cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Far‐infrared detectors for observational cosmology

Abstract We describe the design of a radiometer for observations of faint astronomical sources at millimeter wavelengths. The main purpose of this instrument is to make extremely sensitive measurements of the spatial distribution of the 2.7° K Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Important innovations in the design of this instrument are: 1) simultaneous detection of wavelengths in several bands from 2 mm to 10 mm, 2) an optical system with equal beam sizes at all wavelengths on a balloon‐borne telescope platform, 3) extremely sensitive cooled bolometers with superconducting thermistors, and 4) a robust cryogenic system featuring an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for cooling detectors to ≤ 0.1° K in a balloon environment. These technologies are being developed by university students for future orbital applications.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Efficacy Using Electron Microscopy: Morphological Effects of Guanylureido Cephalosporin, BL-P1654, and Carbenicillin on Escherichia coli

Early response of Escherichia coli to minimal inhibitory concentrations of 112883, BL-P1654, and carbenicillin was determined by [ 14 C]leucine uptake and scanning electron microscopy morphology studies. [ 14 C]leucine uptake was inhibited later by carbenicillin than by BL-P1654 or 112883. Cellular swelling at 30 min, septal region swelling, and lysis were the progressive morphological changes with BL-P1654 and 112883. Carbenicillin-treated cells showed septal region swelling, beaded chains, and lysis. Images
The Effects of Serotonin Agonists on the Hypothalamic Regulation of Sexual Receptivity in Syrian Hamsters

Abstract One brain region that has been implicated in the regulation of lordosis is the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH). Previous studies have suggested that this zone may be part of the circuit mediating the effects of serotonin (5-HT) on sexual receptivity. In the present experiments, we investigated the role of 5-HT 1a/7 and 5-HT 2 receptor subtypes in the MPOA-AH in the control of lordosis. In two experiments, either 5-HT 1a/7 or 5-HT 2 agonists were injected unilaterally into the MPOA-AH of ovariectomized, hormonally primed female hamsters. In the first experiment, microinjections of the 5-HT 1a/7 agonist 8-hydroxy-2,9-(di- n -propylamino)tetralin resulted in an attenuation of the lordosis posture by causing a decrease in the mean lordosis duration and an increase in the number of lordosis episodes over the entire testing period. In the second experiment, microinjections of the 5-HT 2b/2c agonist m -chlorophenylpiperazine did not result in any changes in sexual receptivity. However, microinjections of the 5-HT 2 agonist (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCl facilitated lordosis by increasing the mean lordosis duration and decreasing the number of lordosis episodes in the first 5 min of the testing period. These data indicate that serotonin may act in the MPOA-AH via 5-HT 1a/7 receptors to attenuate and 5-HT 2 receptors to facilitate sexual receptivity.
“Safe” Spitz and Its Alternatives

Both clinically and histopathologically, melanoma of childhood Is a rarely encountered lesion. In addition, It has particular histopathologic diagnostic problems. Differential diagnosis of this lesion and Spitz nevus is at times very problematic, In that distant metastases and death of the patient may be the only diagnostic criteria for some cases. We present a 4-year-old girl with an atypical melanocytic neoplasm with Spitzoid features on the left subscapular region.
Characteristics of the low density corneal endothelial monolayer

Abstract Corneal endothelial cells form a leaky barrier on the posterior surface of the cornea, allowing influx of nutrient-carrying aqueous humor through the paracellular space and efflux of excess fluid. Corneal edema arises when the density of these non-proliferative endothelial cells declines from endothelial disease or intraocular surgery. The cellular changes occurring at low densities are ill-defined. We therefore investigated the paracellular pathway of corneal endothelial cell monolayers of varying density to determine alterations occurring in paracellular permeability and monolayer morphology. Primary cultures of bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs) were passaged onto permeable supports under varying culture conditions to obtain confluent monolayers of 2000 cells/mm2. Culture growth was monitored by transendothelial electrical resistance measurements. Diffusional permeability to sodium fluorescein, FITC-dextran MW 4000 or FITC-dextran MW 20,000 was measured. Confluent cultures were also analyzed by immunofluorescence localization of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and by transmission electron microscopy. For comparison, we evaluated ZO-1 for low and high density human corneal endothelium. Our results showed that all BCEC cultures grew to the same final transendothelial electrical resistance regardless of final density. In the diffusional permeability assay, permeability increased significantly only for the smallest tracer molecule (sodium fluorescein) in the lowest density monolayers (
Quantification of ozone formation metrics at Thompson Farm during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002

[1] Several metrics have been estimated to investigate preliminarily ozone (O 3 ) formation dynamics at the University of New Hampshire Atmospheric Observing Station at Thompson Farm, which is associated with the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program. This paper focuses on the August time frame of the New England Air Quality Study 2002. These metrics include instantaneous and net O 3 production rate (P(O 3 )), instantaneous and average O 3 production efficiency (OPE), and hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide (CO) reactivity. In general, the seacoast region of New Hampshire experiences low P(O 3 ) values compared to other continental locations. Use of a photochemical model yields a range of instantaneous values of 0.2 to 8.5 ppbv h -1 and a range of net values of 0.2 to 8.3 ppbv h -1 . Corresponding calculations for instantaneous OPE range from 0.2 to 2.4, with regression techniques yielding average OPE values of 7.7 and 9.7. These high regression values, the mixing ratios of NO y , and the concentration ratios of O 3 to NO z indicate a NO x -limited atmosphere. Total hydrocarbon and CO reactivity ranges from 0.9 to 20.2 s -1 . In conjunction with back trajectory analysis the metric values calculated for this location indicate that strong peaks in O 3 during this period are most likely a result of mixing of processed, 03-rich air masses rather than direct in situ chemical formation.
From know-how to nowhere

Flying Buttresses, Entropy, and 0-Rings: The World of an Engineer. ByJames L. Adams J. L.. Harvard University Press: 1992. Pp. 264. $24.95, £19.95 (hbk); £10.95 (pbk, UK and Europe only).
John Searle on a witch hunt A commentary on John R. Searle's essay ‘Social ontology: Some basic principles’

In this commentary I respond to John Searle's conceptual framework for the interpretation of ‘social facts’ as a provocation to spell out some of the philosophical foundations of the romantic pluralist tradition in cultural anthropology. Romantic pluralists in anthropology seek to affirm (to the extent such affirmation is reasonably possible) what the philosopher John Gray describes as ‘the reality, validity and human intelligibility of values and forms of life very different from our own’. With special attention to two examples of contemporary social facts (a witchcraft tribunal in Africa and death pollution practices in a Hindu temple town), the commentary raises questions about John Searle's approach to the mind-body problem and his account of epistemic objectivity and ontological subjectivity with regard to social facts. An alternative philosophy of the real is proposed that makes it possible for anthropologists to give an intelligible account of forms of life different from one's own without interpre...
MeV acceleration processes for heliospheric heavy ions

Abstract Observations of energetic ions of solar origin in the heliosphere suggest the existence of two main energization sites with different physical mechanisms: (1) impulsive mechanism on the flaring coronal magnetic field – via resonant interaction, presumably with low-frequency electromagnetic waves; (2) gradual mechanism around the propagating, interplanetary shock – by interaction with quasi-static inhomogeneous electromagnetic structure and low-frequency Alfvenic turbulence. While the coronal process enhances a subset of rare elements, the interplanetary interaction energizes most of the elements of coronal/solar wind origin. In the impulsive events, according to recent models, a significant fraction of heavy elements which reside on the active flaring flux rope is energized; the resonant interaction operates mainly on Fe and other heavy elements with high charge states. In the gradual events main energization occurs close to the Sun at low Mach numbers; significant interplanetary enhancement of energetic ion fluxes requires a narrow scale length in the propagating shock. Coupling of both processes results in the final heliospheric distribution function of the heavy elements. The enhanced energetic heavy ion population may have a profound impact on human space exploration in the interplanetary space as well as in the resulting trapped radiation in the magnetosphere.
Fracture and fatigue in M-50 and 18-4-1 high speed steels

The plane strain fracture toughness values,K Ic , the fatigue crack growth rates and the tensile properties of M-50 and 18-4-1 high speed steels have been measured as a function of tempering temperature. The M-50 was a vacuum arc remelted grade (VIM-VAR) and the 18-4-1 an electroslag grade, and both are used in mainshaft gas turbine bearings. At the usual hardness for bearings, Rockwell C 62, 18-4-1 exhibited a slightly higher fracture toughness (21 MPa·m1/2) than M-50 (18 MPa·m1/2). The fatigue crack growth rates were very similar, and in the slow growth region followed the usual power law,dC/dN=(ΔK) m withm=3 to 4. The crack propagation rates were still significant at values as low as ΔK=5 MPa·m1/2. SEM studies of the fracture surfaces showed complex transgranular fracture paths for both steels. The tensile strengths and the elongations of M-50 were somewhat higher than the corresponding values for 18-4-1 but the yield strengths of the two steels were similar. The microstructures of these steels were markedly different, with M-50 exhibiting 2.6 vol pct undissolved carbides and the 18-4-1 showing 15.2 vol pct carbides, but the fatigue and fracture behaviors were similar.
Vojta’s conjecture on blowups of \({\mathbb{P}^n}\), greatest common divisors, and the abc conjecture

We will prove some cases of Vojta’s conjecture on blowups of \({\mathbb{P}^n}\), using Schmidt’s subspace theorem. The results can be stated as inequalities of greatest common divisors. Moreover, from Vojta’s conjecture on one further blowup at an infinitely near point, we derive a still-open special case of the abc-conjecture.
ANALYSIS OF THE B10.D2‐H‐2d m l MUTANT WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

We compared H-2D products of B10.D2 and the mutant B10.D2-H-2dml spleen cells using two monoclonal antibodies designated D3.179 and S11.7. D3.179 reacts with public specificities and appears to define more than one product as shown by cytotoxicity and binding studies. Strong reactivity was obtained in both binding and cytotoxicity to B10.D2 and marginal cytotoxicity and low binding were observed with B10.D2-H-2dml cells. The second monoclonal antibody S11.7, in contrast, reacts only with H-2Dd bearing strains and gave strong binding to B10.D2-H-2dml and weaker binding to B10.D2. Taken together, the observations indicate that the mutant not only expresses H-2D encoded antigens but bears quantitatively greater amounts of some specificities than the parent. A product of approximately 46,000 daltons was immunoprecipitated from B10.D2 cells by D3.179. Very small amounts of this product were seen in B10.D2-H-2dml immunoprecipitates.
Delayed Absorption And Diffusion In Colloidal Media

The behavior of the diffusion coefficient of a solute which can be adsorbed by a colloid only after the colloid has aggregated to a certain size is deduced on the basis of a few assumptions. Some relations of such a mechanism to cell reactions are indicated.
Composition of the drainage network on early Mars

Abstract Among the 2208 martian fluvial features plotted in a previous study [Z. Geomorphol. 37-1 (1993) 57], the hydrological characteristics of 71 pristine fluvial valley networks, located between 18.0°N and 55.0°S, were surveyed using Viking Orbiter photomosaic bases at 1:2 million scale. The surveyed networks display: (1) systems organized mainly as first-order streams, 85% of which have lengths not exceeding 1000 km with a large amount of the statistical sample having lengths between 200 and 500 km (generally shorter than the degraded valleys studied by Baker and Partridge [J. Geophys. Res. 91 (1986) 3561]), (2) drainage basins with average areas of about 5000 km2, (3) a random distribution, and (4) headwater tributary drainage densities (kd) ranging systematically between 0.03 and 0.2 km−1, which are comparable to terrestrial drainage densities in arid climates. The compositions of the surveyed pristine valley networks are comparable to the degraded fluvial systems that dissect older martian surface materials. Thus, it appears that no dramatic changes occurred in martian hydrology since the earlier period of formation of the “degraded valleys”, such as described by Baker and Partridge [J. Geophys. Res. 91 (1986) 3561]. Subsurface aquifer drainage may have been a large contributor to drainage basin formation since early in Mars history.
Is the central dogma of flow cytometry true: That fluorescence intensity is proportional to cellular dye content?

Measurements and theoretical calculations of fluorescent emission from four samples of polystyrene microspheres (diameter 0.92, 1.63, 1.90 and 4.18 microns) containing the same fluorescent dye show a general dependence upon particle size, emission angle, and polarization conditions. However, for the excitation and detection conditions used in flow cytometry, the relative fluorescent intensities measured for the four particle sizes are proportional to the dye content to +10% accuracy, independent of particle size. Accordingly, the central dogma of flow cytometry 'that fluorescence is proportional to cellular dye content' is valid to this accuracy for these solid, highly refractive polymer particles. Most mammalian cells are much less refractive, therefore, should conform more closely to the central dogma.
Food Hubs: Definitions, Expectations, and Realities

There is general agreement that food hubs are principally regional food aggregators/distributors well positioned to fill a number of social roles and services not traditionally provided by wholesale food companies. However, there is little agreement among stakeholders about what these roles and services should be or understanding of how they affect food hub financial viability. This article uses 2013 National Food Hub Survey data to highlight the current divergence between expectations and realities of these food hub roles. A definition for food hubs is also proposed that is inclusive enough to embrace different types of food hubs yet prescriptive enough to provide clarity on the roles food hubs play.
A New Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Milk Fat

Summary A simple and quick colorimetric method for the determination of free fatty acids in milk fat is described. The method consists in dissolving 1ml. of the milk fat in 3ml. of a saturated solution of the base of neutral red in xylol and comparing with a set of standards of known oleic acid contents. The method is shown to be highly sensitive and accurate. In neutral fat and in xylol the dye base gives an orange yellow solution. Free fatty acids form red soaps with the dye base and the degree of shift to the red is proportional to the concentration of soap and, therefore, of the free fatty acids. Equal normal concentrations of various fatty acids produce an equal shift in the color.
Sequences required for the transition from monomeric to homodimeric forms of thyroid hormone receptor α and v-erbA

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha) and the oncoprotein v-erbA (a mutated form of TRalpha incapable of binding T3) bind as heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to DNA sequences with different orientations of AGGTCA half sites. v-erbA can also form homodimers, whereas, TRalpha1 homodimerizes poorly. Therefore, in order to obtain a better understanding for the distinct homodimerization properties between TRalpha1 and v-erbA, we created chimeras between these two receptors and tested their abilities to homodimerize on direct and everted repeats (DRs, ERs). We found that the enhanced homodimerization properties of v-erbA compared to TRalpha1 map to isoleucine at position 339 in conjunction with serine at position 351 and alanine at position 358. Our data indicate that the methyl group in isoleucine at position 339 plays an important role in v-erbA homodimerization, particularly on ER 6. Functional studies with I339V+S351P+A358T, a v-erbA mutant unable to homodimerize but still able to heterodimerize with RXR on ERs and DRs, indicate that v-erbA-RXR heterodimers mediate the dominant negative activity of v-erbA on DRs. However, the repressor activity of this mutant is weaker than that of the wild type v-erbA on ERs, suggesting that v-erbA homodimers rather than v-erbA-RXR heterodimers mediate the potent dominant negative activity of v-erbA on ERs.
The principal role in data-driven decision making: using case-study data to develop multi-mediator models of educational reform

The expectation that educators will use data in the service of school improvement and planning is a major feature of national and local reform agendas. Prior research has found that the principal plays a critical role in making policymakers’ visions for data use a reality at the school and classroom levels. Most prior studies, however, have not fleshed out how the principal functions as a key agent in influencing other key players in data use. This article will illustrate the actions of the principal, teachers, students, and district personnel through simulation models of principal leadership that we developed based on a case study of a high school implementing this reform. We use these models both as a framework for understanding our findings and as a way to enhance understanding of the processes by which educational reform is co-constructed through the simultaneous mediation of the multiple agents involved in the system.
Collagen banded fibril structure and the collagen-platelet reaction

Abstract Bovine hide collagen dispersions were swollen in the pH range 1.6–7.0, treated with glutaraldehyde, and dialyzed to neutral pH. The intensity with which these collagens reacted with human platelets in plasma was studied by aggregometry and scanning electron microscopy. Collagen swollen at a pH below 4.25±0.30 and treated with glutaraldehyde exhibited greatly reduced platelet aggregating ability after restoration of neutral pH. In addition, the state of supramolecular order in these collagens was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Native, insoluble collagen fibrils were found to lose their banded structure, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, reversibly when exposed to low ionic strength aqueous solutions below pH 4.25±0.30. During the disorder transition, which occurred by time dependent swelling of fibrils, but without their disaggregation, the packing order in the fibrils was largely abolished while the triple helical structure of individual collagen molecules was retained. Chemical modification of collagen by glutaraldehyde treatment was found to prevent recrystallization of collagen during dialysis to neutral pH but did not otherwise affect the collagen-platelet reaction. The results of altering collagen mass dose (concentration) demonstrated the critical importance of traces of banded fibrils which resisted disordering below pH 4.25. The data suggest that collagen preparations which are free of significant traces of banded fibrils, but which are made up of collagen molecules possessing triple helical structure do not induce platelet aggregation, irrespective of dose.
Heuristic dispatching models for multi-vehicle materials handling systems

Abstract This paper describes fleet-size-dependent models for predicting dispatching effects in multi-vehicle materials-handling systems. The models are a direct extension of recently published analytical bounds on empty-vehicle travel, which are based exclusively on vehicle travel times and material flow rates in a system. As with these earlier models, the models presented in this paper are intended to support the design of materials-handling systems. By directly accounting for the number of vehicles used in a system, the proposed models attempt to provide more refined insights into the effectiveness of using vehicle dispatching to deal with temporary peaks in system workload, as an alternative to designing a system with sufficient capacity to handle worst case operating scenarios. Simulation experiments are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed models and provide a comparison with earlier models reported in the literature.
Movements, cover-type selection, and survival of fledgling Ovenbirds in managed deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests

Abstract We used radio telemetry to monitor movements, cover-type selection, and survival for fledglings of the mature-forest nesting Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) at two managed forest sites in north-central Minnesota. Both sites contained forested wetlands, regenerating clearcut stands of various ages, and logging roads, but differed in mature forest composition; one deciduous with open understory, and the other mixed coniferous-deciduous with dense understory. We used compositional analysis, modified to incorporate age-specific limitations in fledgling movements, to assess cover-type selection by fledglings throughout the dependent (on adult care) post-fledging period. Compared to those that were depredated, fledglings from nests in deciduous forest that survived the early post-fledging period had more older (sapling-dominated) clearcut available, directed movements toward older clearcuts and forested wetlands, and used older clearcuts more than other cover types relative to availability. Fledglings that were depredated had more young (shrub-dominated) clearcut and unpaved logging road available, and used mature forest and roads more than expected based on availability. For birds from nests in mixed mature forest with dense understory, movements and cover-type selection were similar between fledglings that survived and those that were depredated. However, fledglings that were depredated at that site also had more young clearcut available than fledglings that survived. We conclude that Ovenbird fledgling survival is influenced by distance of their nest to various non-nesting cover types, and by the subsequent selection among those cover types, but that the influence of non-nesting cover types varies depending on the availability of dense understory vegetation in mature forest.
Analysis of otolith chemistry in Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) from the Bahamas and Belize using solution-based ICP-MS

We examined the utility of otolith minor and trace element chemistry, assayed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as a means of delineating population structure in the Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus). We characterized the elemental composition of otoliths collected in 1993 from three locations in Exuma Sound, Bahamas and from Glover Reef, Belize in 1995. A single location in Exuma Sound was sampled in 1994 to test temporal variability in otolith composition. Five elements (Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb) were routinely detected, at levels significantly above background, by solution-based ICP-MS. Results from analysis of variance of elemental data, expressed as a ratio to Ca, indicated that there were no significant differences among the Exuma locations for any element, but significant variability was found between Glover Reef and the pooled Exuma localities for Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. Significant inter-annual differences at one Exuma Sound location was restricted to Ba/Ca ratios. Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 86% and 95% of the Belize and pooled Exuma sites, respectively. Otoliths from Belize were characterized by low Zn/Ca and high Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca ratios compared to otoliths from fish collected in Exuma Sound. Although differences in Ba levels may be related to upwelling at Glover Reef, more data are needed to definitely link otolith composition with regional differences in water chemistry.
Iron decreases biological effects of ozone exposure.

AbstractContext: Ozone (O3) exposure is associated with a disruption of iron homeostasis and increased availability of this metal which potentially contributes to an oxidative stress and biological effects.Objective: We tested the postulate that increased concentrations of iron in cells, an animal model and human subjects would significantly impact the biological effects of O3 exposure.Results: Exposure to 0.4 ppm O3 for 5 h increased mRNA for both Superoxide Dismutase-1 (SOD1) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Pre-treatment of NHBE cells with 200 µM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) for 4 h diminished changes in both SOD1 and COX2 following O3 exposure. mRNA transcript levels and associated protein release of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 were increased by O3 exposure of NHBE cells; changes in these endpoints after O3 exposure were significantly decreased by FAC pre-treatment of the cells. Exposure of CD-1 mice to 2 ppm O3 for 3 h significantly incr...
Explaining Political Finance Reforms Competition and Context

This article examines how political strategies and institutional arrangements can shape the outcomes of debates over political finance reform. The article outlines two competing sets of assumptions about parties’ priorities regarding political finance regulations and explores the expectations generated by these differing assumptions. The central difference between these perspectives is whether parties view revenues primarily as a means to an electoral end, or whether they instead see fundraising as an end in itself. Each view yields slightly different predictions about the types of reforms various parties are likely to endorse under various political circumstances. The article then considers how these perspectives might illuminate actual party behavior by examining a series of political finance reform debates in Germany. Experiences here suggest that, even when scandals lend salience to the issue of party finance reform, parties will not necessarily sacrifice assured economic gains for possible political ...
Colorimetric estimation of indole-3-acetic acid

Abstract After oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid with ceric nitrate in the presence of hydroxylamine, a stable colored complex extractable to isoamyl alcohol is formed. This reaction is useful for the colorimetric estimation of indole-3-acetic acid in biological mixtures. The colored complex (whose chromophore probably has similar structure as the product of the well known Salkowski's reaction) is relatively stable in light. The specificity of the method is discussed.
Observing the techni- eta at a photon linear collider.

If electroweak symmetry is spontaneously broken by technicolor, there will be technimesons analogous to the mesons of the ordinary strong interactions. One of the lightest technimesons is the techni-{eta} {eta}{sub {ital T}}{sup {prime}} (the analogue of the {eta}{prime}). In this work we consider the possibility of observing it at a linear {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} collider operating in the {gamma}{gamma} mode. Detecting the process {gamma}{gamma}{r_arrow}{eta}{sub {ital T}}{sup {prime}} allows for the measurement of the {eta}{sub {ital T}}{sup {prime}}{gamma}{gamma} anomalous coupling which is in principle sensitive to the underlying technifermion substructure.
contested order: gender and society in the southern New Guinea Highlands

A clan-centered view of Highland New Guinea social structure limits the understanding of male/female relations, as well as of relations between leaders and ordinary people. In some Highlands societies, exchange partnership networks constitute an alternative form of sociality to clanship. In the Mendi Valley of the Southern Highlands Province, the practical logic of network relationships (in which both men and women participate) and of clanship (represented as an exclusively “male” relationship) are partially complementary, partially at odds. This ambiguity defines an arena for argument among social actors concerning the constitution of their social order. In places like Mendi, the organization of clan-sponsored events (like pig festivals) by leaders and other men is a contingent and contested achievement.[Melanesia, social structure, exchange, gender, inequality]
Pregnancy Outcomes of American Indians: Contrasts Among Regions and with Other Ethnic Groups

Objectives The two-fold purpose of this analysis is first to contrast the maternal risk factors and birth outcomes of American Indians (AIs) with other race/ethnic groups and to compare the maternal risk factors and birth outcomes of AIs by region to assess whether there are geographic variations in the adverse outcomes that might suggest intervention strategies. Study Design This study used the National Center for Health Statistics live birth infant death cohort files from 1995–2001. Singleton live births to U.S. resident mothers were selected. The analyses were limited to non-Hispanic American Indians, including Aleuts and Eskimos (n = 239,494), Non-Hispanic White (n = 15,488,133), and Hispanic births (n = 5,284,978). Results This comparison of birth characteristics and outcomes by ethnic group revealed that AIs have more adverse maternal risk factors (e.g., unmarried and <18 years of age) than Whites and Hispanics. After adjustment for these factors, AIs have higher risks of low birth weight and preterm birth and elevated risks of postneonatal and infant mortality. Their cause-specific rates for perinatal, SIDS, injury and infection are also higher. The regional analysis indicated the South/Northeast have more low birth weight and preterm problems, but the Mid-West has the highest risks of infant mortality among LBW infants gestational age-specific mortality rates, and mortality from SIDS. Conclusions These data show that AIs are not a homogenous group as evinced by distinct regional differences. SIDS is mainly a problem in the Mid-West, suggesting the involvement of environmental factors in that region. Further investigation is needed to examine the current AI perinatal health concerns.
What to wear to a severance party: A former corporate executive reflects on her own downsizing experience

A corporate executive provides an amusing and reflective account on her experience of being downsized. This “day in the life” perspective documents the feelings of an individual who found herself served with “divorce papers” from a job that had, in many ways, defined her identity. Her personal story shines the spotlight on whether humanism is possible when HRD practitioners are preparing for and executing layoff procedures.
Redating And Rethinking The Cassini Geodetic Surveys Of France, 1730–750

The geodetic survey of France undertaken by Jacques Cassini and his son, Cassini de Thury, between 1733 and 1744 is conventionally treated as the prelude to the survey undertaken at a greater scale by Cassini de Thury after 1750. A fresh assessment of the available evidence, including the manuscript of a book which Cassini de Thury wrote but never published, leads to the conclusion that there are two Cassini maps of France, one finished in 1744, the other in 1788, each independently conceived and executed. This conclusion brings to light a fundamental, conceptual difference between the two maps. On considere generalement le leve geodesique de la France execute par Jacques Cassini et son fils Cassini de Thury, entre 1735 et 1744, comme etant le debut du leve a plus grande echelle entrepris par Cassini de Thury apres 1750. Cependant une nouvelle interpretation des documents, y-compris le manuscrit d'un livre inedit ecrit par Cassini de Thury amene a conclure que les Cassini ont fait deux cartes differentes ...
Blood staining of the cornea: a histopathologic analysis of 16 cases

Abstract Sixteen eyes with corneal blood staining were examined by light microscopy. Two corneal buttons were also studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. By light microscopy, most eyes disclosed hyphema, angle-closure glaucoma, and endothelial attenuation with marked corneal edema. Extra- and intracellular hemoglobin particles as well as intracellular hemosiderin were found mostly in the central cornea. Frequently we observed a gradient of hemoglobin degradation from the posterior to the anterior corneal stroma with extracellular hemoglobin particles being more concentrated posteriorly while hemosiderin-laden keratocytes predominated anteriorly. By electron microscopy, moderately electron-dense, amorphous material consistent with hemoglobin was found extracellularly as well as incorporated into stromal keratocytes, while highly electron-dense, membrane-bound granules, consistent with hemosiderin, were found intracellularly. There was marked necrosis of keratocytes, mainly those that were overloaded with hemoglobin. We conclude that hemoglobin diffuses into the corneal stroma across an intact Descemet's membrane. Continuous overload with hemoglobin leads to necrosis of keratocytes and irreversible corneal blood staining.
FACT AND FALLACY IN LABOUR MARKET ANALYSIS: A REPLY TO MR. LANDO*

Mr. Mordechai E. Lando has devoted his entire ‘Comment’ to one paragraph in my article, ‘Full Employment and the New Economics’, which ran to 36 paragraphs. Despite this rather narrow concentration, Mr. Lando has seriously misstated my argument in that one paragraph, and he has supported his criticisms by misstatements of fact and errors in analysis. Since his criticisms go to the heart of a thesis that I have developed in some detail during the past decade, I think that I should answer them rather fully.
Dna Synthetic Activity in Tumor-Bearing Mice

The rate of DNA synthesis in normal tissues exhibits circadian rhythmicity. However, there have been conflicting reports of the effects of tumor burden on the circadian rhythm of DNA synthesis in non-cancer tissues. We have developed a mouse colon cancer (MC-26) that exhibits different growth under different photoperiods. The purpose of this study was to analyze DNA synthetic activity in tissues removed from tumor-bearing and tumor-free mice maintained under two different photoperiods. Two groups each of approximately 80 male Balb/c mice were acclimated to one of two light-dark cycles, 12L:12D or 6L:18D. Half of each group were injected with 5.0 x 10(4) MC-26 cells. Twenty-two days later, all mice were killed in subgroups at 4-6 hr intervals over one 24-hr period. Colons and tumors were removed for measurement of DNA synthesis. Results were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in order to determine whether DNA synthesis varied significantly within groups over the 24-hr period. The DNA synthetic activity, as measured by uptake of tritiated thymidine, exhibited significant temporal variation in the colons of control (tumor-free) mice under both the 12L:12D and 6L:18D photoperiods. The colons of tumor-bearing mice failed to exhibit a fluctuation under a 12L:12D photoperiod but did show a significant 24-hr rhythm under the 6L:18D photoperiod. The subcutaneously growing cancers did not exhibit a circadian variation in DNA synthetic activity under either photoperiod. Both photoperiod and the presence of cancer appear to affect the DNA synthetic activity observed in mice bearing the MC-26 colon cancer.
Evidence of the carboxymethylation of nascent peptide chains on ribosomes.

Abstract Protein carboxymethylase from bovine anterior pituitary is found to be capable of carboxymethylating proteins in an in vitro protein synthesizing system which includes S-adenosyl-L-methionine-[14C methyl], wheat germ ribosomes and oviduct mRNA. Optimal carboxymethylation is inhibited by puromycin indicating the requirement for de novo protein synthesis. Ultracentrifugal profiles show that carboxymethylated proteins are associated with ribosomal absorption peaks. This is consistent with the carboxymethylation of proteins occurring on nascent peptide chains.
Preface to Volume 66: The Civil War Still Matters

The Preface highlights the contents of the current volume as well as briefly describes the the JRUL 100 anniversary of the Civil War special issue (1961). It also provides an update on the usage of articles in the back issues since they were entered into the journal platform (OJS).
Ionization and fragmentation of some simple molecules in collisions with 40 MeV Ar13+ ions

Abstract The ionization and fragmentation produced in collisions of 40 MeV Ar13+ projectiles with O2, CO, CO2, N2O and SO2 have been identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In each case, the singly ionized molecular ion is observed to have the highest yield, while substantial yields of doubly charged molecular ions appear in the spectra for CO, CO2 and SO2. Peaks have been identified for atomic ions up to charge 5 +, and those arising from the dissociation of the two diatomic molecules and the nonlinear triatomic molecule SO2 are split into doublets.
Anisotropy of critical correlations in moderately delocalized cerium and actinide systems.

The equilibrium and excitation magnetic behavior of a class of cerium and light actinide compounds have been explained previously, in a theory first developed by Siemann and Cooper, in terms of a band-f-electron anisotropic hybridization-mediated two-ion interaction of the Coqblin-Schrieffer type. Using the same theory, we present here a calculation, within the random-phase approximation, of the longitudinal component of the static wave-vector-dependent susceptibility in the paramagnetic phase. The calculations have been performed in the presence of a cubic crystal field (CF) and yield results for the ratio of inverse critical correlation lengths, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{?}$/${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, parallel and perpendicular to the moment direction, that compare well with those of diffuse critical neutron scattering experiments. In ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ (${f}^{1}$) compounds, we find that as the CF interaction (${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ ground state) predominates over the two-ion interaction, the relative strength of the coupling within the ferromagnetic {001} planes (with moments perpendicular to the planes) and that between the {001} planes is gradually reversed, resulting in a ratio ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{?}$/${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ smaller than unity, as is experimentally observed. We also present results for the effect of differing intraionic (L-S, intermediate, and j-j) coupling on ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{?}$/${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ for the case of ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{3+}$(${\mathrm{f}}^{5}$) and ${\mathrm{U}}^{3+}$(${\mathrm{f}}^{3}$) compounds.
Surface femtochemistry by laser-excited hot electrons

The paradigm of surface femtochemistry, laser induced desorption of molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces is considered, first from a `traditional' point of view and then from a contemporary one, suggested by experiments over the past five years. The key is laser excitation of substrate electrons followed by inelastic resonant scattering from the adsorbate. Theory is developed within the framework of Gaussian wavepacket dynamics.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Formation of a bridging planar trimethylenemethane dianion from a neopentyl precursor via sequential β-alkyl elimination and C-H activation

The reaction of neopentyllithium, Me3CCH2Li, with [(C5Me5)2Sm][(μ-Ph)2BPh2], 1, was investigated as a route to the unsolvated alkyl, [(C5Me5)2Sm(CH2CMe3)]x, and found to generate the first f element trimethylenemethane dianion complex, [(C5Me5)2Sm]2[μ-η3:η3-C(CH2)3], 2. Formation of the [C4H6]2- trimethylenemethane ligand from the [C5H11]1- neopentyl precursor can be explained by a combination of a β-methyl elimination reaction to form isobutene and [(C5Me5)2SmMe]3, 3, with subsequent C−H activation reactions. This sequence has been modeled in several ways, including the synthesis of 2 from reactions of 3 with CH2CMe2 and 3 with the 2-methylallyl complex, (C5Me5)2Sm[CH2C(Me)CH2], 4.
A Model Independent Approach to Inelastic Dark Matter Scattering

We present a model independent analysis of inelastic dark matter transitions at direct detection experiments by modifying the elastic methodology of Fitzpatrick et al. By analyzing the kinematics of inelastic transitions, we find the relevant variables to describe these scattering processes, the primary change being a modification of the ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{v}}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ variable. Taking this into account, we list the relevant scattering matrix elements and modify the Mathematica package of Anand et al. to calculate the necessary form factors. As an application, we determine the matrix elements of inelastic scattering for spin transitions between a fermion to fermion, scalar to vector, and scalar to scalar. Finally, we consider fits to the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation signal for the magnetic inelastic dark matter scenario as well as a model independent scan over relativistic operators, constraining them with limits from direct detection experiments. In the magnetic inelastic dark matter scenario or if the dark matter couples through relativistic operators involving only protons, we find that experiments with xenon and germanium targets can have consistently small rates. However, limits from iodine experiments are much more constraining, leaving small regions of allowed parameter space. We point out that existing uncertainties in the iodine quenching factor strongly affects the constraints, motivating further study to pin down the correct values.
Development of a tool to assess past food insecurity of immigrant latino mothers.

Abstract Objective The purpose is to describe the development and validation of a tool to measure the degree of past food insecurity in an immigrant US population. Design Focus group discussions and a structured interview. As a first step, focus group discussions were conducted among immigrant Latino mothers. Based on these discussions, an 8-item tool was developed and pilot-tested in a convenience sample of mothers. Setting California. Participants Twenty-two low-income Latino mothers with children, ages 4 to 5 years, in the focus groups and 85 low-income Latino and white mothers of young children in the structured interviews. Analyses Constant comparative analysis, Cronbach α, Spearman correlations, Chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Internal consistency of the remaining 7 items was good (Cronbach α = 0.84). Evidence of convergent validity included significant correlations between past food insecurity and maternal education (r = -0.45, p Conclusions and Implications This tool may be useful to determine how past deprivation influences current food choices and other nutrition-related behaviors in low-income Latino immigrants.
Differential seedling performance and environmental correlates in shrub canopy vs. interspace microsites

1 abstract Shrubs in semi-arid ecosystems promote micro-environmental variation in a variety of soil properties and site characteristics. However, little is known regarding post-fire seedling performance and its association with environmental variation in former shrub canopy and interspace microsites. We compared post-fire seeding success and various soil properties important for seedling establishment between shrub canopy and interspace microsites in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) plant communities in southeast Oregon, U.S.A. We burned 5, 20 � 20 m sites and established paired canopy and interspace micro-transects seeded with bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata, 193 seeds/ m) or crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum, 177 seeds/m). At one year post-fire, seedling density was 69% higher (p ¼ 0.012) for crested wheatgrass (compared to bluebunch wheatgrass) and 75% higher (p ¼ 0.019) for interspace microsites (compared to canopy). However, tiller and leaf area production were over twice as high (p < 0.05) in canopy microsites. Soil color and soil temperature, explained 19e32% of variation in seedling performance metrics. Shrub effects on seeding success are complex and interact with abiotic disturbances, but patterns of increased seedling performance in canopy microsites and their relationships to soil variables may suggest tactics for increasing success of restoration practices. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Soviet Behavior in Regional Conflicts: Old Questions, New Strategies, and Important Lessons

Regional conflicts have played a major role in American interpretations of Soviet foreign policy. They have affected judgments about Soviet intentions and have served as a barometer of Moscow's competitiveness. This study looks at the change in Soviet policy under Gorbachev. It proposes a strategic framework for the analysis of Soviet behavior and then examines Moscow's actions in terms of military support, active involvement, and the terms for peace. Special attention is paid to Soviet behavior in Southwest Asia. The study finds that Soviet behavior changed but in ways that were more subtle than often realized. Moscow pulled back having achieved partial success through compromise more often than it retreated in defeat. The shift to a strategy of detente had numerous causes, but a simple American peace-through-strength explanation that stresses external constraints and Soviet internal weakness is inadequate. Such explanations underestimate the importance of changing perceptions of threat and mistakenly affirm a deterrence conception of reciprocity (i.e., that force begets restraint). The evidence in regional conflicts suggests that a spiral model of reciprocity (i.e., that escalation begets escalation) is more apt.
Characterization of System Services and Their Performance Impact in Multi-core Nodes

The performance of parallel applications on large scale systems is shown to disproportionately degrade due to interference from system services. This interference from system services is also known as jitter. However, there is limited understanding of sources and patterns of jitter on multi-core systems. In this paper, we identify and characterize jitter sources in terms of their amplitude and execution interval distributions on multi-core IBM Power systems with UNIX-based general purpose operating systems: AIX and Linux. Our analysis shows that there are various kinds of jitter sources and their execution varies drastically between different cores and between hardware threads within each core for practical reasons. This in-depth knowledge of jitter events is leveraged to devise effective approaches to mitigate the jitter impact on application performance in large scale systems. Moreover, such knowledge would provide useful insights to a new generation of operating system designs such as multikernel or satellite kernel for multi-core systems.