cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Achieving a customer orientation using “people‐power,” the “5th P”

There have been scant references in the marketing literature to conceptualizing an organization's employees as an element of the organization's marketing mix. Extending previous conceptualizations of employees in a business marketing and a nonprofit marketing context, it is proposed that all organizations have the ability to move beyond their traditional view of employees in order to capitalize on “people‐power” as a distinctive element of their marketing mixes; an element that can help them become customer‐oriented to gain a competitive advantage through differentiation and to deliver customer value. To do so presents a real managerial challenge for any organization. It is a challenge worth undertaking, however, because successful implementation will help an organization achieve a customer‐orientation and more effectively meet the needs of its customers.
Innovative system of high-temperature shape memory alloys

A new high temperature shape memory alloy system based on the Ni50Ti50-XHfX has been successfully developed. The experimental results show that the martensite transformation temperature increases significantly with an increase in Hf content. The elevating effect of Hf on the phase transformation temperature is much higher than that of Pd. The Af phase transformation temperature can reach as high as 503 degree(s)C when the Hf content is 25%. Examination of the one-way shape memory effect displays that the fully reversible strain decreases slightly as the Hf content increases, but the alloy also possesses a relatively high fully reversible strain even though the Hf content is 25%. It was also found that the new high temperature shape memory alloys demonstrate a very good two-way shape memory effect after proper training.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Toward a model of interpersonal motivation in experimental games

A geometric model of preference is described for evaluating choices in decomposed two-choice experimental games. The model characterizes a subject's (S's) choice behavior in terms of a parameter, called motivational orientation, that represents the relative weights assigned by S to his own and to the other player's outcomes. Previous definitions of motivational orientation are shown to be included in the model as particular values of the model parameter, and the characterization of decomposed games by dominance class is interpreted geometrically. Methods for measuring motivational orientation in decomposed games are discussed, and an experiment is presented demonstrating the validity and reliability of the construct.
Static Design of Cable Mooring Arrays for Offshore Guyed Towers

Abstract The key consideration in controlling the dynamic response of an offshore guyed tower subjected to environmental loading is the selection of the stiffness characteristics of the cable mooring array. In the present study, each cable in the array consists of three segments: a leading segment attached to the tower, a short heavy middle segment, and a seabed trailing segment attached at the extremity to an anchor pile. A nonlinear static model is presented in algorithmic form that defines the stiffness characteristics of the cable array. The model involves the inelastic static catenary equations coupled with conditions of geometric compatibility, formulated in terms of seven nondimensional system parameters. The effects of varying each of the system parameters on the stiffness characteristics of example cable arrays are presented and the implications for cable design are discussed.
Chemical stability of encapsulated aspartame in cakes without added sugar

Abstract Encapsulated aspartame (APM), developed to protect the APM molecule during baking, has not been evaluated for stability during baking and subsequent product storage. Thus, the objectives of this project were to determine the APM recovery in various cake formulations after baking and to evaluate APM degradation kinetics during product storage. The recovery of encapsulated APM after baking was 33–34% while that of non-encapsulated APM was 22%. The addition of the acidulant glucono-delta lactone (GDL) to the formulation increased the recovery of encapsulated APM to 58%. The rate constants of APM degradation in the cakes with and without GDL at 22 °C were 0.0085 and 0.035 day−1, respectively. By using 2.5% encapsulated APM in cupcake mixes for home preparation, enough APM should remain to provide adequate sweetness during typical product shelf life.
Interatomic potential parameters of solid neon and argon

Results are reported of calculations of the Lennard-Jones m-6 intermolecular potential parameters of solid neon and argon, including cubic and quartic contributions to the lattice free energy at 0 °K. The treatment of the cubic and quartic terms is due to Feldman and Horton, using a first-neighbour approach which is an extension of the procedure introduced by Flinn and Maradudin. This approach is used in conjunction with first-, second- and all-neighbour treatments of the static lattice and zero-point contributions to the free energy at 0 °K. The parameters are determined from the experimental sublimation energy and lattice spacing at T = 0 °K, by the procedure used by Horton and Leech and by Brown, who reported calculations on the potential parameters for the same potential without including the effects of the cubic and quartic terms. A comparison of the present parameters with those reported earlier is made for solid neon and argon for a number of models based on first-, second- and all-neighbour theories, with m = 11, 12 and 13. For neon the values of are typically increased by about 4%, and σ by about 0 5%, for argon is increased by about 0 4% and σ by less than 0 05%. Similar calculations for solid krypton and xenon show negligible differences from the earlier results, and are not included. A discussion is given of the use of the present parameters in the calculation of the equivalent Debye θoc, and a brief comparison with earlier calculations is made.
KINEMATICS OF K/sub l3/ DECAY AMPLITUDES AND RELATIVISTIC EQUATIONS FOR SPIN-ZERO PARTICLES.

The standard $S$-matrix kinematic analysis is applied to the ${K}_{l3}$ decays to show that the form factors ${f}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ are free of kinematic singularities or constraints. The general form of the matrix elements of the vector current and its divergence in the Duffin-Kemmer formalism are determined and shown to be consistent with the general kinematic analysis, in contrast to a form proposed in some recent letters.
Conformationally constrained cyclic enkephalin analogs with pronounced delta opioid receptor agonist selectivity

The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2, L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2, D-Cys5]- enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the β ,β dimethyl substituents of the penicilamine side chain. The analogs exhibit profound δ receptor specificity as assessed by their relative potencies in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) assays, exhibiting, respectively, 666 and 215 times higher potency in the latter assat system. By contrast, the receptor selectivities measured in rat brain binding assays in the absence of sodium were much more modest, the cyclic analogs being, respectively, 15.2 and 6.0 times more effective at displacing [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin than [3H] naloxone. However, for binding assays performed in the presence of a sodium concentration equivalent to that used in the GPI and MVD assays, these binding selectivities increased to 167 and 49, respectively.
Marital inequality: The importance of resources, personal attributes, and social norms on career valuing and the allocation of domestic responsibilities

This study assessed the extent to which resources (income and job prestige) and personal attributes (descriptions of oneself as autonomous, dominant, and achievement oriented as compared to nurturant and affiliative) predicted differences in the perceived importance of husbands' and wives' careers and in the sharing of responsibilities at home. In this sample of 60 dual-career couples, half the wives earned at least one-third more than their husbands and half the husbands earned at least one-third more than their wives. Consistent with the resource theory prediction, spouses who earned more viewed their careers as more important and had more say at home than spouses who earned less. Consistent with the cultural resource position, men, overall, had more say in financial matters, less responsibility for the children and the household, and saw their own careers as more importnat than their wives' careers. Regression analyses revealed that resources and sex predicted whose career was more highly valued, but personal attributes and perceived career importance were the best predictors of spouses' overall say at home.
Rhetorical Functions of Letter Writing: Dialogic Collaboration, Affirmation, and Catharsis in Dolores Huerta's Letters

This essay focuses on the letters that Dolores Huerta wrote to Cesar Chavez in the 1960s and 1970s to better understand her role in the United Farm Workers (UFW) union and the functions of letter writing for individuals such as Huerta, who faced constraining ideologies of race, ethnicity, gender, and class. Huerta used these letters to establish dialogic collaboration with Chavez. These letters also had a more personal function through affirmation and catharsis, enabling Huerta to affirm her role within the UFW by noting her accomplishments and sacrifices for the union and by expressing both her personal and professional problems. These rhetorical functions of her letter writing contributed to Huerta's identity consciousness, enabling her to build an identity that emphasized social justice issues related to race, ethnicity, class, nationality, and gender.
Quasiparticle electronic structure of bismuth telluride in the GW approximation

The quasiparticle band structure of bismuth telluride $({\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Te}}_{3})$, an important thermoelectric material that exhibits topologically insulating surface states, is calculated from first principles in the GW approximation. The quasiparticle energies are evaluated in fine detail in the first Brillouin zone using a Wannier-function interpolation method, allowing the accurate determination of the location of the band extrema (which is in the mirror plane) as well as the values of the quasiparticle band gap (0.17 eV) and effective-mass tensors. Spin-orbit interaction effects were included. The valence band exhibits two distinct maxima in the mirror plane that differ by just 1 meV, giving rise to one direct and one indirect band gap of very similar magnitude. The effective-mass tensors are in reasonable agreement with experiment. The Wannier interpolation coefficients can be used for the tight-binding parametrization of the band structure. Our work elucidates the electronic structure of ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Te}}_{3}$ and sheds light on its exceptional thermoelectric and topologically insulating properties.
Nonhydrostatic Stress Effects on Solid Phase Epitaxial Growth in Silicon

The dependence of solid phase epitaxial growth in Si on uniaxial compression applied perpendicular to the amorphous-crystal interface is investigated. Long, thin pure Si bars of square cross section are ion-implanted to produce amorphous layers on the end faces. The bars are placed end-to-end and uniaxially loaded at temperature to partially regrow the amorphous layers. The resulting growth rates are measured ex situ by re-heating the samples on a hot stage and using time-resolved reflectivity to deduce interface depths. Preliminary results are that uniaxial compression is more effective than hydrostatic pressure for enhancing the growth rate, in qualitative but not quantitative agreement with previously made predictions.
Propoxur, chlordane, and diazinon on porcelain china saucers after kitchen cabinet spraying.

Cabinets containing porcelain china saucers were sprayed with diazinon, chlordane, or propoxur. Saucers were removed and analyzed for insecticidal residues 0.02, 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after spraying. Significant residues remained after 0.02 and 1 day on saucers exposed to all insecticides. Insecticides on saucers were greatly reduced 1 day after treatment. Calculations indicated that the maximum amount of insecticide present on all the top dishes of a set the day of exposure to the insecticide is less than 1/1000 of the LD50 for white rats.
Biopsychological Stress Factors in BRCA Mutation Carriers

Objective Cancer risk-related stressors are prominent among BRCA mutation carriers. Loss of one’s mother to a BRCA-associated cancer is an additional stressor, which may be related to an enhanced inflammatory response. This study examined the effect of mother’s vital status on psychological factors and stress-associated biomarkers among BRCA mutation carriers. The role of bereavement on biopsychological variables was also examined. Methods BRCA-carriers with known maternal transmission enrolled in the Gilda Radner Hereditary Cancer Program were invited to participate. Focus group composition was predetermined based on participants’ personal cancer history and mother’s vital status. Prior to the focus group, participants completed a Quality of Life (QOL) survey and collected a first morning saliva sample. Inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed from proximal archived serum. One day post focus group, a process survey, and morning saliva were collected. Results QOL was significantly lower for those whose mothers are deceased ( n = 17) compared to those whose mothers are alive ( n = 15) ( P = 0.003) after adjusting for age, personal cancer history and prophylactic surgery. Similarly, those whose mothers are deceased reported significantly more perceived stress ( P = 0.015), more intrusive thoughts related to cancer risk ( P = 0.049), and more anxiety ( P = 0.003). Higher bereavement scores were significantly associated with QOL and psychological measures. Biomarker correlates were consistent with and significantly correlated to the patient-reported psychological outcomes for those whose mothers were deceased. Conclusions BRCA mutation carriers with a known maternal transmission whose mother is deceased report higher perceived stress and anxiety, lower QOL, and a stress-associated biomarker profile that is potentially globally immune suppressive.
An advisory system for the analysis and design of deformable beam-type multi-body systems

Abstract Multi-body systems can be used to model mechanisms, robots and many other mechanical assemblies. When these devices are subjected to high-speed and high accuracy requirements, their elastic behavior will merit thorough investigation. The finite element analysis and design of deformable multi-body systems is a very complex, iterative process requiring a high level of expertise and engineering intuition. This paper presents an advisory system developed to help a designer with the key parameters through the analysis, design, and validation processes. The related knowledge such as to determine the optimum parameters for mesh, time step, type of analysis, type of element, the numerical integration scheme and the corresponding parameters, and the design considerations such as material selection method, and geometric synthesis algorithm are also documented.
Solid-state NMR studies of the adsorption and photooxidation of ethanol on mixed TiO2--SnO2 photocatalysts.

Abstract In situ solid-state NMR methodologies have been used to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) over a series of SnO2-based photocatalysts. The adsorption of ethanol on commercially available SnO2 powder was studied using both cross-polarization 13C NMR and REDOR experiments, and showed the formation of two surface ethanol species, hydrogen-bonded ethanol at surface hydroxyl groups and ethanol chemisorbed to the SnO2 surface (Sn–OCH2CH3). 13C NMR of the adsorbed ethanol was used to characterize the surface of monolayer SnO2–TiO2 coupled photocatalysts supported on porous Vycor glass. In situ solid-state NMR studies showed that the photooxidation of ethanol over the monolayer photocatalysts was slower than that over a supported TiO2 monolayer photocatalyst due to the build-up of reaction intermediates such as acetic acid on the catalyst surface. 119Sn NMR experiments characterized the tin species on the porous Vycor glass support.
The study of social interaction between small animals

Summary An enclosure and automatic long-period monitoring techniques are described for the study of social interactions between small mammals. The durations and time and amount of eating, drinking, food hoarding, wheel running, ambulatory and exploratory movements, crossing of a passage, entering and leaving a nest, and sleeping, are recorded together with semiautomatic data reduction of correlations. To illustrate the utility of the techniques, exploratory studies were carried out with two mature Peromyscus maniculatus females, first living alone and then living together. The animals were identified automatically by means of ferromagnetic proximity sensing of small metal collars. When living alone, each animal displayed a distinctive behaviour pattern. When placed in consort, the activities of both changed markedly, particularly during the first few days. Both animals eventually settled into a regular routine in which each tended to draw nearer to the behaviour pattern of the other. Thus, animal No. 13, very active when alone, became less active, while No. 8, relatively inactive when living alone, became more active. A tendency of the animals to remain in each other's company also was evidenced. Changes in behaviour was demonstrably dependent upon social interactions, for when the animals were returned to a solitary existence, each returned to essentially its previous pattern of activity.
Dark matter in natural supersymmetric extensions of the standard model

We explore the dark matter sector in extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model that can provide a good fit to the PAMELA cosmic-ray positron excess, while at the same time addressing the little-hierarchy problem of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Adding a singlet Higgs superfield S can account for the observed positron excess, as recently discussed in the literature, but we point out that it requires a fine-tuned choice for the parameters of the model. We find that including an additional singlet {Psi} in a model with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking is a minimal extension which allows both a reduction of the weak-scale fine-tuning and an interpretation of the cosmic-ray observations in terms of dark matter annihilations in the galactic halo. Our setup contains a light axion but does not require light CP-even scalars in the spectrum.
THE THERAPEUTIC IMPACT OF TEMPORAL ARTERY BIOPSY

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of temporal artery biopsy in the diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis we followed up all 134 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had temporal artery biopsies between 1965 and 1980. Initial biopsies were positive for giant-cell arteritis in 46 cases and negative in 88. A history of jaw pain or claudication and the findings of a palpably abnormal temporal artery were significantly more common in the patients whose biopsy specimens showed giant-cell arteritis. Over a median follow-up period of 70 months (range 1-192) only 8 of the 88 biopsy-negative patients had clinical courses requiring long-term, high-dose corticosteroid therapy for giant-cell arteritis. In this population-based study temporal artery biopsy correctly predicted the subsequent need for corticosteroid therapy in 94% of cases: these findings indicate that biopsy should be done before patients are committed to long-term corticosteroid therapy.
The non-linear interaction of a gravity wave with the vortical modes

Abstract The wave-wave interaction theory has been used successfully in describing one class of weakly non-linear wave phenomena. The application of this theory to the atmosphere shows the possibilities of energy and momentum transfer among three interacting gravity waves, as well as from the gravity wave to the other modes of motion. It has been found that the non-resonant interaction of a gravity wave with two vortical modes can proceed at a reasonably rapid rate. With the gravity wave viewed as the primary wave and the two vortical modes as the secondary waves, the interaction equation can be linearized and solved. The resulting analytic formula gives the growth rate of the interaction. In the absence of the Earth's rotation, the growth is limited to a threshold effect. The theory shows that whenever the horizontal air parcel velocity of a gravity wave exceeds a factor of √2 times the horizontal trace velocity of the wave, energy and momentum transfer from the gravity wave to the vortical modes can proceed. The rotation of the Earth will blur this threshold effect by making the interaction more likely to occur. Thus, through this mechanism, a gravity wave can transfer its energy and momentum to the horizontal velocity field in the vortical mode. In this sense, the small scale vortical motions would serve as the sink of both energy and momentum of a propagating gravity wave. When scales of vortical modes reach sufficiently small values, dissipation through viscosity becomes important. At this scale and smaller, the vortical modes are damped out quickly and its energy spectrum must exhibit a sharp decay.
Utilization of cascade data in axial-flow compressor design and analysis - A critical review

Axial flow compressor off-design performance optimization by adjustable inlet guide vanes with variable trailing edge flaps
Weighted Compact Scheme for Shock Capturing

Abstract In this paper a new class of finite difference schemes - the Weighted Compact Schemes are proposed. According to the idea of the WENO schemes, the Weighted Compact Scheme is constructed by a combination of the approximations of derivatives on candidate stencils with properly assigned weights so that the non-oscillatory property is achieve when discontinuities appear. The primitive function reconstruction method of ENO schemes is applied to obtain the conservative form of the Weighted Compact Scheme. This new scheme not only preserves the characteristic of standard compact schemes and achieves high order accuracy and high resolution using a compact stencil, but also can accurately capture shock waves and discontinuities without oscillation. Numerical examples show the new scheme is very promising and successful.
Fight Like a Man: Gender and Rhetoric in the Early Nineteenth‐Century American Peace Movement

This article argues that a primary aspect of the early nineteenth‐century peace movement was the theory that the problem of war was perpetuated by prevailing modes of manliness. A critical aspect of this reform was to advocate an alternative, gentle masculinity – both in one’s personal interactions with others as well as one’s speech and demeanor – that saw a direct connection between war on a grand scale and personal violence or verbal aggression. That model of manliness became a central element of the peace reformers’ conflict in the late 1830s with abolitionists, who saw a divide between personal behavior and public rhetoric.
Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptomatology in Children With Somatoform Disorders

This study investigated levels of self-esteem and self-reported depressive symptomatology in a sample of children diagnosed with somatoform disorder. The somatoform sample, a sample of children with depressive disorders, and a sample of children with no DSM-IIl-R diagnosis differed significantly on measures of depression and self-esteem. Specifically, the somatoform group consistently scored between the depressed and nodiagnosis groups, although most of the statistically significant differences occurred between the depressed and no-diagnosis groups. Significant differences between the somatoform group and the other groups were found for behavioral self-esteem.
Measurement of the D(p,p)D cross section at laboratory backward angles of 151° and 167°

Abstract Elastic backscattering spectrometry was completed to determine proton–deuterium scattering cross sections for the D(p,p)D reaction. An ErD 2 thin film on a substrate of Kovar was used for the measurements with a proton beam at energies of 1.9–3.0 MeV and laboratory scattering angles of 167° and 151°. Within the energy range used, the measured differential scattering cross section (mb/sr) showed no significant angular dependence between these two angles, and only a slight dependence on beam energy. However, the laboratory cross section to Rutherford ratios ( σ / σ R ) increased linearly with beam energy at both angles; as beam energy increased from 1.9 to 3.0 MeV, the cross section ratio ( σ / σ R ) increased from 83.4 to 185.5 at 151° and from 548.5 to 1178.4 at 167°. Our data agreed reasonably well with a set of literature values obtained at laboratory scattering angles of 150°, 153°, and 170°. Finally, we have attempted to clarify confusion in the literature resulting from conversions between different angular systems as well as conversions between measured cross section values and cross section to Rutherford ratios.
Identification of Protein Remains in Archaeological Potsherds by Proteomics

We demonstrate here the possibility of identifying proteins trapped in few milligrams of the clay matrix of a 1200-1400 AD Inupiat potsherd fragment from Point Barrow, Alaska, by a dedicated proteomics approach. The four main steps of a proteomics analysis, (i) protein extraction from biological samples, (ii) protein hydrolysis using a hydrolase enzyme, (iii) nanoLC, nanoESI MS, and MS/MS analysis of the generated peptides, and (iv) protein identification using protein databank proceeded from genomic data, have been optimized for archeological remains. Briefly our procedure starts by grinding the potsherds, extraction with 1% trifluoroacetic acid, digestion with excess of trypsin, nanoLC, nanoESI FT-ICR analysis, and data mining by homology search. The developed conditions were evaluated on protein extracts from remains obtained by heated muscle tissues and blubbers of different seal and whale species, these samples representing the main diet sources of the Eskimo population. Most of the proteins were identified by sequence homology to other species due to the lack of cetacean and pinniped proteins in the databanks. More interestingly, two proteins, myoglobin and hemoglobin, respectively, identified in muscle tissue samples and blubber samples highlight several specific peptides of cetacean and pinniped species; these peptides are significant to prove the presence of these marine species in the analyzed samples. Based on the developed methodology and on protein identification results obtained from the heated seal/whale muscle tissues and blubbers, the analysis of the clay matrix of a 1200-1400 AD Inupiat potsherd fragment from Point Barrow was investigated. The described method succeeds in identifying four peptides corresponding to the harbor seal myoglobin (species Phoca vitulina) with a measured mass accuracy better than 1 ppm (MS and MS/MS experiments) including one specific peptide of the cetacean and pinniped species and one specific peptide of the seal species. These results highlight, for the first time, a methodology able to identify proteins from a few milligrams of archeological potsherd buried for years; the obtained results confirm the presence of a seal muscle tissue protein in this Punuk potsherd.
Interactions of Fano resonances in the transmission of an Aharonov-Bohm ring with two embedded quantum dots in the presence of a magnetic field

Interactions of Fano resonances in the transmission for an Aharonov-Bohm ring with two embedded quantum dots are examined. As the interaction parameter between two quantum dots is modulated, two Fano dipoles (a resonance zero-pole pair) in the complex-energy plane form a quasiparticle, which behaves as a coupled object called a ``Fano quadrupole.'' In the strong overlapping regime of Fano resonance, the collision and merging of resonance zeros take place and these zeros move off from the real axis of energy in complex conjugate pairs. The periodic motion of both transmission zeros and resonance poles as a function of a magnetic field is discussed.
Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: predictive models and ecological traits

AbstractInferences drawn from regional bioassessments could be strengthened by integrating data from different monitoring programs. We combined data from the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and the US Environmental Protection Agency Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) to expand the scope of an existing River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)–type predictive model and to assess the biological condition of streams across the western US in a variety of landuse classes. We used model-derived estimates of taxon-specific probabilities of capture and observed taxon occurrences to identify taxa that were absent from sites where they were predicted to occur (decreasers) and taxa that were present at sites where they were not predicted to occur (increasers). Integration of 87 NAWQA reference sites increased the scope of the existing WSA predictive model to include larger streams and later season sampling. Biological condition at 336 NAWQA test sites was...
Plasmid Linkage of Proteinase and Lactose Fermentation in Streptococcus lactis NCDO 1404

Abstract Streptococcus lactis NCDO 1404, a nisin producer, contained seven plasmid species with masses ranging from approximately 1.8 to 45 megadaltons. Transfer in M17 broth resulted in loss of the 45-megadalton plasmid with concurrent impairment of growth in milk or on milk-based agar media, in spite of fast lactose fermentation. Growth at 41°C or protoplast regeneration were used for plasmid curing. Among seven partly-cured, lactose-negative derivatives, one retained the 45-megadalton plasmid and formed significantly larger colonies on milk-based agar media. These data indicated linkage of proteinase (positive) to the 45-mega-dalton plasmid. A 35-megadalton species was the only plasmid absent in all lactose-negative derivatives; this plasmid was present in Streptococcus lactis NCDO 1404 and in two lactose-positive derivatives. Linkage of lactose fermentation to the 35-megadalton plasmid was indicated. Streptococcus lactis NCDO 1404 and its derivatives produced four colony types on buffered, milk-based agar media containing pH indicators; the colony types corresponded to the four possible combinations of the proteinase-positive, and proteinase-negative, lactose-positive and lactose-negative phenotypes. All strains were capable of fast sucrose fermentation, including a nisin-negative derivative. Assignment of nisin production to a certain plasmid species could not be made.
Cysteamine alters redox state, HIF-1α transcriptional interactions and reduces duodenal mucosal oxygenation: novel insight into the mechanisms of duodenal ulceration

Our recent studies demonstrated a critical role of enhanced transcriptional activity of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) in early stages of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in rats. Since cysteamine is also a reducing agent, the aims of this study were to determine the effect of cysteamine on proximal duodenal mucosa: (a) redox status, (b) mucosal oxygenation, (c) expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) and its binding to DNA, and (d) HIF-1α interaction with Egr-1 and other redox-sensitive transcription factors. Here we demonstrate for the first time that cysteamine treatment reduced the duodenal oxygenation by 19% (vs. baseline) and markedly increased the redox status in duodenal mucosa (p<0.05). Cysteamine increased HIF-1α expression, its binding to DNA, and enhanced the HIF-1α interactions with Egr-1 and other transcription factors (e.g., AP-1, AP-2, L-III BP, NF-E1, NF-E2, STAT4, and MRE), their binding to DNA. Thus, these data demonstrate the involvement of the redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms in the early stages of duodenal ulceration.
A Sex-Determining Gene (sdY) Assay Shows Discordance between Phenotypic and Genotypic Sex in Wild Populations of Chinook Salmon

AbstractSex is determined genetically in most fishes, but the gene responsible for sex determination is not known for the vast majority of fish species, including Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The purpose of this study was to characterize a putative sex-determining gene (“sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome” [sdY] gene) in Chinook Salmon and develop a method to test genomic DNA (gDNA) samples for genetic sex assignment. Using next-generation sequencing and salmonid DNA sequence data from GenBank, the entire genomic organization of Chinook Salmon sdY was described. The corresponding full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence generated from total RNA was determined by using a combination of genomic-based primers and “rapid amplification of cDNA ends” (RACE) PCR assays. A phylogenic analysis was conducted by comparing the Chinook Salmon sdY cDNA sequence with sdY sequences (GenBank) from 10 other teleost species. A multisequence alignment was performed, and a phylogenetic tree was inferred f...
Photochemical source of metals for sediments.

A mass budget study of major in-lake Al fluxes, palaeolimnological data on a >10 000 year old sediment record, and in situ photochemical experiments performed at Plesne Lake (Czech Republic) suggest that photochemical liberation of organically bound aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) by solar radiation is a significant natural source of their ionic species for lakes and subsequent oxyhydroxides for sediments. The results show that photochemically induced transformation of dissolved Al and Fe to solid oxyhydroxides deposited to Plesne Lake sediment dominated (91 and 73%, respectively) their sedimentary flux throughout the preindustrial era, since soil formation initiated in the catchment. The following sequence of processes occurs: (i) soil organic acids dissolve and bind metals and export them from terrestrial to aquatic systems. (ii) Photochemical decomposition of organic−metal complexes liberates a significant portion (∼50% in Plesne Lake) of organically bound Al and Fe as inorganic ions. (iii) The liberated ...
FDA's new regulatory paradigms for in vitro diagnostic devices.

This is a summary of the FDA’s response to new statutory requirements imposed by the US Congress through the FDA Modernization Act (FDAMA) of 1997. Congress intends to facilitate the development of new, safe and effective drugs and medical devices by requiring the FDA to accept the least burdensome route to market, consistent with no decrease in the level of reasonable safety and effectiveness. This will balance premarket review with appropriate postmarket surveillance and increase the premarket interaction of the FDA with the manufacturers of drugs and medical devices. Appendices describing the role of the Center for Devices and Radiologic Health of the FDA in the development cycle of medical devices, and the overall benefits and disadvantages of this regulation are given later. Websites are provided for access to the original documents from the FDA and through links to other government agencies and stake-holders in medical products. These can be viewed at: http://fda.gov (FDA as a whole), [FDA Center for Devices and Radiologic Health (CDRH)] http://fda.gov/cdrh.
Tropical eosinophilia in Rhodesia

Abstract The occurrence of the “eosinophilic syndrome group” is described in Rhodesia, and two case examples are recorded. The differential diagnosis is discussed.
Recent advances in topical agents for prehospital haemostasis

The prehospital treatment of severe extremity bleeding has remained unchanged for years and relies on compression with absorbent gauze dressings. Advances in haemostasis technology have identified ...
Seeing the Bigger Picture: Troubling Movements to End Teacher Education.

Movements to end teacher education by framing it as irrelevant have deep historical roots and, in recent years, have become quite commonsensical, so much so that even teacher educators struggle to reframe the debate and to make the case for their role in improving public education. This article examines three ways that social movements have worked to stratify public education over the past century, with each movement experiencing an ideological shift in response to the civil rights movements of the mid-1900s. The case of Chicago is presented as a starting point. Three theoretical lenses help to differentiate what are really overlapping movements—namely, neoliberalism, Christian fundamentalism, and neoconservatism—that make attacks on public education and teacher education seem like “common sense.” Implications for reframing teacher education conclude the article.
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is not critical to whey-induced satiety, but may have a unique role in energy intake regulation through cholecystokinin (CCK)

Abstract Background Whey protein is more satiating than other protein types, including casein. We hypothesized that enhanced satiety with whey protein is related to glycomacropeptide (GMP) content, a stimulator of cholecystokinin (CCK). Objectives To investigate the role of GMP in whey protein-induced satiety, as measured by subjective satiety, CCK release and food intake at a test meal in healthy weight men and women. Design In a within-subjects design, twenty subjects (n = 10 men, 10 women) consumed 1 of 4 preload shakes (300 mL, 1 MJ), 1 week apart. Preloads differed by protein source and content: Whey; whey protein isolate, Whey (−)GMP; whey protein without GMP, Control; low protein, GMP; GMP isolate. Protein energy of preloads was 44, 44, 2 and 3%, respectively. Subjective satiety and CCK were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 105 min post-preload consumption. A lunch test meal was provided at 75 min. Food records were completed weekly. Results Pre-meal satiety was greater after whey protein preloads compared to Control and GMP preloads in women, but no difference was evident in men (sex by preload, p Conclusions GMP alone is not critical in pre-meal whey-induced satiety; however, it may have a unique role in compensatory intake regulation managing daily energy intake.
Response plasticity of neurons in auditory cortex of the rhesus monkey.

Auditory-evoked responses in single neurons from rhesus monkey auditory cortex were measured under four relatively well defined behavioral and physiological conditions: (1) monkey awake and performing a simple auditory reaction time task; (2) monkey awake but not performing a task (State A); (3) monkey in a drowsy or Stage 1 sleep state (State B); and (4) monkey anesthetized with a short-acting nonbarbiturate anesthetic. For most units studied the response evoked by the auditory stimulus was greater in the performance condition than in the nonperformance condition. Similarly, evoked activity was usually greater in State A than in State B. Finally, evoked responses under anesthesia were usually weaker than those obtained in the unanesthetized animal. Some exceptions were noted in each case. Differences in response patterns and in rate versus intensity functions of neurons were also found to be associated with the behavioral and physiological state of the preparation. No significant changes in unit spontaneous activity associated with changes in behavioral or physiological condition were observed.
The role of the epidemiologist in natural disasters

Natural disasters continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural disaster epidemiology has led not only to the scientific measurement and description of disaster-associated health effects, but also to strategies for preventing adverse health consequences and improving post-impact health care delivery. Results of epidemiologic studies of natural disasters provide clues to diagnosis, help medical care providers match resources to needs, and permit better contingency planning. Well-documented medical records are an essential resource for disaster epidemiologists. Cooperation between health care personnel and epidemiologists can help lessen the public health impacts of natural disasters.
Development of a low-temperature 3He compressor for superfluid 3He–4He mixtures

Abstract The development, testing and modeling of a “compressor” that is capable of increasing the concentration of the 3He component of a liquid superfluid 3He–4He mixture is discussed. This compressor was developed to drive refrigeration cycles for cooling below 1 K. The compressor design and performance testing is described in detail. The compressor was operated at 1.2 K and 3He molar flow rates of 130 μmol/s were achieved. Compression ratios in excess of 6 were also demonstrated. The theoretical models presented are used to estimate the expected efficiencies of the compressor as well as the effect of the 4He component on the power required to drive the compressor.
Depth, Perception, and Action: Past, Present, and Future

This paper examines how images of depth are employed in the psychoanalytic literature and how they illuminate or obfuscate. It examines as well the price of using familiar terminologies to introduce new ideas, a practice more common in psychoanalysis than in many other disciplines. By obscuring the differences between old ideas and new through using the same terminology for both, the sense of adherence and belonging to the psychoanalytic community is enhanced but the ability to see fully the new possibilities for theory and practice to which these new ideas point is constrained. In elaborating on this point, the paper also considers the differences between a past-centered, archaeological model and a model in which older patterns are perpetuated through their repeated consequences, both intended and unintended. In such a model both action and perception are taken into account, as the aim of analysis becomes not just the patient’s internal world but her lived life.
Child health psychology: Emerging responsibilities of the pediatric health psychologist

Abstract Child health psychology is an emerging discipline. Emerging, according to Webster's Dictionary, means “to come forth into view; become visible” and “to evolve as something new, improved, etc. ” Both of these definitions aptly describe the current state of child health psychology, and will be used to frame this discussion. As the basis upon which to evaluate the articles which follow, we will describe: 1) the successes of medicine and the resultant context of contemporary medical care that have provided the opportunity and necessity for the development of child health psychology; 2) the knowledge base and responsibilities of the clinical psychologist which are necessary for practice in the health care setting; and 3) the complementary role of the psychological practitioner in the evaluation and management of children with chronic disease.
Algérie, chroniques d'une expérience postcoloniale de modernisation

Algerie, chroniques d'une experience postcoloniale de modernisation, by Lahouari Addi, Algiers, Editions Barzakh, 2012, 334 pp., DA 700 (paperback), ISBN 978-9947-851-99-9 Trained in sociology and ...
Intrathecal anti-tetanus serum (ATS) and parenteral betamethasone in the treatment of tetanus

217 cases of tetanus admitted to Christian Medical College and Brown Memorial Hospital, Ludhiana, from June 1977 to April 1980 were studied. Three treatment regimes were used during this period. The addition of intrathecal horse antitetanus serum (ATS) (Group II) to the routine treatment (Group I) reduced the mortality from 63% to 53% but this was not statistically significant. Following a further addition of parenteral betamethasone to the regimen (Group III) the mortality decreased to 27% which was significantly lower than in Groups I and II. A similar trend in mortality was demonstrated when the severe cases were analysed separately. Groups I and III were comparable in terms of various prognostic factors and the nursing care received but Group II had a higher incidence of unfavourable prognostic factors, which may have obscured the benefit of intrathecal ATS. The combination of parenteral betamethasone and intrathecal ATS seems to be beneficial in the treatment of tetanus.
Optical dielectric function of high-stage potassium graphite intercalation compounds: Experiment and theory.

Optical reflectance of the stage-2--4 graphite potassium intercalation compounds in the range 0.2--6 eV has been measured and the experimental dielectric functions have been derived from Kramers-Kronig analyses. The parameters of a two-dimensional tight-binding model Hamiltonian are obtained by comparison of the calculated interband dielectric function with the experimental data. Good agreement between experiment and the model is obtained. Narrow peaks associated with low-energy interband transitions between graphitic ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ conduction bands observed in the third- and fourth-stage compounds are found to occur at photon energies approximately equal to the difference in electrostatic potential energy between bounding and interior carbon layers. A simple k dependence of the nearest-neighbor carbon transfer integral parameter ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}$ is introduced to the model Hamiltonian to obtain quantitative agreement with \ensuremath{\sim}4.6 eV interband spectral feature associated with the M points in a graphitic hexagonal Brillouin zone. The c-axis charge distribution, density of states at the Fermi level, and the extremal Fermi cross-sectional areas are also calculated and compared with values obtained from NMR, specific-heat, and de Haas--van Alphen experiments.
Gustatory habituation to deterrent allelochemicals in a herbivore: concentration and compound specificity

The stimulus specificity of habituation was examined in the gustatory system of a polyphagous grasshopper, Schistocera americana. Gustatory habituation is thought to be an important mechanism in herbivores for inhibiting taste-rejection of foods containing allelochemicals at deterrent but non-toxic concentrations. Experiment 1 determined taste threshold concentrations for three deterrent alkaloids (lobeline, nicotine, and hyoscyamine). Experiment 2 examined the concentration specificity of gustatory habituation by pre-exposing (via the diet) grasshoppers to the taste threshold concentration of one alkaloid for 3 days, and then assessing their taste responsiveness (as indicated by meal duration during an acceptability test) to the same alkaloid at either the taste threshold or a supra-threshold concentration. Compared to grasshoppers pre-exposed to a control diet, those pre-exposed to a diet containing one of the alkaloids were significantly less responsive to (1) the taste threshold concentration of the same alkaloid, and (2) the supra-threshold concentration of the same alkaloid in all cases except lobeline. Experiment 3 explored the compound specificity of gustatory habituation by pre-exposing grasshoppers to the taste threshold concentration of one alkaloid, and then assessing their taste responsiveness to taste threshold concentrations of the two other (i.e. novel) alkaloids. Whereas habituation to hyoscyamine generalized to nicotine and lobeline, that to lobeline generalized to nicotine but not hyoscyamine, and that to nicotine failed to generalize to either novel alkaloid. Thus, habituating to a deterrent compound can have complex and asymmetric effects on a grasshopper's gustatory responsiveness to higher concentrations of the same compound and/or to threshold concentrations of novel deterrent compounds.