cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SP0165 Balneotherapy:Efficacy and Safety in Osteoarthritis

Background The scientific field dealing with balneotherapy is called balneology.Balneotherapy means the use of natural mineral waters, natural peloids and muds, natural sources of different gases for medical purposes. Objectives A growing number of evidence is available about the beneficial effect of balneotherapy for patients suffering from Osteoarthritis. The lecture would like to give a survey about the efficacy and safety of balneotherapy in Osteoarthritis Methods We searched in the medical database (Pubmed, Scopus, Pedro, Web of Sciences, Sciences Direct) and took into consideration articles only published in the English language. We focused on the clinical studies, but we paid attention on the possible side effects,risks and harmful effects of balneotherapy. We overviewed not only the RTC studies, but also the reviews,meteaanalysis and guidelines. Results Untill now more than 50 RTC single or double blind studies had been published on the effect of balneotherapy in OA(this number continually increased).The majorities of the studies dealing with the role of the balneotherapy on the knee arthrosis, but there are studies involved with the shoulder,neck,hand,hip and lumbar regions too. On the basis of the available evidence, balneotherapy has a beneficial effect on pain and quality of life for OA patients. As for as the safety of balneotherapy,the side effects during the treatment are negligible. On account of the latest OARSI guideline, balneotherapy is an appropriate treatment in case of multi- joint type OA with comorbidities. Conclusion On the basis of the available evidence balneotherapy is effective and safe, non-pharmacological therapy in the treatment of OA, but further multicentric studies are necesseray to prove its efficacy. References Bender T, Karagulle Z, Balint GP, Gutenbrunner C, Balint PV, Sukenik S Hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa treatment in pain management.Rheumatol Int. 2005 Apr;25(3):220–4. Forestier R, Desfour H, Tessier JM, Francon A, Foote AM, Genty C, Rolland C, Roques CF, Bosson JL.Ann Rheum Dis. Spa therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a large randomised multicentre trial.2010 Apr;69(4):660–5. Bender T, Balint G, Prohaszka Z, Geher P, Tefner IK. Evidence-based hydro- and balneotherapy in Hungary – a systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J Biometeorol. 2014 Apr;58(3):311–23. McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Arden NK, Berenbaum F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hawker GA, Henrotin Y, Hunter DJ, Kawaguchi H, Kwoh K, Lohmander S, Rannou F, Roos EM, Underwood M. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Mar;22(3):363–88. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Defining and Theorizing about Household Mobility

A common problem in the study of internal migration is its conceptualization, especially in its differentiation from residential mobility. This first chapter introduces different types of relocation behaviors based on distance moved, reasons for moving, and relocation frequency. A brief discussion of international migration is included; however, a large and separate literature exists exploring patterns, trends, and outcomes of immigration. Key theoretical approaches to the study of household mobility are discussed in order to frame the chapters that follow. In particular, the life course perspective is introduced, as it informs the book’s structure as well as the reasons people choose to move and the effects of household mobility on individuals and families.
A qualitative analysis of smokers' perceptions about lung cancer screening.

In 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) began recommending lung cancer screening for high risk smokers aged 55–80 years using low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan. In light of these updated recommendations, there is a need to understand smokers’ knowledge of and experiences with lung cancer screening in order to inform the design of patient education and tobacco cessation programs. The purpose of this study is to describe results of a qualitative study examining smokers’ perceptions around lung cancer screening tests. In 2009, prior to the release of the updated USPSTF recommendations, we conducted 12 120-min, gender-specific focus groups with 105 current smokers in Charlotte, North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio. Focus group facilitators asked participants about their experience with three lung cancer screening tests, including CT scan, chest x-ray, and sputum cytology. Focus group transcripts were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using constant comparative methods. Participants were 41–67 years-old, with a mean smoking history of 38.9 pack-years. Overall, 34.3% would meet the USPSTF’s current eligibility criteria for screening. Most participants were unaware of all three lung cancer screening tests. The few participants who had been screened recalled limited information about the test. Nevertheless, many participants expressed a strong desire to pursue lung cancer screening. Using the social ecological model for health promotion, we identified potential barriers to lung cancer screening at the 1) health care system level (cost of procedure, confusion around results), 2) cultural level (fatalistic beliefs, distrust of medical system), and 3) individual level (lack of knowledge, denial of risk, concerns about the procedure). Although this study was conducted prior to the updated USPSTF recommendations, these findings provide a baseline for future studies examining smokers’ perceptions of lung cancer screening. We recommend clear and patient-friendly educational tools to improve patient understanding of screening risks and benefits and the use of best practices to help smokers quit. Further qualitative studies are needed to assess changes in smokers’ perceptions as lung cancer screening with CT scan becomes more widely used in community practice.
Functional Connectivity Alterations in C9ORF72 Mutation Carriers (P05.105)

OBJECTIVE: To identify intrinsic connectivity alterations in C9ORF72 mutation carriers (C9+) with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) or bvFTD with motor neuron disease (bvFTD-MND) using task-free fMRI (tf-fMRI). BACKGROUND: Mutations in C9ORF72 represent the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic bvFTD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. No studies have explored intrinsic connectivity in C9+. DESIGN/METHODS: We studied 14 C9+ (8 bvFTD, 6 bvFTD-MND; age 58.4±7.6 years, 4 females), 14 non-carriers (C9-, 8 bvFTD, 6 bvFTD-MND; age 60.1±7.0 years, 4 females) and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Neuropsychological data, structural MRI, and 8 minutes of tf-fMRI were obtained. Gray matter atrophy was assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Seed-based tf-fMRI correlation analyses mapped 3 intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), the salience network (SN), sensorimotor network, and default mode network (DMN). We compared ICNs between groups using two-sample t-tests thresholded at joint cluster and extent thresholds of p RESULTS: C9+ and C9- groups showed no differences in age at symptom onset, disease duration, or clinical severity. VBM showed more severe frontal and temporal atrophy in C9- than C9+ compared to HC. C9+ exhibited additional atrophy in dorsal frontal and parietal cortex compared to HC. Tf-fMRI analyses revealed similar SN connectivity reductions for C9+ and C9- compared with HC in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and rostral pons. For the motor network, C9+ and C9- showed supplementary motor area and cuneus reductions compared with HC; C9- had increased connectivity in right striatum compared with HC. Both C9+ and C9- showed reductions throughout the DMN, however C9- had reduced DMN connectivity in ACC compared with C9+. CONCLUSIONS: Despite greater atrophy in C9- than C9+, tf-fMRI analyses revealed similar connectivity reductions in the SN, motor network, and DMN. Further studies are needed to explore the discrepancy between atrophy and intrinsic connectivity in C9+ and C9-. Supported by: K23AG039414-01A1, P01 AG019724, P50 AG023501. Disclosure: Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trujillo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khazenzon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yokoyama has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karydas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has received personal compensation for activities with Allon Therapeuctics, Inc. and TauRx Therapeutics, Ltd. Dr. Miller has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Seeley has received personal compensation for activities with Korea Novartis, Summer Street Research Partners and Bristol-Myers Squibb for speaker, consulting and scientific advisory boards.
Vibrational Bandshapes in Viscous Liquids and Glasses

Most of the current interest in vibrational bandshapes has been focussed on the spectra of simple molecular liquids such as N2 and CO2 which, for reasons associated with the simplicity of the molecular shapes, are only observed in highly fluid states. Any attempt to decrease their fluidity and concomitantly to increase the various associated structural and rotational relaxation times, e.g. by decrease of temperature or increase of pressure, is quickly frustrated by crystallization. There exist, however, liquids of moderate complexity, which have much wider stable liquid ranges (which we will describe in reduced temperature units (Tb − Tm)/Tm) than the above, some of which may be extensively supercooled, thus making possible the study of vibrational bandshapes over very wide ranges of fluidity. Such extensions of the temperature range, and accordingly of the relaxation time range, are desirable for the purpose of maximizing the empirical base against which the adequacy of theoretical band-shape interpretations may be judged. Some examples of common molecular liquids and their liquid ranges are given in Table 1.
Expanding Davanloo's Interpretive Triangles to Explicate the Client's Introjected Image of God:

One of the difficulties for a psychotherapist who desires to integrate Christian faith with psychological theory is making the transition from theoretical models to practical applications in the clinical setting. In this article I focus on interpretation techniques that will enable the client to more clearly understand his or her introjected image of God. I briefly summarize the literature on theoretical knowledge regarding the introjected image of God and then review Davanloo's triangles for formulating interpretations of a client's resistance and transference. Taking the literature on the introjected image of God and Davanloo's interpretive triangles into consideration, a model is proposed that aids in incorporating interpretation of transference and resistance that a client has in relationship to God into the therapeutic work.
Measuring extraordinary rendition and international cooperation: A response to Blakeley and Raphael:

In my article, “Measuring extraordinary rendition and international cooperation” I present a model that can be used to measure extraordinary rendition and identify international cooperation in the ...
Effect of modified periodic waveforms on current-induced spin polarization measurements

Applying a voltage to a semiconductor sample generates a current-induced electron spin polarization (CISP). Using an ultrafast mode-locked laser and lock-in detection scheme, we measure CISP on an indium gallium arsenide epilayer via Faraday rotation and extract the spin generation rate. While the measured spin polarization initially increases linearly with electric field as observed in previous work, larger applied voltages lead to a decreasing spin generation rate. We show that we can recover the linear dependence of spin generation rate with electric field even at larger applied voltages by modifying the applied voltage waveform to reduce heating and multiplying by an appropriate correction factor. Future CISP studies can utilize this technique to investigate CISP under larger applied electric fields.
How Satisfied Are AMS Members with the Society?: Results from the 2014 AMS Survey

AbstractIn 2014, the American Meteorological Society (AMS) conducted the latest in its sequence of surveys of its membership. Included in the survey were a number of questions pertaining to the val...
Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is both prevalent and disabling. Surveys suggest that patients with bipolar disorder are often misdiagnosed on initial presentation, most often with major depressive disorder. These patients may receive ineffective treatment, which, in some cases, actually worsens outcome, either by inducing manic or mixed states or by increasing mood cycling. Major contributors to misdiagnosis include incomplete history and lack of patient insight as well as presence of psychiatric comorbidity, such as anxiety or substance use disorders. Careful screening for current and past symptoms of mania or hypomania, as well as close clinical follow-up, can help to reduce misdiagnosis.
Comments on ‘International lending in the long run: motives and management’ by Barry Eichengreen

This is a challenging paper. It puts forth a clear and forceful argument for systematic government intervention in international capital markets. First let me lay out the bare bones of the argument.
Improving User Profiles for E-Commerce by Genetic Algorithms

Recommendation systems are widely adopted in e-commerce businesses for helping customers locate products they would like to purchase. The major challenge for these systems is bridging the gap between the physical characteristics of data with the users’ perceptions. In order to address this challenge, employing user profiles to improve accuracy becomes essential. However, the system performance may degrade due to inaccuracy of user profiles. Therefore, an effective system should offer learning mechanisms to correct erroneous user inputs. In this paper, we extend an existing recommendation system, Yoda, to improve the profiles automatically by utilizing users’ relevance feedback with genetic algorithms (GA). Our experimental results indicate that the retrieval accuracy is significantly increased by using the GA-based learning mechanism.
Evaluation of Psychiatric Emergencies in Athens Greater Area

The psychiatric 24-hour emergency operation has recently become one of the main parts of the mental health services systems creating an increasing interest in research on patterns of utilization of services or provision of care (Blaine et al.1, Schwartz and Errera2, Guido and Payne3, Kritzer and Pittman4).
Solids in Ultrafast Strong Laser Fields: Optical Control of Electronic State

When a strong optical field with amplitude comparable to the internal fields acts on a solid, it creates, for a femtosecond duration of the pulse, a new state of solid where the energy levels and the fundamental symmetries are modified. We discuss recent theoretical predictions in this field and existing developments.
Cellular labeling of endogenous virus replication (CLEVR) reveals de novo insertions of the gypsy endogenous retrovirus in cell culture and in both neurons and glial cells of aging fruit flies

Evidence is rapidly mounting that transposable element expression and replication may impact biology more widely than previously thought. This includes potential effects on normal physiology of somatic tissues and dysfunctional impacts in diseases associated with aging such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Investigation of the biological impact of mobile elements in somatic cells will be greatly facilitated by use of donor elements that are engineered to report de novo events in vivo. In multicellular organisms, successful reporters of LINE element mobilization have been in use for some time, but similar strategies have not been developed to report Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and endogenous retroviruses. We describe Cellular Labeling of Endogenous Virus Replication (CLEVR), which reports replication of the gypsy element in Drosophila. The gypsy-CLEVR reporter reveals gypsy replication both in cell culture and in individual neurons and glial cells of the aging adult fly. We also demonstrate that the gypsy-CLEVR replication rate is increased when the short interfering RNA silencing system is genetically disrupted. This CLEVR strategy makes use of universally conserved features of retroviruses and should be widely applicable to other LTR-retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses and exogenous retroviruses.
A Model of Collaboration between Primary Care and Neuropsychology

Assessing cognition in patients with medical problems is imperative since cognitive impairments can contribute to poor medical treatment outcomes and lower their level of functioning. Neurocognitive assessments in primary care have proliferated, particularly with the integration of neuropsychology in primary care clinics. The collaboration between neuropsychologists and primary care providers is fluid, given shared practice perspectives of combining diagnostic interviews with tests that rely on Bayesian logic models for clinical judgements. Both fields are also conforming to a stepped model of care within a patient-centered medical home model. Cognitive assessments and interventions are therefore becoming an essential part of managing chronic disease in primary care. Ultimately, cognition could be considered as the sixth vital sign in primary care where there is ongoing monitoring of cognitive health.
Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in ACS Patient: What Are the Indications for Acute Intervention?

An understanding of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is paramount to the knowledge base of an emergency general surgeon as their trauma and surgical patients are at-risk populations. Respiratory failure and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) can be caused by a wide range of pre-existing and new onset disease conditions and manifest clinically as hypoxemia or hypercapnia. One of the most severe forms is ARDS, a complex syndrome of hypoxemic respiratory failure incited by a separate underlying disease, such as intraabdominal sepsis, aspiration, pneumonia, or trauma, all conditions frequently encountered by the surgeon. The hallmark findings are the acute development of non-cardiogenic bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with refractory hypoxemia. PPCs are the most common postoperative complication developed by surgical patients, with resulting increases to morbidity and mortality. Despite significant advances in the understanding and management of ARDS patients specifically, in-hospital mortality still exceeds 40% in most settings with survivors also at risk for long-term disability. Prompt recognition and initiation of appropriate treatment strategies can improve patient outcomes for all forms of respiratory failure. This chapter will provide a practical overview of the diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, and interventions the surgeon should be familiar with to properly care for patients with respiratory failure and ARDS.
Bile Salts Alter the Mouse Norovirus Capsid Conformation: Possible Implications for Cell Attachment and Immune Evasion.

Caliciviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses with 180 copies of capsid protein comprising the T=3 icosahedral capsids. The main capsid feature is a pronounced protruding (P) domain dimer formed by adjacent subunits on the icosahedral surface while the shell domain forms a tight icosahedral sphere around the genome. While the P domain in the crystal structure of human Norwalk virus (genotype I.1) was tightly associated with the shell surface, the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of several members of the Caliciviridae family (mouse norovirus [MNV], rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, and human norovirus genotype II.10) revealed a "floating" P domain that hovers above the shell by nearly 10 to 15 A in physiological buffers. Since this unusual feature is shared among, and unique to, the Caliciviridae, it suggests an important biological role. Recently, we demonstrated that bile salts enhance cell attachment to the target cell and increase the intrinsic affinity between the P domain and receptor. Presented here are the cryo-EM structures of MNV-1 in the presence of bile salts (∼3 A) and the receptor CD300lf (∼8 A). Surprisingly, bile salts cause the rotation and contraction of the P domain onto the shell surface. This both stabilizes the P domain and appears to allow for a higher degree of saturation of receptor onto the virus. Together, these results suggest that, as the virus moves into the gut and the associated high concentrations of bile, the entire capsid face undergoes a conformational change to optimize receptor avidity while the P domain itself undergoes smaller conformational changes to improve receptor affinity.IMPORTANCE Mouse norovirus and several other members of the Caliciviridae have been shown to have a highly unusual structure with the receptor binding protruding (P) domain only loosely tethered to the main capsid shell. Recent studies demonstrated that bile salts enhance the intrinsic P domain/receptor affinity and is necessary for cell attachment. Presented here are the high-resolution cryo-EM structures of apo MNV, MNV/bile salt, and MNV/bile salt/receptor. Bile salts cause a 90° rotation and collapse of the P domain onto the shell surface that may increase the number of available receptor binding sites. Therefore, bile salts appear to be having several effects on MNV. Bile salts shift the structural equilibrium of the P domain toward a form that binds the receptor and away from one that binds antibody. They may also cause the entire P domain to optimize receptor binding while burying a number of potential epitopes.
Two-stage efficiency-based approach to biofuel supply chain logistics network design under the risk of disruptions

This paper deals with a design problem for the biofuel supply chain logistics network (BSCLN) under the risk of disruptions. Under a circumstance of disruptions, the BSCLN design problem should deal with multiple goals. This paper proposes an innovative procedure for combining a goal programming (GP) approach and the two-stage network data envelopment analysis (NDEA). The GP model will generate various BSCLN configurations that depend on the weights assigned to the goals. Then, the two-stage NDEA is applied to find the overall efficiency of BSCLN and to identify most efficient BSCLN schemes. Through a case study using the real data on the disaster events in South Carolina, the applicability of the proposed procedure is demonstrated. It is observed that the proposed procedure performs well with respect to designing and identifying the efficient and robust BSCLN schemes, which would be able to attract potential investors who are interested in investing in the biofuel industry.
Student Success, Research Preeminence, and Unintended Consequences at Public Metropolitan Research Universities

This article extends a line of research on intentional change at public metropolitan research universities that aims to improve undergraduate student success (as measured by graduation and retention rates) while improving access (as measured by Pell and minority rates). Some of the issues that have emerged from this line of research involve the dynamics of various competing goals, such as (a) student success and student access and (b) student success with access and research preeminence. This article uses performance data to examine the challenges of improving success with access and research preeminence, simultaneously, at public metropolitan research universities. A case study offers an illustration of the challenges and clarifies the unintended consequences.
The effect of resource dynamics on species packing in diverse ecosystems

The competitive exclusion principle asserts that coexisting species must occupy distinct ecological niches (i.e. the number of surviving species can not exceed the number of resources). An open question is to understand if and how different resource dynamics affect this bound. Here, we analyze a generalized consumer resource model with externally supplied resources and show that -- in contrast to self-renewing resources -- species can occupy only half of all available environmental niches. This motivates us to construct a new schema for classifying ecosystems based on species packing properties.
Acoustic correlates of Apurímac Quechua ejective stops

Apurimac Quechua ejective and pulmonic stops are compared with respect to VOT, rise time (the following vowel’s peak amplitude – onset amplitude), and F0 difference (following vowel’s midpoint amplitude – onset amplitude). These three properties distinguish ejective from pulmonic stops in other languages (e.g., Ingush) but were previously unanalyzed in Quechuan languages. Results show that only rise time and VOT distinguish Apurimac Quechua ejective stops. All syllables (stressed and unstressed) of CV.CV.CV words were analyzed. The vowel /a/ followed each stop onset. 60 pulmonic plus 40 ejective stops were compared (all places of articulation) (α = 0.05). Rise time is the strongest acoustic cue for ejective stops: vowels following ejective stops had significantly longer rise times (meanejective= 7.74 dB, SD = 1.27) than pulmonic (meanpulmonic = 4.85 dB, SD = 2.94). Ejective stops therefore rise to peak amplitude more slowly than pulmonic. F0 difference did not significantly differ between vowels following each stop type (meanejective = -0.32 Hz, SD = 0.05; meanpulmonic = 0.40 Hz, SD = 0.03). Ejective stops had significantly longer VOTs (meanejective = 27.82 m/s, SD = 2.01) than pulmonic (meanpulmonic = 23.98 m/s, SD = 4.09). This difference is small, indicating that VOT is a less-robust acoustic cue for ejective stops.Apurimac Quechua ejective and pulmonic stops are compared with respect to VOT, rise time (the following vowel’s peak amplitude – onset amplitude), and F0 difference (following vowel’s midpoint amplitude – onset amplitude). These three properties distinguish ejective from pulmonic stops in other languages (e.g., Ingush) but were previously unanalyzed in Quechuan languages. Results show that only rise time and VOT distinguish Apurimac Quechua ejective stops. All syllables (stressed and unstressed) of CV.CV.CV words were analyzed. The vowel /a/ followed each stop onset. 60 pulmonic plus 40 ejective stops were compared (all places of articulation) (α = 0.05). Rise time is the strongest acoustic cue for ejective stops: vowels following ejective stops had significantly longer rise times (meanejective= 7.74 dB, SD = 1.27) than pulmonic (meanpulmonic = 4.85 dB, SD = 2.94). Ejective stops therefore rise to peak amplitude more slowly than pulmonic. F0 difference did not significantly differ between vowels following...
Transposon-Mediated Stable Suppression of Gene Expression in the Developing Chick Retina

The embryonic chick has long been a favorite model system for in vivo studies of vertebrate development. However, a major technical limitation of the chick embryo has been the lack of efficient loss-of-function approaches for analyses of gene functions. Here, we describe a methodology in which a transgene encoding artificial microRNA sequences is introduced into embryonic chick retinal cells by in ovo electroporation and integrated into the genome using the Tol2 transposon system. We show that this methodology can induce potent and stable suppression of gene expression. This technique therefore provides a rapid and robust loss-of-function approach for studies of gene function in the developing retina.
Differential effect of magnetic alignment on additive manufacturing of magnetocaloric particles

Additive manufacturing of materials using magnetic particles as feedstock has attracted tremendous attention during the past decade owing to its ability to tune both shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which can significantly enhance the magnetic characteristics of materials. We demonstrate that the magnetic response of multilayered thin films of Gd5Si4 can be tailored by controlling the external magnetic field during inkjet printing. The external magnetic field aligns the magnetic particles along their magnetic easy axis, enhancing the magnetic anisotropy of the printed films. Our work demonstrates the ability to print thin magnetic films with a defined anisotropy in any chosen direction with the potential to approaching magnetic properties of corresponding single crystalline materials.
In-Class Participation Through Technology in a Political Science Context

One of the most challenging facets of encouraging student participation in classroom discussions is navigating the complex dynamics of personal behavior and interpersonal interaction that leads to what the research refers to as student “silence." Despite a nominal desire to avail themselves of the attention of their professor and peers in class, students will often decline to participate for a number of reasons including personality characteristics which disfavor speaking publicly, gender dynamics and expectations, a lack of comfort with the dominant in-class language and a fear of embarrassment/social sanction. In-class technology provides one possible mechanism for bridging this gap. This study seeks to ascertain whether the use of an online participation platform (Peardeck) is associated with increased participation of students who, for various reasons, are less likely to participate than their cohorts in a public affairs/governance classroom.
Assessment of the attenuation of metal-infused filaments for 3D printing a gamma camera calibration phantom

Abstract The capability to produce customizable 3D printed imaging phantoms out of a growing number of materials has contributed to the increased use of such phantoms in clinical practice and research. Many of these materials have not been characterized at clinically relevant parameters for nuclear medicine imaging. In this work, we measured the attenuation of several 3D printing metal-infused filament materials with the potential for blocking 122 keV gamma photons using a scintillation detector. Understanding the ability of each material to attenuate gamma rays would allow modelling of varying levels of attenuation required for different body tissues at this energy. In addition, it allows for the determination of the thickness of the material needed to attenuate 122 keV photons, in order to build high-contrast spatial resolution phantoms. To achieve this goal, we performed attenuation experiments for three different 3D printing materials in this work (Tungsten infused Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Iron infused Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Stainless Steel (SS) infused PLA), by observing gamma transmission through blocks made of each material as a function of thickness. A Cobalt-57 (Co-57; 122 keV) source was chosen because of its relevance to nuclear medicine. Tungsten infused ABS showed the highest measured attenuation coefficient out of the three candidates at this energy (1.452 cm2/g). We further designed and 3D printed an imaging phantom to aid in characterizing the spatial resolution of novel gamma imaging systems at the above energy. The phantom design contains multiple line pairs (lp) located in four quadrants ranging from 1.2 mm – 8 mm. The 3D printed phantom was imaged by a molecular breast tomosynthesis (MBT) gamma camera. Assessment of the intrinsic spatial resolution of the MBT camera showed that our 3D printed phantom might be a viable option for routine spatial resolution quality control (QC) of gamma cameras used in clinical practice.
57 – RELATIONSHIP OF MELILITE-BEARING ROCKS TO KIMBERLITE: A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SYSTEM AKERMANITE–CO2

The maximum stability limit of akermanite in the presence of excess CO2 was found to be about 6 kbar. Below that pressure, at relatively lower temperatures, akermanite reacts with CO2 to form diopside + calcite. Akermanite is unstable below 1010°C, 2 kbar; 1180°, 5 kbar; and 1240°, 6.1 kbar. The melting temperature of akermanite is depressed by CO2 owing to the solubility of CO2 in the liquid: 1454°C, 1 kbar; 1405°, 2 kbar; 1365°, 5 kbar; and 1355°, 5.8 kbar. The complete melting of diopside + calcite (1:1 mole) above 6 kbar and the melting of akermanite in the presence of excess CO2 below 6 kbar produce homogeneous liquids; therefore, carbonates are not necessarily immiscible in silicate melts of all ultrabasic compositions. The restriction of akermanite to relatively low pressures in the presence of CO2 and H2O, respectively, indicates that melilite-bearing rocks are not likely sources of kimberlite in the mantle. Melilite-bearing rocks recrystal-lize at high pressures to pyroxenites in the absence of CO2 and H2O. On the other hand, simplified reactions representing the conversion of ugandite or mafurite in the presence of CO2 and H2O to forsterite + phlogopite + calcite, the groundmass assemblage of kimberlite, indicates that a magma having melilite affinities could be transformed into kimberlite with the aid of suitable volatiles. The experimental results are also pertinent to BOWEN'S step 8 in the metamorphism of a siliceous dolomite. Because of the exceptionally high temperatures involved where CO pressure equals the total pressure, the reaction in nature appears to run at very low partial pressures of CO2. Preliminary results on the melting of calcite cleavage rhombs indicate congruent melting at 1355°C, 2 kbar; 1395°, 5 kbar; 1430°, 7.5 kbar; and 1460°, 10 kbar.
On the effects of pain on fNIRS classification

We present the first study of the effects of pain on the classification of fNIRS recordings, and evaluate the performance of a model trained on the pain-free data for classifying the data with the presence of pain.
Comparing CALPHAD predictions with high energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements during in situ annealing of Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy

Abstract High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer the unique ability to tailor microstructures through thermal processing techniques. One family of alloys of interest is AlxCoCrFeNi, where x varies from 0.0 to 2.0 molar fraction which allows for a transition from face-centered cubic (FCC) to body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure, as well as the formation of various secondary phases, such as B2, sigma, and L12. In this study, we focus on the Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA. Based on CALPHAD simulations, the Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA consists of the following phases from highest to lowest temperature: a) FCC at high temperature, followed by b) B2 precipitation in an FCC matrix, c) then B2 and σ phase co-precipitation in an FCC matrix, d) then B2, σ phase, and L12 phase in an FCC matrix, and finally e) B2, σ phase, and L12 phase in a BCC matrix at low temperature. The purpose of our study is to compare phases observed using high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements during in situ annealing with the equilibrium phases predicted using CALPHAD. Phase evolution and dissolution are discussed and compared with the CALPHAD simulation predictions. Our experimental results matched well with the CALPHAD predictions of the phase evolution for the B2 phase, however, the phase dissolution of L12 and σ phases was incomplete, which is likely only observable using high resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. Better CALPHAD models are needed as well as longer annealing times due to the complexity of achieving phase equilibrium in multi-phase HEAs.
Phase Behavior That Enables Solvent-Free Carbonate-Promoted Furoate Carboxylation.

Solvent-free chemistry has been used to streamline synthesis, reduce waste, and access novel reactivity, but the physical nature of the reaction medium in the absence of solvent is often poorly und...
Micro-optical coherence tomography for high-resolution morphologic imaging of cellular and nerval corneal micro-structures

We demonstrate the highest resolution (1.5×1.5×1 µm) micrometer optical coherence tomography (µOCT) imaging of the morphologic micro-structure of excised swine and non-human primate corneas. Besides epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cell morphology, this report focuses on investigating the most peripheral corneal nerve fibers, the nerve fibers of the subbasal plexus (SBP). Alterations of SBP nerve density and composition are reportedly linked to major neurologic disorders, such as diabetic neuropathy, potentially indicating earliest onsets of denervation. Here, the fine, hyperreflective, epithelial nerve structures located just above Bowman's membrane, are i) visualized using our µOCT prototype, ii) validated by comparison to fluorescence confocal microscopy (including selective immunohistochemical staining), and iii) segmented using state-of-the-art image processing. Here, we also introduce polarization sensitive (PS) µOCT imaging, demonstrating, to the best of our knowledge, the highest resolution corneal PS-OCT scans reported to date.
An Improved Process for the Manufacture of 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytrityl)-N2-isobutyryl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)guanosine

A revised, optimized process for the manufacture of 5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)-N2-isobutyryl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)guanosine (MOE G PNS) that controls critical impurities to less than 0.2% was deve...
Planck Scale Cosmology in Resummed Quantum Gravity

We show that, by using resummation techniques based on the extension of the methods of Yennie, Frautschi and Suura to Feynman's formulation of Einstein's theory, we get quantum field theoretic predictions for the UV fixed-point values of the dimensionless gravitational and cosmological constants. Connections to the phenomenological asymptotic safety analysis of Planck scale cosmology by Bonanno and Reuter are discussed.
Theoretical risk assessment for dietary exposure to sodium saccharin among residents in Nanjing City

Objective To evaluate the potential risk of dietary exposure to sodium saccharin among residents in Nanjing City, and provide scientific evidence for safety surveillance and risk management in processed foods. Methods Based on the survey of dietary consumption of residents in Nanjing City, combining with the limits of sodium saccharin in processed foods(GB 2760-2014), using @Risk software to establish the cumulative dietary exposure in a probabilistic way, and compared with the acceptable daily intake(ADI) for risk assessment. Results The average exposure of sodium saccharin of residents was 0. 69 mg/kg, accounted for 13. 80% of ADI, while high exposure(P97. 5) was 5. 37 mg/kg, and accounted for 107. 36% of ADI. The exposure of sodium saccharin of residents in all age groups exceeded ADI were ranged from 20. 60% to 132. 80%. The intake of sodium saccharin exposure of high exposures(P97. 5) exceeded ADI was 132. 80% and 110. 75% in 18-49 years and 11-17 years people respectively. Cooked nuts, candied fruit and bean products were the main sources of sodium saccharin exposure compared with others. Conclusion Dietary exposure assessment shows that the risk dietary exposure to sodium saccharin is generally safe. Residents who intake these processed foods higher should be paid more attention to reduce the level of sodium saccharin exposure.
Office Information Systems: A Retrospective and a Vision

Office Information Systems is a field of computer science concerned with studying offices and developing technologies to support office workers. The field initiated in 1982 suffered a gradual demise by 2004. However, many of the themes and issues that motivated the discipline continue to exist today. Office workers continue to struggle with routine tasks that do not have adequate IT support and the problem is worse for mobile employees. In this paper we provide a retrospective on OIS technologies with the hope of stimulating interest in this important area and addressing the needs of office workers worldwide. The evolution of office technologies and a detailed discussion of past research is provided. The discussion shows that technology support for office workers is still inadequate. The paper suggests a technology vision and architecture to motivate researchers and identifies challenges for future research.
Urea Transporters in Health and Disease

Urea transporters are a relatively recent discovery in the overall history of kidney physiology. Urea transport proteins were first proposed in the late 1980s when observations of urea permeability could not be explained by paracellular transport or lipid phase diffusion. The first urea transporter was cloned in 1992 and shortly thereafter a family of urea transporters was described. There are two major subgroups of the SLC14A family of urea transporters: Slc14A2 (or UT-A) and SLC14A1 (or UT-B). UT-A1 and UT-A3, which are expressed in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) are crucial to the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine. UT-A2, which is expressed in the thin descending limb is also involved since knock-out of any of these urea transporters results in a urine concentrating defect in mice. The regulation of urea transporter activity in the IMCD involves modification of UT-A1 and UT-A3 through phosphorylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, with subsequent effects on the accumulation of urea transporters in the apical plasma membrane. Long-term regulation of the IMCD urea transporters involves changes in protein abundance in response to changes in hydration status, low protein diets, or adrenal steroids. Vasopressin regulates UT-A1 and UT-A3 through PKA. Hypertonicity regulates UT-A1 through PKCα. The UT-B (Slc14A1) urea transporter was originally isolated from erythrocytes. In the kidney, UT-B is expressed primarily in the descending vasa recta. Urea transporters have been studied using animal models of disease including diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, lithium administration, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug responses. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been developed to study the different urea transporters. Urearetics, which are inhibitors of UT-A and/or UT-B, are being developed and tested as novel diuretic agents.
Dental hygiene faculty perspectives on thesis advising in graduate education.

Purpose/objectives There is little research regarding dental hygiene faculty perspectives on advising graduate students through the thesis process. This study explored dental hygiene faculty's experiences when advising DH graduate students through the thesis process and understanding their perspectives on the factors impacting completion of the thesis. Methods This qualitative phenomenological research study utilized virtual focus groups with a purposive sample of graduate DH thesis advisors (n = 18) from institutions with a thesis-based Master of Science degree. A deductive analysis method was implemented based on six main topics (advisor's roles, advisor expectations of advisee, advisee challenges, student support strategies, institutional polices and resources, and academic workload and benefits of the advisor role) in the literature using qualitative analysis software. Results Main emergent themes included being a co-investigator and supervisor of the advisee research process; expectations of advisee to respect the advisor's time and effort; expectation advisee understand the demands of a thesis; advisees challenges included self-doubt and balancing of responsibilities; need to develop the advisor/advisee relationship and trust with advisee; and university policies and the availability of resources impact on the thesis completion. Conclusion Dental Hygiene thesis advisors reported incorporation of many strategies to execute their role. The thesis process is unique to every student; however, the advisor's comprehensive problem-solving skills and the student's perseverance collectively facilitate the completion of the thesis. Institutional policies, other resources, and the increase in workload are potential barriers for Dental Hygiene thesis advisors and require advocating on behalf of their advisee for on-time thesis completion.
Radioembolization for Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy which accounts for 13% of total cancer mortality worldwide. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for localized disease; however, the majority of patients present when the tumor is unresectable. The incidence of the intrahepatic subtype of cholangiocarcinoma is increasing worldwide. Current standard of care in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is systemic chemotherapy; however, yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (Y90-TARE) is under investigation for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with promising trials and published clinical experience. This review critically evaluates the role of Y90-TARE in the management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Moderating from Nowhere

We are living in the midst of a battle over online hate speech regulation, and the stakes could not be higher. Hate speech not only harms its intended victims, be they individuals or groups, it also polarizes and divides society in ways that undermine the health of democratic regimes. While there is widespread agreement that the current situation of online discourse is untenable, scholars and policymakers are deeply divided on the best way to improve it. Until recently, American free speech norms have dominated the content moderation policies of digital media platforms. First Amendment norms are extremely resistant to censorship and therefore very protective of offensive and hateful speech. However, in recent years, this influence has been gradually eroded by what could be called European free speech norms, which are significantly more comfortable with directly regulating speech to try to prevent social and political harm. The epitome of the European approach is Germany's Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG), which requires platforms to enforce domestic hate speech laws within that country's borders. This general transformation, and NetzDG especially, have been met by nearly unanimous rebuke by digital free speech scholars, who argue that such measures might steer the platforms into creating a public sphere in which speech is stunted, and the values of free speech are not upheld. While acknowledging (to some extent, at least) the strength of these critiques, this Article argues that they may well be outweighed by how laws like NetzDG respond effectively to one of the major challenges of the new digital platform public sphere: its detachment from civil society and the public discourse of particular democratic societies. Digital platforms are moderating the digital public sphere from nowhere. This disconnection between the new information gatekeepers (the platforms) and the circumstances and needs of democratic states undermines the social conditions necessary for a healthy democracy. Specifically, the rise of a transnational digital sphere dominated by major digital platforms undermines traditional media gatekeepers' capacity to moderate the public debate. Without this guiding hand and without any legal regulation, the public debate quickly devolves, as is evident from the increasingly divisive impact online hate speech has on democratic societies. When tried-and-true social mechanisms—such as traditional media—are rendered ineffective, it makes sense to counteract the effects of hate speech and stabilize public debate by turning to legal speech regulation such as NetzDG. In at least this sense, we are likely to be better off with an internet influenced by European norms.