cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual object concept discovery: Observations in congenitally blind children, and a computational approach

Over the course of the first few months of life, our brains accomplish a remarkable feat. They are able to interpret complex visual images so that instead of being just disconnected collections of colors and textures, they become meaningful sets of distinct objects. Exactly how this is accomplished is poorly understood. We approach this problem from both experimental and computational perspectives. On the experimental side, we have launched a new humanitarian and scientific initiative in India, called 'Project Prakash'. This project involves a systematic study of the development of object-perception skills in children following recovery from congenital blindness. Here, we provide an overview of Project Prakash and also describe a specific study related to the development of face-perception skills following sight recovery. Based in part on the results of these experiments, we then develop a computational framework for addressing the problem of object concept discovery. Our model seeks to find repeated instances of a pattern in multiple training images. The source of complexity lies in the non-normalized nature of the inputs: the pattern is unconstrained in terms of where it can appear in the images, the background is complex and constitutes the overwhelming majority of the image, and the pattern can change significantly from one training instance to another. For the purpose of demonstration, we focus on human faces as the pattern of interest, and describe the sequence of steps through which the model is able to extract a face concept from non-normalized example images. Additionally, we test the model's robustness to degradations in the inputs. This is important to assess the model's congruence with developmental processes in human infancy, or following treatment for extended congenital blindness, when visual acuity is significantly compromised.
RTSD/RS Gifts and Exchange Discussion Group

Le role des echanges dans le processus d'acquisition est primordial dans la constitution des collections, particulierement en periode de restriction budgetaire. La pratique des echanges et des dons doit etre institutionnalisee pour etre maitrisee
Fighting fat: how do fat stereotypes influence beliefs about physical education?

Article discussing a study on how fat stereotypes influence beliefs about physical education.
A library of reusable model components for visual simulation of the NCSTRL system

This paper presents a library of reusable model components for visual simulation of the Networked Computer Science Technical Report Library (NCSTRL) and illustrates how a visual simulation model can be developed for a new NCSTRL configuration by way of component reuse with no programming. Such a repository of reusable model components can be created for visual simulation of any digital library for the phase of performance evaluation and tuning and conducting what-if analyses for different system design configurations.
A kinetic model of membrane formation by CVD of SiO2 and Al2O3

Silica and alumina layers deposited onto the walls of porous Vycor tubes by chloride hydrolysis in an opposing reactants geometry have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. The layers are asymmetric, having a long tail toward the side of the chloride flow and a sharp boundary at the other side. The deposit thickness is several tenths of microns, while the totally plugged region is of order of 1 micron. A model has been developed describing reaction, diffusion and evolution of the porous structure in the Vycor substrate due to the accumulation of the solid product. The deposition reaction is described by transient kinetics in terms if the concentrations of silanol and chloride groups in the product layer, as well as the concentrations of the gaseous reactants. The model is capable of generating deposit profiles in good agreement with those measured by electron microprobe analysis.
P1C-7 A Novel Strain Formation Algorithm for Ultrasonic Strain Imaging

Ultrasonic strain imaging systems are gaining rapid attention for breast tumor differentiation, despite the fact that consistently obtaining high quality in vivo strain images is a persistent challenge. To enhance the clinical usability of such systems, much effort has been devoted to developing more sophisticated motion tracking algorithms. This study takes an alternate route to investigate a new strain formation scheme for improving in vivo strain image quality. This method is a retrospective processing technique that is not restricted to a particular motion tracking algorithm. A block-matching algorithm was used in this study for our convenience. Radiofrequency (RF) echo data acquired from a Siemens Elegra with freehand scanning of in vivo breast tissue were used to validate this method. Through processing of in vivo breast tissue data (7 data sets with different types of lesions and roughly 700 RF echo frames in total), our findings demonstrate that higher quality strain images can be obtained through the proposed retrospective pairing technique
Design and Demonstration of Concentration Cells for Small Scale Energy Harvesting based on Reverse Electrodialysis

Experimental results are presented to demonstrate feasibility of small scale power generation using static reverse electrodialysis (RED) of CuSO4 solutions. In contrast to conventional macro scale reverse electrodialysis, the concentrated and diluate compartments were not refreshed, resulting in limited power delivery times. This is important in energy harvesting applications from limited supply of ionic concentrations. Maximum output power density of 0.17 μW·cm−2 was recorded using microfiltration membranes. The evolution of the open circuit output voltage with time is accurately modeled at various concentration ratios.
Save the last dance for me: unwanted serial position effects in jury evaluations

Whenever competing options are considered in sequence, their evaluations may be affected by order of appearance. Such serial position effects would threaten the fairness of competitions using jury evaluations. Randomization cannot reduce potential order effects, but it does give candidates an equal chance of being assigned to preferred serial positions. Whether, or what, serial position effects emerge may depend on the cognitive demands of the judgment task. In end-of-sequence procedures, final scores are not given until all candidates have performed, possibly burdening judges’ memory. If judges’ evaluations are based on how well they remember performances, serial position effects may resemble those found with free recall. Candidates may also be evaluated step-by-step, immediately after each performance. This procedure should not burden memory, though it may produce different serial position effects. Yet, this paper reports similar serial position effects with end-of-sequence and step-by-step procedures used for the Eurovision Song Contest: Ratings increased with serial position. The linear order effect was replicated in the step-by-step judgments of World and European Figure Skating Contests. It is proposed that, independent of the evaluation procedure, judges’ initial impressions of sequentially appearing candidates may be formed step-by-step, yielding serial position effects.
Fluorous Tetrahydropyranyl Ether (THP, 2‐Benzenesulfinyl‐3‐heptadecafluorooctyltetrahydropyran)

[234084-47-0] C19H13F17O2S (MW 628.34) InChI = 1S/C19H13F17O2S/c20-12(21,10-7-4-8-38-11(10)39(37)9-5-2-1-3-6-9)13(22,23)14(24,25)15(26,27)16(28,29)17(30,31)18(32,33)19(34,35)36/h1-3,5-6,10-11H,4,7-8H2/t10-,11-,39?/m1/s1 InChIKey = QGNZWIUTMUJQID-AWQWYQQTSA-N (reagent used to protect hydroxyl groups; protected substrates are rendered fluorous soluble and can be purified by fluorous liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction techniques; after cleavage fluorous label can be recycled) Physical Data: mp 66–69 °C. Solubility: soluble in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile; insoluble in H2O. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H and 13C NMR, IR, elemental analysis. Preparative Methods: the fluorous THP is prepared by a three-step sequence (eq 1)1 initially involving treatment of a methanolic solution of perfluoro-n-octyl iodide, triethylamine, and [CpFe(CO)2]2 with 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran to give a methoxy-substituted fluorous THP group. This methyl acetal is then exchanged with thiophenol to give a phenylthioacetal, which is subsequently oxidized with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid to give the desired sulfoxide. The minor, less reactive trans-diastereomer is removed at this stage by flash column chromatography on silica. The diastereomers may also be separated prior to oxidation to the sulfoxides, although with more difficulty since the RF difference is much smaller between the diastereomeric thioacetals. (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: reagent is best stored under a nitrogen atmosphere in a dry environment.
Growth factor expression by human oviduct and buffalo rat liver coculture cells

Abstract Objective: To characterize growth factor gene expression by passaged coculture cell lines demonstrated to enhance in vitro pre-embryo growth. Design: Ribonucleic acids isolated from the isthmus, ampullary, and fimbriae portions of the human oviduct, and from buffalo rat liver cell monolayers were subjected to Northern analysis using probes for growth factors. Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital. Patient(s): Two reproductive age women undergoing a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy for benign gynecologic conditions consented to experimental use of their oviducts. Intervention(s): Cell cultures were established from fresh human oviduct segments and commercially purchased buffalo rat liver cells. After two passages, total RNA was isolated from these confluent monolayers, fractionated on denaturing agarose gels, transferred to nylon membranes, and analyzed by Northern hybridization using complementary DNAs from epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor, also known as Kit-ligand, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF), leukemia inhibitory factor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Radioactively labeled probes were prepared by in vitro transcription or by 5' end labeling. After hybridization, blots were washed at increasing strigencies to remove nonspecifically bound radioactivity and subjected to autoradiography. Result(s): Human oviduct coculture cells express EGF (kit-ligand), CSF, leukemia inhibitory factor, and IL-6. Buffalo rat liver cells contain the messenger RNA transcripts for kit-ligand and CSF. Conclusion(s): Human oviduct and buffalo rat liver coculture cells express specific growth factors. These results support the theory that coculture systems may enhance pre-embryo growth via the production of embryotrophic factors. The identification of these ligands may provide the rationale for selecting specific growth factors for media supplementation as well as contribute to our understanding of the general mechanisms involved in regulating early embryonic growth and development.
The human genome project: past, present, and future

This article presents a short discussion of the development of the human genome program in the United States, a summary of the current status of the organization and administration of the National Institutes of Health component of the program, and some prospects for the future directions of the program and the applications of genome information.
Stoichiometry and affinity for thymine DNA glycosylase binding to specific and nonspecific DNA.

Deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine creates mutagenic G·T mispairs, contributing to cancer and genetic disease. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine from these G·T lesions, and follow-on base excision repair yields a G·C pair. A previous crystal structure revealed TDG (catalytic domain) bound to abasic DNA product in a 2:1 complex, one subunit at the abasic site and the other bound to undamaged DNA. Biochemical studies showed TDG can bind abasic DNA with 1:1 or 2:1 stoichiometry, but the dissociation constants were unknown, as was the stoichiometry and affinity for binding substrates and undamaged DNA. We showed that 2:1 binding is dispensable for G·U activity, but its role in G·T repair was unknown. Using equilibrium binding anisotropy experiments, we show that a single TDG subunit binds very tightly to G·U mispairs and abasic (G·AP) sites, and somewhat less tightly G·T mispairs. Kinetics experiments show 1:1 binding provides full G·T activity. TDG binds undamaged CpG sites with remarkable affinity, modestly weaker than G·T mispairs, and exhibits substantial affinity for nonspecific DNA. While 2:1 binding is observed for large excess TDG concentrations, our findings indicate that a single TDG subunit is fully capable of locating and processing G·U or G·T lesions.
Promoting Access to Postsecondary Education for Low-Income Students With Disabilities:

Few students with disabilities from high-poverty backgrounds attend college. We discuss the effects of disability and growing up in poverty on expectations for postsecondary education attendance. We describe the limiting effects of attending high-poverty high schools on student achievement followed by challenges faced by low-income students with disabilities in accessing and completing college programs including the role of federal student aid programs. Finally, we discuss the limited employment outcomes for adults with disabilities, in particular, those from high-poverty backgrounds who have not completed college. We conclude with implications and recommendations for policy.
PARENTAGE ANALYSIS OF THE CANYON MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS CRINITUS): EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE PATERNITY

Mating systems within the genus Peromyscus have traditionally been inferred from field observations of spatial relationships of males and females and from laboratory behavioral studies. The majority of species within Peromyscus are assumed to be promiscuous, but rarely have these conclusions been verified with molecular data. Genotypes constructed from 4 microsatellite loci were used to determine paternity in 10 litters of the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus). We applied 3 criteria for paternity assignment: direct observation of paternal alleles, correlation of sampled male and offspring genotypes (mothers known) including spatial relationship data, and application of a likelihood estimator. Multiple paternity occurred in a minimum of 20% of the litters, yet we found no evidence that would indicate that any putative father sired 2 or more litters. Dispersal of males between the time of copulation and parturition was minimal (7.5‐70 m) in most cases, but 1 male was captured in a rock outcropping separate from that of his sired litter (174 m). Our use of 3 different criteria allowed a greater number of male paternity assignments to be inferred than would have been possible when using software program CERVUS alone, and increased confidence in these results.
Contribution of Physical Interactions to Signaling Specificity between a Diguanylate Cyclase and Its Effector

ABSTRACT Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger that controls multiple cellular processes. c-di-GMP networks have up to dozens of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) that synthesize c-di-GMP along with many c-di-GMP-responsive target proteins that can bind and respond to this signal. For such networks to have order, a mechanism(s) likely exists that allow DGCs to specifically signal their targets, and it has been suggested that physical interactions might provide such specificity. Our results show a DGC from Pseudomonas fluorescens physically interacting with its target protein at a conserved interface, and this interface can be predictive of DGC-target protein interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that physical interaction is necessary for the DGC to maximally signal its target. If such “local signaling” is a theme for even a fraction of the DGCs used by bacteria, it becomes possible to posit a model whereby physical interaction allows a DGC to directly signal its target protein, which in turn may help curtail undesired cross talk with other members of the network. IMPORTANCE An important question in microbiology is how bacteria make decisions using a signaling network made up of proteins that make, break, and bind the second messenger c-di-GMP, which is responsible for controlling many cellular behaviors. Previous work has shown that a given DGC enzyme will signal for specific cellular outputs, despite making the same diffusible molecule as its sibling DGCs in the unpartitioned space of the bacterial cell. Understanding how one DGC differentiates its output from the dozens of other such enzymes in the cell is synonymous with understanding a large component of the bacterial decision-making machinery. We present evidence for a helix on a DGC used to physically associate with its target protein, which is necessary to achieve maximal signaling.
Creation of Synthetic Microdata for Data Envelopment Analysis Using Nondominated Sorting

The Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP) of the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture has the calculation of trade-offs among farm profitability, environmental quality and program efficiency as one of its major objectives. This analysis requires production data at the level of individual farms for economic modeling. The best source of farm level production data is the Census of Agriculture, but the records for individual farms are confidential and cannot be directly used for the CEAP analysis. This study presents a method of synthetic data creation using constrained draws from a Bayesian network. The environmental studies that will be implemented with the synthetic data require that the sum of each variable in the synthetic data closely matches the observed sums within a watershed. The constraints are applied in a novel application of a nondominated sorted genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), and the synthetic data that is created is shown to protect the confidentiality of the original Census of Agriculture records. To assess the use of the synthetic data for economic analysis, we show that the best practice production frontier calculated with data envelopment analysis using synthetic microdata is statistically the same as the best practice production frontier calculated from original data. These results support the use of synthetic data sets created with method in the multiple objective economic analysis of CEAP.
Liquid Ventilation for Neonatal Respiratory Failure

Description: Liquid ventilation refers to the process of enhancing pulmonary function through the instillation of perfluorocarbon liquid into the lungs.
Hydrogen measurement during steam oxidation using coupled thermogravimetric analysis and quadrupole mass spectrometry

Abstract An analytical technique is presented with the goal of measuring reaction kinetics during steam oxidation reactions for three cases in which obtaining kinetics information often requires a prohibitive amount of time and cost. The technique presented relies on coupling thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with a quantitative hydrogen measurement technique using quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS). The first case considered is in differentiating between the kinetics of steam oxidation reactions and those for simultaneously reacting gaseous impurities such as nitrogen or oxygen. The second case allows one to independently measure the kinetics of oxide and hydride formation for systems in which both of these reactions are known to take place during steam oxidation. The third case deals with measuring the kinetics of formation for competing volatile and non-volatile oxides during certain steam oxidation reactions. In order to meet the requirements of the coupled technique, a methodology is presented which attempts to provide quantitative measurement of hydrogen generation using QMS in the presence of an interfering fragmentation species, namely water vapor. This is achieved such that all calibrations and corrections are performed during the TGA baseline and steam oxidation programs, making system operation virtually identical to standard TGA. Benchmarking results showed a relative error in hydrogen measurement of 5.7–8.4% following the application of a correction factor. Finally, suggestions are made for possible improvements to the presented technique so that it may be better applied to the three cases presented.
Methods for assessment of the rate of onset and offset of insulin action during nonsteady state in humans

Measurement of glucose turnover under non-steady-state conditions has proven problematic. When the mass of the glucose pool is not changing (i.e., glucose concentrations are constant) non-steady-state error can be minimized if all glucose entering the circulation has the same specific activity as plasma [radioactive infused glucose (hot-GINF) method]. Alternatively, a second tracer can be used to measure the effective volume of glucose [variable-pV method of Issekutz (T. Issekutz, R. Issekutz, and D. Elahi. (Can. J. Physiol. 52:215-224, 1974)]. To determine whether these techniques provide concordant assessments of insulin action under non-steady-state conditions, glucose turnover was measured in six subjects. After initiation of insulin (0.6 mU.kg-1 x min-1), both methods indicated similar rates of suppression of hepatic glucose release, which was complete by approximately 100-120 min. In contrast, the traditional fixed-pV method of Steele (R. Steele, J. Wall, R. DeBodo, and N. Altszuler. Am. J. Physiol. 187:15-24 1956) underestimated turnover (P < 0.01) resulting in apparent complete suppression of glucose release within approximately 40 min (P < 0.01 vs. other methods). The hot-GINF and variable-pV methods also yielded similar estimates of turnover after discontinuation of insulin. Both indicated that resumption of hepatic glucose release was slower (P < 0.01) and fall of glucose uptake faster (P < 0.01) than suggested by the fixed-pV method. Thus both the hot-GINF and variable-pV methods avoid non-steady-state error introduced by the fixed-pV method and provide concordant assessments of the rate of onset and offset of insulin action.
Oceanographic instrument simulator

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) established the Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment (FOCE) experiment to study the long term effects of decreased ocean pH levels by developing in-situ platforms [1]. Deep FOCE (dpFOCE) was the first platform, which was deployed in 890 meters of water in Monterey Bay. After the conclusion of dpFOCE, MBARI developed an open source shallow water FOCE (swFOCE) platform to facilitate worldwide shallow water experiments on FOCE [1][2]. A shallow water platform can be more ubiquitous than a deep-water platform as shallow water instruments are less expensive (as it does not have to be designed to withstand the pressure at deep ocean depths) and more easily deployed (they can be deployed right along the coast). The swFOCE experiment is an open source platform, and MBARI has made the plans available online to anyone interested in studying shallow water carbon enrichment. The Oceanographic instrument simulator (OIS), described in this paper provides the means for MBARI engineers to test the swFOCE platform without attaching the numerous and expensive oceanographic instruments. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator simulates the various scientific instruments that could be deployed in an actual experiment.
Epigenetics and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Epigenetic changes are targeted to the DNA, as well as chromatin core histones and unlike genetic mutations these changes are reversible, making them attractive targets for therapeutic purposes [1]. Multiple levels of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms provide orchestration of chromatin structure for gene expression in healthy cells; however, result inappropriate silencing or activation of gene expressions, finally leading to various disease states such as cancer [2]. Epigenetic modifications can be a determinant factor to characterize the disease states, and detailed profiling of these modifications may allow predictions of disease outcome or therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic therapy can offer promising tools to restore/reverse changes. Interestingly, several epigenetic inhibitors such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are in clinics for the treatment of various hematological malignancies. Potential epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, such as histone acetylation/deacetylation, histone methylation/demethylation, histone phosphorylation, non-covalent mechanisms, such as incorporation of histone variants, nucleosome remodeling and positioning, microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are important targets for therapeutic purposes [2,3]. How these effectors interact to each other to affect gene expression and cause disease is the active field of study in epigenetics.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Ubiquitin Conjugation Mechanism

Post-translational modification of proteins can have drastic effect on their structure and function. One such modification involves the attachment of a small protein, ubiquitin. An important function of ubiquitination is to signal proteins for cellular degradation. This process occurs in three enzymatic steps. In the second step, ubiquitin transfers to a conjugating enzyme, called E2, which then transfers ubiquitin to a lysine in the target protein. However, the mechanistic details for this final transfer remain obscured. Although it is clear that ubiquitin does bind, there are no studies that show exactly how this happens. The two most favored proposals involve a step-wise mechanism with a tetrahedral oxyanion intermediate and concerted mechanism. This work probes the accuracy of the oxyanion hypothesis. In particular, if the oxygen on the observed carbonyl carbon can form a stable hydrogen bond with the hydrogen on the nitrogen of the asparagine side chain, then oxyanion intermediate is plausible. By using molecular dynamics (MD), combined with umbrella sampling, a free energy profile of the formation of the breaking and forming of the hydrogen bond is constructed to see if its creation is thermodynamically favorable. Furthermore, information about the hydrogen-bonding environment in the active site is extracted.
Effect of Film Formation Method and Annealing on Crystallinity of Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Films

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) has been shown to have potential medical usage such as in drug delivery because it can degrade into bioabsorbable products in physiological environments, and its degradation is affected by crystallinity. In this paper, the effect of film formation method and annealing on the crystallinity of PLLA are investigated. The films are made through solvent casting and spin coating methods, and subsequent annealing is conducted. The resulting crystalline morphology, structure, conformation, and intermolecular interaction are examined using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is observed that solvent casting produces category 1 spherulites while annealed spin coated films leads to spherulites of category 2. Distinct lamellar structures and intermolecular interactions in the two kinds of films have been shown. The results enable better understanding of the crystallinity in PLLA, which is essential for its drug delivery application.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Pinus plantation establishment in Queensland: I. Field surveys for site preparation planning and site design.

Summary In Queensland, comprehensive site capability information is used to guide planning for Pinus plantation establishment. Prior to dealing for plantation establishment, field surveys are used to provide information for site suitability and site capability assessment. Knowledge of site capability is used as an input into selection of site preparation systems, site preparation design, taxon selection and fertilizer prescription. The information collected in, and the site capability knowledge inferred from, field surveys are described in this paper.
Investigation of the Mechanism of Action of Oxazolidinones

The need to develop broad spectrum antibacterial agents is urgent as multidrug resistant bacteria have emerged in hospitals worldwide. The number of efficacious antibiotics is diminishing because b...
The City in Texas: A History . By David G. McComb.

The City in Texas: A History . Bridwell Texas History Series. By David G. McComb. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. ix + 342 pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, notes, bibliographical essay, index. $35.00.) The author of this first-ever urban history of Texas is a revered figure among those who write about cities in the Lone Star State. In Houston: The Bayou City (1969) and Galveston: A History (1981) David G. McComb developed the two main strategies for narrating the emergence of Texas’s dynamic urban system. In Houston , McComb emphasized how the technological and economic transformations that have urbanized the world brought urban modernity to Texas. He flipped the equation for Galveston , stressing regional factors—environment, geography, and resources—that reshaped those worldwide forces. Written … ahlesso{at}ilstu.edu
An analysis of the effect of comfortable nursing care on patients receiving painless colonoscopy

Objective To explore the effect of comfortable nursing care on patients receiving painless colonoscopy. Methods 200 patients who received painless colonoscopy from August 2011 to August 2013 were selected and randomly assigned to a comfortable nursing group and a control group. The control group received regular nursing, while the comfortable nursing group received a comfortable nursing care based on the regular nursing. Blood pressure and changes of heart rate in the two groups before and after the colonoscopy were observed. Operation time of colonoscopy, incidence of postoperative adverse events and patients' satisfaction rate were also observed. Results The blood pressure and heart rate 5 minutes before the colonoscopy in the comfortable nursing group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The operation time, incidence of adverse events were significantly lower than those in the control group. The satisfaction rate was significantly higher than that in the control group. All the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The comfortable nursing care applied in a painless colonoscopy helps shorten operation time, reduces adverse events and improves patients' satisfaction rate.
Design and Implementation of Javacard CPU

Javacard is the development direction of smart card.Most of the Javacard systems use the software virtual machine to execute Javacard instruction.The system takes up a great deal of hardware resources,and it is unefficient.The resolution is to implement the hardware Javacard instruction processor.This paper describes a design of Javacard hardware processor based on microcode.
Active common-mode voltage reduction in a fault-tolerant three-phase inverter

A fault-tolerant topology in a three-phase four-leg inverter which is capable of reducing the common-mode voltage (CMV) during the post-fault condition is presented. The CMV during both post-fault and pre-fault is investigated. This paper proposes a topology to reduce the common-mode voltage during pre- and post-fault operation of the inverter by using the healthy switches. The accompanying simulation results verify the common-mode current reduction during the fault period.
The Exstrophy Support Team: A New Concept in the Care of the Exstrophy Patient

AbstractThe concept of the exstrophy support team is reported. It has extended the care of children with exstrophy into a lifelong continuum of effective assistance, not just by way of medical and surgical interaction but through knowledgeable and sympathetic coordination. There has been a spectacular improvement in over-all lifetime survival and much greater patient interest and appreciation with better followup and maintenance so that we can help quickly and effectively when problems arise. Now that we have achieved an increased longevity for these patients, we must be able to assure them the best possible quality of life.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Patients Requiring a Permanent Pacemaker After Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States.

INTRODUCTION The need for permanent pacemaker implantation (PCM) following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is uncommon but can lead to increased hospital resource utilization. Using nationwide data, we sought to (1) identify hospital, patient, and procedure-level risk factors for PCM after SAVR and (2) determine incremental resource utilization. METHODS We identified 659,692 patients from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database who underwent SAVR with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), mitral valvuloplasty (MVr), or mitral valve replacement (MVR) between 1998 and 2009. Patients with pre-existing pacemakers, a concomitant Maze procedure, or endocarditis were excluded. Multivariable regression analysis and propensity matching were used for comparisons of outcomes and costs. RESULTS Overall prevalence of PCM was 5.1% (n = 34,020; SAVR alone, 4.8%; SAVR + CABG, 4.6%; SAVR + MVr, 7.7%; SAVR + MVR, 10%). Important risk factors for PCM after SAVR were coexisting comorbidities, older age, and addition of mitral valve surgery. Hospital volume and teaching status, location, race, and sex were not associated with PCM. Among matched pairs, patients requiring PCM had lower in-hospital mortality (3.1% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001) but longer median length of stay (12 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001) and higher hospital costs ($50,000 vs. $37,000, p < 0.001), and they were less likely to be discharged home (33% vs. 36%, p < 0.001). Factors associated with later PCM (postoperative day ≥6) included SAVR + MVR, female sex, fewer comorbidities, northeastern region, and higher hospital volume. Median hospital costs were greater ($57,000 vs. $48,000, p < 0.001) among patients whose pacemakers were implanted later. CONCLUSIONS PCM following SAVR is associated with lower hospital mortality, but increased cost and length of stay. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12769 (J Card Surg 2016;31:476-485).
Teilhard de Chardin’s Vision of Ultimate Reality and Meaning in the Light of Contemporary Cosmology

Apres une introduction qui presente la vie de Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) et ses oeuvres, l'A. propose une synthese de la pensee du jesuite. Puis il traite des idees phenomenologiques de Teilhard et leur interpretation - et montre aussi que la science contemporaine, particulierement la cosmologie et l'astronomie planetaire, tend a confirmer les intuitions fondamentales de Teilhard concernant la structure ultime de la realite. Enfin, il etudie les perspectives plus theologiques et specifiquement «christologiques» de Teilhard, et montre comment le concept de «Plerome» suggere une solution decisive a la question du sens ultime, meme si, a son tour, elle souleve d'autres questions.
The Good Word: Its Non-Covenant and Covenant Significance in the Old Testament

The Old Testament expression ‘the good word’ has long been recognized for its significance in covenant nomenclature. However, the meaning of this phrase outside of covenant contexts has not been adequately explored in the scholarly discussion. In order to provide a more nuanced explanation of its meaning and development in the Old Testament, this study analyzes ‘the good word’ according to the following two-fold categorization: (1) those instances that evince a non-covenant context for the good word, and (2) those cases that appear within the framework of covenant language. As a secondary interest, limited attention is devoted to similar phraseology in the broader ancient Near Eastern context, providing a firm basis for assessing the extra-biblical parallels that have been proposed for ‘the good word’ in the Old Testament.
What Does All This Mean? Implications and Conclusions

Chapter 5 is the conclusion. In this chapter it is explained that the goal of this book is not to argue against a set of ideas, thoughts, or theories, but instead to inform people about a particular group of Mexicans who reside in Salt Lake City. This chapter also explains how this book addressed the complexity that exists within Mexican culture and their cultural ways of being, which the media commonly does not acknowledge and instead often depicts Mexican culture as monolithic. It concludes this monolithic view of a culture is unfortunate because it serves as the backbone to establishing stereotypes against Mexicans.
Investigation of wing crack formation with a combined phase-field and experimental approach†

Fractures that propagate off of weak slip planes are known as wing cracks, and often play important roles in both tectonic deformation and fluid flow across reservoir seals. Previous numerical models have produced the basic kinematics of wing-crack openings, but generally have not been able to capture fracture geometries seen in nature. Here, we present both a phase-field modeling approach and a physical experiment using gelatin for a wing crack formation. By treating the fracture surfaces as diffusive zones instead of as discontinuities, the phase-field model does not require consideration of unpredictable rock properties or stress inhomogeneities around crack tips. It is shown by benchmarking the models with physical experiments, that the numerical assumptions in the phase-field approach do not affect the final model predictions of wing-crack nucleation and growth. With this study, we demonstrate that it is feasible to implement the formation of wing cracks in large scale phase-field reservoir models.
Internal flow in droplets within a concentrated emulsion flowing in a microchannel

Droplet microfluidics has enabled a wide variety of high-throughput biotechnical applications through the use of monodisperse micro-droplets as bioreactors. Previous fluid dynamics studies of droplet microfluidics have focused on single droplets or emulsions at low volume fractions. The study of concentrated emulsions at high volume fractions is important for further increasing the throughput of droplet microfluidics, but the fluid dynamics of such emulsions in confined microchannels is not well understood. This paper describes the use of microscopic particle image velocimetry to quantify the flow inside individual droplets within a concentrated emulsion having volume fraction φ ∼ 85% flowing as a monolayer in a straight microfluidic channel. The effects of confinement (namely, the number of rows of droplets across the width of the channel) and viscosity ratio on the internal flow patterns inside the drops at a fixed capillary number of 10−3 and a Reynolds number of 10−2 to 10−1 are studied. The results s...
An Investigation of Transfer Learning and Traditional Machine Learning Algorithms

Previous research focusing on the evaluation of transfer learning algorithms has predominantly used real-world datasets to measure an algorithm's performance. A test with a real-world dataset exposes an algorithm to a single instance of distribution difference between the training (source) and test (target) datasets. These previous works have not measured performance over a wide-range of source and target distribution differences. We propose to use a test framework that creates many source and target datasets from a single base dataset, representing a diverse-range of distribution differences. These datasets will be used as a stress test to measure an algorithm's performance. The stress test process will measure and compare different transfer learning algorithms and traditional learning algorithms. The unique contributions of this paper, with respect to transfer learning, are defining a test framework, defining multiple distortion profiles, defining a stress test suite, and the evaluation and comparison of different transfer learning and traditional machine learning algorithms over a wide-range of distributions.
Animal, Microbial, and Fungal Borne Skin Pathology in the Mountain Wilderness: A Review

Mountains are home to numerous organisms known to cause skin disease. Bites, stings, poisons, chemicals, toxins, trauma, and infections all contribute to this end. Numerous plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa are responsible. This paper aims to review skin illness and injury sustained from organisms in the mountains of North America. Other factors such as increased ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes, and decreasing atmospheric pressure along with human physiologic parameters, which contribute to disease severity, will also be discussed. After reading this review, one should feel more comfortable identifying potentially harmful organisms, as well as diagnosing, treating, and preventing organism-inflicted skin pathology sustained in the high country.
Is the boss watching

A combination of computational modeling, neuroimaging and a causal manipulation of brain activity in humans reveals how the brain represents beliefs about how our choices will affect those of others we interact with.
DNA methylation analysis for the treatment of meningiomas.

In 2016, the WHO newly revised the classification system for CNS tumors to support the development of an integrated approach that incorporates both histological examination and molecular genetic analysis in diagnosing patients. While most WHO grade I tumors are benign, it is poorly understood why a very small percentage of these tumors progress.
Phase Transitions in Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory

These lectures are a survey of some mathematically rigorous results concerning phase transitions and symmetry breaking in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. This subject has a rather long history: The first results on phase transitions were obtained by R. Peierls in 1936, [Pe]. He showed that the Ising model in two or more dimensions has spontaneous magnetization at low temperatures. His argument was later reformulated in various ways and applied to many model systems. See the references in [Gr]. We shall apply a variant of the Peierls argument [GJS3] to prove that there is a phase transition in the two dimensional, anisotropic (→φ·→φ)2 quantum field model in two dimensions and we explain how, in this model, a phase transition gives rise to soliton sectors. We show that the mass gap on the soliton sector is bounded below by the “surface tension” of this model.
Cloning and in situ hybridization of rabbit decorin in corneal tissues.

Purpose. To develo molecular probes and to identify the cell types responsible for decorin synthesis in healing cornea. Methods. Adult rabbit cornea and rabbit corneal stromal cell (keratocyte) culture cDNA libraries were constructed. The libraries were screened with commercially available human cDNA and oligonucleotide probes. Positive clones were sequenced to obtain a full length rabbit decorin cDNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides for rabbit decorin were chosen as probes for Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization of healing rabbit corneas. Results. The cDNA sequences of the positive clones from the two libraries were identical in area of overlap. The combined cDNA sequence indicated a 1.5-kb length with a complete open reading frame for decorin. The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences are 90% and 88% identical, respectively, to previously reported human fibroblast and bovine bone decorin sequences. A hypervariable ragion near the N-terminal has little homology to decorins of other species or other rabbit protein. Northern blot analysis detected a 2.0-kb and a 2.3-kb band in mRNA from rabbit keratocyte cultures. Decorin mRNA was detected in keratocytes of normal and healing rabbit corneas by in situ hybridization. Label in the healing tissue was markedly increased above normal. Normal endothelium and epithelium in normal and healing cornea failed to show label. Conclusions. Decorin mRNA from normal adult rabbit cornea is identical to decorin mRNA from keratocytes in culture and is highly homologous to decorin from other animal species. In situ hybridization indicated an upregulation of decorin message in cells adjacent to and within the healing tissue. Both stroma-derived and endothelium-derived cells in the wound synthesize message for decorin
The synthesis and characterization of cationic photoinitiators bearing two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule

A novel series of photoinitiators for cationic polymerization have been prepared which bear two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule. These compounds have been fully characterized by means of their UV and C-NMR spectra and liquid chromatography as well as by their elemental analyses. The multifunctional triarylsulfonium salts have been compared among themselves and against monofunctional triarylsulfonium salts in the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of dl-limonene dioxide.
Information and direct democracy: What voters learn about ballot measures and how it affects their votes

Abstract Limited research has evaluated what voters know about the initiatives and referendums that regularly appear on their ballots. Analyzing survey data covering nine ballot measures in three U.S. states, I explore what voters know about measures that would implement policies ranging from approving same-sex marriage to requiring identification to vote. My results show a great deal of variation across both ballot measures and type of knowledge. Specifically, I find that knowledge of endorsements and status quo policies is similar to their knowledge of civics. Policy specific facts, however, lag far behind. My results also show that voters tend to know more about moral issues. Increased campaign spending also helps voters learn about relevant endorsements, though not facts. When comparing the efficacy of facts versus endorsements, knowledge of an endorsement has a measurable decision-improving impact on voters’ choices while knowing a fact only rarely does.
Bothersome tics in patients with chronic tic disorders: Characteristics and individualized treatment response to behavior therapy.

This report examined the most frequently reported bothersome tics among individuals with chronic tic disorders and evaluated the improvement and remission of tics and their associated characteristics. Youths and adults (N = 240) were randomly assigned to receive the comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) or psychoeducation and supportive therapy (PST). At baseline, motor tics and tics with an urge were rated as more bothersome relative to vocal tics and tics without premonitory urges. The five most common bothersome tics included eye blinking, head jerks, sniffing, throat clearing, and other complex motor tics. While CBIT outperformed PST across tic type and urge presence, tics preceded by premonitory urges at baseline had higher severity at posttreatment across treatment condition. Six individual tic types had lower severity at posttreatment following CBIT relative to PST. Baseline urge presence was associated with tic remission for CBIT but not PST. Specific bothersome tics were more likely to remit with CBIT relative to PST. Findings suggest that individual tics respond and remit differently to CBIT relative to PST, with implications highlighting the negative reinforcement hypothesis in tic symptom maintenance.