cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic analysis of the interactions between troponin C (TnC) and troponin I (TnI) binding peptides: evidence for separate binding sites for the 'structural' N-terminus and the 'regulatory' C-terminus of TnI on TnC.

The Ca 2 + /Mg 2 + -dependent interactions between TnC and TnI play a critical role in regulating the 'on' and 'off' states of muscle contraction as well as maintaining the structural integrity of the troponin complex in the off state. In the present study, we have investigated the binding interactions between the N-terminus of TnI (residues 1-40 of skeletal TnI) and skeletal TnC in the presence of Ca 2 + ions, Mg 2 + ions and in the presence of the C-terminal regulatory region peptides: TnI 9 6 - 1 1 5 , TnI 9 6 - 1 3 1 and TnI 9 6 - 1 3 9 . Our results show the N-terminus of TnI can bind to TnC with high affinity in the presence of Ca 2 + or Mg 2 + ions with apparent equilibrium dissociation constants of K d C a 2 . = 48 nM and K d M g 2 = 29 nM. The apparent association and dissociation rate constants for the interactions were, k o n =4.8 × 10 5 M - 1 s - 1 , 3.4 × 10 5 M - 1 s - 1 and k o f f = 2.3 × 10 - 2 s - 1 , 1.0 × 10 - 2 s - 1 for TnC(Ca 2 + ) and TnC(Mg 2 + ) states, respectively. Competition studies between each of the TnI regions and TnC showed that both TnI regions can bind simultaneously to TnC while native gel electrophoresis and SEC confirmed the formation of stable ternary complexes between TnI 9 6 - 1 3 9 (or TnI 9 6 - 1 3 1 ) and TnC-TnI 1 - 4 0 . Further analysis of the binding interactions in the ternary complex showed the binding of the TnI regulatory region to TnC was critically dependent upon the presence of both TnC binding sites (i.e. TnI 9 6 - 1 1 5 and TnI 1 1 6 - 1 3 1 ) and the presence of Ca 2 + . Furthermore, the presence of TnI 1 - 4 0 slightly weakened the affinity of the regulatory peptides for TnC. Taken together, these results support the model for TnI-TnC interaction where the N-terminus of TnI remains bound to the C-domain of TnC in the presence of high and low Ca 2 + levels while the TnI regulatory region (residues 96-139) switches in its binding interactions between the actin-tropomyosin thin filament and its own sites on the N- and C-domain of TnC at high Ca 2 + levels, thus regulating muscle contraction.
Bone morphogenetic proteins and spinal surgery

Study design A review of the literature concerning the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (rhBMP-2) and 7 (rhBMP-7) in spinal fusion. Purpose To summarize the pertinent preclinical experiments that enabled regulated human clinical trials of recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins for spinal fusion and to update clinicians on the results of those trials. Background More than three decades of research involving thousands of scientists and academicians throughout the world have led to the clinical use of recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins for the treatment of spinal disease. Methods The published and presented scientific literature and the author's personal experience were examined. Results and conclusions Recent clinical data support the assertion that recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins can be used as complete bone graft substitutes in spinal fusion surgery. In some circumstances, the efficacy of these factors for inducing successful fusion is superior to that of autogenous bone graft. RhBMP-2 is shown to be efficacious in several fusion applications, including intervertebral and lumbar posterolateral. Similar efficacy for rhBMP-7 has not yet been demonstrated, although relevant clinical studies are currently under way. The availability of these biologic agents will improve our ability to predictably treat spinal disease and may facilitate the further development of less invasive surgical innovations.
Dimensional Analysis of Detrimental Ozone Generation by Negative Wire-to-Plate Corona Discharge in Both Dry and Humid Air

A semi-empirical equation is derived to provide a correlation between the ozone generation rate of a negative wire-to-plate corona discharge in both dry and humid air and a series of design/operating parameters. A basic correlation is first derived by applying dimensional analysis on negative wire-to-plate corona discharge in dry air. Further development on the basic correlation is carried out by integrating the influence of humidity. The derived equation is validated by previously reported experimental data and numerical model. The new semi-empirical equation is comprehensive and useful in guiding the design/operation of indoor corona devices under actual ambient operating conditions.
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanism of Chelation-Assisted, Copper(II) Acetate-Accelerated Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition

A mechanistic model is formulated to account for the high reactivity of chelating azides (organic azides capable of chelation-assisted metal coordination at the alkylated azido nitrogen position) and copper(II) acetate (Cu(OAc)(2)) in copper(II)-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reactions. Fluorescence and (1)H NMR assays are developed for monitoring the reaction progress in two different solvents, methanol and acetonitrile. Solvent kinetic isotopic effect and premixing experiments give credence to the proposed different induction reactions for converting copper(II) to catalytic copper(I) species in methanol (methanol oxidation) and acetonitrile (alkyne oxidative homocoupling), respectively. The kinetic orders of individual components in a chelation-assisted, copper(II)-accelerated AAC reaction are determined in both methanol and acetonitrile. Key conclusions resulting from the kinetic studies include (1) the interaction between copper ion (either in +1 or +2 oxidation state) and a chelating azide occurs in a fast, pre-equilibrium step prior to the formation of the in-cycle copper(I)-acetylide, (2) alkyne deprotonation is involved in several kinetically significant steps, and (3) consistent with prior experimental and computational results by other groups, two copper centers are involved in the catalysis. The X-ray crystal structures of chelating azides with Cu(OAc)(2) suggest a mechanistic synergy between alkyne oxidative homocoupling and copper(II)-accelerated AAC reactions, in which both a bimetallic catalytic pathway and a base are involved. The different roles of the two copper centers (a Lewis acid to enhance the electrophilicity of the azido group and a two-electron reducing agent in oxidative metallacycle formation, respectively) in the proposed catalytic cycle suggest that a mixed valency (+2 and +1) dinuclear copper species be a highly efficient catalyst. This proposition is supported by the higher activity of the partially reduced Cu(OAc)(2) in mediating a 2-picolylazide-involved AAC reaction than the fully reduced Cu(OAc)(2). Finally, the discontinuous kinetic behavior that has been observed by us and others in copper(I/II)-mediated AAC reactions is explained by the likely catalyst disintegration during the course of a relatively slow reaction. Complementing the prior mechanistic conclusions drawn by other investigators, which primarily focus on the copper(I)/alkyne interactions, we emphasize the kinetic significance of copper(I/II)/azide interaction. This work not only provides a mechanism accounting for the fast Cu(OAc)(2)-mediated AAC reactions involving chelating azides, which has apparent practical implications, but suggests the significance of mixed-valency dinuclear copper species in catalytic reactions where two copper centers carry different functions.
Qualitative modeling and analysis of lateral load resistance in frames

This paper discusses a work in progress in the development of computer tools for qualitative modeling analysis and evaluation of conceptual structural designs. In the conceptual design stage the description of a structure is incomplete and imprecise, and does not permit the use of traditional numerical analysis tools. We describe a prototype system, QLRS, for qualitative evaluation of lateral load resistance in frames. The primary goal of the evaluation of structural response is to identify undesirable structural behavior. In QLRS, the evaluation process consists of three basic tasks. (1) identification of the story and structure models comprising the lateral load resisting system. We term this task structural system interpretation . (2) Qualitative analysis of the story and structure models, and approximate evaluation of the story drifts. We term this task structural behavior interpretation . (3) Assessment of the performance of the lateral load resisting system, in which the results of the structural system interpretation and the structural behavior interpretation are compared against the requirements for complete load path and relative story drift. Currently, QLRS is able to reason about load path discontinuities and soft-story behavior problems in 2-D moment resisting frames.
Critical role of peripheral drug actions in experience-dependent changes in nucleus accumbens glutamate release induced by intravenous cocaine.

Recent studies reveal that cocaine experience results in persistent neuroadaptive changes within glutamate (Glu) synapses in brain areas associated with drug reward. However, it remains unclear whether cocaine affects Glu release in drug-naive animals and how it is altered by drug experience. By using high-speed amperometry with enzyme-based and enzyme-free biosensors in freely moving rats, we show that an initial intravenous cocaine injection at a low self-administering dose (1 mg/kg) induces rapid, small and transient Glu release in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc), which with subsequent injections rapidly becomes a much stronger, two-component increase. Using cocaine-methiodide, cocaine’s analogue that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, we confirm that the initial cocaine-induced Glu release in the NAc has a peripheral neural origin. Unlike cocaine, Glu responses induced by cocaine-methiodide rapidly habituate following repeated exposure. However, after cocaine experience this drug induces cocaine-like Glu responses. Hence, the interoceptive actions of cocaine, which essentially precede its direct actions in the brain, play a critical role in experience-dependent alterations in Glu release, cocaine-induced neural sensitization and may contribute to cocaine addiction.
Representations of Substitute Teachers and the Paradoxes of Professionalism.

This article explores both dominant and counternarratives about the work of teachers (and teaching) articulated through representations of substitute teachers. Using the notion of deviant historiog...
Temporal factors and the incidence of physical abuse in young children: decreased nonaccidental trauma during child abuse prevention month

Abstract Background/Purpose Educational efforts have been shown to decrease the incidence of abusive injuries. Information related to factors that associate with child abuse would further these educational efforts. We undertook this study to determine the influence of temporal factors and a national preventative program on the incidence of abusive injuries in young children. Methods The Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database was queried for all children 36 months old or younger admitted with abusive injuries. Data collected included day, month, and season. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression. Results Six hundred seventy-two cases of child abuse were reported, with a linear increase in the number of cases per year ( P P = .008). Younger children were less likely to be injured during April, which is National Child Abuse Prevention Month, and more likely to be injured during August and October (all P Conclusions We observed fewer inflicted injuries in young children on Sundays, and during April. The causes for these significant variations deserve further study.
Barium partitioning during the transformation of corals from aragonite to calcite

Examination of fresh (aragonite) and altered (calcite) corals from the Pleistocene reef terraces exposed on Barbados, West Indies, reveals the natural partitioning of Ba2+ during the aragonite—calcite transformation. The Ba2+ decreased from typical values of 8–15 ppm in the aragonites to 1–3 ppm in the calcites, a finding consistent with the experimentally determined partition coefficient of Ba2+ into calcite (0.06 ± 0.02 at 25°C). Quantitatively, the degree of partitioning of Ba2+ in these samples was compatible with the simultaneous partitioning of Sr2+.
Effectiveness of Participation in the Food Stamp Program On Nutrition Status of A Selected Group of Low Income Women

Abstract Food stamps given without nutrition education did not improve nutrition status in a group of disadvantaged women in the Southeast. Anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical data were collected from 123 low income women. Sixty-three women participated in the Food Stamp Program, and 60 women did not receive food stamps (control group). Ages ranged from 15 to 67. Mean body mass index of food stamp recipients was significantly higher (p⩽0.003) than the control group (31.7±29.2 versus 27.0±9.8). Mean percent body fat was significantly higher (p⩽0.005) in food stamp recipients (34.6±7.7) than those not receiving food stamps (30.1+8.9). Hemoglobin concentrations ranged from 8.7 to 19.7 for the total sample; mean hemoglobin for both groups was within normal limits at approximately 15 Hematocrit ranged from 19.5 to 50; the mean for both groups was below normal limits, 35.4+6.1 for food stamp recipients, and 36.6±5.4 for the control group. Mean diastolic and systolic blood pressures were less than 140 and 90 for both groups. Food stamp recipients had a lower mean energy intake (1727±818) than the control group (1858±799) as measured by 24 hour recall. Mean protein intake for both groups exceeded 100% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Both groups reported ingesting approximately 15% of their total energy intake as protein, 36% as fat and 49% as carbohydrate. Reported intakes of vitamins A, E, B6, and folate were below 100% of the RDA, but only vitamin D fell below two-thirds of the RDA for both groups. Reported intakes of thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin were at least 90% of the RDA; vitamin B12 was reported to be more than 150% of the RDA for both groups. On the other hand, calcium, iron, and zinc intake was reported to be less than 75% of the RDA in both groups. Two sample t-test results indicated no significant differences in the two groups' dietary intakes, with the exception of the control group having significantly higher intakes of thiamin and niacin. Disadvantaged women appear to need nutrition education; availability of food stamps alone did not result in improvement in nutrition status.
On 2-level orthogonal arrays of odd index

Abstract In this paper we show that the maximum possible number of constraints for a 2-level orthogonal array of odd index with strength t is t +1.
Splenosis presenting as occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

A 48-year-old man presented with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Routine endoscopic evaluation was nondiagnostic. Angiography demonstrated multiple apparent arteriovenous malformations. Exploratory laparotomy revealed numerous splenic implants along the small and large bowels, some of which had apparently eroded through the bowel mucosa and bled. Excision of these penetrating lesions prevented further bleeding. An incidentally noted renal cell cancer was also resected. The patient's splenosis was the result of childhood trauma that caused splenic rupture and precipitated splenectomy. Splenosis develops frequently following traumatic splenic rupture. Experimental evidence suggests that the presence of an intact spleen suppresses the growth and development of splenic implants. Following splenectomy, splenules may replace some of the “housekeeping” and immunologic functions of the spleen, but even patients with documented splenosis should be considered functionally hyposplenic. While in most cases splenules cause no symptoms, splenosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of previously splenectomized patients who present with unexplained masses or occult bleeding. Am. J. Hematol. 65:56–61, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Creating Identity-Safe Spaces on College Campuses for Muslim Students

(2006). Creating Identity-Safe Spaces on College Campuses for Muslim Students. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 22-27.
Thermodynamics of diatomic guests in β-quinol clathrates

Estimations theoriques des contributions moleculaires translationnelles et rotationnelles aux proprietes thermodynamiques
Epidural Spinal Metastasis of Canine Transmissible Venereal Sarcoma

Summary A description is given a case of epidural spinal metastasis of canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) in a puppy 3 weeks after the surgical excision of a progressively growing primary tumour which had been transplanted subcutaneously 80 days previously. Zusammenfassung Epidurale spinale Metastase des transmissiblen venerischen Sarkoms beim Hund Es wird der Fall einer epiduralen spinalen Metastase des caninen transmissiblen venerischen Sarkoms bei einem 3 Wochen alten Welpen nach chirurgischer Entfernung eines progressiv wachsenden Primartumors beschrieben, der 80 Tage zuvor subcutan transplantiert worden war.
Controlling nucleation in giant liposomes

We introduce giant liposomes to investigate phase transformations in picoliter volumes. Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the confinement of DPPC liposomes leads to dramatic stabilization of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). In contrast, amorphous strontium carbonate (ASC) is a transient species, and BaCO3 precipitation leads directly to the formation of crystalline witherite.
Measuring journal linking success from a discovery service

Online linking to full text via third-party link-resolution services, such as Serials Solutions 360 Link or Ex Libris’ SFX, has become a popular method of access to users in academic libraries. This article describes several attempts made over the course of the past three years at the University of Michigan to gather data on linkage failure: the method used, the limiting factors, the changes made in methods, an analysis of the data collected, and a report of steps taken locally because of the studies. It is hoped that the experiences at one institution may be applicable more broadly and, perhaps, produce a stronger data-driven effort at improving linking services.
Comparative studies of preferential binding of group nine metalloporphyrins (M = Co, Rh, Ir) with methoxide/methanol in competition with hydroxide/water in aqueous solution.

Aqueous solutions of iridium(III) tetra-(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin [(TSPP)IrIII] form a hydrogen ion dependent equilibrium distribution of bisaquo ([(TSPP)IrIII(OD2)2]3−), monoaquo/monohydroxo ([(TSPP)IrIII(OD2)(OD)]4−) and bishydroxo ([(TSPP)IrIII(OD)2]5−) complexes. Comparison of acid dissociation constants of group nine ([(TSPP)MIII(OD2)2]3−) (M = Co, Rh, Ir) complexes show that the extent of proton dissociation in water increases regularly on moving down the group from cobalt to iridium consistent with increasing metal ligand bond strength. Addition of small quantities of methanol to aqueous solutions of [(TSPP)IrIII] results in the formation of methanol and methoxide complexes in equilibria with aquo and hydroxo complexes that are observed by 1H NMR. Direct quantitative evaluation of competitive equilibria of [(TSPP)IrIII] complexes reveals a remarkable thermodynamic preference for methanol binding over that of water (ΔG° (298 K) = −5.2 kcal mol−1) and methoxide binding over that of hydroxide (ΔG° ...
HR strategy: optimizing risks, optimizing rewards

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest that in the arena of human capital, risk-mitigation may overshadow risk-optimized decisions, and show how a more balanced approach can be achieved by understanding and applying frameworks from behavioral decision theory, as well as framing human capital risk using tools and frameworks that have a long history in other management arenas, such as finance. Design/methodology/approach – Review risk-optimization frameworks in human resource and general management, distill key connections, suggest ways to enhance risk optimization for human capital, and offer suggestions for future research and practice. Findings – For human capital, risk-mitigation may overshadow risk-optimization, a balanced approach can be achieved by applying behavioral decision theory and by using frameworks from other management arenas, such as finance. Practical implications – Organizations must acknowledge and skillfully manage the connections between human capital and competitive strate...
THE EFFECT OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY-LIKE HORMONE ON THE BLOOD PICTURE IN RABBITS

Clinical evidence indicates that the processes of hemopoiesis and discharge of young cells into the circulating blood are controlled by agents in the circulating blood itself. Hubble (1) expresses the view that secretions of the endocrine glands are concerned in this process. In a review of the literature he finds both experimental and clinical evidence indicating that the thyroid hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells and lymphocytes and depresses the output of granulocytes; the adrenal cortical hormone stimulates the production of granulocytes and probably also of red blood cells, while the basophil cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary stimulates all types of circulating cells. Damble (2) and McCullagh and Dunlap (3) have given both clinical and experimental proof of the relation of the thyroid to hemopoiesis. Rogoff and Stewart (4) demonstrated an increase of 50 to 100 per cent in the red blood cells following the injection of cortico-adrenal extract. This increase they believed to...
Chick chorioallantoic membrane as an in vivo model to study vasoreactivity: characterization of development-dependent hyperemia induced by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs)

Shell-less culture of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicken embryos is a useful model to evaluate the effects of vascular agents. We assessed the response of CAM vessels to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), derivatives of the essential fatty acid arachidonic acid, that have a number of important biological functions, including dilation of microvessels in the coronary, cerebral, renal, and mesenteric circulations. Three of four regioisomers of EETs, 14,15-, 11,12-, and 8,9-EET, induced a characteristic dose-dependent acute hyperemia within 4 min after application on 10-day-old CAMs. This response was marked in early stages of development (between days 8 and 10), but the frequency and intensity of the response were reduced after 11 days of development. Histological examination demonstrated that the hyperemia was not due to extravasation of erythrocytes. However, many capillaries were distended and contained densely packed erythrocytes as compared to uniformly arranged vessels and erythrocytes in untreated CAMs. Transmission electron microscopy showed the basal laminae surrounding capillaries remained intact, similar to those in vehicle-treated or untreated CAM tissue. The hyperemia was specific to EETs since we did not observe it to be induced by other vasodilators such as nitric oxide or prostacyclin. In conclusion, we report a novel vascular response to EETs using the CAM as an in vivo model. These lipids specifically distend a subset of capillaries in a dose- and development-dependent manner.
Operator expansions and constrained quadratic optimization for interface reconstruction: Impenetrable periodic acoustic media

Grating scattering is a fundamental model in remote sensing, electromagnetics, ocean acoustics, nondestructive testing, and image reconstruction. In this work, we examine the problem of detecting the geometric properties of gratings in a two-dimensional acoustic medium where the fields are governed by the Helmholtz equation. Building upon our previous Boundary Perturbation approach (implemented with the Operator Expansions formalism) we derive a new approach which augments this with a new “smoothing” mechanism. With numerical simulations we demonstrate the enhanced stability and accuracy of our new approach which further suggests not only a rigorous proof of convergence, but also a path to generalizing the algorithm to multiple layers, three dimensions, and the full equations of linear elasticity and Maxwell’s equations.
α5 Integrin subunit expression changes during myogenesis

Fibronectin and its cellular receptor, the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, are involved in the transmembrane signalling events that control muscle cell differentiation. In this study, the expression of the alpha 5 integrin subunit was followed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine alterations during myogenesis. In studies of murine muscle, we found a 90% reduction in the level of the alpha 5 integrin subunit mRNA during early postnatal development. Concurrently, the fibronectin alternative splicing pattern changed markedly in the EIIIB and V exons. In-vitro analyses of these molecules during myoblast differentiation revealed changes that followed trends similar to those observed in vivo, although of lesser magnitude. These observations imply an important role of fibronectin and the alpha 5 integrin subunit in muscle development.
Massive neutrinos in cosmology: Analytic solutions and fluid approximation

We study the evolution of linear density fluctuations of free-streaming massive neutrinos at redshift of $zl1000$, with an explicit justification on the use of a fluid approximation. We solve the collisionless Boltzmann equation in an Einstein de-Sitter (EdS) universe, truncating the Boltzmann hierarchy at ${l}_{\mathrm{max}﻿}=1$ and 2, and compare the resulting density contrast of neutrinos ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\mathrm{fluid}}$ with that of the exact solutions of the Boltzmann equation that we derive in this paper. Roughly speaking, the fluid approximation is accurate if neutrinos were already nonrelativistic when the neutrino density fluctuation of a given wave number entered the horizon. We find that the fluid approximation is accurate at subpercent levels for massive neutrinos with ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}g0.05\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ at the scale of $k\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.0h\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and redshift of $zl100$. This result validates the use of the fluid approximation, at least for the most massive species of neutrinos suggested by the neutrino oscillation experiments. We also find that the density contrast calculated from fluid equations (i.e., continuity and Euler equations) becomes a better approximation at a lower redshift, and the accuracy can be further improved by including an anisotropic stress term in the Euler equation. The anisotropic stress term effectively increases the pressure term by a factor of $9/5$.
Simulation of a fuel reforming system based on catalytic partial oxidation

Catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) has potential for producing hydrogen that can be fed to a fuel cell for portable power generation. In order to be used for this purpose, catalytic partial oxidation must be combined with other processes, such as water-gas shift and preferential oxidation, to produce hydrogen with minimal carbon monoxide. This paper evaluates the use of catalytic partial oxidation in an integrated system for conversion of a military logistic fuel, JP-8, to high-purity hydrogen. A fuel processing system using CPO as the first processing step is simulated to understand the trade-offs involved in using CPO. The effects of water flow rate, CPO reactor temperature, carbon to oxygen ratio in the CPO reactor, temperature of preferential oxidation, oxygen to carbon ratio in the preferential oxidation reactor, and temperature for the water-gas shift reaction are evaluated. The possibility of recycling water from the fuel cell for use in fuel processing is evaluated. Finally, heat integration options are explored. A process efficiency, defined as the ratio of the lower heating value of hydrogen to that of JP-8, of around 53% is possible with a carbon to oxygen ratio of 0.7. Higher efficiencies are possible (up to 71%) when higher C/O ratios are used, provided that olefin production can be minimized in the CPO reactor.
Inhibition of HIV Fusion with Multivalent Gold Nanoparticles

The design and synthesis of a multivalent gold nanoparticle therapeutic is presented. SDC-1721, a fragment of the potent HIV inhibitor TAK-779, was synthesized and conjugated to 2.0 nm diameter gold nanoparticles. Free SDC-1721 had no inhibitory effect on HIV infection; however, the (SDC-1721)−gold nanoparticle conjugates displayed activity comparable to that of TAK-779. This result suggests that multivalent presentation of small molecules on gold nanoparticle surfaces can convert inactive drugs into potent therapeutics.
Lorentz and U (1) Chern-Simons terms in new minimal supergravity

Abstract We couple a linear multiplet to new minimal supergravity, modified by the addition of both the U(1) and Lorentz superfield Chern-Simons terms. We write the lagrangian in component form and find that it contains pieces quadratic in the curvature tensor and has only a finite number of terms. We also find that the auxiliary fields am and G m become propagating and massive. Very interestingly, however, for a particular ratio of the U(1) and Lorentz Chern-Simons terms, G m can be eliminated. This leads to a lagrangian with only a finite number of terms containing a propagating, massive vector field am and terms quadratic in the curvature tensor.
Strain behavior in uniaxially tested zircaloy tubing

Abstract Tensile specimens of annealed Zircaloy tubing were tested to examine the influence of texture on anisotropy. It was found that the diameter and wallthickness strains could be treated to give both a measure of the anisotropy of plastic properties and the texture of the tubing.
Screening Corrections to the Fermi Function for Allowed β Decay

The influence of electron screening on the Fermi function $F(W,Z)$ for allowed $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is reconsidered. Numerical values for $F(W,Z)$ are obtained by integrating the radial Dirac equations for the decay electrons (positrons) in a self-consistent atomic potential. Relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater equations are used to construct the atomic potential. The Fermi function is tabulated for various nuclei and energies, and comparisons are made with $F(W,Z)$ for a pure Coulomb field. Detailed comparisons are also made with the WKB screening formula of Rose as well as with the previous numerical results of Reitz and of B\"uhring. It is found that the Rose formula provides an accurate approximation to $F(W,Z)$ over the dominant portion of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ spectrum provided the endpoint energy is sufficiently high and provided further that an appropriate value of the potential at the nucleus ${V}_{0}$ is used. An empirical formula for ${V}_{0}$ from the Hartree-Fock-Slater calculations is provided. The numerical results of Reitz appear to be badly in error, especially for large electron momenta. The predictions of B\"uhring for a screened-potential model are in good agreement with the present work. Corrections to the $\mathrm{ft}$ value of several superallowed Fermi transitions are recomputed and found to be negligibly different from the predictions made using the Rose approximation.
Some maps from the full Toda lattice are Poisson

Abstract The maps ok, important in the analysis of the full Toda lattice, are Poisson maps with respect to the R-matrix Poisson structure. They also satisfy the relation oj°ok = oj+k.
Determination of the cubic anharmonic potential constants from the vibration-rotation interaction constants of the OCS and N2O molecules

Abstract Calculations show that the vibration-rotation interaction constants α of OCS and N2O molecules depend primarily on the quadratic and on three of the cubic potential constants k111, k122, and k133 (coefficients of Q 1 3 , Q1Q22, and Q1Q32) but are rather insensitive to the remaining potential constants. From the microwave data of α for normal OCS, OC13S, O18CS, OCS34, and the infrared results for normal N2O and N15NO, the above-mentioned cubic potential constants have been determined for these molecules. By combining the Fermi interaction constant (between ν1 and 2 ν2) and α2 of normal OCS, k322 is obtained. The results of the cubic force constants are compared with those of Herschbach and Laurie.
Resonant four wave mixing in n-type silicon

Abstract We observe a strong resonance in the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of n-type silicon corresponding to the valley orbit splitting of the 1s-states of phoshorous and antimony donors. Cross-sections for valley orbit Raman scattering near 10 μm obtained from our data agree with calculations based on an intraband model. The expression for the cross-section resulting from this model is equivalent to that of Jain et al.
Fine-needle aspiration of breast masses: A review of its role in diagnosis and management in adolescent patients

Abstract Purpose: To assess the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) in the evaluation and management of breast masses in adolescents. >Methods: All FNAs performed on organ masses over a 15-year period on patients age 21 years and younger were evaluated. Cases were collected from four large university-affiliated teaching hospitals and clinics. Pathology records from the laboratory information systems were reviewed. Data included clinical information, anatomic site, and cytologic diagnoses. Surgical follow-up was included when available. >Results: Three hundred and twenty-five FNAs from 302 patients were reviewed. Of 325 aspirates, 59 were breast FNAs (in 51 patients: 4 males and 47 females). Among all organs, the breast was the most common one aspirated in females. Of the breast aspirates in females, 49% were diagnosed as fibroadenomas. No cases of malignant breast disease or phyllodes tumors were encountered. Surgical biopsy follow-up was available in 23.7% of the patients. Of those masses which were subsequently surgically biopsied, most were diagnosed as either fibroadenoma (11) or juvenile fibroadenoma (two). One other case biopsied showed ductal hyperplasia and adenosis. The majority of the remaining cases were followed up clinically, since the clinical nature and cytologic features of the lesions were those of fibrocystic changes or benign cysts. Conclusions: In the series of FNAs we examined, breast masses were the most frequent lesions aspirated in adolescent females, with fibroadenomas being the most common lesion encountered. FNA proved to be a useful and reliable tool in the evaluation and management of masses involving the adolescent breast. The majority of breast masses in adolescents are benign, and lesions can be managed conservatively in this age group. The use of noninvasive diagnostic procedures such as FNA and ultrasound can reduce the need for open surgery during breast development.
Inertial Guidance System in the Orientation of the Goldfish ( Carassius auratus )

WHILE investigating orientation mechanisms in fish we are making a detailed analysis of “spontaneous” locomotor behaviour of naive animals in controlled conditions. Movements are monitored in a tank measuring 5.0 × 5.0 × 0.5 m in the bottom of which is embedded a matrix of 1,936 photoconductive cells on 10 cm centres. The linear resolution for the smallest target (3 mm diameter) which ocan elicit an adequate response by a photocell is 10 cm. The angular resolution for a fish 30 cm long, the size used in the experiments reported here, is not less than 4°. Provisions in the circuitry and the computer programs discard the effects of consecutive targets on a same photocell so that minor movements of parts of the body (tail, fins), which do not result in locomotion, are not computed. The cells are uniformly illuminated at a colour temperature of 2,300–2,400 K by a collimated light field from a suspended ceiling above the tank (Fig. 1). The electrical effect in a photocell of the interception of light by the fish forms the input of an electronic logic interface. The address of the photocell in the x, y matrix and the time of the event is then established by a computer on line. The latter is programmed to process information on various parameters of the locomotion of individual fish and to put out this information on a teletypewriter, as a visual display on a cathode ray tube and plotter and/or magnetic tape for additional processing.
Effective and efficient optics inspection approach using machine learning algorithms

The Final Optics Damage Inspection (FODI) system automatically acquires and utilizes the Optics Inspection (OI) system to analyze images of the final optics at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). During each inspection cycle up to 1000 images acquired by FODI are examined by OI to identify and track damage sites on the optics. The process of tracking growing damage sites on the surface of an optic can be made more effective by identifying and removing signals associated with debris or reflections. The manual process to filter these false sites is daunting and time consuming. In this paper we discuss the use of machine learning tools and data mining techniques to help with this task. We describe the process to prepare a data set that can be used for training and identifying hardware reflections in the image data. In order to collect training data, the images are first automatically acquired and analyzed with existing software and then relevant features such as spatial, physical and luminosity measures are extracted for each site. A subset of these sites is 'truthed' or manually assigned a class to create training data. A supervised classification algorithm is used to test if the features can predict the class membership of new sites. A suite of self-configuring machine learning tools called 'Avatar Tools' is applied to classify all sites. To verify, we used 10-fold cross correlation and found the accuracy was above 99%. This substantially reduces the number of false alarms that would otherwise be sent for more extensive investigation.
Nanoscale Heat Conduction in the SOI, Strained-Si and Tri-Gate Transistors

There have been many attempts in the recent years to improve the device performance by enhancing carrier mobility by using the strained-induced changes in silicon electronic bands [1–4] or reducing the junction capacitance in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Strained silicon on insulator (SSOI) is another promising technology, which is expected to show even higher performance, in terms of speed and power consumption, comparing to the regular strained-Si transistors. In this technology, the strained silicon is incorporated in the silicon on insulator (SOI) technology such that the strained-Si introduces high mobility for electrons and holes and the insulator layer (usually SiO2 ) exhibits low junction capacitance due to its small dielectric constant [5, 6]. In these devices a layer of SiGe may exist between the strined-Si layer and insulator (strained Si-on-SiGe-on-insulator, SGOI) [6] or the strained-Si layer can be directly on top of the insulator [7]. Latter is advantageous for eliminating some of the key problems associated with the fabrication of SGOI.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Identification of Lanes of Acquisition from Military Rapid Development Programs

Research conducted in the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) examined military rapid capability and urgent needs programs and identified a framework for rapid development. Discussions with organizations engaged in rapid development indicated a number of different definitions of “rapid”, a wide range of specific practices that were implemented to achieve rapid development, and various domains of product categories that aligned to what the rapid organization aimed to achieve. It was observed that various organizations appeared to focus and operate within lanes of acquisition, which could be analogous to lines of business in the commercial sector and also analogous to other taxonomies of acquisition used in other U.S. government organizations. This paper outlines these observations.
Assessing the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics.

The use of pharmacogenomics to individualize drug therapy offers the potential to improve drug effectiveness, reduce adverse side effects, and provide cost-effective pharmaceutical care. However, the combinations of disease, drug, and genetic test characteristics that will provide clinically useful and economically feasible therapeutic interventions have not been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this paper was to develop a framework for evaluating the potential cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomic strategies that will help scientists better understand the strategic implications of their research assist in the design of clinical trials, and provide a guide for health care providers making reimbursement decisions. We reviewed concepts of cost-effectiveness analysis and pharmacogenomics and identified 5 primary characteristics that will enhance the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics: 1) there are severe clinical or economic consequence that are avoided through the use of pharmacogenomics, 2) monitoring drug response using current methods is difficult, 3) a well-established association between genotype and clinical phenotype exists, 4) there is a rapid and relatively inexpensive genetic test, and 5) the variant gene is relatively common. We use this framework to evaluate several examples of pharmacogenomics. We found that pharmacogenomics offers great potential to improve patients' health in a cost-effective manner. However, pharmacogenomics will not be applied to all currently marketed drugs, and careful evaluations are needed on a case-by-case basis before investing resources in research and development of pharmacogenomic-based therapeutics and making reimbursement decisions.
Functional optical coherence imaging of tumor response to a metabolic electron transport inhibitor

The post-genomic promise of a plethora of new therapeutic drugs has remained largely unfulfilled because of two principal bottlenecks: insufficient high-throughput drug toxicity assays, and acceptable in vitro surrogates to in vivo testing. In this paper, we report coherence-domain functional imaging of bulk tissue response to drug toxicity using cellular motility as both a contrast agent for imaging and as a biomarker for metabolic activity. Osteogenic sarcoma tumor spheroids treated with sodium azide exhibit a rapid onset of increased cellular motility, followed by cellular exhaustion. This behavior correlates with the known biological progression of azide poisoning. These specific findings for azide poisoning are relevant in general because of the common action of many drug candidates on the same oxidative phosphorylation pathways affected by azide. Furthermore, azide poisoning is generally representative of hypoxia, including ischemic hypoxia, which is the most common cause of tissue damage in disease and trauma. The OCI motility mapping technique could therefore introduce a new and general approach to the study of toxicity and pathology in vitro.
A direct brain-to-brain interface in humans.

We describe the first direct brain-to-brain interface in humans and present results from experiments involving six different subjects. Our non-invasive interface, demonstrated originally in August 2013, combines electroencephalography (EEG) for recording brain signals with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for delivering information to the brain. We illustrate our method using a visuomotor task in which two humans must cooperate through direct brain-to-brain communication to achieve a desired goal in a computer game. The brain-to-brain interface detects motor imagery in EEG signals recorded from one subject (the “sender”) and transmits this information over the internet to the motor cortex region of a second subject (the “receiver”). This allows the sender to cause a desired motor response in the receiver (a press on a touchpad) via TMS. We quantify the performance of the brain-to-brain interface in terms of the amount of information transmitted as well as the accuracies attained in (1) decoding the sender’s signals, (2) generating a motor response from the receiver upon stimulation, and (3) achieving the overall goal in the cooperative visuomotor task. Our results provide evidence for a rudimentary form of direct information transmission from one human brain to another using non-invasive means.
A semi-numerical approach to the construction and fitting of triatomic potential energy surfaces

Abstract The Wall-Porter method of rotating a Morse function to construct potential energy surfaces for collinear atom-diatom chemical reactions is modified by using a numerical spline interpolation technique. This procedure is shown to have great flexibility in giving a potential surface desired characteristics, such as the saddle-point location and the barrier height and curvature at this point, for either symmetrical or unsymmetrical reactions. Extensions of the method to non-reactive and non-collinear potential surfaces are also discussed.
COUNSELING THE CULTURALLY DIFFERENT CLIENT: A BLACK-WHITE COLLABORATIVE VIEW

Uncovering the Value Impositions of Social Scientists – A Prelude to Change and Understanding in Counseling and Education.
Ultrastructural characterization of intermediate cells of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid.

Abstract Five cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland were studied ultrastructurally. In addition to epidermoid cells (tonofilament-rich) and mucous cells, three forms of intermediate cells were identified: mitochondria-rich cells, glycogen-rich cells, and ribosome-rich cells. Transitional forms of all cell types were observed. Ultrastructurally, cells rich in glycogen appeared to be the “clear cells” by light microscopy; cells rich in ribosomes appeared basophilic under light microscopy. Mitochondria-rich cells were lightly eosinophilic under light microscopy.
Inpatient Mortality After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Analysis from the National Inpatient Sample Database

Although inpatient mortality rates following total hip arthroplasty are low, understanding factors that influence inpatient mortality rates is important. Discharge data from the 2007-2008 HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample database were used in this study. Patients were identified based on whether they were admitted for a primary total hip arthroplasty and grouped based on their mortality status. All hip and acetabular fracture patients were excluded. Discharge data revealed 508,150 primary total hip arthroplasties with an inpatient mortality rate of 0.13%. The most significant pre-operative predictors of inpatient mortality were increasing age, weekend admission, increased Charlson co-mobidity score, Medicare payer status, race and a Southern hospital region. The two most significant complications post-operatively leading to increased mortality were pulmonary and cardiovascular complications.
Measuring the IPv4-IPV6 IVI translation overhead

While IPv6 deployment in the Internet continues to grow slowly at present, the imminent exhaustion of IPv4 addresses will encourage its increased use over the next several years. However, due to the predominance of IPv4 in the Internet, the transition to IPv6 is likely to take a long time. During the transition period, translation mechanisms will enable IPv6 hosts and IPv4 hosts to communicate with each other. For example, translation can be used when a server or application works with IPv4 but not with IPv6, and the effort or cost to modify the code is large. Stateless and stateful translation is the subject of several recent IETF RFCs. We measure the overhead due to the new IVI translator, which is viewed as a design for stateless translation, by measuring the internal timing for a freely available Linux implementation of IVI. To study the impact of operating system overhead on IVI translation, we also implement the IVI translator on a bare PC that runs applications without an operating system or kernel. Our results show that translating IPv4 packets into IPv6 packets is more expensive than the reverse, and that address mapping is the most expensive IVI operation. While both implementations of IVI have low overhead, a modest performance gain is obtained due to using a bare PC.