cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Is School Violence? An Integrated Definition

In the analysis of school violence, there is a tendency for commentators to define the scope of the problem narrowly. Typically, they focus on interpersonal violence: between students or by students toward their teachers. In this article, it is argued that not only does the complexity of this issue defy such a simplistic framing but dealing with the problem at that level does not go far enough. It fails to address the wider context of school violence, the wider forms of violence in schools, and the important interactive and causal effects arising from the confluence of these forces. What is demanded is an integrated, multilevel definition of the problem that will lead to a multilevel causal analysis and a comprehensive policy response that takes account of the full range of constitutive elements. In this article, the first stage of such an approach is outlined with regard to defining the nature and scope of the problem.
Two-dimensional gel autoradiographic analyses of the effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on protein synthesis in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells.

The steady state synthesis of L-[35S]methionineradiolabeled cellular proteins by two rat osteogenic sarcoma cell lines (G2 and C12) was examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under basal conditions and after 72-h treatments with 10 nM 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or triamcinolone acetonide. Computer analysis resolved 681 spots, with mol wt ranging from 10–105K and isoelectric points ranging from 4.0–8.0. Fourteen spots were abundant (≥2000 parts/million), with the remainder occurring in limited abundance (150–2000 parts/million) in both clones. Only 28 proteins were radiolabeled at significantly different rates by G2 and C12 cells under basal conditions. The high degree of similarity in the identity and relative abundance of proteins synthesized by these distinct subclones suggests that minor changes in the levels of specific intracellular proteins may have major effects on the osteoblastic phenotype. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] or triamcinolone acetonide treatmen...
Self-Selection in the Fixed-Rate Mortgage Market

This paper analyzes the effect of information asymmetry between the lender and the borrower (i.e., the borrower knows how long he will reside in his home, whereas the lender does not) on the borrower's choice among the interest rate-discount points combinations available in the fixed-rate mortgage market. The analysis shows that if the rate-points trade-off of the mortgage menu is either too steep or too flat, then all types of borrowers will choose the same loan contract from the menu. In addition, if the rate-points trade-off is not convex to the origin, then only the contracts with extreme rate-points combinations will be chosen by borrowers; all contracts with intermediate rate-points combinations are redundant and will not be chosen by any borrowers. Intermediate rate-points combination mortgage contracts would be chosen by some borrowers only if the mortgage menu were to provide a self-selection function. Several necessary conditions of a self-selection mortgage menu are depicted.
Geometry and evolution of the San Andreas Fault Zone in northern California

The evolution of the San Andreas fault system is controlled by thermal-mechanical processes associated with the development and evolution of a narrow “slabless window” formed beneath the western edge of North America. This fault zone evolution begins after initiation of transform motion along the plate boundary with the northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction. As a consequence of initial lithospheric structure and the shallow emplacement of asthenospheric mantle, the plate boundary separating the North American and Pacific plates follows a complex three-dimensional geometry which varies through time. Seismic velocity structure, heat flow, seismicity, surface deformation, uplift, and fault development are controlled by the evolving thermal structure in the region after triple junction passage. Thermal-mechanical models have been used to evaluate the fault system's time-varying three-dimensional dynamical behavior, simulating the principal processes involved in the thermal-mechanical evolution of the San Andreas fault system. Results from this modeling indicate that the fault system has essentially a three-stage history. (1) In the vicinity of the Mendocino triple junction the San Andreas fault maps the eastern edge of the Pacific plate, with a broad (∼100 km) zone of asthenospheric mantle separating the Pacific and North American plates in the 25- to 90-km depth range. (2) Between 37°N and ∼39°N the plate boundary (within the mantle) separating the Pacific and North American plates has developed approximately 40–60 km east of the surface trace of the San Andreas fault and lies beneath the Hayward-Calaveras faults and associated faults. The surface trace of the plate boundary appears to be connected to the mantle segment via a lower crust subhorizontal detachment surface. This fault zone orientation produces the surface deformations observed geodetically in the region. (3) South of 37°N the surface fault again overlies the deeper plate boundary, apparently as a result of an eastward jump in the surface fault.
A Reference-Intensive Embedded Librarian Program: Kresge Business Administration Library's Program to Support Action-Based Learning at the Ross School of Business

While a great deal of literature on embedded librarians in academic libraries is focused on the role of instructor, there are many other services that could be provided by librarians working closely with students. The Kresge Business Administration Library (Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan) has created a unique approach to the embedded librarian model by having librarians work directly with in-residence student teams charged with solving “real world” problems through Michigan's signature action-based learning program, MAP (Multidisciplinary Action Program). MAP teams work directly with corporate and nonprofit organizations, and are charged with solving a problem or providing recommendations on very specific aspects of the sponsor's work. This article will describe the Kresge Library's support of MAP and other action-based learning programs at the Ross School of Business, how we work and communicate with MAP teams, examples of research and reference requests from the student...
Are There Lateral as Well as Polar Engines for A-Motile Gliding in Myxobacteria?

Jonathan Hodgkin investigated many motility mutants derived from the same genetically characterized strain of Myxococcus xanthus . Comparisons between mutants revealed two different swarm patterns, indicative of two different gliding engines called engine A and engine S ([10][1], [11][2]). The swarm
Microstructure Evolution during Nanoindentation by the Quasicontinuum Method

A new energy-based quasicontinuum formulation is presented which is based on sampling the crystal energy at carefully-chosen lattice sites and which allows for efficiently bridging from the atomistic to the continuum length scale. The presented technique is applied to experiments of nanoindentation whose microstructure-induced size effects can now be studied with full atomistic detail at the micrometer scale without the necessity of phenomenological material models. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Good Life and the Good Lives of Others

It is well-known that in recent years, alongside the familiar forms of modern ethical theory, such as consequentialism, deontology, and rights theory, there has been a resurgence of interest in what goes by the name of “virtue ethics” — forms of ethical theory which give a prominent status to the virtues, and to the idea that an agent has a “final end” which the virtues enable her to achieve. With this has come an increase of theoretical (as opposed to antiquarian) interest in ancient ethical theories, particularly Aristotle's, an interest which has made a marked difference in the way ethics is pursued in the Anglo-Saxon and European intellectual worlds.In this essay, I shall not be discussing modern virtue ethics, which is notably protean in form and difficult to pin down. I shall be focusing on ancient eudaimonistic ethical theories, for in their case we can achieve a clearer discussion of the problem I wish to discuss (a problem which arises also for modern versions of virtue ethics which hark back to the ancient theories in their form).
On the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal disease and progressive renal failure: A first step to improve the outcomes

Hundreds of thousands of individuals are alive today because of the availability of dialysis for the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). From the outset, it was evident that this was a costly therapy and would require specialized training. The federal government responded by providing financial support and medicine by establishing the discipline of nephrology to provide specialized training. As a result, the center stage that ESRD has come to occupy was dictated by a successful treatment in the purview of a new discipline by a model and well-intentioned, but restrictive, law that provided support only to the terminal stage of kidney disease. That this natural evolution was short-sighted has become a belated, but well-deserved, focus of attention. The care of chronic renal disease (CRD) patients cannot start after the onset of ESRD when renal replacement therapy is initiated but must be set into motion when renal failure first begins to exert its detrimental effects on the metabolic balance, function, and structure of the body. Attentive care is needed throughout the course of progressive renal failure, because once CRD begins to progress, there is an increasing number of detrimental consequences whose cumulative burden will exert its ravages on the body simultaneously with that of the ongoing loss of renal function. Consequently, the patient with CRD who presents in ESRD has already sustained considerable, often irreversible, loss of body function. Preventive measures to circumvent this eventuality are most effective, cost-efficient, and of greatest benefit when instituted early in the course of progressive CRD. This is probably truest of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality of patients on dialysis and following transplantation. The report of the National Kidney Foundation Task Force on Cardiovascular Disease in CRD is a first attempt to promulgate and provide evidence-based recommendations for this holistic approach to the care of patients with renal disease.
"Smart" Microfluidic Preconcentration of Specific Biomolecules

We present a device for selective extraction, concentration and release of metabolic molecules using ribonucleic acid (RNA) aptamers. The device consists of microfabricated PDMS channels on a glass substrate including a micro-chamber packed with an aptamer stationary phase. Features include: extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of adenosine monophosphate (model analyte); sufficiently low temperature release and regeneration at 32.5degC (safe for thermally sensitive target analytes and functionalized surfaces); and extensive reuse. In addition, aptamer is active in aqueous solution eliminating the required use of potentially harsh solvents and reagents.
First Records of Crane Fly Subgenus Emodotipula Alexander (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula) from Taiwan and Thailand, With Description of New Species

ABSTRACT Two new species of crane flies in the genus Tipula Linnaeus, 1758, subgenus Emodotipula Alexander, 1966 (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipulinae), are described from Taiwan and Thailand. Tipula (Emodotipula) lishanensis, new species, is the first representative of the subgenus known from Taiwan and is closely related to Tipula (Emodotipula) thailandica , new species, here described as the first species of that subgenus from Thailand based on characters of external male genitalia and on DNA-sequence comparisons. Illustrations of the diagnostic morphological features of the new species are provided.
Age, Sexual Dimorphism, and Disease Associations in the Developing Human Fetal Lung Transcriptome

The fetal origins of disease hypothesis suggests that variations in the course of prenatal lung development may affect life-long pulmonary function growth, decline, and pathobiology. Many studies support the existence of differences in the developing lung trajectory in males and females, and sex-specific differences in the prevalence of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the early developing fetal lung for transcriptomic correlates of postconception age (maturity) and sex, and their associations with chronic lung diseases. We analyzed whole-lung transcriptome profiles of 61 females and 78 males at 54-127 days postconception (dpc) from nonsmoking mothers using unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised linear regression models. We identified dominant transcriptomic correlates for postconception age and sex with corresponding gene sets that were enriched for developing lung structural and functional ontologies. We observed that the transcriptomic sex difference was not a uniform global time shift/lag, rather, lungs of males appear to be more mature than those of females before 96 dpc, and females appear to be more mature than males after 96 dpc. The age correlate gene set was consistently enriched for asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia genes, but the sex correlate gene sets were not. Despite sex differences in the developing fetal lung transcriptome, postconception age appears to be more dominant than sex in the effect of early fetal lung developments on disease risk during this early pseudoglandular phase of development.
Mixing in Heavy Quark Effective Field Theory

Abstract I analyze D− D mixing using the techniques of heavy quark effective theory. The analysis suggests that the there may be important cancellations among the dispersive effects of different kinds of final states, so that the total mixing may be considerably smaller than previous estimates.
When to ask male adolescents to provide semen sample for fertility preservation

Introduction: Fertility preservation in adolescents undergoing sterilizing radiation and/or chemotherapy is the standard of care in oncology. The opportunity for patients to provide a semen sample by ejaculation is a critical issue in adolescent fertility preservation. Materials and methods: Fifty males with no medical or sexual developmental abnormalities were evaluated. The subjects were screened for evidence of orgasmic, erectile, and ejaculatory dysfunction. A detailed sexual development history was obtained under an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved protocol. Results: Fifty males, aged 18-65 years (mean 39±16.03 years) volunteered to be part of this study. The mean reported age for the onset of puberty was 12.39 years (95% CI, 11.99-12.80 years), 13.59 years (95% CI, 13.05-14.12 years) for the first ejaculation, 12.56 years (95% CI, 11.80-13.32 years) for the start of masturbation, and 17.26 years (95% CI, 16.18-18.33 years) for the first experienced intercourse. Seventy-five percent of the cohort reached puberty by the age of 13.33, experienced masturbation by 14.5, first ejaculated by the age of 14.83, and had intercourse at age of 19.15 years. The first experienced ejaculation fell 1.5 years after the onset of puberty in 80% present of the cohort, and 84% starts masturbation 1.5 years after the onset of puberty. The mean response between the younger and the older subject was not statistical significance. Conclusions: It is appropriate to consider a request for semen specimens by masturbation from teenagers at one year and six months after the onset of puberty; the onset age of puberty plus 1.5 years is an important predictor of ejaculation and sample collection for cryopreservation.
Developing the Capacity to Analyze the Distributional Impact of State and Local Tax

Mazerov notes that many states lack the capacity to analyze the distributional impact of state and local tax changes and encourages them to develop such a capacity. Fewer than one-fifth of the states currently have such a capacity, Mazerov writes. He describes various models that can be used to analyze the distributional impacts of tax changes - the economic incidence, initial tax impact, and representative taxpayer models.
Super-resolution optical microscopy by using dielectric microwires

We demonstrate that super-resolution imaging of specimens containing sub-diffraction-limited features is feasible by using dielectric microwires fabricated through capillary force lithography followed by photopatterning. As supplementary micron scale cylindrical lenses, we fabricated uniform-sized microwires with and 5 and 10 μm diameters and refractive index ~1.3-1.6. The microwires are placed in contact with the specimen to collect the information of the sub-wavelength features of the specimen and transmit them to the far-field with magnification enabling imaging with two-fold resolution improvement. Potential applications of our imaging technique include biological imaging, microfluidics, and nanophotonics applications.
Support Effects on the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene over Platinum Catalysts

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to form ethylene was carried out over a platinum catalyst at short contact times. Alumina, zirconia, or silica reticulated foams were used as catalyst supports. The carbon selectivity to form ethylene was affected by the support material whereas the conversion of ethane was not affected to a large extent. The selectivity to form ethylene decreased from silica, to alumina, to zirconia. The temperature programmed desorption of ammonia carried out on the support materials showed that the zirconia support had a higher concentration of acid sites than either alumina or silica. After coating the supports, hydrogen chemisorption on the used catalyst showed metal dispersion was highest on silica and lowest on zirconia. The much higher selectivity on silica and alumina as compared to zirconia is explained by the lack of acid sites that catalyze the decomposition of ethylene to carbon. The higher dispersion of platinum on silica versus alumina will lead to a decrease in platinum ...
Enzyme-antibody histochemistry. A method for detection of collagens collectively.

Different types of distinct molecular forms of collagen are components of the extracellular matrix in most tissues. The common types can usually be detected by immunohistochemical methods but others may escape detection for lack of specific antisera. However, all these collagens are substrates for the collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum. In this report we describe a method that allows the visualization of collagens, collectively, in a tissue preparation. The method is based on the affinity between clostridial collagenase and collagen on one hand, and collagenase and its antibody on the other. Under the conditions of low temperature used in the procedure, collagenase binds to collagen, but digestion does not occur. Subequent reaction of the bound collagenase with the specific collagenase antibody is followed by reaction with a tagged anti-IgG reagent. This allows the visualization of the enzyme-substrate complex. The procedure is illustrated in sections of the heart and the aorta, as well as in the isolated cardiomyocytes and the collagen distribution is verified using collagens type I and IV specific antibodies. In all instances the collagenase staining pattern includes all structural features seen individually with the type specific anticollagen antibodies.
Reduction of the Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) Population at Fort A. P. Hill, Virginia, by Aerial Application of Diazinon Granules: Correlation of Percentage Control with Received Dose

Habitat (280 ha) of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), was aerially treated with 14% diazinon granules. Concentration of acaricide reaching the forest floor ranged from 0.02 to 1.25 kg (AI)/ha. Greater than 85% control was achieved at study plots receiving the highest dose. A positive correlation was shown between dose received at the forest floor and percentage of control of adults ( r = 0.91) and nymphs ( r = 0.86).
Weight Gain in Suckling Calves Following Revalor-G®, Ralgro™, or Synovex®-C

This study is the first report designed to compare approved estrogenic implants Ralgro™ and Synovex®-C with Revalor-G® in suckling calves. An on-farm comparison of the BW gain response following implantation was conducted using 156 native, commercial crossbred suckling steers (with similar genetics) on typical Mississippi fescue-based cow/calf operations. Calves were weighed (avg. 133.0 kg), randomized, and allocated to one of the three treatments. The calves which ranged from 2 to 4 mo of age were returned to their dams following routine processing and weighed again (236.2 kg) at 111 d (overall BW gain was 103.3 kg). Least square means for Revalor-G and Ralgro were not significantly different for BW gain and ADG (105.8/0.96 and 104.7/0.95, respectively). However, both Revalor-G and Ralgro significantly improved BW gain total and rate over Synovex-C. Although not currently approved for use in suckling calves, Revalor-G was comparable to Ralgro as a suckling-calf growth modifier.
Operation control mode of desulfurization system with combining stack and cooling tower into one without bypass gas duct

The second phase project 2×300 MW unit in Sanhe Power Plant is the first one designed with desulfurization system combined stack and cooling tower into one without bypass gas duct.In order to ensure the gas temperature and consistence of fine dust in the tower within the designed scope and security of the absorber,the operation control mode was designed different from the one of the usual unit of desulfurization system with bypass gas duct.The gas temperature into the tower is controlled by designing the start-up and shut-down of the desulfurization unit without bypass gas duct and changing the order of operation of equipments.The stable operation of the unit in Sanhe Power Plant certifies the feasibility of desulfurization system combined stack and cooling tower into one without bypass gas duct.
Definition and Recognition of Volume Features for Process Planning

Abstract A generic form feature recognition method called “spatial decomposition and composition” has been developed. The method can recognize all the features that are interpretable from the B-rep of a solid model regardless whether they intersect or not. Recognized features can be presented as both volume features and surface features. To specify and aid in understanding the type of volume features involved, this work first defines a concept of cavity volume to conform with our notion of cavity and then, a generic volume feature is defined as a cavity volume that has a pre-defined set of topological and geometric characteristics. A user can define a set of topological and geometric characteristics for each specific type of feature interactively with computer graphics. The spatial decomposition and composition method of feature recognition decomposes the space surrounding a solid model into minimal convex cells with the geometric surfaces of the solid model. Combinations of the cells are then composed into volumes and checked to determine if they are volume features. The exhaustive nature of the method enables the recognition of all the features, but also poses the problem of computational explosion. Some initial approaches to cope with computational explosion are introduced in this work. In addition, the on-going research on applying this feature recognition method to process planning is briefly discussed.
The significance of enlarged cervical lymph nodes in diagnosing thyroid cancer.

Introduction: We aim to investigate the significance of enlarged cervical lymph nodes (ECLN) identified by initial surgeon-performed ultrasound (US) as a tool for determining the risk of malignancy in the patients presenting with suspicious thyroid nodules. Methods: Radiological and surgical reports were retrospectively reviewed for the patients with suspicious thyroid nodules who underwent thyroidectomy and preoperative comprehensive neck US. Ultrasonographic features of the identified cervical lymph nodes were correlated with the final pathology report. Patients with malignancy other than papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were excluded. Results: The study consisted of 440 patients. On final pathology, PTC was found in 142 patients (32.3%), the remaining 298 (67.7%) exhibited benign findings. ECLN (>1 cm) were found in 66 (46.5%) patient with PTC compared to only 53 (17.8%) patients with benign nodules (P Conclusion: ECLN are associated with an increased likelihood of thyroid malignancy in the patients undergoing evaluation of a suspicious nodule. The risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules increases with the presence of suspicious ultrasonographic features on cervical lymph nodes.
Making mothers: parenting classes in a women’s jail

AbstractIn the wake of the War on Drugs, more mothers are incarcerated in US prisons and jails than ever before. Parenting classes have become ubiquitous in penal facilities that incarcerate women, but research about mothers’ experience in parenting class is limited to measures of efficacy about things like parenting attitudes and mental-health indicators. This study supplements existing research by adding an ethnographic lens to women’s experiences with parenting classes during incarceration. Drawing on 18 months of participant observation in the women’s unit of a county jail and 83 interviews with incarcerated mothers, I analyze incarcerated mothers’ experiences with parenting classes. Staff and inmates used parenting classes to create ways for women to do mothering during incarceration. Mothering in your head, longing to mother, and guilt as mothering enabled incarcerated mothers to maintain their identities as mothers despite their separation from their children. However, these practices could also be...
Howard Hughes and the Cold War Aviation Film Jet Pilot (1957)

Some historians argue that heaps of weaponry along with stealth and deception stand as emblems of the Cold War. But sexual intimacy, conspicuous consumption, and aviation technology also inserted themselves into the perfect safetly of American domestic bliss. This paper will analyze how the eccentric Cold War romantic comedy Jet Pilot (1957) so associated with the compulsiveness of Howard Hughes, produced and written by Jules Furthman, directed ( partially) by Josef von Sternburg and starring John Wayne and Janet Leigh, reflects all these themes making it the paradigmatic Cold Film that remains a camp classic from the American popular cultyre of the 1950s.
Spectral characteristics of semisolid protons in human brain white matter at 7 T.

Purpose To inform the quantification of MRI magnetization transfer contrast at high field by measuring the spectral characteristics of 1H protons in semisolids in human brain at 7 T, while avoiding prohibitive radiofrequency (RF) tissue heating and confounding effects from chemical exchange. Methods Saturation-recovery type experiments were performed using brief, frequency-specific RF pulses that saturate semisolid proton magnetization. Analysis of the subsequent recovery of water proton magnetization with a two-pool model of exchange allowed the study of spectral characteristics of semisolid protons. Results We show that in white matter, the semisolid proton spectrum can be approximated with a symmetric, super-Lorentzian line at −2.58 ± 0.05 ppm from the water resonance and an average transverse relaxation time constant (T2) of 9.6 ± 0.6 μs. Conclusions These results are consistent with studies at lower field that have indicated a major contribution from methylene protons to magnetization transfer contrast, and will facilitate the design and quantification of magnetization transfer studies at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 78:1950–1958, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Trends toward declining aggressive care at end of life among older cancer patients in the Deep South.

e20558 Background: Healthcare utilization and costs escalate dramatically in the final months of life. However, it is not clear on a population level how these expenses distribute between therapies...
Low-temperature Viscosity Cross Sections Measured in a Supersonic Argon Beam II

In an earlier study,1 values of the thermal-conductivity (viscosity) cross section for argon deduced from velocity distributions measured near the centerline of a free jet deviated unexpectedly from the temperature dependence predicted for low temperatures. Subsequently, the molecular-beam sampling system and data-reduction procedures used in that study were upgraded and the measurements were repeated. Cross-section values were obtained at temperatures more than an order of magnitude below the normal condensation temperature of argon. The temperature dependence of the deduced effective hard-sphere diameter is in good agreement with the predicted dependence, but the magnitudes are about 10 percent less then the predicted values.
Radiometer for the Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration Mission

The Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) instrument is a five-frequency millimeter-wave radiometer capable of observing thermal radiation from the Earth at 89, 165, 176, 180, and 182 GHz. The direct-detection architecture of the radiometer reduces its power consumption and eliminates the need for a local oscillator and mixer, reducing complexity. The instrument includes an ambient blackbody calibration target and a scanning reflector. The reflector rotates to scan the antenna beams in the cross-track direction so that the TEMPEST-D feed horn and receiver view first the blackbody calibration target, then the Earth over a range of nadir angles from −45o to +45o, and finally the cosmic microwave background radiation at 2.73 K. This enables precision end-to-end calibration of the millimeter-wave receivers every scan period. The TEMPEST-D millimeterwave radiometers are based on 35-nm InP HEMT MMIC low-noise amplifiers and related technology developed under extensive investment by the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO).
Accurate Thermochemistry for Organic Cations via Error Cancellation using Connectivity-Based Hierarchy

Connectivity-Based Hierarchy (CBH) is an effective error-cancellation scheme for the determination of chemically accurate thermochemical properties of a variety of organic and biomolecules. Neutral molecules and open-shell radicals have already been treated successfully by this approach utilizing inexpensive computational methods such as density functional theory. Herein, we present an extension of the method to a new class of molecules, specifically, organic cations. Because of the presence of structural rearrangements involving hydrogen migrations as well as unusual structures such as bridged cations, the application of the standard CBH protocol to a test set of 25 cations leads to significant errors due to ineffective bond-type matching. We propose an adjusted protocol to overcome such limitations to achieve highly effective error cancellation. The modified CBH methods, in conjunction with a wide range of density functionals, reproduce G4 energies for the test set of organic cations accurately within 1...
Infrared Study of Sepiolite and Palygorskite Surfaces

Abstract The interaction of water, primary alcohols and ammonia with the surfaces of sepiolite and palygorskite has been studied by IR spectroscopy. Water is adsorbed physically through hydrogen bonding to water molecules coordinated to the magnesium ions at the external surfaces and in the channels, but does not completely fill the channels. Ammonia is adsorbed by totally replacing the coordinated water. The high values reported for the specific surface by adsorption of ammonia are due to such replacement. In addition, the absence of IR absorption bands for ammonium suggests that these surfaces do not contain the acidic water found when exchangeable cations are present. Primary alcohols are adsorbed initially by hydrogen bonding through the coordinated water, but subsequently they replace up to 50% of this water by successive adsorptions and desorptions, irrespective of the length of the carbon chain, suggesting that the water replaced was mainly on the external surfaces. Only methanol and ethanol penetrated into the channels significantly. It is concluded that, in the absence of steric hindrance, the extent of penetration of molecules into the channels of sepiolite and palygorskite is governed by the polarity and vapor pressure of the molecules.
Aging, Inflammation, and Pneumococcal Disease

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is the leading cause of communityacquired pneumonia (CAP) and otitis media, and a primary cause of bacteremia and meningitis (Pneumococcal vaccines 1999). As with most infectious diseases, the poorest nations experience the greatest burden of disease. This can be attributed to reduced vaccine use, decreased standards of living, and limited access to supportive critical care (Dopazo et al. 2001; Robinson et al. 2001). Worldwide, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is greatest in children. However, death, as a result of infection, primarily occurs in the elderly (>65 years of age) (Atkinson et al. 2007; Lexau et al. 2005). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that pneumococcal disease is responsible for 1.6 million deaths annually (Pneumococcal vaccines 1999). Pneumococcal disease in the elderly is characterized by its rapid onset, severity, and high case-fatality rate; in the United States, the mortality rate for the elderly with pneumococcal pneumonia is 13–23%, compared to 5–7% in the general population. Likewise, case-fatality rates for the elderly with pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis are 60% and 80%, respectively; in contrast, they are 20% and 30% for the general population (Atkinson et al. 2007). Risk factors for IPD include advanced age, alcoholism, bronchial asthma, immunosuppression, lung disease, heart disease, asplenia, diabetes, and institutionalization (Loeb 2004; Mufson 1999). It is of note that the majority of the elderly have one or more underlying medical conditions that puts them at increased risk for IPD (Robinson et al. 2001). Moreover, the elderly experience agerelated changes in immune function that increase their susceptibility to infection.
Executive Functioning Mediates Predictions of Youth Academic and Social Development from Parenting Behavior

Using multiple mediation with bootstrapping, dimensions of executive functioning (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, set shifting) were tested as mediators of predictions of academic and social outcomes from observed positive and negative parenting in 131 children followed prospectively into early adolescence. Inhibitory control and working memory mediated predictions of academic achievement, whereas inhibitory control meditated predictions of school competence from positive parenting. Additionally, working memory mediated predictions of negative social preference, but not social competence, from positive parenting. Executive functioning did not mediate predictions from negative parenting. The role of parenting in shaping youth outcomes through executive functioning is considered.
Protein kinase C binding protein 1 inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the heart.

Aims Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor responsible for the induction of genes that facilitate adaptation to hypoxia. To study HIF-1 signalling in the heart, we developed a mouse model in which an oxygen-stable form of HIF-1α can be inducibly expressed in cardiac myocytes, under the regulation of tetracycline. Methods and results Remarkably, expression of the transgene in mice generated two distinct phenotypes. One was the expected expression of HIF-regulated transcripts and associated changes in cardiac angiogenesis and contractility. The other was an unresponsive phenotype with much less expression of typical HIF-response genes and substantial expression of a zinc-finger protein, Protein Kinase C Binding Protein 1 (PRKCBP1). We have demonstrated that this second phenotype is due to an insertion of a fragment of DNA upstream of the PRKCBP1 gene that contains two additional canonical HIF binding sites and leads to substantial HIF binding, assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and transcriptional activation. This insertion is found only in the FVB strain of mice that contributed the αMHC-tet binding protein transgene to these biallelic mice. In HEK293 cells transfected with oxygen-stable HIF-1α and PRKCBP1, we demonstrated inhibition of HIF-1 activity by a luciferase reporter assay. Using mouse primary cells and cell lines, we show that transfection with oxygen-stable HIF-1α and PRKCBP1 reduced expression of direct HIF-1 gene targets and that knockdown of PRKCBP1 removes that negative inhibition. Consistent with previous reports suggesting that PRKCBP1 modulates the chromatin landscape, we found that HL-1 cells transfected with oxygen-stable HIF-1α and PRKCBP1 have reduced global 5-methyl cytosine compared to HIF-1 alone. Conclusion We show genetic, transcriptional, biochemical, and physiological evidence that PRKCBP1 inhibits HIF activity. Identification of a new oxygen-dependent and previously unsuspected regulator of HIF may provide a target for new therapeutic approaches to ischaemic heart disease.
Risk Assessment of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Current Shortcomings and Future Directions

Atrial fibrillation is a well-known risk factor for cardioembolic stroke; a number of risk stratification scoring systems have been developed to help differentiate which patients would stand to benefit from anticoagulation. However, these scoring systems cannot be utilized in patients whose atrial fibrillation has not been diagnosed. As implantable cardiac monitors become more prevalent, it becomes possible to identify occult, subclinical atrial fibrillation. With this data, it is also possible to examine the relationship between episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism and the total burden of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk. The data gleaned from these devices provides insight and raises questions regarding the underlying mechanism of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation, and in doing so, exposes shortcomings in the present clinical use of current risk scoring systems, specifically, the inability to account for atrial fibrillation burden and to apply scores at all in subclinical atrial fibrillation.
Issues facing pharmacy leaders in 2015: suggestions for pharmacy strategic planning.

Issues facing pharmacy leaders in 2015 include practice model growth and the role of pharmacy students, clinical privileging of health-system pharmacists and provider status, medication error prevention, and specialty pharmacy services. The goal of this article is to provide practical approaches to 4 issues facing pharmacy leaders in 2015 to help them focus their department’s goals. This article will address (1) advances in the pharmacy practice model initiative and the role of pharmacy students, (2) the current thinking of pharmacists being granted clinical privileges in health systems, (3) updates on preventing harmful medication errors, and (4) the growth of specialty pharmacy services. The sample template of a strategic plan may be used by a pharmacy department in 2015 in an effort to continue developing patient-centered pharmacy services.
Decreasing seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis D virus antibodies in the antiviral era with inverse association with hepatitis B virus DNA, Taiwan, 2006 to 2019.

We examined the seroprevalence change of anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies in Taiwan from 2006 to 2019. A total of 1147 patients who had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were assessed. Of them, 51 (4.4%) were positive for anti-HDV antibodies. Comparison between anti-HDV-positive and negative groups was performed to examine clinical and virological factors related to anti-HDV positivity. It was found that the median HBV-DNA concentration was 1.6 × 105 IU/mL (range, 15 000 IU/mL, the year-to-year (calculated every 2 years) seropositive rates of anti-HDV were 10.0%, 7.9%, 0.7%, 0.3%, 0%, 0%, and 0% (P < .001). For patients who had HBV-DNA <15 000 IU/mL, the year-to-year seropositive rates were 18.6%, 12.8%, 7.8%, 5.0%, 7.3%, 8.0%, and 3.7% (P < .001). In conclusion, seropositive of anti-HDV was inversely associated with HBV-DNA levels. A progressive decrease of anti-HDV seroprevalence was found with no anti-HDV-positive cases detected in high HBV-DNA patient group after 2014.
The Relationship Between ADHD Symptomatology and Financial Well-Being Among College Students:

Objective: Although there is research that indicates financial difficulties among adults with ADHD, little research has examined financial well-being among college students with ADHD. Method: The p...
Solvable Fundamental Groups of Algebraic Varieties and Käler Manifolds

It is shown that if the fundamental group of a normal algebraic variety, respectively Zariski open subset of a compact Kahler manifold, is solvable with a faithful linear representation over Q, respectively polycyclic, then it is virtually nilpotent.
Magnetism and superconductivity in (Er 0.16 Ho 0.84 )Rh 4 B 4

The superconducting and ferromagnetic phase boundaries in the (${\mathrm{Er}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ho}}_{\mathrm{x}}$)${\mathrm{Rh}}_{4}$${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$ mixed ternary alloy system meet in a multicritical point at ${x}_{\mathrm{cr}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\approxeq}}0.9}$. For x${x}_{\mathrm{cr}}$, the compounds first become superconducting as the temperature is lowered, and then lose superconductivity in a transition to ferromagnetism. The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism for alloys near the erbium-rich end of the phase diagram is well established. It has also been suggested that ferromagnetism and superconductivity coexist in alloys with x just below ${x}_{\mathrm{cr}}$. We have carried out neutron-diffraction, ac magnetic susceptibility, and heat-capacity measurements on a sample of (${\mathrm{Er}}_{0.16}$${\mathrm{Ho}}_{0.84}$)${\mathrm{Rh}}_{4}$${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$ to investigate the possibility of coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity for x\ensuremath{\approxeq}${x}_{\mathrm{cr}}$. We find that there are minor discrepancies in the superconducting and magnetic transition temperatures reported for different samples of (${\mathrm{Er}}_{0.16}$${\mathrm{Ho}}_{0.84}$)${\mathrm{Rh}}_{4}$${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$, but that ferromagnetism and superconductivity do occur simultaneously over a narrow temperature range in this sample. We suggest that an inhomogeneous state occurs, consisting of separate ferromagnetic and superconducting regions, rather than microscopic coexistence.
Planting 'Improvement': Tea in British India

This paper provides a critical reflection on the operational logic, ideological inconsistencies, and material fallout of the tea plantation economy of northeastern India, a large-scale commercial enterprise that induced transformative changes to the region's biosocial landscape for a century and more. Unlike existing works on the subject, however, this study focuses on agro-economic ideology – namely the relationship between the crop and its built environment – to highlight the impact of tea on labor, disease ecology, and modernist parables of "progress" in British East India.
736 MicroRNA expression patterns in melanomas originating from gynecologic sites

Background Melanomas originating from gynecologic sites (MOGS) are rare mucosal melanomas originating from the vulva, vagina, and cervix. MOGS are associated with a poor survival rate and limited therapeutic options, as patients often present an advanced disease stage. MiRNAs (miRs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules composed of 21–23 nucleotides that control expression of target genes via post-transcriptional regulation and can exhibit dysregulated expression in cancer. Patterns of miR expression and their effects on disease progression have not yet been explored in the setting of MOGS. We hypothesize a unique miR expression profile exists in MOGS that can mediate disease progression via interaction with target genes. Methods RNA was isolated from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue samples of human vaginal and vulvar melanoma for comparison to normal adjacent vaginal mucosal tissue (NAT) and primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM), respectively. miR expression was then quantified using the NanoString human miRNA assay. Common experimentally validated gene targets of differentially expressed (DE) miRs were identified using miRNet, and pathway analysis was completed to examine potential downstream effects of dysregulated miR expression. Results Comparison of miR expression in vaginal melanoma to NAT revealed 25 DE miRs (fold change > 1.5, p 2, p Conclusions The results of this study support miRNAs as important potential regulators of gene expression in vaginal and vulvar melanomas that can contribute to tumor progression, tumor immunogenicity, and response to current immunotherapies. Ethics Approval This study was approved by the Ohio State University Institutional Review Board, approval #2007C0015.
Barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation among HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study.

In Vietnam, 60% of men living with HIV smoke tobacco, and 92% of HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) smoke tobacco. Tobacco use increases mortality through increased health risks including tuberculosis and malignancy in HIV-infected smokers. However, tobacco use treatment is not widely available in Vietnam. The objective was to examine current barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation and tobacco use treatment for HIV-infected PWID in Hanoi, Vietnam. Native speaking ethnographers conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews about tobacco use and tobacco use treatment with sixteen HIV-infected PWID and eight healthcare providers, recruited from four HIV-Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated for thematic analysis in Dedoose. Clients and providers had learned the general health risks of smoking from public awareness campaigns. Half had tried to quit previously, often motivated by advice from family members but not by HIV providers’ advice. Almost all clients did not want to quit, citing the low price of tobacco, prevalence of smoking in Vietnam, and physical cravings. HIV provider’s counseling was brief, inconsistent, and limited by low provider knowledge and competing burdens of HIV and injection drug use. Providers recently trained by NGO-led seminars on tobacco prioritized tobacco use treatment. Smoking cessation efforts for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and PWID smokers in Hanoi, Vietnam could benefit from further community public awareness campaigns, and exploring increased tobacco taxation. Tobacco use treatment at HIV clinics could benefit from involving family and friends in cessation, and training providers in treatment methods.