cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions between fatty acids and α-synuclein

a-Synuclein (aS) is an amyloidogenic neuronal proteinassociatedwithseveralneurodegenerativedisorders. Although unstructured in solution, aS forms a-helices in the presence of negatively charged lipid surfaces. Moreover, aS was shown to interact with FAs in a manner that promotes protein aggregation. Here, we investigate whether aS has specific FA binding site(s) similar to fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), such as the intracellular FABPs. Our NMR experiments reveal that FA addition results in i) the si- multaneous loss of aS signal in both 1 H and 13 C spectra and ii) the appearance of a very broad FA 13 C-carboxyl signal. These data exclude high-affinity binding of FA molecules to specific aS sites, as in FABPs. One possible mode of binding was revealed by electron microscopy studies of oleic acid bi- layers at pH 7.8; these high-molecular-weight FA aggregates possess a net negative surface charge because they contain FA anions, and they were easily disrupted to form smaller particles in the presence of aS, indicating a direct protein- lipid interaction. We conclude that aS is not likely to act as an intracellular FA carrier. Binding to negatively charged membranes, however, appears to be an intrinsic property of aS that is most likely related to its physiological role(s) in the cell.—Lucke, C., D. L. Gantz, E. Klimtchuk, and J. A. Hamilton. Interactions between fatty acids and a-synuclein. J. Lipid Res. 2006. 47: 1714-1724.
Modeling flow statistics using the linearized Navier-Stokes equations

We develop a model for second order statistics of turbulent channel flow using an associated linear stochastically forced input-output system. The correlation operator of the velocity fields is computed by solving the appropriate Lyapunov equations of Galerkin approximation of the original system. We use a variety of excitation force correlations and show the dependence of the velocity fields statistics on them. By using certain excitation correlations, we are able to closely match the flow statistics computed from direct numerical simulation of channel flow. The implications of these result for the proper weight selection in optimal control problems for channel flow are discussed.
Experimental evidence for aging food patches as a factor contributing to high deep-sea macrofaunal diversity

To determine whether deep-sea macrofaunal succession is observed in response to small-scale patches, we deployed colonization trays at 900-m depth for 23 d and 28 months. Treatments included sediment that was unenriched or enriched with Sargassum natans. Short-term Sargassum trays contained significantly higher and short-term unenriched trays significantly lower total densities than the ambient sediment. Both Sargassum treatments attracted high densities of a low-diversity fauna, but they differed in species composltion. Short-term, unenriched trays attracted low densities of a high-diversity fauna, and long-term unenriched trays attracted high densities of a moderately diverse fauna. All treatments showed low fauna1 affinity with the ambient community. In a 19-d experiment with S. natans incubated in situ or in sterilized seawater, different species dominated. Thus, differences between 23-d and 28-month Sargassum trays may have been related to changes in the food source; a succession of different species colonize aging patches, indicating that patc,h age may be an important source of microheterogeneity for deep-sea macrofauna.
Efficient Expression of the Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 P41 Capsid Gene Promoter in 293 Cells Does Not Require Rep

Efficient expression of the adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) P41 capsid gene promoter required adenovirus E1A and/or E1B; however, in contrast to what was observed for expression of the AAV2 capsid gene promoter (P40), neither adenovirus infection nor the large Rep protein was required. Although both the AAV2 and the AAV5 large Rep proteins efficiently bound the (GAGY)(3) Rep-binding element, the AAV5 large Rep protein transactivated transcription of the inducible AAV2 P40 promoter much less well than AAV2 large Rep. Differences in their activation potentials were mapped to the amino-terminal region of the proteins, and the poorly transactivating AAV5 Rep protein could competitively inhibit AAV2 Rep transactivation.
When is a Drug Not a Drug? the L-Tryptophan Tragedy: Lessons to Be Learned

In November, 1989, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) began receiving reports of a rare condition called Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS) in individuals known to be taking the amino acid L-tryptophan (LT). The association between LT and EMS came as a surprise to physicians and scientists because LT is an essential amino acid present in the diet and has been available as a nutritional supplement, without a prescription, since the 1960s. However, despite a recall of LT products instituted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as of July 5, 1991, 1,543 cases of EMS, including 31 deaths, have been reported to the CDC. This paper discusses the manufacturing, scientific, and regulatory issues which led to the EMS epidemic and recommends that regardless of how a substance is regulated, its purity be monitored and ensured by a responsible scientific or regulatory agency in order to protect the health of the public.
LUKAS D. TSITSIPIS . A linguistic anthropology of praxis and language shift: Arvanítika (Albanian) and Greek in contact . (Oxford Studies in Language Contact.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xi, 163. Hb. $78.00.

Tsitsipis's valuable and sophisticated linguistic-anthropological study reports on research conducted over a number of years in two Albanian-speaking communities in southern Greece, Spata in the district of Attika, and Kiriaki in the district of Biotia. These towns historically spoke Arvanitika, a Tosk dialect of Albanian. Although both communities date at least to the fourteenth century, they contrast sharply in that the first is very close to Athens, while the second is in a mountainous, isolated area. Kiriaki has a younger generation of fluent Arvanitika speakers, but language shift to Greek is advanced in both communities – shaped, according to Tsitsipis, not only by economic changes involving improved transportation and communication, the mechanization of agriculture, and urbanization, which have accelerated since the 1950s, but also by the ideological formations associated with the consolidation of the Greek nation-state, dating from the mid-19th century. The latter process focused symbolically on the exaltation of the heritage of the Greeks, and especially of their language. While adding considerable nuance to our understanding of the situation, Tsitsipis confirms the findings of Eric Hamp (1978:161–62; quoted by Tsitsipis on p. 11) that Arvanitika speakers “unflinchingly and happily accept the axioms that Greek is the oldest culture, Greek literature the first … and the Greek language the oldest, the richest … the only one with a true grammar.
Kinematic and ground reaction force accommodation during weighted walking

Weighted walking is a functional activity common in daily life and can influence risks for musculoskeletal loading, injury and falling. Much information exists about weighted walking during military, occupational and recreational tasks, but less is known about strategies used to accommodate to weight carriage typical in daily life. The purposes of the study were to examine the effects of weight carriage on kinematics and peak ground reaction force (GRF) during walking, and explore relationships between these variables. Twenty subjects walked on a treadmill while carrying 0, 44.5 and 89 N weights in front of the body. Peak GRF, sagittal plane joint/segment angular kinematics, stride length and center of mass (COM) vertical displacement were measured. Changes in peak GRF and displacement variables between weight conditions represented accommodation. Effects of weight carriage were tested using analysis of variance. Relationships between peak GRF and kinematic accommodation variables were examined using correlation and regression. Subjects were classified into sub-groups based on peak GRF responses and the correlation analysis was repeated. Weight carriage increased peak GRF by an amount greater than the weight carried, decreased stride length, increased vertical COM displacement, and resulted in a more extended and upright posture, with less hip and trunk displacement during weight acceptance. A GRF increase was associated with decreases in hip extension (|r|=.53, p=.020) and thigh anterior rotation (|r|=.57, p=.009) displacements, and an increase in foot anterior rotation displacement (|r|=.58, p=.008). Sub-group analysis revealed that greater GRF increases were associated with changes at multiple sites, while lesser GRF increases were associated with changes in foot and trunk displacement. Weight carriage affected walking kinematics and revealed different accommodation strategies that could have implications for loading and stability.
Bacterial Tryptophan Synthase: A Multienzyme Complex Which Contains Pyridoxal Phosphate

Bacterial tryptophan synthase has been the subject of pioneering studies on the relationship between gene structure and protein structure. A system for oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis of the trpA and trpB genes of Salmonella typhimurium has been developed to examine the role of specific amino acid residues in the two subunits. It has been found that changing arginine-179 of the a subunit to leucine does not inactivate the enzyme, but does cause marked alterations in the effects of ligands on site-site interactions. Our studies of structure and function in the tryptophan synthase complex will be greatly facilitated in the future by being able to correlate the effects of protein engineering with the known three-dimensional structure of the enzyme from S. typhimurium which is being solved by x-ray crystallography.
Corrigendum to “Theoretical investigation of microstructure evolution and deformation of zirconium under neutron irradiation” [J. Nucl. Mater. 461 (2015) 85–94]

Here, an alternate approach was used for the calculations reported in the paper, namely Eqs. (6)–(9), so the results are not changed.
Treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors depresses electroretinogram responsiveness in mice.

We showed that a functional complex of CA4 and Na+/bicarbonate co-transporter (NBC1) is specifically expressed in the choriocapillaris and that mutations in CA4 disrupt NBC1-mediated HCO3 −- transport leading to acidification of the retina. This finding (Yang et al., 2005) point to the importance of a functional CA4 for the survival of photoreceptors and imply that CA inhibitors may have long-term adverse effects on vision.
Weed Hosts of the Lygus (Heteroptera: Miridae) Bug Complex in Central Washington

Lygus bugs were swept from a variety of plant hosts in the Yakima Valley and Columbia Basin in Washington. Collected adults were identified to species, and nymphs were reared to adults for identification. Lygus elisus Van Duzee was the predominant species on weedy crucifers, chenopods, and composites. L. hesperus Knight populations predominated on volunteer alfalfa, the major weed legume. L. desertinus Knight occurred as a small proportion of the lygus bug population and generally in close association with L. elisus .
Kinetics of NO Reduction by Coal, Biomass, and Graphitic Chars: Effects of Burnout Level and Conditions

During the combustion of coal and other carbonaceous materials, the heterogeneous reaction of NO with the evolving char created in the combustion process is important for understanding the formation and reduction of NO. This investigation quantifies the effects of char burnout level and conditions on the kinetics of NO reduction by chars made from coals ranging in rank from lignite to low-volatile bituminous (Beulah Zap, Dietz, Utah Blind Canyon, Pittsburgh #8, and Pocahontas #3) as well as graphite and coconut char. Kinetic data were measured in a packed-bed reactor at temperatures between 723 and 1173 K. The rate constant for the NO−char reaction was found to depend upon the extent of burnout/conversion and conditions under which the char was burned out. The NO−char rate constant consistently decreases with increasing burnout when the char burnout levels are accomplished in a drop tube reactor at 1800 K and 3−5% O2. However, the NO−char rate constant increases as char burnout increases (up to 90%) when the char burnout levels result from reacting the char with 3050 ppm of NO in a packed bed at 723−1173 K. For the latter case, the relationship of the NO−char rate constant (on the basis of moisture ash-free char mass) and char burnout is approximately linear with roughly the same upward slope between 20 and 80% burnout for all coal chars studied. The activation energy of the NO−char reaction is apparently independent of both char burnout level and burnout conditions. The CO2/CO ratio in the exhaust stream appears to correlate with the NO−char rate constant for the chars burned out at low-temperature conditions.
Hormone Replacement Therapy

An estimated 10 million women in the United States currently use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for relief of menopausal symptoms or prevention of chronic disease conditions such as osteoporosis. 1 However, the early termination of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study, which examined the use of estrogen as primary prevention for osteoporosis and other chronic conditions, has led to reevaluation of the use of exogenous estrogens. In January 2003, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) revised the approved indications for estrogen alone or in combination therapy to include treatment of postmenopausal symptoms or prevention of osteoporosis, stating, “when these products are being prescribed solely for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis…estrogens and combined estrogen-progestin products should only be considered for women with significant risk of osteoporosis that outweighs the risks of the drug.” 1 The FDA recommended prescribing nonestrogen therapies (eg, bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone) for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in lower risk patients and advises use of estrogen therapy at the lowest dose for the shortest duration possible. 1
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Southeast Asia

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN), including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and multidrug-resistant glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters), have emerged and spread throughout Southeast Asia. We reviewed and summarized current critical knowledge on the epidemiology and molecular characterization of MDRGN in Southeast Asia by PubMed searches for publications prior to 10 March 2016 with the term related to “MDRGN definition” combined with specific Southeast Asian country names (Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Brunei). There were a total of 175 publications from the following countries: Thailand (77), Singapore (35), Malaysia (32), Vietnam (23), Indonesia (6), Philippines (1), Laos (1), and Brunei (1). We did not find any publications on MDRGN from Myanmar and Cambodia. We did not include publications related to Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. and non-human related studies in our review. English language articles and abstracts were included for analysis. After the abstracts were reviewed, data on MDRGN in Southeast Asia from 54 publications were further reviewed and included in this study. MDRGNs are a major contributor of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Southeast Asia. The high prevalence of ESBLs has been a major problem since 2005 and is possibly related to the development of carbapenem resistant organisms in this region due to the overuse of carbapenem therapy. Carbapenem–resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common pathogen associated with nosocomial infections in this region followed by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although Southeast Asia is not an endemic area for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), recently, the rate of CRE detection has been increasing. Limited infection control measures, lack of antimicrobial control, such as the presence of active antimicrobial stewardship teams in the hospital, and outpatient antibiotic restrictions, and travel throughout this region have likely contributed to the increase in MDRGN prevalence.
Determination of thiocyanate in milk and dairy products by spectrophotometry

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of thiocyanate in milk and diary products by spectrophotometry.Methods:After extraction of sample,the thiocyanate in sample reacted with chloramine T to form cyanogen chloride in neutral medium at 50℃.Cyanogen chloride reacted with isonicotinic acid and then hydrolyzed to form glutaconaldehyde which reacted with pyrazolone to form blue dye.The thiocyanate content had positive correlation with blue dye's absorbance in a certain range.Results:The range of linear relationship of thiocyanate was 0.0 mg/L～1.0 mg/L(r=0.9997).The detection limit was 0.02 mg/kg.The RSD was 3.48%.The standard recovery rate was 90.8%.Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,which is suitable for the quality monitoring of dairy products.
Public Health,Rational Addiction and Government Intervention

This paper applies the Becker-Murphy(1988) theory of rational addiction to the case of carbonated soft drinks,using a time-varying parameter model and scanner data from 46 U.S.cities.Empirical results provide strong evidence that carbonated soft drinks are rationally addictive.Taking rational addition into account,estimated demand elasticities are much lower than previous estimates.
High immunization rates versus missed immunization opportunities in a private pediatric office.

OBJECTIVE This prospective study examines coverage levels for immunization of two-year-old children in a large private pediatric practice, and delineates the frequency of missed opportunities for vaccination. SETTING A private single-specialty group pediatric practice in a suburban locale. DESIGN With the aid of our office billing computer, 218 children between the ages of 21 and 24 months who had ever received medical care in our practice were identified. A manual chart review was performed to identify those children no longer receiving care from us. Of the 189 patients remaining, the immunization records in the patients' charts were compared to the State of Delaware immunization registry to identify those who had not received the full panel of recommended vaccines. Those charts were examined to identify reasons for underimmunization. No patient recall was performed. The charts of underimmunized children were reexamined five months later to determine how many had become fully immunized. RESULTS On initial review, 86 percent of 21-24 month old children in our practice had received all recommended vaccines. Only 15 percent of the underimmunized children had had a missed opportunity for vaccination in the initial chart review. About half of the underimmunized patients received their missing vaccines over the next five months, yielding an eventual immunization rate of 94 percent. Only two of the 11 children still underimmunized by the end of the study (aged 26 to 29 months) had appeared for an 18 month or a 24 month well child visit; only four of the 11 had had a missed opportunity to receive immunizations during the five month study period. A subsequent chart review showed that 90 percent of our patients were up-to-date at 24 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Achievement of a 90 percent immunization rate for two year old children is possible in a large private practice. Most underimmunized children in our practice had failed to appear for recommended well visits; a minority experienced missed opportunities for immunization.
A Survey of Ultrasound Milestone Incorporation Into Emergency Medicine Training Programs

OBJECTIVES With the introduction of the Emergency Medicine Milestone Project in 2013, residencies now assess emergency ultrasound (US) skills at regular intervals. However, it is unclear how programs are implementing the emergency US milestones and assessing competency. With the use of the milestone tool, a survey was distributed to emergency US educators to determine when programs are providing emergency US education, when residents are expected to attain competency, and whether the milestones reflect their expectations of trainees. METHODS We conducted a prospective cross-sectional survey study distributed electronically to designated emergency US experts at 169 programs. Participants were queried on education and competency evaluation within the context of the milestones by designating a postgraduate year when the 5 milestone levels were taught and competency was expected. Survey findings were reported as percentages of total respondents from descriptive statistics. RESULTS Responses were received from 53% of programs, and 99% were familiar with the milestones. Most programs provide level 1 (88%) and 2 (85%) instruction during postgraduate year 1. Most programs expect level 1 competency before residency (61%) and expect mastery of level 2 by the end of postgraduate year 1 (60%). Sixty-two percent believe the milestones do not accurately reflect their expectations, citing insufficient minimum scan numbers, lack of specificity, and unattainable level 5 requirements. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial variability in the frequency and methods of competency evaluation using the emergency US milestones. However, most responders agree that residents should obtain level 2 competency by postgraduate year 1. Variation exists regarding what year and what skills define level 3 or greater competency.
Chloride channels in the apical membrane of cortical collecting duct cells

Ion channels in the apical membrane of cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells in culture were studied by the patch-clamp technique. CCD cells from rabbit kidney were isolated by solid-phase immunoads...
Risk Markets and the Landscape of Social Change

Abstract:With the critical derivatives and financialization literatures as background, I argue in this essay that risk markets (i.e., derivatives and insurance markets) play an integral role in insulating global neoliberalism from popular and elite demands for reform, as well as from the related imposition of new forms of government intervention. Inspired by Polanyi’s “double movement” and Bryan and Rafferty’s (2006) notion of “blending” in derivatives markets, the argument rests upon the insight that risk markets transform social risk into individual cost, resulting in potentially large but subtle implications for global prospects for social change. After providing a taxonomy of risk instruments that emphasizes their growing role in managing important social risks, I describe and provide brief case studies of two pathways through which risk markets help to protect the neoliberal order from political threats. The first involves the political positioning of insurance and derivatives instruments and markets...
Exercise and the Regulation of Endocrine Hormones

The endocrine system has profound regulatory effects within the human body and thus the ability to control and maintain appropriate function within many physiological systems (i.e., homeostasis). The hormones associated with the endocrine system utilize autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine actions on the cells of their target tissues within these physiologic systems to adjust homeostasis. The introduction of exercise as a stressor to disrupt homeostasis can greatly amplify and impact the actions of these hormones. To that end, the endocrine response to an acute exercise session occurs in a progression of phases with the magnitude of the response being relative to the exercise work intensity or volume. Various physiologic mechanisms are considered responsible for these responses, although not all are completely understood or elucidated. Chronic exercise training does not eliminate the acute exercise response but may attenuate the overall effect of the responsiveness as the body adapts in a positive fashion to the training stimulus. Regrettably, an excessive intensity and/or volume of training may lead to maladaptation and is associated with inappropriate endocrine hormonal responses. The mechanisms leading to a deleterious maladaptive state are not well understood and require additional research for elucidation.
Large format encapsulation

This paper will review the challenges on large format encapsulation with respect to mold cap thickness control, encapsulant impact on moldability such as flow mark and flow mark on final product. Control of mold co-planarity is best performed dynamically during molding, otherwise it would be challenging to obtain good co-planarity within ± 20 μm. Moldability demand such encapsulant coverage with highly viscous material, flow-ability and flow mark are discussed. Warpage control heavily depends on the formulation of the encapsulant and the form of encapsulant, i.e., granular, liquid and sheet.
Comparison of Food Allergy Policies and Training between Alabama (AL) and National Restaurant Industry

ABSTRACTThis study compared similarities and gaps in strategies and performance related to food allergies between U.S. and Alabama restaurants. The online questionnaires were completed by 185 managerial staff (United States: 110; AL: 75). Both samples have strategies to accommodate food allergy clients. Mean food allergy knowledge scores were 19.74 ± 4.61 (United States) and 20.21 ± 4.64 (AL) of 28 maximum score. Both samples viewed to employees’ lack of commitment and interest as barriers of training provision. More U.S. sample provided employee food allergy training compared to AL sample. More studies are needed to identify best practices in food allergy management that apply to the restaurant industry.
Intermittent claudication. The natural history.

Intermittent claudication is a relatively common disorder that ispresent in a subset of patients with lower extremity atheroscleroticdisease. Tobacco smokers should be urged to quit becauseof their higher rate of lower extremity and cardiovascular adverseoutcomes with respect to nonsmokers. Although lower extremitymorbidity rates are generally low, patients with claudication frequentlyhave coexistent cardiovascular disease, giving them asignificantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.Patients should, therefore, be selected carefully for interventional management.
Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Fractures of the second cervical vertebra (C2, axis) are common in adult spine surgery. Those fractures occurring in younger adult patients are often associated with high-energy mechanism trauma, resulting in a “Hangman’s Fracture.” Management of these fractures is often successful with nonoperative means, though surgery may be needed in those fractures with greater displacement and injury to the C2-C3 disc. Older patients are more likely to sustain fractures of the odontoid process. The evidence supporting surgical management of these fractures is evolving, as there may be a mortality benefit to surgery. Regardless of treatment, longer-term mortality rates are high in this patient population, which should be discussed with the patient and family at the time of injury. Pediatric patients may suffer fractures of the axis, though differentiation of normal and pathologic findings is necessary and more difficult with the skeletally immature spine.
Informed Decision-Making in Exploratory Factor Analysis

As the field of youth development grows, evaluation of program outcomes has become more embedded in the program process. It is incumbent on youth development professionals to understand more clearly the process of instrument development. One phase of the process involves taking a closer look at the data to determine if an instrument measures one overall construct or if items cluster together to reveal underlying constructs. Exploratory factor analysis is a technique used to determine the underlying constructs, or subgroups, of an instrument. While professionals may use a variety of decision-making steps, researchers have identified some commonly agreed upon considerations when conducting an exploratory factor analysis. This article seeks to make the decision-making steps of this process more transparent while also offering guidance to youth development professionals who may be seeking to use this procedure for the first time.
The end of the West and other cautionary tales

According to Meighoo, both continental philosophy and postcolonial theory have been too quick to proclaim the end of the West in the process of exposing the Eurocentrism that hid behind and grounde...
Rheology of Viscous CO2 Foams Stabilized by Nanoparticles under High Pressure

Foamed fluids with carbon dioxide in the gas phase have been recently studied as fracturing fluids to develop unconventional resources. This type of fracturing fluid is superior to water- or oil-based fracturing fluids for unconventional reservoirs, which are prone to damage by clay swelling and blocking of pore throats in water- or oil-rich environments. Conventional CO2 foams with surfactants have low durability under high temperature and high pressure, which limit their application. Nanoparticles provide a new technique to stabilize CO2 foams under harsh reservoir conditions. As CO2 foams will be applied as carrier fluids for proppant transport, it is essential to determine the in situ rheology of CO2 foams stabilized by nanoparticles under reservoir conditions in order to predict proppant transport and effective microchannels in reservoir fractures for improving oil production. This work studied the in situ shear viscosity and foam stability of supercritical CO2 foams stabilized by nanosilica (SiO2) i...
A Low Complexity and Secure Demand Response Technique for Peak Load Reduction

A new heuristic demand response technique for consumption scheduling of appliances in order to decrease peak to average ratio of power demand is introduced. The proposed technique uses a hopping scheme to schedule the appliances with flexible schedule without the need to obtain individual consumption of appliances thereby providing a high level of consumers’ confidentiality. The proposed demand response is built on simple mathematical equations that significantly simplify advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) as well as communication requirements. In the stochastic programming, energy consumption scheduler embedded in AMI defines appliances’ consumption vector based on the information vector that is provided in real time by network’s control center. To show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, its performance in reducing the peak to average and energy retail price is evaluated numerically and compared to idealistic as well as practical benchmarks.
A Semantic Role-based Approach to Open-Domain Automatic Question Generation

We present a novel rule-based system for automatic generation of factual questions from sentences, using semantic role labeling (SRL) as the main form of text analysis. The system is capable of generating both wh-questions and yes/no questions from the same semantic analysis. We present an extensive evaluation of the system and compare it to a recent neural network architecture for question generation. The SRL-based system outperforms the neural system in both average quality and variety of generated questions.
Combination of Fluorouracil and Interferon: Mechanisms of Interaction and Clinical Studies

Recombinant DNA technology has provided the clinician with a variety of biological response modifiers (BRMs) to combine with conventional cytotoxic agents. Preclinical models have suggested interactions between particular BRMs and cytotoxic agents ranging from antagonistic to synergistic. These conflicting preclinical results reflect variations in cell lines, assays, concentrations, duration of the regimen, and sequence of exposure.1 The bases for developing combination chemotherapy regimens, such as increasing dose intensity and combining drugs that have independent antitumor activity, may not apply to those for combining BRMs and cytotoxic drugs. Thus, the rationale for adding BRMs to chemotherapy may be more complex than for combining chemotherapy drugs.
Ischemia of neobladder : clinical manifestations and management

Substitution enterocystoplasty is becoming more common in a selected group of patients. Acute or chronic ischemia is an exceptional event. We describe the clinical manifestations and management of chronic ischemia of a neobladder that occurred weeks after a successful initial operation. The possible mechanisms responsible for this complication are reviewed.
Peer Influences on Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Disordered Eating

In this chapter, we review models of peer influence and discuss the role of peer relationships in the onset and maintenance of disordered eating and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence. Evidence suggests that unhealthy dieting and NSSI may be engaged in as a direct response to criticism from peers. This type of peer victimization may also increase negative affect, making emotion regulation more challenging which could increase self-harm. In addition to peer victimization, self-harm may develop through modeling, reinforcement, attempts to gain popularity, or other social mechanisms. Homophily effects are well documented, but additional longitudinal research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of peer influence on self-harm. Future research is also needed to address whether the co-occurrence of disordered eating and NSSI may be due to shared mechanisms of peer influence. The protective effects of peer relationships are also discussed along with clinical implications including strategies for prevention and intervention.
CORRELATING GENETIC MUTATIONS OF A BACULOVIRUS WITH THE PHYSICAL MAP OF THE DNA GENOME

The ability to map temperature-sensitive mutations of a baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), has been demonstrated. A marker rescue technique, based on the ability of a restriction endonuclease fragment of wild-type AcNPV L-1 DNA to re-combine with a ts mutant DNA genome was employed to determine approximate locations of several ts mutations of AcNPV with respect to the physical restriction endonuclease fragment map of AcNPV L-l DNA. Two mutants, ts N332 and ts B837, are defective in occlusion but non-defective in extracellular non-occluded virus formation. Thus, scoring for rescue of these mutants by wild-type fragments was based on visualizing occlusion bodies within plaques produced at the restrictive temperature following transfection. In addition, five plaque morphology mutants producing few polyhedra per cell, FPs, were isolated after serial passage of AcNPV in TN-368 cells. Analysis of the DNA genomes of these mutants with restriction endonucleases revealed that one mutant, FP-D, contains an additional sequence of DNA located at 66 md units (75%) on the AcNPV L-1 physical map.
First-Principles Study of the Li-Na-Ca-N-H System: Compound Structures and Hydrogen-Storage Properties

With the goal of finding new materials as a resource for alternative energy, various classes of hydrogen storage materials have been developed. One of the possible candidates is solid-state metal amide/imide. These chemically bounded solid-state materials will release hydrogen when heated and rehydrogenate upon an increase in pressure. Therefore, this practical requirement limits the operating temperature to between -40 to 80 dC and the pressure to between 1 to a few hundred bars. The main goal is to find new metal amide/imide materials within these specified thermodynamics ranges. Note that normally not only the thermodynamics but kinetics properties are also crucial. While a kinetics study would tell how fast hydrogen can be released and absorbed, this research focuses on the thermodynamics part only.First-principle calculations are useful tools for predicting new materials structures and exploring hydrogen-released reactions. Since density functional theory (DFT) can provide the accuracy as small as quantum-mechanical level, it is used to calculate properties of these amide/imide materials. Other tools used in this research include: prediction of ground-state structures of some amide/imide materials has been explored by electrostatics-based calculation (PEGS), Grand Canonical Linear Programming Method (GCLP) is used to calculate allowed hydrogen-released reactions under the specified thermodynamics range, and zero-point vibrational energy is calculated by phonons calculations.Here, all known and predicted crystal structures of materials in the Li-Na-Ca-N-H system are investigated in order to find the allowed hydrogen-released reactions.
Changes in Transcranial Sonographic Measurement of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Non-concussed Collegiate Soccer Players Across a Single Season.

Introduction Bedside ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is emerging as a non-invasive technique to evaluate and predict raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in both children and adults. The prognostic value of increased ONSD on brain computed tomography (CT) scan has previously been correlated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have also evaluated the association between high-contact sports, such as soccer, and TBI; however, the related changes in ONSD are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the natural evolution of changes in ONSD in athletes who participate in high-contact sports. Methods In this prospective observational study, volunteers from a collegiate women's soccer team underwent the measurement of ONSD with transcranial Doppler (TCD). ONSDs were measured during the initial visit during the pre-season period and again at the three-month follow-up. A single experienced neuro-sonographer performed all measurements to eliminate any operator bias. Results Twenty-four female college soccer players between the ages of 18 and 23 were included in this analysis. Mean ONSD during the initial pre-season clinic visit and the three-month follow-up were 4.14±0.6 mm and 5.02±0.72 mm, respectively (P < 0.0001). A two-tailed t-test analysis was performed, which resulted in a t-value of 4.76 and P < 0.00001. The average ONSD measured during the post-season follow-up showed a 21.3% increase compared to the baseline. Conclusion The evaluation of high-contact sports athletes is limited due to the lack of objective radiologic and diagnostic tools. Moreover, in an athlete suffering a concussion, return-to-play decisions are heavily dependent on the symptoms reported by the athletes. In our analysis of collegiate women's soccer players, active participation in soccer competitions and practice may be associated with an increase in ONSD, independent of concussions. Further studies are underway to evaluate the clinical significance of these findings as well as possible correlations between concussions and changes in ONSD.
SOTL: First-Year Students: Self-Perceptions of Their Research Skills

Note: This talk is part of a single SoTL session that runs from 1-2:30pm in JC Room B and includes a series of "lightning talks" that are ~5 minutes each followed by a roundtable discussion about the projects and SoTL in general. This is a great session for those interested in learning the outcomes of SoTL efforts, those interested in how to start their own SoTL project, and for experienced researchers who are interested in learning about other approaches and methodologies. BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION: This lightning talk highlights a SoTL project that tracked first-year Honors College students’ self-perceptions of their information literacy skills throughout their freshman year.
Correction to: Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review.

In the original publication of this article [1], the reference number [42] under the section ‘vitamin D and Cardiovascular diseases’ (page no.2) should be [37].
Abstract 579: Beta-blockers Regulate Hypoxia Sensing of Beta Adrenergic Receptors

Beta adrenergic receptors (βARs) are one of the most powerful regulators of cardiac function. Activation of βAR leads to phosphorylation by G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 and β-arrestin bindin...
AR360: Dynamic Illumination for Augmented Reality with Real-Time Interaction

Current augmented and mixed reality systems suffer a lack of correct illumination modeling where the virtual objects render the same lighting condition as the real environment. While we are experiencing astonishing results from the entertainment industry in multiple media forms, the procedure is mostly accomplished offline. The illumination information extracted from the physical scene is used to interactively render the virtual objects which results in a more realistic output in real-time. In this paper, we present a method that detects the physical illumination with dynamic scene, then uses the extracted illumination to render the virtual objects added to the scene. The method has three steps that are assumed to be working concurrently in real-time. The first is the estimation of the direct illumination (incident light) from the physical scene using computer vision techniques through a 360° live-feed camera connected to AR device. The second is the simulation of indirect illumination (reflected light) from the real-world surfaces to virtual objects rendering using region capture of 2D texture from the AR camera view. The third is defining the virtual objects with proper lighting and shadowing characteristics using shader language through multiple passes. Finally, we tested our work with multiple lighting conditions to evaluate the accuracy of results based on the shadow falling from the virtual objects which should be consistent with the shadow falling from the real objects with a reduced performance cost.
Organized insurgency, lethality, and target selection: Abu Sayyaf Group and Jemaah Islamiyah

ABSTRACTI examine the relationship between organizational stability, lethality, and target selection, and attack method of Southeast Asian insurgency. I do so by comparing the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG...
Survivor Cells Predict Which Patients Will Respond to Therapy with VNP40101M and Ara-C.

In previous research we have demonstrated that the expression patterns of apoptosis regulating proteins (BCL2, Bax, PKCα, ERK2 and phosphoERK2) from cells that survive in vitro exposure to chemotherapy (Survivor Cells) differ substantially from the bulk population of cells present at diagnosis, and that these patterns are predictive of response to therapy and survival. To test whether this could be used to identify which patients would respond to novel therapies the expression profile in survivor cells treated in vitro with the combination of VNP40101M and Ara-C was correlated with outcome of 20 relapsed or refractory AML patients concurrently treated on a phase I-II protocol with Ara-C (1.5g/M 2 /D IVCI days 1–4) and VNP40101M(dose ranging from 200–600 mg/M 2 on Day 2). There were 4 complete remissions among these 20 patients. Cells were exposed, alone or in combination, to 10 μg/ml of Ara-C and 200 μg/ml x1 or 50 μg/ml daily x4 of VNP-40101M. The percentage of surviving cells at 4 days was lower with the combination of ara-C +200 μ Mx1 (6.7%) or +50 μ Mx4 (11.4%) compared to single agent ara-C (17.7%) or VNP at 200μMx1 (11.5%) or 50μM (17.4%). Protein expression was measured after 4 days in all cases and also at 4 hours in 3 cases. Changes observed at 4 days were present by 4 hours in most cases (58%, 79%, 83%, 71% 67% for BCL2, Bax, PKCα, ERK2 and phosphoERK2 respectively). Early changes were frequently observed in pERK at 4 hrs that were lost by 4 days. Changes in Bax expression were often absent at 4 hrs but present at 4 days. A net apoptotic change score was calculated giving +1 point for increases in BCL2, PKCα, ERK2 and phosphoERK2 or decreased Bax and -1 point for the opposite. In this largely ara-C refractory population, the net score for the comparison of the Day 4 ara-C treated cells (D4A) compared to the Day 4 control cells (D4C) was uninformative with respect to response. In contrast the score of VNP treated cells was highly informative for response with patients that achieved CR having average scores significantly higher than non-responders when the results from day 4 VNP treated cells were compared to D4C (+ .75 vs. −1.6, p=0.06), or Day 4 VNP + ara-C treated cells were compared to D4C (+2.67 vs. −1.5, p=0.002) or D4A cells (+.33 vs. −2.2, p= 0.004). For this very small dataset the comparison of Day 4 VNP+AC treated cells with D4C cells had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 71%, a positive predictive value of 50% and a negative predictive value of 100% for remission attainment. Analysis of a larger set of proteins analyzed would likely improve the sensitivity and specificity. This suggests that analysis of protein expression patterns in cells that survive in vitro chemotherapy can be utilized to identify cohorts of patients that are most likely to benefit from novel therapies. This strategy could be utilized to individualize treatment approaches for AML patients, and possibly to screen new agents or combinations of agents for potential activity in AML.
An enhanced method for measuring capacitance based on the direct interface circuit

An improved method is proposed to measure capacitances based on the direct interface circuit without using either a signal conditioner or an analog to digital converter. The direct interface circuit has some drawbacks causing the inaccuracy measurement of capacitance. For instance, the pins of microcontroller provide the high and low level. But the voltages of high and low level are not stable, so the fluctuating high and low threshold voltages influences the precise measurement of capacitance’s discharging time; the high impendence state of pins do not completely isolate the discharging circuit and stray capacitances will appear in these pins. Therefore, some hardware circuits are introduced in direct interface circuit. The enhanced interface circuit uses constant voltage source to charge capacitance and voltage comparators to stabilize the fluctuating threshold voltages and analog switches to isolate completely the different discharging circuits. Experimental results show the enhanced interface circuit is more effective than the original interface circuit. When the values of capacitance to be measured vary from 100 pf to 2200 pt, the relative error of the original interface circuit is between 1.6 and 6 percentages, while the enhanced interface circuit is less than 2 percentages.
Positive And Unlabeled Learning Algorithms And Applications: A Survey

This paper will address the Positive and Unlabeled learning problem (PU learning) and its importance in the growing field of semi-supervised learning. In most real-world classification applications, well labeled data is expensive or impossible to obtain. We can often label a small subset of data as belonging to the class of interest. It is frequently impractical to manually label all data we are not interested in. We are left with a small set of positive labeled items of interest and a large set of unknown and unlabeled data. Learning a model for this is the PU learning problem.In this paper, we explore several applications for PU learning including examples in biological/medical, business, security, and signal processing. We then survey the literature for new and existing solutions to the PU learning problem.