cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three theories of self-disclosure exchange.

Abstract The present study tested predictions derived from equitable exchange, social attraction, and normative information theories of self-disclosure. Variables relevant to each theory were manipulated orthogonally in the following factorial design: (1) intimate vs. superficial vs. no confederate disclosure, (2) positive vs. negative evaluation delivered by the confederate, and (3) intimate vs. non-intimate disclosure as normative for the experimental situation. Groups in which the subject was exposed to one of the independent variables in the absence of the others were included, to yield 18 cells with 10 female subjects per cell. The findings conformed to equitable exchange theory, in that subjects were more willing to disclose to a high- than a low-revealing partner. However, disclosure appeared to be suppressed in response to low disclosure, rather than enhanced by intimate disclosure. Also, true reciprocity of disclosure did not occur, in that subjects did not completely match the intimacy of the confederate. Normative information proved to be a potent determinant of disclosure tendency. No support was found for social attraction theory. Although confederate evaluation was the best predictor of interpersonal attraction, it was the poorest predictor of intent to disclose. Attraction was not found to parallel disclosure level.
Bidirectional modulation of basal forebrain N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function differentially affects visual attention but not visual discrimination performance

Abstract Basal forebrain neuronal circuits, specifically the corticopetal cholinergic system, mediate attentional abilities. The effects of infusions of N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist dl -2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) into the basal forebrain were assessed in rats trained in an operant task designed to generate measures of sustained attention performance. Control animals were trained in a cued visual discrimination task devoid of explicit demands on attentional performance, but involving similar basic operant components as the sustained attention task. The effects of intrabasalis infusions of NMDA (1, 3 and 6 nmol) and APV (3, 10 and 20 nmol) were tested in separate groups of animals. Infusion of neither drug affected the animals’ response accuracy in the cued visual discrimination task, indicating that performance in this task remains insufficient to activate basal forebrain NMDA receptors. Infusions of APV in sustained attention task-performing animals selectively decreased the animals’ ability to detect visual signals, but spared their ability to reject non-signal events. Conversely, infusions of NMDA into the basal forebrain did not affect the animals’ hit rate but increased their number of false alarms, i.e. “claims” for signals in non-signal trials. The concentrations of NMDA infused into the basal forebrain did not result in neurotoxic effects as demonstrated by a separate experiment, which indicated neurodegeneration following the infusion of 30 nmol NMDA as visualized by the Fluoro-Jade method. The effects of APV correspond with the attentional consequences of other manipulations known to impair the functions of cortical cholinergic input. Conversely, the effects of NMDA infusions agree with the hypothesis that overactivity of cortical cholinergic inputs mediates an abnormal overprocessing of the stimulus situation. Basal forebrain NMDA receptor manipulations assist in determining the role of this neuronal system in cognitive processes.
Infrared Spectra of Some Perfluoroalkyl-Substituted Fluoro-s-Triazines

The infrared spectra in the sodium chloride region of the series trifluoro-s-triazine→tris (trifluoromethyl)-s-triazine and trifluoro-s-triazine→tris(perfluoroethyl)-s-triazine have been recorded and normal vibrations were assigned. The transitions of characteristic frequencies are discussed.
Agglutinated tests in post-Sturtian cap carbonates of Namibia and Mongolia

Abstract Paleomagnetic data suggest that the early Cryogenian (Sturtian) glaciation extended to sea level at low latitude. The impact of this dramatic environmental change on biota, and the composition of ecosystems in the immediate aftermath of the Sturtian glaciation remain virtually unknown. Here we report the discovery of abundant agglutinated tests in organic-rich carbonates directly overlying Sturtian glacial deposits from two different paleocontinents: the Rasthof Formation of the Congo craton in northern Namibia and the Tsagaan Oloom Formation of the Dzabkhan terrane in Mongolia. The most abundant tests preserve morphological and compositional characters consistent with those found in at least two different families of modern lobose testate amoebae (Amoebozoa), a group of heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes. The presence of spatially and compositionally variable clay minerals, quartz and microcline on the test walls is a signature of widespread biological agglutination. The post-glacial fossil assemblages differ from the most common pre-Sturtian vase-shaped fossil testate amoebae, perhaps as a result of different preservational mechanisms or of the appearance of new forms after the glaciation. The apparent local abundance of eukaryotic body fossils in the post-Sturtian carbonates suggests that the Cryogenian limestones and dolostones may host a currently unexplored fossil record of modern eukaryotes.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma--observations on 30 new cases.

Thirty new cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are presented, bringing the total of well-documented cases in the literature to only 51. Seventeen of these arose in soft tissues. The ribs and jaws were the most common sites of origin; only five tumors arose in major tubular bones. Females predominated slightly (57%), and more than half of the tumors were found during the second and third decades of life. The histology is characterized by sheets of highly undifferentiated small, oval, or round cells, and by islands of welldifferentiated cartilage. The small cells usually displayed a hemangiopericytoid or an alveolar pattern. Lobulation was common; calcification and metaplastic bone formation in the chondroid islands were frequent. The great variability in the clinical course is reemphasized, survival from the time of diagnosis to death in this series varying from 6 months to 13.5 years. Radical surgery appears to be the treatment of choice.
Structural Control with Multi-Subnet Wireless Sensing Feedback: Experimental Validation of Time-Delayed Decentralized H* Control Design

This study investigates the feasibility of deploying wireless communication and embedded computing for structural control applications. A feedback structural control system involves a network of sensors and control devices. As control devices are becoming smaller, more cost effective and reliable, opportunities are now available to instrument a structure with large number of control devices. However, instrumenting a large scale centralized control system with cables can be time consuming, labor intensive, and difficult to maintain and reconfigure. This study explores decentralized feedback control using wireless sensors incorporated with a computational core and a signal generation module. Decentralized control architectures are designed to make control decisions based on data acquired from sensors located in the vicinity of a control device. Specifically, this paper describes the experimental validation of a time-delayed decentralized structural control strategy that aims to minimize the H∞ norm of a clo...
Functional reconstitution of Ypt7p GTPase and a purified vacuole SNARE complex

Membrane trafficking has heretofore been studied with intact organelles. Here, fusion-competent proteoliposomes were reconstituted from a yeast vacuole detergent extract. Homotypic vacuole fusion requires many membrane proteins, including the Ypt7p guanosine triphosphatase and a “SNARE complex” with Vam3p and Nyv1p. Proteoliposomes from extracts immunodepleted of either Vam3p or Ypt7p could not fuse, but vesicles reconstituted from a mixture of these depleted extracts had restored fusion activity. Purified preassembled vacuolar SNARE complex, when reconstituted with a SNARE-depleted extract, was fully functional for fusion. Thus, solubilized integral membrane components can be reconstituted for priming, docking, and fusion steps of organelle trafficking.
Characterization of very low thermal conductivity thin films

Characterization of thermal transport in nanoscale thin films with very low thermal conductivity (<1 W m−1 K−1) is challenging due to the difficulties in accurately measuring spatial variations in temperature field as well as the heat losses. In this paper, we present a new experimental technique involving freestanding nanofabricated specimens that are anchored at the ends, while the entire chip is heated by a macroscopic heater. The unique aspect of this technique is to remove uncertainty in measurement of convective heat transfer, which can be of the same magnitude as through the specimen in a low conductivity material. Spatial mapping of temperature field as well as the natural convective heat transfer coefficient allows us to calculate the thermal conductivity of the specimen using an energy balance modeling approach. The technique is demonstrated on thermally grown silicon oxide and low dielectric constant carbon-doped oxide films. The thermal conductivity of 400 nm silicon dioxide films was found to be 1.2 W m−1 K−1, and is in good agreement with the literature. Experimental results for 200 nm thin low dielectric constant oxide films demonstrate that the model is also capable of accurately determining the thermal conductivity for materials with values <1 W m−1 K−1.
Colchicine administered into the area of the nucleus basalis decreases cortical nicotinic cholinergic receptors labelled by [3H]-acetylcholine

Abstract Lesions in the nucleus basalis in the rat are known to decrease presynaptic markers for acetylcholine, including levels of cholineacetyltransferase (CHAT), high affinity uptake of choline and levels of acetylcholinesterase. Effects of lesions of the nucleus basalis on populations of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are less well understood. After bilateral injection of the neurotoxic agent, colchicine into the nucleus basalis in the rat, levels of CHAT in the cerebral cortex were reduced 44%. Muscarinic cholinergic ([ 3 H]QNB) and dopaminergic ([ 3 H]spiroperidol) binding was not changed in the cortex, hippocampus or striatum. However, significant decreases in nicotinic binding sites, labelled by ([ 3 H]acetylcholine), were observed in the frontal cortex of nucleus basalis treated animals; scatchard plot analysis indicated a significant decrease in the number, but not affinity, of nicotinic binding sites. Colchicine injected into the nucleus basalis had no effect on the binding of [ 3 H]acetylcholine in the hippocampus, but decreased binding of [ 3 H] acetylcholine in the striatum. Subsequent experiments, in which colchicine was administered into the striatum at a site above the nucleus basalis had no significant effect on nicotinic binding in the striatum or frontal cortex. These results support the hypothesis that degeneration of the nucleus-basalis-cortical cholinergic pathway results in a loss of presynaptic nicotinic binding sites in the cortex as well as in the striatum (through transsynaptic degeneration of the cortico-striatal pathway).
Effect of lipoprotein on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity in rat liver cell culture: special suppressant effect of a lipoprotein isolated from hypercholesterolemic rat plasma.

Abstract A significant advance in cell culture methodology has permitted an analysis of the regulation of liver cell cholesterol metabolism by lipoproteins. The effect of rat lipoproteins on the activity of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, HMG CoA reductase, was studied in monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatic parenchymal cells. Lipoproteins isolated from normocholesterolemic rat plasma, including low density lipoprotein, did not suppress HMG CoA reductase activity. However, enzyme activity was profoundly suppressed by a cholesterol rich d
Parameters, affecting the sensitivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) as a positive lithographic resist

The contribution of parameters such as molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and stereochemistry to electron beam sensitivity of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, has been investigated. The sensitivity is interpreted here as the minimum radiation dose required to obtain a predetermined solubility rate ratio, S/So = SR, of the exposed, S, and unexposed, So, material. The G-value was foam be independent of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and stereochemistry. Data indicate that the weight average molecular weight ratio correlates better with SR than the number average molecular weight ratio. The tacticity of the resist and the developer solvent molecular weight or size have a large effect on solubility rate. Although the solubility rate pf isotactic PMMA is much greater than the syndiotactic and heterotactic stereoforms, the sensitivity appears to be independent of tacticity. In a homologous series of n-alkyl acetate developer solvents, the molecular size of the solvent has a greater effect on the solubility rate than the molecular weight of the resist. A developer solvent has been selected from the n-alkyl acetates which enhanced the sensitivity of PMMA.
Dynamics Modeling to Inform Design Optimization

This paper presents the methods employed in modeling a vibratory conveyor for use in model-based design optimization. The conveyor, essentially a large table whose top oscillates at an angle off of horizontal, uses springs between the drive mechanism and the tabletop to directly apply a sinusoidal excitation. These springs prevent the system from losing response amplitude as load is increased. The manufacturer is having difficulty optimizing performance and reliability in newer designs, and has requested a model-based approach to the design optimization. This study discusses the initial steps taken in modeling the original mechanism design, specifically the dynamic model and experimental determination of the necessary spring constants. The first full iteration of the model starts with low detail and simplified geometry, with a plan to add complexity as needed to improve accuracy. In the initial model, the parallel springs in the tabletop suspension are combined, bypassing the spring mounting geometry, and tested as one large spring. The drive mechanism springs, bars of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), are more meticulously tested in a tensile testing machine. The resulting spring constants are used in the initial model to calculate the sinusoidal response of the tabletop at any given input frequency. The deflection response per time of the tabletop is then measured and compared to the model. Conclusions detail the initial model’s accuracy and Future Work examines how to bring it in closer agreement with the real machine’s sinusoidal response.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Theoretical study of styrene (Methanol)n clusters, n = 1-9. Comparison with methanol clusters

The structures, energetics, and growth pattern of styrene (methanol) n clusters, (SM n ), with n = 2-9 are investigated using a search technique that employs Monte Carlo procedures. A 6-12-1 all-atom potential was developed that accurately reproduces the heat of vaporization, heat capacity, and density of liquid styrene. This potential, in conjunction with the OPLS potential for methanol, yields results strongly correlated with the experimental observations from our R2PI study of the SM n clusters. The progressive addition of methanol molecules to styrene leads to the formation of stable methanol clusters similar to those formed in the absence of styrene, with the exception of the SM 3 cluster where the lowest energy structure incorporates the methanol trimer as a hydrogen-bonded chain, rather than as the more stable cyclic structure of M 3 . For the SM n clusters with n = 4-9, cyclic and branched cyclic methanol structures are found. In the clusters containing 5, 7, and 9 methanol molecules, the methanol subclusters are present on both sides of the plane of the styrene. The nonadditivity and size specificity of observed spectral shifts are explained through the use of a series of compact and expanded structures, with the interaction energy calculated between the styrene and the methanol subcluster (M n ). The results indicate that the spectral shifts correlate with the interaction energies between styrene and M n within the SM n clusters. The modeled cluster structures and simple energetic arguments provide a reasonably compelling picture of the spectral shifts associated with hydrogen bonding interaction among methanol molecules and between styrene and the methanol subclusters.
Heat capacities of solid poly(amino acid)s. II. The remaining polymers

In the first paper heat capacities Cp, of polyglycine, poly(L-alanine), and poly (L-valine) were analyzed using approximate group vibrations and fitting the Cp contributions of the skeletal vibrations to a two-parameter Tarasov function. In this second paper all other poly (amino acid) s are similarly analyzed. Heat capacities were measured by differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range of 230–390 K for poly(L-leucine), poly(L-serine), poly (sodium-L-aspartate), poly(sodium-L-glutamate), poly(L-asparagine), poly(L-phenylalanine), poly(L-tyrosine), poly(L-methionine), poly (L-tryptophane), poly(L-proline), poly(L-lysine · HBr), poly(L-histidine), poly(L-histidine- HCl), and poly(L-arginine · HCl). Good agreement exists between experiment and calculation. Predictions of heat capacities were made for all not-measured poly (amino acid) s. Enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs functions for the solid state have been derived. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Closed Form Control Gains for Zero Assignment in the Time Delayed System

Control of the vibrating structures is desirable in various engineering applications for preventing fatigue and failure. It can be achieved by passive means using dynamic absorbers or by active means using sensors and actuators. In some cases, it is also not practical to apply a desirable control force in those locations at which the dynamics of the structure are to be controlled. In recent years, dynamic absorption schemes are investigated in which control strategies that absorb a steady state motion of a desired location in the structure have been developed. Such a vibration control strategy is termed as zero assignment. Unlike conventional full-state feedback control, which requires all the states of the system to be measured, zero assignment requires least numbers of sensors and actuators (depending on the number of dynamic absorption points) for estimating the control gains and, hence, it may provide economical engineering solution. However, while applying control strategy by active zero assignment, small time delay from the sensors and actuators in the feedback loop is unavoidable and they influence the control gains as well as the stability of the system. In this paper, we have developed vibration control strategy by active zero assignment and obtained closed form control gains for systems with and without time delays by using truncated and full Taylor series expansion. Some examples related to conservative and nonconservative systems as well as realistic distributed parameter systems are presented to demonstrate the active dynamic absorption and the effects of time delay on control gains. The effect of delay in the stability of the controlled system is also summarized.
Creating and Executing an Applied Interdisciplinary Campaign for Domestic Violence Prevention.

This article describes an interdisciplinary, experiential learning project that combined marketing and communications courses at a state university. Two professors from different colleges partnered with a domestic violence center to enable students to create a community-based social marketing campaign. Student assessments indicated success in achieving educational objectives and practical knowledge. The resulting multimedia campaign was well received throughout the state and illustrates opportunities for developing interdisciplinary knowledge and teaching in business and communication studies.
The next challenge for wireless sensor networks: Addressing practical issues

Academic research in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been active for more than a decade. Many algorithms and solutions have been proposed to address several of the challenges this field present. Nevertheless, this technology has not seen the commercialization and the industrial adoption that match the field's research maturity. In this paper, we identify and discuss a new set of practical challenges that are not usually considered in academic research. Addressing these challenges is critical to improving industrial awareness and engagement. The WSNs technology cannot reach its full potential until and unless these challenges have been understood, addressed and resolved.
Mercury concentrations in tidal marsh sparrows and their use as bioindicators in Delaware Bay, USA.

Mercury (Hg) contamination from industrial sources is pervasive throughout North America and is recognized by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a health hazard for wildlife and humans. Avian species are commonly used as bioindicators of Hg because they are sensitive to contaminants in the environment and are relatively easy to sample. However, it is important to select the appropriate avian species to use as a bioindicator, which should be directly related to the project objectives. In this study, we tested the utility of two tidal marsh sparrows, Seaside (Ammodramus maritimus) and Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) sparrows, as bioindicator species of the extent of Hg contamination in tidal marshes along the Delaware Bay. To determine the possibility of using one or both of these species, we estimated sparrow blood Hg burden in five Delaware watersheds. We found no difference in Hg concentrations between species (F1,133 < 0.01, P = 0.99), but Saltmarsh Sparrows had limited sample size from each site and were, therefore, not appropriate for a Delaware Bay-wide Hg indicator. Seaside Sparrows, however, were abundant and relatively easy to sample in the five watersheds. Seaside Sparrow blood Hg levels ranged from 0.15 to 2.12 ppm, differed among drainages, and were greatest in two drainages distant from the Delaware Bay shoreline (F4,95 = 2.51, P = 0.05). Based on a power analysis for Seaside Sparrow blood Hg, we estimated that 16 samples would be necessary to detect differences among sites. Based on these data, we propose that Seaside Sparrows may be used as a tidal marsh Hg bioindicator species given their habitat specificity, relative abundance, widespread distribution in marsh habitats, ease of sampling, and limited variation in blood Hg estimates within a sampling area. In Delaware Bay, Saltmarsh Sparrows may be too rare (making them difficult to sample) to be a viable tidal marsh Hg bioindicator.
Design considerations and validation of the MSTAR absolute metrology system

Absolute metrology measures the actual distance between two optical fiducials. A number of methods have been employed, including pulsed time-of-flight, intensity-modulated optical beam, and two-color interferometry. The rms accuracy is currently limited to ~5 microns. Resolving the integer number of wavelengths requires a 1-sigma range accuracy of ~0.1 microns. Closing this gap has a large pay-off: the range (length measurement) accuracy can be increased substantially using the unambiguous optical phase. The MSTAR sensor (Modulation Sideband Technology for Absolute Ranging) is a new system for measuring absolute distance, capable of resolving the integer cycle ambiguity of standard interferometers, and making it possible to measure distance with sub-nanometer accuracy. In this paper, we present recent experiments that use dispersed white light interferometry to independently validate the zero-point of the system. We also describe progress towards reducing the size of optics, and stabilizing the laser wavelength for operation over larger target ranges. MSTAR is a general-purpose tool for conveniently measuring length with much greater accuracy than was previously possible, and has a wide range of possible applications.
All-Digital Dynamic Self-Detection and Self-Compensation of Static Phase Offsets in Charge-Pump PLLs

A 90nm CMOS charge-pump PLL incorporates an all-digital auxiliary feedback loop that dynamically detects and compensates the static phase offset. The on-chip monitoring of the static phase offset with a preset target value allows for accurate and reliable compensation. A measured static phase offset as large as 600ps is compensated to a plusmn15ps range.
Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa use intercellular signalling to build biofilm communities

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterial species that causes several opportunistic human infections. This organism is also found in the environment, where it is renowned (like other Pseudomonads) for its ability to use a wide variety of compounds as carbon and energy sources. It is a model species for studying group-related behaviour in bacteria. Two types of group behaviour it engages in are intercellular signalling, or quorum sensing, and the formation of surface-associated communities called biofilms. Both quorum sensing and biofilm formation are important in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections. Quorum sensing regulates the expression of several secreted virulence factors and quorum sensing mutant strains are attenuated for virulence in animal models. Biofilms have been implicated in chronic infections. Two examples are the chronic lung infections afflicting people suffering from cystic fibrosis and colonization of indwelling medical devices. This review will discuss quorum sensing and biofilm formation and studies that link these two processes.
13-cis-retinoic acid in silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 13-cis-Retinoic Acid (RA) in Silicone-Fluorosilicone Copolymer Oil (SiFO) in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Rabbits underwent gas-compression vitrectomy. During gas-SiFO exchange, group 1 was injected with 1 ml (10 μg ml−1) 13-cis-RA in SiFO, group 2 with 1.5 ml (9 μg 1.5 ml−1)all-trans-RA in SiFO, group 3 with 1 ml SiFO alone, and group 4 with balanced salt solution (BSS). Groups 1–4 were also injected with 0.1 ml suspension of fibroblasts (75,000 0·1 ml−1) and 0.05 ml platelet rich plasma (70,000 0.1 ml−1), and were observed for 4 weeks. Group 5 was injected with SiFO alone, group 6 with 1 ml (10 μg ml−1) 13-cis-RA in SiFO, group 7 with 1.5 ml (9 μg 1·5 ml−1)all-trans-RA in SiFO, and group 8 with BSS. After 4 weeks, groups 5–7 underwent SiFO-BSS exchange. ERG and histopathology were performed to test for retinal toxicity in groups 5–8. The incidence of traction retinal detachment at 4 weeks was: group 1, 42·9%; group 2, 36·4%; group 3, 87·5%; and group 4, 88·9%. A significant difference in the incidence of PVR was noted between treated eyes (groups 1 and 2) and control eyes (groups 3 and 4) at 2, 3, and 4 weeks (P<0·05). No significant difference in the incidence of PVR was found between groups 1 and 2 during the same observation periods. ERG and histopathological studies showed no differences between the treated and the control fellow eyes (group 5–7) after 4 weeks. 13-cis-RA in SiFO (10 μg ml−1) is as effective asall-trans-RA in SiFO (9 μg 1·5 ml−1) in controlling the incidence of PVR when used for short term retinal tamponade and does not appear to be associated with retinal toxicity.
etop: sensor network application energy profiling on the LEAP2 platform

A broad range of embedded networked sensor (ENS) systems for critical environmental monitoring applications now require complex, high peak power dissipating sensor devices, as well as on-demand high performance computing and high bandwidth communication. Embedded computing demands for these new platforms include support for computationally intensive image and signal processing as well as optimization and statistical computing. To meet these new requirements while maintaining critical support for low energy operation, a new multiprocessor node hardware and software architecture, low power energy aware Processing (LEAP), has been developed. The LEAP architecture integrates fine-grained energy dissipation monitoring and sophisticated power control scheduling for all subsystems including sensor subsystems. The LEAP2 platform is a second generation LEAP system with even higher resolution energy monitoring as well as the unique ability to do per process and per application energy profiling via a dedicated high performance ASIC. Our demonstration will highlight this profiling capability through a custom monitoring application named etop.
Polymer drag reduction in exact coherent structures of plane shear flow

Recently discovered traveling-wave solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in plane shear geometries provide model flows for the study of turbulent drag reduction by polymer additives. These solutions, or “exact coherent states” (ECS), qualitatively capture the dominant structure of the near-wall buffer region of shear turbulence, i.e., counter-rotating pairs of streamwise-aligned vortices flanking a low-speed streak in the streamwise velocity. The optimum length scales for the ECS match well the length scales of the turbulent coherent structures and evidence suggests that the ECS underlie the dynamics of these structures. We study here the effect of viscoelasticity on these states. The changes to the velocity field for the viscoelastic ECS, where the FENE-P model calculates the polymer stress, mirror the modifications seen in experiments of fully turbulent flows of polymer solutions at low to moderate levels of drag reduction: drag is reduced, streamwise velocity fluctuations increase while wall-normal fluctuations decrease, and smaller wavelength structures are suppressed. These modifications to the ECS are due to the suppression of the streamwise vortices. The polymer molecules become highly stretched in the wavy, streamwise streaks, where the flow is predominately elongational, then relax as they move from the streaks into and around the streamwise vortices, where the flow is predominately rotational. This relaxation of the polymer molecules produces a force that directly opposes the fluid motion in the vortices, weakening them. Since the pressure fluctuations have their greatest magnitude (i.e., they are most negative) in the cores of the vortices, a reduction in vortex strength leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the pressure fluctuations. The pressure fluctuations redistribute energy from the streamwise velocity fluctuations to the Reynolds shear stress, so a decrease in their magnitude leads to a reduction in turbulent drag. For the viscoelastic ECS, we also find that after the onset of drag reduction (at Weissenberg number, We≈7) there is a dramatic increase in the critical wall-normal length scale at which the ECS can exist. This sharp increase in length scale mirrors experimental observations and is also consistent with the observed shift to higher Reynolds numbers of the transition to turbulence in polymer solutions.
Heresy about the social work clinical doctorate

First I want to congratulate Dr. Lipusch and Dr. Shelby for their achievement. Everyone who helped make their accomplishment possible; family, faculty and those who support the Institute has reason to be proud of their contribution to this day. Your celebration marks an important advance for social work practice in our community because it adds to our profession's ability to serve those who turn to social work for help. Such a happy occasion probably would be better celebrated with song, and wine, but academic tradition requires that you hear something serious, perhaps uplifting, but hopefully brief. So please be patient while I talk about the role of advanced clinical social work education outside of the usual university setting. I do this not because the Institute needs to justify its role in society but because many social work educators are adamantly opposed to such a development. I would prefer they accepted my somewhat heretical approach to advanced clinical education. Heresy is my theme because a friend told me that a program similar to the Institute's was planned for Washington and asked my opinion about it. My friend asked a question. Many educators would react with downright hostility to such an idea. They have a right to be concerned about standards, especially in the light of NASW's abortive excursion into doctoral education with the Union Graduate School. However, we ought not arbitrarily dismiss the idea of free standing programs that are dedicated to promoting clinical education. Like its university counterparts the Institute seeks to expand the intellectual frontiers of the profession. Unlike many of them, even those that purport to be clinically oriented, the Institute seeks to expand the practice frontier by emphasizing the clinical preparation that is at the
7.6.3 Role of Emerging Technologies in Facilitating Integration of ATM Operations: A Look at One Example: XML & Its Related Technologies

The authors present the business case for using the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and its related technologies (Document Type Definitions, Extensible Stylesheet Language, XML Schemas, and XQuery to name just a few) in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) initiatives that involve fielding air traffic management (ATM) operational systems which will (or may) need to share information with other ATM operational systems. The growing use of these technologies in a wide variety of aviation related applications, several of which are noted in this paper, as well as the growth in the range, robustness, and availability of the technologies themselves lead the authors to recommend that FAA give explicit consideration to using XML to facilitate fielding interoperable ATM applications.
Neuroradiology Fellowship Match: Year 4 Applicants’ Perceptions

Background and Purpose The selection of neuroradiology fellows who will start on July 1, 2005, marked the fourth year in which program directors in neuroradiology used the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) as the selection modality. The aim of this study was to investigate fellowship candidates’ views regarding the match process. Methods A Web survey was distributed electronically to all candidates applying for neuroradiology fellowship positions offered for the July 1, 2005, start date, with questions about the match. One hundred thirteen neuroradiology fellowship candidates responded to the survey, representing 73.9% of the surveyed fellowship pool. Candidates were also allowed to enter their comments regarding the match process via the Web survey. Results Of the 113 neuroradiology fellowship candidates responding, 75.7% felt that the NRMP system was fair, 86.0% were satisfied with the outcome, 88.8% had matched with one of their top three choices, 54.5% recommended continuing the neuroradiology fellowship match, and 15.5% stated that they experienced violations of the match rules. The main perceived advantages of the match from the candidates’ perspectives were the ability to see many programs and explore multiple options, the perception of fairness, and the efficiency of using the match program. The main disadvantages were the cost of applications and traveling, the number of days required to interview, and the perception that the match program favors internal candidates. Conclusion The majority of fellowship candidates felt that the match system for selection is a fair process and were satisfied with the outcome. However, the perceived disadvantages produced tepid (54.5%) support for the continuation of the match. Program directors in neuroradiology and other radiologic subspecialties should consider the data provided in this article in deciding the future selection process.
Associations of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with aggressivity, attention deficit, and conduct disorder in an adoptee population.

Prior studies of the Iowa Adoption cohorts have demonstrated that the degree of adoptee aggressiveness and conduct disorder has a significant genetic component. Other studies have implicated the neurotransmitter serotonin or polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) as an important source of variability in “externalizing” behaviors such as aggressivity, conduct disorder, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). Following this lead, we genotyped a subgroup of adoptees (n = 87) at high risk for these kinds of disorders with respect to the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5HTTLPR) polymorphism, and used ordinal logistic regression to conduct an association study. Primary analysis failed to detect a main effect between 5HTTLPR status and subscales of aggressivity, conduct disorder, or attention deficit. However, when biologic parent status and sex of proband were considered, certain interactions between 5HTTLPR and other genetic risk factors were evident. One type of interaction with the LL variant of 5HTTLPR increased externalizing behavior in individuals with antisocial biologic parentage; a second interaction with one or more 5HTTLPR short variants (SS or SL) appeared to increase externalizing behaviors in conjunction with a genetic diathesis for alcoholism. Gender of adoptee also appeared to interact with 5HTTLPR. Male individuals with the short variant were more likely to have higher symptom counts for conduct disorder, aggressivity, and ADHD. In contrast, among females, the short variant (SS, SL) was associated with lower levels of such behavior. The results support the hypothesis that gene-biological family history interactions are involved in the externalizing behaviors studied and constitute interesting findings for future replication. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Fate of selected pharmaceutically active compounds during simulated riverbank filtration

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, oxygen, and organic matter on the removal of selected pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) during simulated riverbank filtration (RBF). The behavior of six PhACs (caffeine, carbamazepine, 17-β estradiol [E2], estrone [E1], gemfibrozil, and phenazone) was evaluated by small flow-through column experiments. Results from our study showed that RBF can be used to treat many of the PhACs found in environmental waters. Local conditions at the RBF site, however, can affect the removal of PhACs and should be investigated. Biodegradation and sorption represented the predominant mechanisms involved during the removal of the selected PhACs. All selected PhACs showed limited and slower removal during the winter. Phenazone was highly impacted by the level of oxygen; complete depletion of phenazone below the analytical limit occurred only under aerobic conditions (dissolved oxygen > 8 mg L − 1 ). Caffeine and E2 were highly impacted by the presence of humic acid in the feed water. Caffeine and E2 were depleted below the detection limit in the presence of humic acid regardless of the temperature and the level of oxygen. E1 was impacted by the different environmental conditions and depletion below the detection limit occurred only during the summer under aerobic conditions. Carbamazepine (10%) and gemfibrozil (
Distortion corrected imaging using projected index computed tomography

Projected index computed tomography (PICT) is a newly developed technique that uses the measured optical path length from multiple optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans through a semitransparent sample to computationally reconstruct tomographic images based on the spatial variations of the refractive index. Since the index of refraction of most samples is not constant, a depth-wise distortion due to the varying index of the sample is evident. Using a highly reflective reference surface placed behind the sample, optical path length measurements yield an aggregate index value for each beampath through the sample. Rotating the sample allows a data set to be formed for multiple beam angles. These data can be understood as the projections of the object index, i.e. the Radon tranform of the index of the object. Using filtered backprojection algorithms set of projection data were used to reconstruct PICT images. The resulting images are free from the spatial distortions found in standard OCT. Experimental results show that PICT images correspond well with the dimensional characteristics of specific samples.
ISOLATION OF SYNAPTIC COMPLEXES IN A CAESIUM CHLORIDE DENSITY GRADIENT: ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES

— A technique is described for the improved isolation of synaptic complexes. Homogenates of guinea pig cerebellum and cerebral cortex were subjected to centrifugation, first in a discontinuous sucrose gradient, and secondly in a continuous caesium chloride gradient. Of the six bands that were obtained, band four contained a high proportion of synaptic complexes showing both pre- and postsynaptic elements attached to each other; myelin and free mitochondria were not contaminants of this fraction. Fluorescein-labelled γ-globulin prepared against band four reacted with synaptic regions of cerebellum and cerebral cortex, but not with cervical cord.
A glycolipid from Rothia dentocariosa

Abstract Dimannosyl diglyceride has been characterized as a major glycolipid component of the cell envelopes of coccal and filamentous forms of Rothia dentocariosa . There was roughly twice the amount of glycolipid in the filamentous as in the coccal cells. The fatty acid composition of the glycolipid was determined.
Distance-decay patterns of nutrient loading at watershed scale: Regression modeling with a special spatial aggregation strategy

The effect of distance-decay on nutrient flux usually plays an important role in nutrient retention from non-point sources to surface waters. However, the distance-decay effect has been inappropriately neglected in many studies that adopted regression modeling method to quantify the relationship between watershed landscape and in-stream nutrient loading level. The goal of this study was to develop non-linear regression models that better quantify the role of distance on non-point source nutrient loads in rivers by using simulation results of a spatially-explicit model applied to the watersheds in the Upper Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia. Because a detailed spatially-explicit modeling approach typically simulates the nutrient flux across the entire watershed, it provides opportunities to examine the nutrient decay patterns at watershed scale. The simulation results confirmed that regarding the effect of flow distance on nutrient loading, the exponential decay setting in the spatially-explicit model performs well. Other heterogeneous factors including slope and soil conditions do affect the decay results but not strongly enough to change the general exponential patterns. The nutrient contribution from areas that were greater than 300 meters to the river network was negligible. It was also found that the decay rate for urban lands is lower than that for other land-covers. Based on these findings, a spatial aggregation strategy in the lateral dimension of the river network was adopted and eight non-linear regression models which explicitly addressed the effects of distance-decay were designed to estimate the nutrient annual average loads. The model validation results showed that three of them can well estimate the nutrient loads. This study shows the usage of stream-lateral-dimension aggregation strategy in addressing nutrient distance-decay patterns and developing simple regression models of nutrient loading. This study also illustrates the advantages of using comprehensive spatially-explicit models to design and configure simpler regression models for improving our understanding of nutrient export from land to water.
Corporate Capitalism and Political Agency: A Dialogue with Valerie Scatamburlo-D'Annibale and Peter McLaren

This article both responds to the criticisms of some postmodern scholarship raised by Scatamburlo-D'Annibale and McLaren and suggests the basis for new coalitions to interrupt global corporate greed. The author strives to work within the perspective advanced by these authors in that he exposes the contradictions of corporate capital illuminated by the Enron crisis. Rather than looking to the working classes, who have been largely displaced resulting from the worldwide concentration of capital, the author argues that it is the new “lost generation” of the investor class that needs mobilization. Finally, he argues that it is greed, not profit, that needs resistance from below.
The Daily Show With Jon Stewart: Part 2

The Daily Show With Jon Stewart is one of the best critical literacy programs on television, and in this Media Literacy column the author suggests ways that teachers can use video clips from the show in their classrooms.
RbSr studies of CI and CM chondrites

Rb-Sr whole rock analyses have been performed on 2 CI and 3 CM chondrites. Four of these stones (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Erakot) were previously studied in this laboratory and were shown to be discordant from a 4.6 Gyr isochron. The fifth, Murchison, was not previously studied. The new data support the discordance of the first four stones, and indicate that Murchison is also discordant. Studies of Sr isotope ratios in unspiked Orgueil show that the discordance is not due to inhomogeneities in the Sr-84/Sr-86 ratio caused by incomplete mixing of nucleosynthesis products. In order to gauge the effects of weathering, two leaching experiments were performed on fresh, interior samples of Murchison; one for a period of 1.5 hr and the other for 117 hr. The results indicate that the relative solubility of nonradiogenic Sr is approximately twice that of Rb and radiogenic Sr is more soluble than the nonradiogenic Sr.
On waveform design for MIMO radar with matrix completion

In matrix completion based MIMO radars, the data matrix coherence, and consequently the performance of matrix completion depend on the transmit waveforms. It was recently shown that for uniform linear arrays and orthogonal waveforms, the optimal choice for waveforms are white-noise type functions. This paper deals with the design of optimal transmit waveforms. The design is formulated as an optimization problem on the complex Stiefel manifold, which is a non-convex set, and the optimal waveforms are found via a steepest descent algorithm with nonmonotone line search methods. Numerical results show that for large dimensional data matrices and for a large number of antennas, the objective function converges to its global minimum and the matrix coherence corresponding to the optimal waveforms is asymptotically optimal, thus resulting in very good target estimation performance.
Algorithms for projection methods for solving linear systems of equations

Abstract The solution of linear systems of equations using various projection algorithms is considered. Since nonsingularity of the coefficient matrix is the only requirement for convergence, techniques for increasing the rate of convergence are presented. Various criteria for the selection of two and three-dimensional dimensional subspaces to project the residual vector at any step are reviewed in the literature. These algorithms are called quasi-optimal since the subspaces formed by the column vectors of the coefficient matrix are done a priori . They are shown to significantly reduce the number of cycles required for convergence and compare favorably with standard methods. A new class of projection algorithms is presented which is proven to be superior to conventional projection algorithms. It is shown that the new algorithms are equivalent to the conventional projection algorithms, but require less than half the number of arithmetic computations per iterative step and that the number of computations required per iterative step per component is independent of the dimension of the algorithm used.