cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Best practices and lessons from deploying and operating a sustained-petascale system: the blue waters experience

Building and operating versatile extreme-scale computing systems that work productively for a range of frontier research domains present many challenges and opportunities. Solutions created, experiences acquired, and lessons learned, while rarely published, could drive the development of new methods and practices and raise the bar for all organizations supporting research, scholarship, and education. This paper describes the methods and procedures developed for deploying, supporting, and continuously improving the Blue Waters system and its services during the last five years. Being the first US sustained-petascale computing platform available to the open-science community, the Blue Waters project pioneered various unique practices that we are sharing to be adopted and further improved by the community. We present our support and service methodologies, and the leadership practices employed for ensuring that the system stays highly efficient and productive. We also provide the return on investment summaries related to deploying and operating the system.
Elevated plasma homocysteine and cysteine are associated with endothelial dysfunction across menopausal stages in healthy women

Declines in circulating estradiol across the stages of the menopausal transition may lead to elevations in Hcy and cysteine concentrations that may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Abnormalit...
Abstract 16331: Alcohol Consumption and Its Relation to Obesity in a Population-Based Study in Finland

Introduction: Alcohol is the second most energy-dense macronutrient and it is metabolized very effectively. The previous results, however, do not conclusively confirm a positive association between alcohol consumption and BMI. In several studies, moderate alcohol consumers have shown lower BMI than abstainers, despite their higher daily energy intake. Our aim was to determine associations of alcohol consumption with energy intake and BMI. Methods: The National FINRISK 2012 Health Study consisted of 4776 participants aged 25-74 years. The Study included questionnaires and measured weight and height. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants’ whole diet. Findings: Of men, 12% were classified as abstainers and 6% as heavy drinkers, while the percentages for women were 25% and 3%, respectively. The mean daily alcohol consumption was 12.9 g among men and 4.4 g among women. Alcohol consumption had a highly skewed distribution; the participants in the highest alcohol quintile consu...
Where and Why Do Illicit Businesses Cluster? Comparing Sexually Oriented Massage Parlors in Los Angeles County and New York City:

Immigrant-run sexually oriented massage parlors embody the intersection of important planning issues, including inequitable distribution of controversial land uses and economic functions of illicit businesses. We analyzed geocoded data from a ratings website to examine sexually oriented massage parlor clustering in Los Angeles County (LAC) and New York City (NYC). In LAC, clustering occurred in areas with more Asian and Hispanic residents. In NYC, clustering occurred mostly in Manhattan and was negatively associated with household size. Local regulation did not appear to affect clustering. Study findings hold lessons about both more effective regulation and enabling economic development in immigrant populations.
Variations in Application Instructions for Forensic Psychiatry Fellowships.

In this study, the authors examined the consistency and the transparency of application instructions for forensic psychiatry fellowships in the USA. The authors collected the names of US forensic psychiatry fellowships listed in the Directory of Forensic Psychiatry Fellowships maintained by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Using data from active fellowship websites, the authors extracted for each program: (1) timelines for applications and interviews, (2) whether an application form was supplied, and (3) the presence of specific application requirements (e.g., curriculum vitae, personal statement, letters of recommendation, residency training director evaluations, writing samples). Among 45 fellowship websites, 31 (68.9%) did not provide specific dates or months when their application cycle opened, nor did they indicate whether they accepted applications on a rolling basis. Fourteen (31.1%) did not have an application form, and 8 (17.8%) did not list application requirements. Among 37 programs that listed specific requirements on their websites, 36 (97.3%) required a curriculum vitae or letters of recommendation, 35 (94.6%) required a personal statement and/or letter of interest, and 27 (73.0%) required writing samples and/or evaluation materials from residency program directors. This study found considerable variations among online application instructions for US forensic psychiatry fellowships. Although many factors shape recruitment into forensic psychiatry fellowships, improving the consistency and the transparency of application instructions might decrease stress related to the application cycle and streamline recruitment into the field.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

To the Editor: In the review by Brunham et al. (May 21 issue),1 Mycoplasma genitalium is included as an etiologic agent of pelvic inflammatory disease. Studies have shown that this pathogen may be as prevalent as Chlamydia trachomatis in genital infections2; hence, guidance on treatment for infection with this organism is critically important. As such, it is surprising that Brunham states, “Substitution of azithromycin for doxycycline covers M. genitalium and simplifies dosing.” Such a statement ignores the widespread macrolide resistance (approximately 40%) among M. genitalium isolates.3,4 Furthermore, a recent randomized trial showed that clinical cure rates were low . . .
Predictive in silico binding algorithms reveal HLA specificities and autoallergen peptides associated with atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease that results from a combination of skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. The immune dysregulation is often associated with IgE sensitivity. There is also evidence that autoallergens Hom s 1, 2, 3, and 4 play a role in AD; it is possible that patients with specific HLA subtypes are predisposed to autoreactivity due to increased presentation of autoallergen peptides. The goal of our study was to use in silico epitope prediction platforms as an approach to identify HLA subtypes that may preferentially bind autoallergen peptides and are thus candidates for further study. Considering the previously described association of DRB1 alleles with AD and progression of disease, emphasis was placed on DRB1. Certain DRB1 alleles (08:04, 11:01, and 11:04) were identified by both algorithms to bind a significant percent of the generated autoallergen peptides. Conversely, autoallergen core peptide sequences FRQLSHRFH and IRAKLRLQA (Hom s 1), IRKSKNILF (Hom s 2), FKWVPVTDS and MAAIEKVRK (Hom s 3), and FRYFATLKV (Hom s 4) were predicted to bind many DRB1 alleles and, thus, may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Our findings provide candidate DRB1 alleles and autoallergen epitopes that will guide future studies exploring the relationship between DRB1 subtype and autoreactivity in AD. A similar approach can be used for any antigen that has been associated with an IgE response and AD.
A CASE OF POSTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATED BY ACUTE MITRAL REGURGITATION

The left circumflex or the right coronary artery usually supplies the posteromedial papillary muscle (PMPM) depending on dominance. Single blood supply of PMPM predisposes it to rupture in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. A 68 year old male presented with upper back pain, shortness of
In vivo assessment of respiratory burst inhibition by xenobiotic exposure using larval zebrafish.

Currently, assessment of the potential immunotoxicity of a given agent involves a tiered approach for hazard identification and mechanistic studies, including observational studies, evaluation of i...
Silicate Bond Characteristics in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrates Determined by High Pressure Raman Spectroscopy

The mechanical and thermal properties of the gigatonnes of concrete produced annually are strongly affected by the anharmonicity of the chemical bonds in its main binding phase, nanocrystalline cal...
The immediate and long-term effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on domestic violence calls for service across six U.S. jurisdictions

We assessed immediate and long-term trends in calls for police service regarding domestic violence following COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Using open data from the Police Data Initiative, we perfor...
Fashion Journalism in Newspapers during World War II, and Beyond

Newspaper fashion editors of the 1950s and 1960s were an adventurous group. While they lacked prestige at their publications, their readership was wide. For some, it was a national byline—Eugenia Sheppard and Virginia Pope were household names. For others, they were well known in their towns, from Dallas to Pittsburgh to Milwaukee. They discovered designers and defined trends. Their reporting covered politics, technology, and consumerism. In later years, their reporting included gender roles, race, and social norms. These women wrote about the end of hats and white gloves. They documented the debate over skirt length and the proper undergarments. The fashion editors traveled the country and the world to tell stories. Yet, at their newspapers, they were part of the women’s pages and rarely allowed in the newsroom.
AdaCon: Adaptive Context-Aware Object Detection for Resource-Constrained Embedded Devices.

Convolutional Neural Networks achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in object detection tasks. However, they have large computational and energy requirements that challenge their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Object detection takes an image as an input, and identifies the existing object classes as well as their locations in the image. In this paper, we leverage the prior knowledge about the probabilities that different object categories can occur jointly to increase the efficiency of object detection models. In particular, our technique clusters the object categories based on their spatial co-occurrence probability. We use those clusters to design an adaptive network. During runtime, a branch controller decides which part(s) of the network to execute based on the spatial context of the input frame. Our experiments using COCO dataset show that our adaptive object detection model achieves up to 45% reduction in the energy consumption, and up to 27% reduction in the latency, with a small loss in the average precision (AP) of object detection.
The Use of Somatostatin Analogues in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in the working age population in the Western world. Before the advent of intensive therapy with the goal of near normalization of blood glucose levels, greater than 90% of diabetics developed some degree of retinopathy after 20 years of diabetes (1,2). Despite the emphasis on "tight" blood glucose control supported by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, tight control will not be possible in all patients and thus diabetic retinopathy will thus remain a clinically relevant complication. Diabetic Retinopathy occurs in two phases, non-proliferative retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy.
Gastric surface morphology in man, monkey, and ferret. Evidence for in situ surface cell degeneration.

Abstract The surface ultrastructure of the human and ferret stomach which had previously been described, and the squirrel monkey stomach was studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to characterize normal cell loss from the surface. The normal morphology of viable cell surfaces, as well as structural changes associated with in situ degeneration, were similar in all three species. It was apparent that occasional, individual epithelial cells could be observed in varying states of degeneration in situ , and transmission electron microscopy verified that this phenomenon was not artifactual. No evidence for epithelial cell desquamation or cell extrusion was observed. In situ degeneration was first detectable on the gastric mucosal surface as a small pit located in the center of the convex surface of the cell. Subsequently, the cavitation enlarged and eventually the cell contents dissipated, and adjacent viable cells converged at the site of cell degeneration. This high-resolution finding in three species suggests that in situ epithelial cell degeneration on the gastric surface is a normal mode of cell loss, and represents at least one of the final stages in the gastric, mucosal regeneration scheme.
Abstract 18789: A Learning Collaborative Model to Improve Door to Needle Time for Stroke Thrombolysis in Chicago

Background: Door-to-needle (DTN) times have remained suboptimal despite overall increases in tissue plasminogen activator use (tPA) for stroke in Chicago. The American Heart Association’s (AHA) Quality Enhancement for Speedy Thrombolysis in Stroke (QUESTS) initiative aimed to identify barriers to reduce DTN times at Chicago’s 15 primary stroke centers (PSCs) and increase the proportion of patients treated with tPA within 60 minutes of hospital arrival. Methods: Starting in January 2013, we used face-to-face and on-site meetings with each PSC’s stroke team members to share AHA Target Stroke best practices and strategies to reduce DTN time. A survey of current practice was completed at each site to determine opportunities for improvement and repeated at 1 year to assess implementation of new strategies. We used the Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) Stroke registry to aggregate baseline data DTN times and track performance in each quarter of 2013. Results: At baseline, 5 strategies were notably under-utilized at Chicago’s 15 PSCs: 1) Direct to CT scanner (baseline: 0 sites; 1 year: 5 sites); 2) pre-mixing tPA (baseline: 1 site; 1 year: 14 sites); 3) tPA prior to laboratory results (baseline: 3 sites; 1 year: 7 sites); 4) stroke code activation at triage (baseline: 4 sites; 1 year: 13 sites); and 5) streamlined consent process (baseline: 0 sites; 1 year: 12 sites. The proportion of patients treated within 60 minutes increased in each quarter of 2013 from 25% in quarter 1 to 60% in quarter 4 (p Conclusions: Using a learning collaborative model to implement strategies to reduce DTN times among 15 PSCs in Chicago, we observed major improvements within a few months. Regional collaboration and best practices sharing should be a model for rapid and sustainable system-wide quality improvement.
An Asset Risk Theory of Share Tenancy

Reverse share tenancy, wherein poorer landlords rent out land to richer tenants on shares, is a common phenomenon. Yet it does not fit existing theoretical models of sharecropping and has never before been modeled in the economics literature. We explain share tenancy contracts using an asset risk model that incorporates Marshallian inefficiency and thereby provides a credible explanation for share tenancy more broadly, reverse tenancy included. When choosing the terms of an agrarian contract, the landlord considers the impact of her choice on the probability that she will retain future rights to the rented land. Thus, this model captures the effect of tenure insecurity and property rights on agrarian contracts. Among the main testable implications of the theoretical model are that, as property rights become more secure, reverse tenancy tends to disappear and that kin contracts tend to make share tenancy more likely.
Coupling finite element and integral equation representations to efficiently model large three-dimensional scattering objects

The authors outline a method that couples a three-dimensional finite element solution interior to the bounding surface with an efficient integral equation solution that exactly enforces the Sommerfeld radiation condition. Specifically, edge based, vector finite elements are used to model fields in the interior region. Numerical results are presented for the example of scattering from a homogeneous dielectric sphere of relative permittivity 2. >
International Law and State Socialization: Conceptual, Empirical, and Normative Challenges

In How to Influence States: Socialization and International Human Rights Law, we argue that (1) acculturation is a conceptually distinct social process through which law might influence state behavior; and (2) the elements of the acculturation process suggest several regime design characteristics unorthodox to human rights law. More generally, we maintain that the behavioral assumptions of international legal regimes must be more systematically theorized and investigated. Proper specification of the social mechanisms of law's influence, we argue, would facilitate the development of an integrated theory of regime design - one that accounts for the various social mechanisms, specifies the conditions under which they predominate, and identifies the regime design features that best harness these forces. In thoughtful and probing reply essays, Dean Harold Hongju Koh and Professor Jose Alvarez raise several important questions about our argument. Broadly sympathetic to our view, Dean Koh and Professor Alvarez direct much of their commentary to ways in which the project might be refined and ways in which the descriptive claims might be tested empirically. In this brief response, we do not offer a comprehensive rebuttal to their essays. Instead, we seek to clarify our project in a few theoretically crucial respects through a focused consideration of three important themes that recur in the replies. Specifically, we discuss (1) the need for case studies documenting in detail the processes whereby and, the actors through which, global norms diffuse; (2) potential deficiencies in our model resulting from a failure to account for important variables; and (3) features of acculturation that question its conceptual coherence and its normative appeal.
Threshold Photoneutrons and Photon Doorways

It has long been recognized that the measurement of photonuclear cross sections with an energy resolution as fine as that obtained heretofore only for neutron cross sections would be a powerful probe for investigating the properties of nuclear states. This would bring to bear the electromagnetic selection rules as a spectroscopic tool, and open for investigation all the stable nuclei not accessible to neutron-induced reactions. This goal now has been accomplished, for the first MeV or so above the (γ,n) threshold, by the threshold photoneutron technique.1 In this experiment, bremsstrahlung from a pulsed, nearly monoenergetic electron beam is directed at the sample under study. The neutrons ejected in the (γ,n) reaction are detected and their energy is measured by the neutron time-of-flight technique. The energy of the electron beam is adjusted so that the tip of the bremsstrahlung spectrum barely exceeds the (γ,n) threshold of the sample. Then neutron transitions from levels of the compound nucleus to excited states of the residual nucleus cannot take place — only ground state transitions are energetically possible. Thus a measure of the neutron energy uniquely determines the energy of the photon which induced the reaction.
High efficiency novel window air conditioner

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical evaluation of measures to raise the efficiency of window air conditioners (WAC). In order to achieve a higher energy efficiency ratio (EER), the original capacity of a baseline R410A unit was reduced by replacing the original compressor with a lower capacity but higher EER compressor, while all heat exchangers and the chassis from the original unit were retained. Subsequent major modifications included – replacing the alternating current fan motor with a brushless high efficiency electronically commutated motor (ECM) motor, replacing the capillary tube with a needle valve to better control the refrigerant flow and refrigerant set points, and replacing R410A with a ‘drop-in’ lower global warming potential (GWP) binary mixture of R32/R125 (85/15% molar concentration). All these modifications resulted in significant enhancement in the EER of the baseline WAC. Further, an economic analysis of the new WAC revealed an encouraging payback period.
The recurrence risks for isolated cases with incompletely penetrant X-linked conditions

The recurrence risks for an X-linked disease with incomplete penetrance are evaluated for a sib given that an isolated proband (male or female) is affected. The derived formulae are applied to the X-linked form of Alport and fragile X syndromes.
Reirradiation with Proton Therapy for Recurrent Gliomas

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of reirradiation with proton therapy (PT) in patients with recurrent gliomas. Patients and Methods: Between 2005 and 2012, 20 patients with recurrent gliomas were irradiated with proton therapy at the Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center. Three had low-grade gliomas (LGGs, World Health Organization grade I/II), 4 had grade III, and 13 had glioblastoma (GBM, World Health Organization grade IV). The median time interval between initial radiation and reirradiation was 17.4, 62.8, and 15.3 months for LGG, grade III gliomas, and GBMs, respectively. The median dose delivered was 30, 59.4, and 54 Gy (RBE) for the low-grade, grade III, and grade IV tumors, respectively. Results: The median follow-up time from reirradiation was 8.3 months (range, 1.4 to 25.3), and 30% of the patients were alive at time of follow-up evaluation. Only 1 patient with an LGG had died. Median overall survival (OS) from the time of the original pathologic diagnosis ...
Lymphoma as a Mimicker of Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Case Report.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an increasingly recognized source of hip pain in the young athletic patient population1. As awareness regarding the presentation and physical examination findings consistent with this diagnosis grows, an increase in the incidence of its diagnosis is likely to occur. Most patients present with anterior hip or groin pain that is exacerbated with activities that promote flexion, internal rotation, and/or adduction of the involved hip. Patients will often have difficulty getting into and out of a vehicle and putting on socks and shoes, and they also experience pain with prolonged sitting2. There is a wide variety of possible diagnoses in patients presenting with vague anterior hip or groin pain, including osteoarthritis, sports hernia, femoral neck stress fracture, pubalgia, and malignancy. Osseous lesions, including myeloma and lymphoma, can often be the first presentation of a malignant disease process; however, such presentations are more often associated with vague groin pain and concomitant constitutional symptoms. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports in the English-language literature describing an initial presentation of lymphoma with symptoms and radiographic findings consistent with FAI. Additionally, while there are characteristic radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with FAI, bone marrow signal abnormalities are atypical, and there are no reports describing hematologic abnormalities in the setting of FAI. We describe a unique presentation of right hip pain consistent with FAI in a patient ultimately found to have non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. A previously healthy fifty-six-year-old man initially presented with a three-month history of right hip pain. He denied …
The Development of a First-Year Student Library Instruction Program at Duke University

In 1995, the Duke University Libraries began an instructional program designed to reach all first-year students. Starting as a general library orientation, this program, through trial and error, has evolved into a two-session program, which incorporates many library instruction techniques, including active learning exercises, and consistently receives high marks. Based on the Duke University Libraries' experience, the authors propose strategies for developing a successful bibliographic instruction program for freshmen.
Molecular Cloning, Developmental Expression, and Phosphorylation of Ribosomal Protein S6 in the Endocrine Gland Responsible for Insect Molting

Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 is requisite for prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated specific protein synthesis and subsequent ecdysteroidogenesis in the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. To better understand the role of S6 in regulating ecdysteroidogenesis, S6 cDNA was isolated from a Manduca prothoracic gland cDNA library and sequenced. The deduced protein is comprised of 253 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,038, and contains four copies of a 10-amino acid motif defining potential DNA-binding sites. This Manduca S6 possesses a consensus recognition sequence for the p70(s6k) binding domain as well as six seryl residues at the carboxyl-terminal sequence of 17 amino acids. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of Manduca prothoracic gland S6 is limited exclusively to serine residues. Although alterations in the quantity of S6 mRNA throughout the last larval instar and early pupal-adult development were not well correlated with the hemolymph ecdysteroid titer, developmental expression and phosphorylation of S6 were temporally correlated with PTTH release and the hemolymph ecdysteroid titer. These data provide additional evidence that S6 phosphorylation is a critical element in the transduction pathway leading to PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis.
Theoretical determination of δ in 18+δ organometallic complexes

Abstract The 19-electron organometallic complexes [Co(CO)3(L2)] (L2=2,3-bis phosphino maleic anhydride), [Co(CO)2(PH3)(L2)], [Fe(CO)3(L2)]− and [ReBr(CO)3(L2)]− were studied theoretically at the B3LYP level. The SBKJC effective core potentials and their associated basis sets were used for metals and the 6-31G(d) basis set was used for all other elements. The theoretically calculated geometries are compared with experiment, where known. The results reveal that the 19th electron is predominantly distributed over the chelating ligand, although partially localized onto the metal fragment, showing 18+δ character. Two different methods, calculated IR-frequencies and natural atomic charges, were used to determine the value of δ. The computed δ values are compared with the available experimental data.
Mortality of US pentachlorophenol production workers through 2005

A cohort of 2122 US pentachlorophenol (PCP) production workers from four plants in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Dioxin Registry was exposed to PCP and to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran contaminants of PCP production. A subcohort of 720 was also exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, a contaminant of trichlorophenol (TCP) while using TCP or a TCP derivative. PCP and several production contaminants have been implicated as animal carcinogens. A priori hypotheses were that the cohort would have elevated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for aplastic anemia, soft-tissue sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as suggested by human studies, and for leukemia and liver, adrenal, thyroid, and parathyroid cancer, as suggested by animal studies. From 1940 to 2005 1165 deaths occurred with an overall SMR of 1.01 [95% confidence limits (CI), 0.95-1.07]. Overall cancer mortality (326 deaths, SMR 1.17, CI 1.05-1.31) was in statistically significant excess. There were excess deaths for trachea, bronchus and lung cancers (126 deaths, SMR 1.36, CI 1.13-1.62), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (17 deaths, SMR 1.77, CI 1.03-2.84), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (63 deaths, SMR 1.38, CI 1.06-1.77), and medical complications (5 deaths, SMR 3.52, CI 1.14-8.22). In race- and sex-specific analyses, white males had increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma mortality (17 deaths, SMR 1.98, CI 1.15-3.17) and males of other races had increased leukemia mortality (four deaths, SMR 4.57, CI 1.25-11.7). The excess of cancers of a priori interest, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia, provide some support for the carcinogenicity of PCP, however, further studies with more detailed exposure assessment are needed.
Conformation of (1→6)-β-D-glucan by vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism

Gelation of pustulan [(1→ 6)-β-d-glucan] likely involves some chain ordering. To characterize the most probable conformation, we previously carried out energy calculations and identified the local energy minimums. Here, we analyze the (previously measured) vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism of pustulan by using a quadrant rule recently proposed for the 175-nm c.d. band and our earlier quantummechanical model for the 185-nm c.d. band. Most of the local-energy minimum conformations are shown to be inconsistent with the circular dichroism observed. Of the two distinct conformations consistent with the observed circular dichroism, one includes the global-energy minimum calculated earlier, i.e., (φ, ψ, ω) = (20°, −90°, gt).
Federal information dissemination policies and practices: One perspective on managing the transition

Abstract The environment in which federal agencies, libraries, other information providers, and users are operating is one of rapid change. These institutions, agencies, libraries, and providers face similar pressures. It is a time to maintain current services with increasing budget pressures and shifting priorities. It is a time of transition to net-worked-based services with the concurrent delivery of, or expectation of, ongoing information services. Finally, it is a time that all stakeholders understand, indeed they are clamoring for a rethinking of government information dissemination programs, albeit from different perspectives, yet in reaction to similar or common pressures. A review of some of the pressures on the federal information dissemination system is presented in addition to descriptions of some innovative collaborative partnerships that are forming in response to the call for change in information dissemination policies and practices.
Effective range analysis of positron-hydrogen collisions

Humberston [Can. J. Phys. 60, 591 (1982)], using the Kohn variational method, showed that the range of validity of Wigner's threshold law for positronium formation in positron-hydrogen collisions is extremely narrow for the S wave. To examine the near-threshold behavior, we analyzed ab initio calculations using the multichannel effective range theory of Watanabe and Greene [Phys. Rev. A 22, 158 (1980)] and the single-channel effective range theory of Fabrikant [Opt. Spectrose 53, 131 (1982)] for the positronium-proton channel. We confirmed the presence of a Ramsauer minimum in the L=0 elastic cross section for positronium-proton scattering, and found a similar minimum for L=1. The near-threshold structure is interpreted in terms of a virtual state, resonances, tunneling through and transmission over a barrier, and quantum suppression.
Structures of the 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-dipyridyl adducts of tris(2,6-dimethylheptane-3,5-dionato)europium(III)

Abstract The title compounds, conveniently abbreviated Eu(DMH)3·o-phen and Eu(DMH)3·dipy, have been prepared and characterized by means of their luminescence spectra and by complete structure determination by X-ray diffraction. The spectral results indicated the existence of two europium sites in the dipy compound but only one in the o-phen complex. The X-ray results show that the o-phen complex has a single geometry, the coordination polyhedron of which is best approximated as a square antiprism, whereas there are two geometries in the dipy complex, both of which are also square antiprisms but are more distorted. In all cases the chelate rings span the s edges of the square antiprism and the bond distances are typical for this type of complex.
A Hamiltonian structure associated with a matrix spectral problem of arbitrary-order

Starting from a specific matrix iso-spectral problem, an associated hierarchy of multi-component Hamiltonian equations is constructed, based on zero curvature equations. The key point is to choose appropriate time parts of Lax pairs which can yield evolution equations, and the existence of a Hamiltonian structure for the obtained hierarchy is established by means of the trace identity. An example with five components is computed, along with its Hamiltonian structure.
Assembly of discrete collagen-chitosan microenvironments into multiphase tissue constructs.

We report on two novel methods of creating complex multiphase tissue constructs from discrete extracellular matrix microenvironments using centrifugation and vacuum molding. In general, the broad field of tissue engineering encompasses a variety of methodologies for creating biological tissues for the replacement or repair of injured or diseased tissues. Modular tissue engineering attempts to create tissues by generating larger structures from repeating subunits, or “modules”.[1] These repeating subunits can be designed to have unique microarchitectural features, and allow for the bottom-up creation of macro-scale tissues. One advantage presented by the modular tissue engineering method is the ability to create complex tissues with precisely designed morphologies and spatially controlled patterning. However, a current limitation of this technology is providing cells with appropriate functional extracellular matrices, which are critical for the development and differentiation of cells into desired tissue types. This paper presents facile techniques by which modular microenvironments comprised of collagen-chitosan microbeads 200–300 μm in diameter can be assembled into larger-scale constructs with defined spatial arrangement. Two methods are presented: vacuum molding and centrifugation. The ability to control the environment surrounding cells in this manner allows for patterning of cellular microenvironments for the study of cell interactions, and this method may be extended to generation of complex tissues.
A powerful bursting radio source towards the Galactic Centre

A transient radio source with unique properties has been discovered close the centre of our Galaxy. Its powerful radio bursts, clock-like regularity and unusual timescale imply a temperature greater than trillions of degrees. This high temperature in turn implies that the radiation emitted from all parts of the radio source is ‘coherent’ — that is, it is almost entirely of a single wavelength. This combination of properties makes it a hitherto unknown type of radio source, though it may not be ‘unique’ for long. The discovery was made possible by a new observational strategy, wide-field imaging at low frequencies, which can be expected to come up with more intriguing sources in future. Transient astronomical sources are typically powered by compact objects and usually signify highly explosive or dynamic events1. Although high-time-resolution observations are often possible in radio astronomy2, they are usually limited to quite narrow fields of view. The dynamic radio sky is therefore poorly sampled, in contrast to the situation in the X-ray and γ-ray bands in which wide-field instruments routinely detect transient sources3. Here we report a transient radio source, GCRT J1745–3009, which was detected during a moderately wide-field monitoring programme of the Galactic Centre region4,5 at 0.33 GHz. The characteristics of its bursts are unlike those known for any other class of radio transient. If located in or near the Galactic Centre, its brightness temperature (∼1016 K) and the implied energy density within GCRT J1745–3009 vastly exceed those observed in most other classes of radio astronomical sources6, and are consistent with coherent emission processes7 that are rarely observed. We conclude that it represents a hitherto unknown class of transient radio sources, the first of possibly many new classes that may be discovered by emerging wide-field radio telescopes8.
Resource managers in functional programming

The sole effect of expression evaluation in a functional programming language is the production of a resultant value. This absence of side effects greatly facilitates both the formal characterization and the concurrent execution of functional programs. Unfortunately, the absence of side effects also conflicts with conventional means of achieving input/output, interprocess communication, and resource allocation. By incorporating the history of communication into a stream, functional programs can be written for I/O and communication. Using the stream concept, managers may be written to control access to resources shared by several processes.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Hand Test with Older Adults:

The Hand Test was administered twice to 14 males and 36 females who resided in nursing care facilities. 23 of the 24 correlations (.29 to .73) were significant except for Fear (.12) which was too inftequent to correlate significantly.
A dynamic model-based estimate of the value of a vanadium redox flow battery for frequency regulation in Texas

Building on past work seeking to value emerging energy storage technologies in grid-based applications, this paper introduces a dynamic model-based framework to value a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) participating in Texas’ organized electricity market. Our model describes the dynamic behavior of a VRFB system’s voltage and state of charge based on the instantaneous charging or discharging power required from the battery. We formulate an optimization problem that incorporates the model to show the potential value of a VRFB used for frequency regulation service in Texas. The optimization is implemented in Matlab using the large-scale, interior-point, nonlinear optimization algorithm, with the objective function gradient, nonlinear constraint gradients, and Hessian matrix specified analytically. Utilizing market prices and other relevant data from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), we find that a VRFB system used for frequency regulation service could be worth approximately $1500/kW.
Multinational involvement and risk

Abstract This study reveals that foreign sales, profit and asset percentage data all relate to the same underlying multinational involvement phenomena, and finds no inverse relation between two common measures of risk and multinational involvement. These results suggest the multinational phenomena must be rationalized on the basis of imperfections in input and output markets, rather than on the basis of imperfections in international capital markets.
Theoretical Development of Advance Organizers.

The author presents a case for theoretical development of advance organizers based on several theories discussed in the paper.
Far-infrared observations of M20 /NGC 6514/

A far-infrared map of M20 shows a total flux of 26 kJy at an effective wavelength of 69 microns and a size of 8 arcmin FWHM. In the region near M20, two compact far-infrared sources were also detected; one source coincides with W28 C, and the other is not identified with any radio source.
Infrared absorption by sulfur-doped silicon formed by femtosecond laser irradiation

We microstructured silicon surfaces with femtosecond laser irradiation in the presence of SF6. These surfaces display strong absorption of infrared radiation at energies below the band gap of crystalline silicon. We report the dependence of this below-band gap absorption on microstructuring conditions (laser fluence, number of laser pulses, and background pressure of SF6) along with structural and chemical characterization of the material. Significant amounts of sulfur are incorporated into the silicon over a wide range of microstructuring conditions; the sulfur is embedded in a disordered nanocrystalline layer less than 1 μm thick that covers the microstructures. The most likely mechanism for the below-band gap absorption is the formation of a band of sulfur impurity states overlapping the silicon band edge, reducing the band gap from 1.1 eV to approximately 0.4 eV.
Performance Evaluation for Phase-Coded Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access Communication--Part II: Code Sequence Analysis

An analysis of the code sequence parameters that are most important to the communication performance of an asynchronous phase-coded spread-spectrum multiple-access communication system is presented. Previously known bounds and computational techniques for such parameters are surveyed. Some new results on mean-square correlation are included.
MEAM molecular dynamics study of a gold thin film on a silicon substrate

Abstract Modified embedded atom method (MEAM) models have been used in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations to study the interface between a silicon substrate and a thin overlayer of gold. Due to the absence of stable compound formation in the Au–Si phase diagram, we computed ground state properties for a representative Au–Si structure, namely the B1(NaCl) structure within the local density approximation (LDA), and fitted MEAM parameters to this data. The MEAM potentials were tested for their ability to reproduce LDA calculations such as the predictions of properties for Au/Si in the L12 structure, the binding energies and bond lengths for two isolated clusters, the energy barrier for an Au atom migrating in the (1 1 0) channel of c-Si, and some fundamental physical properties for elemental Au. All errors are within 10%. The molecular dynamics simulations focussed mainly on investigating three critical issues where experimental data conflict: (1) the critical coverage of Au atoms needed to induce intermixing at the interface, (2) the composition of the topmost layer and the surface region under different Au coverages, and (3) the influence of temperature on the chemical composition of the Au–Si interface. NVT molecular dynamics simulations at room temperature showed that the formation of silicides at the Au–Si interface is very fast and can be formed at very low coverage (0.11 monolayer). We observed a structural transition from disordered silicides at low coverage to a crystalline Au top layer as the number of monolayers increased. The thickness of the silicide layer formed at the interface initially increased rapidly but reached a constant value after a certain amount of Au atoms were deposited. The interface between an Au thin film and an Si substrate consisted of two alloyed regions separated by an 80-at.% Au-rich layer. In contrast, the interface between an Au island and an Si substrate involved a 50–50 alloy, formed near the top layer of the Si substrate. Annealing at 500 K altered the distribution of Au and Si atoms in the alloyed region, even though the average composition of the intermixed layer remained the same as that before annealing. Between 500 and 800 K, we observed rapid growth of a silicide layer and a transition from an Au-rich to an Si-rich surface region due to a dramatic increase of Si outdiffusion. Annealing to 1000 K did not alter the boundary between the Au silicide and the Si substrate, implying that Au indiffusion had diminished and the growth of Au silicides was dominated by the outdiffusion of Si atoms within this temperature range.
Low temperature infrared spectrum of ferrocene-h10 and -d10

Abstract The low temperature i.r. spectrum of ferrocene has many features not consistent with the room temperature structure. Some changes in the vibrational assignment are made. The e1u ring-metal-ring deformation is observed at 179 cm−1 and the spectroscopic entropy is corrected accordingly.
Vitrification preserves murine and human donor cells for generation of tissue-engineered intestine

Abstract Background Short bowel syndrome causes significant morbidity and mortality. Tissue-engineered intestine may serve as a viable replacement. Tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) has previously been generated in the mouse model from donor cells that were harvested and immediately reimplanted; however, this technique may prove impossible in children who are critically ill, hemodynamically unstable, or septic. We hypothesized that organoid units (OU), multicellular clusters containing epithelium and mesenchyme, could be cryopreserved for delayed production of TESI. Methods OU were isolated from Results After cryopreservation, the viability of murine OU was significantly higher in the vitrification group (93 ± 2%, mean ± standard error of the mean) compared with standard freezing (56 ± 6%) (P Conclusions We demonstrated improved multicellular viability after vitrification over conventional cryopreservation techniques and the first successful vitrification of murine and human OU with subsequent TESI generation. Clinical application of this method may allow for delayed autologous implantation of TESI for children in extremis.
The sometimes harsh reality of real world computer science projects

Real world projects for senior level software engineering courses offer many advantages for students and others involved. Because of the nature of the projects and the people involved, however, many problems can arise during the design and implementation of such projects. This paper discusses in depth the issues that computer science students sometimes face when they take on one of these real world projects.
A remote query magnetostrictive viscosity sensor.

Magnetically soft, magnetostrictive metallic glass ribbons are used as in-situ remote query viscosity sensors. When immersed in a liquid, changes in the resonant frequency of the ribbon-like sensors are shown to correlate with the square root of the liquid viscosity and density product. An elastic wave model is presented that describes the sensor response as a function of the frictional forces acting upon the sensor surface.
The Quality of the Social Environment at Work and Job Satisfaction1

The relation between social factors at work and job satisfaction was studied by measuring two components of a social environment: a common social environment, the social climate shared by employees in the same work setting: and an individual social environment. the individual's unique social space within that setting. An analysis of questionnaire data from 299, mostly female, bank workers indicated that there is a moderate relation between the quality of the social environment at work and individual job satisfaction. This finding held even when independent judges' (1.e.. coworkers') ratings were used as the measure of the common social environment. The results were also consistent with the hypothesis that job satisfaction is more strongly linked to the quality of supervisor relations than to relationships with coworkers. Contrary to expectations, the common social environment at work was a better predictor of job satisfaction than was the individual social environment. and supervisors and coworkers appeared to contribute equally to perceptions of the common environment.
Wavefront correctors based on semi-passive bimorph elements for adaptive optics applications: new designs

Fast piezoelectric controlled adaptive optics elements are developed allowing one to design the adaptive optics system with compensation of optical phase aberrations in frequency range exceeding 10 kHz. Adaptive optic elements include: 13-channel deformable mirrors DM-13 with aperture 25 and 30mm, combine device formed with DM-13 attached to the tip/tilt platform, 49-channel deformable mirror PM-49 based on in-pockets piezoelectric multi-pixel actuators. The designs, fabrication and performances of the developed devices are described. The emphasis is made on the experimental investigation of resonance behavior of the devices and influence of the passive damping on the frequency bandwidth.