cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Markers from Recently Transposed LINE-1 Retrotransposons

Many previous techniques for the isolation of endogenous retroelements such as LINE-1 retrotransposons have produced major sampling bias or required laborious procedures. These problems led to the ...
Thin-Film Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride Alloys

Thin films of CdTe1-xSx with bulk atomic compositions, x≡[S]/([S]+[Te]), ranging from 0 to 0.45 were deposited by vacuum co-evaporation of CdTe and CdS with substrate temperatures of 200 and 250°C. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that films with x < 0.3 were predominately single phase having the zincblende structure. Films with 0.35 < x < 0.45 contained the wurtzite modification. Lattice parameter determination indicated that each phase exists with compositions well within the miscibility gap shown on published equilibrium phase diagrams. The variation of the optical band gap with x was determined by measuring transmission and reflection of the films. Heat treatment at 415°C in the presence of CdCl2 caused the films to segregate into two phases consistent with the phase diagram. If the CdCl2 is assumed to only promote the phase segregation process, then the compositions of the two phases after heat treatment may be taken as measurements of the solubility limits of S in CdTe and Te in CdS respectively. The solubility limit of S in CdTe was thus determined to be 5.8% at 415°C which is the temperature used for the common CdCl2 treatment of CdTe-based solar cells. An analysis of CdTe/CdS solar cell device structures shows that the atomic composition of alloys created by interdiffusion are consistent with these solubility limits.
Diffusion and reaction in heterogeneous media: Pore size distribution, relaxation times, and mean survival time

Diffusion and reaction in heterogeneous media plays an important role in a variety of processes arising in the physical and biological sciences. The determination of the relaxation times Tn (n=1,2,...) and the mean survival time τ is considered for diffusion and reaction among partially absorbing traps with dimensionless surface rate constant κ. The limits κ=∞ and κ=0 correspond to the diffusion‐controlled case (i.e., perfect absorbers) and reaction‐controlled case (i.e., perfect reflectors), respectively. Rigorous lower bounds on the principal (or largest) relaxation time T1 and mean survival time τ for arbitrary κ are derived in terms of the pore size distribution P(δ). Here P(δ)dδ is the probability that a randomly chosen point in the pore region lies at a distance δ and δ+dδ from the nearest point on the pore–trap interface. The aforementioned moments and hence the bounds on T1 and τ are evaluated for distributions of interpenetrable spherical traps. The length scales 〈δ〉 and 〈δ2〉1/2, under certai...
In vitro wear of nano-composite denture teeth.

Purpose: Few laboratory tests have been able to substantiate and quantify the wear resistances of polymeric denture teeth. This study evaluated the relative wear resistance of several types of denture teeth using an in vitro wear testing device. Material and Methods: Four different types of denture teeth [nano-filled (Veracia) and micro-filled composites (SR-Orthosit, Endura, Duradent, Surpass), cross-linked acrylic (SR-Postaris, Genios-P, Creapearl, Vitapan Physiodens, Premium 8, Integral), and a conventional acrylic (Biotone)] were used. The flattened buccal surface of each denture tooth was subjected to the evaluation of Knoop hardness (n = 5) and localized wear for 100,000 cycles (n = 10). Wear values were determined in micrometers using a profilometer. The data for the hardness, wear depth, and worn surface areas were individually analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: Knoop hardness values (KHN) ranged from 28.2 to 29.8 for micro-filled composite, 18.9 to 21.6 for cross-linked acrylic, 22.7 for nano-composite, and 18.6 for conventional acrylic teeth. All micro-filled composite teeth were significantly harder than other teeth (p < 0.0001). The wear depth values were 90.5 μm for the nano-composite, 69.8 to 93.0 μm for the micro-filled composite, 80.8 to 104.0 μm for the cross-linked acrylic, and 162.5 μm for conventional acrylic teeth. The worn surface areas were 5.1 mm2 for the nano-composite, 2.6 to 3.6 mm2 for the micro-filled composite, 4.4 to 5.7 mm2 for the cross-linked acrylic, and 10.1 mm2 for conventional acrylic teeth. The wear values of the acrylic control were significantly different from all other denture teeth (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The nano-composite tooth was harder and more wear resistant than the acrylic teeth but not significantly different from most of the cross-linked and micro-filled composite teeth tested.
Safety of Intravenous Bolus Administration of Gentamicin in Pediatric Patients

OBJECTIVE:To determine the safety of gentamicin administered intravenously as a bolus.METHODS:All patients (n = 123, ages: up to 18y, 121; 21y, 1; 31y, 1) who received gentamicin intravenously as a bolus over a four-month period were studied retrospectively. Patient demographics, type of infection, dosing regimen, length of therapy, peak and trough serum concentrations, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urine output were reviewed. Patients were stratified into four groups and data analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Mean initial dose (5.32 ± 2.38 mg/kg/d) was consistent with established guidelines for age and kidney development, with subsequent adjustments based on serum concentrations. Susceptible organisms were eradicated with a mean length of therapy of 6.9 ± 6.9 days (range 1–35). Patients received a median of nine doses: 42% received doses every eight hours and 33% received doses every 24 hours. No relationship between dosing and abnormal serum creatinine were found (p = 0.69). The estimated cost...
Benefits and Challenges of the Passport Broadcast Intervention in Long-Term Care

Creative activities are a challenge for long-term care facilities. The Passport intervention uses web-based video technology to provide long-term care residents with a virtual travel experience. Passport broadcasts were conducted and staff and residents were interviewed about the experience. A thematic analysis of interviews was used to discern benefits and challenges. Reported benefits included experience with technology, interaction with student visitors, reminiscing, and active learning. Challenges involved technical quality concerns related to the audio and visual needs of seniors. The pilot found the Passport intervention as a promising tool for creative activities in a long-term care setting.
Professionalism: the formation of physicians.

(2004). Professionalism: The Formation of Physicians. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 11-12.
Enhancer-Like Activity of a Brome Mosaic Virus RNA Promoter

As with transcription from DNA templates, RNA synthesis from viral RNA templates must initiate accurately. RNA sequences named specificity and initiation determinants allow recognition of and coordinated interaction with the viral replication enzyme. Using enriched replicase from brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected plants and variants of the promoter template for minus-strand and subgenomic RNA initiation, we found that a specificity determinant for minus-strand initiation could function at variable distances and positions from the 3' initiation site in a manner similar to enhancers of transcription from DNA templates. This determinant's addition could convert a cellular tRNA into a template for RNA synthesis by the BMV replicase in vitro. Furthermore, the same specificity element could direct internal initiation, which occurred at a highly preferred site in a manner distinct from initiation at the 3' terminus of the template. These results document two distinct modes of initiation site recognition by a viral RNA replicase.
The Effects of Mergers on Product Positioning: Evidence from the Music Radio Industry

This article shows that mergers between close competitors in the music radio industry lead to important changes in product positioning. Firms that buy competing stations tend to differentiate them and, consistent with the firm wanting to reduce audience cannibalization, their combined audience increases. However, the merging stations also become more like competitors, so that aggregate variety does not increase, and the gains in market share come at the expense of other stations in the same format. The results shed light on the effects of mergers and, more broadly, how multi-product firms may use product positioning as a competitive tool.
The unliganded long isoform of estrogen receptor beta stimulates brain ryanodine receptor single channel activity alongside with cytosolic Ca2

Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores mediated by endoplasmic reticulum membrane ryanodine receptors (RyR) plays a key role in activating and synchronizing downstream Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms, in different cells varying from apoptosis to nuclear transcription and development of defensive responses. Recently discovered, atypical "nongenomic" effects mediated by estrogen receptors (ER) include rapid Ca(2+) release upon estrogen exposure in conditions implicitly suggesting involvement of RyRs. In the present study, we report various levels of colocalization between RyR type 2 (RyR2) and ER type beta (ER beta) in the neuronal cell line HT-22, indicating a possible functional interaction. Electrophysiological analyses revealed a significant increase in single-channel ionic currents generated by mouse brain RyRs after application of the soluble monomer of the long form ER beta (ER beta 1). The effect was due to a strong increase in open probability of RyR higher open channel sublevels at cytosolic [Ca(2+)] concentrations of 100 nM, suggesting a synergistic action of ER beta 1 and Ca(2+) in RyR activation, and a potential contribution to Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release rather than to basal intracellular Ca(2+) concentration level at rest. This RyR/ER beta interaction has potential effects on cellular physiology, including roles of shorter ER beta isoforms and modulation of the RyR/ER beta complexes by exogenous estrogens.
Power supply circuit development estimating aid: an expert system application

A power supply circuit development estimating aid has been developed using an expert-system shell. The aid uses a detailed work-plan method to generate its estimate. Applications include training in the power-supply circuit development process, providing templates for a disciplined approach to power-supply circuit development, and producing a tool for exploring methods of reducing the cost of power-supply circuit development. >
Applications for unattended, remote NDA instrumentation

Instruments developed for safeguards in the domestic nuclear industry to nondestructively assay nuclear materials are being used in unattended and remote monitoring applications. In large facilities, such instruments can be combined with more classical surveillance methods. The effective implementation of such systems involves the integration of physics knowledge and measurement experience, detectors and their supporting electronics, and computers and their software. Los Alamos has been involved in three types of applications: radiation triggers for video surveillance; unattended assay of materials moving in automated fabrication and process plants; and monitoring radiation signatures to verify the movement of irradiated and unirradiated nuclear material. >
Perceived family resources based on number of members with ADHD.

Objective:This study examines how the number of family members with ADHD affects other family members’ perceived resources.Method:A total of 40 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and their mothers, fa...
Phase plates in the object plane for microlithography

Phase-shifting masks, which have many similarities to the phase plates used to smooth laser beams, are being developed to project high-contrast patterns for semiconductor manufacturing.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Food Safety Guidance for Older Adults

Aging is associated with loss of the physical barriers and immune efficiency that typically control pathogens' access to and multiplication within the body, thus making infection more likely in elderly persons. Chronic diseases and other health factors, such as malnutrition and immobility, may increase susceptibility to and severity of infections, including foodborne illnesses, in elderly persons, as well as associated morbidity and mortality. Prevention is the best way to avoid foodborne illnesses, but older adults have long-established food preparation and handling practices, some of which may increase the likelihood of illness. Elderly persons rely on physicians as trusted sources of health information. Physicians and other health care professionals can help prevent and control foodborne diseases by educating their patients about the risks of foodborne illness, providing sound advice on safe food-handling and consumption practices, making rapid appropriate diagnoses, and reporting cases promptly to public health authorities.
MAPK superfamily activation in human airway smooth muscle: mitogenesis requires prolonged p42/p44 activation.

Asthma is frequently associated with abnormal airway smooth muscle (ASM) growth that may contribute to airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness to contractile agents. Although numerous hormones and...
Conformity and Obedience

This article reviews the social psychological literature on conformity and obedience. Particular attention is given to the psychological mechanisms underlying these social responses, including normative influence, punishment of deviance, informational influence/informational cascades, and social identification. The importance of minority influence for collective functioning is discussed, and motivations underlying dissent are articulated in terms of a recent normative conflict model.
Motor-unit properties following cross-reinnervation of cat lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles with medial gastrocnemius nerve. I. Influence of motoneurons on muscle.

This study addresses two questions: is reinnervation of mammalian skeletal muscle selective with respect to motor-unit type? And to what degree may muscle-unit contractile properties be determined ...
Culture and Capitalism: Reconsidering Capitalism from a Cultural Perspective

In this symposium, we suggest that scholars need to take culture into serious consideration to understand capitalism and its role in various arenas of organizational and social life. We conceptuali...
Donor-Driven Spin Relaxation in Multivalley Semiconductors

The observed dependence of spin relaxation on the identity of the donor atom in n-type silicon has remained without explanation for decades and poses a long-standing open question with important consequences for modern spintronics. Taking into account the multivalley nature of the conduction band in silicon and germanium, we show that the spin-flip amplitude is dominated by short-range scattering off the central-cell potential of impurities after which the electron is transferred to a valley on a different axis in k space. Through symmetry arguments, we show that this spin-flip process can strongly affect the spin relaxation in all multivalley materials in which time-reversal cannot connect distinct valleys. From the physical insights gained from the theory, we provide guidelines to significantly enhance the spin lifetime in semiconductor spintronics devices.
Geriatrics: sleep disorders and aging.

DISTURBANCES in the pattern of sleep are common in older adults. These sleep–wake disturbances can be the result of physiologic changes that are apparently part of normal aging, a primary sleep disorder, a secondary sleep problem resulting from one of a variety of causes, or a combination of the three. Sleep disruption often leads older persons to report symptoms of disturbed sleep to their physicians in an attempt to alleviate the disturbance.1 2 3 4 5 With the rapid increase in the elderly population, the practicing physician should be aware of the changes in sleep–wake patterns that accompany normal aging, the various sleep disorders . . .
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM NI-PLATING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY

The main problems of wastewater treatment from Ni-plating of aluminium alloy were discussed in the paper,Based on the working experiences,wastewater characteristic、treatment process and reliability about were analysed.As a result a series of technological measures for the wastewater were put forwarded,which applied to Emission Standard of Pollutants for Electroplating(GB21900-2008).
Field Test of Steel Pile Foundation in Transmission Line

Field prototype tests are carried out for the newly steel pile foundation during the transformation of country network.The horizontal bearing capacity,the uplift capacity and compressive capacity are obtained.The peculiarities and application modes of the newly steel pile foundation are recommended in emphasis to be referred for similar engineering hereafter.
How Relationships within the Pollination Network Affect Pollination Efficiency and Seed Abundance

Honeybee colony collapse disorder is a pressing ecological concern. The conservation of Apis-mellifera is emphasized due to their pollination services; crop yields are dependent on their efficacy as pollinators. Addressing the weaning population of honeybees has brought efforts in increasing the numbers of managed honeybees to compensate for loss or lack of natural presence. Augmenting a population may seem like a solution but it's temporal. Managed honeybees themselves are declining. Apis-mellifera is but a single factor within the pollination network. Examining pollination requires linking relationships between its abiotic and biotic components. This mini-review will provide an observation on pollination network beyond Apis-mellifera.
Experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers. Advances in pathogenesis.

SUMMARY New developments in the study of the pathogenesis of experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers indicate a complex multifactorial process leading to ulceration. The concept of gastric cytoprotection with prevention of hemorrhagic mucosal lesions by PG, SH, or other compounds without inhibiting acid secretion was discovered while investigating animal models of gastric erosions and ulcers. Subsequent research into the pathophysiology of gastric ulcer has been revitalized. New studies have demonstrated that the development or prevention of vascular injury in the gastric mucosa plays a crucial role in gastric mucosal injury and protection. The pathophysiology of experimental duodenal ulcer disease has shown that controlling gastric acid secretion is not the only approach to the prevention or treatment of this disorder. Data from human and animal experiments suggest that duodenal dysmotility contributes to the decreased neutralization of acid whether secreted at a normal or subnormal rate, in the duodenal bulb. Dopamine infusion corrected experimentally induced duodenal hypermotility, but other neurotransmitters may also be involved. Multidisciplinary investigations using experimental models of gastric and duodenal ulcers lead not only to the discovery of new concepts and pathogenetic mechanisms but also to the recognition of new chemicals that may exert gastroprotective and antiulcerogenic effects.
Causas, efectos y eficacia de la burocratización en las administraciones públicas nacionales: desarrollando reformas sensibles a culturas políticas singulares

El documento examina tres interrogantes fundamentales relacionadas con la eficacia de la burocracia y la burocratizacion. Las preguntas son: 1) ?cuanta burocracia publica es suficiente y como se puede optimizar el tamano de la burocracia?; 2) ?cuales son los modelos normativos de burocracia y como elegir entre ellos?; y 3) ?cuales son los fines de la burocracia y, en concreto, como lograr una burocracia “centrada en los valores publicos”? En la medida de lo posible, el documento responde a estas preguntas en el contexto de una serie de variables contingentes, especialmente la cultura politica, asunto de mayor interes para los paises de America Latina. En pocas palabras, el documento concluye que la optimizacion del tamano no es significativa sin la especificacion previa de un gran numero de variables contextuales, de las cuales se detallan sus componentes mas importantes. Los modelos normativos revisados, despues de evaluar la idea de “fallas de la burocracia”, corresponden a la contencion de costes, a la competencia neutral y a las nociones de valor publico. El documento concluye sugiriendo que la clave de una burocracia centrada en el valor publico consiste en establecer un alto nivel de profesionalismo y observar un alto grado de autonomia burocratica
Expert Role Modeling Effect on Novice Nursing Students' Clinical Judgment

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the specific prebriefing strategy of expert role modeling on novice nursing students' clinical judgment scores. Method Quantitative experimental design assessed clinical judgment scores with the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR). Both the control and treatment groups received standard prebriefing. The treatment group received the intervention of viewing an expert role modeling video. Data analysis included comparison of self-assessed, peer rated, and trained external faculty rated clinical judgment scores obtained with the LCJR for each student performing the role of the primary registered nurse. Theoretical foundation was Bandura's social cognitive theory and Tanner's model of clinical judgment. Results Student self and peer LCJR scores did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between the control and treatment groups. Expert faculty reviewer ratings demonstrated statistically significant (p = .000) differences between the control and treatment groups' LCJR scores. Conclusions Study findings supported the concept that incorporating an expert nurse role modeling video before each simulation scenario improved students' scores on the LCJR when rated by expert faculty reviewers.
Counseling Children and Adolescents with Sensory Processing Disorder: Results of an Exploratory National Study

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a neurological disorder impacting the behavioral, emotional, and social functioning of 5% to 17% of children. However, SPD is underrepresented in the counseling literature with few relevant peer-reviewed articles and no empirical research to date. In this article, authors present a brief overview of SPD and a description of and results regarding a national, exploratory, qualitative study of self-identified professional counselors’ (N = 204) preparation for, knowledge of, and experiences with child and adolescent clients with SPD.
Abdominoscrotal hydrocele: A systematic review

Abstract Background Abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) is an uncommon condition characterized by a fluid-filled mass with inguinoscrotal and abdominal components. Controversy exists regarding the best management. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with special interest in presentation, management and outcomes. Methods A search was conducted of the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in each study. Results We found 18 case series that met selection criteria, describing 116 patients with 146 hydroceles. Unilateral ASH was found in 59% of cases with almost even distribution between left and right-sided hydroceles. Ipsilateral undescended testicle, testicular dysmorphism, and contralateral pathology (inguinal hernia) often accompanied ASH. Management was always surgical. The most common approaches were inguinal (67.2%), combined laparoscopic + inguinal (11.2%), and scrotal (10.3%). Complications were poorly reported, but were generally minor. There were a decreased number of complications with the scrotal approach because of avoidance of a difficult inguinal dissection. Conclusions ASH is a rare entity treated most commonly via an inguinal approach. However, consideration should be given to combining with an extraperitoneal or laparoscopic approach given coexisting pathology, or to the scrotal approach for reducing morbidity.
Severing Scale Structure from the Adjective

The scale structure of adjectives, whether an adjective measures on an open or closed scale, has certain grammatical consequences and is traditionally captured by encoding scale structure into an adjective’s lexical representation and projecting it into the grammar. However, adjectives can exhibit scalar variability, suggesting that scale structure is not projected from the lexicon, but instead is constructed by the adjective’s structural environment. I review a recent analysis of adjectival scale structure, observing that an economy condition with a single pos morpheme requires polysemy for these variable-behavior adjectives, and propose that splitting the pos morpheme and severing scale structure from the adjective captures scalar variability within a unified lexical entry without economy.
11. X-Ray Spectromicroscopy

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of various approaches to spectromicroscopy and discusses several classes of material applications as examples. It presents an example on the chemical specificity of Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and its implication as an analytical tool for polymer applications by presenting several polymer NEXAFS spectra. The chapter presents the different approaches that are pursued in spectromicroscopy and emphasizes on the applications, particularly, in materials science and related fields, rather than biology. The three of the most important parameters of spectromicroscopy are spatial resolution, spectral information, and radiation damage. The magnetic projection microscope (MPM) played a special role in the development of the field of spectromicroscopy. X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy has become an active field of research during the last few years because of its scientific and technological significance. High spatial resolution microprobes in the soft x-ray range (50-1000 eV) can be achieved by three different physical phenomena and technological approaches: (1) diffraction, (2) gracing incidence reflection, and (3) multilayer enhanced normal incidence reflection.
Athletics and Social Order in Sparta in the Classical Period

This article seeks to situate the athletic activities of Spartiates and their unmarried daughters during the Classical period in their broader societal context by using theoretical perspectives taken from sociology in general and the sociology of sport in particular to explore how those activities contributed to the maintenance of social order in Sparta. Social order is here taken to denote a system of interlocking societal institutions, practices, and norms that is relatively stable over time. Athletics was a powerful mechanism that helped to generate consensus and to socialize and coerce individuals. It thus induced compliance with behavioral norms on the part of both females and males and thereby contributed meaningfully to the maintenance of social order in Sparta. Athletics inculcated conformity to norms that called for females to be compliant, beautiful objects of male desire. Athletics had an equally profound effect on Spartan males because it inculcated compliance with norms that valorized subordination of the individual to the group, playing the part of the soldier, and meritocratic status competition. Athletics may well have also to some degree empowered both Spartan females and males, but its liberatory dimensions can easily be unduly amplified. There is an ever-present dialectic in athletics, between its ability to reinforce norms that underpin the prevailing social order and its ability to foster individual autonomy. In the case of Sparta, the balance in that dialectic always inclined very much toward the former.
Tree demography suggests multiple directions and drivers for species range shifts in mountains of Northeastern United States.

Climate change is expected to lead to upslope shifts in tree species distributions, but the evidence is mixed partly due to land-use effects and individualistic species responses to climate. We examined how individual tree species demography varies along elevational climatic gradients across four states in the northeastern United States to determine whether species elevational distributions and their potential upslope (or downslope) shifts were controlled by climate, land-use legacies (past logging), or soils. We characterized tree demography, microclimate, land-use legacies, and soils at 83 sites stratified by elevation (~500 to ~1200 m above sea level) across 12 mountains containing the transition from northern hardwood to spruce-fir forests. We modeled elevational distributions of tree species saplings and adults using logistic regression to test whether sapling distributions suggest ongoing species range expansion upslope (or contraction downslope) relative to adults, and we used linear mixed models to determine the extent to which climate, land use, and soil variables explain these distributions. Tree demography varied with elevation by species, suggesting a potential upslope shift only for American beech, downslope shifts for red spruce (more so in cool regions) and sugar maple, and no change with elevation for balsam fir. While soils had relatively minor effects, climate was the dominant predictor for most species and more so for saplings than adults of red spruce, sugar maple, yellow birch, cordate birch, and striped maple. On the other hand, logging legacies were positively associated with American beech, sugar maple, and yellow birch, and negatively with red spruce and balsam fir - generally more so for adults than saplings. All species exhibited individualistic rather than synchronous demographic responses to climate and land use, and the return of red spruce to lower elevations where past logging originally benefited northern hardwood species indicates that land use may mask species range shifts caused by changing climate.
Mentoring in Startup Ecosystems

Effective mentoring programs are very difficult to structure and execute, even with the best intentions and reasonable budget. In this report we conduct a multi-institution empirical analysis of mentoring in startup ecosystems to determine what helps entrepreneurial teams and mentors thrive in mentorship programs. We survey the perspectives of mentees, mentors and university and accelerator program administrators. Our empirical findings reveal that personality and the malleability of entrepreneurial skills among the mentee and the mentor matter. Further we find that university programs lag behind non-university accelerator programs along several important dimensions, when it comes to matching mentees to mentors and providing support during the program and following up after the completion of the program. We provide several prescriptive recommendations for students, startup founders, mentors and program administrators, and outline a research agenda for studying mentoring in entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Young Diagrams and q -Binomial Coefficients

A partition λ of an integer n ≥ 0 is a sequence λ = (λ1, λ2, … ) of integers λ i ≥ 0 satisfying λ1 ≥ λ2 ≥⋯ and ∑i≥1λ i = n. Thus all but finitely many λ i are equal to 0. Each λ i > 0 is called a part of λ. We sometimes suppress 0’s from the notation for λ, e.g., (5, 2, 2, 1), (5, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0), and (5, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, … ) all represent the same partition λ (of 10, with four parts). If λ is a partition of n, then we denote this by λ ⊢ n or |λ| = n.
Derivatives of the Basic Aromatics

There are nine chemicals in the top 50 that are manufactured from benzene. These are listed in Table 11.1. Two of these, ethylbenzene and styrene, have already been discussed in Chapter 9, Sections 5 and 6, since they are also derivatives of ethylene. Three others—cumene, acetone, and bisphenol A—were covered in Chapter 10, Sections 3–5, when propylene derivatives were studied. Although the three carbons of acetone do not formally come from benzene, its primary manufacturing method is from cumene, which is made by reaction of benzene and propylene. These compounds need not be discussed further at this point. That leaves phenol, cyclohexane, adipic acid, and nitrobenzene. Figure 11.1 summarizes the synthesis of important chemicals made from benzene. Caprolactam is the monomer for nylon 6 and is included because of it importance.
Life Tables with Multiple Decrements

This chapter explores the implications of recognizing that the life table cohort can be decreased (decremented) by attrition from more than one cause. We consider the structure of life tables with more than one source of decrement, examine the effects of eliminating one or more causes of decrement, and look at an application of multiple decrement models to the analysis of mortality by cause.
Torelli’s Theorem

Torelli’s theorem asserts that the pair (J(X),Θ) determines the Riemann surface X. There are several proofs available of this theorem. The one we shall give here is due to Henrik Martens [12]. There are more “geometric” proofs, some of which will be found in Griffiths-Harris [9] or Arbarello-Cornalba-Griffiths-Harris [10]. We begin with a general fact about complex tori.
Abstract 5923: CD133-targeted oncolytic adenovirus exhibits anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancers, and its combination with irradiation inhibits liver metastasis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and about 50% of patients relapse after treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have contribution to recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistant of CRC. CD133 (Prominin-1), a member of the transmembrane glycoprotein family, is a marker of CSCs in several cancers including CRC: its expression correlates with recurrence, metastases and chemotherapy resistance, as well as poor prognosis in CRC. It is therefore reasonable to develop a CSC-directed CRC therapeutic strategy by employing CD133as a target molecule. Recently, we have established a method for isolating transductionally-targeted infectivity-selective adenovirus by high-throughput screening. Using this adenovirus library screening system, we isolated the CD133-specific Oncolytic Adenovirus (OAd) and tested the oncolytic activity of CD133-targeted OAd (CD133-OAd) in both in vitro and in vivo, with and without irradiation which induces CD133 expression. The infectivity-selective OAd (ISOAd) with CD133-targeting motif (TYML motif) selectively infected CD133+ CRC cell lines and lysed them efficiently. In the context of modulation of stemness, CD133-OAd inhibited colony formation in vitro. In tumor formation assay in nude mice, treatment with CD133-OAd prior to tumor inoculation inhibited the establishment of tumor of CD133+ CRC cell lines. Intra-tumor (i.t.) administration of CD133-OAd into established subcutaneous tumor exhibited significantly stronger antitumor effect compared to OAd without targeting. We have reported that the irradiation increases CD133 expression in CRC cells, and the replication of CD133-OAd increased significantly after irradiation. In athymic nude mice, treatment of irradiated cells with CD133-OAd abolished tumor-forming capacity, compared to cells without irradiated and cells treated with radiation alone (5% vs 94% and 5% vs 73% respectively, p In addition to the effect on the main tumor, CD133-OAd suppressed liver metastasis of CRC. The mice injected with human CRC cells pretreated with CD133-OAd combined with irradiation had significantly lower incidence of liver metastasis compared with the untreated control group or the groups received irradiation or CD133-OAd treatment alone. Our CD133-targeted ISOAd is effective for cytotoxic killing, reduces tumor formation, and mitigates tumor growth in radiation resistant CRC cells. This targeted OAd therapy may be applicable to address therapeutic resistance and prevent the establishment of recurrent colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Jing Li Huang, Mizuho Sato-Dahlman, Kari Jacobsen, Masato Yamamoto. CD133-targeted oncolytic adenovirus exhibits anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancers, and its combination with irradiation inhibits liver metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5923.
Management of atrial fibrillation-flutter: uptodate guideline paper on the current evidence

The term 'flutter' and 'fibrillation' were first coined to differentiate the differences between fast, regular contractions in Atrial Flutter (AFLUT) with irregular, vermiform contractions of Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB). Management of these two diseases has been a challenge for physicians. Rate control (along with rhythm control) is the first line of management for symptomatic AFIB/AFLUT with Rapid Ventricular Rate (RVR). In some situations, atrial rhythms may not be well controlled by these anti-arrhythmic drugs, making cardioversion to sinus rhythm necessary. Anti-coagulation therapy in both the disease population is essential. Catheter ablation is an effective treatment option in certain patients that have AFIB/AFLUT refractory to medical management. Newer techniques like left atrial appendage (LAA) has been developed and is a highly attractive concept for the future in the management of AFIB/AFLUT. Newer novel drugs targeting specific ion channels are approaching the stages of clinical investigation. However, while advances in technologies have helped elucidate many aspects of these diseases, many mysteries still remain. This literature review serves as one of the guideline papers for current up-to-date management on both AFIB and AFLUT.
IL-17 Receptor Signaling Negatively Regulates the Development of Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in the Kidney

Chronic inflammation has an important role in the development and progression of most fibrotic diseases, for which no effective treatments exist. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TF) is characterized by irreversible deposition of fibrous tissue in chronic kidney diseases. Prolonged injurious stimuli and chronic inflammation regulate downstream events that lead to TF. In recent years, interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been strongly linked to organ fibrosis. However, the role of IL-17 receptor signaling in TF is an active area of debate. Using the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model of TF, we show that IL-17 receptor A-deficient mice (Il17ra−/−) exhibit increased TF in the obstructed kidney. Consequently, overexpression of IL-17 restored protection in mice with UUO. Reduced renal expression of matrix-degrading enzymes results in failure to degrade ECM proteins, thus contributing to the exaggerated TF phenotype in Il17ra−/− mice. We demonstrate that the antifibrotic kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is activated in the obstructed kidney in an IL-17-dependent manner. Accordingly, Il17ra−/− mice receiving bradykinin, the major end-product of KKS activation, prevents TF development by upregulating the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes. Finally, we show that treatment with specific agonists for bradykinin receptor 1 or 2 confers renal protection against TF. Overall, our results highlight an intriguing link between IL-17 and activation of KKS in protection against TF, the common final outcome of chronic kidney conditions leading to devastating end-stage renal diseases.
Bringing Shades of Feminism To Human-Centered Computing

This consolidation of 18 stories from students and researchers of human-centered computing (HCC) represent some of the diverse shades of feminism that are present in our field. These stories, our stories, reflect how we see the world and why, also articulating the change we wish to bring.
Post-operative complications and readmissions following outpatient elective Nissen fundoplication.

Traditionally, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has been considered an inpatient procedure. Advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques have led to a shift towards outpatient LNF procedures. However, differences in surgical outcomes between outpatient and inpatient LNF are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the frequency of outpatient LNF in a national cohort and (2) to identify any differences in complications or readmission rates between outpatient and inpatient LNF. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify elective LNF cases from 2012 to 2016. Patients discharged on the day of surgery were compared to those discharged 24–48 h post-operatively. Outcomes included 30-day readmission and death or serious morbidity (DSM). Bivariate analyses were completed with Chi squared testing for categorical variables and two sided t tests for continuous variables. Associations between outpatient surgery and outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Differences in readmission were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier failure estimates and log-rank tests. Of 7734 patients who underwent elective LNF, 568 (7.3%) were discharged on the day of surgery. The overall 30-day readmission rate was 4.1% (n = 316) and the overall rate of DSM was 1.0% (n = 79). The most common 30-day readmission diagnoses overall were infectious complications (16.1%), dysphagia (12.9%), and abdominal pain (11.7%). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between outpatient surgery and 30-day readmission (3.9% vs. 4.1%; aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.62–1.52, p = 0.908) or DSM (1.1% vs. 1.0%; aOR 0.91, 95%CI 0.36–2.29, p = 0.848). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in rates of hospital readmission between groups at 30-days from discharge (3.9% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.325). Among patients undergoing elective LNF, there were no significant differences in post-operative complications and 30-day readmission when compared to traditional inpatient postoperative care. Further consideration should be given to transitioning LNF to an outpatient procedure.
Effect Modification by Clinical Decongestion on the Association Between Worsening Renal Function and Mortality in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Introduction Worsening renal function (WRF) is common among patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with increased risk of mortality. Recent data suggest, however, that decongestion may serve as an effect modifier on the association between WRF and mortality. Hypothesis We hypothesized that in patients with ADHF, achievement of concomitant decongestion would abolish the signal for harm associated with WRF. Methods We searched in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2019 for studies that assessed signs of decongestion via clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with WRF during ADHF admission and performed stratified analyses for mortality by the presence or absence of decongestion and WRF. Results Among 8 studies that included 4,864 patients with ADHF, 1,435 (29.5%) had WRF, with 50.5% of those with WRF experiencing decongestion. Unstratified, patients with WRF vs. no WRF had a higher risk for mortality (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.88; I2 = 0%) (Figure 1 upper forest plot). However, when patients with WRF were stratified by the decongestion status, there was evidence for interaction. Compared to patients without WRF, patients with WRF that had features consistent with decongestion, had similar risk of mortality (pooled OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.34; I2 = 0%) (Figure 1 lower forest plot). Finally, the pooled mortality was lower for patients with WRF that achieved decongestion (26.6%) than for patients without WRF that did not achieve decongestion (51.8%) (Figure 1 lower panel). Conclusions Decongestion is a powerful effect modifier that nullifies harmful associations of WRF with mortality, and patients that experience decongestion with WRF fare better than those that do not achieve decongestion with stable kidney function. Future studies should not assess WRF in isolation as an endpoint without concomitant assessment of the clinical status that accompanied WRF.
Assessment of Familiarity With Work-up Guidelines for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Among Primary Care Practitioners in Minnesota.

Abstract Objective To assess familiarity with sarcoma guidelines among primary care practitioners (PCPs) in Minnesota. Participants and Methods Surveys were distributed at 2 educational conferences held in Minnesota on April 16-17, 2015, and October 24, 2015. The PCPs were asked a series of questions about their current practice, past experience with sarcoma, and familiarity with sarcoma guidelines. They were then given a series of case presentations and asked to indicate if they would pursue a sarcoma work-up given the information provided. Results The study group included 80 physicians and 32 nurse practitioners (NPs). Over their careers (median, 14 years), physicians reported seeing a mean of 2.2 cases of soft tissue sarcoma and 0.7 cases of bone sarcoma. The NPs reported seeing a mean of 0.7 and 0.2 cases, respectfully, over their careers (median, 8 years). Both physicians and NPs reported low familiarity with sarcoma guidelines. When challenged with case presentations for which urgent referral to a sarcoma specialist is recommended, more than 50% of PCPs did not indicate that they would refer patients. The PCPs who had previous experience with soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma estimated that only 17% and 23% of their patients, respectively, were diagnosed within 1 month of presentation. The most reported reason for a delayed diagnosis was the PCP advising the patient to "watch and wait." Conclusion Minnesota PCPs have seen very few cases of sarcoma and report low familiarity with sarcoma guidelines. When challenged with case presentations, PCPs made decisions inconsistent with established guidelines. This study supports ongoing efforts to increase sarcoma awareness.
Deleuze and Absolute Immanence: Achieving Fully Immanent Inquiry:

The concepts of immanence and transcendence have a long and varied history in philosophy. In an ontology of absolute immanence, immanence is not dependent on something else. Immanence is immanent o...
Oriented LiMn2O4 Particle Fracture from Delithiation-Driven Surface Stress

The insertion and removal of Li+ ions into Li-ion battery electrodes can lead to severe mechanical fatigue because of the repeated expansion and compression of the host lattice during electrochemical cycling. In particular, the lithium manganese oxide spinel (LiMn2O4, LMO) experiences a significant surface stress contribution to electrode chemomechanics upon delithiation that is asynchronous with the potentials where bulk phase transitions occur. In this work, we probe the stress evolution and resulting mechanical fracture from LMO delithation using an integrated approach consisting of cyclic voltammetry, electron microscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. High-rate electrochemical cycling is used to exacerbate the mechanical deficiencies of the LMO electrode and demonstrates that mechanical degradation leads to slowing of delithiation and lithiation kinetics. These observations are further supported through the identification of significant fracturing in LMO using scanning electron microscopy. DFT calculations are used to model the mechanical response of LMO surfaces to electrochemical delithiation and suggest that particle fracture is unlikely in the [001] direction because of tensile stresses from delithiation near the (001) surface. Transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction of the as-cycled LMO particles further support the computational analyses, indicating that particle fracture instead tends to preferentially occur along the {111} planes. This joint computational and experimental analysis provides molecular-level details of the chemomechanical response of the LMO electrode to electrochemical delithiation and how surface stresses may lead to particle fracture in Li-ion battery electrodes.