cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of FOXA1/2 Is Essential for the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer

FOXA1 and FOXA2, members of the forkhead transcription factor family, are critical for epithelial differentiation in many endoderm-derived organs, including the pancreas. However, their role in tumor progression is largely unknown. Here, we identified FOXA1 and FOXA2 as important antagonists of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) through their positive regulation of E-cadherin and maintenance of the epithelial phenotype. In human PDA samples, FOXA1/2 are expressed in all epithelia from normal to well-differentiated cancer cells, but are lost in undifferentiated cancer cells. In PDA cell lines, FOXA1/2 expression is consistently suppressed in experimental EMT models and RNAi silencing of FOXA1/2 alone is sufficient to induce EMT. Conversely, ectopic FOXA1/2 expression can potently neutralize several EMT-related E-cadherin repressive mechanisms. Finally, ectopic FOXA2 expression could reactivate E-cadherin expression in a PDA cell line with extensive promoter hypermethylation. In fact, demethylation-mediated reactivation of E-cadherin expression in these cells required concurrent reactivation of endogenous FOXA2 expression. We conclude that suppression of FOXA1/2 expression is both necessary and sufficient for EMT during PDA malignant progression.
A novel derivatization method for peptides to increase sensitivity and backbone fragmentation in liquid secondary‐ion mass spectra

Derivatization is used to increase both negative-ion sensitivity and positive-ion sequence information in the liquid secondary-ion mass spectra (LSIMS) of a series of peptides. The derivatization method involves acylation with pentafluorobenzoyl fluoride in a single-step reaction, and the reaction mixture is applied directly to the probe tip for analysis. Acylation takes place at the unprotected N-terminus, tyrosine, and lysine. The derivatives exhibit increased signal-to-noise ratio for [M-H]- ions, especially where there is not already an acidic amino acid residue in the peptide. In positive-ion LSIMS, the N-terminal group acts to retain the charge at the N-terminus, simplifying the fragmentation by producing N-terminal fragment ions. It also increases positive-ion fragmentation, sometimes very dramatically, making sequence determination more straightforward. The simplicity of the process, together with the enhancements it provides, make this a generally useful method for obtaining peptide structural information.
Synthesis of 15O-labeled butanol via organoborane chemistry.

Abstract Oxygen-15 labeled 1-butanol and 2-butanol were prepared by the reaction of O 2 − 15 O with tri- n -butylborane and tri- sec -butylborane in tetrahydrofuran. The reaction products were isolated and identified via reversed-phase high performance column chromatography and gas chromatography. Radiochemical yields of 50% (EOB) were obtained. The use of 15 O-labeled butanol is suggested for cerebral blood flow measurements in conjunction with PET.
Nucleation and Growth of Quasicrystalline Silicon Thin Films on Glass Substrate Synthesized by Ceramics Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

In this work, we report on nucleation and growth of polycrystalline silicon thin-film on glass substrate synthesized by ceramics hot wire chemical vapor deposition. We observed perfect geometrical patterns at the surface topography of these films, i.e. “five-fold” symmetry and “sixfold” symmetry. We found “confinement of heat and photon” is a new technique in developing silicon thin-film with novel structure, i.e. quasicrystalline silicon thin-film on glass substrate. The influence of photons emitted from the hot filament on fast nucleation of nanocrystal silicon on glass substrate has been discussed.
Modeling Op Amp Nonlinearity in Switched-Capacitor Sigma-Delta Modulators

A system-level methodology for the inclusion of op amp nonlinearity in discrete-time integrators and SigmaDelta modulators is proposed that consists of a hyperbolic tangent model for the input/output characteristic of op amps and a recursive solution of nonlinear integrators. Simulations at different levels of abstraction indicate that the methodology incurs an error of no more than 1.1 dB in the magnitude of harmonics while providing a 50times advantage in the simulation speed with respect to transistor-level implementations
LIF DETECTION OF TRACE SPECIES IN WATER USING DIFFERENT UV LASER WAVELENGTHS

We have conducted studies of deep UV laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for the reagentless detection of trace species and Dissolved Organic Compounds (DOC's) in water. Our LIF detection system had two interchangeable UV lasers, 266 nm and 355 nm, illuminating a flow cell containing a water sample. The fluorescence emitted at 90 degrees to the laser beam was collected by focusing optics, passed through cut-off and interference filters with 21 optical bandpass channels (240–680 nm), and detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The samples analyzed by the system included bottled, tap and river water; we have also worked with biological and chemical species (Bacillus Globigii, malathion). In terms of the excitation wavelength, it was observed that the deep UV excitation resulted in spectra that contained more features, and had better separation of the LIF from the Raman peak, thus enhancing the detection of unique spectral features.
Ethics in information science

Ethical questions in information science research, teach ing and practice are considered. It is recommended that supervisors of research make clear their publication policies before a piece of research is undertaken and if they don't wish to publish, then the junior author should have the right to write up the work. In any case, papers should be in alphabetical order of authors. Certain areas of research should possibly not be attempted because of their possible implications. Bias in teaching is considered. The following problems in information work are considered: the unauthor ised use of work facilities, the confidentiality of inquiries, bias in results presented and many aspects of the social responsibility of an information scientist. It is concluded that inquiries should always remain confidential, but that infor mation scientists should be willing to divulge non-confiden tial matter to bona fide third parties and should be prepared to reveal confidential matter if the public interest warrants it. No information scientist should be asked to present biased or misleading results. There is a need for a code of ethics for information scientists, and information scientists need to be far more aware of ethical questions.
Does Whom You Know Matter in Venture Capital Networks

The article reviews the research article “Whom You Know Matters: Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance,” by Y.V. Hochberg, A. Ljundqvist, and Y. Lu and published in the “Journal of Finance” issue 112(5). The study focuses on business networking in the context of the venture capital industry. The study addresses the question of whether there is a relationship between the business networks and the performance of venture capital companies. The study also discusses the necessity of mutual benefit in business networking.
Purchasing behaviour of higher-and lower-income shoppers: a look at breakfast cereals

Scanner data for breakfast cereals are used to estimate demand elasticities for six supermarket stores in two distinct socioeconomic areas. Three stores are in lowincome locations and three are in high-income locations. A time series cross-section model is estimated for five product categories across six cross sections over forty-two weeks. Results show lower-income shoppers to have more elastic demands for four of the five product categories: private label cold cereals, the top ten brands of cold cereals, all other brands of cold cereals, and hot cereals. Price is not statistically significant for a fifth product category, snack cereals.
Changes in understory production for three prescribed burns of different ages in ponderosa pine

Andariese, S.W. and Covington, W.W., 1986. Changes in understory production for three prescribed burns of different ages in ponderosa pine. For. Ecol. Manage., 14: 193203. The general lack of resource response information severely limits economic evaluation of prescribed burning in most forest types. This paper presents changes in understory production at three sites on basalt soils following prescribed burning in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in Arizona. The sites were burned during the fall 2, 5, and 7 years before sampling in 1981. Regression equations were developed to predict production from plant basal area for four common grass species; production of remaining herbaceous vegetation was measured by harvesting. Based on the results of our study and other studies of fall prescribed burning on volcanic soils in Arizona ponderosa pine, understory production response appears to be variable for 1--2 years following burning. Herbage production exhibits no change or an increase; forage production exhibits no change or a decrease. Studies of understory response more than 2 years following both wildfire and prescribed burning in Arizona ponderosa pine, however, show a general trend toward increased production. Thus, prescribed burning in southwestern pine on basalt soils produces long-term benefits in increased understory production, particularly in pole stands, which dominate much of the region.
RecO Acts with RecF and RecR to Protect and Maintain Replication Forks Blocked by UV-induced DNA Damage in Escherichia coli*

In Escherichia coli, recF and recR are required to stabilize and maintain replication forks arrested by UV-induced DNA damage. In the absence of RecF, replication fails to recover, and the nascent lagging strand of the arrested replication fork is extensively degraded by the RecQ helicase and RecJ nuclease. recO mutants are epistatic with recF and recR with respect to recombination and survival assays after DNA damage. In this study, we show that RecO functions with RecF and RecR to protect the nascent lagging strand of arrested replication forks after UV-irradiation. In the absence of RecO, the nascent DNA at arrested replication forks is extensively degraded and replication fails to recover. The extent of nascent DNA degradation is equivalent in single, double, or triple mutants of recF, recO, or recR, and the degradation is dependent upon RecJ and RecQ functions. Because RecF has been shown to protect the nascent lagging strand from degradation, these observations indicate that RecR and RecO function with RecF to protect the same nascent strand of the arrested replication fork and are likely to act at a common point during the recovery process. We discuss these results in relation to the biochemical and cellular properties of RecF, RecO, and RecR and their potential role in loading RecA filaments to maintain the replication fork structure after the arrest of replication by UV-induced DNA damage.
Active inducer transport and regulation of microbial enzyme biosynthesis in chemostat cultures.

Biosynthesis of inducible enzymes in microorganisms involves complex genetic control; however, recent advances in molecular biology enable us to understand the regulatory mechanisms to a large extent. From the engineering standpoint, quantification of our basic understanding a t the molecular level is necessary for proper design, operations, and control of fermentation systems for commercial enzyme production. In this study, a detailed quantitative model based upon the molecular mechanisms of promoter-operator-regulated transcription of the lac operon in E. coli chromosomes has been formulated. All the previous studies on quantitative modeling of catabolite repression were based upon CAMP-mediated positive regulation of the expression of catabolite-sensitive operons;'*2 however, increasing evidence in recent genetic studies strongly suggests the presence of an additional mediator of catabolite repression that exerts strong repressive effect^."^ The present model accounts for that control mechanism at the transcriptional level. The involvement of glucose in the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels and in the inhibition of active inducer transport is well k n ~ w n . ~ . ~ The molecular mechanisms of glucose-mediated control are being elucidated in increasing detail. It has been observed that glucose transport across the plasma membrane in E. coli stimulates the formation of a PTS (phosphotransferase system) enzyme in its repressive form. This enzyme, I1IGic, is believed to be involved in lowering intracellular cAMP levels and, also, in inducer The present model quantitatively describes the effects of glucose translocation on the formation of repressive enzyme IIIG'' and the extent of regulation of inducer transport and intracellular cAMP by 111''. Finally, the unified model so developed has been verified using experimental data from chemostat cultures under different cellular environmental conditions.
Utility of a professionalism assessment form activity: A survey of students and teaching assistants

Abstract Objective To seek student and teaching assistant (TA) perceptions of a professionalism assessment form (PAF) activity. Methods Online Qualtrics surveys distributed to first (PY1) through third year (PY3) students and TAs. Results A total of 68.6% ( N = 334) PY1–3 students completed the survey. Approximately, 51% reported the PAF "not very useful" but 90% reported feedback given by their TA as "useful." In all, 81.1% ( n = 43) TAs completed the TA survey. TAs provided the most feedback on confidence (81.4%) and communication (72.1%). Overall, 70.4% of students and 88.4% of TAs suggested continuing the activity. Conclusions The PAF activity was positively perceived. Respondents found SMART goals and TA feedback as the most beneficial aspects of the activity.
Maximizing Electron Exchange in a [Fe3] Cluster

The one-electron reduction of (tbsL)Fe3(thf)1 furnishes [M][(tbsL)Fe3] ([M]+ = [(18-C-6)K(thf)2]+ (1, 76%) or [(crypt-222)K]+ (2, 54%)). Upon reduction, the ligand tbsL6– rearranges around the triiron core to adopt an almost ideal C3-symmetry. Accompanying the (tbsL) ligand rearrangement, the THF bound to the neutral starting material is expelled, and the Fe–Fe distances within the trinuclear cluster contract by ∼0.13 A in 1. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data indicates a well-isolated S = 11/2 spin ground state that persists to room temperature. Slow magnetic relaxation is observed at low temperature as evidenced by the out-of-phase (χM″) component of the alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility data and by the appearance of hyperfine splitting in the zero-field 57Fe Mossbauer spectra at 4.2 K. Analysis of the ac magnetic susceptibility yields an effective spin reversal barrier (Ueff) of 22.6(2) cm–1, nearly matching the theoretical barrier of 38.7 cm–1 calculated from the axial ze...
The Presidential Performance Study: A Progress Report

The rating of presidents is certainly not one of the more crucial problems confronting American historians. Yet in recent years it is a matter that has received considerable attention. Whatever the historical profession as a whole may think of the exercise, the lay public, particularly the press, is intrigued by how the "experts" view the presidents, and it broadcasts widely any new listing. Rating the holders of this uniquely American office apparently helps remind us of which human qualitites we most admire, since we expect to find in presidents the best in our society. Perhaps, too, the American penchant for always wanting to know who is number one supports such interest. If number one can be determined in athletics, in rental car agencies, and in fast-food chains, why not in the presidency? Recent professional interest in rating the presidents dates from the Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., poll of 1948.1 Acting largely on a whim and allowing each respondent wide latitude to choose his own criteria for judging presidential greatness, Schlesinger solicited the opinions of fifty-five "experts," the majority of whom were professional historians. The findings were subsequently published in Life and were immediately embraced by the press as representing the collective judgment of historians everywhere.2 Fourteen years later, Schlesinger repeated the exercise, this time surveying seventy-five experts. Fifty-eight were historians (including most of those polled in 1948), with the remainder mainly being journalists and political scientists. Published in the New York Times Magazine, the findings of this poll generally reinforced those of the earlier one and even more firmly established the Schlesinger
Cytological Studies an the Peanut, Arachis. II

1. A consideration of the basic chromosome numbers present in the legume family indicate that A. hypogaea is a polyploid species.2. The chromosome number of 115 out of 116 plants carefully examined representing 33 species, varieties, lines, F1, F2, and F4 varietal hybrids is reported as 20 (n) or 40 (2n). The exceptional plant contains 41 somatic ehromosomes and a small fragment. The 116 plants examined show the presence of 2 chromosomes morphologically distinguishable from the others because of their smaller size. This pair has been designated “A” One strain of a Spanish type, one of a runner type and 9 F4 plants of a Spanish×runner Cross (the only ones studied up to this time with an improved technique) show the presence of chromosome pair “A” and a second pair, the chromosomes of which possess a subterminal attachment constrietion and a conspicuous secondary constriction, here designated as pair “B” This pair is set apart from all the others by the subterminal rather than approximately median attachment constriction.3. The cultivated peanut, A. hypogaea, is a species in which chromosome association during meiosis in varieties and varietal hybrids is usually seen as 20 normal bivalents. Other configurations such as trivalents, quadrivalents, quinquevalents, sexivalents, and an association of ten chromosomes are occasionally formed. It appears to be a species in which deviations from the 40 somatic number seldom occur.4. No cytological evidence is encountered to oppose the view of Chevalier that the Rasteiro peanut and A. nambyquarae are at most subspecies of A. hypogaea.5. The Problem of the origin of the bunch and runner type forms of the commercial peanut is discussed in the light of the cytological results. In that the chromosome number, morphology, and behavior of the bunch and runner peanuts are essentially similar, and the chromosomes of these two peanut types are seen to be homologous each to each notwithstanding minor changes that may have taken place, it is concluded that they, as well as A. nambyquarae and A. Rasteiro have been derived from a common origin.I wish to thank those who so generously shared seed and Dr. Orland E. White, Director of the Blandy Experimental Farm, who has made this study possible and has kindly contributed helpful advice during the course of the investigation and a final criticism of the manuscript.
Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. The Use of Widely Separated Evaporators of Looplore for the Disruption of Pheromone Communication in Trichoplusia ni

Past studies have shown that sex pheromone communication in the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) can be disrupted by permeating the air the with synthetic pheromone of this species, looplure ( cis -7-dodecenyl acetate), (Berger 1966, Gaston et al. 1967, et al. 1967, 1972). Successful disruption of pheromone communication between lepidopteran males and females may not be a function of the spacing between release points of synthetic pheromone, but rather may be dependent upon the amount of the chemical released into the air per unit area of land under treatment (McLaughlin et al. 1972, Shorey et al. 1972, Shorey and 1974). Thus, two different approaches can be taken in developing a pheromone-disruption technique. The devices from which the pheromone is to be evaporated(evaporation-substrates) may be placed close together (within cm apart) in the treated area, with each evaporation-substrate releasing pheromone at a low rate. On the contrary, evaporation-substrates may be spaced far apart (m or possibly km), emitting pheromone at a relatively high rate. Each approach requires different evaporation-substrate designs and different methods for distributing them. The former approach most likely requires pheromone to be impregnated into a small evaporation-substrate which releases pheromone continuously and is dispersed by aerial or other mass dispensing means. Periodic distribution of the evaporators would probably be required throughout the duration of the season. On the other hand, widely separated evaporators would require dispensers which release large nightly quantities of pheromone from fixed points in the area under treatment. Evaporators in this case could conceivably be engineered to release pheromone during only the night and function with a minimum of maintenance throughout the season.
Reappraisal of the two axiid genera Manaxius Kensley, 2003 and Calaxidium Sakai, 2014, and description of a new species of Calaxius Sakai & de Saint Laurent, 1989 from French Polynesia, Southwest Pacific (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea).

Discovery of an undescribed species of axiid shrimp from French Polynesia, Southwest Pacific, led the author to assess the taxonomic status of the two nominal genera, Manaxius Kensley, 2003 and Calaxidium Sakai, 2014. As a result, these two genera are synonymized under Calaxius Sakai & de Saint Laurent, 1989, because there are no significant differences in generic characters among the three taxa. An emended generic diagnosis of Calaxius is presented. The new species, Calaxius poupini, is morphologically similar to C. euophthalmus (De Man, 1905), C. izuensis Komai, 2011, C. kensleyi Clark, Galil & Poore, 2007, C. mimasensis (Sakai, 1967), C. pailoloensis (Rathbun, 1906) and C. sibogae (De Man, 1925), but the poorly developed armature on the ventral margin of each cheliped merus distinguishes the new species from the other six allied species. Some points of taxonomic confusion relating to Calaxius are clarified.
Pathways from teacher depression and child-care quality to child behavioral problems.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among teacher depression, global child-care quality, and child internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in early child-care settings. Method We analyzed data from 3-year-old children (N = 761) and their mothers, primarily of disadvantaged socioeconomic status in urban areas, in the late 1990s using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We also had data from the children's teachers, who reported their own depressed moods. Child behavioral problems were reported by both teachers and parents, and global environmental quality of child care was observed. Path analysis tested direct and indirect effects of teacher depression on children's behavioral problems via global child-care quality. Results Teacher depression was directly and indirectly linked to teacher-reported externalizing and internalizing problems through observed global child-care quality, whereas for parent-reported outcomes, teacher depression was only directly related to children's internalizing problems. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that teachers' depressive symptoms can be a contributor to global environmental child-care quality and to child externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems. Practical implications are that programs and policies must take into account effects of teacher depression on child-care quality and young children's school readiness regarding behavioral problems. Future research should further explore these relationships.
Nonlinear pre-stressed modal analysis for a composite beam considering influence of joint surface

In order to consider the influence of nonlinear characteristics of a joint surface on the dynamic characteristics of a whole machine,a composite beam was taken as a study object,and the nonlinear pre-stressed modal analysis method was used based on ANSYS. The nonlinear characteristics of its joint surface were proved to have an important influence on the bending natural frequencies of the composite beam. Moreover,the influence of normal load and friction coefficient of the joint surface on the natural frequencies was studied with the single variable method. The results showed that the natural frequencies of the beam decrease due to normal load and friction coefficient,and friction coefficient is dominant. Finally,the modal test was conducted. It was shown that the modal shapes of the composite beam obtained from the modal test are coincided with those gained from the nonlinear pre-stressed modal analysis; the error between the corresponding natural frequency obtained from the two cases is in an acceptable range. The results proved the feasibility of the nonlinear pre-stressed modal analysis method.
Blood Vascular Invasion: A Poor Prognostic Factor in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

AbstractThe prognostic significance of blood vascular invasion by prostatic adenocarcinoma at initial biopsy has not been stressed. A patient is described in whom hematogenous dissemination of prostatic adenocarcinoma appeared to be the sole means of spread. The implications of blood vascular invasion in prostatic adenocarcinoma are discussed.
Facile and controllable preparation of mesoporous TiO 2 using poly(ethylene glycol) as structure-directing agent and peroxotitanic acid as precursor

This work demonstrated that mesoporous TiO2 (meso-TiO2) with controllable mesoporous and crystalline structures can be facilely prepared by using poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) as structure-directing (SD) agent and peroxotitanic acid (PTA) as precursor. Meso-TiO2 with high specific surface area (157 m2∙g-1), pore volume (0.45 cm3∙g-1) and large mesopore size of 13.9 nm can be obtained after calcination at 450°C. Such meso-TiO2 also shows relatively high thermal stability. BET surface area still reaches 114 m2∙g-1 after calcination at 550°C. In the synthesis and calcination process, PEG that plays multiple and important roles in delivering thermally stable and tunable mesoporous and crystalline structures shows to be a suitable low-cost SD agent for the controllable preparation of nanocrystalline meso-TiO2. The photocatalytic activity tests show that both high surface area and bi-crystallinity of obtained meso-TiO2 are important in enhancing the performance in photo-decomposing Rhodamine B in water.
Interaction of polymer-coated silicon nanocrystals with lipid bilayers and surfactant interfaces

We use photoluminescence (PL) microscopy to measure the interaction between polyethylene-glycol-coated (PEGylated) silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) and two model surfaces: lipid bilayers and surfactant interfaces. By characterizing the photostability, transport, and size-dependent emission of the PEGylated nanocrystal clusters, we demonstrate the retention of red PL suitable for detection and tracking with minimal blueshift after a year in an aqueous environment. The predominant interaction measured for both interfaces is short-range repulsion, consistent with the ideal behavior anticipated for PEGylated phospholipid coatings. However, we also observe unanticipated attractive behavior in a small number of scenarios for both interfaces. We attribute this anomaly to defective PEG coverage on a subset of the clusters, suggesting a possible strategy for enhancing cellular uptake by controlling the homogeneity of the PEG corona. In both scenarios, the shape of the apparent potential is modeled through the free or bound diffusion of the clusters near the confining interface.
Clinical Use of GalaFLEX in Facial and Breast Cosmetic Plastic Surgery.

Resolution of ptosis is a key step to the success of many plastic surgery procedures. Ptosis is a manifestation of tissue stretch. Tissue stretch can occur as a result of the natural aging process or health of the patient, or tissue may stretch under added weight or volume, such as when implants are placed. Surgical rejuvenation of ptotic tissues is very effective and results in marked changes in the patient profile yet the tissue that resulted in the need for the procedure first place has not improved and ptosis can recur. Recent developments in long-term resorbable porous materials have provided surgeons with the opportunity to experiment with tissue reinforcement in plastic surgery procedures. These new materials have a low profile, rapid tissue integration, and a long-term strength retention profile. Long-term resorbable scaffolds such as poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) natural scaffold (GalaFLEX scaffold, Galatea Surgical, Inc., Lexington, MA) have shown promise for a host of plastic surgery indications. This article presents clinical experience with GalaFLEX for soft tissue reinforcement in three different clinical applications; including the reinforcement of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) in minimally invasive facelift, reinforcement of the skin envelope in mastopexy, and reinforcement of the breast capsule (pocket) in revisional breast surgery. Soft tissue reinforcement has been shown to provide increased mechanical strength as well as improved maintenance of postoperative results. Level of Evidence 5![Graphic][1] Therapeutic [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
[18F]AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography in progressive supranuclear palsy

Background The [18 F]AV-1451 positron emission tomography ligand allows the in vivo assessment of tau proteins in the brain. It shows strong binding in Alzheimer's dementia, but little is known about how it performs in progressive supranuclear palsy, a primary 4R tauopathy. Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether [18 F]AV-1451 uptake can be observed in progressive supranuclear palsy and to characterize the regional distribution when compared with controls and Alzheimer's dementia. Methods [18 F]AV-1451 positron emission tomography was performed in 10 patients with probable progressive supranuclear palsy. These patients were age- and gender-matched to 50 controls and 10 Alzheimer's dementia patients who had undergone identical [18 F]AV-1451 imaging. Regional comparisons of [18 F]AV-1451 uptake were performed across the whole brain using region-of-interest and voxel-level analyses, and correlations between regional [18 F]AV-1451 and the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale were assessed. Results An elevated [18 F]AV-1451 signal was observed in progressive supranuclear palsy when compared with controls in the pallidum, midbrain, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and frontal regions. Signal in the cerebellar dentate and pallidum were also greater in progressive supranuclear palsy when compared with Alzheimer's dementia. Conversely, the [18 F]AV-1451 signal across the cortex was higher in Alzheimer's dementia when compared with progressive supranuclear palsy. The [18 F]AV-1451 signal in a number of regions correlated with the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale. Conclusions Progressive supranuclear palsy is associated with an elevated [18 F]AV-1451 signal in a characteristic and distinct regional pattern that correlates with disease severity and differs from the patterns observed in Alzheimer's dementia. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Concentration dependent electrochemical properties and structural analysis of a simple magnesium electrolyte: magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in diglyme

Development of Mg electrolytes that can plate/strip Mg is not trivial and remains one of the major roadblocks to advance Mg battery research. Halogen-free electrolyte has attracted great attention due to its high stability, less corrosive nature and compatibility with Mg metal anodes. However, the electrochemical properties of such electrolytes have not been analytically evaluated in the literature. Herein, we report a systematic study of the concentration-dependent electrochemical and mass transport properties of a non-aqueous, halogen-free Mg electrolyte composed of magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in diglyme (Mg(TFSI)2/G2). Specifically, cyclic voltammograms confirm that plating and stripping of Mg in Mg(TFSI)2/G2 electrolyte occur over a wide concentration range. Results suggest a comparably difficult magnesium dissolution in Mg(TFSI)2/G2 electrolyte in contrast to in Grignard based electrolytes. Dissolution overpotential shows a non-monotonic dependence on electrolyte concentration, it requires an ∼2 V overpotential to deposit Mg. Findings also reveal concentration-dependent mass transport properties, including concentration-dependent electrolyte diffusivity and transference number. The atomic environment of the Mg(TFSI)2/G2, as being further explored by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurement and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, is coupled with the electrochemical measurements to explain the observed concentration-dependent mass transport properties.
Weapons of the Weak Soldiers: Military Masculinity and Embodied Resistance in Taiwanese Conscription

In wars and military institutions, sexuality is often used for attacks, rewarding allies, and shaming the enemy, as seen in Japan colonizers’ use of “comfort women”. But Kao’s chapter exposes another less travelled path to explore the triangular complex—militarism, masculinity, and sexuality. Based on fieldwork and interviews, Kao reveals how Taiwanese male conscripts used gender and sexual scripts, classified as four “weapons of the weak soldiers”, to resist the military bureaucracy and accompanied hegemonic masculinity. His original data narrates colorful stories regarding how soldiers built queer families and profaned sacred military symbols by sex, and why. Those who are interested in gendered dissents and rebellions will be surprised to see that manhood fanatics exposed the fragility of the hegemonic, taking away a useful framework of resistance.
Pareto-optimal search over configuration space beliefs for anytime motion planning

We present POMP (Pareto Optimal Motion Planner), an anytime algorithm for geometric path planning on roadmaps. For robots with several degrees of freedom, collision checks are computationally expensive and often dominate planning time. Our goal is to minimize the number of collision checks for obtaining the first feasible path and successively shorter feasible paths. We assume that the roadmaps we search over are embedded in a continuous ambient space, where nearby points tend to share the same collision state. This enables us to formulate a probabilistic model that computes the probability of unevaluated configurations being collision-free. We update the model over time as more checks are performed. This model lets us define a weighting function for roadmap edges that is related to the probability of the edge being in collision. Our approach is to trade off between these two weights, gradually prioritizing edge length over collision likelihood. We also show that this tradeoff is approximately equivalent to minimizing the expected path length, with a penalty of being in collision. Our experiments demonstrate that POMP performs comparably with RRTConnect and LazyPRM for the first feasible path, and BIT* for anytime performance, both in terms of collision checks and total planning time.
Multimodality Monitoring in Acute Brain Injury

Major advances in microelectronics have produced new techniques for monitoring the injured brain; some, such as ion sensitive microelectrodes and continuous single-photon microscopy, remain confined to animal studies; others have transitioned rapidly into clinical use, including: Microdialysis Thermal dilution blood flow monitoring Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Fission Rates and High-Energy Neutron Fluxes in the Purdue Fast Breeder Blanket Facility

Fission rate measurements were performed in the Purdue Fast Breeder Blanket Facility (FBBF) and compared with two-dimensional 50-group diffusion calculations on an absolute basis. Fission rates in /sup 239/Pu, /sup 235/U, /sup 237/Np, /sup 238/U, and /sup 232/Th were measured using fused quartz fission track recorders. Calculations using the 1DX and 2DB codes, and the LIB-IV nuclear data library were compared with the measurements in the form of reaction rate calculated-to-experiment (C/E) trajectories. The investigations were aimed at providing an improved understanding and description of the high-energy neutron fluxes and reaction rate distributions. Also investigated were previously reported C/E reaction rate discrepancies in the blanket.
A Low-Loss Edge-Mode Isolator With Improved Bandwidth for Cryogenic Operation

Isolators are important components of low-noise detector and signal processing systems. Conventional wideband edge-mode isolators offer wide bandwidth, but rarely exceeding two octaves. Using modern computer electromagnetic simulation software, one can optimize the isolator circuit and expand the bandwidth performance. We report on the design, fabrication, and measurement of an edge-mode isolator operating over a multioctave frequency range, from 4 to 22 GHz at 4-K cryogenic temperature. This isolator has good input and output reflection coefficients that are below −15 dB from 4 to 22 GHz. The measured insertion loss is about 0.6 dB from 4 to 17 GHz, rising to 1 dB from 17 to 22 GHz, and the isolation is better than 15 dB from 4 to 13 GHz, degrading to about 10 dB above 13 GHz. This edge-mode isolator with improved bandwidth is suitable for a wide range of low-noise receiver applications.
Meteorological Data Stations at Long-Term Ecological Research Sites

Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites have been designated in eleven ecosystems under the auspices of the National Science Foundation. Meteorological observations are part of the needed baseline data. An early accomplishment of this coordinated research program is a standard for LTER meteorological stations. National goals of the LTER program and the research objectives at each site are related in this report to specific needs for meteorological data that defined the concept and structure of the station standards. Each meteorological station must serve two purposes, support ongoing research at the site and provide climatic data for long-term studies and inter-site comparisons. The recommended standard is flexible. It establishes a core level of participation yet allows for considerable variation in data requirements of different ecosystems.
The Molecular Basis of Baculovirus Host Range

Because baculoviruses are currently important in a broad spectrum of biotechnologies ranging from biological pest control to gene expression vectors, an understanding of the molecular basis of the restriction of the replication of individual members of this virus family to a relatively small number of species is important. Understanding the nature of such host range restrictions will allow more accurate predictions regarding the potential effects of modifying the viral genomes and the impact of such modifications on the ability of the viruses to infect beneficial or nontarget organisms.
AMERICAS, CENTRAL | Classic Period of Mesoamerica, the Maya

Classic period Mesoamerica was a time of great social development and interaction. With the established adaptation to settled life, the expansion of domesticated plants, the development of the social and ecological landscape, and the construction of major cities from the arid highlands to the tropical lowlands, the great traditions of forest gardening, maize production, temples, and artistry coalesced. For the Maya of the southern tropical lowland forests, this manifested itself in such dramatic cities such as Calakmul, Caracol, El Pilar, and Tikal, today stubbornly protruding form the forest canopy. Yet at the time these magnificent cities were active; a mosaic patchwork of farms, orchards, and forest blanketed the landscape dominated by the ostentation temples of cities. Steeped in the Mesoamerican traditions, the Maya transformed the tropical ecosystems, they inhabited that today cross borders of Chiapas and Yucatan of Mexico, Peten of Guatemala, as well as Belize. Their accomplishments rank among the greatest wonders of the world.
Reducing Tsunami Hazards along U.S. Coastlines

On April 25–26, 1992, a swarm of large earthquakes rattled northern California, injuring 98 people and causing $66 million dollars in damage. The swarm began with a Ms 7.1 thrust earthquake that generated a small tsunami recorded at tide stations in California, Oregon, and Hawaii. This earthquake/tsunami event provided importalt evidence that the Cascadia Subduction Zone is seismically active and that tsunamis are likely from earthquakes occurring along the zone. This new evidence also led the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. agency responsible for tsunami warnings, to evaluate the state of tsunami preparedness for communities potentially affected.
Perspectives on Uncovered Interest Rate Parity and the Carry Trade: Some Recent Evidence for G10 and Emerging Markets

Uncovered interest rate parity (UIRP) indicates that international yield differentials reflect expected depreciation of the high-yield currency. However high-yield currencies tend to appreciate, at least in the short run, which implies predictable currency excess returns and trading profitability. The carry trade, buying high-interest currencies and selling low-interest ones, is a direct corollary of the failure of UIRP. Recent academic literature shows that protracted UIRP violations are not a statistical artifact and that the carry trade is profitable on average but subject to large infrequent losses so that explanations of UIRP failures have to be analytical but they remain elusive. Currency asset managers and hedge funds have been profitably using variations of the carry trade for a long time and are trying to develop models with conditioning variables to anticipate draw downs or reduce their severity. Central banks of small open economies use either interest rate rules or foreign exchange (FX) rate rules that assume UIRP holds. Whether this assumption is detrimental for policy making is an open issue. I selectively review some literature and discuss recent lines of interaction between academic and practitioner research. I use recent data for G10 and Emerging Market currencies (including several Latin American countries) to revisit individual and panel regression tests of UIRP, the econometric issues around them, and how they connect with carry trade performance. I illustrate how economic models of FX may provide a long-run anchor such that large deviations from equilibrium eventually get corrected. This would not explain why UIRP deviations exist but rather why they get reversed. Despite the apparent irrelevance of stand-alone economic models to predict future FX, using them to adjust rate differentials drastically reduces losses of carry trades so it seems a very promising line of research on FX turning points. The updated evidence has value to better understand FX markets and to improve currency management for institutional investors and central banks.
Women’s empowerment in Egypt: the reliability of a complex construct

Women’s empowerment, defined as the process where women acquire enabling resources that enhance their agency, is a strategy employed to improve women’s reproductive health. Agency is conceptualised...
Micromachining of Chalcogenide Waveguides by Picosecond Laser

Direct laser inscription creates waveguide structures on chalcogenide thin film. Results of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 and Ge 23 Sb 7 Se 70 are compared by varying laser powers and translation speeds. © 2019 The Author(s)
DiscoverFriends: Secure social network communication in mobile ad hoc networks

This paper presents a secure communication application called DiscoverFriends. Its purpose is to communicate to a group of online friends while bypassing their respective social networking servers under a mobile ad hoc network environment. DiscoverFriends leverages Bloom filters and a hybrid encryption technique with a self-organized public-key management scheme to securely identify friends and provide authentication. Firstly, Bloom filters provide a space-efficient means of security for friend discovery. Secondly, a combination of asymmetric and symmetric encryptions algorithms utilizes both benefits to provide increased security at lower computational cost. Thirdly, a self-organized public-key management scheme helps authenticate users using a trust graph in an infrastructureless setting. With the use of Wi-Fi Direct technology, an initiator is able to establish an ad hoc network where friends can connect to within the application. DiscoverFriends was analyzed under two threat models: replay attacks and eavesdropping by a common friend. Finally, the paper evaluates the application based on storage usage and processing.
Characteristics of Student– Dog Interaction during a Meet-and-Greet Activity in a University-Based Animal Visitation Program

ABSTRACTThe use of university-based Animal Visitation Programs (AVPs)—programs aimed at reducing student stress through human–animal interaction (HAI)—has increased. Implementation has expanded des...
New insights into bulk and interface properties of [Bmim][Ac]/[Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid/CO2 systems — Molecular dynamics simulation approach

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) show great potentials for CO2 capture. In this research, we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore bulk and interfacial behaviors of [Bmim][Ac] and [Bmim][BF4] ILs with and without CO2, in terms of transport phenomena and thermodynamics aspects. Physiochemical properties of pure ILs are calculated; structural properties such as radial distribution function (RDF) and self-diffusivity of the cations and anions are determined at various conditions. Great agreement is achieved between the experimental and calculated properties. Diffusion coefficients obtained for the cations and anions of the ILs are in the range of 3 × 10−12 to 34 × 10−12 m2/s. The cations have a higher diffusivity than the anions. It is found that the anion has an important effect on CO2 absorption, based on the coordination/structuring of CO2 around the cations and anions in the bulk systems of IL-CO2, as well as the comparison of volume expansion of the bulk system with that of pure ILs. With the addition of CO2 to ILs, the volume expansion is relatively smaller, compared to other organic solvents. The diffusion coefficient of CO2 in ILs varies from 1 × 10−10 to 3 × 10−10 m2/s, depending on temperature, CO2 concentration, and mixture viscosity. At the interface, association density between the cation and anion molecules increases. Upon CO2 diffusion, a dense interfacial layer is created that interrupts the association of the cation and anion, leading to a reduction in the interfacial tension. MD simulations also show that the diffusion of CO2 in the bulk occurs slowly. This study benefits designing appropriate ILs for various energy and environment applications under different process and thermodynamic conditions.