cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflection and transmission coefficients for finite-sized aperiodic aggregates of spheres

Generalized Mie theory is employed to study the reflection and transmission properties of finite-sized spherical arrays of nanoparticles based on aperiodic geometries. To simulate realistic experimental conditions, a circular aperture is used to create an incident field with a finite beamwidth. The diffracted fields from the circular aperture are expanded in terms of vector spherical wave harmonics, which are then employed to derive the scattered fields using the generalized Mie theory. Expansion of diffracted fields in terms of spherical harmonics also led to new analytical expressions for two important integrals involving Bessel, associated Legendre, and trigonometric functions, which arise in electromagnetic diffraction problems. Subsequently, generalized scattering parameters were defined in terms of far-field specular energy fluxes. To verify the results, the method was applied to a truncated periodic array of spherical gold nanoparticles for which the generalized scattering parameters were compared and found to agree with the scattering parameters obtained for an infinite planar structure subject to periodic boundary conditions. The method was then applied to an aperiodic array of gold nanoparticles based on a Penrose geometry, and the lowest-order photonic resonances were observed in the predicted regions. Furthermore, it was shown that by proper scaling, the photonic resonances can be strategically placed in the plasmonic region of the gold, where they are enhanced due to strong coupling between the plasmonic and photonic modes.
The synthesis and evaluation of cyclic olefin sulfone copolymers and terpolymers as electron beam resists

Poly(cyclopentene sulfone) (PCPS) and poly(bicycloheptene sulfone) (PBCHS) copolymers have been evaluated as potential positive electron beam resists which have good thermal properties and which show high sensitivity to ionizing radiation. It was found that thin copolymer films could be processed as resists but that films greater than 3000 A thick cracked in the solvents used to dissolve the radiation-exposed regions. Films from low molecular weight polymer fractions cracked less in solvents, but higher radiation doses were required to offset the reduced sensitivity. This resulted in the formation of intractable residues in the exposed regions which appear to be crosslinked polymer. Terpolymerization with ..cap alpha..-olefins such as butene-1 and cis-2-butene plasticized these films and reduced their tendency to crack in solvents. Poly(cyclopentene sulfone-co-butene-1 sulfone) films were found to have the best properties, and 1.25-..mu.. resist images could be etched in SiO/sub 2/ layers at an exposure dose of 4 x 10/sup -6/ C/cm/sup 2/ at 25 KV. However, one important limitation of this terpolymer was the low dissolution rate ratio between the exposed and unexposed regions. PBCHS block terpolymers containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA) were synthesized to improve the solubility in solvents and to incorporate the properties ofmore » methacrylates. PBCHS-MMA films cracked in solvents after irradiation; PBCHS-MAA polymers were too insoluble to form resist films.« less
Hematomas - to drain or not to drain, the interventionalist's dilemma

Purpose Determine outcomes associated with the percutaneous drainage of hematomas. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the last 50 drainages performed at this institution that had the appearance of bland blood products at drainage. 26 males and 24 females were included in the study with an age range of 14-90 and an average catheter placement time of 35 days. Evaluation of length of catheter drainage, need for reintervention, and outcomes were assessed. Results Of the 50 drainages in which fluid had the appearance of bland blood products expressed at drainage in the period between 8/2010- 2/2012, 41 had catheters placed. 9 were drained without catheter placement. Of the 9 in which a catheter was not placed, 0 had a positive culture. Of the 41 in which catheters were placed, 31 had positive cultures at analysis. 10 had negative cultures. Of the nine in which catheter placement was not performed 3 had minimal fluid aspirated, in 2 the clinician specifically requested no drain be placed, 1 was a liver lesion in which it was elected not to place a drain, and 3 were tiny collections in which the clinical services were requesting aspiration for culture only. All 50 were successfully drained by SIR criteria for diagnosis, with 46 patients resolving the clinical episode that precipitated drainage. Of these patients there were no serious complications associated with catheter placement, although 3 ultimately developed fistulas to bowel, pancreas, and biliary system, and the one death prior to catheter removal was related to multiorgan failure in a liver transplant patient perioperatively. Conclusion Hematoma drainage attempt may be warranted in most cases, given the very high association of bland appearing hematoma with positive culture (62%), and the frequency in which drainage was possible despite the collections appearing to contain only blood products(86%). In cases in which minimal fluid is returned from a collection that appears large enough to drain it may be appropriate to avoid catheter placement, as these collections may have a lower likelihood of infection.
The concept of wage-push inflation: development and policy

Concepts of wage-push inflation and wage–price spirals arose after unions became important economic actors in the 1930s and during World War II. These concepts, although never rigorously defined, became the basis of the Kennedy–Johnson guideposts program. Even after the guideposts collapsed, there were attempts to constrain wage-push directly under Nixon and Carter. Thereafter, when union membership collapsed, concerns about wage-push by aggressive unions became implausible in the USA.
A novel system for mammary epithelial cell culture

A method is described for the isolation and density gradient enrichment of mammary epithelial fragments from pregnant, nonlactating bovine tissue. Immunocytochemical analysis prior to and following culture revealed specific staining with antibodies to keratin, indicating that these cells are epithelial in nature. Fragments enriched for epithelium could be stored in liquid nitrogen for extended periods prior to culture. When cast within a three-dimensional matrix of collagen gel, the mammary fragments grew as branching, duct-like structures and displayed a 4-fold increase in cell number during 10 to 12 d of culture.
Qualitative Methods: The View From the Subfields

Qualitative methods are currently undergoing a renaissance in political science, with a rich new literature developing and disseminating them and greatly increased attention to preparing scholars i...
Recent progress and status in STN and TFT LCDs

We have summarized some of the most important progress and status in STN and TFT/LCDs since 1995. This progress includes the introduction of large SVGA and XGA color STN panels; fast (4 msec) STN; in-plane-switching wide viewing angle color XGA TFT panels; introduction of large SVGA and XGA color TFT panels; the introduction of small-size high- resolution TFT panels; and the realization of fast inspection method for production line LC alignment inspection. Current investment status and production capability are also summarized.
Power imbalance and the pattern of exchange in dyadic negotiation

We investigate how a key structural aspect of negotiation—power—combines with aspiration level to affect the interaction pattern of negotiators. Conflicting research findings have revealed that in most cases negotiators with anequal balance of power reach agreements of higher joint gain than negotiators with an unequal power balance, but in some instances the opposite result has been found. We suggest that it is important to consider the interaction between the negotiators to explain these varying findings. We propose that when unequal power negotiators are able to reach agreements of high joint gain it is due to the efforts of the low power party. In addition, we argue that the low power player will be most likely to drive the search for a solution of high joint gain when he or she also has high aspirations. We tested these proposals in a market negotiation with integrative potential. To examine the pattern of negotiation, all offers and counter-offers were written. The results indicated that overall, equal power dyads achieved higher joint outcomes than unequal power dyads. Under unequal power, the hypothesis that higher joint outcomes would be obtained when the low power player had high aspirations received partial support. In addition, support was found for the hypothesis that in unequal power dyads low power players would be responsible for driving solutions of higher joint gain.
Authenticity techniques for PACS images and records

Along with the digital radiology environment supported by picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) comes a new problem: How to establish trust in multimedia medical data that exist only in the easily altered memory of a computer. Trust is characterized in terms of integrity and privacy of digital data. Two major self-enforcing techniques can be used to assure the authenticity of electronic images and text -- key-based cryptography and digital time stamping. Key-based cryptography associates the content of an image with the originator using one or two distinct keys and prevents alteration of the document by anyone other than the originator. A digital time stamping algorithm generates a characteristic `digital fingerprint' for the original document using a mathematical hash function, and checks that it has not been modified. This paper discusses these cryptographic algorithms and their appropriateness for a PACS environment. It also presents experimental results of cryptographic algorithms on several imaging modalities.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Traditionally, minimally invasive techniques for surgical discectomy have been defined as smaller incisions, tubular retractors, microscopically assisted tissue dissection, and conservative removal of only extruded or sequestered nucleus pulposus with preservation of the annulus. The first truly minimally invasive technique was chymopapain dissolution of the nucleus pulposus. Other percutaneous techniques followed; however, none were as efficacious as the gold standard of microlumbar discectomy until endoscopically visualized methods evolved to allow visualized mechanical discectomy through the foramen. In experienced hands, such a technique is as effective as microlumbar discectomy and results in less surgical morbidity for herniations that are appropriate for this minimally invasive endoscopic surgical portal that completely avoids traumatizing the normal anatomy of the dorsal musculature and ligamentous structures.
Comment on “a simple model for the 1/f-type power spectrum” by M. Agu

Abstract A gaussian distribution of S, where 1/D0S is a relaxation time, does not yield the 1/f spectrum.
The microwave spectrum and structure of the furan · sulfur dioxide complex

The microwave spectrum of furan - sulfur dioxide complex has heen observed with a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Transitions having a-, b-, and cdipole selection rules were all seen. The rotational constants of the normal isotopic species are A = 3190.7285( 1 I), B = I1 19.3596(2), and C = 1015.6841(2) MHz. In addition, the rotational spectra of the C&O 1 34S02, C4H40 * S ‘*O* , C,D,O * SO,, and two different C&O - SO ‘*O isotopic species were assigned. Stark effect measurements gave dipole moment components of or, = 1.79( 1) D, pb = OSO(2) D, II~ = 0.73(l) D, and G.,~ = 1.99( 2) D. The moment of inertia data show that the two monomers are separated by 3.43( 1) A (R,,), with the SOr lying above the furan plane. The two C2 axes of the monomer units are skewed by about 65” and the plane of the SO2 is tipped considerably from parallel to the furan plane, with the sulfur atom closest to the furan. While one oxygen in SO2 lies approximately above the oxygen of the furan. the other is located closer to a ,&carbon of the furan. Splittings of the e-dipole tmnsitions for various isotopes suggest a tunneling motion between two equivalent forms ofthe complex. 0 1992 Academic
Understanding consumer usage of product magnitudes through sorting tasks

Magnitudes describing product attributes are basic elements used in decision making. Although several researchers have emphasized the need to understand how consumers categorize product attributes, empirical research on this issue is rare. As a first step in developing and evaluating methodologies to examine this issue, a sorting task methodology is introduced to study this problem. Hypotheses were generated to address important theoretical issues relating to how consumers use magnitudes describing product attributes and tested in two studies. The results suggest that the number of magnitudes used by consumers to think about product attributes (i) is higher for abstract when compared to concrete attributes, and (ii) is positively related to the number of magnitudes used in an overall evaluation of liking. Results also provided evidence to support the use of the sorting method. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Delusions and delusional thinking in psychotics: A review of the literature

Abstract Delusional thinking in psychotics is discussed in terms of definition, classification, and relevance to diagnosis. Theoretical explanations of delusions are then reviewed. While many explanations and theories on delusional thinking exist, some merely restate in different terms the same relationships, and most do not enjoy empirical support. It is concluded that existing theories, can be usefully organized into two main themes: motivational and defect. The motivational theme assumes that the individual develops the delusion either to explain unusual perceptual experiences or to reduce uncomfortable psychic states (e.g., unfullfilled need). The defect theme argues that delusional thinking results from some fundamental cognitive-attentional deficit. Future empirical work ought to pursue specific models which address some important distinctions among delusion types.
Neoliberalism and stories of racial redemption

Two contradicting ideas dominate political discussions of race in the United States. In the first, Americans of all political stripes glory in the idea that the country's race relations have improved, largely due to changes collectively labeled as ‘the civil rights movement.’ Yet when Americans move their gaze to broader issues—often presumed to be beyond “race”—of economics, public education, and civic life, they embrace a second, and seemingly opposed narrative of decline. There, social scientists have wedded this image of social decay into ideas of neoliberalism, which they take to be the state's steady disinvestment in public goods like education, healthcare, affordable housing and transportation. Though the rise of civil rights and neoliberalism have overlapped historically, social scientists have shown determined reluctance to make any connection between the two; and further, few have been willing to see the two processes as interwoven and collaborating in the production of the contemporary political economic landscape. This essay argues that academic neoliberal discourse has unwittingly functioned to relieve civil rights institutions of any responsibility for current racial conditions in the US by taking critical attention away from how federal agencies and local politicians have implemented racial reforms. In the current scenario, neoliberalism is to blame for undermining or retrenching the nation's commitment to racial equality, and civil rights victories are the victim. Ethnographic and historical material on race relations in Fayetteville NC, USA, is presented to argue instead that the relationship between the two turns out to be much more complex.
Brain (Na+, K+)-ATPase and noradrenergic activity: effects of hyperinnervation and denervation on high-affinity ouabain binding.

: To examine the role of nerve-specific (Na+, K+)-ATPase in chronic changes in noradrenergic activity, we examined the effects of noradrenergic denervation and hyperinnervation on p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity and on total and nerve-specific ouabain binding. High-affinity and erythrosin B-sensitive binding were compared as measurements of nerve-specific binding. Hyperinnervation and denervation was produced in cerebellum and cerebral cortex, respectively, by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Hyperinnervation increased, and denervation decreased, enzyme activity, high-affinity ouabain inhibition, and erythrosin B-sensitive ouabain binding. As (Nat+, K+)-ATPase has a major role in the regulation of neural excitability and energy metabolism, and the ouabain binding site has been shown to have endogenous ligands, these changes in (Na+, K+)-ATPase may be important in the long-term regulation of neuron function by norepinephrine.
Early cognitive skills as prerequisites to augmentative and alternative communication use: What are we waiting for?

The observation of correlations between cognitive abilities and language and communication abilities in normally developing children has led to the assumption that there are specific cognitive prerequisites to the development of symbolic communication. For many individuals with severe disabilities, this focus has led to a clinical decision to teach these prerequisite skills or to wait for them to emerge before providing communication programs either for teaching speech or for introducing augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) techniques. In this paper, literature regarding cognitive prerequisites to communication development for nondisabled children and for individuals with disabilities is reviewed. Issues related to providing communication teaching programs are discussed, and specific intervention strategies are presented.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF CYBERNETICS TO THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

The interest of the pioneers of cybernetics in psychopathology is illustrated. Examples are given of the application of cybernetics to psychopathology, from Wiener onwards. It is argued that cybernetics raises the possibility of a laboratory science of psychopathology. The computer modelling of psychopathological processes is examined, as is the relevance of channel capacity. Some cybernetic approaches to psychosis are reviewed. It is argued that cybernetics provides potential alternative diagnostic methods, based not on static diagnostic entities but on process, and suggests science‐based treatment possibilities.
Evaluating recommender behavior for new users

The new user experience is one of the important problems in recommender systems. Past work on recommending for new users has focused on the process of gathering information from the user. Our work focuses on how different algorithms behave for new users. We describe a methodology that we use to compare representatives of three common families of algorithms along eleven different metrics. We find that for the first few ratings a baseline algorithm performs better than three common collaborative filtering algorithms. Once we have a few ratings, we find that Funk's SVD algorithm has the best overall performance. We also find that ItemItem, a very commonly deployed algorithm, performs very poorly for new users. Our results can inform the design of interfaces and algorithms for new users.
Increased CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in peripheral blood of celiac disease patients: Correlation with dietary treatment

Regulatory CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+ T cells are involved in the regulation of immune response and inhibit protective antitumor immunity. Celiac disease (CD), a food gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is considered a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease and is generally associated with an overall increased risk of cancer in CD patients. We observed a higher percentage of circulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and an increased Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ T cells from untreated than from treated CD patients. In co-culture, CD4+CD25+ T cells from both treated and untreated CD patients significantly suppressed the proliferation of autologous CD4+CD25(-) T cells similarly to values in healthy subjects. Our study suggests that Treg proportion and Foxp3 expression in circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells could justify the increased global risk of malignancy in CD population and support the efficacy of lifelong gluten-free diet in the reduction of the cancer risk.
Corticosteroid-induced neuropsychiatric disorders: review and contrast with neuropsychiatric lupus.

The aim of this review is to analyze the available literature regarding the neuropsychiatric (NP) disturbances associated with corticosteroid (CS) therapy; to determine the nature, severity, and frequency of these NP symptoms; and to identify the various risk factors involved in the development of CS-induced NP disturbances. We searched the available literature since the advent of corticosteroid therapy (1950) utilizing the PubMed database (www.pubmed.gov). Primary articles were identified, and they and their pertinent references were reviewed. Due to potential confusion between NP manifestations of CS therapy and central nervous system (CNS) involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a condition often treated with CS, a brief review of NP manifestations of SLE was also performed. The presentation of CS-induced neuropsychiatric disorders (CIPD) can be quite varied with depression, hypomania, and overt psychosis being the most common manifestations. CIPD can also include bipolar affective changes, delirium, panic attacks, agoraphobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, fatigue, catatonia, reversible dementia-like cognitive changes, impaired memory, and concentration. No factors have been identified that allow for the accurate prediction of development of CIPD. A dose-dependent relationship (increased risk when the daily prednisone-equivalent dose is ≥40 mg) has been observed in most cases of CIPD, although there have been case reports with lower doses, alternate-day therapy, and even inhaled CS. Women are more commonly affected with most symptoms occurring in the first 6 weeks of starting treatment. SLE has been the only specific illness that has been linked to a greater risk of CIPD and the NP manifestations of SLE may mimic those of CIPD, with most occurring in the first year of diagnosis. Antiribosomal P, antineuronal, or antiphospholipid antibodies are frequently seen in patients with SLE developing CIPD. Imaging and EEG abnormalities, the coexistence of non-CNS manifestations of SLE, and the presence of serious disturbances in memory and concentration are more suggestive of NP–SLE than CIPD. Although NP symptoms associated with the use of CS generally resolve with discontinuation of the medication, prophylaxis with lithium, and treatment with antidepressants, anticonvulsants and electroconvulsive therapy for severe mania and depression have been reported with successful outcomes. A greater understanding of the underlying mechanism of CIPD, risk factors involved, treatment options, and the distinguishing features from NP–SLE will ultimately lead to more directed therapy for such patients.
The Absence of Language Policy and its Effects on the Education of Mexican Migrant Children

Abstract Language is a change agent that can contribute to, or limit a migrant student's acculturation into a different sociocultural context. In schools, language policies for second language learners prescribe the types of education minority children receive and their levels of achievement; they are informative of the students' self perceptions, they can either impede or promote children's social acceptance within, and acculturation to the educational community; and they can organize opportunities for students to acculturate to the cultural constructs and the social norms of their adopted community. The major question asked was, how does a school's language policy function to separate and how does it work to integrate majority and minority cultural groups? Semi-structured interviews (N = 54) included 33 teachers and six administrators. In part, the data revealed that the school's language policy was not a useful resource the students could employ to access the sociocultural constructs of the school, to ...
Morphometric Data for Cattle from North America and the Caribbean Prior to the 1850s

Abstract An important aspect of early colonies was the adaptive response of domestic animals to new environments. This is reflected in zooarchaeological studies of cattle (Bos taurus). Cattle bones from Caribbean Hispanic sites are quite large in comparison to those from North American locations, while in North America, cattle bones from early Spanish sites are larger relative to those from later English/American colonies. Factors which may have contributed to this morphometric pattern include the breeds, origins and post-mediaeval size of cattle transported to Caribbean and North American colonies; colonial husbandry strategies; and responses to environmental stimuli.
The Dynamics of an Elastic Membrane Using the Impulse Method

A validation study of the impulse method applied to the motion of a closed elastic membrane under tension separating two incompressible, inviscid fluids in two dimensions is presented. The approach consists of a nonlinear analysis based on a small-amplitude perturbation of an exact solution. The equations of motion for the Fourier coefficients of the solution are developed to two orders beyond the leading-order problem. The nonlinear terms in the equations depict the coupling of the Fourier modes and account for the temporal variation of the tension. The last order of the expansion is used to compute frequency corrections to the driving modes. Solutions for various problems are found and compared with a numerical method based on impulse variables. The results show that the numerical periods and amplitudes of the oscillations approach the values predicted by the perturbation analysis as the numerical smoothing parameter is reduced. This validates the use of impulse methods for free-boundary motion with surface forces.
Status epilepticus induced by star fruit intoxication in patients with chronic renal disease

Star fruit has been reported as containing neurotoxins that often cause severe neurological complications in patients with chronic renal disease. We report two patients with chronic renal failure at a pre-dialyzed stage who developed refractory status epilepticus after ingestion of star fruit. In addition, we review 51 cases in the literature. Among 53 patients, 16 patients presented with epileptic seizures (30%). The mortality rate was as high as 75% in patients with seizures. On the other hand, in patients without seizures, the mortality rate was only 0.03%. There is a poor correlation with the degree of underlying renal function and mortality due to intoxication. We propose that epileptic seizure is significantly associated with poor prognosis, and that status epilepticus is an unpredictable and potentially fatal complication in star fruit intoxication. We advise consultant neurologists that star fruit intoxication must be considered when patients with chronic renal disease present with seizures or other unexplained neurological or psychiatric symptoms. Since no effective treatment has been established, star fruit consumption should be avoided in patients with chronic renal disease, especially in the elderly.
Chromosome analysis of nine osteosarcomas.

Although recurrent chromosome abnormalities have been identified in several histologic subtypes of sarcomas, no consistent rearrangement has yet been found in osteosarcomas. Cytogenetic analyses of nine cases of osteosarcoma are reported, including seven newly diagnosed tumors and two recurrent tumors. There were seven high-grade osteosarcomas, one periosteal osteosarcoma, and one well-differentiated sarcoma. All tumors were studied in short-term primary culture. Modal number ranged from near diploid to near triploid. Seven tumors had complex karyotypes with multiple structural abnormalities; two had only normal karyotypes. The retinoblastoma gene on chromosome 13 and the TP53 gene on chromosome 17 have been involved in osteosarcoma. Five tumors had loss of a whole copy of chromosome 13, and three of these also had a loss of a whole copy of chromosome 17. However, these losses were observed in the setting of numerous other chromosome loses. Numerous structural abnormalities were observed, many involving additions of unidentified material, unbalanced translocations, or deletions. Structural abnormalities with similar breakpoints involving 6q, 8q, 9q, and 14p were seen in two or three tumors each. When the tumors in this series were added to the 18 published cases, the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 3, and 14, and segments 6q 15-21, 8q24, 9q34, 12p 13, 17p 13, and 19q 13, were found to be involved in five or more structural rearrangements. Molecular analyses of these chromosome regions may yield genes important in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Genes Chrom Cancer 9:88-92 (1994).© 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Issues in development of a clinical database on Alzheimer's disease

The diagnosis and assessment of Alzheimer's disease is rapidly becoming a major focus of study within the aging population. The increasing proportion of older adults in the United States and the lack of knowledge concerning the causes of Alzheimer's disease have contributed to this increased need for further study. This paper describes a pilot project aimed at regional databases on Alzheimer's disease. The project description also is intended to illustrate the use of a structured systems approach to the system development process.
Examining racial and ethnic minority differences among YMSM during recruitment for an online HIV prevention intervention study.

HIV disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority young men who have sex with men (YMSM). HIV prevention research does not include these YMSM commensurate to their HIV burden. We examined racial and ethnic differences during a unique three-step recruitment process for an online, YMSM HIV prevention intervention study (N = 660). Step one was completed in-person; steps two and three online. Fewer Black and Latino YMSM completed step two–initiating online participation–than White YMSM. Internet use frequency accounted for the Latino versus White difference in initiating online participation, but not the Black versus White difference. Future online HIV prevention interventions recruiting diverse YMSM should focus on initiating online engagement among Black participants.
Motor effects of calcitonin administered intracerebroventricularly in the rat

In rats treated with salmon calcitonin (CT) administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 85 or 8.5 pmol), spasmodic body movements, hopping and tail jerks, collectively termed dyskinesia, appeared within 1 h of administration and persisted for at least 24 h. In addition, spontaneous grooming, rearing and locomotion occurred less often in CT-treated rats than in vehicle-injected animals, while the incidence of both sniffing and nose poking remained essentially unchanged. The CT failed to displace either [3H]dopamine or [3H]spiperone from striatal membranes, and the behavioral effects were not blocked by haloperidol or SCH 23390, suggesting that the peptide did not directly affect dopamine receptors. The dyskinesia was not blocked by scopolamine, atropine, muscimol, diazepam or ketanserin. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a compound with recognition characteristics similar to those of salmon CT may function as a neurotransmitter-modulator in the central nervous system.
MediaView: a general multimedia digital publication system

MediaView is a multimedia digital publication system that was designed to be flexible and free from restrictions. It was also designed to take maximum advantage of the media-rich hardware and software capabilities of the NeXT [5] computer, especially the features of the NeXTdimension [17] subsystem. Rather than emphasize the work that is almost always paired with multimedia, presentation, MediaView emphasizes communication. The system does not tacitly impose the “publisher's” agenda on the reader, but structure and sequencing can be overlaid if appropriate. The result is a very general system—free of artificial structure and inconvenient metaphors.
Compact PIN-amplifier module for gigabit rates optical interconnection

The extremely compact PIN-amplifier module (6mm X 6mm X 8. 23mm) consisting of an InGaAs photodiode and a GaAs preamplifier IC has been developed. The ceramic sub-carrier having a GaAs IC on the top and a photodiode on the side was hermetically sealed into a kovar package which is provided a glass window. The characteristics of this module the combination of a transimpedance amplifier IC (1. Ok2 load) and a photodiode with lOOpm6 photosensitive area demonstrated the bandwidth of 770MHz and the sensitivity of - 29. 3dBm (at 622Mbps) and -27. 6dBm (at 1. 0625Gbps).
Reduced Albumin Dosing During Large-Volume Paracentesis Is Not Associated with Adverse Clinical Outcomes

LVP is used to manage diuretic-resistant ascites in cirrhotic patients. Albumin administration prevents complications including acute kidney injury and paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction, but the optimal dose is unclear. We sought to assess adherence to guidelines enacted in July 2011 at our center for reducing the albumin dose administered at large-volume paracentesis (LVP) and evaluate the cost and rate of complications of LVPs before and after guideline enactment. All LVPs performed on cirrhotic patients in our center’s Department of Radiology between July 2009 and January 2014 were studied. Outcomes included adherence to guidelines, LVP complications, and administered albumin cost. Groups were compared using Student’s t tests for continuous data and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical data. A repeated measurements model accounted for patients with multiple LVPs. Of the 935 LVPs, 288 occurred before guideline implementation (group 1) and 647 occurred after (group 2). The mean dose of albumin administered was 13.7 g/L of ascites removed in group 1 versus 10.3 g/L in group 2 (p < 0.0001). Of the group 2 LVPs, 235 (36.3 %) adhered to guidelines. There were no significant differences in LVP complications. Guidelines were followed in one-third of LVPs. Despite this limited adherence, a reduction in albumin administration and associated cost savings was still observed. There was no increase in LVP-related complications after guideline implementation or in the adherent group, suggesting that albumin dose can be safely reduced. Future efforts should be directed at enhancing guideline adherence and potentially further reducing albumin dosing.
TH-D-304A-03: Applications of Two Dimensional MR Spectroscopy in Breast Cancer Detection

Purpose:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) allows noninvasive measurements of the concentrations of different metabolites in human breast in vivo. Two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY) of breast tissues showed that in addition to Choline, several other metabolite ratios are different between malignant tumor and healthy tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Choline/Noise ratio (CNR) and other metabolite ratios from 2D COSY of breast tissues to detect breast cancer.Method and Materials: A total of 31 women participated in this study, including 13 healthy women, 9 subjects with malignant tumors, 9 women with benign tumors. Each 2D spectrum was acquired from malignant tumor, benign tumor, healthy fatty tissue or healthy glandular tissue. The size of each volume of interest was 1×1×1cm3, the total scan time was 12 minutes. All 2D MRS data files were processed using Felix2000 software package. Each 2D spectrum contains : Water (4.8, 4.8)ppm, Fat (1.4, 1.4)ppm ; Methyl Fat (0.9, 0.9) ppm ; Olefinic Fat (5.4, 5.4)ppm; Choline (3.3, 3.3)ppm; UFR(2.1, 5.4)ppm ; UFL (2.9, 5.4) ppm; TGFR (4.3, 5.3)ppm. CNR, 9 diagonal and 9 cross peak metabolite ratios were calculated for each spectrum. CNR and two statistical analysis methods (Fisher's linear discriminate, Classification and regression tree) were used to distinguish between malignant tumors from other breast tissues.Results: The CNR and 9 metabolite ratios are significantly different (p<=0.05) between malignant tissue and other breast tissues. Using both statistical analysis methods can get better detection accuracy than using only CNR. Conclusion: 2D MR spectroscopy can identify the major metabolites in human breast in vivo. CNR and different metabolite ratios can be used as biomarkers to distinguish between malignant tumors from other breast tissues. This method needs to be evaluated using a large cohort of patients.
Erv2 and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases: Erv-domain enzymes associated with the secretory pathway.

Abstract Significance: Members of the Erv/ALR/QSOX protein family contain an Erv sequence module and catalyze protein disulfide bond formation. Erv enzymes impact protein function within and outside cells that affects both normal and malignant cell growth. This protein family is named for its founding members: Erv1 (essential for respiratory and vegetative growth 1) and ALR (augmenter of liver regeneration), homologous mitochondrial proteins from yeast and mammals, respectively, and QSOX (quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase), an oxidase secreted from quiescent cells. This review will focus on a subset of Erv proteins that are localized within the secretory pathway: Erv2-like proteins, proteins present in the endoplasmic reticulum of fungi, and QSOX proteins, proteins localized within the secretory pathway and extracellular space and present in most eukaryotes, but not fungi. Recent Advances: A wealth of structural and biochemical data has been obtained for Erv2 and QSOX proteins. These data have identified a gene...
Series of Free Random Variables

We show that the three series theorem of classical probability holds for free random variables as well. Sufficiency of the three series condition was known under more general circumstances, so only necessity is at issue.
Microstructure of high-energy O and Cu ion-implanted silica glasses

The microstructure of silica glasses which have been implanted with 1.0 MeV O and 1.8 MeV Cu ions and subsequently annealed at 1000°C are examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that a high density of single crystal nanoparticles are formed in a buried layer around 0.8–1.7 μm in depth. In the case of the Cu-implanted sample, only single crystal Cu nanoparticles are observed. When the ratio of the implanted O to Cu ion is 0.5:1, single crystalline nanoparticles of Cu2O are observed at a deeper part of the buried layer, associated with the projected range of the implanted O ions. As the O ion dose increases up to a ratio of O to Cu like 1:1, single crystals of CuO are formed in the buried layer. The depth profile of Cu and the size distribution of the nanoparticles are affected by the O ion-implantation.
Emanating Political Participation: Untangling the Spatial Structure Behind Participation

This is an analysis of the spatial structure of political participation in the United States using spatial econometric techniques and newly available geo-coded data. The results provide strong evidence that political participation is geographically clustered, and that this clustering cannot be explained entirely by social network involvement, individual-level characteristics, such as race, income, education, cognitive forms of political engagement, or by aggregate-level factors such as racial diversity, income inequality, mobilization or mean education level. The analysis suggests that the spatial structure of participation is consistent with a diffusion process that occurs independently from citizens' involvement in social networks.
Admission volume determines outcome for patients with acute pancreatitis.

Background & Aims There is controversy over the optimal management strategy for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Studies have shown a hospital volume benefit for in-hospital mortality after surgery, and we examined whether a similar mortality benefit exists for patients admitted with AP. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, discharge records for all adult admissions with a primary diagnosis of AP (n = 416,489) from 1998 to 2006 were examined. Hospitals were categorized based on number of patients with AP; the highest third were defined as high volume (HV, ≥118 cases/year) and the lower two thirds as low volume (LV, Results In-hospital mortality for patients with AP was 1.6%. Hospital admissions for AP increased over the study period ( P P Conclusions The rates of admissions for AP in the United States are increasing. At hospitals that admit the most patients with AP, patients had a shorter length of stay, lower hospital charges, and lower mortality rates than controls in this matched analysis.
ALGA- AND LICHEN-STABILIZED SURFACE CRUSTS AS SOIL NITROGEN SOURCES

ALGAE AND LICHENS contribute significantly to soil formation in a variety of ecological habitats. Algae have been investigated from the standpoint of nitrogen nutrition in desert (Fogg, 1947) and semidesert soils (Robbins, 1912; F'letcher and Martin, 1948), as a source of oxygen (Harrison and Aiyer, 1913) and nitrogen (Watanabe et al., 1951) in rice fields, and with respect to their possible value as pioneer vegetation in volcanic deposits (Treub, 1888). Soil algae are also recognized as an important agency in stabilizing surface crust in areas denuded of macro-vegetation by drought (Piercy, 1917; Drouet, 1937) or erosion (Elwell et al., 1939; Osborn, 1950) and in improving water infiltration (Booth, 1941). The present study investigates (a) the seasonal incidence of algal species in algaand lichen-stabilized soil crusts from several semi-arid habitats and (b) the amino nitrogen and combined nitrite and nitrate of these surface strata compared to subsurface levels. Observations are based mainly on soil samples collected from the Tularosa Basin in Lincoln and Otero Counties, southcentral New Mexico, from two strikingly contrasting xeric habitats. One, the Alamogordo White Sands (fig. 1), a deposit of drifting, 97 per cent gypsum, lies in the lowest part of the basin, covering an area approximately 28 miles long and 8 to 10 miles wide to a depth of 1000 ft. (Potter, 1938). The other, a recent lava flow, the Carrizozo "malpais" (fig. 2), extends northward along the main axis of the basin, filling a narrow valley 1/2 to 5 miles wide and 44 miles long to a depth of around 70 ft. toward the center and 10 to 20 ft. along the margins. In addition, samples were collected from that part of the Tularosa Basin immediately surrounding the gypsum sand deposit and the lava flow. This section of the basin floor varies from semidesert, alkaline plain adjacent to the gypsum deposit to typical overgrazed range land adjoining the lava flow on either side. Average annual precipitation in the Tularosa Basin, ranging from approximately 8 in. in the White Sands to 11 in. at the northern tip of the lava flow, is correlated mainly with altitude. The depth of the water table varies from 2 to 3 ft. in the gypsum flats to well over a hundred feet in parts of the surrounding basin floor. METHOD.-Soil crust and subsurface samples were collected in the dried condition from widely separated sections of the gypsum sand, the lava flow, and the surrounding basin floor. In the field,
Room temperature formation of microcavity polaritons in ZnO nanoparticles

We demonstrate the formation of microcavity polaritons at room temperature in a dielectric microcavity embedded with ZnO nanoparticles. Stoke shift of polariton emission is shown to be dependent on the excitonic content of the polaritons.
Threat Perception and the Psychology of Constructivism

Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism. By David L. Rousseau, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006. 296 pp., $55.00 (ISBN: 0-80475415-2). David Rousseau has accomplished a feat of grand proportions in his book, Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism . In eight succinct chapters and just under 300 pages, Rousseau presents a model of identity formation that explains threat perception and employs experimentation, simulation, and case study approaches to test the model. The effort is more ambitious than the book's title implies. Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities is a clear and definitive statement of a social psychological theory of international relations that is worthy of treatment alongside the works of Kenneth Waltz, Robert Keohane, and Alexander Wendt. Even though it has many limits and leaves a number of questions unanswered, this book is an important theoretical and empirical work for international relations theorists and security scholars alike. In Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities , Rousseau addresses four sets of questions: (1) how do individuals define members of the “ingroup,” and how do they treat “outgroups”; (2) how do individuals construct beliefs and opinions; (3) how do ideas spread throughout a population, and when do they become hegemonic; and (4) how do societies differ in the construction of threats? Rousseau reviews the threat perception literature from realist, liberal, and constructivist standpoints (Chapters 2 and 3). He then introduces a “construction of threat model” aimed at answering the four sets of questions and demonstrating when realist and liberal predictions are correct. Rousseau's model is premised on psychological insights regarding ingroup-outgroup dynamics, which suggest that threat perception is a function of whether the other is seen as similar to you or different. Rousseau hypothesizes that the construction of “self” and “other” is based on prior values and beliefs, but that such constructs are subject to manipulation. He hypothesizes that identities are changed through social interaction. He offers three …