cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOVE! multidisciplinary programs: Challenges and resources for weight management treatment in VHA

The MOVE! program has been a successful weight management and physical activity initiative from the Veteran's Health Administration. While it embraces a multicomponent approach to weight management, local facilities have primarily focused on the implementation of delivery of MOVE! educational materials to groups or individuals. We discuss additional MOVE!-related weight management efforts within VHA that reflect treatment strategies beyond delivery of these educational materials. First, we present a case study that highlights the special challenges associated with the Veteran overweight/obese population. Second, we describe the implementation of our local, multidisciplinary, individualized weight management clinic as an example of on-the-ground provision of a higher treatment intensity program as part of MOVE!'s multicomponent model. Third, we present program outcomes and consider challenges to program sustainability.
Preventing head trauma from abuse in infants

Head trauma from abuse in infants, including shaken baby syndrome, is the most common cause of death from physical abuse among children.[1][1] Most victims are under 1 year of age and are helpless to protect themselves. The outcomes for survivors of this type of abuse are grim: compared with
Promoting School Based Cohorts in Distance/Online Learning

Successful cohort online learning requires three important components: Community, Collaboration, and Content. Looking at how to develop these components is discussed as a result of what is known by the authors’ active engaging in the cohort online learning model.
Developing Multiple Literacies in Academic English Through Service-Learning and Community Engagement

Research on service-learning offers compelling evidence of the advances student learners make in moral development, orientation to prosocial behavior, and curricular content retention. But who are those student learners? Most studies focus on native, dominant-culture, dominant-language students serving marginalized populations. Studies of the United States, for example, primarily focus on English-speaking U.S. citizens serving either linguistically and culturally similar populations marked by economic, educational, or health vulnerabilities, or linguistically and culturally different populations to facilitate the acquisition of another language or cultural tradition, such as tutoring at a Latino community center in order to learn Spanish. Much less research has focused on English language learners as agents of service in the United States, volunteering at U.S. social service agencies in order to increase their own acquisition of the English language and U.S. culture. This study addresses that gap in the research by analyzing results of a language immersion program that aimed to develop multiple literacies in academic English through service-learning and community engagement. The study documents significant gains in intercultural awareness and advanced language acquisition over 8 weeks of service-learning, recommending service-learning as an exceptional pedagogical mechanism for domestic and international programs in intercultural development and second language acquisition.
Analysis of the mixing effect in InAlAs/InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

The optoelectronic mixing effect in InAlAs Schottky-enhanced InGaAs-based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) is analyzed. The measured frequency bandwidth of the optoelectronic mixer (OEM) is less than that of a corresponding photodetector. The mixing efficiency depends on the light-modulation, local-oscillator, and mixed-signal frequencies and decreases nonlinearly with a decrease in optical power. We present a circuit model of the OEM to explain the experimental results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 108–112, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11141
Indexing and Automatic Significance Analysis.

Intellectual indexing proceeds on three levels: The selection of phrases occurring in the document text (sequential indexing), the posting of specific phrases from the text to generic descriptors (generic indexing), and the choice of descriptors which are implicit to the document text (symbolic indexing). Automation has been attempted on all three levels: by concordance and autoposting. Here an algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of sequential indexing which does not use any grammatical or semantic analysis, but follows the principle of emulating human judgement by evaluation of machine-recognizable attributes of structured word assemblies (text). The algorithm is based on producing “text cuts” of a few words in length and ordering them alphabetically. Afterwards, every “text cut” which appears with a certain limit frequency or above is considered significant (by human standards). The algorithm has been applied to a text body of about 220,000 words from the NASA bibliographic file and an “established” dictionary of significant terms has been created by this algorithm. As any phrase not occurring in the established dictionary is not suppressed, but posted to a floating dictionary, from which it may, if usage increases above the limit frequency, be transferred to the established dictionary, the algorithm presents a tool for the creation and maintenance of a “self-adaptive” data base of text information.
Effects of peripheral and central bombesin on feeding behavior of rats.

Abstract Intraperitoneal injections of tetradecapeptide bombesin (BBS) produced large, dose-related suppressions of liquid and solid food intake in rats, with threshold doses of 1–2 μg-kg −1 . The feeding-associated behaviors of rats receiving BBS by this route at a test meal were normally sequenced, and several other observations suggested that the effect of BBS was specific and not due to malaise. The structurally related amphibian peptide litorin and the structurally related mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) produced similar suppressions of food intake. The satiety effect of BBS administered intraperitoneally did not require the accumulation of food in the gut, the presence of intact adrenals, the abdominal vagus, or the release of cholecystokinin. When BBS and cholecystokinin were administered simultaneously, the suppressive effects on food intake were additive. Lateral cerebroventricular injections of BBS also produced large, dose-related suppressions of food intake, with a threshold dose of 100 ng per rat. The effect by this route, however, was not behaviorally specific: BBS produced equivalent inhibitions of food and water intake at every point on the dose-response curve, and produced a marked increase in grooming which dominated the behavioral display. Thus, (1) peripheral BBS is a putative satiety signal in the rat; (2) the class (endocrine, paracrine, or neural) and mechanism of this satiety action is not established; and (3) the differences in specificity and behavior following intraperitoneal and cerebroventricular routes indicate that peripheral BBS does not act solely via the cerebrospinal fluid to elicity satiety.
Trophectoderm cell subpopulations in the periimplantation mouse blastocyst

Trophectoderm of the preimplantation mouse blastocyst is composed of two cell subpopulations relative to their proximity to the inner cell mass. The polar trophectoderm overlying the inner cell mass proliferates to form the ectoplacental cone, and the mural trophectoderm endoreplicates and gives rise to giant cells. We examined specific differences in the two trophectoderm cell populations using a lectin (Dolichos biflorus) to detect cell surface characteristics and a simple sugar (D-Gal) to detect differences in incorporation. During the first day of delayed implantation, the mural trophectoderm presented twice as many lectin binding sites as did the polar trophectoderm. The mural trophectoderm of both nondelaying and delayed implantation blastocysts showed a greater rate of incorporation of the tritiated sugar by presenting more reduced silver grains in radioautograms. These results indicate that the mural trophectoderm and polar trophectoderm are two distinct cell types in the periimplantation blastocyst.
The solubility of barite and celestite in sodium sulfate : evaluation of thermodynamic data

The solubilities of barite [BaSO4(c)] and celestite [SrSO4(c)] in Na2SO4 were studied and found to be significantly lower than the experimental values reported in the literature. Our new solubility data are in excellent agreement with the predictions of ion interaction models, which have previously been parameterized primarily from solubility data obtained in chloride media. Our solubility data were analyzed both in terms of aqueous thermodynamic models that included ion association species and in terms of ion interaction models that did not require the explicit recognition of such species. In the case of SrSO4, although both ion association and ion interaction models can accurately model our solubility data, the ion interaction approach is preferred because it is easier to extend to higher concentrations. In the case of BaSO4, the aqueous ion interactions appear to be stronger than those for SrSO4, and so the explicit recognition of a BaSO4(aq) ion association species is preferred. The logarithms of the thermodynamic solubility products (log K sp ) for celestite and barite were −6.62±0.02 and −10.05±0.05, respectively. When the data were analyzed using models that include ion association species, the logarithms of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants for the SrSO4(aq) and BaSO4(aq) association reactions were 1.86±0.03 and 2.72±0.09, respectively.
An inverse problem for harmonic acoustics in stratified oceans

Abstract In this paper we study the problem of determining the refraction index n ( z ), as well as the propagating sound field, produced by a line source in a stratified ocean.
Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression in Fetal Rat Hearts after Maternal Alcohol Consumption. 351

Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression in Fetal Rat Hearts after Maternal Alcohol Consumption. 351
Speech synthesis: Design case history: Speak & Spell learns to talk: Designers of an electronic learning aid mastered advanced speech technology and meticulously `prepared¿ the consumer

Describes how a hand-held, low-cost electronic spelling aid with a speech output was designed. A major problem was the synthesis of speech of a quality acceptable to the consumer.
Noise Reduction in Material Decomposition for Low-Dose Dual-Energy Cone-Beam CT.

Purpose: Dual-energy cone-beam CT (DE-CBCT) is an emerging technology with potential application in diagnostic imaging and image-guided interventions. This paper reports DE-CBCT feasibility and investigates decomposition algorithms for maximizing low-dose performance for reconstruction-based DE decomposition. A framework of binary decision theory is used to examine the accuracy of DE decompositions obtained from analytical reconstructions of differentially filtered low-energy (LE) and high-energy (HE) data and from penalized likelihood (PL) reconstructions with differential regularization using quadratic and total variation penalties. Methods: Accurate DE-CBCT decomposition benefits from consideration of all system noise components. Filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction-based decomposition was investigated with differential filtering of LE and HE data. Penalized likelihood reconstruction-based decomposition with differential regularization was hypothesized to further improve low-dose performance, especially when coupled with regularization through a total variation edge preserving penalty that encourages piecewise smooth images. Performance of decomposition was assessed in terms of a binary hypothesis framework of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Studies involved experiments on a DE-CBCT testbench, phantoms of variable material type and concentration, and cadavers (knee arthrography). Results: Studies support the overall feasibility of accurate, low-dose DE-CBCT at concentration down to 5 mg/ml (iodine), dose ~3-6 mGy, and accuracy of material classification ~90%. Reconstruction-based decomposition with quadratic PL performed comparably to FBP. PL with a total variation penalty provided edge preservation and piecewise smooth images that aided DE classification and achieved improved performance over FBP and quadratic PL, reaching accuracy of ~0.98 for 2 mg/mL iodine at 3.2 mGy, compared to approx. 0.9 for FBP and quadratic PL. Conclusions: Accurate material decomposition with DE-CBCT is feasible at low dose and benefits from a rigorous assessment of noise mechanisms among various reconstruction-based techniques. The work points to the potential for non-linear iterative reconstruction methods for high-quality decomposition at low material concentration and dose.
Replicon fusions promoted by insertion sequences on Pseudomonas cepacia plasmid pTGL6

Plasmid pMR5 (pRP1ts) failed to replicate in Pseudomonas cepacia at 47° C. Selection at this temperature for maintenance of tetracycline resistance associated with this plasmid allowed isolation of cointegrate plasmids formed by fusion of pMR5 with pTGL6, a 170 kb plasmid harbored by P. cepacia 249. In the cointegrate plasmids pTGL100, pTGL101, and pTGL102, different regions of pTGL6 were involved in fusion with the same tra-2-containing region of pMR5. Formation of all three plasmids was promoted by insertion sequences on pTGL6, which were also represented in the chromosome.
Transcription of rat liver chromatin and DNA by homologous and E. coli RNA polymerase.

Rat liver chromatin and the DNA derived from it have been transcribed by both pureE. coli RNA polymerase and the chromatin homologous polymerase II. The RNA transcribed from chromatin by the bacterial polymerase hybridizes to 5% of DNA, while that transcribed from DNA hybridizes to 10% of DNA. The sequences transcribed are largely similar as determined by hybridization competition experiments in which largely repetitive sequences are studied.
Facility Mortality Rates for New End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Implications for Quality Improvement

End-stage renal disease networks can provide clinicians with valuable information about treatment outcome among their patients compared with those of other providers. These comparisons can help clinicians identify potential quality of care problems and efficiently allocate resources for quality improvement. We have illustrated this application of network information by examining the mortality rates for newly treated end-stage renal disease patients in 161 dialysis facilities in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. We found that mortality rates were high (an average of 19.2 deaths per 100 years of treatment) and variable (ranging from 0 to 43 deaths per 100 dialysis years). The risk of a patient dying in a facility at the 75th percentile of mortality was 50% higher than that of a patient in a facility at the 25th percentile. Adjusting for patient characteristics (case mix) left considerable variation in the risk of dying among individual dialysis facilities unexplained, suggesting that other treatment center-specific aspects of care contributed to the differences in mortality. After controlling for factors associated with increased mortality, the risk of a patient dying in a facility at the 75th percentile of mortality was 70% greater than that of a patient in a facility at the 25th percentile of mortality. Most facilities, but not all, with the highest unadjusted mortality rates also had the highest adjusted mortality. We conclude that treatment outcome comparisons that have been adjusted to account for case mix among facilities can be provided by network surveillance systems and, when properly understood by providers, might stimulate the search for facility-specific, nonpatient factors that contribute to these outcomes.
Three-dimensional image reconstruction for PET by multi-slice rebinning and axial image filtering

A fast method is described for reconstructing volume images from three-dimensional (3D) coincidence data in positron emission tomography (PET). The reconstruction method makes use of all coincidence data acquired by high-sensitivity PET systems that do not have inter-slice absorbers (septa) to restrict the axial acceptance angle. The reconstruction method requires only a small amount of storage and computation, making it well suited for dynamic and whole-body studies. The method consists of three steps: (i) rebinning of coincidence data into a stack of 2D sinograms; (ii) slice-by-slice reconstruction of the sinogram associated with each slice to produce a preliminary 3D image having strong blurring in the axial (z) direction, but with different blurring at different z positions; and (iii) spatially variant filtering of the 3D image in the axial direction (i.e. 1D filtering in z for each x-y column) to produce the final image. The first step involves a new form of the rebinning operation in which multiple sinograms are incremented for each oblique coincidence line (multi-slice rebinning). The axial filtering step is formulated and implemented using the singular value decomposition. The method has been applied successfully to simulated data and to measured data for different kinds of phantom (multiple point sources, multiple discs, a cylinder with cold spheres, and a 3D brain phantom).
Framing Effects of News Coverage of the Embryonic Stem Cell Controversy: Issue Involvement as an Effects Moderator

This study examines reactions to ethical and strategic framing in the news coverage of the embryonic stem cell research controversy, depending on the level of issue involvement. In order to test hypotheses regarding the effects of strategic vs. ethical frames and the moderating role played by issue involvement, an online experiment was conducted. Results indicated that these two frames interacted with issue involvement and generated different reactions among participants.
Preparation of uniform colloidal dispersions by chemical reactions in aerosols: IV. Mixed silica/titania particles

Abstract Spherical particles of mixed silica/titania composition were prepared by hydrolysis of aerosols consisting of titanium (IV) ethoxide and silicon (IV) chloride. Vapor of the latter was absorbed into preformed droplets of the alkoxide, the size of which could be controlled by changing the temperature and the flow rate of the carrier gas through the apparatus containing the two reagents. These droplets were then exposed to water vapor. The resulting amorphous mixed silica/titania particle were of a narrow size distribution, easily dispersed in water, with an isoelectric point at pH 7.1 ± 0.1. Heating at high temperature resulted in crystallization. ESCA measurements indicated an enrichment of titanium atoms on the surface, while atomic absorption analysis showed higher silicon concentration in the bulk phase. Light scattering data gave refractive index between that of SiO 2 and TiO 2 . BET surface areas suggested that the original colloidal particles were porous.
Kant's Analytic

Frontispiece Saul Steinberg Preface Analytical table of contents Part I. Aesthetic: 1. Synthetic a priori judgements 2. The outer-sense theory 3. Space and objects 4. The inner-sense theory 5. Intuitions of space and time Part II. Analytic of Concepts: 6. The metaphysical deduction 7. The categories considered 8. Transcendental deduction: the main thread 9. Transcendental deduction: further aspects Part III. Analytic of Principles: 10. Schematism 11. Causal necessity 12. The axioms, anticipations, and postulates 13. The first analogy 14. The refutation of idealism 15. The second analogy Notes Index.
Radiosensitization of human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo with acyclovir and mutant HSV-TK75 expressed from adenovirus.

Abstract Purpose : We recently reported that an adenovirus-expressing mutant HSV-TK75 (AdCMV-TK75) radiosensitized rat syngeneic gliomas in combination with low concentrations of acyclovir (ACV) much more effectively than a virus expressing wild-type herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). In this report we have examined whether similar radiosensitizing effects are also seen with human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Materials : Human U87 MG glioma cells were transduced with AdCMV-TK75 and exposed to ACV followed by single-dose irradiation and colony-forming survival assays. Similarly, U87 MG xenografts were infused with AdCMV-TK75 or Adβgal control virus, followed by ACV administration and fractionated irradiation. Therapeutic efficacy was monitored by tumor growth. Results : U87 MG cells transduced with AdCMV-TK75 were significantly more sensitive to ACV (3 μM) than cells transduced with either wild-type HSV-TK or control virus. To determine whether human cells also demonstrate improved radiosensitization similar to that seen with rat glioma cells and tumors, we transduced U87 MG cells with either AdCMV-TK75, AdCMV-TK, expressing wild-type HSV-TK, or Adβgal and then treated the cells with 3 μM of ACV. Cells transduced with AdCMV-TK75 were significantly more radiosensitive (dose enhancement ratio [D37]: 2.6) by colony-forming survival assay than cells transduced with either AdCMV-TK or Adβgal. Furthermore, we found that U87 MG xenografts infused with AdCMV-TK75 by slow positive pressure infusion were more radiosensitive after administration of ACV than tumors infused with Adβgal. A more dramatic result was achieved when fractionated irradiation was carried out concurrently with ACV administration, in which case AdCMV-TK75-treated tumors did not grow at all. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that transduction of human glioma cells in vitro and infusion of xenografts in vivo with AdCMV-TK75 and treatment with concentrations of ACV that can be achieved in vivo produce similar radiosensitization, as previously reported with rat glioma cells and intracerebral syngeneic tumors. In addition, concurrent treatment with ACV and radiation therapy is more efficient than when ACV is administered before radiation therapy.
Mapping Collected Memory: An Exploration of Memory-Based Navigation in Amman, Jordan

The purpose of this research is to explore navigational and image-making methods in a context where maps and formal address systems have been minimally consulted in recent years. This investigation is approached by way of a research-based art project on subjective cartography, which was carried out from 2009 to 2010 during a Fulbright fellowship to Amman, Jordan. The project examines the mutability of a specific location as well as its relationship between obsolescence in cartographic resources and the photographic medium. By reaching out to Ammani residents for informal tours of the city, selected guides were asked to narrate their experiences of navigating the city by memory and then directed to point out key landmarks during this process. Later, these tours were re-memorized and landmarks were photographed as a representation of the afterimage to capture high-quality still images through the use of a large-format photographic device. These afterimages are not intended to serve as documents or memorials of Amman but rather as ruminations on the faculties of memory in an ever-changing environment. This subjective experience, or the observation of a city’s minutiae amid wayfinding, poses a series of inquiries, vis-a-vis memory-based navigation and the role of still images, as an alternative to the panoptic view of a map. The result is a meditative project considering the plasticity of an urban entity, presented as a composition of written material and large-scale photographs, fragments of the city that when viewed as a series come together as a constellation of a subjective whole.
Teenage Mobility in the United States: Issues and Opportunities for Promoting Public Transit

This study was designed to investigate teenagers' perceptions of public transit within the context of the wider issue of teenage mobility. Results showed a number of significant restrictions on teenage mobility in the United States, including driving age regulations, travel costs, parental safety concerns, and low-density development patterns that limit walking and cycling. As such, teenagers are an obvious market segment for transit agencies to target. Teenager-parent pairs were recruited to participate in a series of eight focus group sessions conducted in Tampa and Miami, Florida. Qualitative analyses of these sessions revealed a set of five mobility themes that play a major role in determining teenagers' mode choice decisions: safety, cost, access-availability, reliability, and image. In many situations, teenagers viewed private vehicles as having distinct advantages over transit. However, some advantages associated with transit were identified, including independent mobility, travel cost, and travel ...
War and the Fate of Regimes: A Comparative Analysis.

Governments are likely to be held accountable for the success or failure of their foreign policies. Consequently, we claim that international wars can, under specified conditions, have domestically instigated consequences for violent regime change in the political systems of the participants. Drawing upon all international war participation between 1816 and 1975, we seek to answer the question, Do wars lead to violent changes of regime and if so, under what conditions? Three hypotheses set out the expected associations of a nation's initiator or target role in a war, the war outcome, and the costs of the war with domestically instigated violent changes of regime. Direct relationships are found for all three and hold even against possible threats to their validity and robustness. The results suggest that domestic politics play a larger role in national security policy than is generally believed by realist or neorealist theorists.
Trends in the population prevalence of people who inject drugs in US metropolitan areas 1992-2007.

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) have increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We update and present estimates and trends of the prevalence of current PWID and PWID subpopulations in 96 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for 1992–2007. Current estimates of PWID and PWID subpopulations will help target services and help to understand long-term health trends among PWID populations. Methodology We calculated the number of PWID in the US annually from 1992–2007 and apportioned estimates to MSAs using multiplier methods. We used four types of data indicating drug injection to allocate national annual totals to MSAs, creating four distinct series of component estimates of PWID in each MSA and year. The four component estimates are averaged to create the best estimate of PWID for each MSA and year. We estimated PWID prevalence rates for three subpopulations defined by gender, age, and race/ethnicity. We evaluated trends using multi-level polynomial models. Results PWID per 10,000 persons aged 15–64 years varied across MSAs from 31 to 345 in 1992 (median 104.4) to 34 to 324 in 2007 (median 91.5). Trend analysis indicates that this rate declined during the early period and then was relatively stable in 2002–2007. Overall prevalence rates for non-Hispanic black PWID increased in 2005 as compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Hispanic prevalence, in contrast, declined across time. Importantly, results show a worrisome trend in young PWID prevalence since HAART was initiated – the mean prevalence was 90 to 100 per 10,000 youth in 1992–1996, but increased to >120 PWID per 10,000 youth in 2006–2007. Conclusions Overall, PWID rates remained constant since 2002, but increased for two subpopulations: non-Hispanic black PWID and young PWID. Estimates of PWID are important for planning and evaluating public health programs to reduce harm among PWID and for understanding related trends in social and health outcomes.
Studies on asparagine-linked protein glycosylation in differentiating skeletal muscle cells

Abstract The embryonic development of skeletal muscle proceeds by the adherence and fusion of myoblast cells to form multinucleated myotubes. In the present study, enzymes in the dolichol pathway for asparagine-linked glycoprotein synthesis and oligosaccharide chain composition were characterized in myoblasts and myotubes derived from the C2 (mouse) muscle cell line. The N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase responsible for chain initiation and the mannosyl- and glucosyltransferases for Dol-P-Man and Dol-P-Glc synthesis were characterized with respect to substrate, cation, and detergent dependence. Time course studies in the absence and presence of exogenous Dol-P revealed that myoblasts had a two- to threefold higher capacity than myotubes for Dol-sugar synthesis. Pulse-chase experiments following the elongation of the Dol-oligosaccharide by intact cells showed myoblasts to label oligosaccharide intermediates approximately fourfold greater than myotubes; myotubes, however, were more efficient than myoblasts for converting the intermediates to the glucosylated Dol-tetradecasaccharide. Oligosaccharide chains isolated from sarcolemma glycopeptides were analyzed by Con A, WGA, and QAE chromatography. There were no differences between myoblast and myotube oligosaccharides with respect to the proportion of tri-tetraantennary complex, biantennary complex, and high mannose chains. Hybrid chains were not detected. The major high mannose chain contained nine mannose residues. Sialytransferase activity was identical. The results suggest that higher levels of Dol-P and protein acceptor contribute to the greater degree of protein glycosylation in myoblast vs myotube muscle cells.
In situ photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of c-BN films deposited via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition employing fluorine chemistry

Abstract Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) was deposited on silicon substrates using electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (ECR MPCVD) employing Ar–He–N2–H2–BF3 gas precursors at 780 °C. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements indicated that c-BN nucleated and grew on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layer that initially formed on the substrate. The minimum and maximum bias applied to the sample that yielded c-BN growth was investigated by in situ XPS. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), elastic recoil detection (ERD), and XPS were employed to determine the chemical composition of the produced films, while XPS and in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were employed to investigate the electronic structure of film surfaces. The bandgap of the c-BN films was estimated to be 6.2 ± 0.2 eV from XPS measurements. In situ UPS measurements indicated that as-deposited c-BN films exhibited a negative electron affinity (NEA). The surface continued to exhibit an NEA after H2 plasma treatment performed at 650 °C and annealing at 780 °C. Analysis of surface bonding using a surface dipole model suggests that H-terminated N surface sites could be responsible for the observed NEA character.
Modeling of collision-induced infrared absorption spectra of H2-H2 pairs in the fundamental band at temperatures from 20 to 300 K

Abstract A numerical method is presented which generates the rotovibrational (free-free) collision-induced absorption (RV CIA) spectra of H 2 -H 2 pairs in the fundamental band of hydrogen, at temperatures from 20 to 300 K. Computed synthesized spectra are found to be in close agreement with all presently known CIA spectra of H 2 -H 2 and reproduce the results of the quantum mechanical computations to within a few percent. The spectral lineshape parameters are obtained from the lowest three quantum mechanical spectral moments computed from first principles. The model RV CIA spectra of H 2 -H 2 can thus be computed easily even on small computers. The work is of interest for the modeling of the atmospheres of the outer planets in the near infrared region of the spectrum.
Treatment of steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with pulse methylprednisolone and alkylating agents.

In children, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is frequently a progressive condition resulting in end-stage renal disease. There have been no reports of effective treatment for this condition. For the past several years, the Pediatric Nephrology services at the University of California, San Diego and Stanford University Schools of Medicine have treated these patients with a protocol involving infusions of high doses of methylprednisolone, often in combination with oral alkylating agents. Twenty-three children have been treated in this manner with a follow-up of 46±5 months. Twelve of these children are in complete remission. Six have minimal to moderate proteinuria. Four children remain nephrotic. Each of these children has a normal glomerular filtration rate. One child developed chronic renal failure and subsequently died while on dialysis. These results appear significantly better than previous series of children with FSGS. A controlled, multi-center trial of this protocol has been proposed.
The Hydrodynamic Stability of Rapidly Evaporating Liquids With Time Dependent Base States

Analyse mathematique de la stabilite hydrodynamique d'une surface liquide en evaporation rapide
Quantitative yields of underivatized peptides by HPLC

New methods for peptide separation are being developed. Resolution of peptide mixtures on HPLC with good reproducibility indicates the progress that has already been made in development of supports with useful separation capabilities. At present adsorptive characteristics of the stationary phases may place limitations on the applicability of the technique to underivatized peptides. Hopefully, the application of ionpairing techniques and the development of new support materials will expand the range of application for protein and peptide purification.
Hematologic Changes Associated With Weekly Low-Dose Cisplatin Administration in Dogs

This study prospectively describes the systemic toxicity of cisplatin (20 mg/m(2),IV) when given in weekly doses prior to localized irradiation in dogs with solid malignancies. Eleven dogs received a total of 54 weekly doses of cisplatin. Two dogs did not complete the 5-week protocol due to progressive disease and two dogs received 6 weekly doses of cisplatin. Repeated administration of cisplatin caused a significant decline in the leukocyte count, segmented neutrophil count, and platelet count. These changes were related to the number of cisplatin doses. The dogs did not have any significant alteration of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, or urine specific gravity during the treatment period. Weekly low-dose cisplatin, as used in this study, is safe for use in tumor-bearing dogs. However, the significant decline in the leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, and platelet counts in these 11 dogs suggest that cisplatin prescribed at 20 mg/m(2) IV once per week should not exceed five consecutive treatments.
Influence of Microwave Radiation on the Growth of Gold Nanoparticles and Microporous Zincophosphates in a Reverse Micellar System

The water core of reverse micelles has been extensively used as the site for synthesis of a variety of materials. However, water-in-oil reverse micelles have a limited range of temperatures over which they are stable as a single phase. Directing heat to the water cores, the usual site of synthesis without heating the bulk provides added opportunities for synthesis. Microwave radiation is a method for superheating the water cores. In this study, we use an H2O−sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)−heptane reverse micelle system for the synthesis of Au particles by hydrazine reduction of HAuCl4 in the presence and absence of microwave radiation. The duration of the microwave radiation was limited to a 2-min duration at a power of 300 W, thereby ensuring that the reverse micelle phase is maintained during the synthesis. At all hydrazine concentrations studied (0.5−2 M), the presence of microwave radiation led to an increase in the particle size of Au. The second system examined was the growth of micro...
Photomagnetism of the triplet state of coronene

Abstract A new technique using a superconducting susceptometer to record the transient paramagnetism of excited states induced by irradiation of molecules with a pulsed laser has been used to measure the magnetic susceptibility of the lowest excited triplet state of coronene, yielding a triplet lifetime τ T = 9.2 s and quantum yield Φ T = 0.61, consistent with a pure spin state.
Monte Carlo calculations of reaction rates and energy distributions among reaction products. Reactions of HF and DF with H and D-atoms

Rate coefficients are calculated for the reactions of H and D-atoms with vibrationally excited HF and DF molecules. Three-dimensional classical trajectories of the collision dynamics of these reactions have been calculated by means of the London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) potential energy surface. The Monte Carlo procedure is used to start each collision trajectory. Results of this study indicate that (a) chemical exchange provides an efficient mechanism for relaxing vibrationally excited HF and DF molecules by H and D-atoms; (b) multiple-quantum transitions are important in the deactivation processes; and (c) both vibration-translation and vibration-rotation energy transfers contribute to vibrational relaxation of vibrationally excited HF and DF molecules by H and D-atoms. The vibrational relaxation of HF (v = 1) by H-atoms is faster than the vibrational relaxation of DF (v = 1) by H-atoms. A similar effect is indicated for D-atoms; i.e. the vibrational relaxation of DF (v = 1) by D-atoms is faster than ...
EFFECTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON RIPARIAN BOX ELDER (ACER NEGUNDO) FORESTS IN CANYONS OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN, USA

Canyon riparian zone vegetation is vulnerable to effects of upstream river regulation. We studied box elder (Acer negundo) dominated canyon riparian forests intensively on the Green and Yampa rivers in Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado, and extensively in four other major rivers of the upper Colorado River Basin to determine the effects of river regulation on riparian tree establishment patterns. We: 1) aged individuals to determine if establishment was correlated with high annual peak flows, 2) mapped cohorts to determine if the areal extent of post-regulation cohorts was reduced on regulated compared to unregulated river reaches, and 3) measured the floodplain position of cohorts in regulated and unregulated rivers to determine if establishment was confined to lower landscape positions under regulated flow regimes. Box elder establishment was highly correlated with annual peak flows, with most recruitment occurring during years with unusually high peak flows. In regulated river reaches recruitment was facilitated by annual peak flows that were below average under a natural flow regime but were unusually high under the post-dam flow regime. The areal extent of post-regulation box elder cohorts was reduced on the regulated river compared to pre-regulation cohorts on all rivers, and recent cohorts on an unregulated river. Post-regulation cohorts on regulated rivers established at lower landscape positions than cohorts on unregulated rivers, resulting in inset floodplain forests on regulated rivers. The reduction in establishment height above the river was directly proportional to the magnitude of post-regulation peak flow reduction. Controlled high magnitude flood releases would facilitate forest regeneration across the full extent of historic forests, and peak flows that would mimic a lower magnitude natural hydrograph would facilitate establishment in the inset floodplain. In an era of increasing consumption of shrinking water supplies, opportunities for high magnitude reservoir releases are likely to diminish, increasing the need for active management of riparian forest ecosystems.
Immunocytochemical localization of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in the rat CNS

In order to determine the cellular localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) in the nervous system the enzyme was purified to homogeneity and used to prepare an antiserum in rabbits. The anti-gamma-GTP serum cross-reacted with rodent tissues, but not those of human, monkey, calf, sheep or chicken. Monospecificity of the antibody was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis. The antibody inactivated the purified enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. The gamma-GTP antibody was used with the indirect fluorescent method to visualize sites containing gamma-GTP in the CNS. Choroid plexus, capillaries and the luminal side of ependymal cells stained well. Additionally, immunoreactive cells were found in both grey and white matter throughout the CNS which did not have the morphological appearance of neurons and were thought to be glia. These immunocytochemical studies suggest that gamma-GTP is largely though not exclusively associated with glia in the CNS.
Effect of electron correlation on the electronic structure and spin-lattice coupling of high- T c cuprates: Quantum Monte Carlo calculations

Electron correlation effects are particularly strong in high-temperature superconducting materials. Devising an accurate description of these materials has long been a challenge, with these strong correlation effects historically being considered impossible or impractical to simulate computationally. Using quantum Monte Carlo techniques, we have explicitly simulated electron correlations in several cuprate materials from first principles. These simulations accurately reproduce many important physical quantities of these materials, including the interaction-induced gap and superexchange coupling between copper spins, with no additional parameters beyond fundamental constants. We further investigate the dimensionless spin-lattice coupling parameter in the parent materials, showing that it varies dramatically, between 0.1 and 1.0, depending on the interlayer. This result indicates that the lattice and magnetic degrees of freedom are not independent in these systems, which may have ramifications for the origin of superconductivity.
Histochemical demonstration of differences in AMP deaminase activity in rat skeletal muscle-fibres

The histochemical method for AMP deaminase confirms that rat slow-twitch fibres contain less AMP deaminase activity than fast-twitch fibres. However, the enzyme appears similarly localized in all fibre types.
On 2-dimensional homology classes of 4-manifolds

Let Kτ be a framed knot in S3 representing the 4-manifold which is obtained by attaching a 2-handle onto B4 along K with the framing τ (see (1)). Tristram (2) proved the following non-imbedding theorem for the generator of ).
Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) by antipsychotic drugs

The effects of 11 antipsychotic drugs on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) prepared from bovine heart and rat brain were investigated. All inhibited PDHC to varying extents. With clinically equivalent doses, chlorpromazine and thioridazine inhibited the most and fluphenazine and thiothixene the least. The relationship of degree of inhibition of PDHC by neuroleptics to clinical improvement of 32 outpatients treated with acetazolamide and thiamine (A + T) ancillary therapy for chronic mental illness suggests that patients treated with psychoactive drugs that inhibit PDHC the least are most likely to have a favorable response with A + T treatment.
Development of wind tunnel for laboratory wind turbine testing

This paper presents the development of a wind tunnel that will be used for wind turbine testing in a controlled environment. The prototype is designed to be able to provide wind speeds of up to 20 m/s (∼43mph) depending on the cross sectional area of the tunnel chamber. A 42 inch tube axial fan is driven by a 5hp induction motor using a variable frequency drive to allow continuously variable wind speeds from near zero up to the maximum wind speed. The fan is rated to produce ∼25,000 CFM and the corresponding wind speed is therefore dependent on chamber cross sectional area. There will be two chamber sizes possible. One is 2.5 feet by 2.5 feet and the other is 3.25 feet by 3.25 feet. The larger cross section allows larger turbines to be tested while the smaller cross section allows higher wind speeds to be reached. The paper also describes some possible applications of the apparatus in the academic environment.
Development of Upper Limb Prostheses: Current Progress and Areas for Growth

Upper extremity prosthetic technology has significantly changed in recent years. The devices available and those under development are more and more able to approximate the function of the lost limb; however, other challenges remain. This article provides a brief perspective on the most advanced upper limb prostheses available and the challenges present for continued development of the technology.
Design of microfluidic channel geometries for the control of droplet volume, chemical concentration, and sorting

Passive microfluidic channel geometries for control of droplet fission, fusion and sorting are designed, fabricated, and tested. In droplet fission, the inlet width of the bifurcating junction is used to control the range of breakable droplet sizes and the relative resistances of the daughter channels were used to control the volume of the daughter droplets. Droplet fission is shown to produce concentration differences in the daughter droplets generated from a primary drop with an incompletely mixed chemical gradient, and for droplets in each of the bifurcated channels, droplets were found to be monodispersed with a less than 2% variation in size. Droplet fusion is demonstrated using a flow rectifying design that can fuse multiple droplets of same or different sizes generated at various frequencies. Droplet sorting is achieved using a bifurcating flow design that allows droplets to be separated base on their sizes by controlling the widths of the daughter channels. Using this sorting design, submicron satellite droplets are separated from the larger droplets.
The Immunoglobulin G Heavy Chain Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques Is Distinct from the Heavy Chain Repertoire in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Analyses have shown that the repertoire of Ig heavy chain sequences (VH) expressed in multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques or cerebrospinal fluid is consistent with B cell clonal expansion and affinity maturation. PCR amplification of VH sequences from MS lesions obtained from an acute MS patient at autopsy revealed oligoclonal and extensively mutated VH sequences from plaque-periplaque regions with discrete intraclonal differences indicative of B cell clonal expansion in the groups of overrepresented major sequences. None of the VH sequences expressed in plaque regions were detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes from this patient. These data indicate the presence of a CNS-targeted antigen-driven response in MS plaques.
Action principle for higher order Lagrangians with an indefinite metric

A consistent action principle with an indefinite metric and a Lagrangian of any finite order requires that the Lagrangian be invariant under an operation called metric conjugation. This in turns implies that (i) an observable must commute with the metric operator, (ii) the S-matrix must be unitary, and (iii) transitions between states of opposite metric parity are forbidden. For higher order Lagrangians the energy is still the 00-component of the energy-momentum tensor Tμν. It was necessary to split the derivatives of the field variables into normal and tangential components so that canonical conjugate variables could be defined.
Computer role in decision making in the year 2000

Abstract This paper presents the key challenges involved in the computer-assisted decision-making process in the year 2000. An attempt is made to examine the role of computer application in the decision-making process within the work organization. The Computer-Aided Decision Process Enhancement Model (CADPEM) is presented. CADPEM features and benefits are discussed. The computer impact on the hierarchical organization structure is examined. The purposeful hierarchical organization of the year 2000 is characterized as a Triangular Information Network of Operations (TINOP). TINOP is described as comprising of three layers of Technology Information Network (TIN). Effective system management approach is presented for TINOP Layers.