cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of supplemental lighting on serum LH, testosterone and semen quality in prepubertal and postpubertal boars

Abstract Thirty-six prepubertal boars received either natural lighting or supplemental lighting from incandescent or fluorescent sources between 8 and 35 weeks of age. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were similar among the treatment groups ( P > 0.05). Even though libido scores were higher at 20–24 weeks of age in boars that received supplemental lighting, the libido scores in control boars and supplemental-lighted boars were similar by 30 weeks of age. From 44 to 83 weeks of age, 20 postpubertal boars were exposed to natural or supplemental lighting and semen was collected 3 times in one week per month. No differences in spermatozoa concentration, forward motility, or total motile spermatozoa were found among the treatments. Semen volume of boars maintained on supplemental lighting was lower ( P
Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Human Paraoxonase 3 Protects Against the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Objective— We have previously reported that human paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is an HDL-associated protein capable of preventing LDL oxidation in vitro. The objective of the present study was to determine...
Multi-level network optimization for low power

This paper describes a procedure for minimizing the power consumption in a boolean network under the zero delay model. Power is minimized by modifying the function of each intermediate node in the network such that the power consumption of the node is decreased without increasing the power consumption of the other nodes in the network. A formal analysis of how changes in the switching activity of an intermediate node affect the switching activity of other nodes in the networks is given first. Using this analysis, a procedure for calculating the set of compatible power don't cares for each node in the network is presented. Finally it is shown how these don't cares are used to optimize the network for low power. These techniques have been implemented and results show an average of 10% improvement in total power consumption of the network compared to the results generated by the conventional network optimization techniques.
Amorphous Silicon-Germanium Deposited by Photo-CVD: Effect of Hydrogen Dilution and Substrate Temperature

The effects of substrate temperature and hydrogen dilution on mobilitylifetime product and hydrogen bonding are reported for amorphous silicongermanium films with bandgaps from 1.1 to 1.74 eV deposited by Hg-sensitized photo-CVD. The ratio of dihydride to monohydride bonding and preferential H attachment to silicon both decreased with hydrogen dilution. The best films were deposited with hydrogen dilution at substrate temperatures between 230 and 250 ° C. Model equations used to calculate radical fluxes to the substrate are described.
The role of the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid in blood pressure regulation and renal function. A review

Arachidonic acid metabolism through the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system has been the subject of considerable research interest over the last several years. This article reviews the biological actions of the metabolites generated through this pathway and explores their role in the regulation of renal function and systemic blood pressure. Arachidonic acid is metabolized by the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system in three ways: epoxidation, resulting in the formation of 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids; allylic oxidation, resulting in the formation of 5,8,9,11,12,15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE); and hydroxylation, resulting in the formation of 19,20-HETEs and 20-carboxyl arachidonic acid. Elements of this pathway have been localized in the kidney and several extrarenal sites. Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase, inhibition of ion transport and modulation of cell growth have been some of the diverse physiological actions demonstrated by metabolites produced by this pathway. As a physiological correlate of these properties, considerable evidence has accumulated regarding the role of the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Data in humans are limited, but in small studies increased production of these metabolites has been shown in hypertensive persons. In summary, several properties of products of this "third" pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism suggest a role in cardiovascular and renal function. Additional studies are needed to precisely define the role of this pathway in human hypertension.
Actinide crystal-liquid partitioning for clinopyroxene and Ca3(PO4)2

Using fission and alpha track radiography techniques, we have measured partition coefficients (D) for the actinide elements Th, U and Pu between diopsidic clinopyroxene, whitlockite [β-Ca_3 (PO_4)_2] and silicate liquid at 20kbar. Equilibrium partitioning at the crystal-liquid interface is assumed, and corrections for actinide zoning have been applied to the measured D values. Reproducibility for both actinide and minor element D values is carefully examined as a criterion for crystal-liquid interface equilibrium. The data are mostly compatible with interface equilibrium except for experiments at high cooling rates ( ⪸ 30 deg/hr). Partition coefficients for Th/U/Pu of about 0.002/0.002/0.06 are measured for clinopyroxene and 1.2/0.5/3.4 for whitlockite. At an oxygen fugacity of 10^(−8.5), Pu is much more readily incorporated into the crystalline phases than is U or Th because of the importance of trivalent Pu. The D_(Pu)(cpx) is similar to D(cpx) of the light rare earths supporting the concept of Pu/(rare earth) dating.
75 CIRCUMCISION: THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION ON PARENTAL DECISION MAKING

Circumcision is performed routinely on virtually all male infants in the U.S. although there are no valid medical indications for this procedure and parents rarely are informed about the operation or its risks. At 30-34 weeks, we randomly assigned prenatal patients to receive or not to receive written information about, and a description of, circumcision. The information was based on the report of the American Academy of Pediatrics (1975). 39 healthy term male infants were delivered; 15 of their mothers received the written information (Group A) and 24 did not (Group B). 14 of 15 Group A infants and 23 of 24 Group B infants were circumcized. A questionnaire was administered to the parents after circumcision was (or was not) performed. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the following: parental age, education and occupation; understanding of the circumcision procedure and its benefits and risks; reasons for wanting circumcision; satisfaction with the amount of information received. In Group A, 5 of 15 did not know what circumcision was and 11 said the information did not lead to further discussion and played no part in their decision. We conclude that providing this information to mothers has no role in the decision for or against newborn circumcision.
Rapid-to-Deploy Wireless Monitoring Systems for Static and Dynamic Load Testing of Bridges: Validation on the Grove Street Bridge

Bridge management officials have expressed a keen interest in the use of low-cost and easy-to-install wireless sensors to record bridge responses during short-term load testing. To illustrate the suitability of wireless sensors for short-term monitoring of highway bridges, a wireless monitoring system is installed upon the Grove Street Bridge to monitor structural responses during static and dynamic load testing. Specifically, load testing of the Grove Street Bridge is conducted after its construction to validate the behavior of a novel jointless bridge deck constructed from a high-performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) material. A heterogeneous array of sensing transducers are installed in the bridge including metal foil strain gages, accelerometers and linear variable differential transducers (LVDTs). First, the acceleration response of the bridge is monitored by the wireless system during routine traffic loading. Modal parameters (modal frequencies and mode shapes) are calculated by the wireless sensors so that an analytical model of the bridge constructed in a standard commercial finite element package can be updated off-line. Next, the bridge is closed to traffic and trucks of known weight are parked on the bridge to induce static deformations. The installation strategy of the wireless monitoring system during static load testing is optimized to monitor the strain and rotation response of the HPFRCC deck. The measured static response of the deck is compared to that predicted by the updated analytical model.
Duodenal lipid sensing activates vagal afferents to regulate non-shivering brown fat thermogenesis in rats.

Previous evidence indicates that duodenal lipid sensing engages gut-brain neurocircuits to determine food intake and hepatic glucose production, but a potential role for gut-brain communication in the control of energy expenditure remains to be determined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that duodenal lipid sensing activates a gut–brain–brown adipose tissue neuraxis to regulate thermogenesis. We demonstrate that direct administration of lipids into the duodenum increases brown fat temperature. Co-infusion of the local anesthetic tetracaine with duodenal lipids abolished the lipid-induced increase in brown fat temperature. Systemic administration of the CCKA receptor antagonist devazepide blocked the ability of duodenal lipids to increase brown fat thermogenesis. Parenchymal administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blocker MK-801 directly into the caudomedial nucleus of the solitary tract also abolished duodenal lipid-induced activation of brown fat thermogenesis. These findings establish that duodenal lipid sensing activates a gut–brain–brown fat axis to determine brown fat temperature, and thereby reveal a previously unappreciated pathway that regulates thermogenesis.
A drag correlation for a nonporous sphere steadily approaching an impermeable plane at finite Reynolds numbers

A particle experiences resistance while moving in a viscous fluid and this drag force increases in the vicinity of no-slip surfaces due to the wall effect. For a nonporous solid spherical particle steadily approaching an impermeable plane, Brenner analytically obtained the wall effect correction factor for the small Reynolds number (Brenner, 1961). For finite Reynolds numbers Wu and Lee calculated the correction factor from their numerical simulation (Wu, 1998). Unifying the results of these previous studies, we propose a compact form of the wall effect correction factor that is valid for Reynolds numbers less than 40.
Study of acute hemocoagulation changes in a porcine endotoxemic shock model using thrombelastography.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis have been associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemic sepsis. It has been well established by point-of-care (POC) thrombelastography (TEG) that pigs have a hemocoagulation pathophysiology that resembles humans. We evaluated the use of TEG during the development of coagulation abnormalities in a porcine model of endotoxemia. After approval by the Animal Welfare Committee, pigs were instrumented to record hemodynamic variables. Ten days after surgical instrumentation, LPS (50 μg/kg) was infused intravenously over a period of 45 minutes in conscious animals. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and for 6 hours after LPS infusion was completed. Simultaneously, blood samples were analyzed using TEG to measure reaction time ( R ), clotting time ( K ), alpha angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA), coagulation index (CI), percent lysis at 30 minutes, and percent lysis at 60 minutes. LPS induced profound hemodynamic changes associated with the induced endotoxemia. Concomitantly, a progressive consumption coagulopathy characterized by significant increases in R and K and decreases in α, MA, and CI developed. The overall hemocoagulation profile of the 3 nonsurviving animals (27%) was significantly different than that of the survivors. Fibrinolysis was not detected during the 6-hour evaluation period. All stages of clot formation were affected as demonstrated by TEG (increased R and K , decreased α and MA). Our results suggest that TEG is a rapid method for assessing coagulation abnormalities in early stages of endotoxemia in pigs. TEG could have significant clinical applications as a rapid POC method in human patients with sepsis.
Recent advances in ionic polymer conductor composite materials as distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators, and artificial muscles (Invited Paper)

Recent advances in ionic polymer conductor composites (IPCC) and ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) as biomimetic distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators, nanotransducers and artificial muscles are briefly discussed in this paper. These advances include brief reproduction of some of these advances that appeared in a new book and a recent set of 4 review articles published in the International Journal of Smart Materials and Structures, advances in manufacturing, force optimization, modeling and simulation and new products developed by Environmental Robots Incorporated, as well as numerous potential applications using Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMC's) as distributed nanosensors, nanotransducers, nanoactuators and artificial muscles. It is certainly clear that the extent of applications of IPCC's and IPMC's go beyond the scope of this paper or the space allocated to this paper. However, this paper will present the breadth and the depth of all such applications of IPCC's and IPMC's as biomimetic robotic distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators, nanotransducers and artificial/synthetic muscles.
Reply to Alwyn Young

Abstract There are two different sets of questions raised by Young's comments, one economic and the other includes econometric issues and the choice of variables. We consider each in turn.
High precision lunar tracking for laser ranging

Laser ranging to lunar surface retroreflectors has provided a valuable source of data for the investigation of the lunar orbit, the earth's orientation in space, general relativity, and many other aspects of solar system dynamics. Due to the moon's relatively large distance, and the requirement to keep the beam from the relatively low-power laser very narrow, acquiring this data type requires very accurate telescope pointing and tracking capabilities. The nominal requirement is to keep the telescope on target within approximately 1 arcsec of its predicted location for at least several minutes. An expansion of this requirement and the methods used to accomplish this high precision pointing are presented. Difficulties encountered and a few future goals of automating the McDonald station are also discussed.
Benzalkonium Chloride Is Still in Use

Benzalkonium chloride, a quaternary ammonium compound marketed under the trade name Zephiran (Winthrop-Breon, New York, New York) was noted to be in use as a general skin disinfectant in the pain clinic. It specifically had been chosen for skin disinfection prior to nerve root blocks because the iodinated skin disinfectants have theoretic risks of neurolysis. None of the pain clinic physicians knew of the infectious risks associated with Zephiran antiseptic use. The hospital pharmacy records then were reviewed to determine where else Zephiran was being used in the medical center. Eleven different clinics and operating rooms were receiving this product in 8-ounce multi-use bottles of either tincture of Zephiran or aqueous Zephiran. There have been no infections reported from these medical service areas. However, many of the services are outpatient, and resulting infections would probably be sporadic and not easily traced to Zephiran use. This country-wide survey was undertaken to assess the present use of quaternary ammonium compounds as skin disinfectants or as compounds for environmental and equipment disinfection.
Large-Scale Morphological Segregation in the Center for Astrophysics Redshift Survey

The luminosity functions and the spatial density fields of galaxies of different morphological types drawn from the Center of Astrophysics redshift survey are presented and compared. The luminosity function varies as a function of morphology; for irregular and dwarf galaxies it is significantly steeper than for ellipticals and spirals. The density fields of galaxies of different morphological types are compared, and the statistical significance of observed differences are determined with the use of extensive Monte Carlo experiments
An Empirical Look at Housing Rehabilitation as a Spatial Process

This paper addresses the question of whether the repair behavior of owner occupants depends on the housing upkeep of neighboring owners. The policy issue is whether spatial targeting of rehabilitation loans and grants to low income owners in specific areas of a city is effective in leveraging private funds of adjacent residents for housing repairs. This paper presents four case studies of low income residential areas that have been targeted for community development aid. Data collected for the Community Development Strategies Evaluation Project suggests that the additional amount each owner spends for every thousand dollars his/her neighbors spend, although measurable, is very small.
Childhood emotional abuse and disordered eating among undergraduate females: Mediating influence of alexithymia and distress

OBJECTIVE: Drawing from stress-vulnerability and trauma theory (e.g., Rorty & Yager, 1996), this paper presents a model of associations among child emotional abuse (CEA), alexithymia, general distress (GD), and disordered eating (DE). This study extended previous research on psychological outcomes of child physical and sexual abuse to explore those of CEA using measures of specific emotionally abusive acts. METHOD: Five hundred and eighty-eight female university students completed self-report surveys consisting of measures of CEA, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and DE. Structural equation modeling was used to test this conceptual model. RESULTS: Comparison between measurement models suggested that bulimic behavior is a separate construct from restrictive eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction. In the structural model with the best fit, the association between CEA and DE was mediated by alexithymia and GD (i.e., a component of depression and anxiety). Specifically, CEA was associated with alexithymia, which was further related to GD. Then, restrictive eating behaviors and attitudes mediated the relation between GD and bulimic behaviors. By analyzing a second, nested model, this latter pathway was shown to be important. CONCLUSION: While the best-fitting model is only one of many possibilities, these results point to a weak-but significant-complex relation between CEA and DE. They are associated through a series of mediating relations in a multivariate model including alexithymia and GD. The current study supports research suggesting that child emotional abuse can have a negative impact on its survivors. Treatment of those survivors manifesting disordered eating should be holistic, as opposed to targeted towards specific symptoms. Language: en
Role of cyclic plastic deformation in the wear of UHMWPE acetabular cups.

The mechanisms of wear in ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups were investigated on both laboratory simulator-tested cups and a clinically retrieved component. Two different levels of wear process were identified: one characterized by the formation and detachment of platelet-like flakes from initial machining marks, and the other by the formation of fine ripples and fibrils by repeated passes of microscopic asperities on the femoral head. Both wear processes could be described by a criterion of critical plastic strain. A theoretical model was developed to account for the generation of the microscopic wear particles based on such a critical strain criterion. Its predictions of the dependence of the UHMWPE wear rate on surface roughness and applied load were in excellent agreement with previously published experimental correlations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antarctic Bottom Water Flux in the Equatorial Western Atlantic

A moored array at the equator in the western basin of the Atlantic provides a 604-day time series of abyssal currents and temperatures spanning the full breadth of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) flowing from the Brazil Basin to the Guiana Basin. Mean AABW transport is estimated to be 2.0 Sv (Sv [ 106 m3 s21), comprising organized westward flow of 2.24 Sv and return flow of 0.24 Sv. The low-frequency variability is dominated by a quasi-annual transport cycle of amplitude 0.9 Sv and a 120-day period of amplitude 0.6 Sv. Maximum transports occur in September‐October, while minimum transports occur in February‐March. Allowing for this quasiannual cycle and extrapolating the 604-day record to a full two years adds about 7% to the estimated mean AABW transport. The array also provides limited sampling in the overlying lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW), where a southern boundary intensified flow of LNADW gives the strongest recorded mean speed through the array, 9.9 cm s21 into the Brazil Basin. The LNADW records also have a quasi-annual cycle with strong LNADW flow episodes occurring in April‐May. Time series of temperature indicate that the LNADW/ AABW transition layer rises and falls in synchrony with the quasi-annual AABW transport cycle (uplifted transition layer during strong AABW transport periods). An observed overall warming trend appears to be accompanied by a decline in AABW transport.
IQGAP1 and Calmodulin Modulate E-cadherin Function

Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion is mediated by the cadherin family of transmembrane proteins. Adhesion is achieved by homophilic interaction of the extracellular domains of cadherins on adjacent cells, with the cytoplasmic regions serving to couple the complex to the cytoskeleton. IQGAP1, a novel RasGAP-related protein that interacts with the cytoskeleton, binds to actin, members of the Rho family, and E-cadherin. Calmodulin binds to IQGAP1 and regulates its association with Cdc42 and actin. Here we demonstrate competition between calmodulin and E-cadherin for binding to IQGAP1 both in vitro and in a normal cellular milieu. Immunocytochemical analysis in MCF-7 (E-cadherin positive) and MDA-MB-231 (E-cadherin negative) epithelial cells revealed that E-cadherin is required for accumulation of IQGAP1 at cell-cell junctions. The cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist CGS9343B significantly increased IQGAP1 at areas of MCF-7 cell-cell contact, with a concomitant decrease in the amount of E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions. Analysis of E-cadherin function revealed that CGS9343B significantly decreased homophilic E-cadherin adhesion. On the basis of these data, we propose that disruption of the binding of calmodulin to IQGAP1 enhances the association of IQGAP1 with components of the cadherin-catenin complex at cell-cell junctions, resulting in impaired E-cadherin function.
The improving hematologic picture in long-term surviving calves with total artificial hearts.

A coagulopathy asSociated with severe hemolysis was a limiting factor in obtaining long-term survivors among calves with total artificial hearts in 1969. Conversion of design from sac-type hearts to flexible diaphragm hearts, and from Silastico Dacron-fibril intimas to smooth polyurethane intimas, resulted in an abatement of the coagulopathy. In the most recent series of animals studied at this laboratory, platelet counts are normal and platelet survivals are half of normal. Plasma hemoglobins are normal. The coagulation system is still activated at specific loci within the total artificial heart, but is best compensated for in calves treated with antiplatelet drugs, having polyurethane hearts.
Stiffening of restrained thermal structures via topology optimization

The majority of work in the thermal structures field has focused on reducing or eliminating thermal stresses by accommodating thermal expansion. In the modern day, several new applications, including engine exhaust-washed structures for embedded engine aircraft, are posing new design scenarios where this prescription is not possible. Thus it becomes necessary to utilize new design techniques to solve the problem of stiffening and stress reduction in thermal structures with restrained thermal expansion. In this work, a design scenario is presented to demonstrate the challenges associated with the design of thin shell structures in a thermal environment and the breakdown of common design methodologies. These challenges include a fundamental non-intuitiveness in the design space and the design dependency that occurs with thermal loading. Three different topology optimization formulations are investigated to solve this problem. The effectiveness of each of these methods is benchmarked against one another and general recommendations are made regarding effective design solutions for restrained thermal structures.
Chinchilla auditory‐nerve responses to low‐frequency tones

Single unit activity was recorded in the auditory nerves of chinchillas. Period histograms were constructed for responses to tones with frequencies 30–1000 Hz. For low‐frequency tones at near‐threshold levels, peak period histogram phases for low‐ and medium‐best‐frequency (BF) neurons (≤3 kHz) ranged from synchronous with condensation at the eardrum to 90° leading it. At near‐threshold (but high absolute) levels, high‐BF (≥8 kHz) neurons responded in phase with rarefaction. At even higher levels, period histograms for responses of high‐BF neurons tended to become bimodal, with one of the modes lagging rarefaction by 90°. Using cochlear microphonics as an indicator of basilar membrane (BM) displacement, at threshold levels, response phase of low‐ and medium‐BF neurons fall within a range between displacement and velocity of the BM toward scala vestibuli. High‐BF neurons respond, at threshold (but high) intensities, in phase with BM displacement toward scala tympani. The rates of growth of frequency sensitivity in responses of low‐BF (+18 dB/oct) and high‐BF (+12 dB/oct) neurons are consistent with preferred response phases corresponding to BM SV velocity and ST displacement, respectively. At supra‐threshold levels high‐BF neurons may fire preferentially to both scala tympani displacement and scala vestibuli velocity. These results support the notion that, for high‐intensity, low‐frequency stimuli, OHC hyperpolarization can induce excitation of the dendrites innervating IHCs.
Erratum to: TelEMA: a low-cost and user-friendly telephone assessment platform

In Table 2, the Beta estimate for Trait social anxiety predicting Negative affect should be changed from 5.881 to 0.023, and it’s now nonsignificant (i.e., no double asterisks). Though a more minor correction, the Beta estimate for State social anxiety predicting Depression should be changed from .200 to .198. On the tenth page of the article, under Results, the second sentence should also be changed to: “Trait social anxiety did not significantly predict negative affect (p =.594), positive affect (p =.622), or depression (p =.167) over time.”
The importance of size-frequency relationships for predicting ecological impact of zebra mussel populations

Although most physiological processes of bivalves are highly size-dependent in a non-linear manner, often only total densities of populations of freshwater bivalves such as the zebra mussel are reported rather than size-frequency information. This can cause serious errors when trying to predict or assess the environmental impacts of these filter feeders on planktonic communities or the role of their pseudofeces in transferring materials from the plankton to the benthos. We used a bioenergetics model to examine the effect that differing size-frequency distribution has on influencing total phytoplankton consumption and pseudofeces production. We constructed different size-frequency distributions of 1000 zebra mussels with the same mean length or same mean body mass for comparison. In addition, we used several size-frequency distributions from the published literature. The size-frequency distribution of a population had a tremendous impact on both total consumption and pseudofeces production with rates varying by more than an order of magnitude (43.5 g consumption by 1000 smaller mussels to 654 g for a population dominated by large mussels). These data emphasize the importance of knowing not only population density, but population size structure in order to accurately understand and predict the impacts of zebra mussels, or any filter feeder on pelagic and benthic communities. This work also demonstrates the usefulness of a tool such as our bioenergetics model for partitioning the relative impacts of densities and size on a variety of factors such as consumption and pseudofeces production.
Specific RNA Binding by a Single C2H2Zinc Finger

Zinc finger proteins with high affinity for human immunodeficiency virus Rev responsive element stem loop IIB (RRE-IIB) were previously isolated from a phage display zinc finger library. Zinc fingers from one of these proteins, RR1, were expressed individually and assayed for RRE-IIB affinity. The C-terminal zinc finger retained much of the binding affinity of the two-finger parent and was disrupted by mutations predicted to narrow the RRE-IIB major groove and which disrupt Rev binding. In contrast, the N-terminal zinc finger has a calculated affinity at least 1000-fold lower. Despite the high affinity and specificity of RR1 for RRE-IIB, binding affinity for a 234-nucleotide human immunodeficiency virus Rev responsive element (RRE234) was significantly lower. Therefore, zinc finger proteins that bind specifically to RRE234 were constructed using an in vitro selection and recombination approach. These zinc fingers bound RRE234 with subnanomolar dissociation constants and bound the isolated RRE-IIB stem loop with an affinity 2 orders of magnitude lower but similar to the affinity of an arginine-rich peptide derived from Rev. These data show that single C2H2 zinc fingers can bind RNA specifically and suggest that their binding to stem loop IIB is similar to that of Rev peptide. However, binding to RRE234 is either different from stem loop IIB binding or the tertiary structure of stem loop IIB is changed within the Rev responsive element.
Bounds Existing on the Time and Frequency Responses of Various Types of Networks

The transient response of fixed, lumped, linear, and stable networks is investigated and many bounds are shown to exist on the.impulse and step responses of various classes of system functions. Conversely, if the impulse response is restricted in certain ways, bounds must then exist on the frequency response. These bounds, which are obtained by manipulating the Fourier transforms, have many practical implications. For instance, the response due to a unit impulse of current on a passive driving point impedance which has a shunting capacity, C, across its input terminals is bounded by ±(1/C) and the rise time for a low pass system of this form must be greater than rC where r equals the value of the impedance under dc conditions. Similar statements may be made for transfer functions satisfying certain mathematical restrictions. As other examples, more severe lower bounds have been found on the settling time for such systems. Also the overshoot or undershoot of the response to a step input of current for an RC driving point impedance cannot be greater than one hundred per cent.
MODIFICATIONS OF JAMES CORRELATION FOR PREDICTING MASS FLUX AND STEAM QUALITY IN GEOTHERMAL WELLS CONTAINING DISSOLVED GASES AND SOLIDS

In geothermal wells, the usual industry practice for rate measurement during simultaneous flow of steam and water is to obtain critical flow of the two-phase mixture by making it flow through a small tube. The mass flow rate is estimated using the James correlation which relates the critical two-phase flow rate with lip pressure and stagnation enthalpy data. The correlation, however, does not account for dissolved solids or gases in the produced fluids. This paper presents extensions of the James correlation for critical flow to account for the presence of dissolved gases (e.g. CO2) and solids (e.g. salts). The effect of dissolved gases is accounted for by subtracting the vapor pressure of the gas from the lip pressure. For brine solutions, it is proposed that brine enthalpy be used for calculating stagnation enthalpy at tip pressure in the James correlation. The modifications proposed show that the estimates for both mass flux and quality are significantly affected by the presence of brine and dissolved ...
Excitation dynamics in the core antenna in the photosystem I reaction center of the chlorophyll d-containing photosynthetic prokaryote acaryochloris marina

Transient absorption difference spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale was used to study the ultrafast excitation dynamics in the photosystem I core antenna in Acaryochloris marina, a newly discovered marine oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote that contains chlorophyll d as its major photopigment. Photosystem I particles were isolated using a detergent treatment of the thylakoid membranes and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Steady-state fluorescence measurements at both room temperature and 77 K as well as ultrafast transient absorbance and fluorescence measurements were carried out on photosystem I. For ultrafast transient absorbance measurements, the sample was excited at 720, 740, and 745 nm with either high or low excitation energy. In each case, after a rapid (subpicosecond) energy transfer, the excitation energy resided on pigments absorbing at 710 nm. A kinetic component of about 40 ps and a nondecaying component on the order of nanoseconds were resolved. The 40-ps component was assigned to the trapping of excitation energy into the reaction center. The trapping time was confirmed by time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The 40-ps trapping time, because of the formation of a charge-separated state in the reaction center, is nearly excitation wavelength-independent. Narrow spectral-band excitations (5-nm fwhm) at 690, 720, 730, and 740 nm were used to excite different pools of the photosystem I core antenna selectively. The initial spectral changes show a strong excitation wavelength dependence. An exceptionally broad, prompt bleaching, spanning from 700 to 740 nm, was induced when excitation was directly into the primary electron donor, P740, suggesting the existence of an excitonic coupling between a group of pigments, most likely the reaction center cofactors. A 2-3-ps energy equilibration process was also observed, similar to that observed in other cyanobacterial photosystem I. No evidence was found for a pool of long-wavelength antenna pigments with energy lower than that of the primary donor P740.
1693 LABOR STIMULATES SURFACTANT SECRETION IN NEWBORN RABBIT LUNG SLICES

We previously reported that labor increased the amount of surfactant phospholipid in newborn rabbit lung lavage but it was unclear if the effect was on synthesis or secretion. We have now examined the effect of labor on secretion in a slice model. Newborn rabbits are injected i.p. with 3H-choline and killed 4 h later. Slices from the blood-free lungs are incubated in buffer for 2.5 h. Initially the lipids secreted are similar to those of lung tissue but after 3 changes of buffer the lipids secreted are very similar to those of lung lavage. We measure the rate of secretion of 3H-phosphatidylcholine (PC) during this period. At 31 days gestation the rate of secretion increased from 198±18 cpm/h/mg tissue protein in 16 litters delivered before labor to 281±21 in 31 litters delivered after oxytocin-induced labor (P<0.02). Spontaneous labor was also stimulatory while oxytocin without labor was not. We attempted to mimic and abolish the effect of labor on PC secretion by incubating the slices with various agents. 10−5M prostaglandin E2 and 10−4M terbutaline stimulated secretion in slices from animals delivered prior to labor by 20% and 33%, respectively. Pilocarpine had no effect. 2×10−4M indomethacin and 10−4M propranolol inhibited secretion in slices from animals delivered after labor by 49% and 42%, respectively. Atropine had no effect. These data show that labor stimulates surfactant secretion and thus may be an important factor in the prevention of RDS. The effect of labor may be mediated, at least in part, by prostaglandins and catecholamines both of which increase during labor and birth. (Supported by HD-11018).
‘Clean’ bombs: Nuclear technology and nuclear strategy in the 1950s

Abstract The idea of ‘clean’ bombs, nuclear weapons with a reduced amount of radioactive fallout resulting from their fission part, has met much ridicule since its public inauguration in 1956. Many scholars have regarded the bombs as a propaganda tool, stopping short of analyzing their role in the transformative phase of US nuclear strategy in the 1950s. This paper reexamines the clean bomb episode through 1958, shedding light upon the dynamic relationship between the development of nuclear weapons technology and the evolution of nuclear strategy from massive retaliation to flexible response. It also discusses the mechanism and momentum of nuclear weapons technology innovation until the US suspended nuclear testing in late 1958.
Calciphylaxis causing necrotizing mastitis: a case report

Calciphylaxis is a rare condition most commonly related to ESRD and hyperparathyroidism. We report a case of necrotizing mastitis caused by calciphylaxis following routine breast biopsy for microcalcifications. Early recognition of the potential for this condition should help in clinical management of patients with calciphylaxis.
Sex differences in fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder

Background: Women are twice as likely as men to develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Abnormal acquisition of conditioned fear has been suggested as a mechanism for the development of PTSD. While some studies of healthy humans suggest that women are either no different or express less conditioned fear responses during conditioning relative to men, differences in the acquisition of conditioned fear between men and women diagnosed with PTSD has not been examined. Methods: Thirty-one participants (18 men; 13 women) with full or subsyndromal PTSD completed a fear conditioning task. Participants were shown computer-generated colored circles that were paired (CSþ) or unpaired (CS� ) with an aversive electrical stimulus and skin conductance levels were assessed throughout the task. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant sex by stimulus interaction during acquisition. Women had greater differential conditioned skin conductance responses (CS þ trials compared to C
Increased incidence of thyroid disease among men with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.

Abstract An association between hypothyroidism and hypogonadism has been described in the syndrome of autoimmune polyglandular failure and in Klinefelter's syndrome. The incidence of thyroid disease among males with hypogonadism was evaluated. Patients were divided into those with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Group I; n=19) and those with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Group II; n=17), according to their serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone. Nine cases of thyroid diseases were encountered in Group I; these included benign and malignant thyroid tumors, hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism due to amiodarone therapy. Only one case of thyroid disease (hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis) was found in Group II (p
Testing structural equation models for twin data using LISREL.

Simple genetic models can be fitted to twin data using software packages such as LISREL (Joreskog and Sorbom, 1986a). After discussion of data preparation and routine checks on possible violation of assumptions of the twin method, we illustrate univariate, bivariate, and multivariate genetic models which can be tested in cross-sectional twin data using LISREL. These include models for cohort or cohabitation effects, genotype x sex interaction, and certain types of genotype x environment interaction and genotype-environment correlation.
Establishing Standards for Teacher Certification Tests

Are teacher certification tests subject to the same concerns as other licensure examinations? How should standards for such examinations be established?
Increased expression of the Zn-finger transcription factor BTEB1 in human endometrial cells is correlated with distinct cell phenotype, gene expression patterns, and proliferative responsiveness to serum and TGF-β1

Basic transcription element binding (BTEB, also designated BTEB1) protein is a member of the Sp-family of GC-box binding transcription factors that exhibit distinct patterns of expression in many cell types and tissues. A role for BTEB1 in the regulation of cell growth and gene transcription has been invoked, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities. The present study examined the functional consequences of high and low BTEB1 expression in the human endometrial carcinoma cell line Hec-1-A, by deriving stable clonal lines that expressed sense (S) and anti-sense (As) rat BTEB1 constructs. Clonal S lines, with BTEB1 mRNA and protein levels higher than in corresponding parent (N) and As lines, displayed enhanced DNA synthesis upon 3[H]-thymidine incorporation, in serum-containing but not in serum-free medium, and increased cell cycle kinetics, concomitant with the induction in expression of the genes for the cell cycle-associated components cyclin D1, PCNA, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21, and Cdk2. Compared to N and As lines, S lines also had diminished ability to grow in multi-layers and exhibited increased mRNA levels for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2. In serum-free medium, S, but not N nor As lines, had enhanced DNA synthesis with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, albeit all lines demonstrated similar responses to insulin-like growth factor-I and to epidermal growth factor, respectively. The higher DNA synthesis in S relative to N and As, lines upon exogenous TGF-beta1 addition, was observed in concert with increased expression of cyclins D1 and E and p21, genes. Moreover, S and As lines had increased mRNA levels for TIMP-1, TIMP-2, PAI-1, and beta-catenin, and diminished SLPI, and to a lesser extent, Cdk4 mRNA levels, with TGF-beta1 treatment. These results suggest that BTEB1 may mediate cell growth, in part, by modulating gene expression levels of distinct cell cycle and growth-associated proteins. The correlation between serum- and TGF-beta1 induction of DNA synthesis with increased BTEB1 expression further suggests that BTEB1 may constitute an important downstream regulatory component of various signaling pathways utilized by serum-associated and other growth factors in endometrial epithelial cells.
Trends in International Trade: Review Article

Introduction, 576. — The Report's incidental remarks on policies of underdeveloped countries, 578. — Stabilization of particular commodity markets, 579. — Agricultural protectionism in the industrial countries, 581. — GATT's statistics, 583. — Producer subsidies, 588. — Measuring degree of agricultural protectionism, 590. — The European "Common Market," 593. — Conclusion, 595.
Genomic convergence and suppression of centrosome hyperamplification in primary p53-/- cells in prolonged culture.

Chromosome instability, a major property of cancer cells, is believed to promote mutations that establish malignant phenotypes. Centrosome hyperamplification and the consequential increase in the frequency of aberrant mitoses are the major causes of chromosome instability in cancer cells that lack the functional p53 tumor suppressor protein. Here, we examined dynamic changes of chromosome and centrosome behaviors during long-term culturing of primary epithelial cells derived from p53-null mice. The heterogeneity in the number of chromosomes per cell in the early to mid passage cell population diminished in late passage cells, giving rise to distinct subpopulations of cells. Concomitantly, centrosome hyperamplification that was observed at a high frequency in early to mid passage cells was suppressed in late passage cells. These results provide an explanation for the frequent observations that some cancer cell lines and tissues that lack functional p53 show normal centrosome behaviors and altered, yet relatively stable, chromosomes. Moreover, our in vitro findings may provide a model for possible genomic convergence in cultured cells. This may be analogous to the genomic convergence model proposed for in vivo tumor progression in which chromosome instability initially imposed during tumorigenesis becomes suppressed when neoplastic cells have acquired chromosome compositions that promise an optimal growth in a given environment.
Educational level and neuropsychological performance in healthy elderly subjects

Performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests was examined in groups of normal 55‐ to 70‐year‐olds who were stratified on the basis of educational level. As has been reported in younger samples, those with more education performed significantly better than less well‐educated groups. These findings were discussed in the context of other studies. A hypothesis was suggested that a higher educational level may relate more to the onset and course of age‐related decline rather than to the ultimate level of such decline.
Has My Patient Achieved Adequate Myocardial Reperfusion

For two decades, the goal of reperfusion has been restoration of normal epicardial blood flow.1–4 It has, however, become increasingly apparent that not all TIMI grade 3 flow is created equally, and attention has shifted downstream to the restoration of normal myocardial perfusion to fully optimize clinical outcomes.3,4 The goal of this Clinician Update is to provide clinicians with a better understanding of myocardial perfusion in terms of its importance, assessment, and treatment in clinical practice. A 59-year-old man presented to the emergency room with 2.5 hours of crushing substernal chest pain. The ECG showed 4 mm of ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V1 through V4, which was consistent with the diagnosis of acute anterior myocardial infarction. Primary angioplasty/stenting of a totally occluded left anterior descending artery was performed 90 minutes after presentation to the emergency room, resulting in restoration of normal Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow. The myocardium, however, appeared pale, which is consistent with TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 0 flow3 (Figure, A). Although improved, the patient’s ST segments remained elevated. Multiple doses of 100 μg of intracoronary adenosine were administered through the central lumen of the balloon catheter, resulting in restoration of TMPG 3 flow (Figure, B). After adenosine administration, the corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC)2 improved from 50 frames to 35 frames. There was >70% resolution of ST-segment elevation, and the patient was free of chest pain. A, Patent left anterior descending artery after stent placement. Note the pallor of the myocardium (TMPG 0). B, Same patient after administration of intracoronary adenosine. Note that the myocardium fills more darkly with contrast agent (TMPG 3). ### Restoration of Normal Epicardial Blood Flow Although rates of TIMI grade 3 flow approaching 100% …