cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Context-dependent running speed in funnel-web spiders from divergent populations

1. Locomotor performance can influence individual fitness through several ecological contexts, such as prey capture and predator escape. One means of determining which contexts act as significant selective forces on running speed is to quantify individual speed in each context. The underlying hypothesis is that animals will exhibit their highest speeds in contexts most crucial to fitness. 2. We measured running speeds in three ecological contexts (prey capture, fleeing predators and territory defence) in lab-reared offspring of the funnel-web spider Agelenopsis aperta collected from two arid grassland and two riparian populations. Arid populations experience little predation pressure, are prey limited, and are highly territorial; riparian populations experience high predation, have high prey availability, and are less territorial in nature. 3. The offspring of arid individuals exhibited their highest burst speeds in territory defence, and ran more slowly in response to predator threats. The offspring of riparian populations, however, ran fastest when responding to predatory threats and displayed lower velocities in prey capture and territory defence. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that A. aperta are selected to exhibit their highest speeds in contexts most important to their fitness. 4. Contextual use of running speed can differ among conspecific populations experiencing differing selective forces on locomotion.
Outcomes for patients with papillary thyroid cancer who do not undergo prophylactic central neck dissection

Background The role of prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) in the management of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is controversial. This report describes outcomes of an observational approach in patients without clinical evidence of nodal disease in PTC. Methods All patients who had surgery between 1986 and 2010 without CND for PTC were identified. All patients had careful clinical assessment of the central neck during preoperative and perioperative evaluation, with any suspicious nodal tissue excised for analysis. The cohort included patients in whom lymph nodes had been removed, but no patient had undergone a formal neck dissection. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), central neck RFS and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Of 1798 patients, 397 (22·1 per cent) were men, 1088 (60·5 per cent) were aged 45 years or more, and 539 (30·0 per cent) had pT3 or pT4 disease. Some 742 patients (41·3 per cent) received adjuvant treatment with radioactive iodine. At a median follow-up of 46 months the 5-year DSS rate was 100 per cent. Five-year RFS and central neck RFS rates were 96·6 and 99·1 per cent respectively. Conclusion Observation of the central neck is safe and should be recommended for all patients with PTC considered before and during surgery to be free of central neck metastasis.
Negative cognitive style as a predictor of negative life events in depression-prone individuals: a test of the stress generation hypothesis.

Background: Stress generation effects in depressed individuals have been well-documented. However, less is known about what personal attributes of depression-prone individuals may contribute to the stress generation effect. This study investigated the role of negative cognitive style in predicting the occurrence of negative life events. Methods: Undergraduates identified as either high (n=76) or low (n=81) in negative cognitive style were assessed for lifetime history of depression followed by periodic assessment over the course of six months for the occurrence of negative life events and depressive episodes. Results: Individuals with negative cognitive styles generated more negative life events (dependent events and interpersonal events, but not more independent or achievement-related events) than individuals with more positive cognitive styles. These results appear to be unique to women. Limitations: Utilizing participants specifically chosen to be high or low in negative cognitive style may limit generalizability to other individuals. Conclusions: Results suggest that an underlying negative cognitive style may account for the stress generation effect often found in depressed individuals, particularly for women. Adequately addressing cognitive patterns in treatment or prevention programs may not only effectively reduce depression, but may also reduce the likelihood of experiencing negative life events that often serve as precipitants for depression.
Preparing For The Profession: The Accounting Job Search And Beyond

This paper provides a detailed description of a unique program focused on preparing students for entry into the accounting profession. The program, Preparing for the Profession, consisted of four distinct workshops provided to accounting majors during fall semester 2010. Planning for the program began a year earlier during a meeting of Accounting Advisory Board members and faculty. Each session addressed a distinct aspect of the accounting profession and consisted of a panel discussion of six to eight accounting and business professionals. The sessions were 90 minutes in length and discussion focused on 25 pre-submitted questions by student attendees. Specific objectives were formulated for each session and assessment data subsequent to the workshop’s completion indicated that the program was a success in meeting those objectives.
Bioaccumulation and depuration of ethylene glycol by crayfish (Procambarus spp.)

Crayfish were exposed to 50, 200, or 1000 μg/mL ethylene glycol (EG) daily for 61 days, and were subsequently transferred to clean water for a 67-day decontamination phase. During uptake and loss, samples were analyzed for EG in gills, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and hepatopancreas. An open one-compartment mathematical model described the uptake and loss phases data. Uptake was dependent upon the aqueous concentration of EG. Crayfish did not concentrate EG above the water concentration. Bioaccumulation factors for the selected tissues at 61 days of exposure to 50, 200, and 1000 μg/mL EG, respectively were as follows: 0.40, 0.21, and 0.21 for gills; 0.48, 0.21, and 0.21 for muscle; 0.61, 0.42, and 0.27 for gastrointestinal tract; and 0.60, 0.33, and 0.22 for hepatopancreas. Time to equilibrium was 5,4,5, and 4 days for gills, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and hepatopancreas, respectively, at 50 μg/mL aqueous concentration; 5, 4, 6, and 4 days, respectively, at 200 μg/mL aqueous concentration; and 7, 5, 7, and 5 days, respectively, at 1000 μg/mL aqueous concentration. Crayfish eliminated the accumulated EG within 5 days for animals exposed to 50 μg/mL EG and 6 days for those exposed to 200 and 1000 μg/mL EG. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of Intersection Design on Pedestrians’ Choice to Cross on Red

The existing research and modeling applications for predicting pedestrians’ decision to cross on red at signalized intersections have most commonly modeled this decision as a function of pedestrian characteristics (such as age and mobility restrictions), traffic conditions, and signal delay. For this study, field observations suggested that the physical configuration of the crosswalk should also be an important predictor of the decision to cross on red, because pedestrians should be less likely to cross on red at major intersections with longer crosswalks. In addition, the overall configuration and complexity of the signal also have an impact on signal compliance. The study tested these hypotheses by collecting video data of pedestrian behavior at signalized intersections in Washington, D.C., and by building a binary logit model to predict the probability of crossing on red. The study found that certain signal phases, such as protected left turns, were strongly correlated with a higher probability of crossing on red. The study also found that the length of crosswalks was inversely correlated with the probability of crossing on red. Through tests of the model’s predictive accuracy under various specifications, the design variables (e.g., geometry and types of signal phases) were found to be key in improving the model’s predictive ability. The findings offer insights for the design of signalized intersections and shed light on the complexity of the relationship between crossing on red and pedestrian safety, because some characteristics that are associated with a lower incidence of pedestrian crashes are also associated with more crossing on red.
Cyclophilin and NS5A Inhibitors, but Not Other Anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Agents, Preclude HCV-Mediated Formation of Double-Membrane-Vesicle Viral Factories

Although the mechanisms of action (MoA) of nonstructural protein 3 inhibitors (NS3i) and NS5B inhibitors (NS5Bi) are well understood, the MoA of cyclophilin inhibitors (CypI) and NS5A inhibitors (NS5Ai) are not fully defined. In this study, we examined whether CypI and NS5Ai interfere with hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA synthesis of replication complexes (RCs) or with an earlier step of HCV RNA replication, the creation of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) essential for HCV RNA replication. In contrast to NS5Bi, both CypI and NS5Ai do not block HCV RNA synthesis by way of RCs, suggesting that they exert their antiviral activity prior to the establishment of enzymatically active RCs. We found that viral replication is not a precondition for DMV formation, since the NS3-NS5B polyprotein or NS5A suffices to create DMVs. Importantly, only CypI and NS5Ai, but not NS5Bi, mir-122, or phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase IIIα (PI4KIIIα) inhibitors, prevent NS3-NS5B-mediated DMV formation. NS3-NS5B was unable to create DMVs in cyclophilin A (CypA) knockdown (KD) cells. We also found that the isomerase activity of CypA is absolutely required for DMV formation. This not only suggests that NS5A and CypA act in concert to build membranous viral factories but that CypI and NS5Ai mediate their early anti-HCV effects by preventing the formation of organelles, where HCV replication is normally initiated. This is the first investigation to examine the effect of a large panel of anti-HCV agents on DMV formation, and the results reveal that CypI and NS5Ai act at the same membranous web biogenesis step of HCV RNA replication, thus indicating a new therapeutic target of chronic hepatitis C.
Characteristics of an Antibody Causing Agglutination of M‐Positive Non‐Enzymatically Glycosylated Human Red Cells

An alloagglutinin was identified in the serum of an M-negative diabetic patient. The agglutinin reacted with all commercial M-positive red cell samples. Routine crossmatches showed no incompatibility. This anti-M would only agglutinate M-positive red cell samples that had been incubated in 2% glucose for a minimum of 2 h at 37 degrees C, 2 days at 22 degrees C, or 1 week at 4 degrees C. Reactive red cell samples, when washed and incubated in saline, gradually became non-reactive. This antibody reacted optimally in low ionic strength solution at 16 degrees C for 20 min where MM red cells were agglutinated to a titer of 256, score 85; and MN red cells were agglutinated to a titer of 128, score 66. The antibody was denatured by 2-mercaptoethanol and was inhibited by a crude M tryptic isolate and by 2% glucose, but not by other sugars prepared at a 2% concentration.
Direct single molecule measurement of TCR triggering by agonist pMHC in living primary T cells

T cells discriminate between self and foreign antigenic peptides, displayed on antigen presenting cell surfaces, via the TCR. While the molecular interactions between TCR and its ligands are well characterized in vitro, quantitative measurements of these interactions in living cells are required to accurately resolve the physical mechanisms of TCR signaling. We report direct single molecule measurements of TCR triggering by agonist pMHC in hybrid junctions between live primary T cells and supported lipid membranes. Every pMHC:TCR complex over the entire cell is tracked while simultaneously monitoring the local membrane recruitment of ZAP70, as a readout of TCR triggering. Mean dwell times for pMHC:TCR molecular binding of 5 and 54 s were measured for two different pMHC:TCR systems. Single molecule measurements of the pMHC:TCR:ZAP70 complex indicate that TCR triggering is stoichiometric with agonist pMHC in a 1:1 ratio. Thus any signal amplification must occur downstream of TCR triggering. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00778.001
Paraphyly in the Bamboo Subtribe Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and a Revised Infrageneric Classification for Chusquea

A phylogenetic analysis of five coding and noncoding chloroplast loci, totaling 6.6 kb of aligned nucleotide and indel characters, suggests that the large neotropical bamboo genus Chusquea is embedded within the much smaller Andean genus Neurolepis. Monophyly of each taxon was anticipated due to the unique occurrence of dimorphic multiple buds in Chusquea and the lack of aerial branching in Neurolepis. We tested whether the unexpected placement of Chusquea might be the result of a biased analysis. Both Neurolepis and the outgroup taxa have long branches that could influence rooting and inferred ingroup relationships. A number of methods were employed to test for long-branch attraction and sampling effects in our topology. Alternative hypothesis testing using a conservative form of the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test indicated that paraphyly of Neurolepis is a significantly better explanation of the data than monophyly, even when models of character evolution are changed. Given the robustness of the topology, high support measures for clades on the tree, and the results of the Shimodaira-Hasegawa tests, we conclude that chloroplast genomes indicate probable paraphyly of Neurolepis with respect to Chusquea. The species of Neurolepis are therefore transferred to Chusquea, resulting in the following new combinations and names: Chusquea acuminatissima, C. angusta, C. asymmetrica, C. cylindrica, C. diversiglumis, C. elata, C. fimbriligulata, C. laegaardii, C. magnifolia, C. mollis, C. nana, C. nobilis, C. petiolata, C. rigida, C. silverstonei, C. spectabilis, C. steyermarkii, C. stuebelii, C. tovari and C. villosa. The names Neurolepis elata, N. stuebelii, N. weberbaueri, Planotia ingens, and P. tessellata are lectotypified.
Spatial variations in the relationship between economic diversity and stability

ABSTRACTUsing US county-level data, we explore how economic diversity influenced economic stability over the period of the Great Recession. We find that higher diversity is associated with greater stability, but there are distinct spatial patterns and the relationship does not hold for much of the central part of the US.
Teaching with Technology: The Role of the Instructional Coach

The Teaching with Technology professional development model was developed to create a comprehensive technology plan that would support teaching and learning in teacher education courses. This study explains how an instructional technology coaches help faculty transform their teaching by giving them new tools, information and skills.
Equality or Efficiency: A Game of Distributed Multi-type Fair Resource Allocation on Computational Agents

We propose a game theoretical approach to multi-type fair resource allocation algorithms in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Distributed approaches can benefit large scale computing systems, especially if the hardware computing resources in the system are organized in a decentralized manner as in federated clusters and cyber physical systems. The simulation results show that our approach has comparable performance to well-known centralized and decentralized approaches in fairness and resource utilization, while relies less on communications.
Class as a semiotic resource in consumer advertising: Markedness, heteroglossia, and commodity temporalities

This article critically examines the mass-mediated portrayal of social class and commodity formulation in a corpus of US television advertisements for the Ford F-150 pickup truck, aired in 2007. Th...
Social Justice Advocacy in the Belly of the Beast An Illustration of Policy Change for Social Work

This article presents an experience of applied social justice advocacy to maintain and advance women’s reproductive rights and is a call to action for the entire social work profession. The reader is offered a strategy that can be used to effect broad policy change in all political climates. Drawing upon some fundamentals of the social work profession such as coalition building, advocacy engagement, and stakeholder outreach, this article shows how social workers can become engaged in the political arena to pass legislation. It is the author’s hope that this article will be used by social workers and social workers in training to deepen their commitment to women’s issues and social justice advocacy and facilitate their engagement in making policy change.
Chip-last Embedded Actives and Passives in Ultra-Miniaturized Organic Packages with Chip-First Benefits

Embedded actives and passives are being pursued by chip-first and wafer-level fan-out approaches to address high functionality and miniaturization. A next generation embedding alternative- “chip-last embedding”, which retains all the benefits of chip-first, has been demonstrated at Georgia Tech for complex multi-component heterogeneous systems. This paper presents detailed results from the first demonstration of this novel technology called Embedded MEMS, Actives and Passives (EMAP) with Chip-Last (CL) interconnections. This technology is targeted at highly integrated modules and systems with multiple 2D and 3D ICs for RF, Digital, Analog, MEMS and passive devices. Ultra-thin (55μm) silicon test dies were embedded in a 60μm deep cavity within 6-metal layer substrates yielding a total module thickness of 0.22mm. The robustness of substrate materials and processes was demonstrated using thermal cycling of the blind-vias and through-holes. The embedded IC was bonded to the substrate at 160°C by ultra-fine pi...
Improving Safe Sleep Practices for Hospitalized Infants.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep practice (SSP) recommendations among hospitalized infants is unknown, but is assumed to be low. This quality improvement study aimed to increase adherence to SSPs for infants admitted to a children’s hospital general care unit between October 2013 and December 2014. METHODS: After development of a hospital policy and redesign of room setup processes, a multidisciplinary team developed intervention strategies based on root cause analysis and implemented changes using iterative Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles. Nurse knowledge was assessed before and after education. SSPs were measured continuously with room audits during sleeping episodes. Statistical process control and run charts identified improvements and sustainability in hospital SSPs. Caregiver home practices after discharge were assessed via structured questionnaires before and after intervention. RESULTS: Nursing knowledge of SSPs increased significantly for each item (P ≤ .001) except avoidance of bed sharing. Audits were completed for 316 sleep episodes. Simultaneous adherence to all SSP recommendations improved significantly from 0% to 26.9% after intervention. Significant improvements were noted in individual practices, including maintaining a flat, empty crib, with an appropriately bundled infant. The largest gains were noted in the proportion of empty cribs (from 3.4% to 60.3% after intervention, P CONCLUSIONS: Sustained improvements in hospital SSPs were achieved through this quality improvement initiative, with opportunity for continued improvement. Nurse knowledge increased during the intervention. It is uncertain whether these findings translate to changes in caregiver home practices after discharge.
Analytical Prediction of the Deformation and Densification Behaviour of Sintered Billets

A theoretical analysis was carried out to predict the deformation and densification behaviour of sintered billets, which are subjected to forging operations like upsetting, sizing, and re-pressing. In each case, a mathematical expression was obtained for the relationship between stress, deformation, and densification; the variables being the initial void ratio and the workhardening characteristics of the matrix material. For each of the upsetting and re-pressing operations, the mathematical equation was computerized assuming the billets to be iron powder compacts having different initial densities. The theoretical results were compared with experimental ones and were found to be in good agreement.
A Conceptual Framework for an Intelligent Planning Unit for the Complex Built Environment

Abstract Most of the projects in the built environment system are unique in nature and different in design, construction, and operations. Thus, it is difficult to establish a streamlined flow in the entire process of the complex built environment system and to arrange and optimize the required resources in a timely manner. To address this challenge, it is necessary to reduce the complexity of the built environment system and to provide the decision-makers with timely and accurate information for making better decisions. For achieving this objective, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for an Intelligent Planning Unit (IPU) for the complex built environment system, which consists of three phases (i.e., IPU planning, IPU application, and IPU network). An IPU represents a well-defined planning unit that can be initiated to achieve a specific purpose (e.g., cost, schedule, materials, and process). An IPU can be defined by breaking down the physical entities and processes in the complex built environment system into carefully planned units (even nano-scale units). A well-defined IPU can be replicated and implemented at the different levels of complexity; and then, it can be improved through a refinement process using the intelligent feature of communication. This paper illustrated the IPU concept through several examples and also highlighted possible challenges and opportunities in implementing the IPU concept in the complex built environment system. This paper is designed to ensure that a project meets the client expectations on various aspects in the complex built environment system.
How Do the Trans‐Pacific Economies Affect the USA? An Industrial Sector Approach

This paper studies how the Trans-Pacific region affects the US economy in terms of business cycle transmission. We use a large data set consisting of disaggregated sectoral industrial production indexes from selected countries in the region and employ a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) approach to analyse the transmission of shocks in different industries. We find that a positive output shock in the entire Trans-Pacific region has positive effects on the majority of US manufacturing sectors. We also find that sectoral shocks in five sectors of the Trans-Pacific region have a large impact on the overall US economy. Three of the five sectors displayed strong same-sector responses relative to the overall response, suggesting that vertical production linkages might play a key role in the transmission of shocks. Our results highlight the importance of examining industrial sectors in studying the transmission of shocks in the Trans-Pacific region.
K12 Teacher Credentialing Containing Engineering Content in the USA

To gain a better understanding of the landscape of State credentialing options related to the teaching of engineering at the K12 level, NAE/BOSE commissioned this paper and study that describes this landscape and provide relevant details for as many States as it is possible to do so. This project includes the taxonomy of the various types of credentialing offered by each State, and it defines these different types of credentials. A two-phase research method was used in order to investigate each State credentialing/certification program. The first phase of the method examined each State credentialing/certification program through the individual State Department of Education. The second phase focused on Career and Technical Education (CTE) credentialing/certification programs that contain engineering and/or engineering design content. A member check technique was used to help improve the accuracy, credibility, validity, and transferability of the study. Each State credentialing/certification program was thoroughly examined through State Department of Education and CTE teacher credentialing pathways. The results indicate that 94.2% of State teacher credentialing/certification programs contain engineering or engineering design content; however, 5.8% of State teacher credentialing programs do not include any engineering content. Each of these credentialing/certification areas also requires a test that contains engineering content.
Liquid-Phase Deposition of CIS Thin Layers: Final Report, February 2003--July 2005

The goal of this project was to fabricate single-phase CIS (a-Cu-In-Se, stoichiometric composition: CuInSe2) thin films for photovoltaic applications from a liquid phase - a Cu-In-Se melt of appropriate composition. This approach of liquid-phase deposition (LPD) is based on the new phase diagram we have established for Cu-In-Se, the first complete equilibrium phase diagram of this system. The liquidus projection exhibits four composition fields in which the primary solid phase, i.e., the first solid material that forms on cooling down from an entirely liquid state, is a-CuInSe2. Remarkably, none of the four composition fields is anywhere near the stoichiometric composition (CuInSe2) of a-CuInSe2. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique is indeed capable of producing films with a particularly large grain size and a correspondingly low density of grain boundaries. To obtain films sufficiently thin for solar cell applications and with a sufficiently smooth surface, it is advantageous to employ a sliding boat mechanism. Future work on liquid-phase deposition of CIS should focus on the interaction between the melt and the substrate surface, the resulting CIS interfaces, the surface morphology of the LPD-grown films, and, of course, the electronic properties of the material.
Figuring the Angry Inch: Transnormativity, the black femme and the fraudulent phallus; or fleshly remainders of the ‘ungendered’ and the ‘unthought’:

This article takes up Hortense Spillers’ conception of ‘ungendered’ flesh and Saidiya Hartman’s notion of the ‘position of the unthought’ occupied by the figure of the Black-qua-Slave in order to e...
2-Channel convolutional 3D deep neural network (2CC3D) for fMRI analysis: ASD classification and feature learning

In this paper, we propose a new whole brain fMRI-analysis scheme to identify autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore biological markers in ASD classification. To utilize both spatial and temporal information in fMRI, our method investigates the potential benefits of using a sliding window over time to measure temporal statistics (mean and standard deviation) and using 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to capture spatial features. The sliding window created 2-channel images, which were used as inputs to the 3D CNN. From the outputs of the 3D CNN convolutional layers, ASD related fMRI spatial features were directly deciphered. Input formats and sliding window parameters were investigated in our study. The power of aligning 2-channel images was shown in our proposed method. Compared with traditional machine learning classification models, our proposed 2CC3D method increased mean F-scores over 8.5%.
The Experimental Evidence for a Lifshitz Point in MnP

In 1975 Hornreich, Luban and Shtrikman introduced a new multicritical point, which they called a Lifshitz point (LP).1 Since then several experimental attempts to observe the LP in a real material were made. These include: unsuccessful searches in magnet systems,2,3 a study of the structural transition of RbCaF3 which suggested the existence of a LP,4 and experiments on liquid crystals.5–7 In this lecture I shall review several studies of MnP, which strongly suggest the existence of a LP. This review is largely based on works done in collaboration with C.C. Becerra and N.F. Oliveira, Jr. (University of Sao Paulo), R.M. Moon and J.W. Cable (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), and T.S. Chang (MIT).8–12
Successful Allogeneic HCT for W.H.I.M. Unexpectedly Complicated By Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Intro/Objectives Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency defined by its symptoms and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) gene mutation. This leads to myelokathexis in which mature neutrophils cannot exit the bone marrow, causing severe neutropenia. Use of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) to correct a primary immunodeficiency is well accepted; yet, due to the rarity of WHIM, data on HCT in this setting are limited. We present a successful matched sibling donor (MSD) bone marrow (BM) transplant in a 6 year old male with WHIM who developed unexpected respiratory complications post HCT. Methods/Results The patient was initially followed for congenital neutropenia and therapy consisted of weekly filgrastim. At age 5 years, he was diagnosed with WHIM by CXCR4 sequencing. Treatment was changed to plerixafor, but he required frequent dose escalation. HLA typing revealed his brother was an 8/8 allele match. Patient's history was significant for asthma, but no recent flares. He was unable to perform pulmonary function tests due to age. At 6 years old he received an MSD BM graft after myeloablative conditioning with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and ATG. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and short course methotrexate. Myeloid engraftment ocurred on day +20 with >95% donor chimerism after day +55. On days +76, +87, and +104, he was admitted for respiratory distress. Infectious evaluations only revealed EBV PCR in a BAL specimen obtained during the second admission. For this he received four weeks of rituximab. On each admission, he improved quickly with albuterol and systemic steroids, but symptoms recurred soon after returning home. During his third admission it was found that he was exposed to an African Grey Parrot in his home. Due to the close association of his symptoms with returning home, and his exquisite response to steroids, Pulmonology consultation lead to a diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The bird was relocated, the home extensively cleaned, and while staying in temporary housing from day +110 to +275 the patient did not relapse. After returning home the patient had no further respiratory events. The bird was allowed to return on day +367. Patient has remained well on inhaled corticosteroids as of day +473. Conclusion Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction that can be linked to bird exposure. It is T cell mediated and IgE independent. Acquisition of IgE mediated allergies has been reported after HCT, but there are no reports of new type IV hypersensitivity development. Neither patient nor donor had previous hypersensitivity to the bird. Due to the transient nature of the pneumonitis in our patient, this likely represents an unusual case of abnormal T cell maturation post HCT. This case also emphasizes the importance of environmental exposures in post HCT respiratory symptoms.
Balance between accuracy and simplicity in empirical forcefields for glass modeling: Insights from machine learning

Abstract Classical molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of glassy materials critically rely on the availability of accurate empirical forcefields. To this end, empirical forcefields must exhibit an optimal balance between accuracy and simplicity—wherein forcefields that are too simple (underfitted) may not offer accurate predictions, whereas those that are too complex (overfitted) may not provide a good transferability over various systems. However, the development of new forcefields that capture the essential features of glassy materials while retaining minimum complexity has largely remained intuition-based thus far. Here, we report a new forcefield parametrization method that is based on machine learning optimization. By taking the example of glassy silica, we show that this approach allows us to identify the optimal degree of forcefield complexity in a non-biased fashion. Our method could greatly accelerate the development of new accurate, yet transferable forcefields for the modeling of silicate glasses.
A primal-dual Quasi-Newton method for consensus optimization

We introduce the primal-dual quasi-Newton (PD-QN) method as an approximated second order method for solving decentralized optimization problems. The PD-QN method performs quasi-Newton, or approximate second order, updates on both the primal and dual variables of the consensus optimization problem. The quasi-Newton updates remove the internal minimization step necessary in most dual methods and also make the method more robust in ill-conditioned settings relative to first order methods. The linear convergence rate of PD-QN is established formally and strong performance advantages relative to existing dual and primal-dual methods are shown numerically.
Phase I trial of caudate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant tinnitus

Objective The objective of this open-label, nonrandomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bilateral caudate nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant tinnitus. Methods Six participants underwent DBS electrode implantation. One participant was removed from the study for suicidality unrelated to brain stimulation. Participants underwent a stimulation optimization period that ranged from 5 to 13 months, during which the most promising stimulation parameters for tinnitus reduction for each individual were determined. These individual optimal stimulation parameters were then used during 24 weeks of continuous caudate stimulation to reach the endpoint. The primary outcome for efficacy was the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), and executive function (EF) safety was a composite z-score from multiple neuropsychological tests (EF score). The secondary outcome for efficacy was the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI); for neuropsychiatric safety it was the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), and for hearing safety it was pure tone audiometry at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz and word recognition score (WRS). Other monitored outcomes included surgery- and device-related adverse events (AEs). Five participants provided full analyzable data sets. Primary and secondary outcomes were based on differences in measurements between baseline and endpoint. Results The treatment effect size of caudate DBS for tinnitus was assessed by TFI [mean (SE), 23.3 (12.4)] and THI [30.8 (10.4)] scores, both of which were statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 1-tailed; alpha = 0.05). Based on clinically significant treatment response categorical analysis, there were 3 responders determined by TFI (≥ 13-point decrease) and 4 by THI (≥ 20-point decrease) scores. Safety outcomes according to EF score, FrSBe, audiometric thresholds, and WRS showed no significant change with continuous caudate stimulation. Surgery-related and device-related AEs were expected, transient, and reversible. There was only one serious AE, a suicide attempt unrelated to caudate neuromodulation in a participant in whom stimulation was in the off mode for 2 months prior to the event. Conclusions Bilateral caudate nucleus neuromodulation by DBS for severe, refractory tinnitus in this phase I trial showed very encouraging results. Primary and secondary outcomes revealed a highly variable treatment effect size and 60%-80% treatment response rate for clinically significant benefit, and no safety concerns. The design of a phase II trial may benefit from targeting refinement for final DBS lead placement to decrease the duration of the stimulation optimization period and to increase treatment effect size uniformity.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01988688 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Multispectral image fusion based on map estimation with improved detail

This paper presents a multispectral image fusion method for remote sensing applications by using an improved estimation of detail maps. This estimation is achieved by considering a linear combinati...
The Effect of Undergraduate Major Choices on the Earnings of Sub-Saharan African Immigrant and Native-Born College Graduates:

A very high percentage of sub-Saharan African college-graduate immigrants in the United States have college degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines compared ...
Discovery and Biosynthesis of Streptosactin, a Sactipeptide with an Alternative Topology Encoded by Commensal Bacteria in the Human Microbiome

Mammalian microbiomes encode thousands of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and represent a new frontier in natural product research. We recently found an abundance of quorum sensing-regulated BGCs in mammalian microbiome streptococci that code for ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and contain one or more radical S-adenosylmethionine (RaS) enzymes, a versatile superfamily known to catalyze some of the most unusual reactions in biology. In the current work, we target a widespread group of streptococcal RiPP BGCs and elucidate both the reaction carried out by its encoded RaS enzyme and identify its peptide natural product, which we name streptosactin. Streptosactin is the first sactipeptide identified from Streptococcus spp.; it contains two sequential four amino acid sactionine macrocycles, an unusual topology for this compound family. Bioactivity assays reveal potent but narrow-spectrum activity against the producing strain and its closest relatives that carry the same BGC, suggesting streptosactin may be a long-suspected fratricidal agent of Streptococcus thermophilus. Our results highlight mammalian streptococci as a rich source of unusual enzymatic chemistries and bioactive natural products.
Acute amnestic syndrome and ischemic stroke: A case series

Abstract Purpose of Review: Stroke is an uncommon cause of amnesia. We describe in detail three cases of anterograde amnesia and confabulation secondary to acute ischemic stroke and review the available literature. Recent Findings: In our case series, all three patients presented with anterograde amnesia and two of three co-presented with prominent confabulation. These symptoms were recognized in delayed fashion and no patients received IV tPA. Although stroke infarct topology was variable, all three patients had infarction of the fornix. Long-term follow-up was obtained in two of three patients: both had persistent memory impairment and were no longer functionally independent. Summary: Acute onset anterograde amnesia and confabulation may uncommonly represent acute ischemic stroke. Delays in this diagnosis typically exclude patients from emergent stroke treatment or timely diagnostic stroke evaluation. Physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion, especially in patients with comorbid vascular risk factors. Memory impairment secondary to ischemic stroke can produce considerable long-term disability.
Impact of behavioral side effects on the management of Parkinson patients treated with dopamine agonists.

Dopamine agonists are one of the main stay of treatment option for Parkinson disease (PD). Side effects that develop from their use are generally categorized into behavioral and non-behavioral. Behavioral side effects include: impulse control behavior disorder (ICD), psychosis and cognitive impairment. Non-behavioral side effects include: nausea/vomiting, "sleep attacks", leg swelling, weight gain and orthostasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicians' response to PD patients who developed behavioral side effects from dopamine agonists, in comparison to those patients who developed only non-behavioral side effects. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with PD over a two year period. Among 313 patients who were on a dopamine agonist, 156 reported side effects. Sixty-five patients reported behavioral (with or without non-behavioral) side effects, while 91 experienced only non-behavioral side effects. Forty-nine out of the 65 patients (75.3%) who experienced behavioral side effects had their dopamine agonist dose decreased compared to 53 out of 91patients (58.2%) who experienced only non-behavioral side effects (Chi square = 4.92, p < 0.05). Patients with behavioral side effects were 3 times more likely have their dose decreased (OR = 3.3; 95%CI = 1.442-7.551; P = 0.005). However, neither taper speed nor the occurrence of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS) differed between the two groups. Amongst PD patients treated with dopamine agonists, the presence of behavioral side effects independently increased the chance of dopamine agonist dose reduction. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Simulation of powder bed metal additive manufacturing microstructures with coupled finite difference-Monte Carlo method

Abstract Grain-scale microstructure evolution during additive manufacturing is a complex physical process. As with traditional solidification methods of material processing (e.g. casting and welding), microstructural properties are highly dependent on the solidification conditions involved. Additive manufacturing processes however, incorporate additional complexity such as remelting, and solid-state evolution caused by subsequent heat source passes and by holding the entire build at moderately high temperatures during a build. We present a three-dimensional model that simulates both solidification and solid-state evolution phenomena using stochastic Monte Carlo and Potts Monte Carlo methods. The model also incorporates a finite-difference based thermal conduction solver to create a fully integrated microstructural prediction tool. The three modeling methods and their coupling are described and demonstrated for a model study of laser powder-bed fusion of 300-series stainless steel. The investigation demonstrates a novel correlation between the mean number of remelting cycles experienced during a build, and the resulting columnar grain sizes.
Effects of Wildfire on Collaborative Management of Rangelands: A Case Study of the 2015 Soda Fire

On the Ground • Multi-jurisdictional rangeland “mega-fires” are becoming more common. • Using interview data, we examined cross-boundary collaboration after the Soda Fire that burned approximately 113,312 ha (280,000 acres) of southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. • We found relationships established in other management contexts were activated by individuals within agencies to share funding and resources to rehabilitate the landscape after the Soda Fire. • The fire's spatial proximity to Boise, Idaho, and temporal proximity to important federal policy decisions were primary collaboration drivers. • Barriers to collaborative efforts still exist; however, interviewees highlighted the importance of individual agency (bottom-up) changes in lessening top-down constraints.
Radiology Education Among Emergency Medicine Residencies: A National Needs Assessment.

Introduction: Radiology training is an important component of emergency medicine (EM) education, but its delivery has been variable. Program directors have reported a lack of radiology skills in incoming interns. A needs assessment is a crucial first step toward improving radiology education among EM residencies. Our objective was to explore the current state of radiology education in EM residency programs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited EM programs in the United States. Program leadership completed an online survey consisting of multiple choice, Likert scale, and free-response items. We calculated and reported descriptive statistics. Results: Of eligible EM programs, 142/252 (56%) completed the survey including 105 postgraduate year (PGY) 1-3 and 36 PGY 1-4 programs. One respondent opted out of answering demographic questions. 23/141 (16%) were from the Western region, 29/141 (21%) were from the North Central region, 14/141 (10%) were from the South-Central region, 28/141 (20%) were from the Southeast region, and 47/141 (33%) were from the Northeast region. A total of 88/142 (62%) of responding programs did not have formal radiology instruction. Of the education that is provided, 127/142 (89%) provide it via didactics/lectures and 115/142 (81%) rely on instruction during clinical shifts. Only 51/142 (36%) provide asynchronous opportunities, and 23/142 (16%) have a dedicated radiology rotation. The majority of respondents reported spending 0-2 hours per month on radiology instruction (108/142; 76%); 95/141 (67%) reported that EM faculty “often” or “always” provide radiology instruction; 134/142 (95%), felt that it was “extremely” or “very important” for ED providers to be able to independently interpret radiograph results; and 129/142 (90.84%) either “sometimes” or “always” rely on their independent radiograph interpretations to make clinical decisions. The radiology studies identified as most important to be able to independently interpret were radiographs obtained for lines/tubes, chest radiographs, and radiographs obtained for musculoskeletal-related complaints. Conclusion: A minority of EM residency programs have formal instruction in radiology despite the majority of responding program leadership believing that these are important skills. The most important curricular areas were identified. These results may inform the development of formal radiology curricula in EM graduate medical education.
Patient Frustration with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Education Met with Resilient Response.

INTRODUCTION Limited patient understanding due to challenges in physician-patient communication and inadequate patient education materials (PEMs) can result in poor outcomes after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair. Our objective was to identify how patients learned about POP and review their perception of available educational tools. METHODS Patients with a history of POP were recruited using ResearchMatch and invited to participate in a virtual semi-structured interview where they were shown a website, brochure, and video pertaining to POP. Information regarding patient preference for PEMs was obtained. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and qualitative data analysis was performed using grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Qualitative analysis of interviews of 13 participants averaging 58 years old yielded several preliminary themes including: insufficient information to guide treatment decisions, preference for multimodal, dynamic, and comprehensive materials, and lack of support leading to avoidance of care, misinformation, and self-advocacy mechanisms. Emerging concepts included: lack of complete information regarding POP treatment resulted in misinformation, stress and desperation, distrust of healthcare providers leading to feelings of isolation, desire of support groups, and loss of follow up, and a desire for well-organized, detailed, multimodal, and destigmatizing materials as a guide to their disease process, prevention and risk factors, its natural progression, and treatment decisions. Participants developed self-reliant strategies for making treatment decisions, including the use of online resources, advice from friends, and independent search for more specialized physicians. CONCLUSIONS Women with POP reported a lack of information and support which resulted in the generation of self-coping mechanisms. This led to significant anxiety surrounding their diagnosis and treatment and poor satisfaction. Developing a reproducible methodology to create evidence-based PEMs will significantly decrease patient misinformation, apprehension, and use of inaccurate sources of information.