cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of Lloyd L. Weinreb, Legal Reason: The Use of Analogy in Legal Argument

This book review praises Lloyd Weinreb for re-asserting that the use of analogy is at the core of legal - and particularly judicial - reasoning. It finds, however, that he is not quite prepared to accept the implications of his own argument: namely that judges in a common law system can, do and must make law. It is submitted that this obsession to pretend that judges do not make law is peculiarly American. Judges throughout the rest of the common law world are commonly seen as doing just that, and regularly acknowledge that fact.
Hemodynamic Effects of Dopamine in Endotoxin Shock

SummaryPrevious studies showed that the initial fall in blood pressure in dogs administered endotoxin is primarily due to a decrease in venous return. The primary purpose of the present study was to determine the therapeutic value of dopamine in endotoxin shock by direct measurement of venous return and calculated changes in total peripheral resistance. Experiments were carried out on adult mongrel dogs and the venous return preparation was utilized in this study. Results provide direct evidence that dopamine increases cardiac output and that this increase persists during the postendotoxin period. Dopamine also supports mean arterial pressure during the early phase of shock. The suggested mechanism of action of dopamine in endotoxin-shocked dogs has been largely discussed and includes both direct and indirect effects of dopamine on the heart and peripheral vasculature.
V600E BRAF mutation in pilocytic astrocytoma is associated with a more diffuse growth pattern but does not confer a more aggressive clinical behavior

Activation in mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway has recently been described as a predominant event in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and is commonly caused by constitutively active mutation in BRAF protein. Whereas PA of posterior fossa in children have a high prevalence of BRAF duplication and fusion, primary molecularm abnormalities in supratentorial tumors of adults are more diverse and also include BRAF V600E point mutation. In our study we evaluated 51 PAs for BRAF duplication and BRAF V600E point mutation. We found a relatively high frequency of V600E mutation in our cohort. Histologically, V600E-carrying PA appeared more infiltrative, yet our limited clinical follow-up failed to detect a deleterious prognostic significance.
Laser Holography: Its Application to the Study of the Behavior of Insecticide Particles

Laser holography was used to study the characteristics and behavior of insecticide aerosols. It allowed direct 3-dimensional stop-action study of spray particles as they impinged onto the larva of the western spruce bud worm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and its silk webbing. The setae of this insect were effective impingement structures for particles ranging from submicron to 20µ diameter. Spray droplets coalesced on the tip and migrated to the base, both with and against the spray current and against gravity. Among 5 solvents studied there was significant evaporation of relatively nonvolatile solvents, particularly when the droplets were below about 40µ diameter.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND SEPARATION SCIENCE

Solvent extraction has long enjoyed a well-deserved position of prominence among anlytical chemists as a powerful separation technique applicable both to trace and macro levels of materials. Solvent extraction chemistry has developed in a most dramatic way in the last quarter of a century. Work in this area has not only provided the basis for a rich store of analytical methodology characterized by high sensitivity and selectivity, but has also illuminated many fundamental aspects of a wide variety of inorganic coordination complex reactions. Because of the great range of concentrations from "weightless" trace levels of carrier-free radioisotopes to the macro levels of several weight per cent of metal ions in which quantitative separations by solvent extraction is applicable, this technique is equally useful in both analytical and preparative, e.g. process scale, modes. The continuing vigor of this interesting field is attested by the continuing high publication rate of research reports from active groups throughout the world (about 1000 papers annually). It is not daring to predict that much innovative and fruitful research in both fundamental and applied research will be conducted in the next decade or two.Despite the great variety of extraction systems it is possible to describe every extraction by a simple, three step scheme (Table 1).
Gotthilf Heinrich Schubert and the dark side of natural science

G. H. Schuberts Vorlesungsreihe uber die Nachtseite der Naturwissenschaft ist wegen ihres Inhalts und wegen der Rolle, die sie in der deutschen Kultur und Politik wahrend der Zeit der napoleonischen Beherrschung gespeilt hat, ein aufschlussreiches Erzeugnis der romantischen Wissenschaft. Schuberts Versuch, der den naturlichen Erscheinungestets unvoreingenommen gerecht werden wollte, hat eine Vision der Natur und der Geschicht zur Folge gehabt, die den Deutschen eine neue Hoffnung auf die Zukunft ihres Vaterlandes eroffnet hat. Schuberts Vorlesungen liefern dem Historiker uberdies einen fasinierenden Blick auf die gesellschaftliche Resonanz der Naturwissenschaft in dem ersten Jahrzehnt des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts.
76 PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A COMMON DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITY: MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM.

Although substantial evidence has supported the role of heredity in Class III dentofacial deformity (mandibular prognathism), the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors that led to this dentofacial problem, however, continues to be debated. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of genetics in the development of the Class III trait. We therefore performed a detailed phenotypic characterization of both isolated and familial cases of Class III dentofacial deformity to address the fundamental hypothesis that the Class III trait is an inherited trait with distinctly segregating subphenotypes. We further propose to categorize individuals based on these subphenotypes that can ultimately be correlated with specific haplotypes. It should be possible to eventually understand the contribution of genetic factors in the various expressions of Class III dentofacial problems and to apply this knowledge to improved treatment approaches. To date 15 families with multiple affected individuals have been identified within the existing database of the Dentofacial Clinic at the University of North Carolina through which surgical patients are followed and through the records of the graduate orthodontic clinic and faculty practice. Cluster and principal components analyses were performed using cephalometric variables to compare familial and isolated Class III individuals. Finally, a genome-wide scan followed by linkage analysis was conducted to identify the chromosomal locus of the Class III trait for four families with significant power. The results indicated that there are five clusters, from 309 individuals, representing clinically distinct phenotypes. A pedigree “analysis by inspection” revealed that the broad Class III phenotype is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in 15 families analyzed. Linkage analysis reveals a locus suggestive of linkage with the Class III trait. We therefore conclude that the Class III dentofacial deformity is largely under strict genetic control and is made up of distinct subphenotypes.
Transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of the infertile man: a report of 3 cases.

Abstract The traditional evaluation of the infertile man with azoospermia or low ejaculate volume includes determination of serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, a seminal fructose test, post-ejaculate urinalysis and, sometimes, vasography. Transrectal ultrasonography, a technique currently familiar to most urologists, recently has been added to our diagnostic armamentarium. This office-based imaging procedure provides an accurate assessment of the prostate, ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles, which can be helpful in the evaluation of certain infertile patients. We describe 3 patients who presented with either azoospermia or decreased ejaculate volume in whom transrectal ultrasonography had a critical role in the fertility evaluation. The clinical indications for and interpretation of transrectal ultrasonography in the infertile population are described. Transrectal ultrasonography currently is the most accurate, inexpensive and readily available noninvasive imaging technique used to diagnose obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts in the infertile patient with either azoospermia or low ejaculate volume.
Connectivity-Based Biocompatible Force Field for Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters

Thiolated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), sub-2 nm Au particles capped by Au(I) thiolate complexes, promise to have a myriad of applications in biomedical diagnosis and therapy as well as industrial catalysis, energy production, and monitoring of environmental pollutants. Computational simulations are a valuable tool in elucidating design principles for optimizing application-specific physicochemical properties. However, thiolated AuNCs protected, conjugated, and/or interacting with macromolecules often exceed the limit of computational tractability with present-day quantum chemistry software. To facilitate theoretical studies, a molecular mechanics force field, AuSBio, is presented that reasonably reproduces, and retains, characteristic structural features of perhaps the most intensively studied thiolated AuNC, Au25L18 (L = alkylthiolate), over 2 ns finite temperature molecular dynamics simulations. AuSBio was parametrized within the framework of force fields for (bio)organic simulations to reproduce equilibr...
The European Jewish Middle Ages

The new division of history that surfaced toward the close of the European Middle Ages reconfigured the traditional Christ-centered triad of glorious past, decadent present, and splendid future. The new glorious past centered on Greece and Rome, rather than Jesus; the decadent middle period involved the triumph of Christianity; the splendid future would revive the values of Greece and Rome and repudiate the values of Christianity. Enlightenment thinkers reinforced and sharpened this new tripartite division of history. The changes in European society associated with modernity included altered status for European Jewry. Slowly and subtly, some Jews began to integrate themselves into majority society. The process of integration accelerated explosively with the formal restructuring of Western polities as a result of the American and French revolutions. Increasingly large numbers of Jews found themselves absorbed into drastically reconfigured Western societies. Integration proceeded at many different levels, including the demographic, the economic, the political, and – not least – the cultural. An inevitable result of this integration was assimilation of the new ideas, ideals, and values of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment thinking. The challenge – keenly felt within nineteenth- and twentieth-century Western Jewry – was somehow to engage the new patterns of thought while remaining grounded in the core legacy of the Jewish past.
Short Jet Impingement

The characteristics of the velocity and pressure fields of a round turbulent jet impinging onto a plate have been studied. Previous studies covered impingement heights that placed the plate in the fully developed flow region of the jet. The present study covered impingement heights between 0 and 20 nozzle radii. Axial and radial variations of velocity and static pressure were determined. Turbulence intensities along the center line within the impingement zone are presented. The energy balance of the mean flow is achieved pointwise along the jet axis within the impingement zone for two different impingement heights.
Discretion in Revenue Recognition and Financial Statement Comparability

One objective of financial reporting regulation is to encourage the production of decision-useful information. This paper examines the association between the level of discretion allowed in accounting standards and financial statement comparability, a key characteristic of decision-useful reporting. To study the link between discretion and comparability, I investigate changes in four measures of comparability around two regulations, SOP 97-2 and EITF 09-3, which decreased and increased discretion in recognizing revenue on software related transactions, respectively. Using a difference-in-differences research design, I find evidence consistent with a negative association between discretion and comparability for affected firms, relative to control firms. This paper provides further information on how standard setters impact the financial reporting environment and highlights the trade-offs involved in the regulatory process.
Controlling solid-state optical properties of stimuli responsive dimethylamino-substituted dibenzoylmethane materials

The mechanochromic luminescent (ML) properties of boron coordinated β-diketones (BF2bdks) have been widely studied, however the stimuli responsive properties of uncoordinated β-diketones (bdks) are less known. While bdk dyes show promising properties, including high contrast ML, rapid room temperature self-erasure, solvatochromism, and aggregation induced emission (AIE), previously reported dyes exhibit emission over a narrow range of wavelengths (∼420–500 nm). To tune luminescence over a broader color range, dimethylamino (DMA) substituted β-diketones were synthesized with a series of electron donating and withdrawing substituents. Solvatochromism, aggregation induced emission (AIE), ML, and thermochromism were investigated. Most dyes showed positive solvatochromic shifts and were responsive to mechanical and thermal stimuli. The solid-state emission wavelengths correlated with the electron withdrawing strength of the para substituent and ranged from blue to orange (488–578 nm). Structural and thermal characterization was performed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. These data indicate that stimuli responsive properties are the result of a crystalline to amorphous phase transition. Additionally, the aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties of iodo and cyano substituted dyes were measured in THF/H2O solutions. Both showed intense emission resulting from aggregation. The sensitivity of these dyes toward matrix polarity was further investigated by fabricating polystyrene films with increasing concentrations of dye and camphoric anhydride, a non-emissive polar dopant. A red-shift in emission was observed in these films which demonstrated that matrix effects can be used to tune the emission of DMA-substituted diketones.
Survival patterns following brain metastases for patients with melanoma in the targeted therapy era.

9064 Background: Survival from metastatic melanoma (MM) has been significantly prolonged with the introduction of molecularly targeted therapy, including BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) for patients (pts) ...
Sustainability in the Apparel Industry and Founding Firms’ Hybridized Logics

This paper explores the development of a new institutional logic for a self-regulatory institution as a result of the hybridization of founding firms’ disparate logics. Deploying an inductive study...
Black Lives Matter

This short story begins with a reference to the tragic killing of Trayvon Martin and the acquittal of his killer as part of a pattern of behavior that shouts loud and clear: “black lives don9t matter”. The story traces the injustices of slavery and life and work on the plantations. It takes us from Jim Crow laws in the U.S. to the stifling of the national movement of the Congolese, from assassination of Patrice Lumumba, to the killings of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. In short, the story is a reflection on the responsibility of educators in addressing the topic that Du Bois called “the problem of the century” over a hundred years ago. It points to the importance of discussing it in various disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields including religious studies, sociology, history, ethnic studies, political science, psychology, linguistics, etc
Photoactuation: novel MEMS-based constructs and applications of azobenzene

The conversion of light energy into mechanical energy for directed photoactuation is a goal that has been pursued for decades. This work has led to azobenzene liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs), which demonstrate photo-activated bending when irradiated with UV or blue-green light. This intriguing phenomenon has potential to significantly impact the fields of Lab-on-a-Chip, MEMS and soft robotics, but the jump into practical application requires precise fabrication of azobenzene-based structures capable of being leveraged into useful and efficient photomechanical work. Three such configurations have been designed to this end: azobenzene films patterned by soft lithography, azobenzene nanofibers and azobenzene nanobeads.
Cultural Heritage on China’s 21st-century Maritime Silk Road: The Case of Guangdong Province

This article suggests that Chinese scholars in Guangdong, through historical work endorsed or sponsored by their government, justify the inclusion of Southeast Asian nations in the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) initiative. In doing so, they seek to add the MSR to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) World Heritage List. By exploring how historians and officials adhere to the expectations of the Chinese state and UNESCO in highlighting Guangdong’s role in the 21st-century MSR initiative, the article examines the production of cultural heritage at the local level in contemporary China.
Laser-Assisted Excision of Coil Mass While Clipping Recurrent Intracranial Aneurysms After Prior Endovascular Coiling: Our Initial Experience.

Background Excision of coil mass during clipping of recurrent or residual aneurysms after prior endovascular coiling is challenging. We evaluated the use of the carbon dioxide laser for safe and effective removal of coils during aneurysm surgery. Two cases are presented. Case Description The first patient was a 56-year-old man with a previously coiled ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Angiography at 3-year follow-up showed recurrent aneurysm, which could not be coiled again owing to technical reasons. An aneurysm clip could not be safely applied owing to the weight of the coil mass compromising the parent vessel lumen. Laser-assisted coil mass resection was performed before permanent clip application. Intraoperative cerebral angiography showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm. The second patient was a 69-year-old woman with a previously coiled unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Angiography at 2-year follow-up showed recurrence of the aneurysm, which could not be coiled again owing to technical reasons. Laser-assisted coil mass resection was performed before the aneurysm was safely clipped. Intraoperative angiography showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm. No complications occurred using the carbon dioxide laser. At 1-year follow-up, both patients were asymptomatic with no evidence of aneurysmal recurrence. Conclusions Excision of coil mass is required while treating recurrent and/or residual intracranial aneurysms that were previously treated by endovascular technique. The use of carbon dioxide laser assistance while retrieving these coils is safe and effective.
Clinical Translation of a Novel Hand-Held Based Optical Imager: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Hand-held based optical imaging devices are currently developed by researchers toward clinical translation of the technology. However, the devices developed to date are limited in that they are unable to contour to different tissue curvatures, and they are not capable of coregistration which is necessary for 3D tomography. A novel hand-held based optical imager has been developed in our Optical Imaging Laboratory and tested on homogeneous tissue phantoms. The unique features of the device include (i) flexibility to contour to different tissue curvatures, (ii) simultaneous illumination for rapid data acquisition, and (iii) real-time coregistration capabilities to enable 3D tomography. Herein, studies are performed to demonstrate the ability of the hand-held device to image in vitro samples designed to better mimic the heterogeneous nature of human breast tissue. A fluorescent target (0.45 cc) filled with 1 μM indocyanine green (ICG) was used to represent a tumor and placed at different depths up to 2.5 cm within a 10x10x10 cm3 acrylic cube filled with minced chicken breast and 1% Liposyn. The hand-held device was used to recover the target location from 2D surface contour plots of the fluorescent signal. Parallely, preliminary in vivo studies have been carried out on normal human subjects using a simulated fluorescent target (0.45cc), where the probe was placed on the tissue surface with gentle compression. These studies demonstrate the potential for clinical translation of our hand-held based optical imager for real-time tomographic imaging.
Infectious disease: #83 Low-risk community acquired pneumonia: Sociodemographic and clinical determinants for hospitalization

Abstract PURPOSE: To elucidate socio-demographic and clinical determinants for hospitalization among “low-risk” community acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. “Low-risk” patients are HIV negative, non-nursing home residents with no major renal, neoplastic or hepatic diseases, and with a Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) less than 90. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 296 low-risk community acquired pneumonia patients examined from January 1999 to January 2000. All patients were assigned a PSI score. 208 (70%) of patients were discharged from the emergency room while 80 (30%) were hospitalized. All patients were assigned to classes I-V according to PSI score. A comparison was made between PSI class II patients discharged from the emergency department and those hospitalized. RESULTS: Predictors for hospitalization were female gender (p CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic parameters, including age, gender and insurance coverage, are important determinants for hospitalization among “low-risk” patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical predictors for hospitalization were high fever, and tachycardia. The average length of stay for in-patient care was 3.5 days (Range = 3 to 5 days), at ten times higher the cost of out-patient care. This study supports the recommendation of using the PSI for ED evaluation of patients.
Efficient Data Protection Scheme in Hybrid Clouds

The amount of digital data has rapidly increased at a rate of double per year since 2009. Adopting cloud computing storage services will consequently be an alternative approach to gain cost flexibility. Data encryption and access control are common data protection methods in cloud storages. However, traditional full data encryption in clouds can ensure privacy preserving but cause the low analysis efficiency problem. The emerging requirements of data analysis in clouds are balanced between data security and data analysis capacity. An efficient data protection scheme in hybrid clouds is proposed to improve data protection efficiency, rise up data availability and decrease the maintenance cost of cloud services. Data classification and selective data protection mechanisms are two key phases in this paper. According to the functional analysis and comparison results, The proposed scheme is therefore more suitable for efficiency data protection in hybrid clouds than traditional methods.
Alternative Approaches: Implementing Mindfulness Practices in the Classroom to Improve Challenging Behaviors:

Managing challenging student behaviors can be difficult for any educator. Lacking knowledge of research-based, positively oriented behavior interventions, educators may resort to punitive, reactive...
Brand’s Social Media Presence as Networks: The Role of Interactivity and Network Centrality on Engagement

Despite ample research on brand engagement via social media, little research considers the aggregate effect of multiple same-brand accounts on engagement. Multiple same-brand accounts are common be...
Biochemical conversion of sweet sorghum bagasse to succinic acid.

Succinic acid, an important intermediate in the manufacture of plastics and other commodity and specialty chemicals, is currently made primarily from petroleum. We attempted to biosynthesize succinic acid through microbial fermentation of cellulosic sugars derived from the bagasse of sweet sorghum, a renewable feedstock that can grow in a wide range of climates around the world. We investigated pretreating sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) with concentrated phosphoric acid at mild conditions (40–85°C) at various residence times and biomass concentrations. We then subjected the pretreated SSB to enzymatic hydrolysis with a commercial cellulase to release glucose. The highest glucose yield was obtained when SSB was pretreated at 50°C for 43 min at 130 g/L biomass concentration on dry basis. Fermentation was carried out with Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z, which readily converted 29.2 g/L of cellulosic glucose to 17.8 g/L of succinic acid in a 3.5-L bioreactor sparged with CO2 at a rate of 0.5 vvm, thus reducing the carbon footprint of the process. Overall, we demonstrated, for the first time, the use of SSB for production of succinic acid using practices that lower energy use, future equipment cost, waste generation, and carbon footprint.
Cognitive sequelae of cannabis use

Abstract Cannabis use is prevalent and has been associated with poorer cognitive functioning, with effect magnitude approximating one-third of a standard deviation. This chapter provides a brief overview of the neuropharmacology of cannabis and its constituents and summarizes evidence for both acute and nonacute effects of cannabis on cognition. Overall, findings were heterogeneous and nuanced. Acute intoxication with cannabis was most often linked to impairments in learning, memory, and psychomotor function. Regarding nonacute effects, evidence suggests that heavy or chronic cannabis use may be associated with declines in IQ, episodic memory, and executive functioning. However, these effects are small and may diminish with prolonged abstinence. Finally, results from longitudinal co-twin studies suggest that observed impairments may be accounted for by family background factors, rather than cannabis use. A growing number of studies employing longitudinal designs will allow researchers to make strong causal inferences regarding the effects of cannabis on cognition.
Reinforcement Learning for Assisted Visual-Inertial Robotic Calibration

We present a new approach to assisted intrinsic and extrinsic calibration with an observability-aware visual-inertial calibration system that guides the user through the calibration procedure by suggesting easy-to-perform motions that render the calibration parameters observable. This is done by identifying which subset of the parameter space is rendered observable with a rank-revealing decomposition of the Fisher information matrix, modeling calibration as a Markov decision process and using reinforcement learning to establish which discrete sequence of motions optimizes for the regression of the desired parameters. The goal is to address the assumption common to most calibration solutions: that sufficiently informative motions are provided by the operator. We do not make use of a process model and instead leverage an experience based approach that is broadly applicable to any platform. This is a step in the direction of long term autonomy and “power-on-and-go” robotic systems, making repeatable and reliable calibration accessible to the non-expert operator.
Effects of a Disability Awareness Clinic on Boy Scouts’ Attitudes toward Disability

This study examines the effects of a Disability Awareness Merit Badge Clinic on boy scouts’ attitudes toward peers with disabilities. The clinic was created and facilitated by two faculty members a...
Direct Solvothermal Synthesis of Phase-Pure Colloidal NiO Nanocrystals

Nickel(II) oxide (NiO) nanocrystals have potential applications in catalysis and photocatalysis and as precursors for nanostructured thin films of NiO used as photocathodes in p-type dye-sensitized...
Gut Microbiome Modulates Response to Cancer Immunotherapy.

With the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, there has been a renaissance in the microbiome field. Microbial taxonomy and function can now be characterized relatively easily and rapidly—no longer mandating complex culturing approaches. With this renaissance, there is now a strong and growing appreciation for the role of the microbiome (referring to microbes and their genomes) in modulating many facets of physiology—including overall immunity. This is particularly true of the gut microbiome, and there is now an evolving body of the literature demonstrating a role for gut microbes in modulating responses to cancer treatment—particularly immunotherapy. Gut microbes can modulate immunity and anti-tumor responses via a number of different interactions, and these will be discussed herein. Additionally, data regarding the impact of gut microbes on cancer immunotherapy response will be discussed, as will strategies to manipulate the microbiome to enhance therapeutic responses. These efforts to date are not completely optimized; however, there is evidence of efficacy though much additional work is needed in this space. Nonetheless, it is clear that the microbiome plays a central role in health and disease, and strategies to manipulate it in cancer and overall precision health are being explored.
Some Thoughts on the Existence of a Generic Building Object

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new universal data structure, called a Generic Building Object (GBO), to support the reinvention and re-implementation of a building data base application called PLAN. The paper reviews various building models as presented explicitly and implicitly in the writings of other computer-aided building design researchers.
A Longitudinal Analysis of a Law Enforcement Intranasal Naloxone Training Program.

Introduction The opioid crisis continues to claim lives at historically unprecedented levels and shows few signs of abating. One means of mitigating the harm from opioid abuse and unintentional overdose is training and equipping police officers to administer intranasal (IN) naloxone as part of a broader public health response. While an increasing number of state and local agencies have implemented law enforcement officer (LEO) naloxone training programs, due to the novelty of these programs, the evidence of program efficacy is limited. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of a LEO training program in opioid overdose recognition, management, and administration of IN naloxone. Methods This evaluation consisted of a secondary analysis of de-identified administrative quality assurance data. Police officers in Howard County, Maryland (n=281) underwent an IN naloxone training program between June and July 2015. The training program entailed a 30-minute online component, a 45-minute in-service session, and a 15-question post-test (n=228). The success of the training program was evaluated via an opioid overdose knowledge survey administered at 30 days (n=207) and 6 months (n=182) after training. Results The 30-day and 6-month scores for all knowledge outcomes indicated that officers retained the contents of the training program well over time. After six months, 100% of respondents correctly identified the physiological effects of naloxone administration, and 95.6% correctly identified the opioid-containing drugs that may result in overdose. At the six-month mark, 74.59% correctly identified the initial signs of opioid overdose, and 60.99% correctly identified the time required for IN to begin working. Conclusion LEOs exhibit the ability to retain the contents of IN training over 30-day and 6-month periods and express confidence in their ability to assist suspected opioid overdose victims. Further research is necessary to determine the degree to which further knowledge decay might occur, the sustained ability to implement this knowledge under real-world conditions, and the subsequent effects on overdose victim survival.
Pronounced Fidelity and Selection for Average Conditions of Calving Area Suggestive of Spatial Memory in a Highly Migratory Ungulate

A distinguishing characteristic of many migratory animals is their annual return to distinct calving (birthing) areas in the spring, yet the navigational mechanisms employed during migration which result in this pattern are poorly understood. Effective conservation of these species requires reliable delineation of such areas, quantifying the factors which influence their selection, and understanding the underlying mechanisms resulting in use of calving areas. We used barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) as a study species and identified calving sites of the Western Arctic Herd in Alaska using GPS collar data from 2010 – 2017. We assessed variability in calving areas by comparing spatial delineations across all combinations of years. To understand calving area selection at a landscape scale, we performed a resource selection analysis comparing calving sites to available locations across the herd’s range and incorporated time-varying, remotely-sensed metrics of vegetation quality and quantity. We found that whereas calving areas varied from year to year, this annual variation was centered on an area of recurring attraction consistent with previous studies covering the last 6 decades. Calving sites were characterized by high-quality forage at the average time of calving, but not peak calving that year, and by a narrow range of distinct physiographic factors. Each year, calving sites were located on areas of above-average conditions based on our predictive model. Our findings indicate that the pattern of spring migration for pregnant females was to migrate to areas that consistently provide high-quality forage when averaged across years, and then upon arriving at this calving ground, refine selection using their perception of annually-varying conditions that are driven by environmental stochasticity. We suggest that the well-documented and widespread pattern of fidelity to calving grounds by caribou is supportive of a navigational mechanism based on spatial memory at a broad scale to optimize foraging and energy acquisition at a critical life-history stage. The extent to which migrants depend on memory to reach their spring destinations has implications for the adaptability of populations to changing climate and human impacts.
Greater age-related changes in white matter morphometry following early life stress: Associations with internalizing problems in adolescence.

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with increased risk for internalizing disorders and variations in gray matter development. It is unclear, however, whether ELS affects normative age-related changes in white matter (WM) morphology, and if such maturational differences are associated with risk for internalizing psychopathology. We conducted comprehensive interviews in a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents (N = 156; 89 F; Ages 9-14) to assess lifetime exposure to stress and objective cumulative ELS severity. We used diffusion-weighted imaging to measure WM fixel-based morphometry and tested the effects of age and ELS on WM fiber density and cross-section (FDC), and associations between WM FDC and internalizing problems. Age was positively associated with FDC in all WM tracts; greater ELS severity was related to stronger age-WM associations in several association tracts connecting the frontal lobes with limbic, parietal, and occipital regions, including bilateral superior and inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi (UF). Among older adolescents with greater ELS severity, a higher UF FDC was associated with fewer internalizing problems. Greater ELS severity predicted more mature WM morphometry in tracts implicated in emotion regulation and cognitive processing. More phenotypically mature UF WM may be adaptive against internalizing psychopathology in adolescents exposed to ELS.
Reticuloruminal disturbances in the bovine

The forestomach of the ruminant animal is a highly effective energy-producing factory which can utilize a wide variety of feedstuffs. Many complex interactions occur within the forestomachs to digest, mix, and absorb nutrients from feed. Slight alterations in forestomach balance can lead to severe alterations in function, such as hypomotility, hypermotility, bloat, acidosis, or putrefaction. It is essential to understand and be able to treat and prevent forestomach disease in cattle. Some of the most common diseases are reviewed here, possible treatments given, and the use of motility-enhancing drugs is briefly discussed.
Rapid Wound Healing and Acne Scar Improvement After Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment Combined with the Application of Platelet-Lyophilized Treatment (PLT).

Objective There are several clinical cases on the application of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) therapies. To improve disadvantages such as the inability to be standardized and stored long term, we proposed a novel platelet-lyophilized treatment (PLT) to enhance the wound healing rate and improve acne scarring. Study Design A single-blinded study at a single health care center was performed. All subjects were treated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser. On the right side of the face, 2 mL PLT solution (dissolved in normal saline) was applied, while on the left side of the face (control group), 2 mL normal saline was applied. The treatment described above was repeated every 3 to 4 weeks, and 4 treatments were performed in total. Assessments were performed prior to each treatment and at the one-month follow-up after the fourth treatment. Subjective assessments included questionnaires administered by the principal investigator and a self-assessment questionnaire completed by the subjects. Moreover, VISIA complexion analysis was used for objective data collection, and spots, wrinkles, texture, pores, UV spots, brown spots, red areas, and porphyrins were objectively analyzed. Results Our data indicated that the PLT side showed a more rapid recovery than the saline side; on average, the sloughing off of the crusts was noted on day 5 and day 6. The improvement rate for skin spots, texture, and pores was significantly increased on the PLT side, with the pigment and pore size both having a statistically significant improvement of p<0.001, while the texture had a significant improvement of p<0.01. Conclusion The results suggested that the application of PLT could be a novel method to enhance wound healing and improve acne scarring after laser skin rejuvenation.
Lipophagic/Lipoatrophic Panniculitis: A TH1-Mediated Autoimmune Disorder of the Subcutaneous Fat

Lipophagic panniculitis is a unique form of panniculitis that has been described primarily in childhood. Since its initial description, the pathophysiology that underlies this distinctive panniculitis has remained somewhat elusive until recently. While much of the literature focuses on pediatric cases, this uncommon form of autoimmune panniculitis also affects adults. The potential role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of lipophagic/lipoatrophic panniculitis lies in the association with certain autoimmune conditions. The histopathology is temporally heterogeneous. Its inception is heralded by infiltration of the fat lobule by T cells following an influx of neutrophils. There is subsequent adipocyte injury and then an influx of scavenger macrophages which imbibe released lipid from injured adipocytes. The end-stage lesion is characterized by adipocyte dropout, lipoatrophy, and lobular fibrosis. A type IV TH1-dominant cellular immune reaction targeting the adipocyte could define its pathophysiologic basis. In this regard, immune-modulating agents that inhibit implicated proinflammatory pathways such as TNF-alpha inhibitors and antimalarials could have some efficacy in treating this condition.
Utility of Coronary CT Angiography in the Assessment of Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Current Perspectives

Acute chest pain remains a highly prevalent complaint in the emergency setting with an extensive differential. Cardiac CTA has emerged as an effective tool aiding in rapid triage of these patients. Due to its excellent negative predictive value, new guidelines recommend CCTA for the purpose of excluding acute coronary syndrome in low- to intermediate-risk patients. Research continues to validate CCTA’s application for this purpose, its appropriateness compared to other available exams, and explore emerging capabilities of CCTA as a noninvasive method of evaluating coronary artery disease in the setting of acute chest pain.
American Indian Policy in the States

Objectives We investigate whether American Indian legislation is prevalent in state legislative agendas. Methods We examine proposed and passed legislation in states for the years 1998–2007. Results Our findings suggest that states with legislative and executive institutions that address Native issues, as well as larger American Indian constituencies, are more likely to initiate and pass American Indian legislation. We also find that states with larger legislative agendas propose and pass more Native legislations, although the amount of Native legislation has been dropping in recent years. Conclusion Native legislation is on the state policy agenda and both Indian Nations and state governments influence the size of the Native policy agenda.
Boehlert optimistic about science budget

Rep. Sherwood Boehlert (R-N.Y), chair of the Science Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives, said on October 1 that while the tragic airplane attacks in New York City and on the Pentagon change the nation's priorites in many ways, U.S. research and development and education needs remain much the same as they had been before. Boehlert, speaking in Washington, D.C. to campus presidents of the State University of New York, argued against fundamental changes in the structure or nature of U.S. academic institutions, such as restricting their openness to students, instructors, and researchers from overseas.
Quantitative imaging of protein–protein interactions by multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using a streak camera

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) using multiphoton excitation techniques is now finding an important place in quantitative imaging of protein-protein interactions and intracellular physiology. Recent developments in multiphoton FLIM methods are reviewed and a novel multiphoton FLIM system using a streak camera is described. An example of a typical application of the system is provided in which the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between a donor-acceptor pair of fluorescent proteins within a cellular specimen is measured.
Representations and Mass Formulas for SU(4)

A hierarchial scheme of $\mathrm{SU}(n)$ symmetries among the strong interactions is proposed with the $n\ensuremath{-}1$ additive quantum numbers exactly conserved. Simple dynamics as well as mass-splitting considerations are shown to favor the assignment of the measons to the 15-dimensional representations and the baryons and ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ isobars to two inequivalent 20-dimensional representations of SU(4). The predictions of new particles are discussed.
Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase Activity in Human Brain Across Age

: Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was measured in the cerebral cortex of humans 2 days to 83 years of age and in the cortex of F344 rats 3, 22, or 30 months of age. Protein kinase activity was detected in the human brain, but no age-related differences in activity were observed in the presence or absence of cyclic AMP. Age differences were also not seen in protein kinase in the rat cerebral cortex. Enzyme activities in rat and human brain were similar.
The SIRT1 activator SRT1720 reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction, excessive superoxide production, and inflammation with aging in mice

Reductions in arterial SIRT1 expression and activity with aging are linked to vascular endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that the specific SIRT1 activator SRT1720 improves endotheli...
Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Genes, Lipid Carrier Protein Lipophorin, and Its Receptor during Immune Challenge in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti*

In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the expression of two fat body genes involved in lipid metabolism, a lipid carrier protein lipophorin (Lp) and its lipophorin receptor (LpRfb), was significantly increased after infections with Gram (+) bacteria and fungi, but not with Gram (–) bacteria. The expression of these genes was enhanced after the infection with Plasmodium gallinaceum. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of Lp strongly restricted the development of Plasmodium oocysts, reducing their number by 90%. In Vg-ΔREL1-A transgenic mosquitoes, with gain-of-function phenotype of Toll/REL1 immune pathway activated after blood feeding, both the Lp and LpRfb genes were overexpressed independently of septic injury. The same phenotype was observed in the mosquitoes with RNAi knockdown of Cactus, an IκB inhibitor in the Toll/REL1 pathway. These results showed that, in the mosquito fat body, both Lp and LpRfb gene expression were regulated by the Toll/REL1 pathway during immune induction by pathogen and parasite infections. Indeed, the proximal region of the LpRfb promoter contained closely linked binding motifs for GATA and NF-κB transcription factors. Transfection and in vivo RNAi knockdown experiments showed that the bindings of both GATA and NF-κB transcription factors to the corresponding motif were required for the induction of the LpRfb gene. These findings suggest that lipid metabolism is involved in the mosquito systemic immune responses to pathogens and parasites.
Lack of detection of human retrovirus-5 proviral DNA in synovial tissue and blood specimens from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.

Objective Prior studies have suggested an association of human retrovirus 5 with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine if human retrovirus-5 proviral DNA is present in synovial tissue and blood specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, or those without joint disease. Methods Synovial tissue and whole blood from 75 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 75 patients with osteoarthritis, and 50 patients without a primary arthritis diagnosis were assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers that amplify a 186-bp fragment of human retrovirus-5 proviral DNA. Results A total of 200 tissue specimens, 200 mononuclear cells, and 196 of 200 granulocyte specimens tested negative for human retrovirus-5 proviral DNA. No association between human retrovirus 5 and rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis (P = 0.516) was identified. Granulocyte specimens from 4 patients, 2 with rheumatoid arthritis and 2 with osteoarthritis, yielded a low positive human retrovirus-5 proviral DNA signal (83–1,365 copies of human retrovirus-5 proviral DNA/ml blood). Conclusion Contrary to prior reports, we did not find an association between human retrovirus 5 and rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis using a real-time PCR assay. Our findings are consistent with the recent finding that human retrovirus 5 is actually rabbit endogenous retrovirus H.