cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
American Composers and Their Public: A Critical Look

In all of the writings about twentieth-century American art music, scarcely any attempt has been made to examine the relationship between the composer and the general audience, and least of all what composers and members of the music public have had to say about each other. The consequences of the elimination of common guidelines agreed to by artist and audience, the lack of balance between rights and responsibilities of all concerned with retaining the viability of new music, and the indifference of modern composers and the general music public to each other have proved disastrous. Yet there continue to be composers who write qualitatively excellent works that do please many listeners. Tawa addresses these issues. Anyone interested in the course taken by twentieth-century American music and the crisis now facing art music will find Tawa's analysis of great value. The book is recommended for musicians, music lovers, and educators.
Formylated peptides from cyanogen bromide digests identified by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

Abstract Exposure of proteins to 70% formic acid during cyanogen bromide digestion can result in formation of artifact peaks during subsequent purification by HPLC and detection of [M + H + 28]+ ions during analysis by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. Following cyanogen bromide digestion, peptides from equine heart cytochrome c, bacteriorhodopsin, bovine adrenal medulla dodecapeptide, and bovine adrenal peptide E were analyzed by positive ion FAB mass spectrometry. The cyanogen bromide peptides of cytochrome c and bacteriorhodopsin showed mixtures of formylated ions, [M + H + 28]+, and nonformylated ions, [M + H]+. Bovine adrenal medulla dodecapeptide and bovine adrenal peptide E were not formylated during digestion. Formylated peptides could be resolved from the corresponding nonformylated peptides using reversed-phase HPLC. Instability of the formylated peptides prevented localization of the adduct by Edman degradation. However, B E - linked scanning during FAB mass spectrometric analysis with collisional activation of the [M + H + 28]+ ion of a cyanogen bromide peptide from cytochrome c suggested that formylation occurred at a threonine residue. On the basis of stability measurements in aqueous solution and analysis by FAB mass spectrometry, it was determined that serine and threonine residues are the most likely sites of esterification by formic acid during cyanogen bromide digestion of proteins. Furthermore, substitution of 70% trifluoroacetic acid for formic acid during cyanogen bromide digestion eliminated formylation and generated little or no trifluoroacetylation.
Anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis with normal FDG-PET: a case of pseudo-Whipple's disease

Background A 39-year-old man presented with a history of several months of progressive personality changes, social withdrawal, bradykinesia, mutism, dysphagia, worsening gait, and difficulty with daily living activities. Examination revealed an atypical parkinsonian appearance with incomplete supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and an unusual oculomotor disorder characterized by both low-amplitude, intermittent opsoclonus, and slow, nystagmoid intrusions. Investigations Routine laboratory testing, autoimmune and infectious serologies, brain MRI, lumbar puncture, electroencephalogram, whole-body CT scan, paraneoplastic serologies, small bowel biopsy, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT scan, brain biopsy, and testicular ultrasound. Diagnosis Anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic encephalitis in association with metastatic testicular cancer; initially misdiagnosed as CNS Whipple's disease. Management Corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, orchiectomy, muscle relaxants, mycophenolate mofetil, plasmapheresis, and bleomycin, etoposide and platinum chemotherapy.
Long-term weathering behavior of UV-curable clearcoats: Depth profiling of photooxidation, UVA, and HALS distributions

The long-term weathering performance of two UV-curable clearcoat systems was studied using in-plane microtomy in combination with infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, and ESR spectroscopy. Oxygen transport characteristics were also studied using the half-time method. The photooxidation versus depth profile was highly dependant on the presence of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) for both coating systems. Ultraviolet light absorbers (UVA) had little effect on the photooxidation profile. A photooxidation gradient was formed in both clearcoats due to a reduction in oxygen solubility when compared to standard thermoset clearcoats. This gradient was only seen in formulations not containing HALS.
Change In Challenging Times: A Plan For Extending And Improving Health Coverage

ABSTRACT: Some speculate that Americans are neither politically capable of nor morally committed to solving the health system problems. We disagree. We propose a plan that insures all and improves ...
Electrical test results of UHV airgaps and insulator configurations

The paper summarises BPA's (Bonneville Power Administration) 60 Hz and impulse test results on UHV airgaps and insulator configurations performed to evaluate the insulation requirements for 1100 kV transmission lines. Information is presented on the effects of switching impulse waveshape and polarity, the number and type of insulators, grading devices and tower configurations, weather conditions, and the performance of prototype 1100 kV insulator configurations for 60 Hz and switching impulse voltage under artificially contaminated conditions.
Treatment with oral bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the IL-10-deficient murine model of inflammatory bowel disease

Bromelain is a mixture of proteinases derived from pineapple stem that is marketed in health food stores as a "digestive aid". Orally administered bromelain was anecdotally reported to induce clinical and endoscopic remission of ulcerative colitis in two patients whose disease was refractory to multi-agent conventional medical therapy. However, the potential efficacy of bromelain in colitis has not yet been tested rigorously in either animals or humans. In this study, the clinical and histologic severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was determined in IL-10-/- mice treated orally with bromelain in vivo. Daily treatment with oral bromelain beginning at age 5 weeks decreased the incidence and severity of spontaneous colitis in C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mice. Bromelain also significantly decreased the clinical and histologic severity of colonic inflammation when administered to piroxicam-exposed IL-10-/- mice with established colitis. Proteolytically active bromelain was required for anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Adverse effects of dermatitis, hair loss, and weight loss due to mucositis were rare, dose related, and were not seen in wild-type mice treated orally with up to 1000 mg bromelain/kg/day for 18 weeks. Although the exact mechanisms by which exogenous proteinases affect bowel inflammation have not yet been determined, the results justify additional studies of this complementary biologically based approach to treatment of IBD.
Reordered lattices for phased array antennas

While the effects produced by a periodic arrangement of radiating element (lattice) within a common aperture are generally well known, the characteristics of reordered lattices is considerably less common. A canonical study of reordered lattices reveals interesting and useful far-field phenomena, particularly in the ability to decorrelate the grating lobes. The study shows that an Archimedes spiral lattices is one of the most effective in this regard, even if it raises new challenges in the design.
FUNDRAISING COALITIONS IN OPEN SEAT MAYORAL ELECTIONS

: Mayoral candidates need to assemble a fundraising coalition so they can raise sufficient funds to be competitive. What is the nature of those coalitions? Are they narrow partnerships of like-minded interests, or are they broad alliances encompassing many different groups? Also, are the coalitions assembled by opposing candidates fundamentally different, or do most candidates receive their funds from the same sources? This article explores these questions through an analysis of five open seat mayoral elections in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. Most candidates assemble broad coalitions of many different groups, and because of this breadth candidates often have internally inconsistent coalitions (especially labor-backed candidates). Further, the fundraising coalitions of opposing candidates are usually quite similar. The results show that mayoral elections are not characterized by competing coalitions of donors and that voters who desire to use financial backing as a factor influencing their decision have limited choices.
Surface tension of Nanofluid-type fuels containing suspended nanomaterials

The surface tension of ethanol and n-decane based nanofluid fuels containing suspended aluminum (Al), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and boron (B) nanoparticles as well as dispersible multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were measured using the pendant drop method by solving the Young-Laplace equation. The effects of nanoparticle concentration, size and the presence of a dispersing agent (surfactant) on surface tension were determined. The results show that surface tension increases both with particle concentration (above a critical concentration) and particle size for all cases. This is because the Van der Waals force between particles at the liquid/gas interface increases surface free energy and thus increases surface tension. At low particle concentrations, however, addition of particles has little influence on surface tension because of the large distance between particles. An exception is when a surfactant was used or when (MWCNTs) was involved. For such cases, the surface tension decreases compared to the pure base fluid. The hypothesis is the polymer groups attached to (MWCNTs) and the surfactant layer between a particle and the surround fluid increases the electrostatic force between particles and thus reduce surface energy and surface tension.
Motivation for psychoanalysis and the transition from psychotherapy

Role therapeutique du psychotherapeute lors d'un changement de traitement (de la psychotherapie vers la cure psychanalytique). Etude de son influence sur les motivations du patient
Analysis of techniques for the determination of thyroid function with radioiodine.

INTRODUCTION THE advent of radioiodine has increased greatly the quantitative information which may be obtained concerning the physiology of the thyroid gland. In addition to supplanting the techniques for measuring the equilibrium constants of the gland, such as the percentage utilization of the daily intake of iodide, radioiodine allows the dynamic measurement of characteristics such as the rate of accumulation of iodide by the gland and the rate of release of hormone. These measurements would be virtually impossible to obtain by other techniques and they are playing an increasingly important role in the study of thyroid physiology. The dynamic measurements of thyroid function form the major topic of discussion of this paper. In general, a radioiodine test includes the administration of radioiodine (usually in the form of iodide), measurement of radioiodine content of the thyroid by means of external detection, measurement of radioiodine content of serum and urine, and mathematical analysis of the data....
Effects of Multiple Substitution upon the P∙∙∙N Noncovalent Interaction

Abstract The attractive noncovalent interaction of a P atom with N is derived primarily from two sources. Charge transfer from the N lone pair into the σ∗ antibonding orbital of a P–X bond that is turned away from the N atom combines with attractive Coulombic forces. As in the case of H-bonding, which is parallel in some ways to P⋯N attraction, placement of an electron-withdrawing substituent on the P atom enhances both of these components, and strengthens the overall interaction. However, in stark contrast with H-bonding, halogenation beyond monosubstitution does not lead to any further strengthening of the P⋯N noncovalent bond. Indeed, di and tri-substitution lead to small reductions in the interaction energy. In all cases, the geometry which contains a P⋯N bond is more stable than other candidate structures, some of which contain hydrogen or halogen bonds.
Work life and social fulfillment: Does social affiliation at work reflect a carrot or a stick?

Objectives. Work life and home life appear to be in increasing competition for scarce time and attention. Does the workplace offer a social haven for people? And if so, for whom is it most attractive? Or does the increasing affiliation with work life result from heightened job insecurity, which demands that employees focus on work in order to keep their jobs? Methods. In this article we analyze a unique data set incorporating all book-length workplace ethnographies (N=149) to address these questions. This data set provides rich measures of social life at work and related correlates. Results. We find that rich social lives are common at work and that these correlate strongly with fulfillment, pride, and meaning in work. Well-paid employees are much more likely to experience a rich social life at work than are lower-level employees. Job security appears to be a relative constant, unrelated to the richness of social life on the job. Men are more socially involved at work than women, reflecting their greater average involvement in work life relative to family life. This relationship, however, does not hold net of controls, suggesting that it reflects underlying differences in the jobs men and women hold. Conclusions. These findings suggest a bifurcated labor force in which upper-status employees reap both greater material and greater social rewards from their jobs and, as a result, are more drawn to work, and to workaholism, than lower-status workers.
Photochemistry of 2-diphenylmethoxyacetophenone. Direct detection of a long-lived enol from a Norrish Type II photoreaction

Photolysis of 2-diphenylmethoxyacetophenone (1) in deaerated acetonitrile at room temperature is expected to proceed via Norrish Type II reaction to generate benzophenone (2) and acetophenone (4) as the main isolated photoproducts. Although the acetophenone enol intermediate (3) is generally considered a putative intermediate that is a precursor of acetophenone, there are few reports of the direct spectroscopic detection of 3 when a Type II reaction is conducted in solution at room temperature. Presumably, rapid enol-ketone isomerisation under the reaction conditions causes 3 to have a very short lifetime that lowers its concentration below limits detectable by standard organic spectroscopic methods such as 1H NMR. We report that 3 is readily observed at room temperature by 1H NMR spectroscopy and showed a remarkably long lifetime of almost 1 h under our reaction conditions. It was found that the acetophenone enols from the classic Norrish Type II reactions of valerophenone and butyrophenone could also be readily detected by 1H NMR in acetonitrile at room temperature, but that their lifetimes were similar (tens of minutes) from both precursors, but were considerably shorter than that of 1. The reason for the differences in the lifetime of the acetophenone enol is probably due to small amounts of adventitious catalysts that arise during the photolysis.
RhoB links PDGF signaling to cell migration by coordinating activation and localization of Cdc42 and Rac

The small GTPase RhoB regulates endocytic trafficking of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the non-receptor kinases Src and Akt. While receptor-mediated endocytosis is critical for signaling processes driving cell migration, mechanisms that coordinate endocytosis with the propagation of migratory signals remain relatively poorly understood. In this study, we show that RhoB is essential for activation and trafficking of the key migratory effectors Cdc42 and Rac in mediating the ability of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to stimulate cell movement. Stimulation of the PDGF receptor-β on primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) results in RhoB-dependent trafficking of endosome-bound Cdc42 from the perinuclear region to the cell periphery, where the RhoGEF Vav2 and Rac are also recruited to drive formation of circular dorsal and peripheral ruffles necessary for cell migration. Our findings identify a novel RhoB-dependent endosomal trafficking pathway that integrates RTK endocytosis with Cdc42/Rac localization and cell movement.
Chlorinated Opium Alkaloid Derivatives Produced by the Use of Aqueous Sodium Hypochlorite During the Clandestine Manufacture of Heroin

A clandestine chemist was observed producing heroin from crude morphine utilizing a solution of sodium hypochlorite during the process. Numerous chlorinated opium alkaloid derivatives were created when the morphine acetylation reaction was quenched and neutralized with a solution of sodium hypochlorite and ammonium hydroxide. Four of these compounds, 1-chloroheroin, 1-chloroacetylcodeine, 1-chloro-O 6 -monoacetyl- morphine, and 2¢-chloropapaverine, were characterized via preparative isolation, gas chromatography ⁄ mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and independent synthesis. These chlorinated derivatives were formed via electrophilic aromatic substitution with free chlorine during the illicit process. Although no illicit heroin exhibits containing these compounds have been observed in seizures to date, mass spectral data are pro- vided for several of these compounds for their identification should they be seen within future seizures of illicit heroin. One of the ongoing initiatives of the Drug Enforcement Admin- istration's Special Testing and Research Laboratory is the proactive debriefing of clandestine laboratory operators for current trends and methodologies in illicit drug production. Occasionally, this includes observing clandestine operators producing illicit drugs in controlled settings. During a series of cocaine processing debriefings and observations in South America, one of the authors was introduced to a clandestine heroin chemist who stated that he ⁄ she was utilizing a new method for the production of heroin. It should be noted that this cooperating individual was unaware of the author's affiliation with narcotics enforcement. The clandestine chemist avowed that the new process utilized bleach after the acetylation of morphine, during the work-up to give a whiter heroin product. As this was an unknown illicit process, the chemist was allowed to carry out the procedure in a controlled setting. Upon completion of the proce- dure, the product was retained for analysis by our laboratory.
Explicit modeling of control and data for improved NoC router estimation

Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) are scalable fabrics for interconnection networks used in many-core architectures. ORION2.0 is a widely adopted NoC power and area estimation tool; however, its models for area, power and gate count can have large errors (up to 110% on average) versus actual implementation. In this work, we propose a new methodology that analyzes netlists of NoC routers that have been placed and routed by commercial tools, and then performs explicit modeling of control and data paths followed by regression analysis to create highly accurate gate count, area and power models for NoCs. When compared with actual implementations, our new models have average estimation errors of no more than 9.8% across microarchitecture and implementation parameters. We further describe modeling extensions that enable more detailed flit-level power estimation when integrated with simulation tools such as GARNET.
Vision is precious: a successful behavioral intervention to increase the rate of screening for diabetic retinopathy for inner-city adults.

PurposeThis purpose of this report is to describe a successful telephone intervention to increase the rate of diabetic retinopathy screening, its implementation with English and Spanish speakers, and the characteristics of those who benefited most from the intervention.MethodsParticipants in the telephone group (N = 305) received a tailored intervention from trained health educators who were ethnically diverse and representative of the community. The main outcome for the randomized controlled study was documented receipt of a dilated fundus examination (DFE) within the 6-month study window. Exploratory analyses focused on examining the factors that contribute to receiving a DFE within 6 months for participants in the tailored telephone intervention using Pearson χ2 and logistic regression analysis.ResultsParticipants in the telephone intervention who did not receive a DFE had significantly more documented steps in the behavioral process than those who did receive a DFE, and ethnic concordance of the healt...
Obesity Is Associated With Increased Complications After Operative Management of End-Stage Ankle Arthritis.

Background:Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and ankle arthrodesis (AA) are two operative options for the management of end-stage ankle arthritis that has failed conservative interventions. Obesity is associated with a greater incidence of musculoskeletal disease, particularly osteoarthritis of the weight-bearing joints, including the ankle. The objective of the present study was to use a national database to examine the association between obesity and postoperative complications after TAA and AA.Methods:The PearlDiver database was queried for patients undergoing AA and TAA using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) procedure codes. Patients were divided into obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese (body mass index <30 kg/m2) cohorts using ICD-9 codes for body mass index and obesity. Complications within 90 days postoperatively were assessed using ICD-9 and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes.Results:23,029 patients were identified from 2005 to 2011, including 5361 wit...
Advanced glycation endproduct precursor alters intracellular amyloid- β/AβPP carboxy-terminal fragment aggregation and cytotoxicity

Carbonyl stress from products of lipid peroxidation, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and products of sugars in diabetes mellitus, such as methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G), may contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested the hypothesis that these carbonyls alter the proposed central pathogenic mechanism of AD, intracellular amyloid-beta (A beta)-mediated cytotoxicity, using a human neuroblastoma cell line that conditionally expresses carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs) of the amyloid precursor protein. HNE was a potent cytotoxin, whereas G was mildly cytotoxic; cytotoxicity from each was independent of A beta/CTF expression and not altered by alpha-tocopherol. In contrast, MG cytotoxicity was enhanced by the induced expression of A beta/CTFs and suppressed by alpha-tocopherol. alpha-tocopherol cytoprotection was accompanied by decreased A beta/CTF aggregation. G also promoted beta/CTF aggregation but by mechanisms unaffected by alpha-tocopherol treatment. Our findings showed that A beta/CTF aggregation and cytotoxicity may be profoundly altered by aldehydes associated with diabetes and that in the case of MG, this process is suppressed by alpha-tocopherol. Moreover, our results suggest that while intracellular aggregation of A beta/CTFs may be necessary for the development of toxicity attributable to their expression in this model, the presence of high-molecular weight aggregated A beta/CTFs does not invariably lead to cytotoxicity.
Robust adaptive control of systems with nonlinear unmodeled dynamics

This paper presents a global adaptive nonlinear state-feedback controller with robustness in the face of nonlinear unmodeled dynamics. A novel systematic design scheme is proposed to construct desired robust adaptive controllers in which recent small gain arguments are successfully put together with the well-known backstepping procedure. Our design method can be directly extended to the tracking problem and to handle systems with unknown virtual control coefficients.
Confirmation of Obovaria olivaria, Hickorynut Mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), in the Mississagi River, Ontario, Canada

Abstract A significant and recruiting population of Obovaria olivaria (Hickorynut Mussel) was confirmed in the Mississagi River, Lake Huron drainage, ON, Canada. This large river unionid mussel is known to use Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon) and Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Shovelnose Sturgeon) as hosts. The Mississagi River is known to have a spawning Lake Sturgeon population. In 9.1 person-hours of snorkel and SCUBA searches, 10 live O. olivaria ranging in length from 36 to 79 mm, including six gravid females, were collected in sandy substrates with water depths from 1.5 to 4 m. Obovaria olivaria in the Mississagi River represent a significant range disjunction from the other extant populations in Canada in the Ottawa and St. Lawrence river drainages. As the conservation status of this rare mussel in Canada is assessed, the geographic genetic population structure and spatial extent among known areas should be studied to understand the post-glacial redistribution of the species.
Prophylactic indomethacin and intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants

OBJECTIVE: Prophylactic indomethacin reduces severe intraventricular hemorrhage but may increase spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Early feedings improve nutritional outcomes but may increase the risk of SIP. Despite their benefits, use of these therapies varies largely by physician preferences in part because of the concern for SIP. METHODS: This was a cohort study of 15 751 ELBW infants in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 1999 to 2010 who survived beyond 12 hours after birth. The risk of SIP was compared between groups of infants with and without exposure to prophylactic indomethacin and early feeding in unadjusted analyses and in analyses adjusted for center and for risks of SIP. RESULTS: Among infants exposed to prophylactic indomethacin, the risk of SIP did not differ between the indomethacin/early-feeding group compared with the indomethacin/no-early-feeding group (adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.11). The risk of SIP was lower in the indomethacin/early-feeding group compared with the no indomethacin/no-early-feeding group (adjusted RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.90, P = .0159). Among infants not exposed to indomethacin, early feeding was associated with a lower risk of SIP compared with the no early feeding group (adjusted RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36–0.777, P = .0011). CONCLUSIONS: The combined or individual use of prophylactic indomethacin and early feeding was not associated with an increased risk of SIP in ELBW infants.
Mastery Learning Benefits Low-Aptitude Students.

We tested the effects of instructional method (lecture vs. mastery) and aptitude (high, medium, low GPA levels) on students' academic performance and achievement motivation goals. Students enrolled in a developmental psychology course received either traditional lecture or mastery (Keller's Personalized System of Instruction [PSI]) instruction. PSI students ended the semester with higher final examination scores than lecture students; the difference was greatest for the lowest GPA group. Low-aptitude PSI students showed increases in learning goals over time when compared to low-aptitude lecture students. The academic performance and learning goals of PSI students with the lowest grade point averages (GPAs) approached those of lecture students with the highest GPAs.
Do thinning and/or burning treatments in western USA ponderosa or Jeffrey pine-dominated forests help restore natural fire behavior?

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of forest thinning and burning treatments on restoring fire behavior attributes in western USA pine forests. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), with co-occurring species, are adapted to a disturbance regime of frequent surface fires, but extended fire exclusion and other factors have led to historically uncharacteristically dense stands and high fuel loadings, supporting high-severity fires. Treatments to begin to reverse these changes and reduce fuel hazards have been tested experimentally and observations of wildfire behavior in treated stands have also been reported. Using a systematic review methodology, we found 54 studies with quantitative data suitable for meta-analysis. Combined treatments (thinning + burning) tended to have the greatest effect on reducing surface fuels and stand density, and raising modeled crowning and torching indices, as compared to burning or thinning alone. However, changes in canopy base height and canopy bulk density were not consistently related to treatment intensity, as measured by basal area reduction. There are a number of qualifications to the findings. First, because it is not feasible to subject treated areas to severe fire experimentally, inferences about potential fire behavior rely on imperfect modeling techniques. Second, research has not been carried uniformly over the ranges of the pine forests, although we found no significant differences in treatment effects between regions or forest types. Overall, however, meta-analysis of the literature to date strongly indicates that thinning and/or burning treatments do have effects consistent with the restoration of low-severity fire behavior.
Fold dating: A new Ar/Ar illite dating application to constrain the age of deformation in shallow crustal rocks

We propose a deformation dating method that combines XRD quantification and Ar chronology of submicroscopic illite to determine the absolute ages of folds that contain clay-bearing layers. Two folds in the frontal segment of the Mexican Fold-Thrust Belt (MFTB), which was deformed from Late Cretaceous to Eocene, are used to illustrate the method and its future potential. Variations in mineral composition, illite-polytype, crystallite-size (CS) and Ar total gas ages were analyzed in the limbs and hinge of two mesoscopic folds. This analysis examines potential effects of strain variation on illitization and the Ar isotopic system along folded layers, versus possible regional thermal overprints. The Ar total-gas ages for 9 samples in Fold 1 vary between 48.4 and 43.9 Ma. The % of 2M1 (detrital) illite vs. Ar total-gas ages tightly constrains the age of folding at 43.5 � 0.3 Ma. Nine ages from three samples in Fold 2 range from 76.2 to 62.7 Ma, which results in a folding age of 63.9 � 2.2 Ma. Both ages are in excellent agreement with more broadly constrained stratigraphic timing. The method offers a novel approach to radiometric dating of clay-bearing folds formed at very low-grade metamorphic conditions, and has the potential to constrain dates and rates of regional and local deformation along and across foreland orogenic belts.
COHERENT HEMODYNAMICS SPECTROSCOPY BASED ON A PACED BREATHING PARADIGM — REVISITED

A novel hemodynamic model has been recently introduced, which provides analytical relationships between the changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and associated changes in the tissue concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔO and ΔD) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) [S. Fantini, Neuroimage85, 202–221 (2014)]. This novel model can be applied to measurements of the amplitude and phase of induced hemodynamic oscillations as a function of the frequency of oscillation, realizing the novel technique of coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy (CHS) [S. Fantini, Neuroimage85, 202–221 (2014); M. L. Pierro et al., Neuroimage85, 222–233 (2014)]. In a previous work, we have demonstrated an in vivo application of CHS on human subjects during paced breathing [M. L. Pierro et al., Neuroimage85, 222–233 (2014)]. In this work, we present a new analysis of the collected data during paced breathing based on a slightly revised formulation of the hemodynamic model and an efficient fitting procedure. While we have initially treated all 12 model parameters as independent, we have found that, in this new implementation of CHS, the number of independent parameters is eight. In this article, we identify the eight independent model parameters and we show that our previous results are consistent with the new formulation, once the individual parameters of the earlier analysis are combined into the new set of independent parameters.
Effect of Vitamin-E Deficiency on Amount of Gonadotropin in the Anterior Pituitary of Rats.

SummaryThe gonadotrophin content of the anterior pituitary taken from vitamin-E deficient rats, 315 to 469 days of age, was determined. The weights of testes, seminal vesicles and anterior prostates of groups of male rats hypophysectoniized at 21 dtays of age and subsequently injected with suspensions of frozen-dried anterior pituitaries were compared. The testes of the hypophysecto-mized rats which received the pituitary suspension from vitamin-E deficient male or female rats were significantly heavier than those of rats which received pituitary powder from the controls. There was no difference in the weights of the seminal vesicles or anterior prostates.It is concluded that the gonadotrophin content of the anterior pituitary gland is elevated in older vitamin-E deficient male and female rats. The relationship of these findings to the changes in the gonads in vitamin-E deficiency are discussed.
Pakistan: Self-Perception, Images of History, Concept of the State

One could question the relevance of a contribution concerning Pakistan’s self-perception, understanding of history and thought about the nature of its state in a collection of articles dealing with the security constellation in South Asia. Notwithstanding the complexity of the matter under discussion, the answer is not difficult. A specific self-image and enemy image in Pakistan ab ovo led to a distinctly ideological raison d’etat. The influence these images have exercised through the education system and on internal and external policies have led to striking pre-formations of collective political behaviour that have had serious consequences for foreign and security policy. Pakistan’s external policies have therefore, for a long time, been a major factor in the security constellation in South Asia, which has been chronically tense since 1947. A further aspect with security relevance is that since the 1960s, Pakistan’s self-perception has been used by Hindu-nationalist forces in India as a justification for their own political and ideological ends. Before the BJP era, history-based revisionism was neither an element of India’s raison d’etat nor of its policy vis-a-vis Pakistan. It is an irony of history that the Hindu nationalism now ruling India marches under the same banners that India’s liberal political classes criticised so strongly in Pakistan’s policy from 1947 to 1998.
Dynamic minimization of sentential decision diagrams

The Sentential Decision Diagram (SDD) is a recently proposed representation of Boolean functions, containing Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) as a distinguished subclass. While OBDDs are characterized by total variable orders, SDDs are characterized more generally by vtrees. As both OBDDs and SDDs have canonical representations, searching for OBDDs and SDDs of minimal size simplifies to searching for variable orders and vtrees, respectively. For OBDDs, there are effective heuristics for dynamic reordering, based on locally swapping variables. In this paper, we propose an analogous approach for SDDs which navigates the space of vtrees via two operations: one based on tree rotations and a second based on swapping children in a vtree. We propose a particular heuristic for dynamically searching the space of vtrees, showing that it can find SDDs that are an order-of-magnitude more succinct than OBDDs found by dynamic reordering.
Effects of epinephrine on insulin-mediated glucose uptake in whole body and leg muscle in humans: role of blood flow.

In vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) occurs chiefly in skeletal muscle, where it is determined by the product of arteriovenous glucose difference (delta AVG) and blood flow (BF) rate into muscle. Epinephrine (Epi) reduces the rate of IMGU in whole body. To examine whether this is due to a reduction in delta AVG across or BF into skeletal muscle we constructed insulin dose-response curves for whole body IMGU and leg muscle IMGU- using euglycemic clamp ((+)[3-3H]glucose infusion) and leg balance techniques during insulin infusions ranging from 10 to 1,200 mU.m-2.min-1. We studied six subjects [wt 70 +/- 2 (SE) kg] during an Epi infusion at a single rate of 0.002 mg.kg-1.min-1 and six subjects (70 +/- 3 kg) during a saline infusion alone. Maximum whole body glucose uptake (WBGU) was similar during Epi and saline infusions [71.4 vs. 73.6 mmol.kg-1.min-1, P = not significant (NS)]. Compared with saline, maximum delta AVG was decreased during Epi infusion (1.04 vs. 1.31 mM, P less than 0.01). Compared with saline alone maximum leg BF was increased (5.3 vs. 4.3 dl/min, P less than 0.01) during Epi infusion. Thus maximum leg glucose uptake (LGU) was similar (696 vs. 821 pmol.leg-1.min-1, P = NS) during infusion of Epi and saline, respectively. Half-maximal effective dose for insulin's effect to stimulate WBGU, delta AVG, BF, and LGU was increased two- to threefold during Epi vs. saline infusions (P less than 0.01 for all values).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mediastinitis After Cardiovascular Surgery

Postoperative mediastinitis complicated 21 (3.4%) of 616 median sternotomy procedures at Beth Israel Hospital (Boston, Mass.) between 1975 and 1979. These cases were analyzed by means of a case control study to identify host and operative risk factors and to characterize the clinical features of mediastinitis. Eighteen patients with mediastinitis (86%) had serious underlying noncardiac diseases, as compared with 14 (33%) of 42 noninfected controls (P = .001). Reoperation was positively associated with infection (P = .03). All patients had abnormal sternal wounds and fever; sternal instability and mediastinal widening were unusual. Twelve patients (57%) were bacteremic. Twenty-four organisms were recovered from the 21 patients with mediastinitis; 13 of the isolates were gram-positive, and 11 were gram-negative. Infections due to gram-negative bacteria appeared earlier and were more likely to be bacteremic (70%). All gram-negative isolates and five of six isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis were resistant to the antimicrobial agent used perioperatively. Patients were treated with extensive debridement and appropriate antibiotics. The mortality rate was 24% (five of 21). Long-term complications in survivors were not seen.
Effect of UV Laser Irradiation on the properties of NiO films and ZnO/NiO Heterostructures

The present work accentuates the effect of UV laser irradiation on the conductivity of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films, deposited at various temperatures by radio-frequency reactive sputtering of Ni in oxygen containing atmosphere. The effect of UV irradiation on zinc oxide - nickel oxide heterostructures, obtained by sputtering, was examined as well. It was found that the resistivity of NiO changes from 12 Ω-cm to 0.62 Ω-cm, and the majority carrier concentration from 3.95x10 holes/cm to 4.22x10 electrons/cm . The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the ZnO/NiO heterostructure shows an improved p-n diode behavior with the forward bias current increasing for the laser-irradiated ZnO/NiO compared to the as-deposited stack. The observed improvement in diode-like behavior suggests that laser irradiation can be an important technique to controllably change the structural, electrical and optical properties of metal oxide thin films.
Direct and Conceptual Replications of Eskine (2013) Organic Food Exposure Has Little to No Effect on Moral Judgments and Prosocial Behavior

Is there a dark side to organic food? Eskine reported that participants exposed to organic food became much more morally judgmental and much less prosocial relative to participants exposed to neutral or comfort foods. This research sparked tremendous media interest, but was based on one experiment with a small sample size. We report three attempts to replicate Eskine using samples conferring high power, preregistered analysis plans, and original materials. Across two direct replications and an online conceptual replication, we found that organic food exposure has little to no effect on moral judgments (d = 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.14, 0.26], N = 377) and prosocial behavior (d = 0.03, 95% CI [−0.17, 0.23], N = 377). Mere exposure to organic food is probably not sufficient to substantially change moral behavior.
A glutaraldehyde/potassium dichromate tracing method for the localization and preservation of abdominal extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues.

The present work introduces a method for the localization in situ of the abdominal paraganglia. After treating retroperitoneal tissue blocks with a near-neutral glutaraldehyde/ potassium dichromate solution following routine glutaraldehyde perfusion, intra- and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues develop a pronounced brown color from the interaction of glutaraldehyde/potassium dichromate with amines. In this manner, visualization of the abdominal extra-adrenal chromaffin organs is enhanced at the same time that cellular ultrastructurr is preserved. Subsequent examination of the dichromate-reacted tissues with the electron microscope confirms that they represent the amine-rich paraganglia. This method offers an effective alternative to extensive sampling of plastic-embedded blocks for localizing peripheral chromaffin tissue and has been used to define the exact distribution of abdominal paraganglia in the rabbit.
A hybrid technique for electromagnetic scattering from three-dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric objects

This paper proposes a hybrid technique to analyze electromagnetic scattering problems for arbitrarily shaped 3-D inhomogeneous objects. This is done by decomposing the original problem into homogeneous sub-domains. Each sub-domain is solved independently using an appropriate method and the mutual coupling effects among the sub-domains are taken into account through an iterative process.
Appliation of SUMIF and DSUM of EXCEL in Analyzing the Data of Schistosomiasis

Objective To assess and evaluate the effect of the schistosomiasis prevention and control program after two years of implementation Jingzhou City, and compare the indexes of prevalence of different endemic villages. Method Excel database for 453 sample villages was established. SUMIF or DSUM function of Excel was used to categorize and summing of the disease indicators of illness and snail situationof different villages. Result Using SUMIF or DSUM function of Excel, the sum of different pevallience indicators of Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ types of villages of foundation year and examination year were calculated. Conclusion Using SUMIF or DSUM functions of Excel,is efficient and convenient for the statistical analyze of schistosomiasis data.
IPv6 Transition Technology and Strategy Supporting Distribution Network and Demand Side of Smart Grid

For distribution network and demand side of smart grid,the transition to IPv6 will be the trend and IPv4 to IPv6 transition be a long process.So it is necessary to research on IPv6 transition technology and strategy supporting distribution network and demand side of smart grid.According to the actual situation,dual stack technology,tunneling technology,protocol conversion(NAT-PT)technology as a transition to IPv6 technologies can be chosen.The scalability,security,performance,demand,application scenarios and the application phase and other factors are concerned about.The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 can be divided into four stages,including IPv6 island,IPv4 network and IPv6 networks coexist,IPv4 island and IPv6 network dominate the world.Protection of existing investments,independence,network flexibility,reliability and stability is a transitional strategy issues to be considered.Throughout the transition period,application systems of distribution network and demand side of smart grid used should be noted that the operating system chosen to support dual stack.For the terminal of distribution network and demand side of smart grid,the user should pay attention to domain names control and dual-stack hosts support.For the data transmission network should pay attention to interoperability technology.
Brain-tissue accumulation of fluorescent age pigments in four poeciliid fishes (cyprinodontiformes) and the estimation of biological age

The concept of an intrinsic "biological age" or "physiological age" is very important in comparative ecological and evolutionary studies, but its implementation has been problematic. Although many authors have discussed the importance of intrinsic measures of age over the past 75 years, only Reiss (1989 ) has proposed an operational definition in terms of cumulative metabolism; however, Reiss' measure cannot be easily applied to assessing the age of individual organisms. Measurement of the level of accumulation of fluorescent age pigments (particularly lipofuscins) in post-mitotic tissues, which seems to occur at a rate proportional to cumulative metabolism, in principle provides a mechanism for estimating the biological age of individual organisms. This study has shown that brain-tissue FAP levels vary in direct proportion to chronological age and body size within four species of poeciliid fishes, and has documented interspecific differences in rate of accumulation of fluorescent age pigments, differences that seem to be a function of the degrees of relatedness. Rather than proposing that FAP level by itself be used as a measure of biological age, however, I propose that it be used in conjunction with other estimates, such as chronological age and body size, to derive a composite "age factor."
The transformation of partisan rhetoric in American presidential campaigns, 1952–2012:

What are the dynamics of partisan rhetoric in presidential campaigns? (How) has presidential candidate partisanship changed over time? Analyzing a comprehensive dataset of party-related statements ...
EPR and Electron Microscopy Study of the Influenza a M2 Transmembrane Domain Assembly and Drug Response

The M2 proton channel is essential to the influenza a virus life cycle. This single-pass helical membrane protein, which assembles in a tetramer, is a target for anti-influenza pharmacological development. The study of M2 is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms by which drugs inhibit its function and is also important in the more general context of protein-drug interactions.We report on the structural response of the M2 trans-membrane domain (M2TMD) C-terminal to amantadine drug binding at pH 5.5, i.e. at conditions close to those in endosomes where the M2 channel is active. We applied EPR spectroscopy and electron microscopy to the M2TMD core peptide extended with N- and C-terminus flanking residues, (M2TMD21-49). For purposes of this study, the peptide was labeled at position 46 using either nitroxide spin-label or nanogold particles and reconstituted into 85:15 mol% DOPC:POPS membranes, either with or without the addition of amantadine. To determine the oligomerization state, we analyzed the concentration dependence of double electron-electron resonance (DEER) data from spin-labeled samples prepared using peptide-to-lipid molar ratios (P/L) ranging from 1:160 to 1:18,800. We found that amantadine enhances M2TMD21-49 self-association. Moreover, binding of amantadine shortens inter-spin distances between protomers by 5-8 A. These large drug-induced structural changes are associated with M2TMD C-terminal pore closure and M2-channel inactivation. Additionally, continuous-wave EPR spectra analysis revealed increased ordering in the spin-label motional dynamics, pointing to local restructuring caused by compacting conformational changes. The electron microscopy images from samples with P/L of 1:10,000 clearly show the presence of monomers, dimers and tetramers of M2TMD21-49 in the presence and absence of amantadine, thereby supporting the model based on an intermediate strongly-bound dimeric state that emerged from our DEER study of the M2-channel assembly pathway.