2.5 Mcal/kg DM DE and 18% CP, (iii) 2.9 Mcal/kg DM DE and 12% CP, or (iv) 2.9 Mcal/kg DM DE and 18% CP. At the end of the feeding trial, the animals were slaughtered to evaluate meat quality. Longissimus muscle pH and temperature were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h postmortem (time). Sarcomere length (1.65 μm), total collagen (4.17 mg/g), and heated calpastatin (44.7 units) measured at 24 h postmortem were not influenced by treatment ( P > 0.05). Warner–Bratzler shear force values, collagen solubility, and cooking losses of loin/rib chops (2.5 cm thick) aged for 1, 3, or 6 days postmortem were not influenced by treatment ( P > 0.05) or aging time ( P > 0.05). Postmortem sampling time affected muscle pH and temperature decline ( P P P P
All-night EEG sleep measurements in young adults

The EEG sleep characteristics of normal, young adults were measured for three consecutive nights. The mean percentage of Stages 1-REM, 3 and 4 showed an increase with each consecutive night. Within a night’s sleep, Stages 3 and 4 decreased markedly and Stage 1-REM increased considerably from the first to the second half of the night. The mean duration of REMPs increased from the first to third REMP and then leveled off. The mean interval between REMPs range from 90 to 110 min. with some indication that the cycle shortens late in the morning.
Characteristics of Fly Ashes from Full-Scale Coal-Fired Power Plants and Their Relationship to Mercury Adsorption

Nine fly ash samples were collected from the particulate collection devices (baghouse or electrostatic precipitator) of four full-scale pulverized coal (PC) utility boilers burning eastern bituminous coals (EB−PC ashes) and three cyclone utility boilers burning either Powder River Basin (PRB) coals or PRB blends (PRB−CYC ashes). As-received fly ash samples were mechanically sieved to obtain six size fractions. Unburned carbon (UBC) content, mercury content, and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET)−N2 surface areas of as-received fly ashes and their size fractions were measured. In addition, UBC particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, and thermogravimetry to obtain information on their surface morphology, structure, and oxidation reactivity. It was found that the UBC particles contained amorphous carbon, ribbon-shaped graphitic carbon, and highly ordered graphite structures. The mercury contents of the UBCs (Hg/UBC, in ppm) in raw ash samples were comparabl...
A Single Amino Acid Change in the Yeast Retrotransposon Ty5 Abolishes Targeting to Silent Chromatin

Abstract Many retrotransposons and retroviruses are thought to select integration sites through interactions with specific chromosomal proteins. In yeast, the Ty5 retrotransposon integrates preferentially within regions bound by silent chromatin, namely the telomeres and the HMR and HML mating loci. A Ty5 mutant (M3) was identified with an approximately 20-fold decrease in targeted integration as measured by a plasmid-based targeting assay. Of ten chromosomal insertions generated by M3, none were located at the telomeres or silent mating loci. A single amino acid change at the boundary of integrase and reverse transcriptase is responsible for the mutant phenotype. We predict that this mutation lies within a targeting domain that mediates Ty5 target choice by interacting with a component of silent chromatin.
Line-following preferences of male crab spiders, Misumena vatia

Male crab spiders locate cryptic females by methods that have proved elusive to researchers. Previous work has suggested that female draglines provide males with clues to the presence of females. Unlike other wandering spiders, however, M. vatia do not deposit mate-attracting pheromones on their draglines. Based on evidence that the size and strength of draglines vary predictably with the age and sex of the source spider, we tested the hypothesis that mechanical cues allow males to identify the age, sex and species of the dragline producer. We ran adult and penultimate male crab spiders through a series of trials to identify preferences for following different types of dragline. A spider's developmental stage influenced its response to draglines of other individuals, suggesting that these responses were influenced by the search for mates. Adult males preferred adult and juvenile female draglines and selected conspecific adult female draglines over draglines from adult females of a related species. Penultimate males did not show significant preferences in these tests. Mechanical cues may therefore moderate the responses of the adult males to foreign draglines. We consider dragline following in M. vatia as a model of how cues produced in a nonmating context may facilitate mate search, and we suggest that study of such species-specific environmental modifications may shed insight into the evolution of mate location systems.
A simple meteorological buoy with satellite telemetry

Abstract A small, inexpensive, and easily deployable meteorological buoy is described. Buoy motion is greatly reduced by appropriate ballast techniques; vector averaging further removes buoy motion effects from wind data. Data is transmitted to the GOES satellite and is retrieved by telephone. Measurements are vector-averaged wind components, wind speed, wind direction, water temperature, air temperature, and compass direction. Data from two field trials are discussed. Speed comparisons averaged 0.2 m sec−1 with a standard deviation of 0.6 m sec−1. Direction comparisons were different due to local topography, but they indicate a probable accuracy of ±5° .
An introduction to cultural differences.

Patients differ in many ways. Some of these differences are due to patient illness, personality, socioeconomic class, or education, but the most profound differences may be cultural. Many health professionals think that if they just treat each patient with respect, they will avert most cultural problems. But that is not always the case. Some knowledge of cultural customs can help avoid misunderstandings and enable practitioners to provide better care. Beginning next month, wjm will be running a new series on medicine and culture. Each issue will focus on a different ethnic group and provide essential information about cultural patterns for busy practitioners.
Multi-stakeholder Dynamic Planning of System of Systems Development and Evolution☆

Abstract This paper focuses on the master development planning problem in the context of SoS acquisition with resource constraints, uncertainty, and conflicting stakeholder interests. Because most of the master plans are developed by an authority with significant control, which might not be true in a SoS environment. Different stakeholders might have conflicting master plans that require communication, negotiation and coordination. We propose a decentralized multi-stakeholder decision making framework where local stakeholders conduct acquisition development planning for individual benefits while the SoS-level stakeholder designs a coordination mechanism to facilitate the communication between stakeholders and further achieve a harmonious outcome. Specifically, we employ approximate dynamic programming and a transfer contract coordination mechanism to address the problem. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach through a simple illustrative example.
Decreased fast-start performance of zebrafish larvae lacking mauthner neurons

1. C-type fast-start responses to a vibrational stimulus were analyzed from high-speed cinematographic films of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) larvae with radiation-induced developmental deletions of one or both Mauthner cells (M-cells). 2. In 16 animals with one M-cell missing, quantitative comparisons were made between 40 responses on the side of the remaining M-axon with 36 responses on the side of the missing M-axon. There was an almost complete loss of strong, short-latency C-starts associated with the side of the missing M-cell (Fig. 2C and D). This difference in the distribution of types of responses was highly significant (Table 2). 3. However, according to available measures, a few of the responses on the side of the missing M-axon were comparable to the strong short-latency responses seen on the side of the remaining M-axon (Fig. 3B1 versus 3B2; Fig. 4B 1 versus 4B2). A few high-performance C-starts were also seen in two of three animals with no M-cells (Figs. 3C, 4C). 4. We conclude that in irradiated larvae, presence of the M-cell greatly enhances the probability that high performance C-starts will occur, but that comparable non-Mauthner responses can sometimes happen. Whether such non-Mauthner responses can occur in normal larvae remains to be determined.
Are cognitive representations of friends' request refusals implemented in the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices? A cognitive neuroscience approach to ‘theory of mind’ in relationships:

Formulating cognitive representations of others' mental states when interpreting behavior (i.e., ‘theory of mind’) rather than merely focusing on the behavior is considered a distinctly human trait which both interpersonal scholars and cognitive neuroscientists agree plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of social relationships. Although brain-imaging studies have led to huge advances in the understanding of memory and language, theories of social relationships remain relatively uninformed by cognitive neuroscience. In the present study, hypotheses regarding the implementation of theory of mind in a relationship context are (a) derived from extant theory and research, and (b) tested via brain-imaging technology. Specifically, spectrum analyses were conducted using brain wave recordings collected by an electroencephalograph (EEG) monitoring oscillations in the gamma range for the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices while participants attempted to construct cognitive repres...
Perceived public stigma and the willingness to seek counseling: The mediating roles of self-stigma and attitudes toward counseling.

This study examined the mediating effects of the self-stigma associated with seeking counseling and attitudes toward seeking counseling on the link between perceived public stigma and willingness to seek counseling for psychological and interpersonal concerns. Structural equation modeling of data from 676 undergraduates indicated that the link between perceived public stigma and willingness to seek counseling was fully mediated by self-stigma and attitudes. Perceptions of public stigma contributed to the experience of self-stigma, which, in turn, influenced help-seeking attitudes and eventually help-seeking willingness. Furthermore, 57% of the variance in attitudes toward counseling and 34% of the variance in willingness to seek counseling for psychological and interpersonal concerns were accounted for in the proposed model.
Determining the Accuracy of Classical Force Fields for Ionic Liquids: Atomistic Simulation of the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4]) and Its Mixtures with Water

The ability of simple classical force fields to predict the structure and density of ionic liquids is now well-established. However, it is less clear how accurate such force fields are for a range of other pure and mixture properties of ionic liquids. In this work, a single classical force field is used to compute a wide range of thermodynamic and transport properties for the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4]). In addition to liquid densities, the volumetric expansivity, heat capacity, enthalpy of vaporization, rotational relaxation time, self-diffusivity, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity are computed at various temperatures for the pure ionic liquid. The density, excess molar volume, enthalpy of mixing, partial molar enthalpy, water solubility as a function of partial pressure, rotational relaxation time, self-diffusivity, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity are also computed for mixtures that contain different concentrations of water at various temperatu...
A secure incentive protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

The proper functioning of mobile ad hoc networks depends on the hypothesis that each individual node is ready to forward packets for others. This common assumption, however, might be undermined by the existence of selfish users who are reluctant to act as packet relays in order to save their own resources. Such non-cooperative behavior would cause the sharp degradation of network throughput. To address this problem, we propose a credit-based Secure Incentive Protocol (SIP) to stimulate cooperation among mobile nodes with individual interests. SIP can be implemented in a fully distributed way and does not require any pre-deployed infrastructure. In addition, SIP is immune to a wide range of attacks and is of low communication overhead by using a Bloom filter. Detailed simulation studies have confirmed the efficacy and efficiency of SIP.
Study design for calibration of clinical examiners measuring periodontal parameters.

Background: We present an approach to examiner calibration study design where the number of calibration subjects is based on a specified margin of error (half-width of the 95% confidence interval [CI]) of the percentage of agreement (exact and within 1 mm) for both intra- and interexaminer reliability assessments.Methods: An experienced standard examiner (S) trained three dental hygienists (A, B, and C) in correct procedures for obtaining a variety of periodontal measures. Duplicate measurements of probing depth (PD [mm]) and the free gingival margin to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ-GM [mm]) were obtained in a pilot study to design a formal examiner calibration study, where sample sizes were adjusted for the effects of within-subject clustering of binary indices of agreement.Results: Within-subject clustering of agreement indices resulted in an approximate four-fold increase in the variance of the estimates of percentage of agreement with the standard. PD and CEJ-GM percentage of exact agreement measur...
Minority Access to White Suburbs: A Multiregional Comparison

What are the locational processes that underlie racial residential segregation? This study analyzes the residential patterns of non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in eleven suburban regions using a multilevel model of locational attainment: the racial composition of a person's place of residence is determined by the person's individual characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status and cultural assimilation) and aggregate variables including his or her racial/ethnic group, characteristics of the region in which he or she lives, and average characteristics of the group in that region. With some exceptions, findings for individual effects are more consistent with assimilation theory for Hispanics and Asians and with racial stratification theory for blacks. Having controlled for individual effects, disparities with whites are greatest for blacks, and for all three minority groups they are greatest in regions with large minority populations.
A unique SU(5) and SO(10) unification with complete dynamical symmetry breaking

A unique asymptotically free, anomaly-free, SU(5) gauge theory is proposed as a possible complete unification of the standard model in which all symmetry-breaking is dynamical. The asymptotic freedom constraint is saturated, removing renormalon divergences and leaving well-defined instanton interactions as the only nonperturbative ingredient of the theory. Consequently, it is argued, topological vacuum polarization of a very heavy, unconventional quantum number, quark sector dominates the dynamics, producing SU(5) symmetry breaking and a three generation low energy spectrum. Electroweak symmetry breaking is due to a chiral condensate of color sextet quarks. The embedding of the theory in a single SO(10) representation is used for the dynamical analysis and may also have physical significance.
Information-Based Sensor Management in the Presence of Uncertainty

Recognizing the uncertainty present in all real-world problems, this correspondence extends the mathematical framework of a previously presented information-based sensor manager to permit operation with uncertain sensor probabilities of detection and false alarm. Simulation results demonstrate the importance of proper uncertainty modeling for the attainment of robust sensor manager performance
The relationships between dental anxiety and feeling anxious, feeling relaxed, hypnotizability, and task absorption are unclear.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Hypnotizability, absorption and negative cognitions as predictors of dental anxiety: two pilot studies. DiClementi JD, Deffenbaugh J, Jackson D. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138(9):1242-50; quiz 1267-8. Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable Purpose/Question The purpose of Study 1 was to determine the relationship of dental anxiety to general feelings of relaxation and anxiety. The purpose of Study 2 was to determine the relationship of dental anxiety to the tendency to become absorbed in a task. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trials
Loss of HIV-1–specific CD8+ T Cell Proliferation after Acute HIV-1 Infection and Restoration by Vaccine-induced HIV-1–specific CD4+ T Cells

Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells are associated with declining viremia in acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1 infection, but do not correlate with control of viremia in chronic infection, suggesting a progressive functional defect not measured by interferon gamma assays presently used. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells proliferate rapidly upon encounter with cognate antigen in acute infection, but lose this capacity with ongoing viral replication. This functional defect can be induced in vitro by depletion of CD4(+) T cells or addition of interleukin 2-neutralizing antibodies, and can be corrected in chronic infection in vitro by addition of autologous CD4(+) T cells isolated during acute infection and in vivo by vaccine-mediated induction of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T helper cell responses. These data demonstrate a loss of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell function that not only correlates with progressive infection, but also can be restored in chronic infection by augmentation of HIV-1-specific T helper cell function. This identification of a reversible defect in cell-mediated immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection has important implications for immunotherapeutic interventions.
Implicating Exudate Macrophages and Ly-6Chigh Monocytes in CCR2-Dependent Lung Fibrosis following Gene-Targeted Alveolar Injury

The alveolar epithelium is characteristically abnormal in fibrotic lung disease, and we recently established a direct link between injury to the type II alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) and the accumulation of interstitial collagen. The mechanisms by which damage to the epithelium induces lung scarring remain poorly understood. It is particularly controversial whether an insult to the type II AEC initiates an inflammatory response that is required for the development of fibrosis. To explore whether local inflammation occurs following a targeted epithelial insult and contributes to lung fibrosis, we administered diphtheria toxin to transgenic mice with type II AEC-restricted expression of the diphtheria toxin receptor. We used immunophenotyping techniques and diphtheria toxin receptor-expressing, chemokine receptor-2-deficient (CCR2(-/-)) mice to determine the participation of lung leukocyte subsets in pulmonary fibrogenesis. Our results demonstrate that targeted type II AEC injury induces an inflammatory response that is enriched for CD11b(+) nonresident exudate macrophages (ExM) and their precursors, Ly-6C(high) monocytes. CCR2 deficiency abrogates the accumulation of both cell populations and protects mice from fibrosis, weight loss, and death. Further analyses revealed that the ExM are alternatively activated and that ExM and Ly-6C(high) monocytes express mRNA for IL-13, TGF-β, and the collagen genes, COL1A1 and COLIIIA1. Furthermore, the accumulated ExM and Ly-6C(high) monocytes contain intracellular collagen, as detected by immunostaining. Together, these results implicate CCR2 and the accumulation of ExM and Ly-6C(high) monocytes as critical determinants of pulmonary fibrosis induced by selective type II AEC injury.
The effect of drug abuse on body mass index in Hispanics with and without HIV infection.

Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue,Boston, MA 02111, USASubmitted 27 April 2004: Accepted 21 July 2004AbstractObjective: There is a widely held view that the lower weight of drug abusers isattributabletodiet.However,manystudiesonthedietaryintakeofdrugabusershavefailed to ﬁnd energy insufﬁciency, while non-dietary factors have rarely beenexamined. The purpose of this study was to examine non-dietary factors that couldaffect the weight of drug abusers with and without HIV infection.Design: Participants were recruited into one of three groups: HIV-positive drugabusers (n ¼ 85), HIV-negative drug abusers (n ¼ 102) and HIV-positive personswho do not use drugs (‘non-drug abusers’, n ¼ 98). Non-dietary factors inﬂuencingweight included infection with HIV and/or hepatitis, malabsorption, resting energyexpenditure and physical activity.Setting: ThebaselinedatafromaprospectivecohortstudyoftheroleofdrugabuseinHIV/AIDS weight loss conducted in Boston, USA.Subjects: The ﬁrst 286 participants to enrol in the study.Results: HIV-positivedrugabusershadabodymassindex(BMI)thatwassigniﬁcantlylower than that of HIV-positive non-drug abusers. The differences in weight wereprincipally differences in fat. In the men, cocaine abuse, either alone or mixed withopiates, was associated with lower BMI, while strict opiate abuse was not. Infectionwith HIV or hepatitis, intestinal malabsorption, resting energy expenditure andphysical activity, as measured in this study, did not explain the observed differencesin weight and BMI.Conclusions: Drug abuse, and especially cocaine abuse, was associated with lowerweight in men. However, infection with HIV and/or hepatitis, malabsorption andresting energy expenditure do not explain these ﬁndings.KeywordsDrug abuseHIVBody mass indexNutritionThere is accumulating evidence that the differences inweight between drug abusers and non-drug abuserscannot be attributed to poor diet. We recently publisheddata from a study locally known as the BIENESTAR study,showing that Hispanic men infected with HIV who weredrug abusers had a lower body mass index (BMI) thanHIV-positive men who were not drug abusers. Reportedenergy intake could not explain the difference in BMIamong the men
The Writing Essential Skill Screener–Upper Elementary Version: A Technical Analysis:

The Writing Essential Skill Screener–Upper Elementary Version was designed to assess students in Grades 3 to 6 at risk for difficulties in written expression. Four independent samples were used to study the Screener's reliability and validity. Thirty-day test-retest reliability was .83 and concurrent validity coefficients (n = 275) were .66 with the Woodcock-Johnson: Tests of Achievement–Revised Written Language domain and .80 with the Wide-Range Achievement Test–Revised Spelling subtest. Exploratory factor analytic procedures suggest the Screener has a single dimension, Written Expression. A diagnostic efficiency study indicated the total predictive value was 86%, sensitivity was .91, specificity was .80, positive predictive power was .82, and negative predictive power was .90.
Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon

The purpose of this randomized study was to measure the influence of vitamin C (n = 15 runners) compared with placebo (n = 13 runners) supplementation on oxidative and immune changes in runners competing in an ultramarathon race. During the 7-day period before the race and on race day, subjects ingested in randomized, double-blind fashion 1,500 mg/day vitamin C or placebo. On race day, blood samples were collected 1 h before race, after 32 km of running, and then again immediately after race. Subjects in both groups maintained an intensity of ∼75% maximal heart rate throughout the ultramarathon race and ran a mean of 69 km (range: 48–80 km) in 9.8 h (range: 5–12 h). Plasma ascorbic acid was markedly higher in the vitamin C compared with placebo group prerace and rose more strongly in the vitamin C group during the race (postrace: 3.21 ± 0.29 and 1.28 ± 0.12 μg/100 μl, respectively, P < 0.001). No significant group or interaction effects were measured for lipid hydroperoxide, F2-isoprostane, immune cell co...
Startle as an objective measure of distress related to teasing and body image

Objective: The startle reflex was used to assess negative emotion in response to body image cues in persons with and without body-related teasing histories. Method: Fifty-three female college students viewed photos of themselves both unaltered and morphed to look heavier and thinner. Participants with a teasing history were compared to participants without a teasing history on self-report measures and the affect modulated startle paradigm when viewing the photos. Results: All participants, regardless of teasing history, self-reported that the photo morphed to look heaviest was more unpleasant than the neutral photo. When assessed by the affect modulated startle paradigm, a significant teasing history by photo interaction was found between the neutral and morphed to look heaviest photos and the neutral and morphed to look smallest photo. Those with a teasing history had greater startle response to the morphed images in comparison to the neutral images than did those without a teasing history. Discussion: College-aged women with weight-related teasing histories may have negative emotional reactions to personally relevant body image cues, as measured by the startle reflex, even when they subjectively report no distress. Objective measures, such as the startle reflex should be considered when assessing emotional reactions to body image cues. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:58–64)
Multicultural Competence, Social Justice, and Counseling Psychology: Expanding Our Roles

The construct of multicultural competence has gained much currency in the counseling psychology literature. This article provides a critique of the multicultural counseling competencies and argues that counseling psychology's operationalization of multicultural competence must be grounded in a commitment to social justice. Such a commitment necessitates an expansion of our professional activities beyond counseling and psychotherapy. While counseling is one way to provide services to clients from oppressed groups, it is limited in its ability to foster social change. Engaging in advocacy, prevention, and outreach is critical to social justice efforts, as is grounding teaching and research in collaborative and social action processes.
Taphonomy, pathology, and paleoecology of the terminal Pleistocene Marmes Rockshelter (45FR50) “big elk” (Cervus elaphus), southeastern Washington State, USA

In 1968, remains of what were reported to be a larger-than-modern elk (Cervus elaphus) were recovered from terminal Pleistocene sediments associated with the Marmes Rockshelter archaeological site in southeastern Washington State. Originally thought to have been butchered by humans, it is associated with radiocarbon dates suggesting an age of about 9800 14 C years B.P. Taphonomic analysis in 2009 indicates the elk likely died of natural causes during winter months; it was lightly scavenged by carnivores prior to burial from silt-rich spring runoff. The elk suffered from two pathological conditions: one resulting in fusion of the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae, and the other resulting in exces- sive bone tissue on the proximal ends of the first ribs, seventh cervical, and first and second thoracic vertebrae. The Marmes elk is larger than modern Rocky Mountain elk (C. e. nelsoni) and is on the large end of the size range of modern Roosevelt elk (C. e. roosevelti). It is also larger than the similarly aged elk skeleton from Three Hills, Alberta. A single elk bone from the Sentinel Gap archaeological site in central Washington State, dated to about 10 200 14 C years BP and located 130 km west of Marmes Rockshelter, is the same size as the same bone of the Marmes elk. Terminal Pleistocene elk in eastern Washington likely grew to exceptionally large size as a result of abundant grass at the time, forage that de- creased in abundance as Holocene climatic conditions developed.
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: case reports.

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder with worldwide distribution. It consists of ichthyosis, spastic diplegia, and mental retardation. An enzymatic defect in fatty alcohol oxidation recently was identified and is thought to be responsible for the disorder. We report two siblings with SLS. In addition to the typical features of the syndrome, the sister had marked hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, which is rarely seen to this degree. The brother had joint hyperextensibility, which has not been reported previously. Both individuals had documented deficient activity of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase.
Tests of a Perturbed Physics Ensemble Approach for Regional Climate Modeling

Abstract Ensemble simulations were performed with the regional climate model RegCM2 using ranges of plausible values for two parameters in the deep convection scheme. The timescale for release of convective instability was varied through a range of five values from 600 to 7200 s, and the maximum stable-layer depth between updraft origin and the level of free convection was varied over five values from 50 to 150 hPa, resulting in 25-member ensembles. Simulations were integrated for two 60-day periods covering extremes of regional climate for the central United States, the severe drought in late spring/early summer of 1988 and the record flood of summer 1993. The mean-square error for precipitation was dominated by the term resulting from spatial position correlation. The relative operating characteristic showed that for the flood case the ensemble had skill for 60-day excess precipitation up to one interannual standard deviation above climatology, and for the drought case the ensemble had skill to simulate...
A Fully Integrated Oven Controlled Microelectromechanical Oscillator—Part I: Design and Fabrication

This paper, the first of two parts, reports the design and fabrication of a fully integrated oven controlled microelectromechanical oscillator (OCMO). This paper begins by describing the limits on oscillator frequency stability imposed by the thermal drift and electronic properties ( $Q$ , resistance) of both the resonant tank circuit and feedback electronics required to form an electronic oscillator. An OCMO is presented that takes advantage of high thermal isolation and monolithic integration of both micromechanical resonators and electronic circuitry to thermally stabilize or ovenize all the components that comprise an oscillator. This was achieved by developing a processing technique where both silicon-on-insulator complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry and piezoelectric aluminum nitride, AlN, micromechanical resonators are placed on a suspended platform within a standard CMOS integrated circuit. Operation at microscale sizes achieves high thermal resistances ( $\sim 10~^{\circ }\text{C}$ /mW), and hence thermal stabilization of the oscillators at very low-power levels when compared with the state-of-the-art ovenized crystal oscillators, OCXO. A constant resistance feedback circuit is presented that incorporates on platform resistive heaters and temperature sensors to both measure and stabilize the platform temperature. The limits on temperature stability of the OCMO platform and oscillator frequency imposed by the gain of the constant resistance feedback loop, placement of the heater and temperature sensing resistors, as well as platform radiative and convective heat losses are investigated.[2015-0035]