cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A computer science curriculum for a two year upper division university

Florida International University is a two year upper division University in the State University System of Florida.The Mathematical Sciences Department is located within the College of Arts and Sciences, and offers three undergraduate major programs: mathematics, computer science, and statistics.The computing facilities available are quite good. The computer center operates a UNIVAC 1106 with an adequate array of peripherals, terminals, and memory. In addition, the department owns a NOVA 2/10 mini-computer and an IMLAC PDS-4 intelligent graphics system.
Comparison of transmission rates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a cohort of prostitutes in senegal

To explore the biological similarities and differences between the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses, we model the probability of male-to-female transmission of either HIV virus as a function of the number of sexual partners, the prevalence of the viruses and the infectivity per contact. Using maximum likelihood estimation theory and data from a prospective study of registered female prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal, we estimate and compare the infectivities of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Graphical goodness-of-fit methods are used to show that our model fits the data well. We find that in male-to-female transmission HIV-1 is significantly more infectious than HIV-2. This finding is consistent with other data from laboratory and epidemiologic studies comparing the biology of HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Actinomycosis of the colon: report of two cases.

Two cases of actinomycosis of the large bowel, one involving the cecum and the other the sigmoid colon, are presented, along with a review of the subject. The first patient recovered completely following a right hemicolectomy and high doses of penicillin postoperatively. The second patient had perforation of a sigmoid lesion to the lateral abdominal wall. Sigmoid resection and colostomy with wide drainage were performed. The patient diet on the second postoperative day of a cerebrovascular accident.
Expert novice similarities and instruction using analogies

Evidence is presented indicating that spontaneously generated analogies can play a significant role in expert problem solving. Since not all analogies are valid, it is important for the subject to have a way to evaluate their validity. In particular, this paper focuses on an evaluation strategy called bridging that has been observed in solutions to both science and mathematics problems. Spontaneous analogies have also been documented in the problem solving of students. The shared natural use of analogies for unfamiliar problems is an expert‐novice similarity. Some of the strategies observed in experts were incorporated in a teaching technique for dealing with students’ preconceptions in mechanics. Students taught via these units achieved large gain differences over control groups. Thus non‐deductive reasoning strategies used by experts can give us valuable clues concerning instructional strategies for science students. This complements the prior focus in the literature on expert novice differences with a ...
Interference estimate around Canberra DSN station at 2.04 GHz during Huygens release phase

During the descent phase of the Huygens Probe released from the Cassini spacecraft and inserted at Titan, the Deep Space Network (DSN) Canberra Deep Space Station (DSS) 43 (with its 70-m antenna) is being considered as a backup station to directly receive the Huygens Probe data being transmitted at 2.04 GHz. This study provides an assessment on the interference level from the major nearby transmitters operating in this frequency band. The minimum trans-horizon attenuations are calculated using terrain topographic data and the Trans-Horizon Interference Propagation Loss (THIPL) Computing Program recently developed based on ITU-R P.452, and the calculations take into account all propagation modes under a 0.1% of time exceeded. We find that there are five terrestrial transmitters within 100 km of DSS 43. Transmitter 1 is the closest to DSS 43, and needs to be coordinated to avoid interference. The rest of the four transmitters will not interfere with DSS 43. The interference levels from these transmitters are all below the DSN protection criteria of 99.9% of time
An investigation of the effectiveness of indirect retainers

A mandibular bilateral distal-extension base removable partial denture was lifted from a model under standardized conditions. The amount of denture base displacement under various loads and the forces of removal were measured electronically. The framework was constructed to allow repeated changes in the type of clasp, location of indirect retainer, and position of the rest seat on the terminal abutment tooth. The usefulness of an indirect retainer in preventing occlusal displacement of the denture base appears to be limited. The type of clasp had the greatest influence on the amount of denture base movement. Proximal surface guiding planes were also found to be important in preventing lifting of the denture base. Use of mesial instead of distal rests on the terminal abutment teeth did not decrease indirect retention.
Impulsively started turbulent jets

The structure and mixing of impulsively started jets have heen studied in a water tank utilizing an acid-base reaction. The flow consists of a starting vortex that separates from the rest of the jet in the near field. Penetration of the jet tip scales with the square root of time, normalized by the nozzle diameter and velocity. The celerity of the jet tip is approximately one-half of the centerline velocity of a steady jet, with the same nozzle exit velocity, at the same location. Results of chemically reactive experiments indicate that the fluid in the vicinity of the jet tip mixes with the ambient fluid faster than the rest of the jet. The extent of the region near the jet tip with improved mixing becomes larger as the jet travels further downstream. The more rapid mass mixing at the jet tip implies faster momentum diffusion, which corroborates the slowing down of the jet tip in comparison with the steady jet.
Recognizing thyrotoxicosis in a patient with bipolar mania: a case report.

Background A thyroid stimulating hormone level is commonly measured in patients presenting with symptoms of mania in order to rule out an underlying general medical condition such as hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis. Indeed, many cases have been reported in which a patient is initially treated for bipolar mania, but is later found to have a thyroid condition. Several case reports have noted the development of a thyroid condition in bipolar patients either on lithium maintenance treatment or recently on lithium treatment.
Drug-induced inhibition of proteoglycanase activity in the hulth–telhag model

Evidence has accumulated that there are increased degradative enzymes in osteoarthritis responsible for joint destruction. These enzymes are metal-dependent, and inhibited by EDTA. EDTA was administered intraarticularly to rabbits in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. There was a 25% reduction in neutral proteoglycanase activity and 75% of the animals had a reduction in the severity of the arthritis as measured on a histologic-histochemical grading system. It is suggested that future chemotherapeutic studies on arthritis might focus on enzyme inhibition.
Obesity and time to pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Obesity may reduce fecundity. We examined the obesity-fecundity association in relation to menstrual cycle regularity, parity, smoking habits and age to gain insight into mechanisms and susceptible subgroups. METHODS: Data were provided by 7327 pregnant women enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project at 12 study centres in the United States from 1959 to 1965. Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was analysed continuously and categorically [underweight (<18.5 kg/m 2 ), optimal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obese (≥230.0 kg/m 2 )]. Adjusted fecundability odds ratios (FORs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards modelling for discrete time data. RESULTS: Fecundity was reduced for overweight [OR = 0.92,95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.84,1.01] and obese (OR = 0.82,95% CI: 0.72,0.95) women compared with optimal weight women and was more evident for obese primiparous women (OR = 0.66,95% CI: 0.49,0.89). Fecundity remained reduced for overweight and obese women with normal menstrual cycles. Neither smoking habits nor age modified the association. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with reduced fecundity for all subgroups of women and persisted for women with regular cycles. Our results suggest that weight loss could increase fecundity for overweight and obese women, regardless of menstrual cycle regularity, parity, smoking habits and age.
hnRNP C1/C2 and Pur-beta proteins mediate induction of senescence by oligonucleotides homologous to the telomere overhang.

This study was funded by the University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center 2010 Pilot Grant Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Embolization of Neurosurgical Lesions Involving the Ophthalmic Artery

OBJECTIVE A number of anteriorly located cranial base and extracranial lesions receive their vascular supply wholly or in part from the ophthalmic artery, and embolization of the ophthalmic artery can be helpful in the management of these lesions, either as the primary treatment or as an adjunct to surgery. We present situations in which the embolization of lesions involving the ophthalmic artery was performed to effect a partial or total cure of the lesion. METHODS Twelve patients underwent a total of 15 embolization attempts on lesions involving the ophthalmic artery. Four patients had arteriovenous malformations of the orbit, four had dural arteriovenous fistulae, two had orbital meningiomas, one had a planum sphenoidale meningioma, and one had a juvenile nasal angiofibroma. In each case, a Tracker No. 18 microcatheter (Target Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, CA) was navigated into the ophthalmic artery using a steerable guidewire and digital road mapping. Embolic agents included polyvinyl alcohol particles ranging from 350 to 1500 microm in diameter, 2-mm platinum microcoils, and n-butyl-cyanoacrylate. In 12 of 15 cases, lidocaine and amytal provocation tests were conducted before any attempt at embolization to assess the role of the ophthalmic artery in vision. RESULTS Embolization was successfully performed in the 14 situations in which it was attempted. Positive results of two lidocaine/amytal tests were noted. In one case, embolization was not attempted. In the other case, a larger caliber embolic agent (2-mm platinum coils) was used. A single transient decrease in visual acuity lasting 4 days was the only embolization-related complication. CONCLUSION Proper case selection, judicious use of embolic agents, and use of provocative testing can result in safe embolization of lesions supplied by the ophthalmic artery.
The analog inhibitor, α-methyl dopa, as a screening agent for mutants elevating levels of dopa decarboxylase activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Resistance to dietary α-methyl dopa, an inhibitor of Drosophila dopa decarboxylase, was investigated as a possible selective system for mutations elevating the activity of this enzyme. Three strains were examined; one isolated directly by high dopa decarboxylase activity and found subsequently to be resistant, and two selectively screened for resistance. Resistance was localized to the second chromosome in all three strains. One of the selectively screened strains had no detectable effect on dopa decarboxylase, the other was associated with an approximate 40% increase in activity. In both strains with elevated decarboxylase activity the increase was localized to the left arm of the second chromosome while both arms contributed to the increase in resistance.
PROBLEMS OF COMPARABILITY IN TREND STUDIES WITH OPINION POLL DATA

Data archives, which provide relatively inexpensive access to the results of surveys conducted over twenty or more years by a variety of organizations, often on comparable subjects, are a strategic resource for the analysis of social change. Here the author, who is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin and has often used these materials to good advantage, writes about what everyone contemplating such longitudinal studies should know.
Individual fertility rate : a new individual fertility measure for small populations

Fertility measurement in small preindustrial societies is hampered by small numbers and the lack of some essential data. Most measures of fertility are collective and require large enough populations to permit grouped data analysis. Existing individual measures of fertility are often unsatisfactory. This paper presents a new measure of individual fertility, the Individual Fertility Rate (IFR), which is constructed by dividing parity by reproductive span in years and multiplying the product by 100. The result is a number which may be used as a dependent individual or cumulative variable to study the effects of health and socioeconomic factors on fertility.
Paleoecologic and Biostratigraphic Implications of Eocene Planktonic Foraminiferal Assemblages, California: ABSTRACT

Correlations and age assignments based on the system of benthic-foraminiferal faunizones and provincial stages developed for the California region are contravened by those based on planktonic species, notably within the Eocene. For example, the Ulatisian and Narizian provincial stages are presently assigned to the middle and upper Eocene, respectively. Our data indicate that strata containing Ulatisian benthic-foraminiferal assemblages range in age from late early Eocene to early middle Eocene whereas Narizian sequences are of early to late middle Eocene age and further, that the "Ulatisian" Rose Canyon and the "Narizian" Cozy Dell formations are correlative. Significantly, none of the Narizian sequences for which planktonic foraminiferal data are available are of late Eo ene age. Inasmuch as the presently available stages and faunizones are time-transgressive, it is urged that this system no longer be used for West Coast Paleogene correlations. The development of a faunizonal succession based on planktonic foraminiferal species provides an adequate chronostratigraphic framework for paleogeographic interpretation, but the absence or rarity of thermophilic species important in standard faunizonations necessitates use of regionally dominant forms. Delineation of dominance and diversity trends reveals modification by shifting watermass boundaries of planktonic-foraminiferal assemblages occurring over End_Page 365------------------------------ the Paleogene California continental margin. Diverse subtropical upper Paleocene-lower Eocene faunas containing Morozovella pass upward into temperate middle Eocene ones characterized by diminished diversity, lack of Morozovella, and by high dominance values for truncorotaloidid and subbotinid species, thus lending support for the concept of a bipolar middle Eocene cooling interval. End_of_Article - Last_Page 366------------
Application of Immunoadsorbents for Isolation of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase, Carboxypeptidase G-1, and Serum Hepatitis Antigen

Abstract The extraordinary specificity of antigen-antibody reactions forms the basis of a simplified isolation method for antigens. The use of antigens to isolate antibodies has been employed by immunologists for many years [1, 2]. The early use of imnunoadsorbents to isolate antibodies was not always successful because the physical adsorption used to fix the antigen permitted “leaking”. However, with the various methods available today for covalently bonding to solid supports, this is no longer a serious problem.
Logistic map potentials

Abstract We develop and illustrate methods to compute all single particle potentials that underlie the logistic map, x ↦ s x ( 1 − x ) for 0 s ⩽ 4 . We show that the switchback potentials can be obtained from the primary potential through functional transformations. We are thereby able to produce the various branches of the corresponding analytic potential functions, which have an infinite number of branch points for generic s > 2 . We illustrate the methods numerically for the cases s = 5 / 2 and s = 10 / 3 .
Nonconvex Gate Delay Modeling and Delay Optimization

Convex delay models like the Elmore model, the related Logical Effort model, posynomial, and generalized posynomial models have always been favored by researchers, as convexity has a priori guarantees of global optimum solutions. The accuracy of the model may be sacrificed in this quest to generate convex delay models. In this paper, we investigate the use of signomial delay modeling for area/delay optimization. We present a procedure to automatically generate signomial gate delay models by nonlinear least squares fitting. As opposed to posynomial models, signomial models achieve better fits to SPICE generated data. However, signomials are not convex in general. Nevertheless, we show via duality arguments that we obtain near optimum (within 1%) solutions. Our optimization considers beta-ratio constraints, minimum and maximum size constraints for n- and p-transistors, rise/fall delays, and edge rates. The gate sizes for the fastest delay solution for a 44000-cell design, using the IBM 130-nm process, can be achieved in about 16 min of CPU time on a PC, and the area-delay tradeoff curve for 21 points can be generated in about 2 h of CPU time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of using a true signomial delay model and its application to optimum gate sizing. In addition, we give performance details for the automatic data fitting for an 11-function library of static CMOS gates.
Consumer Perspective Narrative Analysis of a Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response Survey From Persons With Mobility Impairments

The purpose of this qualitative study is to gain a better understanding of disaster preparedness for and the difficulties faced by persons with mobility impairments to guide future research and pol...
Disrupted circadian rhythms in VIP- and PHI-deficient mice

The related neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) are expressed at high levels in the neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), but their func...
Comparison of cumulative drip sampling with whole carcass rinses for estimation of Campylobacter species and quality indicator organisms associated with processed broiler chickens

ABSTRACT The whole carcass rinse (WCR) procedure is routinely used as a sampling method for determining the presence and number of quality-indicator organisms or pathogens associated with broiler chicken carcasses in processing facilities. Collection of a cumulative drip sample by placing collection vessels under the processing line could potentially capture a more representative sample of bacterial populations associated with an entire flock with less labor than individual bird rinses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cumulative drip sampling method for recovery of Campylobacter spp. and 3 types of quality indicator organisms from broiler carcasses. Cumulative drip and WCR samples were collected on 14 d from a commercial broiler processing facility over a 3-mo period. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the WCR and cumulative drip sampling methods in recovery of Campylobacter spp., total aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, or Escherichia coli associated with the postevisceration samples (P > 0.01). Analysis of the pyrosequencing census data demonstrated high interbird variability and indicates cumulative sampling may be required to obtain fully representative sampling of a flock. For most bacterial taxa, the relative abundance in individual WCR was correlated with cumulative drip samples, but some taxa were undercounted or missed entirely by individual WCR. Consequently, individual carcass rinses may not be representative of the flock microbial community. The cumulative drip sampling technique may save labor and provide a more representative summary of process control in poultry processing facilities.
Economic Imperialism: The Case of the Gold Coast

In recent years economic imperialism in reference to Africa is being re-evaluated, and it is now sufficiently clear from the emerging literature on the subject that very few serious scholars would rigidly apply the classical interpretation or interpret the partition of Africa only in economic terms. One of the most significant recent contributions on the subject which has stimulated much useful discussion and is provoking further research is A. G. Hopkins' article “Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880–1892.” He cites the case of Lagos in order to explore some neglected economic aspects of the partition of West Africa and deals with the economic aspects of the scramble for Africa. To Hopkins the critics of economic imperialism have tended to underrate all other economic motives.
Serial Monitoring of Antidepressant Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy with Sleep EEG Recordings and Dexamethasone Suppression Tests

The study of the biological correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) has received great impetus in recent years. Electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep measurements and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) have been among the most studied and productive of these biological correlates. Commonly described EEG sleep abnormalities in MDD include shortened rapid eye movement (REM) latency, increased REM density, decreased delta sleep, decreased sleep efficiency, and decreased total sleep time (Kupfer and Thase 1983; Gillin et al. 1984). With EEG sleep measurements, used individually or through discriminant analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic confidence for primary endogenous depression ranges from 61% to 90%, 80% to 100%, and 83% to 100%, respectively (Kupfer and Thase 1983). Similar findings have been described for the DST in MDD (Carroll et al. 1981). Thus, both the sleep EEG and the DST can be used to support the
Single Source Hybrid Drive for Multi-Functional Ultrasonic Motor

We previously reported a multi-functional single-stator piezoelectric motor, which can produce translational or rotary motions in a simple structure. In this paper, we will present the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the hybrid driving technique for this motor. In order to benefit from the resonance operating conditions of ultrasonic motors and the structural superiority of inertial type piezoelectric motors, we blend these two drive methods as the new hybrid technique. Translational and rotary motions of mobile element are produced by inertial drive while the stator is excited with rectangular signals at longitudinal and torsional resonance frequencies, respectively.
Autonomous transfer for reinforcement learning

Recent work in transfer learning has succeeded in making reinforcement learning algorithms more efficient by incorporating knowledge from previous tasks. However, such methods typically must be provided either a full model of the tasks or an explicit relation mapping one task into the other. An autonomous agent may not have access to such high-level information, but would be able to analyze its experience to find similarities between tasks. In this paper we introduce Modeling Approximate State Transitions by Exploiting Regression (MASTER), a method for automatically learning a mapping from one task to another through an agent's experience. We empirically demonstrate that such learned relationships can significantly improve the speed of a reinforcement learning algorithm in a series of Mountain Car tasks. Additionally, we demonstrate that our method may also assist with the difficult problem of task selection for transfer.
A Comparison of Nonlethal Methods for Evaluating the Reproductive Status of Female Coastal Cutthroat Trout

Abstract Knowledge of the state of sexual development is important for management of coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii, a fish species targeted for sport fishing throughout its r...
Molecular genetics of aging in the fly: is this the end of the beginning?

How we age and what we can do about it have been uppermost in human thought since antiquity. The many false starts have frustrated experimentalists and theoretical arguments pronouncing the inevitability of the process have created a nihilistic climate among scientists and the public. The identification of single gene alterations that substantially extend life span in nematodes and flies however, have begun to reinvigorate the field. Drosophila's long history of contributions to aging research, rich storehouse of genetic information, and powerful molecular techniques make it an excellent system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of aging. In recent years, Drosophila has been used to test current theories on aging and explore new directions of potential importance to the biology of aging. One such example is the surprising finding that, as opposed to the commonly held assumption that adult life is a period of random passive decline in which all things are thought to fall apart, the molecular life of the adult fly appears to be a state of dynamic well-regulated change. In the fly, the level of expression of many different genes changes in an invariant, often age-dependent, manner. These as well as other molecular genetic studies and demographic analyses using the fly have begun to challenge widely held ideas about aging providing evidence that aging may be a much more dynamic and malleable process than anticipated. With the enormous success that Drosophila molecular genetics has demonstrated in helping understand complex biological phenomena such as development there is much optimism that similar approaches can be adapted to assist in understanding the process of aging. BioEssays 25:134–141, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role for Cathepsin F in Invariant Chain Processing and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Peptide Loading by Macrophages

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II–associated invariant chain (Ii) regulates intracellular trafficking and peptide loading of MHC class II molecules. Such loading occurs after endosomal degradation of the invariant chain to a ∼3-kD peptide termed CLIP (class II–associated invariant chain peptide). Cathepsins L and S have both been implicated in degradation of Ii to CLIP in thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs, respectively. However, macrophages from mice deficient in both cathepsins S and L can process Ii and load peptides onto MHC class II dimers normally. Both processes are blocked by a cysteine protease inhibitor, indicating the involvement of an additional Ii-processing enzyme(s). Comparison of cysteine proteases expressed by macrophages with those found in splenocytes and dendritic cells revealed two enzymes expressed exclusively in macrophages, cathepsins Z and F. Recombinant cathepsin Z did not generate CLIP from Ii–MHC class II complexes, whereas cathepsin F was as efficient as cathepsin S in CLIP generation. Inhibition of cathepsin F activity and MHC class II peptide loading by macrophages exhibited similar specificity and activity profiles. These experiments show that cathepsin F, in a subset of antigen presenting cells (APCs), can efficiently degrade Ii. Different APCs can thus use distinct proteases to mediate MHC class II maturation and peptide loading.
Enhanced Transformation and Sintering of Transitional Alumina Through Mechanical Seeding

Alumina is one of the most widely used ceramics, encompassing spark plugs, catalysts, heat sinks on computer chips, high temperature insulation, lighting envelopes and milling media. Because of this wide variety of applications, alumina is one of the most thoroughly studied ceramic materials. In particular, a significant amount of research has been performed since the 1950’s within the catalysis and ceramic fields with the goal of understanding and controlling such properties as surface acidity and basicity, surface area, crystallite size, agglomeration, thermal stability, phase transformation kinetics, and sinterability. This paper will focus on the phase transformations of alumina and show how the transformation kinetics can be increased to improve the sinterability of compacts prepared from the transitional alumina phases.
The Role of Free Radicals in Organometallic Catalysis

A variety of reactions of metal complexes, reflecting the characteristic weakness of many metal-carbon, metal-hydrogen and metal-metal bonds, result in the formation of carbon-centered and/or metal-centered free radicals. Such reactions play important roles in many catalytic processes including coenzyme B12-dependent enzymic reactions. The mechanistic aspects of such processes are discussed.
Pdes Associated to the CR Embedding Theorem

The purpose of the present article is to explain a construction of a complex tubular neighborhood of a strongly pseudoconvex CR manifold, say M, using the CR geometry of M. The outline of the results obtained prior to 1996 are published in [11]–[14]. For the sake of the convenience of the readers, we will give the description from the beginning. The construction may be used to give a new proof of the CR embedding theorem. We also discuss and compare this attempt with the known proof of the CR embedding theorems (cf. [1], [3], [10], [17], [23]).
‘J-SHAPED’ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRINKING DURING PREGNANCY AND BIRTH WEIGHT: REANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA

Worldwide epidemiological studies on the effects of drinking during pregnancy on birth weight and prematurity were surveyed. Far more studies have reported no significant effects on birth weight than have reported significant decreases. Statistical analyses of the means from the prospective studies in this area indicated that both maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during gestation are associated with a significant decrease in birth weight. The effect of smoking is three times greater than the effect of alcohol. When the data were stratified by smoking status, maternal alcohol consumption did not have a significant effect on birth weight for non-smokers, but among smokers there was a significant linear trend with a threshold for decreased birth weight at about an average of two drinks per day. There was also a significant pattern of increased birth weight associated with low levels of alcohol consumption, suggesting an inverted 'J-shaped' function between drinking during pregnancy and birth weight. Language: en
A comprehensive model for promoting resiliency and preventing violence in schools

Implementing violence prevention programs has become a priority for schools; however, most programs used for this purpose are limited in the skills they teach. In this study, two different resiliency building/violence prevention models were evaluated to assess their effectiveness at preventing violent and maladaptive behaviors in youth. Data from the California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) was used to compare a narrow versus a comprehensive/ecological approach for resiliency building. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the preventive impact of both resiliency building approaches. The results showed that the comprehensive/ecological approach is much stronger than the traditional narrow approach for preventing violent and maladaptive behaviors. Implications for program development and implementation are discussed.
Taste Response of a Bird to Constituents of Arthropod Defensive Secretions

Birds are among the most active and effective vertebrate predators of insects. In northern and eastern Europe, birds have been reported to be specially colonized in intensively managed forests, for the purpose of biological control of pest insects (Franz 1961). Studies have been conducted also in laboratories on the predator-prey relationships (Roth and Eisner 1962, Eisner and Meinwald 1966) between birds and insects.
Developing Bridge Rating Factors for the I. B. Perrine Bridge

This paper describes a finite element model that has been developed to calculate the live load response of a major steel trussed-arch bridge in Idaho. Any truck configuration (axle loads and spacing) can be modeled as a moving load along one of several predefined load paths. The finite element model calculates the envelope of maximum and minimum live load effects (shear, bending moment or axial force) in the bridge members. Live load tests were conducted to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. A preliminary examination of the results of these tests indicate that the finite element model provides reasonably accurate predictions of live load effects in principal members subjected to direct loads. Live load calculations for indirectly-loaded secondary members were less accurate. Further calibration of the model is expected improve the accuracy of forces and moments predicted in both cases, providing a reliable and flexible bridge rating procedure.
Study of nanometer modified epoxy resin system with high modulus for composite skirt

The study of nanometer modified epoxy resin system with high modulus for composite skirt was presented.Effects of content of nano-SiO2 and dispersion method on cast were tested,in the result,the composition of optimized formula was determined.The tensile modulus,flexural modulus and compressive modulus of the formula are 4.53 GPa,4.62 GPa and 4.36 GPa,respectively.When the resin constent is 40% by weight,the fabric composite showed good mechanical properties.Fabric composite compressive fracture micrographs of SEN revealed the characteristic of fibre buckling and the delamination.
Therapeutic Effect of Liposomal Amphotericin B on Premature Infants with Invasive Fungal Infections

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical features of invasive fungal infections in premature infants,and investigate the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B(L-AMB) treatment.Methods The clinical data of invasive fungal infection in 21 premature infants were retrospectively analyzed.All the cases were diagnosed by laboratory mycology examinations and clinically,among 10 infants were finally diagnosis,11 cases were in clinically.All of them were treated with L-AMB.The initial dose of L-AMB was 0.1 mg·kg-1·d-1,every day or previous day added 10 g,dose escalation to 1-3 mg·kg-1·d-1 was allowed.Simultaneous monitoring hepar and kidney functions and routine analysis of blood weekly.Results Very low birth weight,central venous catheter,intravenous hyperalimentation,tracheal cannula and antibiotics for long time were relevant risk factors.Clinical features were non-specificity;Candida albicans was main pathogenic fung;all 1,3-beta-D-glucan were 1 500 pg·L-1.Among the 21 cases,17 cases were cure,2 cases markedly improved,1 case was abandon and 1 case was death.There was no significant toxic and side-effect.Conclusions Invasive fungal infections rates in NICU are increasing and risk factors should be attention.Detection 1,3-beta-D-glucan is essentially.L-AMB get reliable effective and safety for invasive fungal infections in premature.
Colonic endoscopy in perspective.

While the benefits of colonic endoscopy are obvious, there are definite practical and technological limitations to its use. Indications must be clear and findings interpreted with knowledge of the limitations.
[Matching study on immune response between single anti-HBc positivity and healthy adults after primary immunization and revaccination of hepatitis B vaccine].

Objective To compare the antibody response between adults with hepatitis B virus（HBV）core antibody（anti-HBc）single positivity and healthy adults after primary immunization and revaccination of hepatitis B vaccine（HepB）. Methods Adults aged from 18 to 49 who were both negative for HBV surface antigen（HBsAg）and antibody to HBsAg（anti-HBs）,but positive for anti-HBc and narrated no history of HepB immunization by themselves,were selected as single anti-HBc positive group（‘anti-HBc alone’）. Adults who were negative for HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc,with age differences within 2 years,and same gender under the 1 ∶ 1 matching program, were selected to form the control group. Both groups were vaccinated on 0-1-6 schedule with the same HepB. Those who were non-response to HepB at primary immunization were revaccination on 0-1-6 schedule. Response rates and geometric mean concentrations（GMC）between the two groups were compared. Results In total,the number of anticipants were 228 pairs. Rates on non-response, low-response,normal-response and high-response after the primary immunization were 8.77%, 11.84%,31.14%and 48.25%in the control group respectively. The corresponding rates were 8.33%, 30.70%,35.96%and 25.00%in the‘anti-HBc alone’. The rate of low-response in the control group was lower than that in the‘anti-HBc alone’（χ2=22.28,P〈0.01）,while the rate of high-response was higher than that in the control group（χ2=24.43,P〈0.01）. GMC of anti-HBs in the control group （534.07 mIU/ml） was higher than that in the‘anti-HBc alone’（183.99 mIU/ml）（u=4.42,P〈0.01）. The anti-HBs conversion rates were 82.35% and 41.18% in the control group and in the‘anti-HBc alone’respectively after the first-dose revaccination,but increased to 90.00%and 82.35%after the third-dose revaccination. The anti-HBs conversion rates in the control group were higher than that in the‘anti-HBc alone’ after the first-dose revaccination （P〈0.05）,while there was no difference seen between the two groups after the third-dose revaccination （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Immune response in the anti-HBc positive adults after primary immunization was weaker than that in common adults. However,immune response induced by HepB was enough to prevent them from infecting HBV. The rates of response showed an obvious increase after revaccination,hence the same HepB immunization strategy could be used. Key words: Hepatitis B vaccine; Hepatitis B virus core antibody; Antibody response; Adult
Human cytomegalovirus vaccines

Efforts to develop a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccine began more than 30 years ago in response to then recent reports that HCMV was capable of causing severe congenital disease. During the intervening years, our understanding of HCMV biology and immunology has increased dramatically. That knowledge, coupled with the introduction of several new vaccine methodologies, opened the door to an impressive expansion of HCMV vaccine research, particularly during the past decade. This chapter focuses on the principles underlying HCMV vaccine development and on the vaccine approaches that are currently under investigation.
The Unsettling Prospect of an Elective Crown

In the second Exclusion parliament a bill to displace the Duke of York from the line of succession survived three readings in the House of Commons and on 11 November 1680 was ordered to be carried up to the House of Lords, where it died.1 However persuasive the arguments for Exclusion proved to be in the lower house, they were insufficient to satisfy the peers. The Lords lost little time in rejecting the Commons’ bill on its first reading as politically — and perhaps constitutionally — unacceptable. Even if they had been of a different mind, there was still the obstacle of the king, who was clear and consistent in his refusal to permit defeat of his brother’s presumptive claim to the throne. Toward the close of the Cavalier Parliament, in November 1678, Charles had informed both houses that he was willing to legislate any necessary safeguards for the Protestant religion in the event of a Catholic succession, but he had also put them on notice that he would remain steadfast in his defence of ‘the descent of the crown in the true line.’2 And from that point, through three Exclusion Parliaments, he never wavered in his resolve.
The “Partagé Child” and the Emergence of the Modernist Novel in Henry James’s What Maisie Knew

At the turn of the century, Henry James was inspired by the story of two divorced parents to write a novel centered on the consciousness and experiences of a child thus divided. But the “partage child” provided James with more than a captivating central character; it also gave him a new idea for how to write the modern novel. What Maisie Knew initially purports to be a novel given to following the limited and evolving consciousness of this child, but the novel is most remarkable for the way that it changes course. In the end, Maisie’s strategies of coping—silence, secrecy, and diversion—also come to characterize the narrative technique of a novel that never, at last, reveals what Maisie knew.
Evaluation of Lignin Syringyl/Guaiacyl Ratio in Eucalyptus Camaldulensis across Three Diverse Sites Based on near Infrared Spectroscopic Calibration Modelling with Five Eucalyptus Species and its Impact on Kraft Pulp Yield

Lignin composition [syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio] and cellulose content in wood have an important bearing on pulp yield. This paper deals with the development of a calibration model for S/G ratio using five Eucalyptus species from different sites by diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy. The model was constructed with 120 samples covering an S/G ratio range from 1.8 to 3.6, determined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The calibration plot has an R2 value of 0.825 which was validated in E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla and E. pellita. Variation in S/G ratio was studied in more than 3000 E. camaldulensis trees across three diverse sites in southern India. The S/G ratio was lower in a low rainfall site (Mahabubnagar) compared to a higher rainfall site (Ongole). A positive correlation (R2 = 0.72) was observed between S/G ratio and Kraft pulp yield in E. camaldulensis. Alkali consumption in Kraft pulping experiments was inversely proportional to the S/G ratio (R2 = 0.914).
Management of adult concealed penis using a meshed, split-thickness skin graft.

Introduction: Concealed penis (CP) is a rare problem faced by urologists and plastic surgeons. CP occurs secondary to trauma, obesity, or infection. Surgical treatment is individualized and based on patient and provider variables. We aim to review our recent experience using meshed split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) for CP management. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent STSG for CP at our institution. Records were reviewed for demographic, operative, and postoperative variables. Preoperative and postoperative photos were obtained to monitor cosmetic results. Results: Eleven patients underwent CP release with meshed STSG placement. All cases showed improved functional phallic length and good cosmetic results, regardless of etiology. Conclusions: STSG is a viable option for penile coverage for management of this difficult-to-treat CP population. This primary or salvage modality offers excellent cosmetic results and may be used following prior reconstructive attempts.
Independent correlates of chronic kidney disease awareness among adults with type 2 diabetes

Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is usually silent until advanced stages. Awareness of CKD is important to mitigate poorer outcomes. This study aims to understand the relationship(s) between CKD self-awareness and diagnosed CKD.
Pulsatile and Diurnal Leptin Rhythms

Soon after the discovery of the mouse ob gene and the characterization of leptin as its hormonal product, intensive research has defined many of the molecules physiological properties. Early research indicated that the molecule exhibited a rhythmic variation akin to that of other hormones. More detailed investigation revealed pulsatility as a key feature of this hormone’s rhythm. The pattern of secretion is very closely tied to that of other hormones in a manner that is highly indicative of mechanistic interactions. The rhythms of leptin are altered in disease states or physiological imbalances. Gender and body weight may alter the quantities of hormonal secretion, but do not seem capable of disrupting the intrinsic nicto-hemeral rhythm, which is surprisingly stable across wide ranges of subjects and body weight. This chapter reviews the dynamics of daily variations in leptin levels.
Improving email strategies to target stress and productivity in clinical practice

Abstract Physician burnout is gaining increased attention in medicine and neurology and often relates to hours worked and insufficient time. One component of this is administrative burden, which relates to regulatory requirements and electronic health record tasks but may also involve increased time spent processing emails. Research in academic medical centers demonstrates that physicians face increasing inbox sizes related to mass distribution emails from various sources on top of emails required for patient care, research, and teaching. This commentary highlights the contribution of administrative tasks to physician burnout, research to date on email in medical contexts, and corporate strategies for reducing email burden that are applicable to neurology clinical practice. Increased productivity and decreased stress can be achieved by limiting the amount one accesses email, managing inbox size, and utilizing good email etiquette. Department and practice physician leaders have roles in decreasing email volume and modeling good practice.
Feasibility and Design of Subhuman Primate Studies

The use of primates to study the effects of applied environmental influences, such as drugs and other chemicals, on intrauterine development has largely been undertaken during the years following the thalidomide episode, particularly from 1963 through 1975. This undoubtedly reflected concern over the inability of the conventional laboratory animals—mice, rats, and rabbits—to predict with any degree of certainty potential embryotoxic hazards to man. These, however, were not the first experiments that could be regarded as truly teratological. It was observed earlier by van Wagenen and Hamilton (1943) that male sex hormones given to pregnant rhesus monkeys before completion of genital differentiation in the fetus converted genetic females into pseudohermaphrodites. Also, after the rubella virus was shown during the early 1940s to be teratogenic in man, a number of unsuccessful attempts were made to produce a similar effect by inoculating pregnant monkeys with the virus (Corner, personal communication, 1949); but failure to induce either signs of infection or embryotoxicity comparable to those associated with human infection left the teratogenicity of the virus in nonhuman primates in doubt.
CABOT: an adaptive approach to case-based search

This paper describes CABOT, a case-based system that is able to adjust its retrieval and adaptation metrics, in addition to storing cases. It has been applied to the game of OTHELLO. Experiments show that CABOT saves about half as many cases as similar systems that do not adjust their retrieval and adaptation mechanisms. It also consistently beats these systems. These results suggest that existing case-based systems could save fewer cases without reducing their current levels of performance. They also demonstrate that it is beneficial to distinguish failures due to missing information, faulty retrieval, and faulty adaptation.
Psychometric Engineering as Art: Variations on a Theme

The Psychometric Society is “devoted to the development of Psychology as a quantitative rational science.” Engineering is often set in contradistinction with science; art is sometimes considered different from science. Why, then, juxtapose the words in the title: psychometric, engineering,and art? Because an important aspect of quantitative psychology is problem-solving, and engineering solves problems. And an essential aspect of a good solution is beauty—hence, art. In overview and with examples, this presentation describes activities that are quantitative psychology as engineering and art—that is, as design. Extended illustrations involve systems for scoring tests in realistic contexts. Allusions are made to other examples that extend the conception of quantitative psychology as engineering and art across a wider range of psychometric activities.