cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Augmenting Data Using Gaussian Mixture Embedding For Improving Land Cover Segmentation

The use of convolutional neural networks improved greatly data synthesis in the last years and have been widely used for data augmentation in scenarios where very imbalanced data is observed, such as land cover segmentation. Balancing the proportion of classes for training segmentation models can be very challenging considering that samples where all classes are reasonably represented might constitute a small portion of a training set, and techniques for augmenting this small amount of data such as rotation, scaling and translation might be not sufficient for efficient training. In this context, this paper proposes a methodology to perform data augmentation from few samples to improve the performance of CNN-based land cover semantic segmentation. First, we estimate the latent data representation of selected training samples by means of a mixture of Gaussians, using an encoder-decoder CNN. Then, we change the latent embedding used to generate the mixture parameters, at random and in training time, to generate new mixture models slightly different from the original. Finally, we compute the displacement maps between the original and the modified mixture models, and use them to elastically deform the original images, creating new realistic samples out of the original ones. Our disentangled approach allows the spatial modification of displacement maps to preserve objects where deformation is undesired, like buildings and cars, where geometry is highly discriminant. With this simple pipeline, we managed to augment samples in training time, and improve the overall performance of two basal semantic segmentation CNN architectures for land cover semantic segmentation.
Mixing and detonation structure in a rotating detonation engine with an axial air inlet

Abstract High-fidelity simulations of an experimental rotating detonation engine with an axial air inlet were conducted. The system operated with hydrogen as fuel at globally stoichiometric conditions. Instantaneous data showed that the detonation front is highly corrugated, and is considerably weaker than an ideal Chapman–Jouguet wave. Regions of deflagration are present ahead of the wave, caused by mixing with product gases from the previous cycle, as well as the injector recovery process. It is found that as the post-detonation high pressure flow expands, the injectors recover unsteadily, leading to a transient mixing process ahead of the next cycle. The resulting flow structure not only promotes mixing between product and reactant gases, but also increases likelihood of autoignition. These results show that the detonation process is very sensitive to injector design and the transient behavior during the detonation cycle. Phase-averaged statistics and conditionally averaged data are used to understand the overall reaction structure. Comparisons with available experimental data on this configuration show remarkable good agreement of the predicted reacting flow structure.
Sox2-RNA mechanisms of chromosome topological control in developing forebrain

Summary Precise regulation of gene expression networks requires the selective targeting of DNA enhancers. The Evf2 long non-coding RNA regulates Dlx5/6 ultraconserved enhancer(UCE) interactions with long-range target genes, controlling gene expression over a 27Mb region in mouse developing forebrain. Here, we show that Evf2 long range gene repression occurs through multi-step mechanisms involving the transcription factor Sox2, a component of the Evf2 ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). Evf2 directly interacts with Sox2, antagonizing Sox2-dependent Dlx5/6UCE activation. Evf2 regulates Sox2 binding at key sites, including the Dlx5/6eii shadow enhancer and Dlx5/6UCE interaction sites. Evf2 differentially targets RNP-associated Sox2 protein pools (PPs), redirecting Sox2-PPs to one repressed gene at the expense of the other. Co-regulation of Dlx5/6UCEintrachromosomal interactions by Evf2 and Sox2 reveals a role for Sox2 in chromosome topology. We propose that RNA organizes RNPs in a subnuclear domain, regulating both long-range UCE targeting and activity through Sox2-RNP sequestration and recruitment.
Secondary Electron Yield Measurements on Materials of Interest to Vacuum Electron Communication Devices

Vacuum electron devices (VEDs) can experience degraded performance, including complete failure, due to multipactor breakdown (MPB). This effect is tied to the production and acceleration of secondary electrons due to electron impact and coupling to the RF fields. In order to better understand the initiation of MPB with materials of interest, researchers at the University of New Mexico (UNM) are carrying out a study of the secondary electron yield (SEY) contribution from various materials used in high power VEDs. This work describes SEY data from electron bombardment in the low energy regime, from 10 eV to 1 keV, on Cu as a baseline material, - stainless steel, aluminum 6061 (Al) and Invar (Fe64/Ni36). SEY data for Cu as a function of incident beam angle is also presented. In addition, different surface cleaning treatment protocols employed in this study will be described.
Electrostatics of charged dielectric spheres with application to biological systems. III. Rigorous ionic screening at the Debye-Hückel level.

The unequivocal role of electrostatic forces in biological (and colloidal) systems underscores the importance of attaining accurate and rapid calculations of electrostatic forces if one wishes to faithfully simulate the electrostatic aspect of a biological system. This paper makes significant progress toward this aspect as it rigorously incorporates ionic screening at the Debye-Huckel level for an electrolyte system containing dielectric spheres of finite radii. We investigated earlier this system without mobile ions via a surface charge method. However, the need for computing a large number of Wigner rotation matrix elements per configuration can significantly slow down the numerical calculations. This difficulty was recently overcome by our Wigner-matrix-free formalism. Unfortunately, in that method ions can only be included individually, making it impractical to investigate, for example, ionic screening in a system modeled by charged dielectric spheres immersed in a solution of mobile ions. Here, we overcome this difficulty by extending the surface charge method to treat ions implicitly. Previous treatments of charged dielectric spheres in a solution of mobile ions did not emphasize the energy reciprocity of electrostatics and are largely limited to a few spheres and/or special symmetries. Our new formalism respects reciprocity and accommodates arbitrarily many dielectric spheres of different dielectric constants and sizes while being rigorous at the Debye-Huckel level. The differences, and the relationship, between our new implicit ion treatment and our previous ion-free (or explicit ion) approach are described. A closed form for the electrostatic energy with implicit ions is also provided. This new formalism speeds up the computation of the electrostatic energy in the presence of ions, and accommodates permanent and induced multipoles that are very important when the polarization effect needs to be correctly included. We also mention how the proposed method can be transformed to a numerical method for use with arbitrary nonspherical surfaces.
Customer Influence Value and Purchase Acceleration in New Product Diffusion

When social influence plays a key role in the diffusion of new product, the value of a customer often goes beyond her own product purchase. We posit that a customer's value (CV) comes not only from her purchase value (PV) but also from her influence value (IV) (i.e., CV = PV IV). Therefore, a customer's value can be far greater than her purchase value if she exerts a considerable influence on others. Building on a two-segment influential–imitator asymmetric influence model, we develop a model framework to derive closed-form expressions for PV, IV, and CV by customer segment as well as time of adoption, and we examine their comparative statics with respect to the diffusion parameters. A key parameter of our model framework is the social apportioning parameter, d, which determines the credit a customer receives by influencing other potential adopters. We develop an endogenous method for determining d as a function of the new product diffusion parameters. Our model framework allows us to investigate how a firm might accelerate product purchases by providing introductory discount offers to a targeted group of potential adopters at product launch. We find that purchase acceleration frequently leads to a significant increase in total customer value.
The integration of yoga in physical therapy clinical practice

Abstract Health professionals are beginning to use yoga as a treatment modality. However, evidence explaining physical therapists’ integration of yoga in clinical practice is lacking. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore how, why, and with whom physical therapists integrate yoga into clinical practice. Design This study is a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected during a larger multi-methods study. Thematic analysis of 13 interviews was conducted. Results Analysis indicated four themes, and six subthemes. Facilitating yoga in clinical practice and yoga training themes; including evaluation of outcomes, billing, terminology, and safety subthemes describe how physical therapists are using yoga in clinical practice. The perceived client outcomes theme, including physical and psychosocial outcomes explain why physical therapists use yoga in practice. The yoga with clinical populations theme addresses with whom physical therapists are using yoga. Conclusion Physical therapists are using yoga with individuals with various health conditions to improve their physical and mental health. Findings support the need for physical therapists to increase their assessment and documentation of functional outcomes associated with client’s yoga participation. Documentation could contribute to evidence-based literature related to how, why, and with whom physical therapists are using yoga. Documented outcomes could also provide rationale for yoga to receive classification as a reimbursable complementary and integrative health approach. Future research involving a larger, diverse sample (e.g., physical therapists with varying levels of education and yoga training) focused on how, why, and with whom physical therapists integrate yoga into clinical practice is recommended.
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity of Rat Hippocampal and Cortical Synapses and Control by Muscarinic Transmission

Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) was suggested in the late 1940s by Donald Hebb as a candidate mechanism for learning and memory in neuronal networks like those found in the central nervous system of mammals, but has been demonstrated experimentally only in the early 1970s (Bliss and L0m0, 1973). LTP of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in hippocampal dentate gyms granule cells was observed after high frequency stimulation (12-20 Hz) of perforant path fibers in anaesthetized rabbits. It was recognized quite early that coincident preand postsynaptic activity was crucial for successful induction of homosynaptic LTP (Gustafsson, et al., 1987). That LTP induction generally required activation of NMDA receptors became particularly intriguing after the characterization of the NMDA receptor channel as a coincidence detector of the transmitter glutamate and of postsynaptic depolarization that is required to remove a blocking M~~~ ion from the outer channel mouth. This coincidence detection allows association of different synaptic inputs by charge integration on the postsynaptic membrane after rapid spread of charge. It is now generally accepted that ca2+ influx through the NMDA receptor channel is crucial for induction of most forms of LTP, presumably because of a close functional coupling of NMDA receptor channels on dendritic spines to ca2+-dependent processes that are required for the expression of LTP (Regehr and Tank, 1990, Miiller and Connor, 1991, Perkel, et a]., 1993, Yuste and Denk, 1995). ca2+-influx through voltage activated ca2+-channels appears to contribute only to a much lesser extent (Koester and Sakmann, 1998, Sabatini, et al., 2002), but can be sufficient to induce LTP by high frequency stimulation (Grover and Teyler, 1990).
Resistance Minima in Magnetic Alloys

The existence of a magnetic impurity in a metal is known to yield a resistance minimum in the dilute limit, whereas the anomalous resistivity in concentrated alloys x ∿ 5% is the subject of recent research. A historical review of resistivity and magnetic susceptibility experiments is presented culminating with the determination of a well defined impurity magnetic moment. The Kondo effect of a lnT divergence in the resistivity of dilute alloys is discussed. A new divergence of the form ρ ∿ x2/T arising from coupled magnetic impurities is obtained at low temperatures, and correlated with recent measurements on layered compounds. The latter term yields a resistance minimum for ferromagnetic alignment of the impurity spins. Changes in the RKKY interaction induced by the Fermi surface topology allow for antiferromagnetic alignment in some cases where the resistivity minimum is absent. The influence of the magnetic impurity pairs on superconductivity is also discussed.
Hacia un diálogo crítico-solidario con la izquierda europea

El texto de Yann Moulier Boutang y Jerome Vidal titulado “De la colonialidad del poder al Imperio y vice-versa” (2006) abre un dialogo transnacional importante entre la perspectiva “poscolonial” latino/latinoamericana de la “colonialidad del poder” y la tendencia de la izquierda europea conocida como Multitudes, seguidoras del pensamiento de Antonio Negri y la tradicion italiana denominada “autonomia obrera”. Hasta el momento, la perspectiva de la colonialidad del poder ha sido victima del silenciamiento producido por la propia colonialidad/eurocentrismo que atraviesa a la izquierda a nivel mundial. El texto de Boutang y Vidal constituye un paso sumamente positivo al abrir un dialogo necesario e inminente. La siguiente es una breve lista de los puntos de coincidencia: 1) la importancia de una perspectiva global frente a aquellas perspectivas que se limitan a tomar como unidad de analisis epistemologico el Estado-nacion; 2) la critica a los nacionalismos no solo como perspectiva epistemica sino tambien como perspectiva politica; 3) la critica a la perspectiva “soberanista” y “estatista” que privilegia la “toma del poder” desde el Estado-nacion como “solucion” al capitalismo global en detrimento de las luchas que pasan por encima y por debajo del Estado nacional; 4) la importancia de la geopolitica del conocimiento o los saberes situados subalternos como punto de partida para una critica epistemologica a los saberes e ideologias hegemonicas; 5) la articulacion entre la lucha contra la explotacion del trabajo con otras luchas contra la opresion y la dominacion (racial, sexual, de genero, etc.); 6) el apoyo a la necesidad de una lucha por la descolonizacion del mundo en el siglo XXI, entendida de forma mas radical y mas amplia que la lucha descolonizadora del siglo XIX y XX, donde la descolonizacion epistemologica ocupa un lugar privilegiado.
Transferring Know-How from the U.S. to the Central Mediterranean Basin in Search of a New Public-Private Healthcare Business Model

Public-private partnerships can have a particular impact on sectors where a public service needs to be sustained by the best available professional and technological knowledge in a condition of scarce resources. The growing trend of international-patient mobility suggests, the opportunity to create new forms of partnerships and other methods of collaboration in order to promote mobility toward centers of excellence that are able to attract new patients from culturally-and geographically-proximal countries. The case study refers to a successful experience that, beside specific achievements, has important implications for new international partnership models. A qualitative methodology is adopted to discuss issues concerning the relationships with the stakeholders, the transfer of technical knowledge in international partnerships, and the multinational management
Abbreviated case report

Abstract A case of Ludwig's angina exhibiting the classic signs described by Ludwig in 1836 is reported. Massive bilateral involvement of the submandibular, submental, and sublingual spaces by a boardlike, nonfluctuant swelling which can progress rapidly to the point of making tracheostomy a lifesaving necessity is typical of this infection. A review of the literature reveals that, fortunately, the occurrence of Ludwig's angina has become very rare with the advent and proper use of antibiotics and aggressive therapy.
Service Encounter Emotional Value

ABSTRACT A model is developed that identifies individual and dyadic antecedents and outcomes for a construct we have named service encounter emotional value (SEEVal). Service encounter emotional value is defined as the net emotional value the customer experiences added to the net emotional value the service provider employee experiences. Individual cognitive and affective antecedents are identified. Emotional dyadic antecedents are identified and include rapport, emotional contagion, co-production of emotional labor, and relationship quality. The customer outcomes associated with SEEVal broadly include satisfaction, loyalty, and customer voluntary performance. Service employee outcomes include satisfaction, organizational loyalty, and organizational citizenship behaviors. We use existing research to logically support the model and the relationships therein. Fourteen propositions are developed and additional suggestions for future research are provided.
The transcriptional co-activator p/CIP binds CBP and mediates nuclear-receptor function

The functionally conserved proteins CBP and p300 act in conjunction with other factors to activate transcription of DNA. A new factor, p/CIP, has been discovered that is present in the cell as a complex with CBP and is required for transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors and other CBP/p300-dependent transcription factors. The highly related nuclear-receptor co-activator protein NCoA-1 is also specifically required for ligand-dependent activation of genes by nuclear receptors. p/CIP, NCoA-1 and CBP all contain related leucine-rich charged helical interaction motifs that are required for receptor-specific mechanisms of gene activation, and allow the selective inhibition of distinct signal-transduction pathways.
One-dimensional ordering on the {Mo}/{Si(100)} interface

Abstract Submonolayer deposition of Mo on Si( 100) below 650°C leads to two surface phases which exhibit short range ( ∼ 25 A) order in one dimension only. The resulting surface was previously thought to be amorphous, but tunneling microscopy reveals the locally ordered character of the system.
Sulfur Oxidation by the Iron Bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans

Margalith, P. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), Marvin Silver, and D. G. Lundgren. Sulfur oxidation by the iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. J. Bacteriol. 92:1706-1709. 1966.-Sulfur and iron oxidation has been studied manometrically by use of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans grown on either elemental sulfur or ferrous iron as the primary energy source. The iron-oxidizing enzyme was shown to be constitutive, since iron was oxidized as rapidly by sulfur-grown cells as by iron-grown cells. Sulfur-grown cells had a better capacity for oxidizing sulfur than did iron-grown cells; however, no lag in oxidation was seen in either case. The sulfur-oxidizing system was not inducible, and it is suggested that the different oxidative capacities are due to the heterogeneous mixture of cell types in the culture population.
Who’s the Boss? The Economic and Behavioral Implications of Various Characterizations of the Superior in Participative Budgeting Experiments

In most organizations, budgets are important mechanisms for planning and control and for motivating subordinate performance. Accordingly, budgeting is one of the most extensively studied topics in managerial accounting. We analyze previous research by first classifying studies according to their characterization of the superior which we label Homo Economicus, Homo Optimas and Homo Vivas. Homo Economicus is a rational economic agent who accepts all budgets because it is in her best interest to do so. Homo Optimas employs the optimal hurdle-rate contract. Finally, Homo Vivas is an experimental participant whose role depends on the decisions she is allowed to make as determined by the experimental design. We explore the economic and behavioral implications of each type of superior for the interpretation of extant research and we provide directions for future research in participative budgeting.
The trials, tribulations, and thrills of setting up and operating a one-person computer job shop for calculating magnetics fields and other sundry things

A brief history of job shops since the caveman era is surveyed, and the essential elements of a job shop are found to be: to earn your living performing a useful service, or creating a useful object, for your contemporaries. The complexities of setting up a computer job shop are described. Inspection of a symbolic floor plan of the shop shows a Program Development, Installation, and Repair Lab that operates with the well-known pitfalls and traps that occur when a real live person interacts with a large, stupid computer. The Output Assembly and Analysis Lab is the holding area where up to N projects are worked on simultaneously. On the main floor of the shop resides the program load modules, some of which are described in detail. Separate from the main shop area is the Remote Job Entry Lab, affectionately called the Physics Group Zoo. The creatures that dwell there are also described to illustrate the difficulty in data preparation and job submission. In spite of all these adversities, the thrill of solving complex problems makes it all worthwhile.
Charge Effects on the Fibril-Forming Peptide KTVIIE: A Two-Dimensional Replica Exchange Simulation Study

The assembly of peptides into ordered nanostructures is increasingly recognized as both a bioengineering tool for generating new materials and a critical aspect of aggregation processes that underlie neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. There is a major problem in understanding how extremely subtle sequence changes can lead to profound and often unexpected differences in self-assembly behavior. To better delineate the complex interplay of different microscopic driving forces in such cases, we develop a methodology to quantify and compare the propensity of different peptide sequences to form small oligomers during early self-assembly stages. This umbrella-sampling replica exchange molecular dynamics method performs a replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation along peptide association reaction coordinates using umbrella restraints. With this method, we study a set of sequence-similar peptides that differ in net charge: K+TVIIE−, K+TVIIE, and +K+TVIIE. Interestingly, experiments show that only the monovalent peptide, K+TVIIE, forms fibrils, whereas the others do not. We examine dimer, trimer, and tetramer formation processes of these peptides, and compute high-accuracy potential of mean force association curves. The potential of mean forces recapitulate a higher stability and equilibrium constant of the fibril-forming peptide, similar to experiment, but reveal that entropic contributions to association free energies can play a surprisingly significant role. The simulations also show behavior reminiscent of experimental aggregate polymorphism, revealed in multiple stable conformational states and association pathways. Our results suggest that sequence changes can have significant effects on self-assembly through not only direct peptide-peptide interactions but conformational entropies and degeneracies as well.
Quantifying Immune Response to Influenza Virus Infection via Multivariate Nonlinear ODE Models with Partially Observed State Variables and Time-Varying Parameters

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection continues to be a global health threat, as evidenced by the outbreak of the novel A/California/7/2009 IAV strain. Previous flu vaccines have proven less effective than hoped for emerging IAV strains, indicating a more thorough understanding of immune responses to primary infection is needed. One issue is the difficulty in directly measuring many key parameters and variables of the immune response. To address these issues, we considered a comprehensive workflow for statistical inference for ordinary differential question (ODE) models with partially observed variables and time-varying parameters, including identifiability analysis, two-stage and NLS estimation, model selection, etc. In particular, we proposed a novel one-step method to verify parameter identifiability and formulate estimating equations simultaneously. Thus, the pseudo-LS method can now deal with general ODE models with partially observed state variables for the first time. Using this workflow, we verified the relative significance of various immune factors to virus control, including target epithelial cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CD8+) cells, and IAV specific antibodies (IgG and IgM). Factors other than cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) killing contributed the most to the loss of infected epithelial cells, though the effects of CTL are still significant. IgM antibody was found to be the major contributor to neutralization of free infectious viral particles. Also, the maximum viral load, which correlates well with mortality, was found to depend more on viral replication rates than infectivity. In contrast to current hypotheses, the results obtained via our methods suggest that IgM antibody and viral replication rates may be worth of further explorations in vaccine development.
Italian Renaissance and Japanese Zen Gardens: An Approach for Introducing Cultural Landscapes.

Abstract This paper outlines a method for teaching about cultural landscapes in introductory geography classes by contrasting the Renaissance gardens of Italy with the Zen gardens of Japan. The ordered, symmetrical, formal arrangement of the Renaissance gardens are compared to the Zen gardens where landscape features appear to be completely natural. By contrasting these two garden traditions—their physical characteristics, their paths of diffusion, and the world views they express—it is possible to illustrate how cultural landscapes develop and persist in areas as a result of differing combinations of physical, social, and cultural circumstances.
Nonlinear dynamics and pattern formation in turbulent wake transition

Results are reported on direct numerical simulations of transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional states due to secondary instability in the wake of a circular cylinder. These calculations quantify the nonlinear response of the system to three-dimensional perturbations near threshold for the two separate linear instabilities of the wake: mode A and mode B. The objectives are to classify the nonlinear form of the bifurcation to mode A and mode B and to identify the conditions under which the wake evolves to periodic, quasi-periodic, or chaotic states with respect to changes in spanwise dimension and Reynolds number. The onset of mode A is shown to occur through a subcritical bifurcation that causes a reduction in the primary oscillation frequency of the wake at saturation. In contrast, the onset of mode B occurs through a supercritical bifurcation with no frequency shift near threshold. Simulations of the three-dimensional wake for fixed Reynolds number and increasing spanwise dimension show that large systems evolve to a state of spatiotemporal chaos, and suggest that three-dimensionality in the wake leads to irregular states and fast transition to turbulence at Reynolds numbers just beyond the onset of the secondary instability. A key feature of these ‘turbulent’ states is the competition between self-excited, three-dimensional instability modes (global modes) in the mode A wavenumber band. These instability modes produce irregular spatiotemporal patterns and large-scale ‘spot-like’ disturbances in the wake during the breakdown of the regular mode A pattern. Simulations at higher Reynolds number show that long-wavelength interactions modulate fluctuating forces and cause variations in phase along the span of the cylinder that reduce the fluctuating amplitude of lift and drag. Results of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations are presented for a range of Reynolds number from about 10 up to 1000.
The Uranian magnetopause - Lessons from earth

Magnetic field measurements by Voyager 2 reveal differences between the Uranian magnetopause and the typical terrestrial magnetopause. In particular there are pulsations in the magnetic field at Uranus which may represent partial crossings of the magnetopause, the entry into magnetic flux ropes or the passage through mirror mode waves. Examination of terrestrial data, especially those obtained under conditions of very high plasma beta, suggests that the last possibility is the more likely. The magnetopause crossing itself is also different than those typically observed at 1 AU. It contains a magnetic field rotation of over 270 deg. While this is rare at 1 AU, an example has been found at earth where the field rotation is also greater than 270 deg. In some aspects these crossings resemble slow shocks. This also occurred at a time of high plasma beta. Thus it is concluded that plasma beta is very important in determining the structure of the magnetopause.
Totally bounded topological group topologies on the integers

We generalize an argument of W.W. Comfort, F.J. Trigos-Arrieta and T.S. Wu [Fund. Math. 143 (1993) 119–136] showing that if there is a non-trivial sequence converging to the identity in a locally compact Abelian group G, then A:={λ∈G :λ(xn)→1} is a locally μ-null subgroup of the character group G of G, where μ denotes Haar measure on G. Using a result of the same authors we show the existence of families A and B of dense subgroups of T≃Z such that: (i) |A|=|B|=2c; (ii) each A∈A and each B∈B is algebraically isomorphic to the free Abelian group ⊕cZ; (iii) the spaces 〈Z,τA〉 (A∈A) are pairwise non-homeomorphic, and the spaces 〈Z,τB〉 (B∈B) are pairwise non-homeomorphic (by τX we denote the weakest topology making all elements of X continuous); (iv) each group 〈Z,τA〉 (A∈A) has a non-trivial convergent sequence; and (v) every convergent sequence of 〈Z,τB〉 (B∈B) is trivial.
A self-management program for disruptive adolescents in the school: A clinical replication analysis

A self-management program based on behavior analysis principles and procedures was developed to assist middle school students who were having adjustment-discipline problems. The middle school where the research was conducted utilized an assertive discipline program in which violations of the school rules resulted in after-school detention. The program was conducted for 3 consecutive school years with a total of 103 students participating. Multiple baseline and clinical replication analyses of the data indicate that the vast majority of the students reduced their level of disruptive behavior after participation. Follow-up data for periods of as long as 2 years showed continued lower levels of detentions. The results are discussed as they relate to the design and implementation of programs for young adolescents who are having adjustment difficulties.
Comparison of Zeatin Indoleacetate with Zeatin and Indoleacetic Acid in the Tobacco Bioassay

Zeatin indole-3-acetate, 6-[4-(indole-3-acetoxy)-3-methyl-trans-2-butenylamino]purine, is at least as effective as zeatin on a molar basis in satisfying the cytokinin requirement for growth and bud formation in tobacco bioassays. It is less effective than indole-3-acetic acid and is needed as a variable function of the cytokinin concentration for satisfying the optimal requirement of an auxin. Comparisons of the types of growth and yield of tissue obtained with serial concentration of the ester and with equimolar mixtures of its free base and acid indicate that the relative requirement for auxin changes with the concentration of cytokinin and is related to the types of callus growth and differentiation which occur. The results also suggest that the ester serves as a source of auxin only after modification, presumably by hydrolysis to indoleacetic acid.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoparticle Self-Assembly at a Liquid−Liquid Interface

We have used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the in situ self-assembly of modified hydrocarbon nanoparticles (mean diameter of 1.2 nm) at a water-trichloroethylene (TCE) interface. The nanoparticles were first distributed randomly in the water phase. The MD simulation shows the in situ formation of nanoparticle clusters and the migration of both single particles and clusters from the water phase to the trichloroethylene phase, possibly due to the hydrophobic nature of the nanoparticles. Eventually, the single nanoparticles or clusters equilibrate at the water-TCE interface, and the surrounding liquid molecules pack randomly when in contact with the nanoparticle surfaces. In addition, the simulations show that the water-TCE interfacial thickness analyzed from density profiles is influenced by the presence of nanoparticles either near or in contact with the interface but is independent of the number of nanoparticles present. The nanoparticles, water molecules, and TCE molecules all exhibit diffusion anisotropy.
The effect of protein intake on maximum urine and renal tissue water-solute concentrations in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethica osoyoosensis, Lord).

Abstract 1. 1. The muskrat kidney possesses a well-developed inner medullary zone, but lacks fornices and secondary pyramids. 2. 2. The hydropenic muskrat achieves a urine osmotic ceiling that is three times higher than that of the plasma. 3. 3. The urine osmotic ceiling is not changed by variations in protein intake. 4. 4. The hydropenic muskrat establishes a large urea gradient in its kidney, but this gradient is not affected by changes in protein intake. 5. 5. These studies support the hypothesis that the inner zone is needed to establish a urea gradient in the medulla and the fornices and secondary pyramids are necessary to enhance the gradient.
Demonstration of dual-tripler broadband third-harmonic generation and implications for OMEGA and the NIF

The dual-tripler scheme for enhancing the bandwidth of third-harmonic generation, proposed by Eimerl et al., has been experimentally demonstrated for the conversion of 1054- nm radiation to 351 nm. The results are in excellent agreement with theory and show that the spacing between the triplers must be carefully controlled. Designs are given for the addition of a second tripler to OMEGA and the NIF. An approximately threefold increase in bandwidth is predicted for both laser systems.
Improved chronostratigraphic reference curve of late Neogene seawater 87Sr/86Sr

We present a reference curve of seawater 87 Sr/ 86 Sr variation through the past 7 m.y. based on 455 samples of planktonic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 758 in the Indian Ocean. This single-site curve is superior to extant curves because of several features: (1) a continuous sedimentary section free of disturbances; (2) a well-determined and precise chronostratigraphy that is calibrated to numeric age on the basis of continuous magnetostratigraphy and a refined astronomical time scale; (3) a high temporal resolution (sample interval averages 15 ka); (4) an improved analytical reproducibility; and (5) a uniformly high sample quality. The gross structure of the Site 758 curve is generally similar to that observed in previous work, but the increased temporal resolution and decreased analytical scatter of the curve provide improved chronostratigraphic resolution. At the 95% confidence level, uncertainties on age estimates range from ±0.60 m.y. in the lower Pleistocene and upper Miocene to ±2.03 m.y. in the middle Pliocene. Moreover, this detailed record identifies two periods of steplike increases in seawater 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (6.10 to 5.80 Ma and 1.46 to 1.13 Ma) that are characterized by rates of change of ∼150 × 10 −6 /m.y. These features, if verified at other sites, indicate abrupt changes in the Sr mass balance of the ocean and may be used as precise event markers in late Neogene marine sections.
Multiple-role realism: A theoretical framework for the process of planning to combine career and family roles

Abstract The desire of many young women to become fully involved in both career and family roles is now a well-known phenomenon. Trends in womens' plans for a multiple-role life-style are considered, with the identification of a hopeful, overly optimistic quality characterizing such plans as well as the existence of more thoughtful planning. The construct multiple-role realism is introduced as a theoretical framework that can extend the understanding of the process of multiple-role planning and of individual differences in the development of career and family plans. Evidence supporting the theoretical formulations of multiple-role realism is reviewed. Implications for future research and interventions that follow from the proposed model are discussed.
Structuring Engineering Design Courses to Motivate Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of motivation in engineering design courses. In this study we present a structured approach to identify motivational gaps and instructional design to explicitly address motivational needs in a current course in mechanical engineering design. The SUCCESS framework (Hardre, 2009) has been proposed to assess the existing motivational components of the course, examine gaps in the course relative to its goals, and then propose motivating strategies to address those gaps. This paper presents the model and course description, along with the process and products of the analysis of the course to improve motivation for engagement and innovation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effects of keratin filament disruption on exocrine pancreas-stimulated secretion and susceptibility to injury.

Abstract Disruption or absence of hepatocyte keratins 8 and 18 is associated with chronic hepatitis, marked hepatocyte fragility, and a significant predisposition to stress-induced liver injury. In contrast, pancreatic keratin disruption in transgenic mice that express keratin 18 Arg89 → Cys (K18C) is not associated with an obvious pancreatic pathology. We compared the effects of keratin filament disruption on pancreatic acini or acinar cell viability, and on cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated secretion, in transgenic mice that overexpress wild-type keratin 18 and harbor normal extended keratin filaments (TG2) and K18C mice. We also compared the response of these mice to pancreatitis induced by a choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet or by caerulein. Despite extensive cytoplasmic keratin filament disruption, the apicolateral keratin filament bundles appear intact in the acinar pancreas of K18C mice, as determined ultrastructurally and by light microscopy. No significant pancreatitis-associated histologic, serologic, or F-actin/keratin apicolateral redistribution differences were noted between TG2 and K18C mice. Acinar cell viability and yield after collagenase digestion were lower in K18C than in TG2 mice, but the yields of intact acini and their 125I-CCK uptake and responses to CCK-stimulated secretion were similar. Our results indicate that keratin filament reorganization is a normal physiologic response to pancreatic cell injury, but an intact keratin cytoplasmic filament network is not as essential in protection from cell injury as in the liver. These findings raise the possibility that the abundant apicolateral acinar keratin filaments, which are not as evident in hepatocytes, may play the cytoprotective role that is seen in liver and other tissues. Alternatively, identical keratins may function differently in different tissues.
Seed Bank Variation under Contrasting Site Quality Conditions in Mixed Oak Forests of Southeastern Ohio, USA

Seed bank composition was sampled in 192–2.5 <path id="x6D" d="M797 0h-214v26q46 5 58 17.5t12 63.5v167q0 116 -88 116q-48 0 -112 -52q3 -18 3 -42v-195q0 -46 11 -58t53 -17v-26h-214v26q48 5 59.5 17t11.5 60v172q0 115 -88 115q-47 0 -109 -52v-235q0 -47 10 -59.5t48 -17.5v-26h-211v26q50 5 62.5 17t12.5 60v207q0 48 -9 59.5 t-52 18.5v23q79 14 139 41v-81q3 2 29 20.5t44 29.5q45 28 81 28t66 -22t46 -61q25 20 83 57q39 26 76 26q59 0 93 -40t34 -113v-193q0 -49 10.5 -60.5t54.5 -16.5v-26z" /> quadrats, established in six regenerating clearcut ( 7 years) and six second-growth ( 125 years) mixed-oak forest stands in southeastern Ohio. Seed bank and aboveground composition diverged markedly (Sorensen's coefficient <path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5 t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" /> <path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /> ) higher in clearcut stands, suggesting declining richness with stand age. Richness estimations 28%–60% higher than observed values demonstrated high seed bank heterogeneity, emphasizing the need for intensive sampling to assess temperate forest seed bank variation. Site quality (topographic aspect) strongly influenced seed bank composition, with greater importance of early-successional trees, thicket-forming shrubs, and nonnative species on mesic sites. Thus, forest seed banks are likely to play an important, site-dependent role in shaping competitive environments for commercially important timber species after harvesting and soil disturbance and have the potential for marked influence on postharvest forest development.
James's Gothic in THE TURN OF THE SCREW

In Henry James's The Turn of the Screw, there is a line about doubt and vision—two deeply connected themes in the text—that brings in a particularly gothic image worthy of more intense analysis. Th...
Lekhnitskii's classic formula serving as an exact mode shape of simply supported polar orthotropic inhomogeneous circular plates

The semi-inverse problem of free vibration of simply supported inhomogeneous polar orthotropic plates is studied. The mode shape is postulated in the form of the classic formula by Lekhnitskii, namely, the static deflection of the associated uniform polar orthotropic circular plate under uniform loading. The ratios of the circumferential rigidity to the radial rigidity are identified as integer numbers, so that the candidate mode shapes constitute the polynomial functions. The flexural rigidities themselves are also represented by polynomials. The semi-inverse problem of identifying the coefficients of the flexural rigidities is solved analytically. It appears remarkable, that for numerous cases the simple method developed in this study provides novel closed form solutions for the design of the polar orthotropic circular plates with pre-specified mode shapes.
ADSORPTION AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCEDURES FOR THE SEPARATION OF CARRIER- FREE INDIUM FROM CADMIUM

Abstract Procedures are given for the rapid separation of tracer quantities of indium from macro amounts of cadmium by adsorption and extraction techniques. The indium is adsorbed on to glass, paper, or cellulose ester fibres from ammoniacal solution and is extracted from buffered acetate solutions by 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform.
Beneficial effect of dexamethasone in decreasing the lethality of acute T-2 toxicosis.

Abstract 1. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents were evaluated for effectiveness for treatment of acute T-2 toxicosis in mice. 2. Non-steroidal agents, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and acetylsalicylic acid, either were ineffective, or potentiated the lethality of T-2 toxin. 3. Of the anti-inflammatory steroids tested, dexamethasone was the most effective. 4. Dexamethasone was administered before, at the same time as, or after injection of T-2 toxin. 5. As the time between toxin exposure and treatment was increased, there was a corresponding increase in lethality. 6. In conclusion, steroidal, but not non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents were effective in decreasing T-2 toxin-induced lethality.
Wireless Video Streaming with Collaborative Admission Control for Home Networks

Limited bandwidth and high packet loss pose a serious challenge for video streaming over wireless networks. Even when packet loss in the medium is not present, the fluctuating available bandwidth due to varying number of active flows in a network causes problem for video streaming applications. In this paper, we propose to employ a novel admission control together with a rate-distortion optimized framework to maintain reasonable qualities for multiple concurrent video streams. In particular, we formulate an optimization problem to allocate the optimal transmission rates for each layered video streams jointly with the MAC protocol of a slightly modified 802.11x network. We show the hardness results of the optimization problem under various conditions. Furthermore, we show that a simple greedy layer-allocation algorithm is typically not optimal, although it can approximate the solution reasonably well under certain assumptions.
A study of carbon tetrachloride: IV. Esterase distribution in liver and sera of rats exposed to CCl4 vapors☆

Abstract The paper electrophoretic patterns of normal rat sera contain a single band of esterase activity. The sera of rats exposed to CCl4 exhibit two new areas of esterase activity. When normal rat serum is mixed with normal rat liver an electrophoretic pattern of esterase activity is obtained which is consistent with that found in the sera of CCl4-exposed rats. Thus the release of liver enzymes into the blood stream appears capable of producing electrophoretic patterns containing multiple areas of esterase activity such as those found in CCl4-exposed rats.