cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dust hypersensitiveness with special reference to castor bean

I r\’ THE study of castor bean dust hypersensitiveness we have an especially interesting phase of the dust problem in general. It is an unusual substance, and the instances in which individuals come in contact with it demonstrate the insidious manner in which antigenic dusts may be the inciting cause of allergic manifestations. The correlation with animal experimentation is singular. BerntonI in 1923 reported the case of an individual who worked in the laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Agriculture for a period of three years with no ill effects. After that time, however, he developed symptoms of sneezing, lacrimation and sweating of the forehead, etc. In the army for a period of two years he was absolutely free from attacks. Upon his return to the laboratory, he again developed these symptoms. Skin tests with an extract of castor bean mere positive, and Bernton concluded that occupational sensitizat,ion to castor bean is a definite condition. A few months later, Robbins’ reported the case of a student who, when working with the castor bean, developed apparent attacks of hay fever which became progressively more frequent and severe. It was then discovered that castor bean was the cause of the condition. The effect of the plant itself was similar to that of the bean. There was another instructor whose symptoms were entirely limited to the eyes. Shortly after that, Snel13 reported his own case of hypersensitiveness to castor bean. He stated that for years he handled the castor bean with impunity until one day he developed a severe attack of hay fever and violent itching of the skin. His attacks of hay fever occurred only in the laboratory the first three days of the meek when he taught the
Metabolic imprinting on genetically predisposed neural circuits perpetuates obesity

Abstract There is an obesity epidemic in the industrialized world that is not simply explained by excess energy intake and decreased energy expenditure. Persistent obesity develops when genetically predisposed individuals are in a chronic state of positive energy balance. Once established, the obese body weight is avidly defended against both over- and underfeeding. Animal studies have shown that lean individuals who are genetically predisposed toward obesity have abnormalities of neural function that prime them to become obese when caloric density of the diet is raised. These neural abnormalities are gradually “corrected” as obesity becomes fully developed, suggesting that obesity is the normal state for such individuals. Thus, defense of the obese body weight may be perpetuated by the formation of new neural circuits involved in energy-homeostasis pathways that are not then easily abolished. Such neural plasticity can occur in both adult life and during nervous-system development. Early pre- and postnatal metabolic conditions (maternal diabetes, obesity, undernutrition) can lead genetically predisposed offspring to become even more obese as adults. This enhanced obesity is associated with altered brain neural circuitry, and these changes can then be passed on to subsequent generations in a feed-forward cycle of ever-increasing body weight. Thus, the metabolic perturbations associated with obesity during both brain development and adult life can produce “metabolic imprinting” on genetically predisposed neural circuits involved in energy homeostasis. Drugs that reduce body weight decrease the defended body weight and alter neural pathways involved in energy homeostasis but have no permanent effect on body weight or neural function in most individuals. Thus, early intervention in mothers, infants, children, and adults may be the only way to prevent the formation of permanent neural connections that promote and perpetuate obesity in genetically predisposed individuals.
EPITAXIAL DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AlGaInP RED (650–690 nm) VCSELs

Progress in addressing critical epitaxial design issues associated with AlGaInP-based visible (red) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes is reviewed, with emphasis on those issues that differentiate red VCSELs from conventional AlGaAs-based near-IR VCSELs. Key issues include epitaxial growth techniques for red VCSELs, the unique properties of AlGaInP alloys and heterostructures, design and growth of visible distributed Bragg reflectors, and integration of AlGaInP and AlGaAs hetero-structures into the hybrid VCSEL device structure. The performance characteristics of AlGaInP/AlGaAs red VCSEL diodes are overviewed in the context of the epitaxial design.
The Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts

Tree-ring data from Virginia indicate that the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island disappeared during the most extreme drought in 800 years (1587-1589) and that the alarming mortality and the near abandonment of Jamestown Colony occurred during the driest 7-year episode in 770 years (1606-1612). These extraordinary droughts can now be implicated in the fate of the Lost Colony and in the appalling death rate during the early occupations at Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America.
Credit scheduling and prefetching in hypervisors using Hidden Markov Models

The advances in data storage technologies like Storage Area Networking (SAN), virtualization of servers and storage, cloud computing have revolutionized the way the data is stored. A large number of business organizations, universities, hospitals, research organizations are now deploying SAN, not as a luxury but as a necessity. Scientific research organizations like NASA process terabytes of data every day. Accurate analysis and processing of the experimental data call for a need to efficiently store and retrieve the data to and from data storage media. Similarly social websites like YouTube, FaceBook handle large amounts of data every minute. So, the robust performance of any computing and retrieval applications demands a reduction in the latency of data access. Hidden Markov Models (HMM) have been successfully used by researchers to predict data patterns in the areas of speech recognition, gene prediction, cryptanalysis etc. The goal of this research is to reduce the scheduling delay in hypervisors and the latency of reading blocks of data from the disk array using Hidden Markov Models (HMM) in a server virtualized environment. HMM was implemented to identify patterns of read requests issued and exploited to reduce the overall read response time of a server. A Gaussian HMM is used to reduce the scheduling delay and a discrete HMM is used to reduce the read response time. Results observed using HMM were very promising compared to results without HMM in decreasing the overall latency in data access.
derrière: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus.

TGF-beta signaling plays a key role in induction of the Xenopus mesoderm and endoderm. Using a yeast-based selection scheme, we isolated derriere, a novel TGF-beta family member that is closely related to Vg1 and that is required for normal mesodermal patterning, particularly in posterior regions of the embryo. Unlike Vg1, derriere is expressed zygotically, with RNA localized to the future endoderm and mesoderm by late blastula, and to the posterior mesoderm by mid-gastrula. The derriere expression pattern appears to be identical to the zygotic expression domain of VegT (Xombi, Brat, Antipodean), and can be activated by VegT as well as fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In turn, derriere activates expression of itself, VegT and eFGF, suggesting that a regulatory loop exists between these genes. derriere is a potent mesoderm and endoderm inducer, acting in a dose-dependent fashion. When misexpressed ventrally, derriere induces a secondary axis lacking a head, an effect that is due to dorsalization of the ventral marginal zone. When misexpressed dorsally, derriere suppresses head formation. derriere can also posteriorize neurectoderm, but appears to do so indirectly. Together, these data suggest that derriere expression is compatible only with posterior fates. In order to assess the in vivo function of derriere, we constructed a dominant interfering Derriere protein (Cm-Derriere), which preferentially blocks Derriere activity relative to that of other TGFbeta family members. Cm-derriere expression in embryos leads to posterior truncation, including defects in blastopore lip formation, gastrulation and neural tube closure. Normal expression of anterior and hindbrain markers is observed; however, paraxial mesodermal gene expression is ablated. This phenotype can be rescued by wild-type derriere and by VegT. Our findings indicate that derriere plays a crucial role in mesodermal patterning and development of posterior regions in Xenopus.
Don't forget to test! [electronic security systems]

Oftentimes, one of the first aspects of electronic security systems fielding projects to be sacrificed in the name of "cost control" or "schedule constraints" is the final test and checkout of the installed system. This paper presents sound rationale for conducting thorough acceptance testing and points out that the performance of these systems cannot truly be verified without a 100% end-to-end test.
Polynucleotide base-pair orientation in solution: linear dichroism and molecular mechanical studies of poly[d(A)]-poly[d(T)].

Model helices for poly[d(A)]-poly[d(T)] in solution were constructed based on the base orientations determined by linear dichroism [LD; S. P. Edmondson & W. C. Johnson, Jr. (1985) Biopolymers24, 824–841] and refined by molecular mechanical energy minimization. The results demonstrate that poly[d(A)]-poly[d(T)] can form energetically stable conformations with the base orientations measured by LD. Further, only one of the four possible base-pair orientations that are consistent with the LD results is feasible. Models with negative base tilts had large potential energies, indicating that the LD results do not reflect base motions. The LD models of poly[d(A)]-poly[d(T)] are stabilized mainly by intrastrand base-stacking interactions, particularly for the adenine strand.
The Effects of Problem Representation on the Sure-Thing and Substitution Principles

This paper reports an experimental investigation of the effects of three forms of problem representation on compliance with the Sure-Thing and Substitution Principles. The most common form of representation, written problem statements, was compared with two visual representations: decision matrices with each column proportional in size to the probability of the corresponding event and tubes containing 100 labeled balls. The proportional matrices led to fewer violations of both principles. Moreover, when subjects were trained to construct proportional matrices from written problem statements, they exhibited even fewer violations.
Rare earth yields in the interaction of 28-GeV protons with uranium, bismuth and gold

Abstract Cross sections for the formation of a number of lanthanides by the interaction of 28-GeV protons with uranium, bismuth, and gold were measured by a radiochemical method. Yield-vs.-mass curves and some information concerning the charge dispersion curves were deduced from the independent and cumulative cross sections. The yield-vs.-mass curve for uranium shows a rapid decrease with increasing mass in the region from A = 131 to A ≈ 150. The total isobaric yields appear to reach a valley or flat region at A ≈ 155. Examination of neutron deficient ( N Z ⩽ 1·38 ) and neutron excess products ( N Z > 1·38 ) indicates the observed decrease in the total yields is due primarily to a rapid decrease in yields of the neutron excess products. The charge dispersion curve for products from uranium in the rare earth region is double peaked. The valley separating the neutron excess and neutron deficient peaks is deeper in the europium region than that reported previously in the cesium region. Total isobaric yields in the mass 134–155 region from bismuth and gold targets are approximately constant at ≈11 mb, a higher value than those reported for products in the mass 72–131 region from lead targets. The charge dispersion curves for rare earth products from Bi and Au show single peaks on the neutron deficient side of stability. The results are discussed in terms of fission and spallation as possible mechanism leading to products in the rare earth region.
Quadratic frequency dependence of spinwave instability thresholds from fast-relaxing ions

The effects of fast-relaxing ions on the microwave frequency dependence of the spinwave instability threshold h/sub c/ and the imaginary permeability mu " of ferrites is examined. The role of fast relaxing ions in raising spinwave instability thresholds and average power absorption in microwave ferrites is analyzed by introducing rare-earth single-ion relaxation concepts into conventional FMR (ferrimagnetic resonance) theory. The agreement between theory and earlier experimental results confirms that the increase with frequency is quadratic for h/sub c/ and inverse linear for mu ". >
Postinfusion Phlebitis in Infants and Children How to Avoid This Complication

Infusion phlebitis occurs commonly in infants and children. The high frequency of phlebitis in infants with cutdowns appears to be the result of complete blocking of a small peripheral vein, thus not permitting the dilution and buffering of the infusate with blood. Generally, peripheral cutdowns should be used only when needle puncture is not feasible or when large fluid infusions or blood replacement are necessary. The acid pH of most commonly used glucose infusion solutions (3 to 5) causes chemical irritation to the endothelium which is then followed by inflammation and thrombosis. Buffering of glucose infusions with sodium bicarbonate immediately prior to administration has reduced the incidence of phlebitis in infants and children very significantly at the UCLA Hospital. A discussion of the major contributing factors to infusion phlebitis is presented here.
Risk for Suicide among Medicaid Beneficiaries.

Demographic, diagnostic, and service expenditure characteristics of Florida Medicaid enrollees who died by suicide were investigated. Among persons receiving Medicaid and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), findings indicate the most powerful predictors of suicide were involuntary psychiatric examination, mental health hospitalization, and high mental health service use. Among Medicaid enrollees not receiving SSI, strongest suicide predictors were mental health hospitalization, high expenditures for physical health medications, and involuntary psychiatric examination. Findings suggest reducing involuntary psychiatric examinations and mental health hospitalizations while improving physical health may reduce suicide in the Medicaid population. Comprehensive hospital discharge planning, adherence monitoring with follow-up care, training mental health providers in assessing suicide lethality, and providing adequate assessment time are all crucial to achieve these objectives.
Lectures on Gas Flow in Porous Media

The idea behind the lectures in this chapter is to present, in a relatively simple setting, that of solutions to porous media in one space dimension, several of the main ideas and the main techniques that are at the center of the regularity theory for nonlinear evolution equations and phase transitions. These include exploiting the invariances of the equation to obtain infinitesimal relations and geometric control of the solutions, the role of particular solutions to guide us in our theory and provide us with barriers and asymptotic profiles, the idea of viscosity solutions to a free boundary problem to deduce the geometric properties of the free boundary, and the methods of blowing up solutions and classifying the global profiles to obtain the differentiability properties of a free boundary.
Corporate funding and ideological polarization about climate change

Drawing on large-scale computational data and methods, this research demonstrates how polarization efforts are influenced by a patterned network of political and financial actors. These dynamics, which have been notoriously difficult to quantify, are illustrated here with a computational analysis of climate change politics in the United States. The comprehensive data include all individual and organizational actors in the climate change countermovement (164 organizations), as well as all written and verbal texts produced by this network between 1993–2013 (40,785 texts, more than 39 million words). Two main findings emerge. First, that organizations with corporate funding were more likely to have written and disseminated texts meant to polarize the climate change issue. Second, and more importantly, that corporate funding influences the actual thematic content of these polarization efforts, and the discursive prevalence of that thematic content over time. These findings provide new, and comprehensive, confirmation of dynamics long thought to be at the root of climate change politics and discourse. Beyond the specifics of climate change, this paper has important implications for understanding ideological polarization more generally, and the increasing role of private funding in determining why certain polarizing themes are created and amplified. Lastly, the paper suggests that future studies build on the novel approach taken here that integrates large-scale textual analysis with social networks.
The Importance of Photocopy Projects for Local and Regional History

I N the course of compiling and editing the Guide to Photocopied Historical Materials in the United States and Canada the condition of many resources for the study of local and regional history was brought forcefully to the attention of editors and others concerned. What was demonstrated beyond question was that reports on photocopied manuscripts indicated that, like an iceberg, only an eighth of the mass could be seen. Many manuscripts were submerged in the files of the repositories, unnoticed, unused, or simply unknown. This prevalent phenomenon indicates either that historians are ignorant of source materials available or that, because the materials are not readily available, historians do not use them. The major problem for the historian or other researcher is to know what is available and then to find his materials arranged for easy use. Subsidiary but directly related to the historian's problem is that of the depository, to preserve its resources and to make them known. Librarians and archivists are well aware that many of their manuscripts and other source materials are literally falling to pieces from age, wear, and lack of satisfactory storage conditions. One of many examples discovered by the American Historical Association's Committee on Documentary Reproduction is the pressing need for preservation of Swedish-language newspapers, a superb source for the study of an immigrant group and its adjustment to a new life in the Middle West. Published about a century ago, most of these newspapers are now disinte-
Solving Wholesalers’ Problems through Trading Area Research

IN APPROACHING this subject, trouble is encountered at the very outset because of the terms involved. The questions arise as to who is a "wholesaler," and what is a "trading area"? A wholesaler, according to a published report of the Committee on Definitions, is "a merchant middleman who sells to other middlemen and/or to industrial and commercial users, but who does not sell in significant amounts to ultimate consumers." (Definitions of Marketing Terms, Consolidated Report of the Committee on Definitions. The National Marketing Review, Vol. I, No. 2, Fall I935: p. I66.) This definition is somewhat too inclusive in its scope for the purpose of this paper. The present discussion is concerned more particularly with the general type of merchant middleman engaged primarily in selling consumers' goods to retailers. If, next, a definition is sought for "trading area," our glossary states that it is "a district whose boundaries are usually determined by the economical selling range for a commodity or group of related commodities sold by a middleman or group of middlemen located within the district." This definition seems to be satisfactory, but in a sentence or two farther along is the note that while it is a correct statement, it is difficult to comprehend; and further, that the term "trading area" is "one of the most kicked-about and nebulous of all terms used in marketing." Trading area research, as outlined in the remaining portion of this paper, means to discover, develop, verify, and interpret data which will help to solve the problems of the dealer who sells consumers' goods at wholesale to retailers located in a geographical area bounded by the economical selling range of the business center in which such wholesaler is situated. No matter how concisely one may be able to state his concept of trading area research, it is at once apparent that its scope has a great range of possibilities. Investigative activities may begin at many points, and their objectives may be as varied as the interests of the researcher or of those of his clients. Likewise, the techniques employed are by no means standardized. They too will depend upon the nature of the problems for which solutions are sought. In general, however, there are two basic problems of constant concern to wholesalers to which trading area research is particularly applicable. They are (i) the determination or delineation of the most economical trade territory in which to operate, and (2) to discover a basis for estimating the actual and potential business available in such territory. In non-technical language, a sales manager of a wholesale house would probably say he would like to know where his "natural trade territory" lies, and how he may calculate the stability and potentialities of the business available to him within it. The first of these problems is the least difficult because the factors involved are more tangible and stable than are those which involve the production of wealth, income and purchasing power. There is probably no such thing as a "natural trade territory" in the sense that a market area comes into existence
Functional Response of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Variation in Density of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The functional response of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) and Cardiochiles nigriceps Vierick to variation in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), density was determined in large field cages over squaring cotton. Wasps were released in cages containing various host densities. Three methods—logit analysis, logistic regression, and comparative curve fitting with 3 foraging models—were used for the analysis of functional response data. For both parasitoid species, the Rogers functional response model fit the data well. The search rate for M. croceipes (33.12 m2/d) was not significantly different than that for C. nigriceps (24.37 m2/d). Handling time for M. croceipes (≍7 min) was shorter than that for C. nigriceps (≍91 min). The functional response curves were significantly different between species for the Rogers model, and C. nigriceps females parasitized a greater proportion of H. virescens larvae on caged cotton than did M. croceipes females. Of the 2 species, C. nigriceps should out perform M. croceipes in a cotton field.
Selective Attachment of Synthetic DNA to Self-Assembled-Monolayer Functionalized Surfaces

Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films of organosilanes have been characterized as surfaces for the spatially-controlled, selective attachment of single-stranded synthetic DNA. Geometric patterns of DNA on silica substrates have been created by photochemical modification of the SAMs to produce regions which promote or resist DNA attachment. The attachment of DNA to the modified surfaces was followed using UV spectroscopy, radioassay, ellipsometry, and enzyme-linked colorimetric assay. We have also demonstrated that immobilized DNA is capable of hybridization with a complementary strand under stringent conditions.
In vivo staining of fat in tumor bearing mice by benzo (a) phenoxazine dyes.

Summary(1) S-phenylamino-9-dialkyl-aminobenzo[a]phenoxazine dyes stained fat in vivo when administered to mice in their food. (2) The fat staining properties of the dyes were not materially altered by substituents on the phenyl nucleus other than those of highly acidic nature, or by substitutions of the naphthyl group and certain nitrogen heterocyclic rings for the phenyl group. The 5-phenylamino-9-morpholinyl derivatives also stained fat in vivo. (3) S-benzylamino-9-di-methylamino- and diethylaminobenzo[a]phenoxazine dyes did not stain fat in vivo, al-though they did stain tumor tissue. The corresponding dyes in which the alkyl group on the 9-nitrogen contained more than 2 carbon atoms stained fat in vivo. These dyes also stained tumor tissue in vivo.
Detection of a Kind of Azo Compound in Plant Physiology Experiment by Spectrophotometer

It has been known that the absorption peak of azo compound will be observed under specified wavelength of visible light.However,the specified wavelength is inconsistent in different references to data.The visible absorption peak of azo compound was determined by spectrophotometry in this paper.The azo compound was generated by using the combination of naphthylamine with aminobenzene sulfonic acid,or sulfanilamide.The result shows that the absorption peak of azo compound is in A520 nm,rather than in A510 nm,A530 nm or A540 nm which are often used in the references.
Genome-Wide Study of mRNA Isoform Half-Lives

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II-driven transcription and processing results in the formation of numerous mRNA 3' isoforms that for any given gene may differ from one another by as little as a single nucleotide. These 3' isoforms can vary in physical properties that may affect their function and stability. Here, we outline a systematic framework to measure individual mRNA 3' isoform half-lives on a genome-wide level in S. cerevisiae. Our approach utilizes the Anchor-Away system to sequester RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in the cytoplasm followed by direct single-molecule RNA sequencing to generate a highly detailed view of 3' isoform stability under most physiological conditions without many of the adverse effects associated with commonly used alternative approaches.
Confronting a colleague who covers up a medical error.

In the past, physicians had no formal medical ethics training and learned that the best way to deal with medical errors and possible malpractice lawsuits was to say as little as possible, deny everything, and never to apologize or acknowledge error. Today, physicians receive very different ethical and legal advice.
Isosurface extraction in time-varying fields using a temporal hierarchical index tree

Many high-performance isosurface extraction algorithms have been proposed in the past several years as a result of intensive research efforts. When applying these algorithms to large-scale time-varying fields, the storage overhead incurred from storing the search index often becomes overwhelming. This paper proposes an algorithm for locating isosurface cells in time-varying fields. We devise a new data structure, called the temporal hierarchical index tree, which utilizes the temporal coherence that exists in a time-varying field and adaptively coalesces the cells' extreme values over time; the resulting extreme values are then used to create the isosurface cell search index. For a typical time-varying scalar data set, not only does this temporal hierarchical index tree require much less storage space, but also the amount of I/O required to access the indices from the disk at different time steps is substantially reduced. We illustrate the utility and speed of our algorithm with data from several large-scale time-varying CFD simulations. Our algorithm can achieve more than 80% of disk-space savings when compared with the existing techniques, while the isosurface extraction time is nearly optimal.
Social Problem Solving and Adolescent Alcohol Use Within the Context of Well-Established Risk Factors for Adolescent Alcohol Use

ABSTRACTSocial problem solving has been associated with alcohol use in adolescents, but has not been examined within the context of well-established risk factors, such as childhood conduct problems, parental history of alcohol use, association with deviant peers, and behavior undercontrol. This study surveyed 120, 18-year-old first-year college students to examine whether poor social problem solving is a risk factor for adolescent alcohol use above and beyond the other well-established risk factors and to examine whether social problem solving is a moderator between behavior undercontrol and alcohol use in adolescents. Hierarchical multiple regressions found that social problem solving was not a significant risk factor above and beyond well-established risk factors for adolescent alcohol use. Furthermore, social problem solving was not a significant moderator between behavior undercontrol and adolescent alcohol use. The results also indicated that association with deviant peers and family income accounted...
Situational Affective Arousal and Heterosexual Attraction: Some Effects of Success, Failure, and Physical Attractiveness

Male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to experimental conditions designed to induce feelings of success, failure, or uncertainty as to their performance on ambiguous outcome tasks described as measures of intelligence. Subjects’ attitudes toward an attractive female confederate encountered in a subsequent interview-like situation partially supported the “warm glow” hypothesis whereby success is expected to facilitate positive response dispositions toward others. Successful subjects expressed significantly stronger liking for the confederate and greater likelihood of asking her for a date than did failure subjects or uncertainty controls. But when she was presented in a physically unattractive way, just the opposite results were obtained. Methodological and theoretical issues are considered in discussing directions for multivariate research into trait and situational determinants of the interpersonal effects of success and failure.
GPU accelerated partitioned reconstruction algorithm for millimeter-wave 3D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images

3D reconstruction using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is a computationally complex process due to the large amount of data involved. This paper proposes a partitioned reconstruction method for 3D SAR imaging, which leads to computationally efficient algorithms. The proposed method allows for parallel processing, e.g. using a general purpose graphic processing unit (GPU). Experimental results using a laboratory K-Band (15–26.5 GHz) ultra-wideband SAR system are presented. It is shown that 3D SAR reconstruction with GPU acceleration using the proposed algorithms is 300 times faster than the conventional matched filter approach.
The Molecular Composition and Function of the Nuclear Periphery and Its Impact on the Genome

The nuclear periphery is an essential element of nuclear architecture that contributes to the organization and function of the genome. Over the last few decades, remarkable molecular insight from many model systems has contributed to a dynamic and nuanced view of the nuclear periphery, which had previously been considered a static, transcriptionally-silent nuclear subcompartment. While modern genomic analyses have confirmed that the nuclear periphery is home to repetitive, gene-poor chromatin rich in repressive histone marks, specific genic regions either leave or associate with the nuclear periphery in response to external environmental or developmental inputs in a way that correlates with transcriptional output. Recently, work suggests surprisingly that transcription per se is not a determinant of gene position in relation to the nuclear periphery; an emerging view instead supports that peripheral tethering may reflect mechanisms to promote genome stability while being dispensable for gene silencing. Here, we review our current understanding of the molecular components that form the nuclear periphery, including integral inner nuclear membrane proteins and the nuclear lamins, while overviewing the key studies that are contributing to our evolving view of this important nuclear subcompartment.
A series solution for horizontal infiltration in an initially dry aquifer

Abstract The porous medium equation (PME) is a generalization of the traditional Boussinesq equation for hydraulic conductivity as a power law function of height. We analyze the horizontal recharge of an initially dry unconfined aquifer of semi-infinite extent, as would be found in an aquifer adjacent a rising river. If the water level can be modeled as a power law function of time, similarity variables can be introduced and the original problem can be reduced to a boundary value problem for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The position of the advancing front is not known ahead of time and must be found in the process of solution. We present an analytical solution in the form of a power series, with the coefficients of the series given by a recurrence relation. The analytical solution compares favorably with a highly accurate numerical solution, and only a small number of terms of the series are needed to achieve high accuracy in the scenarios considered here. We also conduct a series of physical experiments in an initially dry wedged Hele-Shaw cell, where flow is modeled by a special form of the PME. Our analytical solution closely matches the hydraulic head profiles in the Hele-Shaw cell experiment.
Abstract 3787: Nontraditional Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Data from the Women's Health Study

Background: Cardiovascular risk assessment in type 2 diabetes has generally focused on traditional risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control. Prospective data pertaining to nontraditional risk factors are sparse and few data comparing novel biomarkers, apolipoproteins, standard lipid levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are available. Methods and Results: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 781 otherwise healthy middle-aged diabetic women without prior cardiovascular disease. Baseline levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, homocysteine (sICAM-1), lipoprotein(a), HbA1c, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and standard lipid levels were measured and subjects were followed for first myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and coronary revascularization (total n=160; median follow-up 11 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models. In the total population, HbA1c (adjusted HR extreme quartiles 1.8; p-trend=0.006), non-HDL (2.2; p-trend=0.02), HDL (0.5; p-trend=0.003) and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (2.2; p-trend=0.001) were the strongest predictors of risk with borderline non-significant findings for hsCRP (1.6; p-trend=0.07), fibrinogen (1.6; p-trend=0.07), and apoB (1.5; p-trend=0.06). No significant associations were detected for homocysteine, sICAM-1, lipoprotein(a), or apoA. As menopausal hormone therapy (HT) itself may alter levels of lipid and non-lipid biomarkers, analyses were repeated among non-users. In this group, significant effects were noted for hsCRP (HR 1.9; p-trend 0.03), HbA1c (2.4; p-trend 0.003), HDL (0.5; p-trend=0.02), and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (2.2; p-trend=0.001). Among groups defined by high or low levels of HbA1c or HDL, hsCRP appeared to identify those at greatest risk for future CVD. Conclusions: Markers of inflammation independently predict first cardiovascular events in middle-aged diabetic women and may aid identification of high-risk patients beyond HbA1c and traditional lipid levels. HT may weaken this association, however, a risk gradient is evident among non-users.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR HUMAN GENETIC DISEASES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of monoclonal antibodies in the analysis of the molecular basis for human genetic diseases. It describes the use of monoclonal antibodies for the analysis of fine structure variation of proteins and other molecules and for the detection of polymorphic variation in gene products produced from loci linked to genes responsible for human genetic diseases. In certain cases, it is possible to define a specific protein in which the variation may cause the symptoms of the disease. In cases where the protein does not have a detectable enzymatic activity or is not changed in a way that produces a detectable alteration in charge or molecular weight, it may be difficult to confirm that an alteration has taken place in the molecule. A second method for using monoclonal antibodies to detect the genetic loci and corresponding gene products responsible for genetic diseases involves screening for polymorphic variation in any gene products that can be obtained from a large number of individuals and asking whether these polymorphic markers co-segregate with the disease phenotype.
Quintilian (ca. 30–98 a.d.)

Quintilian (ca. 40–ca. 96 a.d.) was ancient Rome's most renowned professor of rhetoric. His monumental Institutio Oratoriae includes an account of grammatical education in early imperial Rome that is our most comprehensive sketch of grammar in either Greece or Rome, and its organization suggests that the Latin ars grammatica was already assuming its canonical form.
Multiple identities in BitTorrent networks

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing systems have become ubiquitous and at present the BitTorrent (BT) based P2P systems are very popular and successful. It has been argued that this is mostly due to the Tit-For-Tat (TFT) strategy used in BT [1] that discourages free-ride behavior. However, Hale and Patarin [2] identify the weakness of TFT and hypothesize that it is possible to use multiple identities to cheat. To test this hypothesis we modify the official BT source code to allow the creation of multiple processes by one BT client. They use different identities to download the same file cooperatively. We experiment with several piece selection and sharing algorithms and show that BT is fairly robust to the exploitation of multiple identities except for one case. In most cases, the use of multiple identities does not provide siginificant speedup consistently. Interestingly, clients with multiple identities are still punished if they do not maintain a comparable upload rate with other normal clients. We attribute this to the robust way that the Tit-For-Tat policy works. From our experiments we observe that the BT protocol is rather resilient to exploits using multiple identities and it encourages self-regulation among BT clients.
Comparative analysis of South Korean and North Korean vowels: A pilot study

This study investigates cardinal vowels of standard North Korean and South Korean. Prior reports have suggested that North and South Korean vowels have undergone changes after decades of relative isolation. This poster reports a pilot study investigating the ways in which the language standards of North and South Korea are similar and different by examining the speech of newscasters from each country. Acoustic analysis of the speech data suggested that North Korean vowels [ɛ] and [ae] were produced in the higher position relative to the South Korean counterparts, and the back vowels [ʌ] and [o] showed overlapping formant values unlike the South Korean counterparts. The perception experiment suggested that South Korean listeners could not accurately identify the North Korean [ʌ] and [o]. These results indicate that there may be interesting differences across North Korean and South Korean vowels.
In Ictu Oculi: Exposing AI Created Fake Videos by Detecting Eye Blinking

The new developments in deep generative networks have significantly improve the quality and efficiency in generating realistically-looking fake face videos. In this work, we describe a new method to expose fake face videos generated with deep neural network models. Our method is based on detection of eye blinking in the videos, which is a physiological signal that is not well presented in the synthesized fake videos. Our method is evaluated over benchmarks of eye-blinking detection datasets and shows promising performance on detecting videos generated with DNN based software DeepFake.
Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents

In neuroimaging, MRI sequences are obtained following intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) most commonly for the assessment of tumors, inflammatory conditions, and infectious processes. Contrast can also be used for MR angiography and perfusion imaging, although these studies can also be performed without contrast using different techniques.
Autonomous Electric Vehicle Charging System

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption has surpassed the growth of charging infrastructure. As the demand for charging stations surpass the supply, expanding charging infrastructure for consumers is crucial to improving the experience of owning and maintaining an EV. One solution is to simply provide more charging stations; however, this requires significant upfront hardware and space cost. In addition, parking spots allocated for EVs should only be used by EVs, forcing manufacturers to make a decision on the number of EV and non-EV parking spots. Current charging stations also have their own problems. When an EV is finished charging, any additional time it spends in the charging location is time that another EV could be using to charge itself. Innovative new products are necessary to create an adequate charging network. In this work, a mobile autonomous robot which charges parked EVs at any location with its own battery is presented. We created a proof-of-concept autonomous charging robot to demonstrate feasibility and motivate future work. The goal is to provide three main decoupled functionalities: parking lot navigation, EV plug guidance, and robot battery swapping. The current iteration meets these functionalities using a TurtleBot to navigate a mock parking lot, new designs and prototypes for swapping batteries, and a robotic arm paired with a computer vision algorithm to guide a 3D printed plug. Ongoing challenges for future iterations involve integrating the main functionalities and dealing with a wider range of less common use cases.
Lab on a beam—Big data and artificial intelligence in scanning transmission electron microscopy

Atomically resolved imaging of materials enabled by the advent of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become a mainstay of modern materials science. However, much of the wealth of quantitative information contained in the fine details of atomic structure or spectra remains largely unexplored. In this article, we discuss new opportunities enabled by physics-informed big data and machine learning technologies to extract physical information from static and dynamic STEM images, ranging from statistical thermodynamics of alloys to kinetics of solid-state reactions at a single defect level. The synergy of deep-learning image analytics and real-time feedback further allows harnessing beam-induced atomic and bond dynamics to enable direct atom-by-atom fabrication. Examples of direct atomic motion over mesoscopic distances, engineered doping at selected lattice sites, and assembly of multiatomic structures are reviewed. These advances position the scanning transmission electron microscope to transition from a mere imaging tool toward a complete nanoscale laboratory for exploring electronic, phonon, and quantum phenomena in atomically engineered structures.
Listening to the literature: a case for centering writing in critical sociology of sport pedagogy

This article argues for a pedagogical approach to the sociology of sport and physical education that centers writing. Drawing on student reflections from my first year seminar in academic writing ‘...
An International Language for an Empire of Humanity: L. L. Zamenhof and the Imperial Russian Origins of Esperanto

ABSTRACTThis article emphasizes Esperanto's imperial Russian origins as an essential frame for understanding the larger history of Esperanto and its creator, L. L. Zamenhof (1859–1917). Despite Esp...
Clase obrera, cuestión social y peligrosidad: una aproximación a partir del caso madrileño

espanolEn este articulo se recogen algunas pistas, claves y materiales de un trabajo de investigacion social mas amplio acerca de los dispositivos y discursos sobre la inseguridad ciudadana en la ciudad de Madrid (Ruiz Chasco 2010). Concretamente, del capitulo donde se recogen los resultados del analisis genealogico o sociohistorico sobre la formacion de los barrios de estudio y la emergencia de los problemas, asi como los dispositivos, de seguridad publica. En ese sentido, nuestro objetivo en este texto sera tratar de arrojar algo de luz sobre la relacion estructural existente entre el campo social y el campo penal (Wacquant, 2012), a traves de materiales historicos[1] especificos sobre la genesis y la gestion de ciertos temores, o panicos morales, colectivos (Cohen, 1972) que han venido legitimando la produccion (Foucault, 2008a:2008b) de lo que se ha venido denominando las clases peligrosas (Chevalier, 1958) o, en otro registro, las muchedumbres (Le Bon, 2012). Es decir, enfocar la emergencia historica de ciertas categorias de accion y percepcion social, alrededor de las cuales los diferentes grupos disputan una lucha simbolica, absolutamente ligada a las propias condiciones materiales de existencia de los mismos (Bourdieu, 2012). De esta manera, podremos traer al presente algunos vectores historicos, en cuanto a la construccion de clases peligrosas se refiere. [1] Desde trabajos de historia social sobre Madrid, el aparato policial y los conflictos sociales, hasta materiales legislativos de archivo sobre seguridad y policia, pasando por dos historias de vida realizadas a dos vecinas de uno y otro barrio (Ruiz Chasco 2010). EnglishIn this article are collected some clues, keys and materials of a broader social research work about the devices and discourses on the citizen insecurity in the city of Madrid (Ruiz Chasco 2010). Specifically, the chapter where are collected the results of genealogical, or sociohistorical, analysis of the formation of case-study-neighborhoods and the emergence of security problems, as well as public safety devices. In this sense, our objective in this text will be to shed some light on the structural relationship between the social field and the criminal field (Wacquant 2012), through specific historical materials on the genesis and management of certain collective fears or moral panics (Cohen 1972) that have been legitimized the production (Foucault 2008a: 2008b) of what has been termed the dangerous classes (Chevalier 1958) or, in another record, the crowds (Le Bon 2012). That is to say, to focus the historical emergence of certain categories of action and social perception, around which the different groups dispute a symbolic struggle, absolutely linked to the very material conditions of their existence (Bourdieu 2012). In this way, we can bring to the present some historical vectors, as far as the construction of dangerous classes is concerned.