cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactions to Subordination: Attitudes of Southern Textile Workers

Previous studies of southern textiles have emphasized acquiescence in the face of mill power or integration through paternalism as the basis of worker attitudes. Factor and regression analyses of data on textile workers in one mill town reveal little to support these assumptions. Approval of the company or the union, of managerial capitalism or large-scale change reflects perceived self-interest rather than deference or acquiescence. White, better paid, and older workers support the company rather than the union. Black and less well-paid workers see the social structure as rewarding merit with substantial opportunity. The findings augur poorly for effective union pressure on the company because: union support is concentrated among those easiest to replace and with fewvest good employment alternatives; and those whose loyalty to the town uvould lead them to fight for change rather than seek a job elsewhere have no special tendency to support the union. This paper examines the attitudes of objectively disadvantaged industrial workers to learn how they make sense of, adjust to, and possibly act on their circumstances. Using data on textile workers, the analysis summarizes the relationships among attitudes toward opportunity, inequality, employer, union, job, town, and politics; and it attempts to uncover the social bases of these attitudes. Observers have long asked why southern textile workers for the most part have failed to respond to the low status, poor wages, unsafe conditions, and monotony of their jobs by any substantial efforts to better themselves individually or collectively (Simpson). While the last two de*An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1983 Southem Sociological Society meetings. I appreciate the helpful comments of L. Richard Della Fave, Virginia Hiday, Nelson Reid, Linda Reif, Joel Rosch, Michael Schulman, Mary Scheuer Senter, Donald TomaskovicDevey, Rhonda Zingraff, and anonymous referees on earlier drafts. The data were collected in cooperation with Michael Schulman, Rhonda Zingraff, Carrie Knowles, and Joel Rosch with funds from a Faculty Research and Professional Development grant at North Carolina State University. Address correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8107. ? 1986 The University of North Carolina Press
Prion protein functions as a ferrireductase partner for ZIP14 and DMT1

Excess circulating iron is stored in the liver, and requires reduction of non-Tf-bound iron (NTBI) and transferrin (Tf) iron at the plasma membrane and endosomes, respectively, by ferrireductase (FR) proteins for transport across biological membranes through divalent metal transporters. Here, we report that prion protein (PrP(C)), a ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein most abundant on neuronal cells, functions as a FR partner for divalent-metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and ZIP14. Thus, absence of PrP(C) in PrP-knock-out (PrP(-/-)) mice resulted in markedly reduced liver iron stores, a deficiency that was not corrected by chronic or acute administration of iron by the oral or intraperitoneal routes. Likewise, preferential radiolabeling of circulating NTBI with (59)Fe revealed significantly reduced uptake and storage of NTBI by the liver of PrP(-/-) mice relative to matched PrP(+/+) controls. However, uptake, storage, and utilization of ferritin-bound iron that does not require reduction for uptake were increased in PrP(-/-) mice, indicating a compensatory response to the iron deficiency. Expression of exogenous PrP(C) in HepG2 cells increased uptake and storage of ferric iron (Fe(3+)), not ferrous iron (Fe(2+)), from the medium, supporting the function of PrP(C) as a plasma membrane FR. Coexpression of PrP(C) with ZIP14 and DMT1 in HepG2 cells increased uptake of Fe(3+) significantly, and surprisingly, increased the ratio of N-terminally truncated PrP(C) forms lacking the FR domain relative to full-length PrP(C). Together, these observations indicate that PrP(C) promotes, and possibly regulates, the uptake of NTBI through DMT1 and Zip14 via its FR activity. Implications of these observations for neuronal iron homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions are discussed.
Outcomes after liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis are similar to alcoholic cirrhosis: Exploratory analysis from the UNOS database†

Data on liver transplantation for patients with alcoholic hepatitis are limited. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2004-2010), adults undergoing liver transplantation for a listing diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, and model for endstage disease (MELD) score, donor risk index, and year of transplantation with three patients transplanted for a listing diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. Study outcomes of graft and patient survival on follow-up were also analyzed for cohorts based on the diagnosis of the explant (46 alcoholic hepatitis and 138 alcoholic cirrhosis) and diagnosis at both listing as well as of the explant (11 alcoholic hepatitis and 33 alcoholic cirrhosis). Five-year graft and patient survival of alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis patients were 75% and 73% (P = 0.97) and 80% and 78% (P = 0.90), respectively. Five-year graft and patient survival rates were also similar for cohorts based on diagnosis of the explant and diagnosis at listing as well as explant. Cox proportional regression analysis adjusting for other variables showed no impact of the etiology of liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis versus alcoholic cirrhosis) on the graft and patient survival. The causes of graft loss and patient mortality were similar in the two groups, and were not alcohol-related in any patient. Conclusion: Compared with alcoholic cirrhosis, patients with alcoholic hepatitis have similar posttransplantation graft and patient survival. Based on these preliminary findings, liver transplantation may be considered in a select group of patients with alcoholic hepatitis who fail to improve with medical therapy. Prospective studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome after liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
A simple method for calculating apparent resistivity from electromagnetic sounding data

In this note the authors have introduced a simple method for calculating apparent resistivity from frequency-domain EM sounding data. The method is sufficiently simple for in-field use, provides valuable feedback of data quality, and gives qualitative evaluation of incoming results. The apparent resistivity spectra may be interpreted with existing MT software, but since curves do not closely approximate plane-wave conditions for all frequencies, this procedure should be used with caution. The scheme may be applied easily to frequency-domain configurations other than the loop-loop setup shown here, and the application of the method to time-domain EM sounding should simply require a Fourier transform of the appropriate generalized curves.
Centennial‐to‐millennial hydrologic trends and variability along the North Atlantic Coast, USA, during the Holocene

Geophysical and sedimentary records from five lakes in Massachusetts reveal regionally coherent hydrologic variability during the Holocene. All of the lakes have risen since ~9.0 ka, but multicentury droughts after 5.6 ka repeatedly lowered their water levels. Quantified water level histories from the three best-studied lakes share >70% of their reconstructed variance. Four prominent low-water phases at 4.9–4.6, 4.2–3.9, 2.9–2.1, and 1.3–1.2 ka were synchronous across coastal lakes, even after accounting for age uncertainties. The droughts also affected sites up to ~200 km inland, but water level changes at 5.6–4.9 ka appear out of phase between inland and coastal lakes. During the enhanced multicentury variability after ~5.6 ka, droughts coincided with cooling in Greenland and may indicate circulation changes across the North Atlantic region. Overall, the records demonstrate that current water levels are exceptionally high and confirm the sensitivity of water resources in the northeast U.S. to climate change.
Composition, Biomass, and Overstory Spatial Patterns in a Mature Pine-Hardwood Stand in Southeastern Arkansas

ABSTRACT A 1.21-ha plot was established in a mature pine–hardwood forest (Hyatt's Woods) along a low stream terrace in southeastern Arkansas. Compositionally, this stand had considerable arboreal richness, with 26 different tree species ≥9 cm in diameter. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) contributed 42% of the stand's 37.1 m2/ha of basal area; the remaining fraction included baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) and 24 hardwood species (no other single taxon exceeded 12%). Only a limited volume (15.2 m3/ha) of dead wood was encountered. The large size of the dominant conifers and abundance of high wood density hardwoods at Hyatt's Woods yielded a considerable quantity of biomass—at 317 Mg/ha, few stands in the region have more. With all species combined, tree stem location exhibited a random spatial pattern, but this changed when individual species were considered. For example, loblolly pine tended to be clustered on the higher portions of this relatively flat site, while white oak (Quercus alba) was well distribu...
A prospective assessment of the reliability of frozen section to direct intraoperative decision making in endometrial cancer

Abstract Objective To determine the reliability of intraoperative frozen sections (IFSs) for surgical staging of endometrial cancer (EC). Methods Data were collected prospectively on 784 consecutive patients with EC who were undergoing a hysterectomy at our institution from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2008. The need for surgical staging was decided through IFS using 4 variables: tumor size, histologic grade, histologic subtype, and depth of myometrial invasion (MI). The IFS results were compared with the permanent paraffin sections (PSs) to assess for discordances. Results In 30 of the 784 cases (4%), the PS pathology report was amended with discordant results. In addition, a definitive diagnosis of the 4 parameters was deferred to PS in 53 cases (7%), of which 30 (4%) were concordant and 23 (3%) were discordant. IFS-related deviations from the prescribed surgical algorithm occurred in 10 cases (1.3%; 95% confidence interval, 0.6%–2.3%). Of these 10 cases, 3 were amendments after PS review and 7 were IFS deferrals for definitive PS interpretation. Conclusions Clinically significant discordance between IFS and PS occurred in only 1.3% of cases. Despite skepticism expressed in the medical literature, IFS provides highly reliable data to guide intraoperative treatment decisions at institutions with sufficient pathologic expertise.
Discriminative Reranking for Semantic Parsing

Semantic parsing is the task of mapping natural language sentences to complete formal meaning representations. The performance of semantic parsing can be potentially improved by using discriminative reranking, which explores arbitrary global features. In this paper, we investigate discriminative reranking upon a baseline semantic parser, SCISSOR, where the composition of meaning representations is guided by syntax. We examine if features used for syntactic parsing can be adapted for semantic parsing by creating similar semantic features based on the mapping between syntax and semantics. We report experimental results on two real applications, an interpreter for coaching instructions in robotic soccer and a natural-language database interface. The results show that reranking can improve the performance on the coaching interpreter, but not on the database interface.
Validation of Simulated Runoff From Six Terrestrial Ecosystem Models: Results From Vemap

Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP) Phase 2 model experiments investigated the response of biogeochemical and dynamic global veg- etation models (DGVMs) to differences in climate over the conterminous United States. This was accomplished by simulating ecosystem processes using historical climate and atmospheric CO2 records from 1895-1993. We evaluated the behavior of six models (Biome- BGC, Century, GTEC, LPJ, MC1, and TEM) by comparing simulated runoff in 13 water- sheds to gauged streamflow from the Hydro-Climatic Data Network. Metrics used to assess the ''goodness of fit'' between simulated and observed values were: (1) Pearson's r to evaluate the overall data set, (2) Kendall's t to gauge seasonality trends as derived from a time- series analysis of monthly runoff, and (3) three measures of absolute and relative error. We found small differences in performance among the six models over all watersheds. However, the models yielded highly divergent results depending upon the watershed an- alyzed. Performance of the ensemble of models in a watershed was positively correlated with observed streamflow: models in the wettest watersheds in this study were associated with the highest model correlations and largest absolute errors, and models in the driest watersheds were associated with the lowest correlations and smallest absolute errors. Mean relative error was small and nearly constant across watersheds. A bias estimator showed that the models tended to underestimate runoff in wet watersheds and overestimate runoff in dry watersheds. Analysis of long-term trends in runoff using a moving-average approach demonstrated the ability of the models to reproduce temporal variation in observed data, even though quantitative differences among models were large. Models relying on prescribed vegetation (Biome-BGC, Century, and TEM) outper- formed the two DGVMs (LPJ and MC1); GTEC gave the poorest fit to observations due to the absence of an evaporation function and a snow routine. Across all 13 watersheds, TEM ranked the highest in model performance. The validation results presented here suggest that improvements in the simulation of hydrologic processes in land-surface models will come, in part, from a more realistic representation of subgrid-scale soil moisture and from a more detailed understanding and representation of subsurface processes.
Discriminative effects of massed extincttion.

Prior studies have reported that generalization gradients are not steepened if periods of non-reinforcement in S— follow and are not interspersed with periods of reinforcement in S+. Sharper gradients are produced by this massed-extinction procedure if it is preceded by prior discriminative training on a dimension orthogonal to the S+, S— dimension. The present study, using pigeons, found that generalization gradients along the wavelength dimension were steepened by massed-extinction sessions in 570 nm that had been preceded by: (1) discriminative training in which the S+ was a 550-nm light and the S— was a black vertical line superimposed on the 550-nm light; Final Acceptance (2) non-differential reinforcement training with a 550-nm light and a black vertical line superimposed on the 550-nm light; Final Acceptance (3) reinforcement training with only the 550-nm light. Massed-extinction sessions were administered until the response rate in the presence of the 570-nm stimulus was one-tenth of the mean response rate in the presence of the 550-nm stimulus during prior reinforcement training. Prior studies have used a time-dependent criterion, rather than a response-rate criterion of extinction, and this difference may be responsible for the differences in the effects of massed extinction on stimulus control.
Terrorism: Current Readings

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human life. It existed during Biblical times when Joseph, the seventeen‐year‐old son of Jacob, was kidnapped and sold into slavery by his jealous brothers. Although terrorists have been active throughout history, it is only recently that we have seen an increase in scholarly interest in the phenomenon of terrorism. One reason for this is the fact that terrorist activities have increased dramatically since the 1960s. Everyday we read in the newspapers and hear on radio and television details of the latest terrorist outrage. Many American colleges and universities now offer a course or two on terrorism as a part of their curriculum.
It’s not your fault: The social costs of claiming discrimination on behalf of someone else

Two experiments examined responses to bystanders who claimed that another person experienced discrimination. Participants read about a woman or man who experienced sexism and whose co-worker (male or female) either expressed sympathy or claimed that the target experienced sexism. Participants then evaluated the co-worker (bystander). Overall, participants evaluated bystanders who claimed that someone else experienced discrimination more negatively than they evaluated bystanders who did not claim discrimination. Furthermore, female bystanders who claimed discrimination on behalf of someone else were derogated more than male bystanders who did the same. Additional analyses indicated that female bystanders who claimed that another person experienced discrimination were derogated more than male bystanders who did so because the former threatened participants’ beliefs about the fairness of status differences to a greater extent than the later.
Resonances of perfectly conducting wires and bodies of revolution buried in a lossy dispersive half-space

The method of moments (MoM) is utilized to compute the complex resonant frequencies and modal currents of perfectly conducting wires and bodies of revolution buried in a lossy dispersive half space. To make such an analysis tractable computationally, the half-space Green's function is computed via the method of complex images, with appropriate modifications made to account for the complex frequencies characteristic of resonant modes. Results are presented for wires and bodies of revolution buried in lossy soil using frequency-dependent measured parameters for the complex permittivity, and we demonstrate that the resonant frequencies generally vary with target depth. In addition to presenting results, relevant issues are addressed concerning the numerical computation of buried-target resonant frequencies.
A Research Agenda for Sexual Revictimization: Priority Areas and Innovative Statistical Methods

Sexual violence against women is a significant problem with serious consequences for women's well-being, including an increased risk of subsequent sexual violence (or revictimization). Although there is substantial and mounting research about sexual revictimization, significant knowledge gaps remain. The factors and processes that drive revictimization are still largely unknown, and thus, little evidence exists to inform revictimization prevention interventions. Given the increased research attention to revictimization, this is an appropriate juncture to take stock of what is known about revictimization and to prioritize next steps for research. This article develops an agenda for further research by identifying three priority areas for investigation, including prospective research, revictimization resilience, and contextualizing revictimization. Next, the article overviews cutting-edge statistical methods that offer innovative ways to investigate these priority areas including growth, multilevel, and per...
Exploring the Influence of Culture on Career Through the Career‐in‐Culture Interview

This study sought to understand how culture in general affects career development. Using an adapted version of the Career-in-Culture Interview (Ponterotto, Rivera, & Sueyoshi, 2000), the authors interviewed 14 adults from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Through a qualitative analysis of the interviews, themes were identified based on 4 of the interview questions and were reported based on occupations the participants were aware of while growing up, their cultural and ethnic backgrounds, religious/spiritual backgrounds, and family influence. These themes promote a developmental consideration of career-related issues in counseling. The findings can help counselors better work with clients by focusing not just on the individual but also on cultural influences on career development.
The protection mechanism of proline from D-galactosamine hepatitis involves the early activation of ROS-eliminating pathway in the liver.

The oral pre-administration of proline, one on the non-essential amino acids, has been shown to effectively protect the liver from D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury and dramatically improve the survival rate. In the previous study, we reported that protective effect of proline involves the early activation of IL-6/STAT-3 pathway, an anti-inflammatory and regenerative signaling in the liver. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mediator of cellular injury and play an important role in hepatic damage during GalN-induced hepatitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of proline on ROS-eliminating system. The activities of major ROS-detoxifying enzymes, i.e., glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, and the level of glutathione in the liver were determined. Catalase activity was significantly upregulated in proline group from 0 to 3 h after GalN-injection, although GP and GR were downregulated during this period, compared with control group. From 6 to 12 h, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly higher and the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) tended to be higher in proline group. Consistently with this, at 6 h, the GR activity in the proline group was significantly higher, followed with the higher tendency of GP activity at 12 h. Catalase activity was also significantly higher at 12 h. Taken together, catalase was activated at the beginning, followed with the significant activation of glutathione redox system around 6 to 12 h in proline group. These results suggest that the elimination of ROS in the liver was accelerated in proline group compared with control group at the very early stage of GalN-induced hepatitis.
The crystallography and texture of Co-based thin film deposited on Cr underlayers

Some of the evidence for the effect of Cr orientation on the crystallographic orientation of Co-based thin films is presented. The authors review four experimental techniques that can be used to investigate the orientation relationships (OR) between the magnetic Co-based film and the Cr underlayer. These techniques are X-ray diffraction, selected area (electron) diffraction (SAD), electron microdiffraction, and atomic resolution electron microscopy of cross sections of the bi-layer films. The authors focus on the crystallographic orientation relationships between the grains in the magnetic film and those in the Cr (BCC) underlayer. The magnetic films discussed are all alloys of Co, usually with HCP structure. >
Phylogenetic inference: how much evolutionary history is knowable?

In order to reconstruct phylogenetic trees from extremely dissimilar sequences it is necessary to estimate accurately the extent of sequence divergence. In this paper a new method of sequence analysis, Markov triple analysis, is developed for determining the relative frequencies of nucleotide substitutions within the three branches of a threetaxon dendrogram. Assuming that nucleotide sites are independently and identically distributed and assuming a Markov model for nucleotide (or protein) evolution, it is shown that the unique Markov matrices can be reconstructed given only the joint probability distribution relating three taxa. (In the much simpler case involving only two taxa and two character states, Markov matrices can also be reconstructed, provided symmetry assumptions are placed on the elements of the matrices.) The method is illustrated using sequence data from the combined first and second codon positions derived from complete human, mouse, and cow mitochondrial sequences.
Verification of Receipts from M-commerce Transactions on NFC Cellular Phones

A main challenge in mobile commerce is to make it possible for users to manage their transaction histories from both online e-commerce transactions and in-person transactions. Such histories are typically useful to build credit or to establish trust based on past transactions. In this paper we propose an approach to manage electronic receipts on cellular devices by assuring their secure and privacy-preserving usage. We provide a comprehensive notion of transactions history including both on-line transaction and in-person transactions. We apply cryptographic protocols, such as secret sharing and zero knowledge proofs, in a potentially vulnerable and constrained setting. Specifically, our approach supports flexible strategies based on Shamir's secret sharing to cater to different user requirements and architectural constraints. In addition, aggregate zero knowledge proofs are used to efficiently support proofs of various receipt attributes. We have implemented the system on Nokia NFC cellular phones and report in the paper performance evaluation results.
Cross-Intron Bridging Interactions in the Yeast Commitment Complex Are Conserved in Mammals

Abstract The commitment complex is the first defined step in the yeast (S. cerevisiae) splicing pathway. It contains U1 snRNP as well as Mud2p, which resembles human U2AF65. In a genetic screen, we identified the yeast gene MSL-5 , which is a novel commitment complex component. Genetic and biochemical criteria indicate a direct interaction between Msl5p and both Mud2p and the U1 snRNP protein Prp40p. This defines a bridge between the two ends of the intron. Msl5p (renamed BBP for branchpoint bridging protein) has a mammalian ortholog, the splicing factor SF1. Our results show that SF1 interacts strongly with human U2AF65, and that SF1 is a bona fide E complex component. This implies that aspects of these novel cross-intron protein–protein interactions are conserved between yeast and mammals.
REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF A PROTANDRIC SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITE, THE SHRIMP LYSMATA WURDEMANNI (DECAPODA: CARIDEA: HIPPOLYTIDAE)

The temporal pattern of population abundance, breeding, and recruitment of the marine shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni is described and analyzed. A population inhabiting the rock jetty in Port Aransas, Texas, U.S.A., was sampled monthly for one year and then bimonthly in a second. Abundances were greatest in the summer, declining during the fall to zero values in early winter, with increases in the late winter and early spring. The disappearance of the population in early winter is attributed to its movement beneath the jetty or to some other location inaccessible to sampling. When the population reappeared in late winter to early spring, it contained a high proportion of larger (older) individuals. The breeding season was seasonal but extended. Most female-phase individuals (FPs) incubated broods of embryos continuously during the warmer months (spring through early fall). Spawning of a new brood occurred soon after hatching of the previous one, as shown by the significant positive correlation between the degree of embryonic development (nearness to hatching) in an FP and the degree of ovarian maturation (nearness to spawning) in its ovotestes. Male-phase individuals (MPs) changing to FPs were found throughout most of the year. Their relative abundance was greatest in late winter to early spring when a group of large MPs, far past minimum FP size, finally changed sex. Recruitment occurred primarily in the spring and summer in both years, although its timing and intensity varied between years. The observed pattern of breeding, recruitment, and population abundances of Lysmata wurdemanni is what might be expected of a primarily tropical species living in an area transitional between the tropical Caribbean and warm temperate Gulf of Mexico biogeographical provinces. The breeding pattern of this shrimp, with an unusual hermaphroditic sexual system, is not strikingly unusual or different from that of gonochoristic shallow-water carideans.
Control of phosphorus concentration through adsorption and desorption in shallow groundwater of subtropical carbonate estuary

Abstract The changes in the proportion of fresh and marine water sources in coastal mixing zones can affect phosphorus (P) availability, one of the important drivers of primary productivity. This study focuses on an abiotic portion of the P cycle in the mangrove ecotone of Taylor Slough, coastal Everglades, Florida. We investigated the P sorption properties of sediment with three distinct water sources in this region: 1) fresh groundwater from the inland Everglades, 2) bicarbonate enriched groundwater from the mangrove ecotone, and 3) surface saltwater from Florida Bay. Soluble reactive P (SPR) in ecotone groundwater exhibit markedly low sorption efficiency (K d = 0.2 L g −1 ) onto the sediment compared to fresh groundwater and Florida Bay water (11.3 L g −1 and 3.4 L g −1 , respectively). The low SRP buffering capacity of the sediment in ecotone groundwater would maintain a higher ambient water SRP concentration in ecotone groundwater than in the other two waters. The relative sorption efficiency is consistent with the measured zero equilibrium SRP concentration being highest in ecotone groundwater (0.094 ± 0.003 μM) and lower in fresh groundwater and Florida Bay surface water (0.075 ± 0.005 μM and 0.058 ± 0.004 μM, respectively). The temporal variability of SRP concentration in groundwater at the ecotone field station is greater than the range of zero equilibrium SRP concentration for all three waters, so very low SRP concentration in the ambient water would induce desorption of P from the sediment. Such desorption processes would result in a higher ambient SRP concentration in ecotone groundwater than the other two water types. Our results suggest that ecotone groundwater, due to its higher bicarbonate content, would release more SRP from mangrove sediments compared to the upstream and downstream waters, as evidenced by both its lower P sorption efficiency and its higher zero equilibrium SRP concentration.
Total Synthesis of (-)-Enigmazole A.

A highly convergent, stereocontrolled total synthesis of the architecturally complex marine sponge metabolite (−)-enigmazole A has been achieved. Highlights include an unprecedented late-stage large-fragment Petasis–Ferrier union/rearrangement, a multicomponent Type I Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC) tactic, and a dithiane–epoxide union in conjunction with an oxazole-directed stereoselective reduction.
Contaminants of emerging concern in a large temperate estuary

This study was designed to assess the occurrence and concentrations of a broad range of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from three local estuaries within a large estuarine ecosystem. In addition to effluent from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), we sampled water and whole-body juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) in estuaries receiving effluent. We analyzed these matrices for 150 compounds, which included pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), and several industrial compounds. Collectively, we detected 81 analytes in effluent, 25 analytes in estuary water, and 42 analytes in fish tissue. A number of compounds, including sertraline, triclosan, estrone, fluoxetine, metformin, and nonylphenol were detected in water and tissue at concentrations that may cause adverse effects in fish. Interestingly, 29 CEC analytes were detected in effluent and fish tissue, but not in estuarine waters, indicating a high potential for bioaccumulation for these compounds. Although concentrations of most detected analytes were present at relatively low concentrations, our analysis revealed that overall CEC inputs to each estuary amount to several kilograms of these compounds per day. This study is unique because we report on CEC concentrations in estuarine waters and whole-body fish, which are both uncommon in the literature. A noteworthy finding was the preferential bioaccumulation of CECs in free-ranging juvenile Chinook salmon relative to staghorn sculpin, a benthic species with relatively high site fidelity.
An Experimental Study of Shear-Dominated Failure in the 2013 Sandia Fracture Challenge Specimen

This report presents an experimental study motivated by results obtained during the 2013 Sandia Fracture Challenge. The challenge involved A286 steel, shear-dominated compression specimens whose load-deflection response contained a load maximum fol- lowed by significant displacement under decreasing load, ending with a catastrophic fracture. Blind numerical simulations deviated from the experiments well before the maximum load and did not predict the failure displacement. A series of new tests were conducted on specimens machined from the original A286 steel stock to learn more about the deformation and failure processes in the specimen and potentially improve future numerical simulations. The study consisted of several uniaxial tension tests to explore anisotropy in the material, and a set of new tests on the compression speci- men. In some compression specimen tests, stereo digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure the surface strain fields local to the region of interest. In others, the compression specimen was loaded to a given displacement prior to failure, unloaded, sectioned, and imaged under the microscope to determine when material damage first appeared and how it spread. The experiments brought the following observations to light. The tensile tests revealed that the plastic response of the material is anisotropic. DICmore » during the shear- dominated compression tests showed that all three in-plane surface strain components had maxima in the order of 50% at the maximum load. Sectioning of the specimens revealed no signs of material damage at the point where simulations deviated from the experiments. Cracks and other damage did start to form approximately when the max- imum load was reached, and they grew as the load decreased, eventually culminating in catastrophic failure of the specimens. In addition to the steel specimens, a similar study was carried out for aluminum 7075-T651 specimens. These specimens achieved much lower loads and displacements, and failure occurred very close to the maximum in the load-deflection response. No material damage was observed in these specimens, even when failure was imminent. In the future, we plan to use these experimental results to improve numerical simu- lations of the A286 steel experiments, and to improve plasticity and failure models for the Al 7075 stock. The ultimate goal of our efforts is to increase our confidence in the results of numerical simulations of elastic-plastic structural behavior and failure.« less
Persistence of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) polymorphism in long-term lymphoid lines.

SummaryLong-term lymphoid lines are useful in studying the relationship of an individual's genotype in vivo and in vitro. The persistence of the PGM1 phenotype in these established lines serves as a consistent, reliable genetic marker which can be used in a variety of studies and be related directly back to the cell line donor. This experimental advantage was heretofore not available in established heteroploid monolayer lines, or in diploid fibroblasts, which are not capable of continuous vigorous growth beyond a finite number of generations.We thank Dr. Daniel Stites for providing us with blood samples.
Reactions of Deprotonated Tyrosine and Tryptophan with Electronically Excited Singlet Molecular Oxygen (a1Δg): A Guided-Ion-Beam Scattering, Statistical Modeling, and Trajectory Study

The reactions of deprotonated tyrosine ([Tyr-H](-)) and tryptophan ([Trp-H](-)) with the lowest electronically excited state of molecular oxygen O(2)[a(1)Δ(g)] have been studied in the gas phase, including the measurement of the effects of collision energy (E(col)) on reaction cross sections over a center-of-mass E(col) range from 0.05 to 1.0 eV. [Tyr-H](-) and [Trp-H](-) were generated using electrospray ionization, and both have a pure carboxylate anion structure in the gas phase. Density functional theory calculations and RRKM modeling were used to examine properties of various complexes, transition states, and products that might be important along the reaction coordinate. It was found that deprotonation of Tyr and Trp results in a large effect on their (1)O(2)-mediated oxidation. For [Tyr-H](-), the reaction corresponds to the formation of a hydroperoxide intermediate, followed by intramolecular H transfer and subsequent dissociation to product ion 4-(2-aminovinyl)phenolate, and neutral H(2)O(2) and CO(2). Despite that the reaction is 1.83 eV exothermic, the reaction cross section shows a threshold-like behavior at low E(col) and increases with increasing E(col), suggesting that the reaction bears an activation barrier above the reactants. Quasi-classical, direct dynamics trajectory simulations were carried out for [Tyr-H](-) + (1)O(2) at E(col) = 0.75 eV, using B3LYP/4-31G* level of theory. Trajectories demonstrated the intermediacy of complexes at the early stage of the reaction. A similar product channel was observed in the reaction of [Trp-H](-) with (1)O(2), yielding product ion 3-(2-aminovinyl)indol-1-ide, H(2)O(2) and CO(2). However, the reaction cross section of [Trp-H](-) is strongly suppressed by E(col) and becoming negligible at E(col) > 1.0 eV, indicating that this reaction proceeds without energy barriers above the reactants.
Problems Existed in Medical Equipment Acquisition by Calling for Tenders and their Countermeasures-Practice with Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

This paper analyses some common problems encountered in medical equipment acquisition by calling for tenders. And a countermeasure by applying multi-attribute utility theory is put forwarded and discussed. It is hoped that this strategy will draw more attention and discussing among counterparts pertaining medical instruments purchasing by calling for tenders.
Identification of QTLs for Yield Traits in the BC_1F_5 Population of Xieqingzao B//Xieqingzao B/Dongxiang Wild Rice

A rice population consisting of 202 BC1F5 lines of the interspecies cross Xieqingzao B (Oryza sativa) //Xieqingzao B/Dongxiang wild rice (O. rufipogon) was tested in 2 years at the same trial site. A total of 23 QTLs for yield traits were detected using a linkage map consisting of 149 markers. The numbers of QTLs detected for individual traits were 2 for the number of panicle per plant (NP), 4 for the number of filled grains per panicle (NFGP), 6 for the total number of spikelets per panicle (TNSP), 5 for spikelet fertility (SF), 4 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT) and 2 for grain yield per plant (GYD). Nine of the QTLs had the enhancing alleles from the Dongxiang wild rice, including 2 for NP, 1 for NFGP, 5 for TNSP and 1 for TGWT. Six of them were located in intervals where QTLs for yield traits have been reported in other studies using 9 interspecies populations. The 23 QTLs were distributed in all the 12 rice chromosomes except chromosome 11. Eighteen of the QTLs were located in 8 clusters. The enhancing alleles were from Xieqingzao B in 4 clusters and from the Dongxiang wild rice in 2 clusters, while the allelic direction in the remaining clusters varied for different traits.
Hydroponic Fodder Systems for Dairy Cattle

There is renewed interest in hydroponic fodder systems for dairy, livestock or poultry operations. The thought of putting one pound of seed into a hydroponic system producing 10 times its weight in fodder is appealing. However, the actual dry matter weight of the original grain to the fodder produced may or may not increase. Research reviews are very inconsistent in any dry matter production or animal performance benefits. The aim of this analysis is to assist producers weigh the high production costs of hydroponic fodder systems relative to any real or perceived nutritional benefits gained from feeding hydroponic fodder.
Couples Therapy for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem accompanied by substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite its documented impact on health, there is no widely recognized treatment of choice. Some studies indicate that couples suffering from situational violence may benefit from couples therapy, but professionals are cautious to risk the possibility of violent retaliation between partners. After a comprehensive literature search of 1,733 citations, this systematic review and meta-analysis compiles the results of six studies to investigate the effectiveness of couples therapy as a treatment for violence. Preliminary data suggest that couples therapy is a viable treatment in select situations.
A rare case of anal carcinosarcoma with human papilloma virus infection in both biphasic tumor elements: An immunohistochemical, molecular and ultrastructural study

Carcinosarcoma of the anus is rare and has yet to be reportedly associated with the keratinocyte-specific Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). We describe a case of anal carcinosarcoma with HPV infection in both the epithelial and mesenchymal components of the tumor by immunohistochemistry, chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) and further supported by electron microscopy (EM). Microscopic examination of the tumor showed nests of poorly-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma with basaloid features intermixed with a hypercellular, atypical spindle cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the epithelial component was positive for AE1/AE3, p63, CK5/6 and p16, whilst the mesenchymal component was positive for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and focally positive for desmin and p16, consistent with carcinosarcoma. The tumor was negative for GATA-3, CK7 and CK20. CISH demonstrated that the tumor was positive for high risk HPV (subtype 16/18) in both tumor components. EM further supported the presence of intracellular virus particles (~50 nm) that is compatible with HPV infection. Infection of both epithelial and mesenchymal tumor components by HPV has not been previously observed in the gastrointestinal tract. This finding may represent initial epithelial HPV infection with subsequent divergent tumoral differentiation and suggests the presence of viral replication in both biphasic tumor components.
"Always a Tall Order": Values and Practices of Professional Game Designers of Serious Games for Health

Serious games for health utilize game media to help players attain health-related goals. Game designers play a crucial role in this growing game genre; they focus on particularly challenging design problems that are not well represented in the literature. In this study, we interviewed 11 professional game designers focused on games for health to explore how they perceived and approached their work. Our findings revealed how our participants considered "success" and the challenges of designing games for health; we also identified various methods and tools used in their practice. Additionally, we found that our participants were very user-centric and tended to focus almost equally on the problem and the solution spaces when approaching game design. The insights presented in this study will be of interest to games for health researchers and designers. This work also contributes to bridging the research-practice gap in the community exploring games as purposeful media.
A Preliminary Analysis of Children’s Value Systems as an Underlying Dimension of their Preference for Advertisements: A Cognitive Development Approach

Children are a meaningful consumer segment, and many children are making independent purchases. An important underlying dimension of the process of learning to be a consumer is the development of a...
Design and Demonstration of a 2.5-D Glass Interposer BGA Package for High Bandwidth and Low Cost

Consumer demand for mobile services is expected to grow with the continued proliferation of connected devices including smartphones, wearables, and Internet of things. As a result, high-performance computing systems that support the core network and cloud infrastructures for these connected devices require unprecedented die-to-die bandwidth at low latency. To achieve next-generation performance requirements and to apply to commercial products, fundamental parameters for 2.5-D interposers are considered including: 1) high interconnect density at short interconnect length; 2) low power consumption; and 3) low packaging cost. The 2.5-D glass interposer described in this paper is superior to silicon interposer in cost and electrical performance, and to organic interposer in interconnect density. This paper describes a 2.5-D glass interposer as a ball grid array (BGA) package to achieve high bandwidth at low cost to improve bandwidth per unit watt signal power per unit dollar cost (BWF) compared to both silicon and organic interposers. Due to its high modulus and excellent surface finish, glass affords ultrafine line lithography to form high-density interconnects comparable to silicon, and the process described in this paper goes beyond silicon back-end-of-line processes by implementing a double-side semi-additive process (SAP) at increased copper layer thickness. This thicker metallization results in reduced conductor losses and improved bandwidth per channel compared to silicon. In addition, the low loss tangent of glass reduces dielectric losses in nets requiring through vias including clock distribution and high-speed off-package signals. Availability of glass in thin panel as well as in roll-to-roll formats beyond 500 mm in size reduces packaging cost compared to 300-mm wafer silicon interposer. The focus of this paper is on the integration of three enabling technologies: 1) advanced SAP for high-density redistribution layers (RDLs); 2) excimer laser ablation of RDL vias; and 3) fine-pitch thermocompression bonding with copper pillar die assembly—for a 2.5-D glass interposer at interconnect densities comparable to that of silicon to achieve terabit per second interdie bandwidth at highest BWF.
Mobilizing social media users to become advertisers: Corporate hashtag campaigns as a public health concern.

ObjectiveWith the growing popularity of social media, corporate marketers are increasingly launching hashtag campaigns to encourage consumers to create branded user-generated content on their behalves. If successful, these campaigns may expand the reach of harmful marketing messages and capitalize on peer-effects among adolescents. To shed light on these novel corporate campaigns, we performed a case study of the user-generated Instagram content created in response to a hashtag campaign promoting the quick-service restaurant Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC).MethodsWe performed a content analysis of one week’s worth of user-generated Instagram posts created with the hashtag #HowDoYouKFC between 24 April 2015–1 May 2015. Posts were coded to discern: (a) relevance to KFC as a brand and/or food; (b) themes in the post, (c) the content of images/videos, and (d) overall sentiment toward KFC. Posts that were deleted or made private during the study period were removed. Descriptive statistics were calculated to disce...
Colonic mesenteric lymphatic malformation presenting as an intraabdominal abscess in an infant: A case report

Abstract Introduction Lymphatic malformations are low-flow vascular malformations most commonly located in the head and neck; isolated intraabdominal involvement is rare. Presentation of case An 8-month-old previously healthy male presented with a 9-day history of fevers. On examination, right-sided abdominal tenderness was noted. Ultrasound revealed a large heterogeneous mass, and CT scan revealed a rim-enhancing cystic mass adjacent to the right colon. Laboratory investigation including blood cultures was normal. His fever resolved with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a large, firm mass arising from the mesentery of the right colon. An open right hemicolectomy with ileocolonic anastomosis was performed. The infant tolerated the procedure well, and he was discharged home on postoperative day four, pathologic examination identified a mesenteric lymphatic malformation with secondary abscess formation. Conclusion This atypical presentation of an uncommon entity was instructive in several ways, particularly illustrating the diagnostic pitfalls that can be introduced by superinfection.