cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum progesterone trend after day of transfer predicts live birth in fresh IVF cycles

Our objective was to determine if a change in serum P4 from day of transfer (defined as day 19) to day 28 could predict live birth outcome in patients undergoing IVF. This study was a retrospective analysis of fresh IVF cycles from 2010 to 2013 at a single center. Primary outcomes include raw and percent change in serum P4, live birth rate, missed abortion, and biochemical pregnancies. Our results showed an association between live birth rate and percent change in P4. Patients with a 10% or greater drop in serum P4 from day 19 to day 28 had a lower live birth rate, at 26 versus 63%. Interestingly, both groups had “normal” serum P4 levels on day 19, but patients with a 10% or greater drop had lower P4 levels than their counterparts. There was no association between percent P4 change and spontaneous abortion or biochemical pregnancy. This is the first study to show that percent drop in serum P4 from day of transfer to day 28 is associated with decreased rates of live birth and ongoing pregnancy in fresh IVF cycles, even despite “high or normal” P4 levels on day of transfer.
KCNQ-SMIT complex formation facilitates ion channel-solute transporter cross talk

Voltage-gated potassium channels formed by KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are essential for normal neuronal excitability. KCNQ2/3 channel activity is augmented in vivo by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which is generated from myo-inositol, an osmolyte transported into cells by sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporters (SMITs). Here, we discovered that KCNQ2/3 channels isoform-specifically colocalize with SMIT1 and SMIT2 at sciatic nerve nodes of Ranvier and in axon initial segments, and form channel-transporter complexes in vitro and in vivo KCNQ2/3 coexpression protected SMIT1 activity from the otherwise inhibitory effects of cellular depolarization imposed by elevating extracellular [K+], and KCNQ2 was required for potentiation of SMIT activity by myo-inositol preincubation. Cytoskeletal disruption, which speeds PIP2 dispersion, attenuated potentiation of KCNQ2/3 currents by SMIT1-mediated myo-inositol uptake, suggesting close channel-transporter juxtaposition ensures KCNQ2/3 exposure to locally high myo-inositol-derived PIP2 concentrations. Thus, KCNQ2/3-SMIT1/2 coassembly permits cross talk via physical interaction, and may also be required for optimal, reciprocal indirect regulation via membrane potential and PIP2, especially within the specialized architecture of axons.-Neverisky, D. L., Abbott, G. W. KCNQ-SMIT complex formation facilitates ion channel-solute transporter cross talk.
Inequality in healthcare costs between residing and non-residing patients: evidence from Vietnam.

Place of residence has been shown to impact health. To date, however, previous studies have only focused on the variability in health outcomes and healthcare costs between urban and rural patients. This study takes a different approach and investigates cost inequality facing non-residing patients – patients who do not reside in the regions in which the hospitals are located. Understanding the sources for this inequality is important, as they are directly related to healthcare accessibility in developing countries. The causal impact of residency status on individual healthcare spending is documented with a quasi-experimental design. The propensity score matching method is applied to a unique patient-level dataset (n = 900) collected at public general and specialist hospitals across North Vietnam. Propensity score matching shows that Vietnamese patients who do not reside in the regions in which the hospitals are located are expected to pay about 15 million Vietnamese dongs (approximately 750 USD) more than those who do, a sizable gap, given the distribution of total healthcare costs for the overall sample. This estimate is robust to alternative matching specifications. The obtained discrepancy is empirically attributable to the differences in three potential contributors, namely spending on accompanying relatives, “courtesy funds,” and days of hospitalization. The present study finds that there is significant inequality in healthcare spending between residing and non-residing patients at Vietnamese hospitals and that this discrepancy can be partially explained by both institutional and non-institutional factors. These factors signal practical channels through which policymakers can improve healthcare accessibility.
Pesticide poisonings reported by Florida citrus fieldworkers.

Abstract In a 1981 survey of 1811 Florida citrus fieldworkers, 25 pesticide related poisoning incidents involving 29 fieldworkers were reported. Suspected poisonings were categorized into possible and confirmed poisonings, and from these reports it was possible to project an estimated 438 possible poisonings, and 73 confirmed poisonings among all citrus fieldworkers. Confirmed pesticide poisonings were developed into an incidence rate of 34 poisonings per 10,000 permanent and semi‐permanent fieldworkers. The number of possible and confirmed poisonings, for all fieldworkers, was then developed into an incidence rate of 160 poisonings per 10,000 fieldworkers.
Pathology of Tumors of Liver in Infancy and Childhood

Tumors of the liver in infancy and childhood are comparatively rare and because of their frequently unusual histologic appearance have been designated by various terms. This has led to considerable confusion in terminology and, in the case of malignant tumors, because of their unfavorable outlook has led to a feeling of futility
The voices of youth formerly in foster care: Perspectives on educational attainment gaps

Abstract As a population, youth who experience foster care graduate from high school at rates well below their non-foster care peers (National Working Group for Foster Care & Education, 2014). A Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) study was conducted to better understand the perspective of former foster youth on the graduation gap and their experience in school. Analysis of focus group data revealed one overarching domain, emotional consequences , as well as seven additional domains that related to youths' experiences surrounding their educational attainment: resilience, basic needs, internalized messages about education, educational stability, consequences of school mobility, fastest or easiest positive exit from K-12, and recommendations from youth. This research highlights the challenges faced by 16 former foster youth, their perspectives regarding the need to raise expectations, and their suggestions for closing the educational attainment gap.
Salate derivatives found in sunscreens block experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

UV light suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, in mice and may be responsible for the decreased incidence of MS in equatorial regions. To test this concept further, we applied commercially available sunblock preparations to mice before exposing them to UV radiation. Surprisingly, some of the sunblock preparations blocked EAE without UV radiation. Furthermore, various sunblock preparations had variable ability to suppress EAE. By examining the components of the most effective agents, we identified homosalate and octisalate as the components responsible for suppressing EAE. Thus, salates may be useful in stopping the progression of MS, and may provide new insight into mechanisms of controlling autoimmune disease.
Improving Biopharmaceutical Safety through Verification-Based Quality Control

Biopharmaceuticals and small-molecule drugs have different approval pathways but the same quality control (QC) paradigm, where the quality of released but untested units is inferred from that of tested but destroyed units. This inference-based QC will likely miss rare prerelease defects, and defects emerging after product release. The likelihood for such defects is heightened for biopharmaceuticals due to their complexity, which makes manufacturing errors more likely, and fragility, which makes postrelease damage more likely. To improve biopharmaceutical safety, we suggest transitioning their QC from inference- to verification-based practice by developing inspection technologies that can nondestructively verify the quality of every vial from the point of release to the point of care. One candidate, water proton NMR (wNMR), is briefly discussed.
Mitosis sans Mitosis: The Mitotic Oscillator in Differentiation

Differentiation and proliferation are usually considered to be antagonistic partners in development. However, in a recent issue of Science, Al Jord et al. (2017) show that key regulators of the mitotic cycle are redeployed in differentiating multiciliated cells to promote ciliogenesis without mitotic progression.
Spectrum of abnormalities of sympathetic tyrosine hydroxylase and alpha-synuclein in chronic autonomic failure.

Lewy body forms of primary chronic autonomic failure (CAF) such as incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and pure autonomic failure evolving into dementia with Lewy bodies (PAF+DLB) feature cardiac sympathetic denervation, whereas multiple system atrophy (MSA) in most cases does not. What links Lewy bodies with cardiac sympathetic denervation in CAF? In familial PD, abnormalities of the alpha-synuclein (AS) gene cause CAF and cardiac sympathetic denervation; and in sporadic PD, brainstem Lewy bodies contain AS co-localized with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of catecholaminergic neurons. Cytotoxicity from AS deposition within sympathetic neurons might explain noradrenergic denervation in Lewy body forms of CAF. We used immunofluorescence microscopy (IM) to explore this possibility in sympathetic ganglia obtained at autopsy from CAF patients. Immunoreactive AS and TH were imaged in sympathetic ganglion tissue from 6 control subjects (2 with ILBD), 5 PD patients (1 with concurrent PSP), and 3 patients with CAF (2 PAF + DLB, 1 MSA). MSA involved normal ganglionic TH and no AS deposition. In ILBD TH was variably decreased, and TH and AS were co-localized in Lewy bodies. In PD TH was substantially decreased, and TH and AS were co-localized in Lewy bodies. In PAF + DLB TH was virtually absent, but AS was present in Lewy bodies. The PD + PSP patient had AS co-localized with tau but not TH. Sympathetic denervation and intraneuronal AS deposition are correlated across CAF syndromes, consistent with a pathogenic contribution of synucleinopathy to cardiac noradrenergic deficiency in Lewy body diseases.
Auditory enhancement and other context effects in normal, impaired, and electric hearing

Neal Viemeister’s contributions to our understanding of auditory enhancement stood out because they combined novel and intriguing empirical data with a testable theoretical framework to explain the results. Thirty-five years later, the resultant “adaptation of inhibition” hypothesis remains the default explanation for auditory enhancement effects, and it can be used to account for both basic auditory context effects as well as speech context effects. Recent work in our lab has focused on comparing speech and non-speech context effects in people with normal and impaired hearing, as well as cochlear implants, in an attempt to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms and to work towards compensating for any loss of context effects in clinical populations via signal processing. This presentation will provide a survey of recent progress in this area with examples from simultaneous masking, forward masking, and speech discrimination experiments. [Work supported by NIH grant R01DC012262.]
Malone antegrade continence enema: Is cecal imbrication essential?

Summary Introduction The Malone antegrade continence enema (MACE) procedure is effective in management of fecal incontinence and intractable constipation. Stomal incontinence and stenosis are the most common issues reported, and a recent large study of imbricated MACE procedures reports a surgical revision rate of 17%. The laparoscopic approach is now widely used and precludes imbrication. To date, few studies have reported revision rates in these patients who have undergone non-imbricated MACE creation. Objective Our goal was to report the long-term outcomes of our non-imbricated patients focusing on complication rates and need for revision. Study design Records of patients younger than 18 years of age who underwent non-imbricated MACE between January 2000 and March 2016 at our institution were reviewed. Patients with less than 2 years of follow-up or non-compliance with MACE usage were excluded from analysis. Patient age, ambulatory status, surgical technique, stomal site, and complications including stomal leakage, stomal stenosis, and need for revision were evaluated. Stomal leakage was classified based on our previously reported system. Results A total of 81 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age at time of surgery was 8.4 years. Mean and median follow-up were 6.7 and 6.7 years, respectively. Overall revision rate, for stenosis or incontinence, was 16% with a mean time to any revision of 2.1 years (range 28 days to 7.8 years). Four patients required revision for stomal incontinence while others improved spontaneously without intervention. At the last follow-up, stomal leakage was grade 0 in 93.8% of patients, grade 2 in 2.4%, and grade 3a in 3.7% ( summary Table ). Stomal stenosis was noted in 11 patients, eight of whom required revision. Discussion Our study is limited by its retrospective nature with some component of recall bias. A single surgeon experience is also not representative of others' experiences. However, our results indicate that incontinence improves spontaneously in a majority of patients without need for revision in this non-imbricated cohort. Conclusions Our series shows a similar long-term revision rate in line with that reported in the literature. While imbrication is still recommended during open surgery when the anatomy is suitable, equitable success without imbrication supports the laparoscopic approach and a more liberal approach during open surgery if the anatomy does not permit imbrication. Table . Stomal continence. Grade 0 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3a Grade 3b Initial classification 55.6% 18.5% 6.2% 14.8% 4.9% Final classification 93.8% – 2.4% 3.7% –
Rendering specular microgeometry with wave optics

Simulation of light reflection from specular surfaces is a core problem of computer graphics. Existing solutions either make the approximation of providing only a large-area average solution in terms of a fixed BRDF (ignoring spatial detail), or are specialized for specific microgeometry (e.g. 1D scratches), or are based only on geometric optics (which is an approximation to more accurate wave optics). We design the first rendering algorithm based on a wave optics model that is also able to compute spatially-varying specular highlights with high-resolution detail on general surface microgeometry. We compute a wave optics reflection integral over the coherence area; our solution is based on approximating the phase-delay grating representation of a micron-resolution surface heightfield using Gabor kernels. We found that the appearance difference between the geometric and wave solution is more dramatic when spatial detail is taken into account. The visualizations of the corresponding BRDF lobes differ significantly. Moreover, the wave optics solution varies as a function of wavelength, predicting noticeable color effects in the highlights. Our results show both single-wavelength and spectral solution to reflection from common everyday objects, such as brushed, scratched and bumpy metals.
Sierra Leone's Vision of Prosperity: Overcoming Constraints to Diversification and Growth

Sierra Leone’s long term development aspirations and plans are defined in the country's third, 2013-2017, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) better known as the “Agenda for Prosperity”. This piece attempts to reconcile such aspirations with quantifiable, welfare-related indicators in order to measure what would it take to reach desired standards of living over a 25-year period span. Acknowledging the authorities’ desire of moving into a sustained, more inclusive growth path, by means of diversifying Sierra Leonean production base and exportable basket, adding value to natural resource based commodities, and promoting, whenever possible, an increase of local content into different production processes, this report attempts to help uncover binding constraints to private investment and entrepreneurship, in such a way, that policy priorities are pinpointed in the Agenda.
An empirical test of the mass effect determinant of species richness

The mass effect determinant of species richness proposed by Shmida & Wilson (1985) was empirically tested at the interface of undisturbed, native vegetation with recovering vegetation on a reclaimed surface mine. The observed decrease in native species richness with distance away from the source area was consistent with the predicted pattern based on Shmida & Wilson's (1985) model.
Modelling Behavioral Decisions of Insects

Many problems in animal behavior can be viewed as dynamic control problems. In this paper, the dynamic viewpoint is used to analyze certain behavioral decisions of insects, in particular oviposition site selection and clutch size. The theory is motivated by work on parasitic wasps and fruit parasitic insects--particularly apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) and medfly (Ceratitis capitata). The theory presented in this paper is based on Markovian decision processes in either discrete or continuous time. In these decision processes, the objective functional is a measure of fitness obtained through egg production. The paper closes with some speculations about how insects may be able to solve dynamic programming problems.
Preovulatory exposure to a protein-restricted diet disrupts amino acid kinetics and alters mitochondrial structure and function in the rat oocyte and is partially rescued by folic acid

Detrimental exposures during pregnancy have been implicated in programming offspring to develop permanent changes in physiology and metabolism, increasing the risk for developing diseases in adulthood such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and obesity. This study investigated the effects of protein restriction on the metabolism of amino acids within the oocyte, liver, and whole organism in a rat model as well as effects on mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in the cumulus oocyte complex. Wistar outbred female rats 8–11 weeks of age (n = 24) were assigned to three isocaloric dietary groups, including control (C), low protein (LP) and low protein supplemented with folate (LPF). Animals were superovulated and 48 h later underwent central catheterization. Isotopic tracers of 1-13C-5C2H3-methionine, 2H2-cysteine, U-13C3-cysteine and U-13C3-serine were administered by a 4 h prime-constant rate infusion. After sacrifice, oocytes were denuded of cumulus cells and liver specimens were obtained. Oocytes demonstrated reduced serine flux in LP vs. LPF (p < 0.05), reduced cysteine flux in LP and LPF vs. C (p < 0.05), and a trend toward reduced transsulfuration in LP vs. C and LPF. Folic acid supplementation reversed observed effects on serine flux and transsulfuration. Preovulatory protein restriction increased whole-body methionine transmethylation, methionine transsulfuration and the flux of serine in LP and LPF vs. C (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, p = 0.005). The concentration of glutathione was increased in erythrocytes and liver in LP and LPF vs. C (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0003). Oocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure in LP and LPF had increased proportions of abnormal mitochondria vs. C (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Cumulus cell mitochondrial ultrastructure in LP and LPF groups had increased proportions of abnormal mitochondria vs. C (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Preovulatory protein restriction altered oocyte expression of Drp1, Opa-1, Mfn1/2, Parl and Ndufb6 (p < 0.05) and Hk2 (p < 0.01), which are genes involved in mitochondrial fission (division) and fusion, mitochondrial apoptotic mechanisms, respiratory electron transport and glucose metabolism. Preovulatory protein restriction resulted in altered amino acid metabolism, abnormal cumulus oocyte complex mitochondrial ultrastructure and differential oocyte expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis.
Teaching students with special needs: International trends in school capacity and the need for teacher professional development

Abstract Although educational opportunities have improved worldwide for children with disabilities, there are concerns about the preparation of teachers working with this student population. Using secondary data on 121,173 teachers from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013, this independent study examined the professional development needs of teachers in special education. Results show teachers in classrooms with a high percentage of students with special needs are likely to have the least qualifications and greatest professional development need. The shortage of teachers with special education competency and current professional development needs of teachers have policy implications for educating children with disabilities.
Attitude Toward Own Aging Among Older Adults: Implications for Cancer Prevention.

Author(s): Martin, A'verria; Eglit, Graham ML; Maldonado, Yadira; Daly, Rebecca; Liu, Jinyuan; Tu, Xin; Jeste, Dilip V | Abstract: Background and objectivesNegative age stereotypes can become internalized and contribute to lower levels of physical and mental well-being in older adults, including those with serious illnesses. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationships of attitude toward own aging (ATOA) with health outcomes after controlling for resilience among older cancer survivors and comparison subjects without cancer, aged 50 years or older.MethodsWe examined data in 1,140 adults from the Successful Aging Evaluation (SAGE) study, a structured multi-cohort investigation of community-based adults selected using random digit dialing. There were 219 participants with cancer (excluding skin cancer) and 912 without cancer. ATOA was assessed with the Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale, and its relationship with measures of physical, cognitive, and mental health, as well as resilience was evaluated.ResultsIndividuals with cancer reported slightly more pessimistic ATOA than individuals without cancer. ATOA correlated with physical and mental health in individuals with and without cancer. Hierarchical linear multiple regression revealed that ATOA contributed significantly to the prediction of physical and mental health after controlling for socio-demographic variables and resilience.Discussion and implicationsHigher levels of positive ATOA appear to be a protective factor for health in older adults, including those with cancer. Interventions that provide education about positive aspects of aging, modify negative automatic thoughts, and promote optimism may be useful for increasing ATOA and thereby improving physical and mental health in older adults, especially those with cancer.
Leading over the Long Run: Rhetorical Consequentialism and Rhetorical Leadership

Because the goals leaders and organizations seek typically require persistent engagement over time, rhetorical leadership has as a central concern the long-term consequences of the leader’s rhetorical choices. Although traditional rhetorical theory downplayed this long-term perspective in favor of the singular rhetorical engagement (such as a speech), rhetorical theorists have begun considering the rhetorical implications of persuasion wrought over the long-run. This essay applies rhetorical consequentialism, a theoretical perspective developed by the author, to explain the orientation and strategies the rhetorical leader must consider in longterm persuasion. Leaders must be concerned about consistency over time to avoid charges of waffl ing, delusion, lying, hypocrisy, and the like if they are to maintain their ethos and that of their organizations. They also should take positive steps to create the symbolic and material conditions for rhetorical success over the long run. The essay describes „constraint avoidance” strategies that limit inconsistencies over time, as well as „stage-setting” strategies that prepare the symbolic and material ground for future rhetorical success. The essay draws examples from American political rhetoric, especially that of Donald Trump, to illuminate these strategies. The essay concludes by considering the challenges and prospects of such strategies.
Poly(propylene fumarate) stars, using architecture to reduce the viscosity of 3D printable resins

Additive manufacturing is changing tissue engineering by offering pathways to otherwise unattainable, highly complex scaffold morphologies. Linear poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) oligomers have demonstrated remarkable properties for 3D printing of porous gyroid scaffolds using continuous digital light processing (cDLP). Nevertheless, the narrow molar mass range with suitable viscosity properties for printing severely limits the printing speed, the breadth of mechanical properties, and the resorption window of the scaffolds. To overcome this constraint, we report the divergent synthesis of four-arm PPF using the sugar-based alcohol meso-erythritol as an initiator. Using a combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), MALDI-ToF spectrometry and viscosity measurements, the well-defined star-shape architecture was confirmed. Subsequently, printable resins based on star PPF were prepared and showed complex viscosity decreasing as the total increases, allowing rapid printing of PPF with nearly eight times larger than the largest linear PPF oligomer printed previously.
Monetary Policy and Currency Variance Risk Premia

I analyze how the stance of monetary policy predicts variance risk premia in the currency market. The stance of US monetary policy predicts currency variance risk premia, after controlling for the stance of the foreign currency’s monetary policy. Contractionary US monetary policy predicts lower currency variance risk premia, consistent with an increase in investor risk aversion. In contrast, the stance of the foreign currency’s monetary policy does not predict currency variance risk premia, after controlling for the stance of US monetary policy.
Derivation and 97% Purification of Human Thyroid Cells From Dermal Fibroblasts

Background: The success in rescuing thyroid deficiency in mice using thyroid cells derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells, together with the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells, has raised the possibility of patient-specific thyroid cell replacement. In this study we demonstrate that human thyroid follicular cells can be derived from human iPSCs and show the ability of highly purified and differentiated cells to secrete thyroid hormone. Research Design and Methods: Human iPSCs were derived from adult skin fibroblasts using RNA reprogramming and differentiated in vitro into thyroid follicular cells by exposure to activin A, ethacridine and TSH as we have previously described for human ES cells. The resulting thyroid cells were then highly purified using double antibody cell sorting. Results: The iPSCs derived from human dermal fibroblasts showed stem cell-like morphologic changes and expressed pluripotent stem cell markers as assessed using qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and FACS analysis. These cells retained their pluripotential characteristics as shown by teratoma formation after murine transplantation. Definitive endoderm cells were induced with activin A and the transcription factor TAZ was significantly induced on ethacridine treatment and translocated to the nucleus. Thyroid transcription factors NKX2-1 and PAX8 were also highly expressed in activin A derived endoderm cells and further induced by ethacridine. Following terminal differentiation with TSH, there was enhanced thyroid follicle formation, high expression of the thyroid specific genes-TG, TPO, TSHR and NIS, and secretion of thyroid hormone (T4) in vitro. Furthermore, we were able to achieve a 97% purification of TSHR+/NIS+ expressing cells after differentiation using a single purification procedure. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that mature adult dermal fibroblasts can be matured into human iPSCs which have the potential to form functional thyroid follicular cells. This lays the groundwork for future person-specific thyroid regenerative therapy.
Signaling networks in inflammatory pathways and risk for suicidal behavior.

Abstract Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in the young adult population, with few biological markers identified thus far to be associated with suicidality. Cytokines (including IL-6 and TNFα) may contribute to increased risk for depression and suicidality. Few studies have examined the associations of cytokine mRNA expression with depression and suicidal ideation and behavior. This study examines these associations and whether cytokine signaling networks differentiate suicide attempters (SA), suicide ideators (SI), and healthy controls (HC). Methods Cytokine pathway marker (CPM; e.g. cytokines and proteins in cytokine signaling pathways) mRNA gene expression in whole blood was examined in suicide attempters (n ​= ​38), suicide ideators (n ​= ​38), and healthy controls (n ​= ​36). Between-group differences in CPM gene expression were examined. We also examined association of the mRNA of these genes with the severity of depression and suicidal ideation. Novel Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) techniques were utilized to examine between-network partial correlation differences in cytokine signaling networks relevant to IL-6 and TNFα signaling pathways. Results The severity of depression symptoms was positively associated with TNFα mRNA levels and negatively associated with IL-10 mRNA levels, but CPM expression was not associated with suicidal ideation severity. There were no between-group differences in CPM markers among healthy controls, SI and SA groups after correcting for multiple comparisons. In network analyses, we found suggestive results of between-group network differences between SI and control groups in gene pairs with IL-6R and STAT3 as common nodes. Discussion In a cohort of suicide attempters and ideators, TNFα and IL-10 mRNA levels appear to be associated with depressive symptomology, consistent with elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, cytokine signaling networks may differentiate suicide ideators from healthy controls based on between-network differences, with differences possibly related to relationships of IL6R or STAT3 with other components of cytokine signaling networks.
Gender Mistrust as a Public Health Crisis: A Preliminary Proposal

There is an increasingly well-documented phenomenon in the United States of gender mistrust between men and women, especially among the socioeconomically vulnerable. It is one of the factors that prevents and breaks down stable, long-term relationships like marriage and the parenting of mutual, marital children. Gender mistrust has negative personal and social effects upon women’s well-being. Of course, it also has negative effects upon the well-being of men, children, and wider society. Each deserves attention. But the subject of this Symposium invites a focus upon women. Gender mistrust (sometimes called “gender distrust”) is the tendency of one sex to negatively characterize the other sex based upon generalized and derogatory stereotypes and biases. I propose that gender mistrust between men and women is a public health crisis and as such, a fit subject for the attention of lawmakers and policymakers. A great deal has been written about gender mistrust from a sociological and psychological perspective, but nothing has treated it under the heading of “public health.”
Chapter 10: An Ideological Analysis of FORPLAY’s Sexy Sports Costumes: “Seductive Speed” as Embodiment of Hegemonic Masculinity

This ideological analysis of FORPLAY’s sexy sports costumes shows how the company upholds hegemonic masculinity in sport.
Political Ideology and Moral Dilemma Judgments: An Analysis Using the CNI Model:

Many real-world dilemmas involve disagreement about whether decisions should follow moral norms in an unconditional manner (deontology) or be based on the consequences for the greater good (utilita...
Cerebral syphilitic gumma presenting with intracranial gumma and pathologic vertebrae fractures.

Abstract A 37-year-old female was admitted with worsening neurologic function. On arrival from an outside hospital, the patient was obtunded and intubated. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed nodular enhancement of the leptomeninges, intracranial osteolytic lesions, and diffuse vasogenic edema causing mass effect. Imaging of the thoracic spine revealed pathologic compression fractures of 4 thoracic vertebrae. On review of the patient's electronic medical record, the patient had previously received treatment for secondary syphilis with intramuscular benzathine penicillin G. Surgical biopsies of the frontal bone and dura showed diffuse, chronic inflammation while a biopsy of the adjacent brain parenchyma revealed replicating spirochetes. The patient was subsequently prescribed dexamethasone and benzathine penicillin G. She regained neurologic function but later signed out against medical advice without completing her treatment regimen.
SWI/SNF senses carbon starvation with a pH-sensitive low complexity sequence

Abstract It is increasingly appreciated that intracellular pH changes are important biological signals. This motivates the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pH-sensing. We determined that a nucleocytoplasmic pH oscillation was required for the transcriptional response to carbon starvation in S. cerevisiae. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a key mediator of this transcriptional response. We found that a glutamine-rich low complexity sequence (QLC) in the SNF5 subunit of this complex, and histidines within this sequence, were required for efficient transcriptional reprogramming during carbon starvation. Furthermore, the SNF5 QLC mediated pH-dependent recruitment of SWI/SNF to a model promoter in vitro. Simulations showed that protonation of histidines within the SNF5 QLC lead to conformational expansion, providing a potential biophysical mechanism for regulation of these interactions. Together, our results indicate that that pH changes are a second messenger for transcriptional reprogramming during carbon starvation, and that the SNF5 QLC acts as a pH-sensor.
Smiling faces on food packages can increase adults' purchase likelihood for children.

Abstract Manufacturers often include smiling faces on food packages, especially those targeted towards children. Prior research suggests that anthropomorphized images in general, and smiling faces in particular, are an effective marketing tool that encourage food choice and consumption among children. However, it is not clear how adult consumers, who often make food purchases for children, respond to smiling faces on packaging when making decisions for a child recipient. The results of four experiments show that food packages with (vs. without) smiling faces activate child-related thoughts which leads to expectations of making a child happy with the food and ultimately greater purchase likelihood for the child recipient. The serial effects of smiling faces on purchase likelihood through child-related thoughts and the expectations of a child's emotional reaction are robust to an array of products with more and less appealing flavors. Further, a smile line in the absence of eyes does not catalyze the same serial mechanism. Overall, our findings suggest that marketers should exercise caution when utilizing smiling faces on food packages, especially when packages contain unhealthy foods; and, consumers should be aware of the effects that this seemingly innocent packaging feature can have on their product responses.
Preconditioning high order $$H^2$$ conforming finite elements on triangles

We develop a nonoverlapping Additive Schwarz Preconditioner for the p-version finite element with $$H^2$$ -conforming elements on triangles based on Argyris elements. With a particular choice of basis functions corresponding to the $$C^2$$ degrees of freedom (dofs), we give a preconditioner consisting of eliminating the interior dofs, global solves of the $$C^0$$ and $$C^1$$ vertex dofs, diagonal solves of the $$C^2$$ vertex dofs, and block diagonal solves of the edge dofs. We show that the condition number of the preconditioner system grows at most like $${\mathscr {O}}(1+\log ^3 p)$$ independent of the mesh size h. The analysis permits the use of inexact interior solves which lends itself to a more efficient implementation while maintaining the same $${\mathscr {O}}(1 + \log ^3 p)$$ asymptotic growth of the preconditioned system.
Observed risk of recurrent bleeding and thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background and study aim COVID-19 patients are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) requiring the use of anticoagulation. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is increasingly being reported, complicating the decision to initiate or resume anticoagulation as providers balance the risk of thrombotic disease with the risk of bleeding. Our study aimed to assess rebleeding rates in COVID-19 patients with GIB and determine whether endoscopy reduces these rebleeding events. We also report 30-day VTE and mortality rates. Methods This was a retrospective study evaluating 56 COVID-19 patients with GIB for the following outcomes: 30-day rebleeding rate, 30-day VTE rate, effects of endoscopic intervention on the rate of rebleeding, and 30-day mortality. Results The overall rates of VTE and rebleeding events were 27 % and 41 %, respectively. Rebleeding rates in patients managed conservatively was 42 % compared with 40 % in the endoscopy group. Overall, 87 % of those who underwent invasive intervention resumed anticoagulation vs. 55 % of those managed medically (P = 0.02). The all-cause 30-day mortality and GIB-related deaths were 32 % and 9 %, respectively. Mortality rates between the endoscopic and conservative management groups were not statistically different (25 % vs. 39 %; P = 0.30). Conclusions Although rebleeding rates were similar between the endoscopic and conservative management groups, patients who underwent intervention were more likely to restart anticoagulation. While endoscopy appeared to limit the duration that anticoagulation was withheld, larger studies are needed to further characterize its direct effect on mortality outcomes in these complex patients.
Chilled irrigation for control of temperature elevation during ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy: in vivo porcine model.

Introduction Multiple studies have shown significant heating of fluid within the urinary collecting system with high-power laser settings. Elevated fluid temperatures may cause thermal injury and tissue damage unless appropriately mitigated. A previous in vitro study demonstrated that chilled (4 °C) irrigation slowed temperature rise, decreased plateau temperature, and lowered thermal dose during laser activation with high-power settings. We sought to evaluate the thermal effects of chilled, room temperature, and warmed irrigation during ureteroscopy with laser activation in an in vivo porcine model. Materials and methods Seven female Yorkshire cross pigs (45-55 kg) were anesthetized and positioned supine. Retrograde ureteroscopy was performed with a thermocouple affixed 5 mm from the distal end of the ureteroscope. In two pigs a holmium:YAG laser was activated for 60 seconds at irrigation rates of 8 ml/min, 12 ml/min, and 15 ml/min with chilled, room temperature, or warmed irrigation. In five pigs core body temperature was recorded for one hour with or without continuous chilled irrigation at 15 ml/min. Results At irrigation rates ≥ 12 ml/min, temperature curves appeared uniformly offset, warmed > room temperature > chilled irrigation. The threshold of thermal tissue injury was reached during laser activation for all irrigation temperatures at 8 ml/min. The threshold was not reached with chilled irrigation at 12 ml/min or 15 ml/min, or with room temperature irrigation at 15 ml/min. The threshold was exceeded at all irrigation rates with warmed irrigation. There was no significant change in core body temperature after delivering chilled irrigation at 15 ml/min compared with no irrigation for 60 minutes. Conclusion Irrigation with chilled saline solution during ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy slows temperature rise, lowers peak temperature, and lengthens the time to thermal injury compared to irrigation with room temperature or warmed saline solutions. Core body temperature was not significantly impacted by chilled irrigation.
Interpersonal communication outcomes of a media literacy alcohol prevention curriculum

Media literacy intervention efficacy literature has focused on media-relevant (e.g., knowledge and realism) and behavior-relevant outcomes (e.g., attitudes and behaviors), without much attention paid to interpersonal communication outcomes. This project examined interpersonal communication after participation in two versions (analysis plus analysis and analysis plus planning) of the Youth Message Development (YMD) intervention, a brief media literacy curriculum targeted at preventing high school student alcohol use. Participants attended a 75-mins media literacy YMD workshop and completed a delayed posttest questionnaire 3 to 4 months later. Overall, 68 % participants replied affirmatively to interpersonal communication about the YMD intervention. Communication about the workshop moderated the effects of the type of workshop (analysis plus analysis or analysis plus planning) on self-efficacy to counter-argue (but not critical thinking). Interpersonal communication moderated the effects of the YMD intervention on self-efficacy to counter-argue, thereby signaling the importance of including interpersonal communication behaviors in intervention evaluation.
Treatment of Comorbid Anxiety and Disruptive Behavior in Youth

Comorbid disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) in youth with anxiety disorders may be particularly problematic for children and their families with regard to functional impairment and treatment outcomes. Although understudied, phenomenology and hypotheses of the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and DBD are discussed. Further, research has shown that anxious youth with comorbid DBD have attenuated treatment response; reasons for this are presented. In light of this, several treatment approaches are provided and illuminated by a case study.
Multiple Trichoepitheliomas and Basal Cell Carcinomas: A Novel Syndrome?

We present a case of a sixty-one-year-old Hispanic man with multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Facial papules and nodules appeared around age five, increasing in number with age. Two BCCs were diagnosed and treated elsewhere, one of which prompted enucleation of the left eye and radiation therapy to that area at age fifty. Physical examination showed nodules (0.5 to 2.5 cm in size) on the scalp, face, ears, arms and the upper back. Biopsies from such tumors demonstrated three histological patterns: pure trichoepithelioma, trichoepithelioma with unequivocal BCC, and basaloid neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis. The trichoepithelioma shows the typical pattern: hair papillae, cystic, retiform basaloid cells and abundant stroma. The BCCs, which were often admixed with the trichoepitheliomas, were nodular type with peripheral palisading, stromal retraction, central confluent necrosis and adenoid features. The basaloid neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis showed cords and nests of basaloid cells without follicular differentiation. Immunohistochemically BCC’s areas showed more uniform and stronger staining for BCL-2 than in trichoepithelioma though the latter showed papillary mesenchymal staining. No significant difference was observed for Ber-EP4 and CD34. We conclude this may represent a unique malignant degeneration or a contiguous gene syndrome.
Quantitative comparison of coronary artery flow and myocardial perfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the presence and absence of recent cocaine use.

Background: Numerous factors have been im- plicated in the pathogenesis of cocaine associated my- ocardial infarction (CAMI). However, the relative con- tributions each of these mechanisms provide to the pathogenesis of CAMI have not been well defined. We hy- pothesized that significant angiographic differences ex- ist between CAMI patients vs thrombotic AMI patients (TAMI) and normal controls. Methods: The TIMI Flow Grade, corrected TIMI Frame Count (CTFC), TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade (TMPG), presence of triple-vessel disease, stenosis severity, and presence of angiographically apparent thrombus were compared in patients who sustained CAMI to TAMI patients and normal controls. Results: 2,495 angiograms were analyzed (CAMI = 57, TAMI = 2,403, Controls = 35). Impairment in both epi- cardial and microvascular flow in patients with CAMI was intermediate between TAMI and controls. Com- pared to TAMI patients, CAMI patients were less likely to have 3 vessel disease (8.9% vs. 19.1%; p < 0.05), epicardial stenosis was less severe (14.9+/−30.2 vs. 72.6+/−18.6; p < 0.0001), less thrombus was present (6.5% vs. 33.1%; p < 0.001) and TIMI grade 3 flow was observed more frequently (76% vs. 59%). Normal TMPG 3 perfusion was significantly impaired in both CAMI and TAMI patients when compared to controls with- out AMI (TMPG 3 was 40% and 26.6% vs. 100% re- spectively; p < 0.001 for both). The majority of patients in both AMI groups had diminished or absent tissue level perfusion (TMPG 0 flow, CAMI 53.9 vs. TAMI 56.8%). Conclusions: Both epicardial and microvascular flow is impaired in CAMI. While epicardial flow among CAMI patients is slightly better than TAMI patients, the incidence of little or severely impaired tissue level perfusion is nearly identical. Condensed abstract. Compared to TAMI patients, CAMI patients were less likely to have 3 vessel disease, stenosis, and thrombus. The majority of patients in both AMI groups had diminished or absent tissue level perfusion. While epicardial flow among CAMI patients is slightly better than TAMI patients, the incidence
Aging human erythrocytes. Differential sensitivity of young and old erythrocytes to hemolysis induced by peroxide in the presence of thyroxine.

Abstract Human erythrocytes were separated according to cell age using albumin density gradients. In the presence of glucose (100 mg%), young cells were able to effectively protect themselves against thyroxine-peroxide induced hemolysis; old cells exhibited less protection. Hemolysis in heterogeneous populations is preceded by lipid peroxidation, K+ leak and decreased filtrability of the cells. Hydroxy radical scavengers partially inhibited hemolysis while superoxide dismutase had no effect. It is postulated that the differential sensitivity of young and old erythrocytes to thyroxine-peroxide induced metabolic and morphological alterations may play a role in the recognition and removal of senescent cells from the circulation.
Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage of Arthrobacter globiformis

A bacteriophage which reproduces on Arthrobacter globiformis ATCC 8010 was isolated from soil. This bacteriophage, designated phiAG8010, propagates either in soft agar or broth cultures of the host. Because of a slow adsorption rate, neither the latent period nor burst size was determined. The mature virion belongs to Bradley's group B and exhibits a hexagonal head measuring 69 nm (length) by 60 nm (width) attached to a sheathless tail 120 nm long. The buoyant density of the mature virion is 1.534 g/cm(3). The mature virion contains double-stranded DNA with a buoyant density of 1.722 g/cm(3) (equivalent to 63.3% G + C). Of 14 strains (representing 13 species) of Arthrobacter examined, including A. globiformis ATCC 4336, only A. globiformis ATCC 8010 supported replication of phiAG8010.