cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Successes in Changing Flexible Work Arrangement Use: Managers and Work-Unit Variation in a Financial Services Organization

This study identifies factors associated with flexible work arrangement (FWA) use in the context of the “Supervisor-Promoted Flexibility” program implemented by an employer in the financial activities supersector. This change initiative involved supervisor-initiated discussions that explored prospects for supervisee FWA use. Discussions increased the odds of FWA use expansion, but changes occurred at different rates among work units. Managers’ gender, age, and attitudes toward FWAs corresponded with changes observed. When managers believed that supervisee FWA use reflected favorably on prospects for their own careers, they were more likely to expand use over time.
Design of GPS-based Longitudinal Difference Protection of Current in Multi-terminal Circuit

A GPS -based new digital phase -split current differential protection hardware scheme is suggested together with better anti -interference measures to provide current differential protection for multi -terminal circuits. GPS timing technique is used to realize remote multi -terminal synchronized sampling thereby enhancing the reliability of longitudinal difference protection of current.
Investigation and control scheme of tuberculosis accompanied with diabetes mellitus among the floating population

Objective To investigate and prevalence the incidence of tuberculosis accompanied with diabetes mellitus among the floating population. Methods Eighty-nine tuberculosis patients complicated with diabetes mellitus were di-vided into local household registration group and floating population groups. Compared two groups of patients with ages distribution, awareness rate of diabetes mellitus etc. Results The awareness rate of diabetes in local tuberculosis patients complicated with diabetes is far higher than the floating population. The sputum smear negative were higher than the abnormal blood glucose test results. Conclusion The age of onset of the floating population tuberculosis patients complicated with diabetes mainly concentrated in the period of youth and with low rate awareness of diabetes. We should step up publicity efforts and care, ensuring that patients receive timely and effective treatment.
A Brief Exposition on Confucian Temple and Cultural Exchange Between Fujian and Taiwan

Confucian temple is the embodiment of confucian culture.The building process of confucian temple in Fujian and Taiwan,reflects the propagation process of confucianism in Fujian and Taiwan.Quanzhou confucian temple is the first one of confucian temples in Fujian Province.In the succeeding years of the Ming and Qing dynasties,cultural exchange of confucian temple between Quanzhou and Taiwan communicates the emotion of cross strait people,and inherits Chinese excellent traditional culture.
Changes of Blood Levels of Gastrin,Motilin and Insulinoid Growth Factor-1 in Critical Children with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Objective To investigate the changes of blood levels of gastrin(GAS),motilin(MTL) and insulinoid growth factor-1(IGF-1) in critical children with multiple organ disfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods The levels of GAS,MTL and IGF-1 in 50 critically ill children and 30 children without critical illness were detected.The control group consisted of 30 health children.All serum or plasma levels of GAS,MTL and IGF-1 were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results The serum or plasma levels of GAS,MTL and IGF-1 were significantly higher in critically ill children than those in uncritically ill children and control group(F=49.61,55.18,18.23 all (P0.001).) The levels of GAS,MTL and IGF-1 in gastrointestinal dysfunction group were higher than those of children without gastrointestinal dysfunction group(t=4.455,4.241,2.672 all P0.001).Compared with 2 organs dysfunction in critically ill children,the levels of MTL and IGF-1 were significantly higher in 4 organs dysfunction in critically ill children.However,there were no significant difference in plasma levels of GAS.Significant decrease of serum or plasma levels of GAS,MTL and IGF-1were observed in critically ill children after therapy(t=3.232,4.352,4.706 all P0.001).Conclusions The serum or plasma of GAS,MTL and(IGF-1) were heavily involved in development of critical,and related to onset of gastrointestinal dysfunction and MODS.So,monitoring GAS,MTL and(IGF-1) might have guiding value on assessment of severity of benefit for treatment.
Effect of storage on sulfhydryl and disulfide groups of human platelets.

Free sulfhydryl and disulfide groups of an acid-soluble and acid-precipitable fraction and of isolated plasma membranes were quantified in fresh and stored human platelets. Fresh platelets contained 26.6 x 10-8 moles of total thiols including free sulfhydryl and disulfide groups per 109 cells. One-third of these thiols were present as disulfides. Acid-soluble thiols accounted for one-tenth of the total platelet thiols. Storage of platelets produced a reduction in the level of acid-soluble sulfhydryl and disulfide groups which was rapid during the first 24 hr and was precipitous in platelets stored at 22°C. Free sulfhydryl groups of the acid-precipitable fraction and of isolated platelet membranes showed a relatively rapid decrease during the first 24 hr of storage and declined thereafter very slowly. The disulfide levels of these cell fractions showed a reciprocal increase which complemented the fall in the number of free sulfhydryl groups. The storage temperature did not significantly influence these changes in protein thiols and disulfides. The coincidence of loss of platelet functions and of severe decrease in the level of free sulfhydryl groups during platelet storage at room temperature may suggest a cause-effect relationship between the two.
Stackhouse’s Critical Realism: A Pragmatic Epistemology on the Lam

Apparently Stackhouse does not make empty promises and I take this symposium to be a critical celebration of the full-fledged Christian epistemology found in Need to Know: Following Christ in the Real World (2014). Stackhouse has provided a realist epistemology as indebted to Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff as his ethics are indebted to Reinhold Niebuhr. It is an epistemology that is socially-located1 and yet does not give up on the claim that humans have “reliable access to reality” (86). It is an epistemology that—in a continual pentalectic (five-sided conversation)—draws on experience, tradition, scholarship, art, and Scripture through intuition, imagination, and reason. In all, it attempts to strike a balance between expecting too much or too little from human rationality (135). Glibly, one might say that if you are like Goldilocks, lost in the forest of epistemology, this may just be the porridge that is neither too hot nor too cold. There is indeed much to celebrate in Need to Know and I want to give more than lip service to this recognition. In order to do so, however, I will need to begin to explain my subtitle.
S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase 3 Is Important for Pollen Tube Growth

S-Adenosylmethionine is widely used in a variety of biological reactions and participates in the methionine (Met) metabolic pathway. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the four S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genes, METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE3 (MAT3), is highly expressed in pollen. Here, we show that mat3 mutants have impaired pollen tube growth and reduced seed set. Metabolomics analyses confirmed that mat3 pollen and pollen tubes overaccumulate Met and that mat3 pollen has several metabolite profiles, such as those of polyamine biosynthesis, which are different from those of the wild type. Additionally, we show that disruption of Met metabolism in mat3 pollen affected transfer RNA and histone methylation levels. Thus, our results suggest a connection between metabolism and epigenetics.
Echocardiography in the Critically Ill

Echocardiography is a valuable tool in the assessment of critically ill patients in the ICU, and may result in interventions that reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. In this chapter, the echocardiographic evaluation of common critical care scenarios in the surgical ICU is reviewed, including hypotension, hypovolemic and septic shock, right ventricular failure, pulmonary embolism, pericardial tamponade, endocarditis, and aortic dissection.
A case of isolated renal involvement of polyarteritis nodosa successfully treated with steroid monotherapy

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotising vasculitis that affects medium-sized and small-sized arteries. The spectrum of disease ranges from involving a single organ to polyvisceral failure. We report a case of a 75-year-old male presented with solely hypertension and mild renal function impairment as a consequence of diffuse renal necrotising vasculitis with occlusive but non-stenotic lesions associated with PAN. The overall prognosis of PAN has been improved in recent decades, primarily reflecting early diagnosis and more effective treatments. Therefore, early diagnosis is critical and it warrants full investigations even in those patients without obvious multiorgan manifestations. In those instances, with mild disease, steroid monotherapy has been shown to be effective with excellent response. Our patient responded well to steroid monotherapy and we were able to gauge his response by improvement in his blood pressure.
Pharmacy workload benchmarking: Establishing a health-system outpatient infusion productivity metric.

Background and objectivesCurrent productivity assessment models lack the ability to measure the quality of pharmacy services through workload validation. The goal of our efforts was to create a mod...
Tuning pulsars to listen in on massive galaxies

Orbiting supermassive black holes in the centres of nearby galaxies contribute to a gravitational-wave background over the whole sky. Networks of millisecond pulsars are sensitive to this signal. Creating maps of this background using information from known galaxies can help us to project when (and how) we may observe it.
Topographic Expressions of Large Thrust Faults on Mars.

On planets with little erosion, thrust faults produce broad, asymmetric, positive-relief, linear to arcuate ridges -often referred to as lobate scarps- that remain largely unaltered, such that their topographic expressions are a measure of the structural uplift caused by the displacement and associated country-rock deformation of the faults. Here we map and systematically assess the structural relief of 24 thrust faults across Mars to infer their growth behavior. Our mapping indicates that the majority of individual thrust faults have simple, linear map traces with lengths of up to ~450 km, but that some thrust faults form systems of up to 1400 km in length. For the most topographically pronounced landforms, the structural relief developed above the fault is as great as ~3400 m. We then relate topographic measurements to the displacement on the underlying fault planes to study the displacement variations along the fault length. We find a variety of displacement distribution shapes of the fault systems, which we attribute to differences in fault growth that include unrestricted and restricted growth, linkage, and/or fault interaction. Finally, we relate the maximum displacements (Dmax ) determined for each of the faults to their respective fault length (L) to establish a maximum displacement-to-length relationship. The observed scaling characteristics and order-of-magnitude scatter of our Dmax/L data are not uncommon for fault populations on Earth and tie in well with the map patterns, tectonic geomorphology, and systematic along-strike displacement distributions to have grown in a basement-block faulting style found in intra-plate tectonic settings on Earth.
Diagnostic Performance of a Molecular Test versus Clinician Assessment of Vaginitis

Vaginitis is a common complaint, diagnosed either empirically or using Amsel's criteria and wet mount microscopy. This study sought to determine characteristics of an investigational test (a molecular test for vaginitis), compared to reference, for detection of bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis Vaginal specimens from a cross-sectional study were obtained from 1,740 women (≥18 years old), with vaginitis symptoms, during routine clinic visits (across 10 sites in the United States). Specimens were analyzed using a commercial PCR/fluorogenic probe-based investigational test that detects bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis Clinician diagnosis and in-clinic testing (Amsel's test, potassium hydroxide preparation, and wet mount) were also employed to detect the three vaginitis causes. All testing methods were compared to the respective reference methods (Nugent Gram stain for bacterial vaginosis, detection of the Candida gene its2, and Trichomonas vaginalis culture). The investigational test, clinician diagnosis, and in-clinic testing were compared to reference methods for bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis The investigational test resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than clinician diagnosis or in-clinic testing. In addition, the investigational test showed a statistically higher overall percent agreement with each of the three reference methods than did clinician diagnosis or in-clinic testing. The investigational test showed significantly higher sensitivity for detecting vaginitis, involving more than one cause, than did clinician diagnosis. Taken together, these results suggest that a molecular investigational test can facilitate accurate detection of vaginitis.
Sigma- versus Pi-Dimerization Modes of Triangulene.

We show that the diradicaloid triangulene, a graphene nano-flake molecule, can aggregate in a variety of dimerization modes. We found by density functional theory modeling a number of triangulene dimers including six doubly bonded σ-dimers in addition to the previously reported six pancake bonded π-dimer isomers. The σ-dimers display a wide range of stabilities: the interaction energy of the most stable σ-dimer is -25.17 kcal mol-1 . Besides the doubly bonded σ-dimers with closed shell ground states, we also found an open-shell singly σ-bonded diradicaloid dimer. We found an interesting isomerization route between a doubly bonded σ-dimer, a singly bonded σ-dimer with a low-lying triplet state and two π-bonded dimers with low-lying quintet states. Derivatives of triangulene, trioxo-triangulenes (TOTs) have been previously characterized experimentally. Here, we show the reasons why so far only the π-dimer but not the σ-dimer was experimentally observed for all TOTs.
Song Learning: Innate Species Differences in the Learning Process

Normal song development results from the interaction of auditory information that is learned and stored, with central motor programs and auditory templates that are innately different from species to species. Learning is selective and based on a process of stimulus-triggered cue storage. A new model of the auditory storage process is presented. Auditory templates are postulated for detecting species-specific vocal signals, storing them, and using them specifically to guide vocal development by auditory feedback. The templates are of two kinds, active and latent. Lacking species-specific auditory stimulation, some templates remain latent and uninvolved in song development, hence the abnormality of song in birds reared in isolation. When activated, the templates provide the basis for memorizing learned songs and converting them into motor patterns by auditory feedback.
Using wireless technology to facilitate learning: A grounded theory approach

Wireless technology has advanced significantly in recent years and has shown great potential and promise for use in education. To better understand the use of wireless technology in education, this research adopted a grounded theory approach to explore how students use wireless technology to support and facilitate their learning. We collected data by interviewing students regarding their experience and opinions of using wireless technology for education. The data were analyzed following the procedures of grounded theory: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. By analyzing transcripts from the interviews, concepts and categories were segmented, and linkages between categories were identified. A substantive model depicting students’ use of mobile technology to support learning was then developed, which shows the causal conditions, context conditions, actions/interactions, and consequences. Based on the model, propositions were presented and discussed. The results of this research not only help to develop a theoretical foundation for future research, but also serve as guidelines for educators and administrators in designing and formulating specific strategies for introducing wireless technology in educational settings.
Proliferation of cultured human astrocytoma cells in response to an oxidant and antioxidant.

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in initiation, promotion and progression of several (lung, skin, colon, bladder, breast) tumors is well-documented. Indirect evidence for ROS involvement in tumor proliferation is provided by numerous in vivo and in vitro studies that show antioxidants inhibit tumor proliferation. However, despite strong epidemiological and experimental support for ROS involvement in brain tumor proliferation, to date little is known about the role of ROS in brain tumor promotion at a cellular level. In the present study ROS involvement in proliferation of a cultured, human astrocytoma cell line (U373-MG) was tested by studying effects of an oxidant (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), and an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) on astrocytoma on proliferation of these cultured cells. Proliferation was assessed by evaluating changes in cell counts and DNA synthesis. Results from these experiments clearly indicate that NAC inhibits tumor cell proliferation and DNA synthesis induced by both serum and H2O2 (10−5 M). NAC alone did not have any significant effects on the proliferation of serum-starved cells. Thus, ROS are capable of inducing proliferation in cultured astrocytoma cells and antioxidants block ROS- and serum-induced proliferation. Further investigation using primary cultures and animal models will be needed to substantiate the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in future brain tumor therapy.
Optimal Target Capture Strategies in the Target-Attacker-Defender Differential Game

A zero-sum differential game with three players, a Target, an Attacker, and a Defender is considered. The Attacker pursues the Target aircraft. The Defender strives to intercept the Attacker before it reaches the aircraft. The two termination set differential game is analyzed in this paper. The players' optimal state feedback strategies for the case where the Attacker is able to capture the Target despite the presence of the Defender are derived. It is also shown how these results mesh with the previously obtained strategies of active target defense in order to obtain the complete solution of this two termination set differential game.
Identification of Two Regulators of Virulence That Are Conserved in Klebsiella pneumoniae Classical and Hypervirulent Strains

ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae is widely recognized as a pathogen with a propensity for acquiring antibiotic resistance. It is capable of causing a range of hospital-acquired infections (urinary tract infections [UTI], pneumonia, sepsis) and community-acquired invasive infections. The genetic heterogeneity of K. pneumoniae isolates complicates our ability to understand the virulence of K. pneumoniae. Characterization of virulence factors conserved between strains as well as strain-specific factors will improve our understanding of this important pathogen. The MarR family of regulatory proteins is widely distributed in bacteria and regulates cellular processes such as antibiotic resistance and the expression of virulence factors. Klebsiella encodes numerous MarR-like proteins, and they likely contribute to the ability of K. pneumoniae to respond to and survive under a wide variety of environmental conditions, including those present in the human body. We tested loss-of-function mutations in all the marR homologues in a murine pneumonia model and found that two (kvrA and kvrB) significantly impacted the virulence of K1 and K2 capsule type hypervirulent (hv) strains and that kvrA affected the virulence of a sequence type 258 (ST258) classical strain. In the hv strains, kvrA and kvrB mutants displayed phenotypes associated with reduced capsule production, mucoviscosity, and transcription from galF and manC promoters that drive expression of capsule synthesis genes. In contrast, kvrA and kvrB mutants in the ST258 strain had no effect on capsule gene expression or capsule-related phenotypes. Thus, KvrA and KvrB affect virulence in classical and hv strains but the effect on virulence may not be exclusively due to effects on capsule production. IMPORTANCE In addition to having a reputation as the causative agent for hospital-acquired infections as well as community-acquired invasive infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae has gained widespread attention as a pathogen with a propensity for acquiring antibiotic resistance. Due to the rapid emergence of carbapenem resistance among K. pneumoniae strains, a better understanding of virulence mechanisms and identification of new potential drug targets are needed. This study identified two novel regulators (KvrA and KvrB) of virulence in K. pneumoniae and demonstrated that their effect on virulence in invasive strains is likely due in part to effects on capsule production (a major virulence determinant) and hypermucoviscosity. KvrA also impacts the virulence of classical strains but does not appear to affect capsule gene expression in this strain. KvrA and KvrB are conserved among K. pneumoniae strains and thus could regulate capsule expression and virulence in diverse strains regardless of capsule type.
Self-help Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Improves Health-Related Quality of Life for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often have poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) and are at risk for anxiety and depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help patients with IBD cope with their disease. Unfortunately, barriers to care include expense and availability of qualified therapists. Stand-alone, self-help CBT could improve access to care. This study examined the effectiveness of a self-help CBT workbook for patients with IBD. A randomized controlled trial compared the CBT workbook to an active psychoeducational control workbook. A total of 140 participants enrolled. In both groups, scores improved on a range of measures, including catastrophizing, visceral sensitivity, and HRQL, although pre-post effect sizes were generally larger in the CBT group. Only participants in the CBT group experienced significant improvements in anxiety and depression. Improvements were generally maintained or consolidated at 3-month follow-up. Self-help CBT can be an effective and inexpensive way to improve HRQL for patients with IBD.
Catalyst-Free Regioselective N2 Arylation of 1,2,3-Triazoles Using Diaryl Iodonium Salts

The widespread application of 1,2,3-triazoles in pharmaceuticals has resulted in substantial interest toward developing efficient postmodification methods. Whereas there are many postmodification methods available to obtain N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, developing a selective and convenient protocol to synthesize N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles has been challenging. We report a catalyst-free and regioselective method to access N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles in good to excellent yields (66–97%). This scalable postmodification protocol is effective for a wide range of substrates.
Cluster-Based Visualization for Merger Tree Data: The Challenge of Missing Expectations

Scientific simulations are yielding increasing amounts of data; to visualize the full output from a simulation, one must first reduce clutter and obstruction. Clustering algorithms are common tools for condensing information and decreasing clutter when analyzing and visualizing simulation output. Often, simulation data have intuitive groupings. In some cases, though, such as merger trees from N-body dark matter simulations, there are limited expectations for clustering results. We investigate cluster-based visualization design for merger tree data, testing whether multidimensional encodings and opening the "black box" can allow for meaningful representation and exploration of these data.
Lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy in a dog arising from two distinct lymphoid neoplasms

A 10-year-old intact male Golden Retriever was presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for acute, non-painful facial swelling of the right mandibular region. On physical examination, the right mandibular swelling was found to represent marked lymphadenopathy of the submandibular lymph node. At this time, marked lymphadenopathy of the prescapular and popliteal lymph nodes was also appreciated. The CBC showed a moderate leukocytosis (38.4 × 109 cells/L, reference interval [RI] 4.8-13.9 × 109 cells/L) characterized by a moderate lymphocytosis (28.4 × 109 cells/L, RI 1.0-4.6 × 109 cells/L). Evaluation of peripheral blood and enlarged prescapular and popliteal lymph nodes revealed two morphologically different populations of homogeneous lymphocytes, with the lymphocyte population in the lymph nodes being distinct from that in the blood smear. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood revealed CD45-, CD5+, CD4-, CD8-, variably CD21+ neoplastic lymphocytes compatible with T-zone lymphocytes due to the absence of CD45 expression. Flow cytometry of the lymph node aspirate indicated a distinct population of CD21+ lymphocytes consistent with a B-cell phenotype along with a smaller proportion of the T-zone lymphocytes observed in the blood confirming the presence of two distinct populations of neoplastic lymphocytes, one involving T cells, and the other involving B cells.
The Botfly, A Tropical Menace: A Distinctive Myiasis Caused by Dermatobia hominis

Dermatobia hominis, also known as the human botfly, is native to tropical and subtropical Central and South America and seen in travelers from endemic to temperate regions including the United States and Europe. Cutaneous infestation botfly myiasis involves the development of D. hominis larvae in the skin and is common in tropical locations. The distinct appearance of a cutaneous D. hominis infestation facilitates early diagnosis and intervention where cases are common. However, the identification of D. hominis in temperate regions may prove challenging due to its rarity. D. hominis may be misdiagnosed as folliculitis, an epidermal cyst, or an embedded foreign object with secondary impetigo. One should have a heightened suspicion in someone returning from a vacation in an endemic area, such as Belize. Here we describe the presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment and encourage enhanced preventative measures among tourists when visiting tropical and subtropical regions. Additionally, we propose a novel classification system for assessing the various stages of infestation and suggest that patients reporting travel to Latin America and experiencing pain disproportionate to an insect bite should lead physicians to consider myiasis caused by D. hominis.
Deconstructing hyper-selectivity: Are thesocioeconomic attainments of second-generation Asian Americans only due totheir class background?

Recent studies by Jennifer Lee and Min Zhou claim that “hyper-selectivity” is the primary causal factor accounting for the high average educational attainment of second-generation Asian Americans. ...
Vascular Calcification in Homozygote Familial Hypercholesterolemia

In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , Awan and coworkers1 describe the study of 25 homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) patients aged 5 to 54 years. Eighteen of the patients had aortic calcification scores >1000. The inference of this study is a strong linkage between homozygous FH and premature aortic calcification. Bazan et al2 have recently described the age dependence of aortic calcification (Agatston units): 12.6±12.3 for <50 years, 14.6±8.2 for 50 to 59 years; 276±120 for 60 to 69 years, 1382±366 for 70 to 79 years, and 3889±778 for 80 years. Hence most of the elevated calcification observed in the Awan cohort is not attributable to age and may …
Pharmacologic Considerations for Opioid Use in Kidney Disease.

Summary: Individuals with kidney disease have a high prevalence of chronic noncancer pain. Although opioids are not a recommended treatment option for chronic noncancer pain in the general population, a higher percentage of individuals with kidney disease receive opioid prescriptions for chronic pain. Individuals with kidney disease have an increased risk for opioid adverse events because of changes related to kidney disease progression, normative aging, and the pharmacology of opioid medications. Despite the frequent prescription of opioids for chronic noncancer pain among those with kidney disease, there are no guidelines for opioid management in this population. This article reviews the pharmacologic challenges of opioid use in relation to the physiologic changes occurring in kidney disease and normative aging. We highlight how understanding opioid pharmacology and human physiology can support safe practices of opioid management in patients with kidney disease who require opioids for chronic noncancer pain.
Relative Importance of High-Latitude Local and Long-Range Transported Dust to Arctic Ice Nucleating Particles and Impacts on Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds

Abstract. Dust particles, serving as ice nucleating particles (INPs), may impact the Arctic surface energy budget and regional climate by modulating the mixed-phase cloud properties and lifetime. In addition to long-range transport from low latitude deserts, dust particles in the Arctic can originate from local sources. However, the importance of high latitude dust (HLD) as a source of Arctic INPs (compared to low latitude dust (LLD)) and its effects on Arctic mixed-phase clouds are overlooked. In this study, we evaluate the contribution to Arctic dust loading and INP population from HLD and six LLD source regions by implementing a source-tagging technique for dust aerosols in version 1 of the US Department of Energy’s Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). Our results show that HLD is responsible for 30.7 % of the total dust burden in the Arctic, whereas LLD from Asia and North Africa contribute 44.2 % and 24.2 %, respectively. Due to its limited vertical transport as a result of stable boundary layers, HLD contributes more in the lower troposphere, especially in boreal summer and autumn when the HLD emissions are stronger. LLD from North Africa and East Asia dominates the dust loading in the upper troposphere with peak contributions in boreal spring and winter. The modeled INP concentrations show a better agreement with both ground and aircraft INP measurements in the Arctic when including HLD INPs. The HLD INPs are found to induce a net cooling effect (−0.24 W m−2 above 60° N) on the Arctic surface downwelling radiative flux by changing the cloud phase of the Arctic mixed-phase clouds. The magnitude of this cooling is larger than those induced by North African and East Asian dust (0.08 and −0.06 W m−2, respectively), mainly due to different seasonalities of HLD and LLD. Uncertainties of this study are discussed, which highlights the importance of further constraining the HLD emissions.
Novel Therapies for Follicular Lymphoma and Other Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.

The field of lymphoma oncology is becoming increasingly complex as we transition into the personalized medicine era. Not only are more treatment options becoming available, but lymphomas are being further subclassified with nearly 100 subtypes in the most recent World Health Organization classification [1]. One of the main challenges in iNHL is the absence of identified predictive markers to aide in treatment selection and sequencing. Although chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) remains the preferred frontline option for most patients with FL requiring therapy, there is interest in shifting towards chemotherapy-free approaches. Marginal zone lymphoma subtypes are more variable, with the radiation therapy or rituximab monotherapy as the preferred frontline approach for extranodal (EMZL) and splenic (SMZL), and rituximab monotherapy or CIT the favored approach for treatment-naive nodal marginal zone (NMZL). A continued challenge in the frontline treatment of iNHL in patients with iNHL is the lack of predictive and prognostic markers that can identify those at increased risk of poor outcomes. The FL international prognostic index (FLIPI), FLIPI-2, and m7-FLIPI consider clinical and/or molecular features to help risk-stratify patients; however, significant heterogeneity remains among patients in various risk groups and these prognostic scores have different implications if applied to a patient treated with CIT versus a chemotherapy-free approach [2–4]. In the frontline setting, we are still unable to accurately identify patients at increased risk for early relapse, such as progression of disease within 2 years of frontline CIT (POD24), which remains an area of unmet need. Once these patients can be identified prior to starting therapy, novel approaches can be explored in an attempt to change the natural history of disease for these patients. In the relapsed or refractory (R/R) setting, CIT may be appropriate for a minority of patients, but a targeted approach is preferred for most. From June 2020 through March 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for three new targeted therapies in R/R FL and one for R/R MZL. Chemotherapy-free options in R/R FL now include lenalidomide-based therapy, four different phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, tazemetostat, and anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. It has become clear that responses to targeted therapies are different among iNHL subtypes, and options for R/R MZL differ significantly from R/R FL. For example, ibrutinib is active across most iNHL subtypes and FDA-approved for R/R MZL, SLL, WM, and R/R MCL but due to disappointing efficacy is not approved in FL (Table ​(Table1,1, Figure ​Figure11). Table 1 Targeted therapies in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas
A Bachelor of Arts in Computer Programming

A degree program for a Bachelor of Arts in Computer Programming is presented. Some highlights of the effort to establish this program at the University of California at Santa Cruz are discussed. Special attention is given to the difficulty academic institutions have in coping with the conflicting demands for liberal arts and vocational emphasis in education.
The Origin of German Tragic Drama

Walter Benjamin is widely acknowledged as amongst the greatest literary critics of this century, and The Origin of German Tragic Drama is his most sustained and original work. Indeed, Georg Lukacs - one of the most trenchant opponents of Benjamin's aesthetics - singled out this work as one of the main sources of literary modernism in the twentieth century. The Origin of German Tragic Drama begins with a general theoretical introduction on the nature of the baroque art of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, concentrating on the peculiar stage-form of the royal martyr dramas called Trauerspiel. Benjamin also comments on the engravings of Durer, and the theatre of Shakespeare and Calderon. Baroque tragedy, he argues, was distinguished from classical tragedy by its shift from myth into history. The characteristic atmosphere of the Trauerspiel was consequently 'melancholy'. The emblems of baroque allegory point to the extinct values of a classical world that they can never attain or repeat. Their suggestive power, however, remains to haunt subsequent cultures, down to this century.
The geography of taste: analyzing cell-phone mobility and social events

This paper deals with the analysis of crowd mobility during special events. We analyze nearly 1 million cell-phone traces and associate their destinations with social events. We show that the origins of people attending an event are strongly correlated to the type of event, with implications in city management, since the knowledge of additive flows can be a critical information on which to take decisions about events management and congestion mitigation.
A paleogeographic approach to aerosol prescription in simulations of deep time climate

[1] Aerosols have important effects on the Earth's radiative balance and are normally included in simulations of present day climate. For simulations of present day or recent past climates, observational information can be used to constrain spatiotemporal variability in aerosol loading. For the deep past, aerosol changes are generally ignored. Here we describe how to use the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4), standard boundary conditions for a deep time climate simulation, and pre-industrial emissions information to generate a “paleogeographic” aerosol prescription. This prescription is then applied to a previously published simulation of the Late Permian (251 Ma) to evaluate the how the model climate is affected by the new aerosol prescription relative to the aerosol distribution originally imposed. The new aerosol prescription results in a broadly warmer and wetter climate with a somewhat stronger Pangaean monsoon. Using spatiotemporally varying and speciated aerosol is equivalent to reducing the optical depth of a uniform background aerosol with sulfate-like properties by ∼30–50%.
Some Forward Looking Thoughts on Studying Climate Adaptation for an Uncertain Future—A Postscript Editorial Comment

This postscript highlights questions that are particularly germane for thinking about how to use modern, state of the art investigations of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability to advance a broader decision-supporting research agenda. They are drawn from the fundamental conclusion from the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—“Responding to climate change involves an iterative risk management process that includes both adaptation and mitigation . . . .” They are: 1 How do we mainstream climate adaptation into decision-making with multiple stresses? 2 Are we now at a juncture where we can begin to calibrate the value of mitigation over the short to medium term? 3 How do we know, as is often claimed, that adaptive capacity will be overwhelmed by unabated climate change? 4 What does “iterative” mean in practice? This collection of essays might show the way so that, in 5 or 10 years time, we have better answers.
The Role of NGOs in International Treaty-Making

This essay, forthcoming in the Oxford Guide to Treaties, surveys the role of NGOs in treatymaking. It asks four key questions. First, what roles do NGOs play today in treaty processes, and how have these roles changed? Second, what explains the increased prominence of NGOs? Third, are NGOs a salutary addition to treatymaking or illegitimate special interests? And finally, Four, what is the broader significance of NGO activity for international law and international order? NGOs are clearly important players in treatymaking today. But their roles remain, to a large degree, circumscribed and controlled by states. Indeed, NGO participation is frequently useful to governments and the rules and practices regulating their participation in treaties reflect this often symbiotic relationship. And at the most fundamental level, the presence of NGOs in contemporary treatymaking and implementation- which for brevity I will refer to as treaty processes- is a sign of the expansion of the domain of treatymaking. As international law has increasingly expanded its substantive ambit, it has come to govern more and more of what has traditionally been thought to fall within the sphere of national law. In turn, the process of international lawmaking has come to resemble the process of national lawmaking. Like lobbyists in national capitals, NGOs tell us where governing power is; increasingly, that power rests at the international level.
The ethics of prescription of placebos to patients with major depressive disorder.

A placebo is usually defined as a pharmacologically inert preparation prescribed more for the mental relief of the patient than for its actual effect on a disorder.[1] Placebos have been shown to be effective for patient treatment in surgery,[2] cardiology,[3] psychiatry,[4] primary care.[5] In recent years, it has also been considered for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)[6] as well. This is because anti-depressants used to optimize outcomes[7] in MDD have numerous adverse side effects and can be financially expensive for use while placebos have been reported to help patients with MDD without the high costs. However, the use of placebos faces ethical challenges which may limit its use. This article hopes to illustrate these challenges using the ethical model which consists of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice[8] to allow clinicians to inform the decision of using placebos for the treatment of MDD in patients.
The Internationalization of Corporate R&D and the Automotive Industry R&D of East‐Central Europe

This article examines the development of corporate research and development (R&D) in the automotive industry of East-Central Europe (ECE) in the context of the internationalization of corporate R&D generally and the automotive industry R&D specifically. Driven by large inflows of foreign direct investment since the early 1990s, vehicle assembly and the production of automotive components grew significantly in ECE. In my study I investigated the extent to which these increases in production have also led to the development of automotive R&D as an example of a higher value-added function of the automotive value chain. I conducted a more detailed analysis of Czech automotive R&D because of its prominent position in ECE. Despite modest growth, my analysis uncovered inherent weaknesses of automotive R&D in ECE and strong barriers to its future development related to its peripheral position in the European and global automotive production networks.
The Development and Transfer of a New No-Tillage Technology

A new no-tillage opener (Cross S1otTM) is described. It creates a horizontal rather than vertical slot, returns residues over the slot, separates seed and fertilizer in the slot with a single opener and has exceptional seeding depth control resulting in reliable seedling emergence and superior crop yields. All design criteria were dictated by extensive peer-reviewed biological research, which also formed the basis of the technology transfer phase. Graduate students formed the basis of a knowledge team, which in conjunction with on-farm demonstrations, a comprehensive book summarizing the underlying science and a field manual outlining the management issues that compliment superior technology, ensured its successful uptake.
Interactive Cartography Using APL-Graphics

The integration of efficient graphical processors into the standard VSAPL system results in APL-Graphics as a powerful tool in the management decision-making process. The system provides a high degree of flexibility in the interactive analysis of large data bases. Fast cartographical summaries allow the decision-maker to incorporate his intuition into the iterative process of problem-solving. The present report addresses the flexibility and improvisation power provided by APL-Graphics in a dynamic problem-solving environment where problem definition evolves together with the solution but under firmly imposed deadlines. Illustrations of "instant-coding" will be given for situations requiring instant but one-shot solutions.
Panel Discussion II: Linkage Studies in Tuberous Sclerosis: Current Status and Future Prospects

Panel Discussion II: Linkage Studies in Tuberous Sclerosis Current Status and Future Prospects PANEL REPORTER. RAYMOND S. KANDT Division of Neurology in Pediatrics and Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina 27710 PANEL CHAIR: P. MICHAEL CONNEALLY PANEL MEMBERS: J. MICHAEL CONNOR, JONATHAN L. HAINES, MARGARET PERICAK-VANCE, AND MOYRA SMITH Beginning in 1987 with the report of linkage of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) to the ABO blood group locus on chromosome 9, several research groups attempted to define a precise location for one or more TSC genes. At this conference, further studies on genetic linkage in TSC were reported. The panel discussion, which also included comments from the audience, fo- cused on several issues: the current status of TSC linkage research, banking of cell lines and tissues, clinical and cytogenetic investigations of TSC families and individuals, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms in TSC. CURRENT STATUS Thus far, research in TSC demonstrates at least two genetic phenotypes, one of which is linked to chromosome 9q34 and a second that is probably linked to markers on chromosome 1 Iq. Research also suggests a third phenotype, possibly on chromosome 14. Prior to this meeting, various investigators collaborated in building a TSC linkage dataset. Analyses of the pooled TSC linkage data by different investigators consistently demonstrate genetic heterogeneity in TSC. CELL AND TISSUE BANKING To facilitate localization of t h t causative TSC genes, cell banking can be used. Already, cells from several TSC families are stored in the NIH Human Genetic Mutant Cell Repository in Camden, New Jersey. It was noted that the Camden Repository is not accepting further TSC cell lines. In some cases, the costs of retrieving the cell lines from the Repository may hinder their use. Although bank- ing by individual investigators is also expensive, potential mixups in cell lines can be avoided by using DNA fingerprinting to identify the cell lines. A similar discus- sion was held concerning a TSC tissue bank. Researchers may find it useful to have frozen samples from biopsied lesions or cell lines derived from tissues; however, it was not resolved where and how such tissues would be obtained and stored, or how access to the tissues would occur. Despite concerns about storage,
Production of mono-isotopic 88Y from the decay of 88Zr

Abstract Mono-isotopic 88 Y was recovered from the decay of 88 Zr. The 88 Zr was produced with other spallation products, by irradiating natural molybdenum metal with 800-MeV protons at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The 88 Zr was separated from the molybdenum target material and other spallation produced-isotopes by ion-exchange procedures. After the 88 Zr had decayed to 88 Y, a second ion-exchange separation was performed to isolate the 88 Y.
Thinking Security: The Development of a Loss Prevention for Controlling Terrorism

The increased governmental, societal, and commercial security concerns since the events of 9–11 have led for greater calls to prevent future acts of terrorism. Many of these requests have been understood within the context of counter-terrorism. Counter-terrorism, the use of intelligence, and security assets in reaction to terrorism is always an after the incident response. Anti-terrorism, the use of intelligence in conjunction with other preventive measures – a proactive response – should be the preferred manner in dealing with terrorism. By adapting processes and procedures from corporate and retail loss prevention it is possible to conceptualize and develop a method of anti-terrorism to more effectively control the threat of terrorism