cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Awkward, but Potent, Fit Photographs and Political Narratives of the Tianjin Incidents During the Sino-Japanese Conflict, November 1931

In November 1931, Japanese-hired Chinese 'plainclothesmen' attacked strategic locations in the Chinese portions of Tianjin leading to the eruption of a mini war for most of the month. At the time the Chinese and Japanese sides engaged in a bitter dispute about the basic facts of the events. The use of photographs in the service of these conflicting narratives shows that on the Chinese side coverage emphasised the link between the plainclothesmen and Japan by contrasting Japanese aggression with Chinese victimhood. Photographs in Japanese sources portrayed an enclosed and claustrophobic Japanese concession surrounded by threats from Chinese agitators goaded on by the Nationalist government. In all versions, photographic content and political narrative often fit awkwardly. Captions, juxtaposition and accompanying news stories placed otherwise cryptic photographs in larger political narratives. The ubiquitous use of photographs indicates a belief in their power which derived from both their claim on veracity and their ability to create an emotional conenction with the viewer. As a political tool, the photograph functioned in public mass media where readers hungered for the poignant and sensational. In the end, veracity and emotional charge, political narrative and sensationalist photo, militarism and wartime reporting were all inextricably linked.
Cytoplasmic and sperm nuclear transformations in fertilized ammonia activated sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) eggs

Studies examining cytoplasmic and sperm nuclear transformations in sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) eggs inseminated at different periods after ammonia activation have been caried out at the light- and electron-microscopic levels of observation. Arbaca eggs treated with ammonia-seawater demonstrated chromosome condensation after DNA synthesis and underwent a chromosome cycle similar to that described for Lytechinus [Mazia, 1947]. Cortical granule reaction, fertilization cone formation, and sperm aster development in eggs fertilized at 20 (interphase), 50 (prometaphase), and 180 (interphase) min after ammonia activation were structurally simialr to processes in untreated zygotes. Cyclical changes in the formation of fertilization cones and sperm asters, as reported for eggs fertilized after activation by agents that induce a cortical granule reaction, were not observed. Although sperm nuclear transformations were prolonged (14 vs 18 min), male pronuclei that developed in eggs fertilized 20 min after ammonia activation were morphologically similar to those observed in fertilized, untreated ova and incorporated 3H-thymidine. Sperm incorporated into eggs at 50 min after ammonia activation underwent nuclear envelope breakdown and chromatin despersion; however, 3H-thymidine incorporation was not observed, and male pronuclei rarely developed (less than 5% of all specimens examined). Subsequent to dispersion, the paternal chromatin condensed into chromosomes which were associated with an aster. These results demonstrate that although ammonia-activated eggs inseminated at interphase or prometaphase undergo similar cytoplasmic alterations, sperm nuclear transformations vary with the chromosome cycle of the egg.
Hippocampal MR imaging morphometry by means of general pattern matching.

PURPOSE: To determine the repeatability and validity of a pattern-matching method for the segmentation and measurement of hippocampi on magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparable two-dimensional MR images obtained in 18 subjects (nine healthy control subjects [six men, three women; aged 24-54 years] and nine patients with schizophrenia [six men, three women; aged 22-61 years]) were twice segmented manually and twice segmented by using pattern matching with digital atlas transformation. The atlas transformation was accomplished in two steps: global followed by local matching. Global matching was performed with use of landmarks; local matching was performed with use of a viscous fluid model. RESULTS: The mean percentage of difference between two atlas-based measurements was 1.33% +/- 1.23 (+/- standard deviation); that between two manual measurements was 4.67% +/- 4.71. The validity of the atlas transformation measurements was demonstrated by means of the high correlation (intraclass ...
Transmit Diversity Based Interference Cancellation

In this paper, we describe a transmit diversity technique for canceling partially-known interference. For a single interferer in a flat fading channel, the desired user transmitter transmits conjugated and time-reversed interferer symbols in two successive symbol periods (or subcarriers) along with one desired user symbol. The interferer symbols are scaled to have the same received power as that received from the interfering transmitter. This causes the received interference channel matrix (over the two symbol periods) to be singular, allowing interference cancellation by means of a linear filter. Transmit diversity based interference cancellation (TDIC) can, thus, be viewed as the opposite of the Alamouti code which maximizes the determinant of the received signal channel matrix. We derive interference canceling and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers for TDIC transmission and obtain their capacity expressions. Numerical results indicate large gains over spatial reuse transmission at low signal-to-interference ratios.
Interposition arthroplasty with an Achilles tendon allograft as a salvage procedure for the elbow.

Background: Interposition arthroplasty is often considered to be a salvage option for the treatment of severe elbow arthritis when conservative treatment has failed and total joint replacement is contraindicated. The present retrospective study summarizes the results of a specific interposition arthroplasty technique for the treatment of inflammatory and posttraumatic arthritis of the elbow. Methods: Between 1996 and 2003, sixty-nine elbows were treated with interposition arthroplasty with an Achilles tendon allograft. Forty-five elbows, including eleven with inflammatory arthritis and thirty-four with posttraumatic arthritis, met our inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was thirty-nine years. The mean duration of clinical follow-up was 6.0 years. Seven patients subsequently underwent revision surgery and were excluded from the analysis. For the thirty-eight remaining patients with surviving allografts, the current Mayo Elbow Performance Score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were obtained and the most recent clinical outcomes and radiographs were reviewed. Results: In the group of thirty-eight patients with surviving allografts, the mean flexion-extension arc improved from 51° preoperatively to 97° postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score improved from 41 points preoperatively to 65 points postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Thirteen patients had a good or excellent result, fourteen had a fair result, and eleven had a poor result; the remaining seven had a revision. On the basis of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, twelve patients rated the elbow as somewhat better and nineteen rated the elbow as much better following the interposition procedure. Despite efforts to reconstruct the collateral ligaments, preoperative instability on physical examination (found in eleven patients) was associated with low Mayo Elbow Performance Scores (p = 0.03) and high Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores (p = 0.006). Four of five patients undergoing reconstruction of both collateral ligaments had a net decrease in the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Conclusions: We consider interposition elbow arthroplasty to be a salvage procedure as it neither completely eliminates pain nor restores full function. It may be indicated for young active patients with severe inflammatory or posttraumatic arthritis, especially those with limited elbow motion. Furthermore, we do not recommend this procedure when patients present with preoperative instability on physical examination. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ordered Nanoporous Poly(cyclohexylethylene)

Nanoporous poly(cyclohexylethylene) (PCHE) monoliths were prepared from ordered poly(cyclohexylethylene)−polylactide (PCHE−PLA) diblock copolymers. The copolymers were prepared by first the catalytic hydrogenation of hydroxyl end-functionalized polystyrene (PSOH) giving hydroxyl end-functionalized PCHEOH. The hydroxyl functionality was utilized to form a metal alkoxide macroinitiator which catalyzed the polymerization of d,l-lactide. The resultant PCHE−PLA block copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological analysis. The Flory−Huggins interaction parameter, χ (estimated from rheological, SAXS, and solubility parameter data), was approximated to be 3 times that of the corresponding PS−PLA material. PCHE−PLA block copolymers containing PLA cylinders were degraded under basic conditions to remove the PLA. The resulting nanoporous monoliths showed increased thermal stability by SAXS and DSC and improved solvent resistance over na...
A comparison of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) with direct measurements of insulin resistance in pregnancy with and without gestational diabetes (GDM)

MEASUREMENTS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PREGNANCY WITH AND WITHOUT GESTATIONAL DIABETES (GDM) MARTIN MONTORO, SIRI KJOS, ANNY XIANG, THOMAS A. BUCHANAN, University of Southern California, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Dept. of OB/GYN, Los Angeles, California, HarborUCLA Med. Ctr., Dept. of OB/GYN (LA BioMed), Torrance, California, University of Southern California, Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California OBJECTIVE: To correlate third trimester HOMA [fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) ! fasting serum insulin (uU/mL)]/22.5 with insulin resistance and b-cell function in control and GDM women. STUDY DESIGN: 150 GDM and 25 non-diabetic women underwent (a) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), (b) intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with minimal model analysis and (c) euglycemic clamps with measures of basal and steady state glucose turnover. Exclusion criteria included history of hypertension, previous insulin use and positive anti-pancreatic islet cell antibodies. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate relationships between HOMA (dependent variable) and four direct measures of insulin sensitivity: (a) MINIMOD SI, (b) clamps steady state (SS) glucose requirements (GINF), (c) clamp ratio of SS/GINF: SS plasma insulin (GINF: ins), and (d) clamp SS glucose clearance rate. RESULTS: During pregnancy, the HOMA calculations were significantly but weakly correlated with MINIMOD SI (R = 0.34, R 2 = 0.12); clamp GINF (R = 0.454, R =0.21), clamp SS GINF: insulin (R = 0.377, R = 0.142) and clamp SS glucose clearance (R = 0.404, R = 0.163). Raw data demonstrate non-linear relationship between HOMA and direct measures of insulin sensitivity in pregnant women. CONCLUSION: The HOMA, an empirical calculation based on fasting insulin has a non-linear relationship to insulin sensitivity. During pregnancy the range of insulin sensitivity is truncated compared to non-pregnant individuals thus limiting the applicability of HOMA as a measure of insulin sensitivity in pregnancy.
Inhibitory signaling by CB1 receptors in smooth muscle mediated by GRK5/β-arrestin activation of ERK1/2 and Src kinase

We examined whether CB1 receptors in smooth muscle conform to the signaling pattern observed with other Gi-coupled receptors that stimulate contraction via two Gβγ-dependent pathways (PLC-β3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/integrin-linked kinase). Here we show that the anticipated Gβγ-dependent signaling was abrogated. Except for inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via Gαi, signaling resulted from Gβγ-independent phosphorylation of CB1 receptors by GRK5, recruitment of β-arrestin1/2, and activation of ERK1/2 and Src kinase. Neither uncoupling of CB1 receptors from Gi by pertussis toxin (PTx) or Gi minigene nor expression of a Gβγ-scavenging peptide had any effect on ERK1/2 activity. The latter was abolished in muscle cells expressing β-arrestin1/2 siRNA. CB1 receptor internalization and both ERK1/2 and Src kinase activities were abolished in cells expressing kinase-deficient GRK5(K215R). Activation of ERK1/2 and Src kinase endowed CB1 receptors with the ability to inhibit concurrent contractile activity. We identified a consensus sequence (102KSPSKLSP109) for phosphorylation of RGS4 by ERK1/2 and showed that expression of a RGS4 mutant lacking Ser103/Ser108 blocked the ability of anandamide to inhibit acetylcholine-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis or enhance Gαq:RGS4 association and inactivation of Gαq. Activation of Src kinase by anandamide enhanced both myosin phosphatase RhoA-interacting protein (M-RIP):RhoA and M-RIP:MYPT1 association and inhibited Rho kinase activity, leading to increase of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase activity and inhibition of sustained muscle contraction. Thus, unlike other Gi-coupled receptors in smooth muscle, CB1 receptors did not engage Gβγ but signaled via GRK5/β-arrestin activation of ERK1/2 and Src kinase: ERK1/2 accelerated inactivation of Gαq by RGS4, and Src kinase enhanced MLC phosphatase activity, leading to inhibition of ACh-stimulated contraction.
Restrictive interatrial communication in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Abstract Restriction to systemic blood flow at the atrial level in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) may play a role in the early development of congestive heart failure in some patients. Over a 4-year period, 21 patients with TAPVC without extracardiac obstruction presented from 1 day to 10 months of age (mean 2.6 months). Of 21 patients, 17 (81%) presented after 1 month of age with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. In the first week after birth 4 patients presented with minimal symptoms of congestive heart failure. A small patent foramen ovale (3 mm or less in diameter) was found in 19 of 21 patients (90%) by 2-dimensional echocardiography or angiography. Balloon or blade and balloon atrial septostomy was performed in these 19 patients and resulted in significant decreases in mean right to left atrial pressure gradient (from 2.8 to 0.25 mm Hg, p
Who benefits from school-based management in Mexico?

Fernando Reimers (United States) Ford Foundation Professor of International Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, where he directs the International Education Policy Programme and the Office of Global Education. His research focuses on the impact of education policy on the quality and relevance of education, the improvement of educational opportunities for low income children and democratic citizenship education. E-mail: Fernando_Reimers@harvard.edu
Use of SPME-HS-GC-MS for the analysis of herbal products containing synthetic cannabinoids.

The increasing prevalence and use of herbal mixtures containing synthetic cannabinoids presents a growing public health concern and legal challenge for society. In contrast to the plant-derived cannabinoids in medical marijuana and other cannabinoid-based therapeutics, the commonly encountered synthetic cannabinoids in these mendaciously labeled products constitute a structurally diverse set of compounds of relatively unknown pharmacology and toxicology. Indeed, the use of these substances has been associated with an alarming number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Moreover, there are already several hundred known cannabinoid agonist compounds that could potentially be used for illicit purposes, posing an additional challenge for public health professionals and law enforcement efforts, which often require the detection and identification of the active ingredients for effective treatment or prosecution. A solid-phase microextraction headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method is shown here to allow for rapid and reliable detection and structural identification of many of the synthetic cannabinoid compounds that are currently or could potentially be used in herbal smoking mixtures. This approach provides accelerated analysis and results that distinguish between structural analogs within several classes of cannabinoid compounds, including positional isomers. The analytical results confirm the continued manufacture and distribution of herbal materials with synthetic cannabinoids and provide insight into the manipulation of these products to avoid legal constraints and prosecution.
Opacity Pulse Propagation Measurement and Thermometry in the Evaluation of Carotid Occlusive Vascular Disease: Correlations With Angiography

A correlative study of four-vessel angiography with measurements of opacity pulse propagation times and skin temperatures over the medial supraorbital areas of the forehead was carried out in 46 patients. Differences in propagation times of greater than 12 milliseconds and/or in thermometric measurements of 1 °F or more were always associated with angiographically demonstrable carotid occlusive disease. In patients with positive angiographical findings, prolongation of pulse propagation time was associated with lower skin temperature when the latter occurred. Test results indicated abnormality in six of seven patients with bilateral carotid occlusive disease. By these methods, unilateral occlusive lesions of 30% to 50% of the vascular lumen were detected in three of five instances where such lesions occurred; occlusive lesions greater than this degree were detected in 15 of 18 patients. The tests identified as "normal" 18 of 23 patients whose four-vessel angiograms were either totally unremarkable or showed lesions compromising less than 30% of the carotid lumen. Combination of these screening tests is more useful than either test employed alone and may be helpful in clinical evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Interaction of pepsin and proteins.

Abstract 1. 1. Egg albumin, bovine albumin, and gelatin give precipitates with pepsin at a pH near 4.0. 2. 2. The complex of bovine serum albumin and pepsin consists of equimolar amounts of each component at molar ratios of albumin/pepsin up to unity. In excess albumin, the amount of albumin in the complex increases. 3. 3. It is suggested that a mixture of protein and pepsin consists of a mixture of complexes of the form A x P y where x ≠ y and x = y .
A Possible Dusty Microplasma Source of Mid-Infrared Radiation

Microplasmas have been discussed as novel sources of photons in the ultraviolet to infrared (IR). Recently, the addition of dust to a microplasma has been discussed in various contexts. In this paper, we theoretically investigate thermal radiation from heated dust in microplasmas to explore dusty microplasmas as possible sources of mid-IR (MIR) radiation. We consider grains that are selective absorbers (and, thus, selective emitters) in the MIR. Heating of the dust by impinging plasma and cooling of the dust by conduction and thermal radiation are studied for a range of plasma parameters and dust sizes. Possible applications of such sources may include spectroscopy since many gases absorb strongly in the MIR.
Continuous Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition of High-Density Carbon Multiwall Nanotubes

Hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) has been adapted to be a continuous growth process for high-density carbon multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs). MWNT growth is optimized in 1:5 CH4:Ar at 150 Torr with reactor temperatures of 400 and 550 °C for static and flowing gases, respectively. Ferrocene is employed to provide a gas-phase catalyst. Highly graphitic nanotubes can be continuously deposited with iron content as low as 15 wt % and carbon impurities below thermal gravimetric analysis detection limits. The MWNTs are simply purified to 99.5 wt % with minimal structural damage and with a 75 wt % yield. Carbon multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs) are promising for multiple applications including strong composite materials, field emission displays, and adsorbents for gas separation or storage. A continuous low-cost production method for easily purified MWNTs is therefore desired. MWNTs were discovered while vaporizing carbon in an electric arc 1 and were then produced at higher yield by increasing the pressure of the helium gas atmosphere. 2 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques employing benzene pyrolosis, 3 and the decomposition of ethylene 4 and acetylene 5 on supported metal catalysts were also demonstrated as viable large-scale production methods. Recently, MWNTs have been grown on supported metal particles or films via CVD, 6-10 plasma enhanced CVD, 11-21 hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD), 22,23 and plasma enhanced HWCVD methods. 24,25
Chronic hypoxia differentially increases glutathione content and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase expression in fetal guinea pig organs

Abstract Objective: Glutathione is a natural antioxidant in the fetus and adult. We sought to determine whether maternal hypoxia alters glutathione levels in fetal organs as an adaptive response to the reduced oxygenation. Study design: Timed pregnant guinea pigs were housed in either a Plexiglas chamber containing 10.5% O 2 from 46 to 60 days gestation (HPX, n = 6) or in room air, as the normoxic control (NMX, n = 5). Pregnant guinea pigs were anesthetized at near term (∼ 60 days, term = 65 days) and liver, lung and kidney were excised from anesthetized fetuses and stored frozen (− 80 °C) prior to sample processing. Using the hypoxia marker, pimonidazole, we measured a hypoxia-induced increase in stained cells of fetal liver compared to no change in either the lung or kidney. To measure the effect of hypoxia among different organs, total glutathione (GSH) content and protein levels of γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) were measured from the same organs. Results: Maternal hypoxia increased ( P P Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the fetal response to maternal hypoxia may be organ specific. The increase in fetal liver glutathione via upregulation of γ-GCS may be an important adaptive response to prolonged hypoxic stress.
Experimental demonstration of quantum ellipsometry

We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of entangled-photon quantum ellipsometry using semiconductor samples.
Speech-Language and Educational Consequences of Unilateral Hearing Loss in Children

Background In the past, unilateral hearing loss (UHL) in children was thought to have little consequence because speech and language presumably developed appropriately with one normal-hearing ear. Some studies from the 1980s and 1990s have suggested that a significantly increased proportion of children with UHL may have educational and/or behavioral problems, compared with their normal-hearing peers. Limited data exist about the effect of UHL on acquisition of speech and language skills. Objective To review the current literature about the impact UHL has on the development of speech and language and educational achievement. Data Source MEDLINE search between 1966 and June 1, 2003, using the medical subject heading "hearing loss," combined with the textword "unilateral." Study Selection Studies were limited to those written in English, reporting speech-language and/or educational results in children. Data Extraction Articles were read with attention to study design, population, recruitment of subjects, and outcomes measured. Data Synthesis Problems in school included a 22% to 35% rate of repeating at least one grade, and 12% to 41% receiving additional educational assistance. Speech and language delays have been reported in some but not all studies. Conclusions School-age children with UHL appear to have increased rates of grade failures, need for additional educational assistance, and perceived behavioral issues in the classroom. Speech and language delays may occur in some children with UHL, but it is unclear if children "catch up" as they grow older. Research into this area is necessary to clarify these issues and to determine whether interventions may prevent potential problems.
Kawasaki-like disease (KLD) in an adult with congenital HIV infection

Abstract Background Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects young children and is rarely seen in adults. In the recent years, there have been a few cases in the literature reporting similar clinical picture in adults, especially in those with concurrent HIV, which lead us to present our findings and explore the illness further. Case report A 20-year-old African American female with congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, presented to the ER with complaints of chronic fatigue, fever ( T max 103 °F), arthralgia and sore throat since 2–3 weeks. She also had generalized pain, swelling and erythema of both hands and feet as well as conjunctival erythema with watery discharge since the same duration. An extensive infectious disease and rheumatologic work up in the hospital was negative. She had two prior admissions for similar complaints in less than a year with minimal response to NSAID and prednisone. The patient was started on a 5-day course of IV Immunoglobulin and Aspirin for suspected Kawasaki-like disease (KLD). She responded well and her symptoms resolved in a few days, strengthening our diagnosis. Conclusion It is a challenging task to diagnose Kawasaki-like disease in HIV infected adults due to a high likelihood of opportunistic infections or possible hypersensitivity to any one of the plethora of prescribed medications. A high suspicion of KLD is advised in HIV infected adults with severe immunosuppression and unexplained fever lasting > 5 days to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
A Comparison between Chocolate Milk and a Raw Milk Honey Solution’s Influence on Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness

This investigation sought to examine the effect that a chocolate milk solution (CMS) and a raw milk solution (RMS) had on lower extremity induced delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). Twenty trained male participants completed a set of questionnaires, prior to completing a lower extremity DOMS protocol, to determine the level of discomfort and functional limitations. Once the DOMS protocol was completed, participants were randomly assigned to either the CM or RM group. Once assigned, participants ingested 240 mL of the respective solution and completed the same set of questionnaires immediately post, 24-, 48- and 72-h post DOMS protocol. Additionally, for 10 days post-ingestion participants were contacted to learn if any negative effects were experienced as a result of ingesting either solution. Both groups reported an increase in lower extremity discomfort at each data collection interval post-DOMS protocol (post, 24-, 48- and 72-h). Participants assigned to the RM group reported high discomfort post and a relative decline in discomfort from immediately post-DOMS protocol to 72-h post. The RMS group reported substantially less discomfort at 72-h when compared to the CMS group. Ingestion of a raw milk solution immediately post strength exercise can substantially reduce the level of self-reported discomfort associated with DOMS.
Comprehensive NMR Studies of the Structures and Properties of PEI Polymers

In this research, a suite of multinuclear and multidimensional NMR experiments such as 1D 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR and 2D homonuclear 1H–1H COSY, 2D heteronuclear 1H{13C} HMQC, HMBC, HMQC-TOCSY, and 2D...
Educational paper: the effect of cancer therapy on fertility, the assessment of fertility and fertility preservation options for pediatric patients.

Over the past several decades, pediatric oncologists have seen the growth in the number of patients surviving their cancer. This is in large part due to the use of multimodal therapy including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. As the number of survivors of pediatric cancer continues to grow, however, we need to begin to focus on improving the quality of the lives that are being saved. Unfortunately, many regimens used today to cure pediatric cancer patients are gonadotoxic. Therefore, many of our survivors must contend with infertility. It is critical that pediatric oncologists consider the likelihood of gonadotoxicity prior to beginning therapy in this patient population in order to counsel patients and their families properly in order to potentially offer fertility preservation options. Conclusion: Infertility is a critical quality of life issue for pediatric cancer survivors and their families. Fertility preservation techniques need to continue to be studied and developed in order to lessen the likelihood that future cancer survivors will be infertile. This review outlines the risk for infertility, provides an assessment of the survivors reproductive functioning, and summarizes the currently available methods of preserving fertility in pediatric cancer survivors.
Endovascular management of pseudoaneurysm formation in the ascending aorta following lung transplantation.

PurposeTo demonstrate the role of endovascular approaches to the ascending aorta in the post-transplant context.Case ReportsThree patients (2 women and 1 man aged 52, 68, and 43 years, respectively...
The Radical Flank Effect and Cross-occupational Collaboration for Technology Development during a Power Shift:

This 12-month ethnographic study of an early entrant into the U.S. car-sharing industry demonstrates that when an organization shifts its focus from developing radical new technology to incrementally improving this technology, the shift may spark an internal power struggle between the dominant engineering group and a challenger occupational group such as the marketing group. Analyzing 42 projects in two time periods that required collaboration between engineering and marketing during such a shift, we show how cross-occupational collaboration under these conditions can be facilitated by a radical flank threat, through which the bargaining power of moderates is strengthened by the presence of a more-radical group. In the face of a strong threat by radical members of a challenger occupational group, moderate members of the dominant engineering group may change their perceptions of their power to resist challengers’ demands and begin to distinguish between the goals of radical versus more-moderate challengers...
Signal pathway associated with hair cell death in the aging rat cochleae

Objective To examine the expression of apoptosis-related factors caspases-3,caspases-8 and caspases-9 in the basilar membrane of the cochlea and investigate the cellular signal pathways associated with age-related hair cell death in the cochlea.Methods Twenty-seven Fischer 344 rats were used in this study,including 12 young(3-4 months old) and 15 aging(20-27 months old) animals.Auditory brainstem response(ABR) thresholds were determined with tone bursts at 5,10,20 and 40 kHz.Upon completion of the auditory test,cochleae were perfused with approximately 30 l of a freshly prepared solution containing caspase-3,-8 or-9 using a micro-syringe(8 cochleae each in young animals and 10 cochleae each in aging animals).One hour after perfusion,animals were sacrificed and cochleae harvested.The organs of Corti were double stained with propidium iodide(PI),a DNA intercalating fluorescent probe used to visualize the morphologic viability of hair cell nuclei.Specimens were examined under a fluorescence microscope for activities of caspase-3,-8 and-9.Results Aging rats exhibited a significant elevation of ABR thresholds at all tested frequencies(P 0.05).Cochleae from young rats showed no green fluorescence for any of the three caspases in the organs of Corti.Strong caspase-3 and-9 fluorescence was seen in outer hair cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei,a assign of apoptosis,without signs of caspase-8 fluorescence,whereas no fluorescence was seen for any of the three caspases in swollen outer hair cell nuclei,a sign of necrosis.Conclusion The results of the study indicate that caspase-9 is involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in outer hair cells in the aging cochlea.In contrast,caspase-8 activity was not significantly affected by age.
Optimization and Operation of Flux Regulating System for Lime Mortar

The new cascading-ratio control strategy used in regulating system for lime mortar in limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization of 300 MW units is introduced.By ratio calculation,sulphur content in flue gas is transformed into calcium content needed for desulphurization.pH value of main regulator is retained,and influence of disturbance of flue gas content and flux of lime mortar is eliminated from subloop to keep the ratio unchanged.The operation result shows that the adoption of the control strategy can overcome severe nonlinearity and polytropy in controlling pH of absorber;when there are great changes in varying load of units,sulphur content in coals and flue gas flux,the system can still be in control.The application in FGD systems shows that the system is considerably robust,fast to control and high in regulation `precision.
Application of Driving Adaptation Index of the Automobile Drivers

[Objective]To explore the feasibility of the application of driving adaptation index in choosing the high-speed locomotive steward and the accident identification tendency steward and guarantee the safety of railroad transportation.[Methods] 2502 male locomen of Kunming railroad bureau were chosen as the study objects;driving adaptation index detector was applied to conduct!5 index tests,namely,speed estimation,false reaction judgment,night acuity,dynamic acuity and depth perception;statistical software was used to analyze the 5 index based on the influential factor of age;the 5 index was used as the criteria of choosing the high-speed locomotive steward and the accident identification tendency steward.[Results]The difference was significant in the 5 index between different ages(P0.01);the criteria for the high-speed locomotive steward was set up as below: the estimated speed was P25～P75,dynamic acuity was above P75,night acuity,reaction judgment and depth perception were all below P50;the recommended standard for the accident identification tendency steward were as below: the estimated speed was above P90 or below P10,dynamic acuity was less than P25;night acuity,reaction judgment and depth perception were all above P75.[Conclusion] Age difference was found in the 5 detection index of driving adaptation in choosing high-speed locomotive steward;the 5 index can be used to establish recommended criteria for choosing accident identification tendency steward.
Effect of Harvest Date on Yield,Eating Quality Properties and RVA Viscosity Characters of Rice Jinchuan No.1

Based on the experiment on rice "Jinchuan No.1" with different harvest dates, the effects of harvest date on rice yield, quality, RVA characters and palatability value of cooked rice were studied.The results showed that yield, head milled rice rate, chalkiness rate, protein content, breakdown, setback and palatability value were significantly different among seven harvest dates.The yield, milling quality, breakdown, adhesiveness and appearance were higher, whereas chalkiness, protein content, hardness and setback were lower when compared with those of the first harvest date.The eating quality and yield of rice were better when contents of amylose and protein were 15.50%-16.24% and 7.13%-7.87% respectively and the breakdown of RVA was greater than 100RVU.The best eating quality and the highest yield of rice were obtained in the seventh harvest date.
PPAR-α, a lipid-sensing transcription factor, regulates blood-brain barrier efflux transporter expression.

Lipid sensor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) is the master regulator of lipid metabolism. Dietary release of endogenous free fatty acids, fibrates, and certain persistent environmental pollutants, e.g. perfluoroalkyl fire-fighting foam components, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligands. Here, we define a role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in regulating the expression of three ATP-driven drug efflux transporters at the rat and mouse blood–brain barriers: P-glycoprotein (Abcb1), breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/Abcc2). Exposing isolated rat brain capillaries to linoleic acid, clofibrate, or PKAs increased the transport activity and protein expression of the three ABC transporters. These effects were blocked by the PPAR-α antagonist, GW6471. Dosing rats with 20 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of clofibrate decreased the brain accumulation of the P-glycoprotein substrate, verapamil, by 5...
Human chromosomal heteromorphisms in American blacksI. Structural variability of chromosome 3

Q- and C-band heteromorphisms of chromosome 3 (bands p11 and q11) were compared by QFQ and CBG techniques. In some cases a definite relationship was observed while in others no comparable association could be established. Our observations suggest that bands p11 and q11 of chromosome 3 are not necessarily identical by CBG and QFQ technique.
Implementation of memory stacking on logic controller by using 3DIC 300mm backside TSV process integration

Technologies of backside via-last TSV (BTSV) 3DIC 300mm process integration are developed to be applied in industry cooperation and mass production business model view. In this work, a successful BTSV process integration is disclosed and applied on 65nm logic controller/45nm DRAM stacking structure. Key enabling process technologies in BTSV formation and thin wafer handling are discussed. The electrical measurement data and functional logic circuit test show the practicability of BTSV integration.
THE ROLE OF MR IMAGING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ELBOW PROBLEMS

In the past several years, the role of MR imaging in diagnosing pathologic conditions of the elbow has dramatically increased. Aside from imaging soft-tissue tumors, it can accurately visualize partial and complete tears of tendons and ligaments, as well as displacement of epiphyseal fractures in children. Its role in identifying loose bodies, particularly when they are nonosseous, and areas of osteochondritis dissecans has also increased. The use of MR imaging for diagnosing neuropathies, particularly when electrodiagnostic studies are negative, offers exciting possibilities as additional technical improvements are developed.
Curvature of HVPE c-plane grown GaN wafers in the relation to stress gradients caused by inclined threading dislocations

We investigate the bow of free standing (0001) oriented HVPE grown GaN wafers and demonstrate that their curvature is consistent with a compressive to tensile stress gradient (bottom to top) present in the wafers. The origin of the stress gradient and the curvature is attributed to the inclination of edge threading dislocations (TDs) with respect to original [0001] GaN wafer or boule growth direction. A model is proposed and a relation is derived for bulk GaN wafer curvature dependence on the inclination angle and the density of TDs. The model is used to analyze the curvature for commercially available GaN substrates, and is supported by X-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence measurements. The results show a close correlation between the experimentally determined wafer curvature and TD density and those predicted from the theoretical model for varying inclination angles.
What Motivates People to Use Bitcoin

Bitcoin, a virtual currency that employs a novel technology that engenders trust and value in a decentralized peer-to-peer network, has exploded in use since it was first introduced in 2009. Yet, despite this explosive growth, researchers have barely started to investigate who uses Bitcoin, how and why they are used, and what the growth of virtual currency means for society. This paper examines Bitcoin as a currency, software platform, and community. It discusses the background of the virtual currency and presents the results of one of the first exploratory surveys to ask Bitcoin users and nonusers alike their opinions about Bitcoin and how these opinions relate to personal and cultural values. We examine how these views about Bitcoin are informed by attitudes towards money, technology, government, and social structure.
Characterizability in Horn Belief Revision

Delgrande and Peppas characterized Horn belief revision operators obtained from Horn compliant faithful rankings by minimization, showing that a Horn belief revision operator belongs to this class if and only if it satisfies the Horn AGM postulates and the acyclicity postulate scheme. The acyclicity scheme has a postulate for every \(n\ge 3\) expressing the non-existence of a certain cyclic substructure. We show that this class of Horn belief revision operators cannot be characterized by finitely many postulates. Thus the use of infinitely many postulates in the result of Delgrande and Peppas is unavoidable. The proof uses our finite model theoretic approach to characterizability, considering universal monadic second-order logic with quantifiers over closed sets, and using predicates expressing minimality. We also give another non-characterizability result and add some remarks on strict Horn compliance.
Seed source variation in camptothecin concentrations of nursery-grown Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

Seeds from eight geographical sources of Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne were germinated and grown in a completely randomized design in a nursery in northern Louisiana, under common management treatments. Growth and camptothecin (CPT) concentrations were measured. Variations in seed length, stem diameter, stem height, and CPT concentrations were found among the eight seed sources tested. The China-1 and 2 sources were among the highest in leaf, stem, and root CPT concentrations, whereas the Texas source was the lowest. The seeds contained higher CPT concentrations than did their corresponding seedlings in each case. Seeds of China-2 and SC-6 sources had the highest CPT concentrations, whereas those of China-3 had the lowest. Results suggest that there is geographic variation among the seed sources for the measured traits. Additional seed source studies, to better understand the variation available in the species, are necessary to develop high yielding families or clonal lines for future production.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of low energy recoil events in MgO

Abstract Low-energy recoil events in MgO are studied using ab intio molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the dynamic displacement processes and final defect configurations. Threshold displacement energies, Ed, are obtained for Mg and O along three low-index crystallographic directions, [100], [110], and [111]. The minimum values for Ed are found along the [110] direction consisting of the same element, either Mg or O atoms. Minimum threshold values of 29.5 eV for Mg and 25.5 eV for O, respectively, are suggested from the calculations. For other directions, the threshold energies are considerably higher, 65.5 and 150.0 eV for O along [111] and [100], and 122.5 eV for Mg along both [111] and [100] directions, respectively. These results show that the recoil events in MgO are partial-charge transfer assisted processes where the charge transfer plays an important role. There is a similar trend found in other oxide materials, where the threshold displacement energy correlates linearly with the peak partial-charge transfer, suggesting this behavior might be universal in ceramic oxides.
Antigen Level Matching at HLA-C Improves Long-Term Outcomes after Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Matching at HLA-C has been shown to influence outcomes and has been incorporated in selection of unrelated adult donors. In contrast, selection of UCB grafts has historically considered HLA-A and B at antigen and DRB1 at allele level resolution. Recent data in single, myeloablative pediatric UCB transplantation demonstrated that antigen level matching at HLA-C was associated with lower NRM and improved survival in patients receiving better HLA-matched units. Whether or not these same principles apply in the setting of double UCB (dUCB) transplantation has not been addressed. Thus, we retrospectively studied whether HLA-C matching would influence outcomes in 490 patients with hematological malignancies at two centers undergoing myeloablative and reduced intensity dUCB transplantation. We considered the worst HLA-matching of the 2 donor units with 316 (64%) patients receiving at least one 4/6 matched unit and 144 (29%) one or two 5/6 units, and 30 (6%) receiving two 6/6 HLA-matched units. Patients were scored considering the number of HLA-C antigen matches as 0-1 (23%), 2 (40%), 3 (18%), and 4 (19%), of 4 possible matches. The median age was 47 yrs. (range, 2-72), 59% were male, 285 (58%) had acute leukemia, 291 (59%) were CMV seropositive, 319 (66%) received RIC regimen, and 400 (82%) had CsA/MMF immunosuppression. In the overall study population, we observed no significant influence of HLA-C matching on the risk of death, treatment failure, non-relapse death, relapse, GVHD and hematopoietic recovery. However, we recognized an interaction between conventional HLA-matching at A, B, and DRB1 and number of matches at HLA-C in the survival endpoints. Thus, we analyzed two groups based on conventional HLA-matching at A, B and DRB1: those receiving at least one 4/6 HLA-matched unit (4/6 & 4-6/6; n=316) or those receiving ≥ 5-6/6 matched unit (5/6 & 5-6/6; n=174). In the ≥5/6 UCB transplants, there was no significant influence of HLA-C matching on the risk of death, treatment failure, non-relapse death, and relapse. However, in 4/6 & 4-6/6 transplants, better matching at HLA-C was associated with lower risk of death, treatment failure, and non-relapse death (Table), but there remained no association with risk of relapse. These data contrast with those reported with single UCB grafts and suggest that with 4/6 HLA-matched UCB units, additional matching at HLA-C reduces treatment failure and improves survival, and should be included in the match strategy. In better matched (≥5/6) dUCB grafts further matching at HLA-C offers no additional benefit. Disclosures Chen: Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding. Miller: Coronado: Speakers Bureau; BioSciences: Speakers Bureau; Celegene: Speakers Bureau. Antin: Gentium SpA/Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation using 5-azacitadine plus sorafenib.

24 Background: Outcome of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-ITD mutation is poor. Elevated FLT3 ligand levels (FL) secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy is a putative mechanism of resistance to the FLT3 kinase inhibitors. We hypothesized that FL levels will be lower when combining sorafenib with less intensive therapy such as 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza). This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of sorafenib and 5-Aza in patients with refractory or relapsed AML with FLT3-ITD mutation. Methods: Patients were eligible if they had relapsed or refractory AML and were 18 years of age or older. They received 5-Aza 75 mg/m2 IV daily x 7 days and sorafenib 400 mg PO BID continuously; cycles were repeated in approximately one month intervals. Results: 38 patients with AML with a median age of 60 years (range, 24-87) were enrolled. 4 were inevaluable as they never received therapy or discontinued it before response assessment. FLT-3-ITD was detected in...
Measurement of the 4 S 1 / 2 → 6 S 1 / 2 transition frequency in atomic potassium via direct frequency-comb spectroscopy

We present an experimental determination of the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{S}_{1/2}$ transition frequency in atomic potassium $^{39}\mathrm{K}$, using direct frequency-comb spectroscopy. The output of a stabilized optical frequency comb was used to excite a thermal atomic vapor. The repetition rate of the frequency comb was scanned and the transitions were excited using stepwise two-photon excitation. The center-of-gravity frequency for the transition was found to be ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{cog}}=822\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}951\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}698.09(13)$ MHz and the measured hyperfine $A$ coefficient of the $6{S}_{1/2}$ state was $21.93(11)$ MHz. The measurements are in agreement with previous values and represent an improvement by a factor of 700 in the uncertainty of the center-of-gravity measurement.