cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide Sensing Technologies for Next-Generation Cyber-Physical Systems

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas, and environmental pollutant. Its detection and control in residential and industrial environments are necessary in order to avoid potentially severe health problems in humans. In this review paper, we discuss the importance of furthering research in CO sensing technologies for finding the proper material with low-range detection ability in very optimum condition. We build our discussion through the perspective of a cyber-physical system (CPS) modeling framework, because it provides a comprehensive framework to model and develop automated solutions for detection and control of poisonous chemical compounds, such as the CO. The most effective CO sensors, then, can be used in CPS network to provide a pathway for real-time monitoring and control in both industrial and household environment. In this paper, first, we discuss the necessity of CO detection, the proposal of a basic CPS framework for modeling and system development, how the CPS-CO model can be beneficiary to the environment, and a general classification of the various CO detection mechanisms. Next, a broad overview emphasizes the sensitivity, selectivity, response and recovery time, low concentration detection ability, effects of external parameters and other specifications that characterize the performance of the sensing methods proposed so far. We will discuss recent studies reported on the use of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensing technologies for the detection of CO. MOS based micro-sensors play an important role in the measurement and monitoring of various trace amounts of CO gas. These sensors are used to sense CO through changes in their electrical properties. In addition to MOS based sensors, optical sensing methods have recently become popular, due to their increased performance. Hence, a brief overview of newly proposed optical based CO detection methods is provided as well.
Language change and linguistic inquiry in a world of multicompetence: Sustained phonetic drift and its implications for behavioral linguistic research

Abstract Linguistic studies focusing on monolinguals have often examined individuals with considerable experience using another language. Results of a methodological review suggest that conflating ostensibly ‘multicompetent’ individuals with monolinguals is still common practice. A year-long longitudinal study of speech production demonstrates why this practice is problematic. Adult native English speakers recently arrived in Korea showed significant changes in their production of English stops and vowels (in terms of voice onset time, fundamental frequency, and formant frequencies) during Korean classes and continued to show altered English production a year later, months after their last Korean class. Consistent with an I ncidental P rocessing H ypothesis (IPH) concerning the processing of ambient linguistic input, some changes persisted even in speakers who reported limited active use of Korean in their daily life. These patterns thus suggest that the linguistic experience obtained in a foreign language environment induces and then prolongs restructuring of the native language, making the multicompetent native speaker in a foreign language environment unrepresentative of a monolingual in a native language environment. Such restructuring supports the view that one’s native language continues to evolve in adulthood, highlighting the need for researchers to be explicit about a population under study and to accordingly control (and describe) language background in a study sample.
Modeling Pedestrian and Motorist Interaction at Semi-Controlled Crosswalks: The Effects of a Change from One-Way to Two-Way Street Operation:

A large number of crosswalks are indicated by pavement markings and signs, but are not signal-controlled. In this paper, such a location is called “semi-controlled.” At locations where such a cross...
DOA Estimation in Systems with Nonlinearities for MMWAVE Communications

Accurate and efficient methods for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation play an important role in mmWave channel estimation methods. This estimation procedure can potentially be affected by the different RF and analog components in the communication system. Such components add an unknown, nonlinear distortion to the received signal. We address the DOA estimation problem for a general nonlinear distortion of the received signal. Two different angle recovery scenarios are considered: with and without the use of pilot symbols. The analysis focuses on the transformation of the signal subspace, resulting from the communication system nonlinearities. We prove that under certain conditions on the nonlinearity, the signal subspace is preserved. The derived result implies that the angles can be recovered without calibrating or inverting the nonlinearity.
Intraluminal indocyanine green for intraoperative staple line leak testing in bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgical procedures have recognized benefits for morbidly obese patients. Unfortunately, staple line leaks remain a profound complication after these procedures. Currently available intraoperative surveillance modalities have multiple drawbacks, such as requiring an available upper endoscope and experienced endoscopist. Additionally, increased procedure time and resources are needed to perform intraoperative endoscopy and maintain equipment. This is a retrospective cohort study of all bariatric patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy procedures performed by one attending surgeon at a tertiary care facility designated as a bariatric surgical center of excellence. Patients were grouped based on procedure date being before (September 2016 to mid-October 2018) or after (mid-October 2018 to March 2019) implementation of a novel intraluminal indocyanine green leak testing protocol. Diluted indocyanine green was injected via orogastric bougie intraluminally at the location of the gastric staple line and observed with near-infrared imaging from the intraperitoneal perspective for evidence of immunofluorescence extravasation. Data from the electronic medical record and bariatric surgical outcomes database were gathered to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of this new intraoperative diagnostic modality. Total of 196 patients underwent bariatric surgery with intraoperative leak testing using the gastroscopy method; of these, there were 3 false negatives and 193 true negatives. Total of 59 patients underwent bariatric surgery with intraoperative leak testing using the intraluminal ICG method; of these, there was 1 true positive, 1 false positive, 0 false negatives, and 57 true negatives. Indocyanine green leak testing had a sensitivity of 100.00% and specificity of 98.28%. Intraluminal indocyanine green is an alternative for intraoperative detection of staple line integrity during bariatric surgical procedures with comparable specificity to intraoperative gastroscopy.
Evaluating COVID-19 Lockdown and Business-Sector-Specific Reopening Policies for Three US States

Background: The United States has been particularly hard-hit by COVID-19, accounting for approximately 30% of all global cases and deaths from the disease that have been reported as of May 20, 2020. We extended our agent-based model for COVID-19 transmission to study the effect of alternative lockdown and reopening policies on disease dynamics in Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi. Specifically, for each state we simulated the spread of the disease had the state enforced its lockdown approximately one week earlier than it did. We also simulated Georgia's reopening plan under various levels of physical distancing if enacted in each state, making projections until June 15, 2020. Methods: We used an agent-based SEIR model that uses population-specific age distribution, household structure, contact patterns, and comorbidity rates to perform tailored simulations for each region. The model was first calibrated to each state using publicly available COVID-19 death data as of April 23, then implemented to simulate given lockdown or reopening policies. Results: Our model estimated that imposing lockdowns one week earlier could have resulted in hundreds fewer COVID-19-related deaths in the context of all three states. These estimates quantify the effect of early action, a key metric to weigh in developing prospective policies to combat a potential second wave of infection in each of these states. Further, when simulating Georgia’s plan to reopen select businesses as of April 27, our model found that a reopening policy that includes physical distancing to ensure no more than 25% of pre-lockdown contact rates at reopened businesses could allow limited economic activity to resume in any of the three states, while also eventually flattening the curve of COVID-19-related deaths by June 15, 2020.
Prioritization of Critical Factors for the Improvement in the Visual Daily Shop Floor Management in Manufacturing Using AHP—A Case Study

This paper discusses the framework for identifying the critical factors in the visual daily production management system of an aircraft engine overhaul company aiming at reaching Operational Excellence with higher effectivity. This topic is very important because considering the continuous advances in information and communication technologies, organizations are generating and dealing with increasingly amount of data. Managers are often overwhelmed with data reports collected from multiple systems such as ERP, performance scorecards, and intelligence software. Team involvement around production targets in a volatile global environment is critical for companies that want to high-perform on managing their operations. An excellent tool for coordinating the production flow while spreading the teamwork spirit is the daily visual management. With the support of the ERP system, and several data collection, it is possible to visually show the dynamics of the production, processes that are working well, and processes that are bottlenecks, which need more attention. As a methodological approach, a case study was conducted, by conducting a survey, based on information obtained from previous literature and in interviews with employees from the field. As a result, the method revealed that the most significant factors for the Improvement in the Visual Daily Shop Floor Management in Manufacturing are: Communication (Meetings with leadership and dialogue with collaborators); Standardization (a single channel of metrics); Scanning (ADD technology to sup-port other factors); Participation (Give resources to employees to participate and give feedback) and Speed (Implement Kanban for identification and immediate response to problems.
Sustainable alternative fuel effects on energy consumption of jet engines

Abstract High thermal stability enables engine manufacturers to increase the reliance on fuel as a heat sink while reducing the reliance on air, which wastes the energy used to compress it or increases aircraft drag. While the direct impact of waste heat recovery can translate into an energy savings of 0.2% if the maximum fuel temperature limit is increased to 160 °C (from 127 °C), there is a larger impact from a variety of options to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine. In this work, it is predicted that a combined savings of 0.5% or more is possible, 60% of which stems from leveraging the high thermal stability that synthetic fuels can afford. The engine performance and fuel system models that were developed to make these predictions, together with previously developed models to predict fuel properties from composition, have also been used in a series of Monte Carlo simulations to gage the impact of fuel composition variation on engine efficiency. A range of increased efficiency of 0.17% or 0.25% is predicted at high and low power, respectively. This works establishes a methodology to incorporate jet engine efficiency as an objective function in an algorithm designed to optimize sustainable alternative (jet) fuel composition.
Bridging the Gap: ‘Doing Gender’, ‘Hegemonic Masculinity’, and the Educational Troubles of Boys

This article reviews popular and social scientific perspectives on the academic gender gap in education, specifically the finding that boys underperform compared to girls. The article highlights the utility of sociology in analyzing the gender gap and in guiding how educators respond to students’ gender. It suggests that contemporary gender theories ‘doing gender’ and ‘hegemonic masculinity’ offer the best lenses through which to view academic gender differences. These perspectives can frame boys’ academic troubles as an important social problem, but one that is rooted in the social construction of masculinity rather than institutional discrimination against boys.
Quantum Computing Discrete Logarithms with the Help of a Preprocessed State

An alternative quantum algorithm for the discrete logarithm problem is presented. The algorithm uses two quantum registers and two Fourier transforms whereas Shor's algorithm requires three registers and four Fourier transforms. A crucial ingredient of the algorithm is a quantum state that needs to be constructed before we can perform the computation. After one copy of this state is created, the algorithm can be executed arbitrarily many times.
NADH-dependent glutamate synthase from lupin nodules. Reactions with oxidised and reduced 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide.

3-Acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (AcPdADH) is able to act as an alternative reductant in glutamate-synthase-catalysed glutamate synthesis. In the AcPdADH-dependent reaction, kcat and Km values for the other substrates are fourfold lower than those for the NADH-dependent reaction, and Km for AcPdADH is about 3 μM. AcPdADH acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADH in NADH-dependent glutamate synthesis, with a Ki of 1 fμM. Glutamate synthase catalyses NADH-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+. This appears to proceed by a substituted-enzyme (ping-pong) mechanism, with competitive substrate inhibition by NADH at high levels. The Km value for this reaction are 1.4 μM for NADH and 14 μM for ACPdAD+ and kcat, is 51 s−; K1 for NADH is about 10 μM. The latter findings suggest that NADH is capable of reducing the enzyme molecule in the absence of other substrates and that a reduced form of the enzyme can exist in the absence of bound NADH.
A Study on Aging Characteristics of Silicone Oil in HV Oil-filled Cable Termination Based on Infrared Thermal Imaging Test

In order to assess the aging characteristics of Silicone oil in the high voltage oil-filled cable ter- mination after being operated 12 years, the silicone oil in service were studied using the infrared imaging detec- tion, Fourier infrared spectrum analysis, and dielectric properties and micro water content test. The relationship between the infrared thermal imaging temperature and the physical and chemical properties was considered. The results indicate that, the operating temperature of silicone oil within the terminal based on the infrared thermal imaging testing can be characterization of silicone oil aging state. The aging characteristic peak of Silicone oil is P-H key stretching vibration peak, which is near 2360cm- 1, Si-CH3, -CH3 and Si-O-Si keys have no influence of before and after aging. In addition, the aging properties of silicone oil can be reviewed by the change of the dielectric properties, and the decline of the dielectric properties is caused by the aging and water content of mate- rials. The results will be helpful for research of silicone oil aging and optimization design of anti-aging, serving as references for the manufacture, design, and operation.
Effect of Hot Water Treatments on Eradication of "Phaeomoniella chlamydospora" and "Phaeoacremonium inflatipes" from Dmant Grapevine Wood

Hot water treatments were applied to eradicate Phaeoacremonium inflatipes and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora from dormant grapevine wood. A thirty-minute hot water treatment at 51°C did not eliminate these pathogens from dormant wood cuttings. Cuttings first inoculated with Pa. chlamydospora or Pm. inflatipes or both fungi, and then subjected to a hot water treatment were either incubated in crispers, or planted for six to eight weeks. Vascular discoloration was scored followed by isolation from the cuttings onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.1 g l-1 tetracycline (PDA-tet). Isolations confirmed the presence of the pathogens in the inoculated, hot-water treated cuttings as well as in the inoculated, untreated control cuttings. This finding, along with earlier research on the direct effect of hot water on the mycelium of these species, leads to the conclusion that hot water treatments are ineffective in eliminating vine decline pathogens from dormant wood.
The Chemistry of Iron–Alkyl Complexes

Iron-alkyl complexes are found as intermediates in a variety of homogenous organometallic reactions. The chapter deals with the synthesis, stability and reactions of iron-alkyl complexes. Wilkinson and Piper in 1956 were the first to report an iron-alkyl complex, and these investigations lead to the discovery of a whole range of reactions involving these complexes. This chapter will firstly cover the preparation of iron-alkyl complexes, followed by the main categories of reactions in which these complexes take part, mainly CO insertion reactions and electrophilic cleavage reactions. A brief account of the role of FpMe (Fp = CpFe(CO)2) complexes in catalytic processes are also included in this chapter. Keywords: iron-alkyls; stability; insertion; oxidative addition; reductive elimination; migration; electrophilic cleavage; chiral; stereochemistry; carbonylation
Ultrafast optical switching based on nonlinear polarization rotation in silicon waveguides.

We experimentally realize ultrafast all-optical switching in the 1.5-µm spectral region using cross-phase modulation inside a 5-mm long silicon waveguide. Modulation depths of up to 90% and switching window durations ~1 ps are achieved using 500-fs pump pulses with energies below 10 pJ.
Anesthesia for Ambulatory Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology Procedures

The radiology suite presents the anesthesia provider with a unique set of challenges such as ionizing radiation, intravascular contrast, magnetic fields, physical separation and barriers from the patient, so-called borrowed space, and the large range of procedures performed. Most of these procedures will continue to be performed without the presence of an anesthesia team but, because of the ever-increasing complexity of the procedures being performed and the increasing comorbidities of patients, the anesthesia provider will likely be called more often to provide care. A thorough understanding of these challenges is essential to providing a safe anesthetic in a difficult environment.
Inductive Effects on the Energetics of Prolyl Peptide Bond Isomerization: Implications for Collagen Folding and Stability.

The hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen increases the stability of the collagen triple helix. Previous X-ray diffraction analyses had demonstrated that the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent on the pyrrolidine ring of proline residues has significant structural consequences [Panasik, N., Jr.; Eberhardt, E. S.; Edison, A. S.; Powell, D. R.; Raines, R. T. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1994 , 44, 262−269]. Here, NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were used to ascertain kinetic and thermodynamic properties of N-acetyl-[β,γ-13C]d,l-proline methyl ester (1); N-acetyl-4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline [13C]methyl ester (2); and N-acetyl-4(R)-fluoro-l-proline methyl ester (3). The pKa's of the nitrogen atom in the parent amino acids decrease in the following order: proline (10.8) > 4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline (9.68) > 4(R)-fluoro-l-proline (9.23). In water or dioxane, amide I vibrational modes decrease in the following order: 1 > 2 > 3. At 37 °C in dioxane, the rate constants for amide bond isomerization are greater...
Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: Pediatric growth plate injuries

Musculoskeletal injuries are frequently the reason children and adolescents seek care in the emergency department. In the skeletally immature patient, injury to the open growth plate can occur. When missed or mismanaged, these injuries can result in growth plate arrest. The emergency physician needs to remain vigilant for these injuries. This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency physician.
The “Business of Acquisitions” regional institute

The latest in the series of regional institutes on The Business of Acquisitions was presented by ALA’s Association for Library Collections & Technical Services (ALCTS) on June 6-7, 1991. The institute was planned by the Resources Section, Acquisitions Committee and cosponsored by the New England Technical Services Librarians (a division of the New England Library Association) and the Association of College and Research Libraries/New England Chapter. It was held at Emmanuel College in Boston. The Regional Institute Planning Subcommittee was cochaired by Marilyn McSweeney (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Carol Chamberlain (Pennsylvania State University). Bonnie Naifeh Hili (Tufts University) chaired the Local Arrangements Committee. The diverse faculty of 28 included librarians, publishers, and vendors, and the audience of 125 represented a broad range of experience in different types of libraries and bookselling companies. After an introductory keynote address on the first morning, the intense schedule contained high-powered panel discussions on general topics interspersed with concurrent focus sessions on narrow issues of acquisitions. The following report summarizes each of the sessions, covering major points and particularly noting where current trends may shape the future of acquisitions. Three reporters assisted with the preparation of these summaries: Sandra Beehler (Cornell University Law Library), Beth Jacoby (University of Delaware Library), and Barbara Winters (Virginia Commonwealth University Library). Their reports are indicated in the endnotes.
Cognitive aspects of food searching behavior in free-ranging wild Common Carp

Although laboratory experiments have shown that many fishes, Goldfish (Carassius auratus) in particular, employ relatively sophisticated orientation strategies to learn the location of food in laboratory arenas, this ability has not been rigorously tested in the natural environment. In this study we documented the ability of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), a close relative of Goldfish, to learn the location of newly introduced food in a lake. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which determined that carp feed largely at night. The second used this information and tracked the day- and night-time locations of 34 radio-tagged carp before and then while a food reward was introduced at a specific location in the lake for 10 days. Before the introduction of the reward, carp maintained small (∼100 m × 70 m), isolated home ranges which expanded slightly at night. This movement pattern changed after the reward was added when on the fourth night six radiotagged carp visited and exploited the reward and then returned to their home areas after sunrise. This pattern persisted for the rest of the experiment with increasing numbers of carp visiting the reward each night (21 of 34 carp visited on the tenth night) and returning to their home ranges each day. The speed and precision with which wild carp learned to exploit this reward is consistent with the social learning and spatial memory skills that they and their relatives have shown in laboratory arenas. This is particularly impressive given the turbid conditions in the lake and the lack of obvious visual landmarks.
Bitmap index design and evaluation

Bitmap indexing has been touted as a promising approach for processing complex adhoc queries in read-mostly environments, like those of decision support systems. Nevertheless, only few possible bitmap schemes have been proposed in the past and very little is known about the space-time tradeoff that they offer. In this paper, we present a general framework to study the design space of bitmap indexes for selection queries and examine the disk-space and time characteristics that the various alternative index choices offer. In particular, we draw a parallel between bitmap indexing and number representation in different number systems, and define a space of two orthogonal dimensions that captures a wide array of bitmap indexes, both old and new. Within that space, we identify (analytically or experimentally) the following interesting points: (1) the time-optimal bitmap index; (2) the space-optimal bitmap index; (3) the bitmap index with the optimal space-time tradeoff (knee); and (4) the time-optimal bitmap index under a given disk-space constraint. Finally, we examine the impact of bitmap compression and bitmap buffering on the space-time tradeoffs among those indexes. As part of this work, we also describe a bitmap-index-based evaluation algorithm for selection queries that represents an improvement over earlier proposals. We believe that this study offers a useful first set of guidelines for physical database design using bitmap indexes.
Optimizing Decoupling Capacitors in 3D Circuits for Power Grid Integrity

This article studies one of the EDA problems for 3D IC design. The article presents a design automation solution for power grid optimization in 3D ICs. The authors propose a congestion-aware 3D power supply network optimization algorithm, which applies a sequence-of-linear-programs-based method to optimize the power grid design. We explore the trade-offs between MIM decaps and traditional CMOS decaps in chip design, and we propose a congestion-aware 3D power supply network optimization algorithm to optimize this trade-off. One of the novel features of our work is that it optimizes the power supply network using both conventional CMOS decaps and metal insulator-metal (MIM) decaps. However, because MIM decaps are built between layers of metal interconnects, they present routing blockages to nets that attempt to cross them, and therein lies the trade-off. The properties of MIM decaps make them attractive for both 2D and 3D chips, but we pay particular attention to the 3D decap problem in this article because, first, the power integrity problem is particularly critical in 3D, and requires novel approaches that leverage advances in materials, and second, the added complexity of handling routing blockages in a constrained environment makes the 3D problem especially challenging.
Acute postoperative thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer

Background. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in the acute postoperative setting is a recently recognized syndrome that, similar to classic or idiopathic TTP, presents variably with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, renal failure, and mental status changes. Though most reports of postoperative TTP are in conjunction with cardiac or vascular surgery, it has also been reported following orthopedic and abdominal surgeries. Case. We present a case of a 53 year-old female diagnosed with metastatic poorly differentiated endometrial cancer who developed TTP the day following her cytoreductive cancer surgery. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of postoperative TTP following gynecologic cancer surgery. Because the presentation can be confused with other early postoperative complications, awareness of this syndrome is essential as initiation of plasmapheresis can be life-saving.
Immunolocalization of FXIIIa+ Dendritic Cells in Human Burn Wounds

Abstract Dermal dendrocytes constitute a population of indigenous antisen-presenting cells that have been implicated in dermal inflammation and may have a role in wound healing. They are identified by expression of the transglutaminase coagulation Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) and a perivascular distribution in the papillary dermis. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to localize and characterize FXIIIa+ cells in healing burn wounds. Wound specimens from Postburn Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 30, and 49 were collected from 18 patients at the time of excision and grafting, processed for immunolabeling, and labeled with an antibody to FXIIIa. Tissue sections were also double-labeled with the anti-FXIIIa and with antibodies to CD68, specific for macrophases, CD45, specific for bone marrow-derived cells, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for proliferation. Antigen-presenting status was evaluated using an antibody to the major histocompatibility complex HLA-DR. The dermis subjacent to the tongue of proliferating epithelium at the wound edge had increased numbers of FXIIIa+ dendritic cells compared to the cellular distribution in uninjured skin, FXIIIa+ dendritic cells were absent from the burned dermis on all postburn days examined in this study. However, capillaries in the deep dermis had a FXIIIa+ granular staining pattern. CD68+ cells and CD45+ cells were present throughout the wound bed at all stages of healing, indicating an inflammatory cell response in the injured dermis. Antibodies to PCNA did not colocalize to FXIIIa+ cells, suggesting that the dermal dendrocytes were not proliferating. The antibody to HLA-DR localized to some, but not all of the FXIIIa+ dendritic cells. We have identified FXIIIa+ dendritic cells at the edges of human burn wounds and have speculated that expression of FXIIIa may not represent a unique inflammatory cell type. Inconsistent localization of other inflammatory cell markers suggests that multiple cell types may express FXIIIa. If this is true, cellular expression of this common transglutaminase may relate to a state of cellular differentiation or activity. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance of FXIIIa expression by dermal cells in a wound bed.
The generalizability of participants in Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program 474, a multi-site randomized cardiac bypass surgery trial

Abstract Objective The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) initiated a multi-site randomized trial (CSP 474) to determine graph patency between radial artery or saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). In this paper, we describe the study and compare participants' baseline characteristics to non-participants who received CABG surgery in the VA. Method We identified our participants in the VA administrative databases along with all other CABG patients who did not have a concomitant valve procedure between FY2003 and FY2008. We extracted demographic, clinical information and organizational information at the time of the surgery from the databases. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with participation at three levels: between participants and non-participants within participating sites, between participating sites and non-participating sites, between participants and all non-participants. Results Enrollment ended in early 2008. Participants were similar to non-participants across many parameters. Likewise, participating sites were also quite similar to non-participating sites, although participating sites had a higher volume of CABG surgery, a lower percentage of CABG patients with a prior inpatient mental health admission than non-participating sites. After controlling for site differences, CSP 474 participants were younger and had fewer co-morbid conditions than non-participants. Conclusions Participants were significantly younger than non-participants. Participants also had lower rates of some cardiac-related illness including, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease than non-participants.
A Microdischarge-Based Deflecting-Cathode Pressure Sensor in a Ceramic Package

This paper describes a microdischarge-based pressure sensor for harsh liquid environments that utilizes a ceramic package sealed with a deflecting diaphragm that also serves as a cathode. Located within the package is a reference cathode and an anode. The microdischarges are created between the two cathodes and the anode. The external pressure deflects the diaphragm, varying the interelectrode spacing and changing the differential current between the two competing cathodes. The electrodes are fabricated from a Ni foil and separated by dielectric spacers within a micromachined glass cavity. The structures are enclosed within a 1.6-mm3 ceramic surface mount package. Device sensitivity is approximately 4900 ppm/ lbf/in2 (72 000 ppm/atm), and diaphragm displacement is approximately 0.15 μm/atm.
A comparison of two sampling techniques in the study of submersed macrophyte richness and abundance

Abstract Sampling procedures represent a critical component of plant community studies, particularly for deep-water submersed species that are not easily observed. Here, two methods of submersed macrophyte sampling are compared for their accuracy and consistency. During 2 years of study, in-water sampling produced higher values of total species richness (nine species compared with eight in 1996 and 14 species compared with 10 in 1997), mean species richness in quadrats (2.3 compared with 1.4 in 1996, 2.2 compared with 1.1 in 1997) and frequency for all species than the boat surveys did. Small species were particularly vulnerable to underestimation in boat surveys. In-water sampling was also less variable, producing higher mean-to-variance ratios.
When the Head Protects the Heart: Empathic Accuracy in Dating Relationships

This study investigated circumstances in which romantic partners may be motivated to inaccurately infer each other's thoughts and feelings. Dating couples rated and discussed pictures of opposite-sex people with whom they might later interact in a dating context. Couples evaluated either highly attractive persons or less attractive persons. As predicted, dating partners who were close, who were insecure about their relationship, and who evaluated highly attractive opposite-sex persons displayed the least empathic accuracy when they tried to infer each other's actual thoughts and feelings from the videotape of the rating and discussion task. The effects of these variables were additive, and they were mediated by the degree of perceived threat to the relationship. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
POSTER: A semantic-aware approach to reasoning about network traffic relations

This paper addresses the problem of reasoning about relations between network packets on a host or in a network. Our analysis approach is to discover the causal relations among network packets, and use the relational structure of network events to identify anomalous activities that cannot be attributed to a legitimate cause. The key insight that motivates our traffic-analysis approach is that higher-order information such as the underlying relations of events is useful for human experts' cognition and decision making. We design a new pairing method that produces special pairwise features, so that the discovery problem can be efficiently solved with existing binary classification methods. Preliminary experiments involving real world HTTP and DNS traffic show promising evidence of the accuracy of inferring the network traffic relations using our semantic-aware approach.
Quasi-integrals of even-dimensional linear differential systems with skew-symmetric coefficient matrices

For a linear nonstationary system with skew-symmetric continuously differentiable coefficient matrix of arbitrary even dimension, we construct its quasi-integrals and obtain effective coefficient estimates for their deviations from the corresponding integrals in the stationary case. For each trajectory of motion described by such a system and lying on the sphere of the corresponding radius, these estimates permit precisely indicating a domain on the sphere containing the trajectory on a nonsmall time interval. The estimates can also be used for expanding the multidimensional motion of a mechanical object into multicomponent elements of lower dimension.
Forbidden subgraphs and Hamiltonian properties of graphs

Various sufficient conditions are given, in terms of forbidden subgraphs, that imply a graph is either homogeneously traceable, hamiltonian or pancyclic.
Purification and characterization of the tRNA-processing enzyme RNase BN.

RNase BN, a tRNA-processing enzyme previously shown to be required for the 3′-maturation of certain bacteriophage T4-encoded tRNAs, was overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity from Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme, which is free of nucleic acid, is an α2-dimer with a molecular mass of ∼65 kDa. RNase BN displays a number of unusual catalytic properties compared with the other exoribonucleases of E. coli. The enzyme is most active at pH 6.5 in the presence of Co2+ and high concentrations of monovalent salts. It is highly specific for tRNA substrates containing an incorrect residue within the universal 3′-CCA sequence. Thus, tRNA-CU and tRNA-CA are effective substrates, whereas intact tRNA-CCA, elongated tRNA-CCA-Cn, phosphodiesterase-treated tRNA, and the closely related tRNA-CC are essentially inactive as substrates. RNA or DNA oligonucleotides also are not substrates. These data indicate that RNase BN has an extremely narrow substrate specificity. However, since tRNA molecules with incorrect residues within the -CCA sequence are not normally produced in E. coli, the role of RNase BN in uninfected cells remains to be determined.
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus pacemaker endocarditis: a case report

Background Aggregatibacter bacteria are a rare cause of endocarditis in adults. They are part of a group of organisms known as HACEK – Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacter, Eikenella, and Kingella. Among these organisms, several Haemophilus species have been reclassified under the genus Aggregatibacter. Very few cases of Aggregatibacter endocarditis in patients with pacemaker devices have been reported.
Timing of Periarterial Blood Removal for the Prevention of Vasonecrosis

In an attempt to provide some data on the time interval during which surgical removal of subarachnoid blood would be beneficial for the prevention of the vasospasm-vasonecrosis syndrome, we have performed experiments on the femoral arteries of rabbits. Blood was allowed to clot around the exposed femoral artery and then removed at 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours. These experiments reveal that after 24 hours of blood contact the arteries appear normal, whereas after 36 hours or more of blood contact a definite pathologic reaction is present. On the basis of these animal experiments, we recommend that if an attempt is to be made at the prevention of delayed neurologic deterioration by surgical removal of clotted blood from around the cerebral arteries, the surgery should be performed within 36 hours or as soon there after as possible.
Behavior of Post-emergent Lake Trout Fry in the Presence of the Alewife, a Non-native Predator

Although predation by non-native alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) on lake trout fry (Salvelinus namaycush) has been documented, whether or not emergent lake trout fry innately recognize alewives as predators is unknown. This study investigated the behavior of post-emergent, free-swimming lake trout fry in the presence of alewives. Study objectives were to determine (1) if fry respond to the presence of alewives and show an avoidance behavior, (2) if the fry behavior appeared to be innate or learned, and (3) whether alewives will catch and eat post-emergent fry. The influence of alewives on fry behavior and vertical distribution were determined by adding alewives to tanks containing lake trout fry. Fry immediately reacted to the introduction of alewives by fleeing even though alewives showed no predatory behavior. When lake trout fry were introduced into tanks with and without alewives, more fry were distributed near the top and fewer fry near the middle of the tanks with alewives. Predation of postemergent fry occurred immediately in the second experiment. Survival of fry after 5 days in tanks with alewife averaged 57% in contrast to 94.5% in the control tanks. We conclude that post-emergent lake trout fry, while innately able to recognize alewives as a predator and show evasive behavior, are still vulnerable to predation.
The Moses, Mega-Moses, and Armstrong Illusions: Integrating Language Comprehension and Semantic Memory

This study develops a new theory of the Moses illusion, observed in responses to general knowledge questions such as, “How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark?” People often respond “two” rather than “zero” despite knowing that Noah, not Moses, launched the Ark. Our theory predicted two additional types of conceptual error demonstrated here: the Armstrong and mega-Moses illusions. The Armstrong illusion involved questions resembling, “What was the famous line uttered by Louis Armstrong when he first set foot on the moon?” People usually comprehend such questions as valid, despite knowing that Louis Armstrong was a jazz musician who never visited the moon. This Armstrong illusion was not due to misperceiving the critical words (Louis Armstrong), and occurred as frequently as the Moses illusion (with critical words embedded in identical sentential contexts), but less frequently than the mega-Moses illusion caused when Moses and Armstrong factors were combined.
Individual Risk and Mutual Insurance

This paper examines how, in the presence of individual risk, economic efficiency can be achieved without an unrealistically large number of contingent claims. Market uncertainty is specified in such a way that general types of individual risk and collective risk are properly accounted for and so that, specifically, market clearing is always satisfied ex post as well as ex ante. We show that consistency of beliefs and optimality of allocation can he guaranteed with an appropriate array of pure Arrow securities to spread collective risk and mutual insurance policies to pool individual risk. When there is individual riskcommon to like groups of individuals, pooling risk by means of mutual insurance permits substantial economizing on market transactions, as compared to those required if dealing instead with the full complement of pure Arrow securities. We show that if there are N households (consisting of H types), each facing the possibility of being in S individual states together with T collective States, then ensuring Pareto optimality requires only H(S-1)T independent mutual insurance policies plus T pure Arrow securities. Our results also help to clarify the question of which missing markets may affect allocational efficiency.
Crystalloid array of ferritin particles on the plasma membrane of guinea pig erythroblasts.

Crystalloid array of ferritin particles on the plasma membrane of the guinea pig erythroblast is described. It is postulated that ferritin particles are arranged in a lattice pattern of approximately 250 A in distance. This structure differed from that previously reported in erythroblasts, macrophages, and plasma cells in two aspects; the site of localization and the periodicity. No similar phenomenon was observed in any other myeloid cells under the same conditions nor in erythroblasts of rats and rabbits.
Synergism between atracurium and vecuronium in infants and children during nitrous oxide-oxygen-alfentanil anaesthesia

This study was undertaken to see if infants are more sensitive than children to a combination of atracurium and vecuronium in an equipotent dose ratio: (μg:μg) 5:1 in infants and 4:1 in children. We studied 15 infants (1–11 months old) and 15 children (3–10 yr old) during nitrous oxide-oxygen-alfentanil anaesthesia. Neuromuscular function was recorded by adductor pollicis EMG. An individual dose-response curve of the atra-curium-vecuronium combination was determined for every patient and its potency compared with that of the parent agents alone. The combination was significantly more potent than one parent agent, both in infants (P
MECHANISMS FOR PRESERVED CEREBROVASCULAR AUTOREGULATION DURING HYPERTENSION IN RATS AFTER SINOAORTIC DENERVATION

1. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) autoregulate to higher levels of arterial pressure (AP) in rats after sinoaortic denervation (SAD) than in intact rats. 2. Potential mechanisms for this phenomenon were studied by monitoring CBF by laser flowmetry while increasing AP in rats after: (i) SAD; (ii) SAD plus bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglia; (iii) SAD plus interruption of all renal vessels and nerves (renal isolation); (iv) SAD plus sympathectomy and renal isolation; and (v) intravenous treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine (LNA). 3. Compared to intact control rats autoregulation persisted to higher absolute levels of AP in SAD rats with isolation of the kidneys and resistance did not fall significantly below that in rats with SAD alone. 4. Effects of SAD on autoregulation were not altered by combining renal isolation with an interruption of sympathetics. 5. LNA did not affect the baroreflex but blocked a breakthrough of autoregulation even at a maximal mean AP (MAP) of 189 +/- 2 mmHg. 6. Breakthrough occurred in animals pretreated with LNA plus L-arginine but not in animals given LNA plus D-arginine. 7. These data are consistent with a role of the baroreflex in the expression of breakthrough and suggest that breakthrough may result from release of nitric oxide or a nitric oxide donor.
Benzodiazepine use during buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence: clinical and safety outcomes

Background Prescribing benzodiazepines during buprenorphine treatment is a topic of active discussion. Clinical benefit is unclear. Overdose, accidental injury, and benzodiazepine misuse remain concerns. We examine the relationship between benzodiazepine misuse history, benzodiazepine prescription, and both clinical and safety outcomes during buprenorphine treatment.
All-optical phase modulation in a single-crystal polydiacetylene waveguide

All-optical phase modulation in single crystal waveguides of a polydiacetylene has been investigated by two different interferometric methods: Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac. Large phase changes (> (pi) ) have been observed in a short waveguide (2 mm) for a relatively low optical intensity (-10 MW/cm2), at the wavelength of 1.06 micrometers . These phase changes are due to the off-resonant nonlinearity having an ultrafast (< ps) response time. The results are important in terms of all-optical device applications of these materials. The resonant nonlinearities of these materials were previously studied in detail. The present research is focussed on the off-resonant nonlinearity the origin of which has not been understood as yet.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Detecting and characterizing small voids in mostly diffuse materials

The design of a high-speed range camera capable of providing on-the-fly range map assessment of printed circuit boards is described. The system uses an HeNe laser and time- space coding to achieve 180,000 range measurements per second. System spatial resolution is 0.001 X 0.001 in., and the range resolution is 0.00066 in., with a working depth of range of 3/8 in. We discuss the electro-optic design and present results from various imaging experiments using the instrument.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Relationship of Reading Comprehension to Critical Thinking Skills, Cognitive Ability, and Vocabulary for a Sample of Underachieving College Freshmen

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of reading comprehension for underachieving college freshmen to their critical thinking skills, vocabulary, and cognitive ability. Three te...