cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular Aspects of Nerve Injury and Regeneration

Abstract Sensory and motor deficits resulting from peripheral nerve injury negatively impact quality of life and can require long-term rehabilitation and care. Despite the ability of nerves to robustly regenerate following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), functional recovery is often suboptimal. Surgery is required to treat patients in 50% of PNI cases, and there is no nonsurgical treatment strategy in clinical use today to treat PNI. Emerging evidence indicates that treatments affecting multiple targets and pathways have great potential. Here, we discuss data combining surgical repair with membrane fusion, electrical stimulation, and androgens to maintain appropriate channels for axons to regenerate back to their appropriate target and accelerate the regeneration process. Developing a therapy that impacts both axonal regeneration and functional recovery offers immediate translational opportunity in a clinical setting.
Investigation of 3D-Move Responses Under Traffic Speed Deflection Devices (TSDDs)

Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) and Rolling Wheel Deflectometer (RWD) that measure surface deflections at posted traffic speeds (up to 80–96 kph) are being used in several countries to evaluate structural condition at network level. Incorporating these devices to Pavement Management System (PMS) application requires an analysis methodology for enabling the use of device measurements. 3D-Move Analysis evaluates pavement response using a continuum-based finite-layer approach. Since 3D-Move has the capability of modeling moving load and the resulting dynamic pavement responses, it is ideally-suited to simulate pavement responses generated by these devices that move at high-speeds. A recently completed FHWA study conducted field trials that used TSDDs where in situ pavement response measurements at the MnROAD test site were made and calibration of the 3D-Move model for application with TSDD loading was carried out. Many calibration runs were performed and 3D-Move model provided a good match with a variety of independent pavement responses that included surface deflection bowls (measured using embedded geophone sensors) as well as horizontal strains at the bottom of the Asphalt Concrete (AC) layers (measured using embedded sensors). Using the calibrated 3D-Move software, an analytical investigation was then undertaken to explore relationships between load-induced pavement structural-related responses and the corresponding surface deflection basin related indices from TSDDs.
Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi... Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.
Hispanic Parents' Conflict Tactics Influence on College Women's Verbal Aggression Victimization.

Prior research has shown that college women in the United States are experiencing significantly high rates of verbal aggression (VA); approximately 20% to 30% of college women experience VA in thei...
Protein-Remodeling Factors As Potential Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Protein misfolding is implicated in numerous neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. A unifying feature of patients with these disorders is the accumulation of deposits comprised of misfolded protein. Aberrant protein folding can cause toxicity through a loss or gain of protein function, or both. An intriguing therapeutic approach to counter these disorders is the application of protein-remodeling factors to resolve these misfolded conformers and return the proteins to their native fold and function. Here, we describe the application of protein-remodeling factors to alleviate protein misfolding in neurodegenerative disease. We focus on Hsp104, Hsp110/Hsp70/Hsp40, NMNAT, and HTRA1, which can prevent and reverse protein aggregation. While many of these protein-remodeling systems are highly promising, their activity can be limited. Thus, engineering protein-remodeling factors to enhance their activity could be therapeutically valuable. Indeed, engineered Hsp104 variants suppress neurodegeneration in animal models, which opens the way to novel therapeutics and mechanistic probes to help understand neurodegenerative disease.
Student Engagement: Bridging Research and Practice to Improve the Quality of Undergraduate Education

This chapter traces the development of student engagement as a research-informed intervention to shift the discourse on quality in higher education to emphasize matters of teaching and learning while providing colleges and universities with diagnostic, actionable information that can inform improvement efforts. The conceptual lineage of student engagement blends a set of related theoretical propositions (quality of effort, involvement, and integration) with practice-focused prescriptions for good practice in undergraduate education. The development of survey-based approaches to measuring student engagement is reviewed, including a treatment of recent criticisms of these approaches. Next, we summarize important empirical findings, including validation research, typological research, and research on institutional improvement. Because student engagement emerged as an intervention to inform educational improvement, we also present examples of how engagement data are being used at colleges and universities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities going forward.
Enrollment in early head start and oral health-related quality of life

Dental problems in young children are widespread and can negatively impact quality of life. We examined the effect of enrollment in North Carolina Early Head Start (EHS)—a federally funded early education program for children under three years of age and their families—on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). In this quasi-experimental study, we interviewed 479 EHS and 699 Medicaid matched parent–child dyads at baseline (children’s average age 10 months) and 24 months later. Parents reported OHRQoL using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), a 0–52 point scale with higher scores representing more negative impacts. We used a marginalized semicontinuous two-part model to estimate: (1) the effect of EHS on the probability of reporting any follow-up impacts (ECOHIS ≥ 1), and (2) the difference in overall mean ECOHIS follow-up scores. We controlled for baseline ECOHIS, language, and EHS and non-EHS group imbalances using a propensity score. At follow-up, negative OHRQoL impacts were more often reported by parents of non-EHS than EHS children (45 versus 37%, P 0.05). This study is the first to demonstrate that families of young children enrolled in EHS report improved OHRQoL compared to their non-enrolled peers. These results highlight the potential effectiveness of improving the quality of life of low-resource families through early childhood education.
A home-based body weight supported treadmill training program for children with cerebral palsy: A case series

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose: Contemporary approaches to the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) advocate a task-specific approach that emphasizes repetition and practice of specific tasks. Recent studies suggest that body-weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) programs may be beneficial in clinical settings. The purposes of this case series were to explore the outcomes and feasibility of a home-based BWSTT program for three children with CP. Case Description: Three children with CP at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels III or IV participated in this case series. Examination included the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), the 10-meter walk test, the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66), and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT). A harness system was used to conduct the BWSTT program over an 8–12 week period. Outcomes: All of the families reported enjoying the BWSTT program and found the harness easy to use. Participant 2 inc...
A Mini-Pad Chamber

A miniature pad chamber is described that may be capable of counting at high rates and a large number of simultaneous tracks. It provides unambiguous space points with high spatial resolution in two dimensions. The chamber is designed to use the maximum rate capability that a chamber wire can provide.
CPR: cross platform binary code reuse via platform independent trace program

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) has been created a number of new platforms recently. Unfortunately, such variety of IoT devices causes platform fragmentation which makes software development on such devices challenging. In particular, existing programs cannot be simply reused on such devices as they rely on certain underlying hardware and software interfaces which we call platform dependencies. In this paper, we present CPR, a novel technique that synthesizes a platform independent program from a platform dependent program. Specifically, we leverage an existing system called PIEtrace which can generate a platform independent trace program. The generated trace program is platform independent while it can only reproduce a specific execution path. Hence, we develop an algorithm to merge a set of platform independent trace programs and synthesize a general program that can take multiple inputs. The synthesized platform-independent program is representative of the merged trace programs and the results produced by the program is correct if no exceptions occur. Our evaluation results on 15 real-world applications show that CPR is highly effective on reusing existing binaries across platforms.
The association between patient attitudes and values and the strength of consideration for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in a population-based sample of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND Little is known about how the individual decision styles and values of breast cancer patients at the time of treatment decision making are associated with the consideration of different treatment options and specifically with the consideration of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). METHODS Newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer who were treated in 2013-2014 were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries of Los Angeles and Georgia and were surveyed approximately 7 months after surgery (n = 2578; response rate, 71%). The primary outcome was the consideration of CPM (strong vs less strong). The association between patients' values and decision styles and strong consideration was assessed with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Approximately one-quarter of women (25%) reported strong/very strong consideration of CPM, and another 29% considered it moderately/weakly. Decision styles, including a rational-intuitive approach to decision making, varied. The factors most valued by women at the time of treatment decision making were as follows: avoiding worry about recurrence (82%) and reducing the need for more surgery (73%). In a multivariate analysis, patients who preferred to make their own decisions, those who valued avoiding worry about recurrence, and those who valued avoiding radiation significantly more often strongly considered CPM (P < .05), whereas those who reported being more logical and those who valued keeping their breast did so less often. CONCLUSIONS Many patients considered CPM, and the consideration was associated with both decision styles and values. The variability in decision styles and values observed in this study suggests that formally evaluating these characteristics at or before the initial treatment encounter could provide an opportunity for improving patient clinician discussions. Cancer 2017;123:4547-4555. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The Importance of Optimizing Acute Pain in the Orthopedic Trauma Patient

Postoperative pain control is a highly studied topic because of its significant effect on costs, hospital course, and, most importantly, patient satisfaction. Opioid use has been the "status quo" of postoperative pain management but prolongs hospital stays and increases complications. Optimizing acute pain management in patients with orthopedic trauma is important and can translate into significant positive physiologic and financial outcomes. Although multiple viable examples of optimizing acute pain management in the literature demonstrate outcome improvements, implementation has not been widespread. Significant outcome success will depend more on systemwide implementation than a specific regimen for postoperative pain control.
TCT-761 A Predictive Score for Successful Antegrade Crossing of Infrapopliteal Chronic Total Occlusions During Endovascular Intervention

Infrapopliteal chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are associated with a approximately 20% failure rate. A predictive score for successful antegrade crossing could help guide endovascular interventions. We analyzed the angiographic characteristics of 213 infrapopliteal CTOs undergoing endovascular
Research Programs, Rationality, and Ethics

In footnote 122 of his ‘History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions’, Imre Lakatos states, “Let me point out here that the methodology of research programmes may be applied not only to norm-impregnated historical knowledge but to any normative knowledge, including even ethics and aesthetics.” He goes on to suggest that such an application would supersede the naive falsificationist ‘quasi-empirical’ approach as carried out by J. W. N. Watkins in his ‘Negative Utilitarianism’. In this article I shall attempt to show that a rational reconstruction of at least some theories in normative ethics is possible.1 Professor Lakatos’ criterion of rationality is based on his criterion of demarcation between science and pseudoscience. Hence, I shall begin my argument by exposing the latter criterion.
VoCaM: Visualization oriented convolutional neural network acceleration on mobile system: Invited paper

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely investigated as some of the most promising solution for various computer vision tasks. However, CNNs introduce massive computing overhead due to their complex network computing flow, resulting in significantly reduced applicability and performance, especially in the mobile devices. Various optimization schemes have been proposed mainly based on both model compression and stacked external computing resources. While these schemes have been proven effective, methods which take into account mobile-specific context-aware optimization approaches have been largely overlooked. One such opportunity is the feasible CNN computing flow simplification to the under-test objects with distinguish features, which can be efficiently pre-analyzed inside the mobile sensor system. Hence, we propose VoCaM, a visualization oriented CNN acceleration framework on mobile devices for image classification tasks. VoCaM takes advantage of the mobile camera system, where the comprehensive pre-analysis can be conducted to reveal the color composition of the under-test images without incurring any additional overhead. Also, the visualization analysis of VoCaM reveals that, certain color-specific filters may have very trivial result impact when the under-test images have mismatching primary color components. Then a set of approximate computing methods is applied to these insignificant filters to replace the intensive convolutional operation, and greatly accelerate the computing process. With ignorable overhead, VoCaM can significantly optimize the computation load of the convolutional layers, with very small impact on the overall classification accuracy.
Civil Society Activism under US Free Trade Agreements: The Effects of Actorness on Decent Work

US free trade agreements comprise unique provisions that enable civil society to present public complaints against labor rights violations occurring in the US or its trade partners. To date, a variety of complainants have used these mechanisms, including (inter)national trade unions, human rights organizations, and a priest. And yet, little is known about the submissions’ nature of agency and the effects it has on the procedural continuations to address illicit labor practices. To fill this research lacuna, this article employs a multidisciplinary framework of ‘actorness’ that measures the submitters’ diversity (professionalism/non-professionalism, collectivism/individualism, transnationalism/nationalism) and their effectiveness (rejection/acceptance of submissions and further procedural follow-ups). Combining quantitative examination with in-depth analysis of two diverse cases of actorness, and drawing on expert interviews, public reports, and minutes of meetings, the study reveals that the majority of public submissions were of professional, collective, and transnational nature. However, contrary to what extant literature suggests, this is not a guarantee that they achieve more far-reaching procedural steps in the protection of workers. Non-professional, individual, and national actorness can compensate for the advantages of professionalism, collectivism, and transnationalism.
3D printing technology will eventually eliminate the need of purchasing commercial phantoms for clinical medical physics QA procedures.

3D printing is not a new concept. The recent advances in printing speed, technology, and material selection are promoting its significant impacts in several industries, including health care. For our medical physics field, researchers are also finding its applications in various clinical aspects. However, the interests still remain in a few academic centers who have the luxuries of owning such an unconventional device in the radiation oncology department, or collaborating with a local 3D printing lab. As the 3D printing technology is becoming an unstoppable driving force in manufacturing revolution, are we also envisioning a future that 3D printing will become as common as a block‐cutting machine in a radiation oncology department? In this debate, we invited two researchers who are experienced in studying the clinical use of 3D printing in medical physics field. Dr. Eric Ehler is arguing for the proposition that “3D printing technology will eventually eliminate the need of purchasing commercial phantoms for clinical medical physics QA procedures” and Dr. Daniel Craft is arguing against. Dr. Eric Ehler is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Minnesota. He is the medical physics residency program director at the University of Minnesota Medical Center. His education and research interests are 3D printing, pediatric radiotherapy, radiation dosimetry, and machine learning. Dr. Daniel Craft is currently a medical physics resident at The Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, AZ. Prior to the beginning of his residency, Dr. Craft was a graduate research assistant and PhD student at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston Texas, where he studied techniques to deliver postmastectomy radiation therapy using 3D printed patient‐specific tissue compensators. He completed his Ph.D. in Medical Physics in May, 2018, and also holds an undergraduate degree in Physics from Brigham Young University.
Examples with a Single Positive Parameter

Several interesting problems relating to wave propagation in turbulence are solved in this chapter. The Zernike tilt jitter is calculated for finite outer scale with both von Karman and Greenwood models for outer scale effects. It is shown that outer scale significantly affects tilt even if the diameter is much smaller than the outer scale. It is shown that inner scale limits the maximum tilt that can be measured on an aperture. Tilt is calculated on an annulus, and it is shown that this tilt does not differ much from that of a filled aperture unless most of the aperture is obscured. The effect of diffraction on tilt is calculated. It is shown that tilt variance goes to half of its near-field value in the far field. The amount of tilt difference between two displaced sources is calculated. The power spectral density of tilt is found. An asymptotic series describes the behavior at high frequencies. I show that finite size sources and apertures can significantly reduce scintillation. Characteristic sizes for the source and aperture at which the reduction is significant are found. Inner scale is found to reduce the scintillation for typical inner-scale sizes. Scintillation of a beam corrected for turbulence by the use of a beacon that is displaced from the corrected beam is found. The scintillation difference between two sources in the sky is found. The phase variance of focus is found, and the correlation function of focus is calculated. The problem of correcting turbulence with artificial beacons is addressed, and the phase variances with a point, distributed, and offset beacon are calculated.
Dimensions of Addressing Schemes

This paper attempts to bring some order to the apparent disorder of numerous addressing schemes. Various addressing strategies are examined, and four orthogonal dimensions identified. These are: (i) number of address spaces per system, (ii) number of address-mapping tiers, (iii) when and how often mapping functions are performed and (iv) implementation of the access matrix (via capabilities or access-control lists). The number of address-mapping tiers in a system is directly related to the number of different forms of addresses present in the system. We discuss the functionality that can be achieved by the various options along the four dimensions. We focus on three important functionalities: sharing, protection and persistence. The functionality of dynamic linking is also discussed briefly. Twelve commercial and research computer systems have been selected and classified into three categories: (i) ordinary virtual-memory systems, (ii) non-persistent object systems and (iii) persistent object systems. The success of these systems in providing the above functionalities is traced back to their addressing schemes.
Understanding 3D Semantic Structure around the Vehicle with Monocular Cameras

In this paper, we propose a method to recognize semantic and geometric structure of a traffic scene using monocular cameras. We designed Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for semantic segmentation and depth estimation and trained them using data collected with a test vehicle, on top of which a 360degree panoramic camera system and a LIDAR are mounted. Collected images were manually annotated for semantic segmentation. Experimental results show that the trained DNNs can accurately classify each pixel and also accurately estimate depth of each pixel of images in validation data. Global average of semantic segmentation reached 96.4%, while overall accuracy of depth estimation was 88.7%. Generalization capability for both tasks was also tested with DNNs trained only with front facing camera images, resulting that semantic segmentation and depth estimation were successfully executed at slightly less accuracy. We also developed a novel interface using a head mount display, that enables us to evaluate results of estimation intuitively for checking how well the estimation of proposed DNNs is.
Lamotrigine-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

![Figure][1] A 47-year-old man with refractory epilepsy was started on lamotrigine. A few days later, he presented to our hospital with a fever, diffuse rash, and splenomegaly. Laboratory tests revealed a transaminitis, leukopenia (1.6 × 109/L), and thrombocytopenia (77 × 109/L). During the
Landscape Detection by Leveraging Millimeter Wave Communication Signals

Directional transmission is a prominent feature of millimeter wave communication systems, due to its near-optical propagation and the capability of beam forming. When the narrow beam provides high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the focus of power, it also implicitly hides bonus information for other purposes. One of the possible applications is the landscape detection by leveraging the reflection of beams: when a mobile user moves, the incident angle of beam may be changed; if it is non-line-of-sight (NLOS) beam, which can be determined due to the locations of base stations, the reflecting surface (building, constructions, trees, et al) can be estimated from the trajectory of the mobile user, the location of the base station, and the record of incident angles. This is in principle similar to the synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In this paper, the ideal case of infinitesimally narrow beam (as a straight line) is first studied. The estimation for the smooth curve of reflector is obtained. Then, the analysis is relaxed to the practical case of limited but nonzero beam width. The uncertainty in the direction is tamed by statistical modeling and filtering. Experiments in a 60GHz millimeter wave testbed are carried out to collect measurements and verify the proposed algorithms.
Sex Disparity in Outcomes of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Driven by In-hospital Treatment Delays.

OBJECTIVE We sought to assess whether sex-related differences in timely repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) were associated with excess risk of early mortality in women. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA rAAA is a surgical emergency and timeliness of intervention affects outcomes. A door-to-intervention time of 90-minute delay from admission to repair, with more women than men experiencing this delay (49% vs 44%, P=0.01). Neither were more likely to undergo transfer for treatment. After risk adjustment, female sex was associated with a 48% increase in 30-day mortality. Sex differences in mortality were no longer observed in patients with intervention delays of ≤90 minutes. In patients with >90-minute delays, a 77% increase in 30-day mortality of women over men was noted. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of rAAA patients have a door-to-intervention time longer than recommended societal guidelines. Sex differences in mortality after rAAA repair seem to be driven by in-hospital treatment delays.
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 b10 regulates acetyl-coa carboxylase-α stability and fatty acid synthesis

2733 Recent studies have demonstrated that aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 (AKR1B10), a novel protein overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma, may facilitate cancer cell growth by detoxifying intracellular reactive carbonyls. This study presents a novel function of AKR1B10 in tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells (RAO-3), regulating fatty acid synthesis. In RAO-3 cells, Sephacryl-S 300 gel filtration and DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography demonstrated that AKR1B10 exists in two distinct forms, monomers (~40 kDa) bound to DEAE- Sepharose column and protein complexes (~300 kDa) remaining in flow-through. Co-immunoprecipitation with AKR1B10 antibody and protein mass spectrometry analysis identified that AKR1B10 associates with acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACCA), a rate-limiting enzyme of de novo fatty acid synthesis. This association between AKR1B10 and ACCA proteins was further confirmed by the co-immunoprecipitation with ACCA antibody and pull-down assays with recombinant AKR1B10 protein. Intracellular fluorescent studies showed that AKR1B10 and ACCA proteins co-localize in the cytoplasm of RAO-3 cells. More interestingly, siRNA-mediated AKR1B10 knockdown increased ACCA degradation through ubiquitination- proteasome pathway and resulted in more than 50% decrease of fatty acid synthesis in RAO-3 cells. These data suggest that AKR1B10 is a novel regulator of the biosynthesis of fatty acid, an essential component of the cell membrane, in breast cancer cells.
Simulation Studies to Understand Sensitivity of an Optical Property Modulation-Based Radiation Detection Concept for PET

The concept of using modulation mechanisms of material’s optical properties for annihilation photon detection has been proposed by our group as a potential method to significantly improve the coincidence time resolution of PET detectors. In this paper, we use simulations to study whether the optical property modulation effect induced by single 511 keV photon interactions is detectable using modern optics methods. We start by simulating (with pyPENELOPE) the energy deposition profile of an ejected electron in the detector crystal, and convert it to the number of ionization charges created. Then we simulate (with Lumerical) the distribution of ionization charge induced modulation in carrier density and electric field. Eventually we calculate the change in optical photo-absorption and photo-refraction caused by the modulation in charge density and local electric field strength resulting from ionization. We focus our simulation work on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and indium antimonide (InSb) crystals under zero bias voltage at room temperature. Based on our calculation and simulation results, the largest optical photo-absorption modulation induced by a 511 keV photon is around 1 cm−1 (in CdTe), which indicates a total probe laser intensity change of 1.5%. The largest photo-refraction modulation is around 5×10−5 (in InSb), which represents a phase change of 6 milliradians (mrad). With optics experiments, absorption measurement sensitivity has been reported to be able to detect a total probe laser intensity change of 0.0007%. Refraction measurement sensitivity has been reported as better than 1 mrad. Therefore our simulation results show that with appropriate experiment design, it is possible to detect individual 511 keV photons with the proposed optical property modulation-based detection method.
Management of Hailey-Hailey disease with Castellani paint.

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), also called familial benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare genodermatosis first described by the Hailey brothers in 1939.1 HHD is an autosomal-dominant keratinocyte adhesion disorder secondary to loss of function mutations of the ATP2C1 gene, an ATPase responsible for calcium homeostasis.2 HHD manifests as chronic and recurrent red plaques involving intertriginous sites. Affected areas develop painful vesicles, erosions, fissures, and maceration and often have bacterial, fungal, or viral superinfection. Few treatments are effective for HHD. We report successful treatment of this challenging disease with Castellani paint therapy.
Dollar Tree Stores: Choosing a Financial Partner

This case involves the decision making process of single-price discount store Dollar Tree in considering taking on Saunders Karp, a private equity firm, as an investor and partner. The case requires students to perform a cursory valuation analysis, negotiate with counterparts from the Saunders Karp team, and make recommendation. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0035 Rev. Mar. 18, 2013 DOLLAR TREE STORES: CHOOSING A FINANCIAL PARTNER Three Weeks or Out Sitting in the waiting area at the Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Macon Brock turned to John Megrue and threw down the gauntlet: “Either we finish these discussions in the next three weeks, or the deal is off.” Brock, the CEO of Dollar Tree Stores (“Dollar Tree”), and Megrue, an associate in the private equity firm of Saunders Karp (“SK”), were in the final stages of a courting process, and each was trying to determine whether to form a partnership by completing a transaction that would infuse cash into Dollar Tree in exchange for a large equity stake. As part of the investment process, SK requested a due diligence tour of a sample of Dollar Tree retail stores, and Brock chose to escort Megrue around the stores located in the Detroit area. The sales data Dollar Tree's management had shared revealed undeniably strong store traffic, but Megrue wanted to witness the shoppers' excitement firsthand. From Brock's perspective, the day had been successful; it was visibly apparent that Megrue liked what he saw. Not only did the stores have a constant stream of shoppers, but all appeared to be barely restraining themselves from buying more than one item during their visits. . . .
Sleep and ADHD: A review article

ADHD which is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder affecting cognitive and behavioral domains of the person affected has also been known to be associated with sleep problems as a comorbidity. Sleep disorders including sleep-disordered breathing, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, insomnia, and hypersomnia have been known to have an intertwined relationship. On the other hand, changes in sleep pattern have also been reported to affect the domains that are affected in ADHD. Medications used to treat ADHD have also been known to affect sleep in these patients. This review article summarizes the complicated relationship that ADHD, sleep, and medications used to manage ADHD share. The cause and effect association should be assessed by clinical trials and animal studies to have a more clear picture.
Dynamics of crime activities in the network of city community areas

Understanding criminal activities, their structure and dynamics are fundamental for designing tools for crime prediction that can also guide crime prevention. Here, we study crimes committed in city community areas based on police crime reports and demographic data for the City of Chicago collected over 16 consecutive years. Our goal is to understand how the network of city community areas shapes dynamics of criminal offenses and demographic characteristics of their inhabitants. Our results reveal the presence of criminal hot-spots and expose the dynamic nature of criminal activities. We identify the most influential features for forecasting the per capita crime rate in each community. Our results indicate that city community crime is driven by spatio-temporal dynamics since the number of crimes committed in the past among the spatial neighbors of each community area and in the community itself are the most important features in our predictive models. Moreover, certain urban characteristics appear to act as triggers for the spatial spreading of criminal activities. Using the k-Means clustering algorithm, we obtained three clearly separated clusters of community areas, each with different levels of crimes and unique demographic characteristics of the district’s inhabitants. Further, we demonstrate that crime predictive models incorporating both demographic characteristics of a community and its crime rate perform better than models relying only on one type of features. We develop predictive algorithms to forecast the number of future crimes in city community areas over the periods of one-month and one-year using varying sets of features. For one-month predictions using just the number of prior incidents as a feature, the critical length of historical data, τc, of 12 months arises. Using more than τc months ensures high accuracy of prediction, while using fewer months negatively impacts prediction quality. Using features based on demographic characteristics of the district’s inhabitants weakens this impact somewhat. We also forecast the number of crimes in each community area in the given year. Then, we study in which community area and over what period an increase in crime reduction funding in this area will yield the largest reduction of the crime in the entire city. Finally, we study and compare the performance of various supervised machine learning algorithms classifying reported crime incidents into the correct crime category. Using the temporal patterns of various crime categories improves the classification accuracy. The methodologies introduced here are general and can be applied to other cities for which data about criminal activities and demographics are available.
On the cover of the rolling stone

We construct a convex polytope of unit diameter that when placed on a horizontal surface on one of its faces, it repeatedly rolls over from one face to another until it comes to rest on some face, far away from its start position: that is, the horizontal distance between the footprints of the start and final faces can be larger than any given threshold. According to the laws of physics, the vertical distance between the center of mass of the polytope and the horizontal surface continuously decreases throughout the entire motion. The speed of the motion is irrelevant. Specifically, if the polytope is manually stopped after each tumble, the motion resumes when released (unless it stands on the final stable face). Moreover, such a polytope can be realized so that (i) it has a unique stable face, and (ii) it is an arbitrary close approximation of a unit ball. As such, this construction gives a positive answer to a question raised by Conway (1969). The arbitrarily large rolling distance property investigated here for the first time raises intriguing questions and opens new avenues for future research.
Al-rich AlGaN based transistors

Research results for AlGaN-channel transistors are reviewed as they have progressed from low Al-content and long-channel devices to Al-rich and short-channel RF devices. Figure of merit (FOM) analysis shows encouraging comparisons relative to today’s state-of-the-art GaN devices for high Al-content and elevated temperatures. Critical electric field (EC), which fuels the AlGaN transistor FOM for high Al-composition, is not measured directly, but average gate-drain electric field at breakdown is substantially better in multiple reported AlGaN-channel devices compared to GaN. Challenges for AlGaN include the constraints arising from relatively low room temperature mobility dominated by ternary alloy scattering and the difficulty of making low-resistivity Ohmic contacts to high Al-content materials. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made recently in the formation of low-resistivity Ohmic contacts to Al-rich AlGaN by using reverse compositional grading in the semiconductor, whereby a contact to a lower-Al alloy (or even to GaN) is made. Specific contact resistivity (ρc) approaching ρc ∼ 2 × 10−6 Ω cm2 to AlGaN devices with 70% Al-content in the channel has been reported. Along with scaling of the channel length and tailoring of the threshold voltage, this has enabled a dramatic increase in the current density, which has now reached 0.6 A/mm. Excellent ION/IOFF current ratios have been reported for Schottky-gated structures, in some cases exceeding 109. Encouraging RF performance in Al-rich transistors has been reported as well, with fT and fmax demonstrated in the tens of gigahertz range for devices with less than 150 nm gates. Al-rich transistors have also shown lesser current degradation over temperature than GaN in extreme high-temperature environments up to 500 °C, while maintaining ION/IOFF ratios of ∼106 at 500 °C. Finally, enhancement-mode devices along with initial reliability and radiation results have been reported for Al-rich AlGaN transistors. The Al-rich transistors promise to be a very broad and exciting field with much more progress expected in the coming years as this technology matures.
Two-Dimensional to Three-Dimensional Growth of Transition Metal Diselenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Interplay between Fractal, Dendritic, and Compact Morphologies.

We investigate the role of growth temperature and metal/chalcogen flux in atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) growth of MoSe2 and WSe2 on Si/SiO2 substrates. Using scanning elect...
The hydromagnetic approximation

In a number of the diagrams in the previous chapter the curves were not extended to zero frequency because, at low frequencies, the radio approximation has to be replaced by the hydromagnetic approximation (Section 5.7). We have studied the hydromagnetic approximation for longitudinal propagation in Section 7.6, and for transverse propagation in Section 9.6. We now proceed to employ the hydromagnetic approximation for propagation in a magnetoplasma in any direction relative to the imposed magnetic field.
Liposomal bupivacaine for surgical site infiltration. (Is it superior to plain bupivacaine

![Figure][1] 1. 1. Hussain N, 2. Brull R, 3. Sheehy BT, et al . The mornings after-periarticular liposomal bupivacaine infiltration does not improve analgesic outcomes beyond 24 hours following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reg Anesth
Multiphysics Optimization Model to Design High-Power Ultra-High-Speed Machine for Portable Mechanical Antenna Application

This paper presents a new Multiphysics optimization strategy to design a high-power ultra-high-speed machine (HPUHSM). The design process of HP-UHSM is highly iterative and requires Multiphysics optimization to deal with different critical design challenges such as windage loss, thermal limit, centrifugal force, and vibration. However, the Multiphysics optimization of HP-UHSM is a challenge due to several design variables and the huge computation cost of finite element analysis (FEA). In this paper, an integrated Multiphysics optimization process is developed using a combined FEA and analytical model, which provides a robust design geometry and significantly reduces the computational cost. The optimization process integrates a parameterized FEA electromagnetic module with analytical models of thermal, structural, and Rotordynamic analysis. Therefore, it can apply multi-disciplinary design constraints from application requirements and the material’s limitations. The optimal result ensures an efficient and feasible design with a high design-safety-margin by considering the Multiphysics mutual influence. To investigate the efficiency of the proposed optimization model, a 2 kW 500 krpm permanent magnet synchronous machine is designed considering some unique requirements of a potable mechanical antenna. The multidisciplinary performance of the designed machine is studied using 3-D FEA and experimental analysis to evaluate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed model. The comparative results confirm that the proposed optimization model can design an efficient and robust HP-UHSM with high accuracy and very low computational cost.
Elements of Distributed Algorithms: Modeling and Analysis with Petri Nets

Distributed Computing is rapidly becoming the principal computing paradigm in diverse areas of computing, communication, and control. Processor clusters, local and wide area networks, and the information highway evolved a new kind of problems which can be solved with distributed algorithms.In this textbook a variety of distributed algorithms are presented independently of particular programming languages or hardware, using the graphically suggestive technique of Petri nets which is both easy to comprehend intuitively and formally rigorous. By means of temporal logic the author provides surprisingly simple yet powerful correctness proofs for the algorithms.The scope of the book ranges from distributed control and synchronization of two sites up to algorithms on any kind of networks. Numerous examples show that description and analysis of distributed algorithms in this framework are intuitive and technically transparent.
RELATIVE PRICE CHANGES AND THE REAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME The Case of Brazil

Abstract The relative increase in the price of food in Brazil is found to significantly deteriorate the real distribution of income.
RF Circuit Design Techniques for MF-UHF Applications

Magnetic resonance imaging, semiconductor processing, and RFID are some of the critical applications within the medium frequency (MF) to ultrahigh frequency (UHF) range that require RF designers to have a solid understanding of analytical and experimental RF techniques. Designers need to be able to design components and devices cost effectively, and integrate them with high efficiency, minimal loss, and required power. Computer-aided design (CAD) tools also play an important part in helping to reduce costs and improve accuracy through optimization. RF Circuit Design Techniques for MF-UHF Applications explains how to design, simulate, and implement RF/microwave components and devices for applications within the medium frequency (MF) to ultrahigh frequency (UHF) range. The book makes RF design simple by expertly blending theory, simulation, and practical application examples. A Practical Guide to RF Circuit Design in the MF-UHF Range: Theory, Simulation, and Real-World Application Examples After a review of network parameters used in the analysis of RF components and devices, the book examines MF-UHF design techniques in detail. These include techniques for designing high-power microstrip circuits, directional couplers, transformers, composite and multilayer inductors, filters, combiners/dividers, and RFID systems. For every device, the book gives the required theory and then explains the verification process with CAD tools. In addition, each design is illustrated with real-life implementation examples that use a variety of CAD tools such as MATLAB®, Mathcad, HFSS™, Ansoft Designer®, Sonnet®, and PSpice®. Design tables, curves, and charts are included to demonstrate an efficient design process. Throughout, the book also offers practical hints to help engineers shorten the design time. Design MF-UHF Devices More Cost-Effectively The book reflects the optimum design methodology used in RF engineering, from the application of theory, to simulation for verification, to experimentation. Packed with useful techniques, tips, and examples, it is an invaluable resource for engineers, researchers, and students working in the MF-UHF range.
Enhancements to cSAM spectral comparison

Growing use of infrared spectral signature data in scientific and forensic analysis requires collecting large quantities of data from a variety of sensors using a variety of techniques in a variety of environmental conditions. While individual collections are internally valid, variations and clutter in observed spectral features make signature classification and comparison both challenging for spectral analysts and often impossible for automated systems. As the quantity of collected data continues to grow rapidly, automated solutions are increasingly critical. For example, the Joint Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) Integrated Signatures Program (ISP) has collected approximately one million infrared (IR) spectra and relies on manually produced metadata to identify and classify signatures. The manual production of metadata, at this scale, requires significant and unsustainable cost and schedule investment to reduce errors and inconsistencies. The primary methods used to autonomously identify and classify IR spectral data include spectral angle mapping and key feature detection. Spectral angle mapping cannot compare spectra with differing domains (e.g., due to removed bands). Additionally, spectral mapping is a computationally slow process, running in linear time against an entire reference library to identify a single new signature. Key feature detection improves computation time by pre-calculating feature locations in the reference spectra, but this method is highly susceptible to noise and clutter features.