cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic limit of a nongradient interacting particle process

A simple example of a “nongradient” stochastic interacting particle system is analyzed. In this model, symmetric simple exclusion in one dimension in a periodic environment, the dynamical term in the Green-Kubo formula contributes to the bulk diffusion constant. The law of large numbers for the density field and the central limit theorem for the density fluctuation field are proven, and the Green-Kubo expression for the diffusion constant is computed exactly. The hydrodynamic equation for the model turns out to be linear.
Knowledge-Based Support Vector Machine Classifiers

Prior knowledge in the form of multiple polyhedral sets, each belonging to one of two categories, is introduced into a reformulation of a linear support vector machine classifier. The resulting formulation leads to a linear program that can be solved efficiently. Real world examples, from DNA sequencing and breast cancer prognosis, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical results show improvement in test set accuracy after the incorporation of prior knowledge into ordinary, data-based linear support vector machine classifiers. One experiment also shows that a linear classifier, based solely on prior knowledge, far outperforms the direct application of prior knowledge rules to classify data.
Single nanoparticle plasmonics

Interest in nanotechnology is driven by the unique and novel properties of nanoscale materials such as the strong interaction of metal particles with light, caused by localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). In this perspective article we review and discuss prominent advantages and advances in single particle studies of plasmonic nanostructures. Common techniques and recent improvements in spatial and spectral resolution will first be outlined, covering both far-field and near-field phenomena. Then, new insight and information uniquely obtained from single particle approaches will be overviewed, including several fundamental studies of plasmonic behaviour, as well as applications using single particle tracking and chemical reaction monitoring. Finally, highly interdisciplinary future directions and experiments are discussed.
Ascorbic acid dynamics in the seriously ill and injured.

Background In addition to the known beneficial effects of ascorbic acid on wound healing and the immune response, it is also a potent extracellular antioxidant. Recent work in septic rats suggests that high-dose ascorbic acid total parenteral nutrition (TPN) supplementation may protect cells from free radical injury and improve survival. In this study, we determined ascorbic acid levels in the immediate post-injury/illness period and evaluated the ability of early short-term high levels of ascorbic acid in TPN to normalize plasma levels. Materials and methods Ascorbic acid levels were determined in 12 critically injured patients and 2 patients with severe surgical infections. Each patient received TPN supplemented with increasing doses of ascorbic acid over a 6-day period. Therapeutic responses were determined by plasma and urine measurements using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results The initial mean +/- SEM baseline plasma ascorbic acid concentration was depressed (0.11 +/- 0.03 mg/dl) and unresponsive following 2 days on 300 mg/day supplementation (0.14 +/- 0.03; P = 1.0) and only approached low normal plasma levels following 2 days on 1000 mg/day (0.32 +/- 0.08; P = 0.36). A significant increase was noted following 2 days on 3000 mg/day (1.2 +/- 0.03; P = 0.005). Conclusion We confirmed extremely low plasma levels of ascorbic acid following trauma and infection. Maximal early repletion of this vitamin requires rapid pool filling early in the post-injury period using supraphysiologic doses for 3 or more days.
A CLIMATIC DRIVER FOR ABRUPT MID‐HOLOCENE VEGETATION DYNAMICS AND THE HEMLOCK DECLINE IN NEW ENGLAND

The mid-Holocene decline of eastern hemlock is widely viewed as the sole prehistorical example of an insect- or pathogen-mediated collapse of a North American tree species and has been extensively studied for insights into pest-host dynamics and the consequences to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of dominant-species removal. We report paleoecological evidence implicating climate as a major driver of this episode. Data drawn from sites across a gradient in hemlock abundance from dominant to absent demonstrate: a synchronous, dramatic decline in a contrasting taxon (oak); changes in lake sediments and aquatic taxa indicating low water levels; and one or more intervals of intense drought at regional to continental scales. These results, which accord well with emerging climate reconstructions, challenge the interpretation of a biotically driven hemlock decline and highlight the potential for climate change to generate major, abrupt dynamics in forest ecosystems.
Gaussian beam shaping based on multimode interference

Laser beam transformation utilizing the effect of multimode interference in multimode (MM) optical fiber is thoroughly investigated. When a Gaussian beam is launched to an MM fiber, multiple eigenmodes of the MM fiber are excited. Due to interference of the excited modes, optical fields that vary with the MM fiber length and the signal wavelength are generated at the output facet of the MM fiber. Diffractive propagation of these confined fields can yield various desired intensity profiles in free space. Our calculations show that, an input fundamental Gaussian beam can be transformed to frequently desired beams including top-hat, donut-shaped, taper-shaped, and low-divergence Bessel-like within either the Fresnel or the Fraunhofer diffraction range, or even in both ranges. Experiments on a monothic fiber beam transformers consisting of a short piece of MM fiber (~ 10 mm long) and a single-mode signal delivery fiber were carried out. The experimental results indicate the functionality and high versatility of this simple fiber device. The performance of this fiber device can be easily and widely manipulated through parameters including the ratio between the core diameters of the SM and MM fiber segments and the length of the MM fiber segment. In addition, the intensity profile of the output beam can be controlled by tuning the signal wavelength even after the fiber device is fabricated. Most importantly, this technique is highly compatible with the technology of high power fiber lasers and amplifiers and fiber delivery systems.
A Connectionist Learning Control Architecture for Navigation

A novel learning control architecture is used for navigation. A sophisticated test-bed is used to simulate a cylindrical robot with a sonar belt in a planar environment. The task is short-range homing in the presence of obstacles. The robot receives no global information and assumes no comprehensive world model. Instead the robot receives only sensory information which is inherently limited. A connectionist architecture is presented which incorporates a large amount of a priori knowledge in the form of hard-wired networks, architectural constraints, and initial weights. Instead of hard-wiring static potential fields from object models, my architecture learns sensor-based potential fields, automatically adjusting them to avoid local minima and to produce efficient homing trajectories. It does this without object models using only sensory information. This research demonstrates the use of a large modular architecture on a difficult task.
Partially shaded operation of a grid-tied PV system

Partial shading of a PV installation has a disproportionate impact on its power production. This paper presents background and experimental results from a single string grid-tied PV system, operated under a variety of shading conditions. In this configuration a shadow can represent a reduction in power over 30 times its physical size. Results are presented relating size and positions of shading to power reduction of the PV system. A simulation method is also described that provides an accurate description of shade based on a single site survey. This process can provide the basis for an accurate simulation of power reduction in a partially shaded PV system.
Culture, poverty, politics: Cultural sociologists, Oscar Lewis, Antonio Gramsci:

This paper explores the methodological relevance of the culture concept for the study of poverty by cultural sociologists, Oscar Lewis, and Antonio Gramsci. Cultural sociologists currently dominate poverty studies in America and focus on the relationship of culture and poverty. Oscar Lewis’s idea of the culture of poverty influenced poverty studies by anthropologists in the 1960s. In the early twentieth century Antonio Gramsci argued that culture could serve as a revolutionary force to subvert the domination of the proletariat by the capitalist bourgeoisie. After exploring the political presumptions of each view point I evaluate their ideas against data from a field study of a community action council in America’s 1960s war on poverty.
Analysis of composite gestures with a coherent probabilistic graphical model

Traditionally, gesture-based interaction in virtual environments is composed of either static, posture-based gesture primitives or temporally analyzed dynamic primitives. However, it would be ideal to incorporate both static and dynamic gestures to fully utilize the potential of gesture-based interaction. To that end, we propose a probabilistic framework that incorporates both static and dynamic gesture primitives. We call these primitives Gesture Words (GWords). Using a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), we integrate these heterogeneous GWords and a high-level language model in a coherent fashion. Composite gestures are represented as stochastic paths through the PGM. A gesture is analyzed by finding the path that maximizes the likelihood on the PGM with respect to the video sequence. To facilitate online computation, we propose a greedy algorithm for performing inference on the PGM. The parameters of the PGM can be learned via three different methods: supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid. We have implemented the PGM model for a gesture set of ten GWords with six composite gestures. The experimental results show that the PGM can accurately recognize composite gestures.
The influence of shunt capacitor compensation on the performance of PWM inverter fed induction motor drives

A motor drive system comprising a pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage source inverter feeding a shunt capacitor compensated induction motor is analyzed to ascertain how shunt capacitor compensation improves motor waveform quality and steady-state characteristics. The motor performances under balanced and two fault conditions (motor phase 'a' open and capacitor phase 'a' open) are modeled and compared by simulation and some experimental results. Comparative results show that properly chosen shunt capacitors are effective in eliminating high frequency motor voltage and currents and some of the pulsating torque components. >
Invited Commentary: A Sunbed Epidemic?

The Icelandic study of melanoma trends by Hery et al. in this issue of the Journal (Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(7):762–767) is a fascinating analysis of an ecologic association. The authors noted a sharp increase in melanoma incidence that appeared to lag a few years behind the increased prevalence of sunbeds in Iceland. Caution, however, must be exercised in interpreting the data because of the lack of understanding of emissions of ultraviolet radiation from sunbeds and the ecologic nature of the data.
Inhibition of Methanogenesis in Marine Sediments by Acetylene and Ethylene: Validity of the Acetylene Reduction Assay for Anaerobic Microcosms

Methanogenesis was irreversibly inhibited in sediments by concentrations of acetylene employed in nitrogen fixation assays (1 to 20%, vol/vol). Ethylene, but not ethane, also stopped methane production, and the inhibition was reversed by gassing with hydrogen.
Scattering of light by disordered spherulites

The scattering of light by a two-dimensional spherulite of radius R is calculated when there is disorder of optic axis orientation with respect to the radius. Special cases are considered when (1) the disorder occurs in the radial direction only, (2) the disorder occurs in the angular direction only, (3) there is combined radial and angular disorder, and (4) the optic axis makes a constant angle with the radius but there is disorder in the twist angle about the axis. In all of these calculations, a correlation function for disorder is defined and the scattering pattern depends on the ratio of the associated correlation distance to the size of the spherulite. With decreasing correlation distance, the azimuthal dependence of the scattering becomes less and there is a change in the variation of scattered intensity with scattering angles in a manner dependent upon the type of disorder.
Creating the Zhuang: Ethnic Politics in China. By Katherine Palmer Kaup. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000. 221p. $52.00.

For communists, the "nationalities problem" has always been the major stumbling block to the realization of their social goals. Mao Zedong believed that it would take the longest to solve. "First, classes will be eliminated, then nations, and finally nationalities. Throughout the world it is the same" (p. 113). Inasmuch as policies on nationalities have been the Achilles' heel of the various Chinese communist experiments, it is surprising that it took so long for scholars, especially those in the West, to examine the mainland's largest ethnic minority, the Zhuang. Kaup's fine little book goes a long way to filling the void.
Physical Therapy Management of the Patient with Post-Polio Syndrome

This case report documents the treatment of a patient who experienced progressive muscle weakness and a decrease in function over time that did not appear to be related to any secondary neuromuscular disease. We discuss the relationship between age and maximal muscle function in addition to some general guidelines for rehabilitation. This type of patient can represent a challenge for the physical therapist. This case report, however, illustrates the degree of muscular and functional recovery that can result with a physical therapy program aimed at reducing levels and intensity of exercise, daily activity, and stress. Such a combination of short-term goals appears to be essential to the successful management of a patient with post-polio syndrome.
Headache and Chiari I Malformation in Children and Adolescents

Headache is a common problem in children and adolescents. Its recurrent and disabling nature may lead to use of neuroimaging to exclude secondary causes of headache such as Chiari I malformation (CM I). CM I has a variety of presentation with headache being the most common symptom. CM I can be asymptomatic and is also often found incidentally in neuroimaging done for conditions other than headache. This article reviews the spectrum of headache in patients with CM I.
Positive Effect of Surgery Regardless of Stage on Oropharynx Subsites Base of Tongue and Tonsillar-Fossa: A SEER Analysis

(OPSCC) undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) remains unclear. The purpose of this review was to examine these effects on survival outcomes among a single institute population. Materials/Methods: This retrospective review of OPSCC patients treated with CCRT between 2008 and 2015 was conducted. All tumors were examined for HPV 16/18 status (+/). Smoking status and other clinical characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Former smokers are patients who quit within a month of diagnosis or treatment. Descriptive summaries, overall survival (OS), and multivariate cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) were completed. Results: Out of 134 patients, 94 patients (71%) had HPV-positive (HPV+) tumors. Age, gender, and overall stage were not statistically different between patients with HPV+ or HPV-negative (HPV-) tumors. HPV+ patients had higher tumor grade (P<.01). Patients with HPV+ tumors had a higher percentage of never smokers than patients with HPVtumors (10.3% vs 26.6%). Median pack-years were 18 for the HPV+ group versus 30 for the HPVgroup. OS did not differ for HPV+ versus HPVpatients. Within HPV+ patients, current and former smokers had significantly worse OS than never smokers (P<.01). The same was true for HPVpatients, but the log-rank test for this group did not reach statistical significance (PZ.06). The 3-year survival rate for former smokers in each group was similar (HPV+: 0.77 (0.60, 0.88) and HPV-: 0.75 (0.52, 0.88). Hazard ratios for OS among current smokers compared to never/former smokers in each patient group were statistically significantly higher. Conclusion: Current smoking is associated with poor prognosis, independent of HPV status in OPSCC patients treated with CCRT. Former smokers have similar outcomes irrespective of HPV tumor status. The amount of tobacco a patient is exposed to before diagnosis cannot be altered, but every effort should be made to get patients to quit smoking as soon as possible before CCRT regardless of HPV status. Author Disclosure: A. Platek: None. V. Jakaprakash: None. M. Platek: None. V. Gupta: None. D. Cohan: None. W. Hicks: None. T. Winslow: None. A. Groman: None. S.S. Dibaj: None. H. Arshad: None. M.A. Kuriakose: None. G.W. Warren: None. A.K. Singh: None.
How can chemometrics improve microfluidic research

Chemometrics has the potential to embolden microfluidics to become that enabling technology for so long sought after. In this Feature article, we describe a historical perspective on microfluidics and its current challenges, a perspective on chemometric methods including response surface methodology (RSM), and how a combination of artificial neural network with experimental design (ANN-ED) have demonstrated promise in addressing basic microfluidic problems.
All Silicon Electrode Photocapacitor for Integrated Energy Storage and Conversion

We demonstrate a simple wafer-scale process by which an individual silicon wafer can be processed into a multifunctional platform where one side is adapted to replace platinum and enable triiodide reduction in a dye-sensitized solar cell and the other side provides on-board charge storage as an electrochemical supercapacitor. This builds upon electrochemical fabrication of dual-sided porous silicon and subsequent carbon surface passivation for silicon electrochemical stability. The utilization of this silicon multifunctional platform as a combined energy storage and conversion system yields a total device efficiency of 2.1%, where the high frequency discharge capability of the integrated supercapacitor gives promise for dynamic load-leveling operations to overcome current and voltage fluctuations during solar energy harvesting.
Simulations of Solvation and Solvation Dynamics in an Idealized Ionic Liquid Model

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of solvation and solvation dynamics of a variety of solutes have been performed in the coarse-grained ionic liquid model ILM2 (Roy, D.; Maroncelli, M. J. Phys. Chem. B2010, 114, 12629). Some comparisons are made between ionic and dipolar solvation using parallel simulations in CH3CN. Despite the fact that the multipolar character of electrostatic interactions and their spatial extent differ in the two solvents, solvation energies are equal to within about 10% in ILM2 and CH3CN. This near equality also holds with reduced accuracy in the case of reorganization energies. Solvation energies of spherical solutes in ILM2 and its variants can be correlated as a function of solute and solvent size using a Born-type expression with an effective cavity size. Solvation time correlation functions in ILM2 exhibit a subpicosecond inertial component followed by a broadly distributed component related to solvent viscosity, comparable to what has been observed ...
Assessing student learning outcomes in the competitive market:toward a paradigmatic shift

Driven by market forces, today's higher education institutions can no longer stay within the institutional boundary and use self-defined missions to complete the assessment loop, wishing that the purpose of accountability can be served at the same time. The author proposes a new three-level assessment paradigm that is responsive to the public demand for information. Specifically, institutions need to demonstrate learning outcomes, show return on investment, and ensure social benefits. Assessment activities at each level are conducted according to the needs of the receiving end of information, with each successive assessment level built on information provided the lower level.
Modification of a Model 1400 Helium Liquefier for Operation with a Wet Expander and a Saturated Vapor Compressor

A CTI Model 1400 helium liquefier was modified for operation with a wet expander and a saturated vapor compressor. The J-T stage heat exchanger was replaced with a larger lower pressure drop exchanger. The previously reported wet expander was upgraded and connected in parallel with the J-T valve. A new reciprocating saturated vapor compressor (125 cm bore, 125 cm stroke) was connected downstream of the phase separator/calorimeter. First, the system was operated as a 4.2 K refrigerator with the J-T valve and then with the wet expander only. At approximately 4.7 K, the maximum capacity was 90 W with the wet expander, and 40 W with the J-T valve. When operated with the wet expander and the saturated vapor compressor the minimum temperature was 3.2 K.
If We Build It They Will Come? The Technology Acceptance Model

Global business markets have become more competitive as consumers demand low prices, an increasing variety of goods, and improved product quality. Businesses have turned to information technology to gain performance efficiency in this changing marketplace. Yet, as firms increase their investments in new ­information technology, they may find employees are reluctant to accept and effectively use the new technologies. The technology acceptance model is the most widely used theory by researchers to explore user acceptance. This chapter explores the development, use, and current status of the technology acceptance model, as well as critiques of the technology acceptance model.
Clinical Features of Insomnia

Insomnia refers to a difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep at least three nights per week for at least three months, accompanied by impaired daytime functioning (Table 1.1) [1].
Resisting Exploitation Through Rewiring in Social Networks: Social Welfare Increase using Parity, Sympathy and Reciprocity

We seek to understand how socially desirable traits like sympathy, reciprocity and fairness can survive in environments that include aggressive and exploitative agents. Social scientists have long observed and theorized about ingrained motivational factors as explanations for departures from self-seeking behaviors by human subjects. Some of these factors, namely reciprocity, have also been studied extensively in the context of agent systems as tools for promoting cooperation and improving social welfare in stable societies. In this paper, we investigate how other factors like sympathy and parity can be used by agents to leverage cooperation possibilities while avoiding exploitation traps in more dynamic societies. We evaluate the relative effectiveness of agents using different social considerations when they can change who they interact with in their environment. Such rewiring of social networks not only allows possibly vulnerable agents to avoid exploitation but also allows them to form gainful coalitions to leverage mutually beneficial cooperation, thereby significantly improving social welfare.
fluorescence-guided surgery with panitumumab-IRDye800 and cetuximab-IRDye800 in glioblastoma patients (Conference Presentation)

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. The recurrence rate remains high with a median survival of 15 months. GBM’s infiltrative nature results in ill-defined margins that makes maximal tumor resection with minimal morbidity a challenge. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most frequently amplified gene in GBM (35-45% of tumors) and is associated with overexpression in about 40-98% of cases, a characteristic of more aggressive phenotypes. We hypothesize that fluorescence labeled anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAb), panitumumab-IRDye800 (pan800) and cetuximab-IRDye800 (cet800), could be leveraged to enhance tumor contrast during surgical resection and improve patient outcome. Methods: 50mg fluorescently labeled corresponding study drugs, pan800 and cet800 respectively, were administered 1-2 days in glioblastoma patients with contrast enhancing (CE) tumors prior to surgery following 100 mg loading dose of unlabeled cetuximab or panitumumab. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor and histologically negative peri-tumoral tissue was performed intraoperatively and ex vivo. Fluorescence was measured as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) were calculated by comparing MFIs of tumor and histologically uninvolved tissue. Results: Despite heterogeneous drug uptake across all resected brain tissues, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) correlated strongly (R^2=0.97) with tumor volume among histologically confirmed tumor tissues. The smallest detectable tumor size in a closed-field setting was 4.2 x 2.7 mm^2 (8.2 mg) for pan800 and 8.5 x 6.6 mm^2 (70mg) for cet800. Tumor tissues from pan800 infusion had significantly higher mean TBR (8.1 ± 4.6) than cet800 infused ones in intraoperative imaging (3.3 ± 2.7; P = 0.004). NIR fluorescence from both test drugs provided high contrast to identify as few as a cluster of (5 ± 1) tumor cells in macroscopic imaging of whole sections of paraffin embedded tissues. Sensitivity and specificity of MFI for viable tumor detection was calculated and fluorescence was found to be highly sensitive (64.4% for pan800, 73.0% for cet800) and specific (98.0% for pan800, 66.3% for cet800) for viable tumor tissue while normal peri-tumoral tissue showed minimal fluorescence. No related grade-2 adverse events were observed 30 days beyond the infusion of either study drugs. Conclusion: EGFR antibody based imaging for contrast-enhanced glioblastomas proved safe in human patients and specific intratumoral delivery of NIR fluorescence provided high optical contrast and resolution for intraoperative image-guided resection. Fully humanized panitumumab-IRDye800 demonstrated superior detection sensitivity and tumor specificity over the chimeric cetuximab-IRDye800.
Asian American teachers in U.S. classrooms: identity performances and pedagogical practices

ABSTRACTTeachers’ social identities are an integral part of their professional identities. The present study explores Asian American teachers’ performances of racial/ethnic identities and pedagogic...
Myths and Fallacies in Earthquake Engineering

Current practice in seismic analysis and design is examined, with particular reference to reinforced concrete structures. The attitude of the paper is deliberately iconoclastic, tilting at targets it is hoped will not be seen as windmills. It is suggested that our current emphasis on strength-based design and ductility leads us in directions that are not always rational. A pure displacement-based design approach is advanced as a viable alternative. Improvements resulting from increased sophistication of analyses are seen to be largely illusory. Energy absorption is shown to be a mixed blessing. Finally, accepted practices for flexural design, shear design, development of reinforcement, and the philosophic basis of capacity design are questioned.
Fine-mapping of a major quantitative trait locus Qdff3-1 controlling flowering time in watermelon

Flowering time is crucial in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production as it determines time of fruit set. Early flowering is desirable because it enables crops to escape biotic and abiotic stresses that are intensified by long production cycles. Production of seedless watermelon is also reliant on synchronized flowering of diploid pollenizers and the triploid watermelon cultivars. Utilizing marker-assisted selection (MAS) of flowering time in watermelon breeding would potentially aid in selection for early flowering, which would shorten the production time. A major quantitative trait locus Qdff3-1 (12–17 Mb) associated with days to female flower (R2 = 50%) was previously identified on chromosome 3 of watermelon. In this study, we validated the Qdff3-1 locus using QTL-seq. To determine more precisely the interval of Qdff3-1 and the candidate gene controlling flowering time, SNP markers were identified in the region and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assays were developed for high-throughput genotyping. Markers were tested for trait association on the mapping population, recombinant F2:3 populations, and a panel of differential cultivars. In the KBS x NHM genetic background the QTL was delineated to a 1.13-Mb region, flanked by markers UGA3_14537958 and NW0248748. This region includes the FT and a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) gene. Genotyping the regions of interest in a panel of genetically diverse cultivars suggests that genetic control of flowering time in watermelon is dependent on the genetic background. These results lay the foundation for a greater understanding of flowering mechanisms in watermelon and improved breeding strategies for this trait.
Observation of tirofiban's effect on myocardial necrosis biomarker in patients with aspitin resistance following percutaneous coronary interventions

Objective To investigate the effect of tirofiban on myocardial necrosis biomarker after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in patients with aspirin resistance(AR).Methods 374 consecutive patients with aspirin 100 mg≥1 week,receiving no other antiplatelet therapy,scheduled for PCI were enrolled.all patients were given an loading dose of 300 mg clopidogrel at least 12 hours before PCI and an 75 mg maintenance dose per day.Patients were randomized into tirofiban group(n=38)and control group(n=45)after PCI.The levels of CKMB,TnI at 8,12,and 24 hours after PCI were measured in all patients;if the CK-MB,TnI value was above normal upper limitation,it was considered elevated.Results 83 patients were AR(22.2%)and 54.2%of them are females.The frequencies of CK-MB elevation were 15(39.5%)in tirofiban group and 19(42.2%)in control group,and TnI elevation was 18(47.4%)and 23(51.1%)in the two groups respectively.Conclusion Tirofiban can not decrease the elevation level of CK-MB and TnI in patients with AR after PCI. Key words: Percutaneous coronary intervention; Aspirin resistance; GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptor antagonist; Myocardial necrosis biomarker
Plausible Values: Principles of Item Response Theory and Multiple Imputations

This chapter introduces the principles of item response theory (IRT) and the latent regression model, also called population or conditioning model, which is central for generating plausible values (multiple imputations) in PIAAC. Moreover, it is illustrated how plausible values can reduce bias in secondary analyses compared to the use of customary point estimates of latent variables by taking explanatory variables into account. An overview of standard techniques for utilizing plausible values (PVs) in the analyses of large-scale assessment data will be provided, and it will be discussed how to calculate the different variance components for statistics based on PVs, which play an important role in the interpretation of subgroup and country differences.
Sex differences in associations between receiving and sharing tobacco-related information and tobacco product use among Appalachian Youth.

INTRODUCTION Given that Appalachian youth tobacco use rates are higher than the US national average, it is important to understand whether sex differences shape associations between receiving and sharing product information and using tobacco. METHODS Middle and high school students in rural Appalachia (n=1038) were surveyed about tobacco-related perceptions and behaviors, including ways youth receive and share conventional tobacco-related and e-cigarette-related information. Youth were characterized as tobacco users (i.e. ever or current users of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or e-cigarettes) or never users. Descriptive characteristics were compared by tobacco use and sex. Adjusted logistic regression models evaluated associations between communication channels and tobacco use. Models were stratified by sex to examine effect modification. RESULTS Approximately one-third of Appalachian youth (33.8%) were tobacco users and use varied by sex (males: 54.4%; females: 45.6%). Male (OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.18-2.60) and female (OR=2.30; 95% CI: 1.53-3.47) youth who received e-cigarette-related information through friends and family (FF) had higher odds of tobacco use. Additionally, females who received e-cigarette-related information through public displays and digital media had nearly two-fold increased odds of tobacco use. Although sharing conventional tobacco-related and e-cigarette-related information through FF was associated with increased odds of tobacco use among both sexes, these relationships were stronger among females. CONCLUSIONS Although specific communication channels were associated with tobacco use, associations involving receiving and sharing e-cigarette information were more pronounced in female tobacco users. Consideration of sex differences in how youth receive and share tobacco-related information may benefit tobacco prevention interventions.
Smoking Cessation by Electronic Cigarettes and Applied Artificial Intelligence

Numerous fields and administrations are embracing smart robotics. Despite the vast advancements in robotics for health care, there is limited practice and examination on utilizing electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes, e-cigs, ENDS) and applied artificial intelligence (AI) to aid tobacco consumers to quit smoking. E-cigs and AI are certainly significant tools that have the potential in helping Americans reduce smoking. It can be valuable for society to determine if e-smoking (smoking e-cigs) is much safer and cleaner than traditional smoking.
A Challenging Experience: Inpatient Care

Managing a patient’s illness in the hospital is complex, demanding, and can be exhausting. The demands of the emergency department (ED) differ from those on the hospital floor. The physician must balance the need to place the patient first with the policies and procedures that govern hospital function. Critical to patient care is communication between the multiple healthcare professionals involved. The patient and family must receive timely information regarding progression of the illness or recovery, tests to be ordered, results of testing, procedures planned, and drugs and therapies ordered and delivered. The four methods of communication with multiple members of the heathcare team include the progress notes, texting, phone, and direct communication. Despite a multiplicity of attending doctors, the message to the patient and family must be uniform. In the hospital, it is important to understand who is really in charge of the patient and the final decision-maker. Conflicts and difficult personalities are not uncommon, and it is important to understand how to avoid disrespectful behavior by staff or colleagues.
Abstract PS7-45: Insurance coverage, employment status, and financial wellbeing of young women diagnosed with breast cancer

Research Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the insurance, employment, and financial experiences of young (age ≤ 39 years) female breast cancer patients and assess factors associated with any changes in their financial situation. Previous literature has shown that younger women are more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease that requires more-intensive treatments, while significant medical expenditures, productivity losses, financial hardship, and changes in employment and work productivity have been found in patients of all ages. Methods: A sample of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between the ages of 18 and 39 years and residing in the states of California, Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina were identified. The sample included women who were (1) diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (D05.90; 8500/2) or invasive breast cancer (C50; 8500/3) between January 2013 and December 2014; (2) between the ages of 18 and 39 years at the time of diagnosis; and (3) alive at the time of data extraction. We contacted 3,659 women by mail; 2,927 were alive with deliverable addresses. Of those, 830 women returned completed surveys, yielding a response rate of 28.4%. The survey instrument included 66 questions on demographics, insurance status, employment history, out-of-pocket cost, and overall financial well-being. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with financial decline. Principal Findings: About half of the women (47.4%) reported that treatment expenditures were higher than anticipated, and almost two-thirds (65.3%) had not discussed treatment costs with their care team. Almost a third of the patients (31.8%) reported treatment nonadherence due to cost. Factors associated with not receiving recommended care included very young age ( Citation Format: Florence Tangka, Sujha Subramanian, Madeleine Jones, Patrick Edwards, Tim Flanigan, Jenya Kaganova, Kevin Smith, Cheryll Thomas, Nikki Hawkins, Temeika Fairley, Gery Guy, Juan Rodriguez. Insurance coverage, employment status, and financial wellbeing of young women diagnosed with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS7-45.
Calving Season Management

Optimizing calf crop weaned is a major goal of most producers. To accomplish this goal, a primary area of focus for management is reducing losses during the calving season. The objective of this paper is to discuss the economics of disease and losses and the prevention of losses through effective personnel training and records management.
Multidisciplinary simulation-based trauma team training with an emphasis on crisis resource management improves residents' non-technical skills.

Abstract Background Non-technical skills impact trauma resuscitation time. Crisis resource management teaches non-technical skills required for effective teamwork in a crisis. We developed a simulation-based multidisciplinary trauma team training, with an emphasis on crisis resource management and a goal of improving residents’ non-technical skills. Methods Twenty-five post-graduate year-1 general surgery and emergency medicine residents were divided into multidisciplinary teams with embedded nurse participants. Teams underwent 3 trauma resuscitation scenarios followed by a crisis resource management debrief. Additionally, a Just-In-Time crisis resource management didactic was delivered before 1 scenario. Teams’ non-technical skills in each scenario were assessed by expert raters using non-technical skills scale for trauma and scenario scores before and after the Just-In-Time didactic were compared. Multiple linear-regression calculating the impact of clinical scenario, case order, and timing relative to the Just-In-Time didactic on a teams’ non-technical skills scale for trauma score was performed. Results Seventy-four team T-NOTECHS ratings were completed. T-NOTECHS total score was significantly higher on the third training case regardless of clinical scenario or timing relative to the Just-In-Time didactic (pre = 15.58 vs post = 18.11, P = .117). Teams scored an average of 15.44 on the first scenario of the day, 16.63 on the second, and 19.04 on the last (P Conclusion Crisis resource management-focused multidisciplinary team training significantly improves residents’ non-technical skills in the simulated environment. Case repetition followed by crisis resource management focused debriefings outweighed the effect of a single Just-In-Time crisis resource management didactic.
MICU1 occludes MCU in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter imports cytoplasmic Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix to regulate cell bioenergetics, Ca2+ signaling, and apoptosis. The uniporter contains the pore-forming MCU subunit, an EMRE protein that binds to MCU, and the regulatory MICU1/MICU2 subunits. Structural and biochemical studies have suggested that MICU1 gates MCU by blocking and unblocking the Ca2+ pore. However, mitoplast patch-clamp experiments argue that MICU1 does not block Ca2+ transport but instead potentiates MCU. To address this direct clash of proposed MICU1 function, we applied purified MICU1 to Ca2+-conducting MCU-EMRE subcomplexes in outside-out patches excised from Xenopus oocytes. MICU1 strongly inhibits Ca2+ currents, and the inhibition is abolished by mutating an MCU-interacting K126 residue in MICU1. Further experiments show that MICU1 block was not observed in mitoplasts because MICU1 dissociates from the uniporter complex. These results firmly establish that MICU1 shuts the uniporter in resting cellular conditions.
Investigating the use of HSE Hybrid Functionals to Improve Electron Transport Calculations in Si, Ge, Diamond, and SiC

In this work, we employ density functional theory with HSE hybrid functionals (HFs) to calculate the electronic band structure of Si, Ge, diamond, and SiC in an attempt to improve upon electron-phonon scattering rates calculated with conventional PBE exchange-correlation functionals. To check for possible improvements, the band structure of each material calculated with the PBE functional is compared to that obtained with HSE HFs. The first point of comparison is the effective electron mass at the conduction band (CB) minimum. These values are calculated and compared to experimental data. In addition, the joint density of states (JDOS) is calculated for each material. Peaks and shoulders in the JDOS plot (representing transition energies at symmetry points in the band structure) are compared to the values obtained experimentally. The results show that there is no consistent improvement in the calculated effective masses or symmetry point locations from PBE to HSE, suggesting a ‘compression’ of the CB that may affect the calculated electron-phonon scattering rates.
Ordinary Second Order Differential Equations

The general form of an ordinary second order differential equation is $$ F\left( {x,y,y^{{\prime}},y^{{\prime}{\prime}}} \right) = 0 $$ (7.1)
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets: A Story of New York

A very little boy stood upon a heap of gravel for the honor of Rum Alley. He was throwing stones at howling urchins from Devil’s Row who were circling madly about the heap and pelting at him.
Academic and Participation Profiles of School-Age Dropouts with and without Disabilities

Young adults with learning disabilities (LD) or emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) tend to achieve below their nondisabled peers in secondary school. They typically lack proficiency in academic skills and are less prepared for the world of work. A disproportionate percentage of these students drop out of school. Some of the dropouts find their way to adult education to pursue a General Educational Development (GED) diploma. Two hundred seventy-seven young adults with and without LD/EBD were interviewed regarding their school and post-dropout experiences. Findings indicate that factors such as disability status, when individuals drop out, and self-perspectives influence education participation.
Effect of temperature on early life history in weatherfish, Misgurnus fossilis (L. 1758).

Effect of incubation temperature (range: 9–36 °C; interval: 3 °C) on artificially propagated weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis ) early ontogeny (during interval from egg fertilization to the finish of hatching) was investigated. Both, the amplitude of the incubation period (evaluated in four crucial moments), the total hatching period duration was inversely proportional to the incubation temperature and ranged from 17.5 days at 9 °C to 1.8 days at 24 °C (expressed at H50 ) or from 137 hours at 9 °C to 9 hours at 24 °C, respectively. There were no influence of rising temperature on the total length of newly hatched larvae (TL = 4.23–4.67 mm), in contrast to negative correlation with developmental stage (9–18 °C: stage 37; 21–24 °C: stage 36), i.e. the length might determine the age at hatching, rather than the age at hatching determines the hatching length. The thermal tolerance range in term of survival lies between 9 and 24 °C (the thermal optimum 15–24 °C, i.e. weatherfish is a warm-mesothermic species). Temperatures above 24 °C (in our study 27–36 °C) are considered the lethal temperatures already during embryonic period. It is highly recommended to distinguish an impact of suboptimal temperatures 9–12 °C on development during explored interval only, in contrast to possible other effect of these lower temperatures in context of the whole early ontogeny.
A continuous Markovian model for neuronal activity.

Abstract A diffusion model for the description of neurons' membrane potential fluctuations is proposed. Though retaining the well known feature consisting of the spontaneous exponential decay of the membrane potential to its resting value, the model discussed differs substantially from the ones in the current literature. Moreover, the Fokker-Planck equation now describing the membrane potential fluctuations is singular. The neuron's firing times probability density function is calculated in closed form as in a first passage time problem, and its expectation value and variance are evaluated. A detailed study of the mode of the firing times probability density function as related to the noise's intensity is performed. Some other auxiliary results are also obtained.
Quorums from difference covers

Abstract Maekawa considered a simple but suboptimal grid-based quorum generation scheme in which N sites in the network are logically organized in the form of a N × N grid, and the quorum sets are row–column pairs. Even though the quorum size 2 N of the grid scheme is twice as large as finite projective plane with optimal sized quorums, it has the advantage of being simple and geometrically evident. Agrawal, Egecioglu, and El Abbadi proposed another grid based scheme producing quorums of size 2N . In this note, a very simple construction is given to produce a system of quorums of size 1.5N . These can be generated efficiently.
Simulation of white noise in dynamical systems

We address the problem of how to properly handle the application of white Gaussian process noise to a digital simulation of a continuous-time linear dynamical system, given the standard device of a Gaussian random numbers generator.
Interface Control in Organic Electronics Using Mixed Monolayers of Carboranethiol Isomers

We employ mixed self-assembled monolayers of carboranethiols to alter the work function of gold and silver systematically. We use isomers of symmetric carboranethiol cage molecules to vary molecular dipole moments and directions, which enable work function tunability over a wide range with minimal alterations in surface energy. Mixed monolayers of carboranethiol isomers provide an ideal platform for the study and fabrication of solution-processed organic field-effect transistors; improved device performance is demonstrated by interface engineering.
Diseased Race, Racialized Disease: The Story of the Negro Project of American Social Hygiene Association Against the Backdrop of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

This article traces the history of the Negro Project of American Social Hygiene Association, which began in the early 1940s and faded away into obscurity by the middle of the decade. The article then compares and contrasts the story of the Negro Project with that of the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, and argues that the stereotypical and predominant notions of racial black masculinity in the United States were at the root of the reason why the Negro Project failed while the Tuskegee study prospered. While the Tuskegee study conformed to the grand narrative of racial black masculinity, the Negro Project constructed itself as counter-hegemonic to that grand narrative, contributing to its premature termination. The juxtaposition of the two stories reveals the complexity of the narrative of African American masculinity within the United States.