cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Religion and culture In psychiatry: Christian and secular psychiatric theory and practice in the United States

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes religious and cultural aspects of professional (ethno)psychiatric theory and practice in the United States by focusing on two categories of professional “ethnopsychiatrists”: Christian and secular psychiatrists. The chapter explains the “core clinical functions” of psychiatry, such as help-seeking, the cultural construction of illness and clinical realities, the hermeneutic nature of clinical encounters, and the logic of therapeutic modalities. The means by which patients find their way to Christian psychiatrists are not wholly dissimilar to those of other psychiatrists. Two forms of sickness in the Christian tradition, divorce and homosexuality, seem at first to distinguish this group of healers. Divorce, however, is considered by secular psychiatry to be a stressful event. Homosexuality, considered a sin and, as such, both an illness and a disease in the Christian tradition, has only recently been perceived very differently by secular psychiatry. In earlier times, there has been a practice that homosexuals have to go to the mental health industry for “cures.” This chapter summarizes that “Christian psychiatrists” do not attempt to force their views upon or proselytize their non-religious or non-Christian patients.
A New Conceptual Context for the Sacramentality of Marriage

The traditional understanding of the sacramentality of marriage, introduced by Augustine, systematized by the medieval scholastics, and still central to Catholic institutional thought, has in recent years been criticized as being internally incoherent and externally counterfactual. These difficulties may be perceived within the frame of reference provided by Thomas Kuhn to be anomalies such as those that can be expected to appear during a transition from normal science to a new paradigm for explaining the data once satisfactorily accounted for by that science. A new paradigm or conceptual frame of reference is proposed for the sacramentality of marriage, and evidence is presented that this new paradigm is in fact emerging in the theological literature on marriage. The reader is cautioned, however, that the emerging paradigm of marriage's sacrmentality is not what it is usually thought to be.
Percentile blobs for image similarity

We present a new algorithm called PBSIM for computing image similarity, based upon a novel method of extracting bloblike features from images. In tests on a classification task using a data set of over 1000 images, PBSIM shows significantly higher accuracy than algorithms based upon color histograms, as well as previously reported results for another approach based upon bloblike features.
Gas Turbines Axial Compressor NDE by Eddy Current Probes to Detect Corrosion Pitting

Corrosion Pitting is a failure mode that appears in several cases in which there is a combination of Gas Turbines poor Inlet Filtration system (or wrong maintenance of it) and a particularly aggressive environment, characterized by presence of sulfides and chlorides. The corrosion pitting spots can cause crack initiation on the axial compressor blades and, with operation, go on propagating by HCF failure mechanism. This paper describes the application of a new type of Eddy Current probe, suitable to detect those very small spots on the first stage blades, avoiding to disassembly the gas turbine casings, in the very early stage of the corrosion phenomena. A specific experience on some LNG plants is reported.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The Physiological Role of Relaxin in the Pregnant Rat. I. The Influence of Relaxin on Parturition

Length of gestation, duration of labor and delivery, and fetal survival were determined in control intact pregnant rats (group C). Pregnant rats were bilaterally ovariectomized on day 9 and given progesterone (P) implants and, in addition, one of the following injection regimens; estrogen (E; group OPE), E and porcine relaxin (R; group OPER), or porcine R (group OPR). Hormone treatments were given in doses designed to produce serum levels of these hormones similar to those observed in intact pregnant rats. The P implants were removed during the evening of day 21 to mimic the decline in serum P levels that normally occurs as a result of luteolysis. Animals in groups OPE and OPR exhibited significantly prolonged gestation, prolonged duration of labor and delivery, and reduced fetal survival compared with controls. Group OPER animals exhibited slightly but not significantly shorter length of gestation, similar duration of labor and delivery, and similar rate of fetal survival compared to control values. Grou...
Clean technologies: implementation and technology transfer challenges

Clean Technologies generally refer to: technologies that optimize use of resources (water, energy, land), minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future economic and social societal needs. Thus, implementation of such technologies and associated challenges are of considerable interest from environmental, economic, and long-term societal view points. New technology implementation or technology transfer refers to the process by which science and technology are transferred from one individual or group to another that incorporates this new technology into a new or improved process, product, system or way of doing something (Martyniuk et al. 2003). The diffusion of technology occurs through different channels and involves various market agents such as private vendors, customers, consultants and other firms, as well as public technology centers, government laboratories and universities (Lile and Toman 1997).
Nudges or mandates? The ethics of mandatory flu vaccination

According to the CDC report for the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was a modest increase in the vaccination coverage rate among healthcare workers from 67% in 2011-2012, to 72% in 2012-2013 to the current 75% coverage. This is still far from reaching the US National Healthy People 2020 goal of 90% hospitals vaccination rates. The reported increase in coverage is attributed to the growing number of healthcare facilities with vaccination requirements with average rates of 96.5%. However, a few other public health interventions stir so much controversy and debate as vaccination mandates. The opposition stems from the belief that a mandatory flu shot policy violates an individual right to refuse unwanted treatment. This article outlines the historic push to achieve higher vaccination rates among healthcare professionals and a number of ethical issues arising from attempts to implement vaccination mandates. It then turns to a review of cognitive biases relevant in the context of decisions about influenza vaccination (omission bias, ambiguity aversion, present bias etc.) The article suggests that a successful strategy for policy-makers and others hoping to increase vaccination rates is to design a "choice architecture" that influences behavior of healthcare professionals without foreclosing other options. Nudges incentivize vaccinations and help better align vaccination intentions with near-term actions.
Multi-Threaded Simics SystemC Virtual Platform

The functional simulator Simics provides a co-simulation integration path with a SystemC simulation environment to create Virtual Platforms. With increasing complexity of the SystemC models, this platform suffers from performance degradation due to the single threaded nature of the integrated Virtual Platform. In this paper, we present a multi-threaded Simics SystemC platform solution that significantly improves performance over the existing single threaded solution. The two schedulers run independently, only communicating in a thread safe manner through a message interface. Simics based logging and check-pointing are preserved within SystemC and tied to the corresponding Simics' APIs for a seamless experience. The solution also scales to multiple SystemC models within the platform, each running its own thread with an instantiation of the SystemC kernel. A second multi-cell solution is proposed providing comparable performance with the multi-thread solution, but reducing the burden of integration on the SystemC model. Empirical data is presented showing performance gains over the legacy single threaded solution.
North African dust export and deposition: A satellite and model perspective

[1] We use a suite of satellite observations (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar With Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)) to investigate the processes of long-range transport of dust represented in the global GEOS-Chem model in 2006–2008. A multiyear mean of African dust transport is developed and used to test the representation of the variability in the model. We find that both MODIS and MISR correlate well with the majority of Aerosol Robotic Network observations in the region (r> 0.8). However, MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) appears to be biased low (>0.05) relative to MISR in Saharan regions during summer. We find that GEOS-Chem captures much of the variability in AOD when compared with MISR and MODIS (r> 0.6) and represents the vertical structure in aerosol extinction over outflow regions well when compared to CALIOP. Including a realistic representation of the submicron-size distribution of dust reduces simulated AOD by ∼25% over North Africa and improves agreement with observations. The lifetime of the simulated dust is typically a few days (25%–50%) shorter than inferred from MODIS observations, suggesting overvigorous wet removal, confirmed by comparison with rain rate observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. The simulation captures the seasonality of deposition in Florida and the observed magnitude and variability of dust concentrations at Barbados from 2006 to 2008 (r = 0.74), indicating a good simulation of the impacts of North African dust on air quality in North America. We estimate that 218 ± 48 Tg of dust is annually deposited into the Atlantic and calculate a lower estimate for the dust deposited in the Caribbean and Amazon to be 26 ± 5 Tg yr−1 and 17 ± 5 Tg yr−1, respectively. This suggests that the dust deposition in the Amazon derived from satellites may be an upper limit.
SNARE protein degradation upon platelet activation: calpain cleaves SNAP-23.

In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of platelet granule secretion, we evaluated the effect of activation-induced degranulation on three functional platelet SNARE proteins, SNAP-23, VAMP-3, and syntaxin 4. Initial studies showed that SNAP-23 is lost upon SFLLRN-induced platelet activation. Experiments with permeabilized platelets demonstrated that proteolysis of SNAP-23 was Ca(2+)-dependent. Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis of SNAP-23 was inhibited by the cell-permeable calpain inhibitors, calpeptin and E-64d, as well as by the naturally occurring calpain inhibitor, calpastatin. In addition, purified calpain cleaved SNAP-23 in permeabilized platelets in a dose-dependent manner. In intact platelets, calpeptin prevented SFLLRN-induced degradation of SNAP-23. In contrast, calpeptin did not prevent SFLLRN-induced degradation of VAMP-3 and syntaxin 4 did not undergo substantial proteolysis following platelet activation. Calpain-induced cleavage of SNAP-23 was a late event occurring between 2.5 and 5 min following exposure of permeabilized platelets to Ca(2+). Experiments evaluating platelet alpha-granule secretion demonstrated that incubation of permeabilized platelets with 10 microM Ca(2+) prior to exposure to ATP inhibited ATP-dependent alpha-granule secretion from permeabilized platelets. SNAP-23 was cleaved under these conditions. Incubation of permeabilized platelets with either calpeptin or calpastatin prevented Ca(2+)-mediated degradation of SNAP-23 and reversed Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of ATP-dependent alpha-granule secretion. Thus, activation of calpain prior to secretion results in loss of SNAP-23 and inhibits alpha-granule secretion. These studies suggest a mechanism whereby calpain activation serves to localize platelet secretion to areas of thrombus formation.
Quantitation and significance of horizontal cardiac motion in M mode and two dimensional echocardiography

Abstract Cardiac structures are continuously moving during the cardiac cycle so that constantly changing acoustical interfaces are being recorded by the theoretically static echographic beam. The characteristic movement of the base of the heart toward the apex in systole appears as horizontal motion when imaged in two dimensional echocardiographic parasternal long axis views. The quantitative characteristics of horizontal motion were studied in 50 control patients, 25 patients with decreased cardiac output, 20 with volume overload and 10 with pericardial effusion. The angle of cardiac shift at the aorto-interventricular septal junction was 8 ± 2 ° (mean ± standard deviation) in control patients, and this change constituted 21 ± 6 percent of the area within the arc containing the standard M mode information. Horizontal shifts were decreased in patients with decreased cardiac output (4 ± 2 °; p With use of the concept of horizontal motion, the interventricular septal hinge point was noted to be in the area of the membranous interventricular septum, rather than at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the interventricular septum in 80 percent of normal subjects, 72 percent of patients with decreased cardiac output, 60 percent of those with pericardial effusion, 52 percent of those with left-sided volume overload and 40 percent of those with right-sided volume overload. The concept of horizontal cardiac motion was also pertinent to the interpretation of aortic valve opening, the transposition of aortic root information to apparent left ventricular outflow tract level, one form of pseudosystolic anterior mitral motion, abnormal left atrial echoes, echoes mimicking flail posterior mitral leaflet and interpretation of left atrial wall motion at the left atrial-left ventricular junction. In conclusion, horizontal cardiac motion is a significant physiologic phenomenon of potential clinical importance. It causes important changes in the echographic recording of acoustical information.
The role of climate in increasing salt loads in dryland rivers

Abstract Dryland river systems are becoming saltier, severely degrading the quality of water used for agriculture and limiting its domestic use. In this context, it is becoming important to understand how the sources and abundances of salts in these river systems will respond to increasingly arid climates. Using the Rio Grande in the Southwest U.S. as an example dryland river system, we show that changes in climate over the last century are closely linked to variations in salt chemistry and therefore salt sources. Starting ∼25 years ago there has been a shift toward more Cl-rich surface waters in the Rio Grande. This shift may reflect a tipping point in the relative influence of anthropogenic activities on the overall surface water budget. Climate change is accelerating this transition through the loss of rain and snow in the headwaters region, resulting in a loss of connectivity of surface flow in the upper and lower sections of the river. The implication of this relationship for dryland rivers is that salt chemistry and sources are likely to become more heterogeneous in the future, reflecting more localized natural (inflow of groundwater) and anthropogenic (waste and industrial effluents, irrigation returns) influences.
Cellulase in the cockroach, with special reference to Periplaneta americana (L).

Abstract Cellulase occurs in the American cockroach and originates in two foci: the salivary glands and the lumen of the midgut and caeca. The salivary glands are the only tissue of the alimentary tract to secrete cellulase, whereas the microflora generates it in the gut. There was no evidence that the gut tissue produced cellulase in Byrsotria fumigata, Leucophaea maderae , or Blaberus discoidalis , as reported by others. In these species the enzyme is also produced by the salivary glands and the micro-organisms of the gut. The enzyme was present also in the gut of Blaberus craniifer and relatively weak in the salivary glands as in B. discoidalis and B. giganteus . The content of cellulase was very low in the faeces of young larvae but increased with age. In the adult the distribution of the enzyme changed and its concentration increased following emergence. Starvation reduced the enzyme content of the faeces and feeding restored it; but the quality of the diet was more important than its caloric value in promoting it. Males excrete more cellulase than females. Although females on a complete diet consume additional cellulose in the form of filter paper, whereas males do not, this does not seem to affect the excretion of cellulase. Production of the enzyme was greatly enhanced when antibiotics were fed and possible causes for this are considered.
An adaptive stabilization strategy for enhanced strain methods in non‐linear elasticity

This paper proposes and analyzes an adaptive stabilization strategy for enhanced strain (ES) methods applied to quasistatic non-linear elasticity problems. The approach is formulated for any type of enhancements or material models, and it is distinguished by the fact that the stabilization term is solution dependent. The stabilization strategy is first constructed for general linearized elasticity problems, and then extended to the non-linear elastic regime via an incremental variational principle. A heuristic choice of the stabilization parameters is proposed, which in the numerical examples proved to provide stable approximations for a large range of deformations, different problems and material models. We also provide explicit lower bounds for the stabilization parameters that guarantee that the method will be stable. These are not advocated, since they are generally larger than the ones based on heuristics, and hence prone to deteriorate the locking-free behavior of ES methods. Numerical examples with two different non-linear elastic models in thin geometries and incompressible situations show that the method remains stable and locking free over a large range of deformations. Finally, the method is strongly based on earlier developments for discontinuous Galerkin methods, and hence throughout the paper we offer a perspective about the similarities between the two.
Generation of random network models with periodic boundary conditions

Abstract We have investigated a novel procedure for the generation of tetrahedral random network models compatible with periodic boundary conditions. Data for a sequence of such models is presented and critically examined.
Effect of Mapharsen on Bromsulphalein Retention in Normal Dogs.

SummaryFifty-nine per cent of 17 normal dogs developed an abnormal liver function after a single injection of 60 mg of Mapharsen. The dye retention occurred irrespective of dosage over a range of 2.7 to 9.1 mg/kg of body weight. Dogs showing hepatic dysfunction from an initial injection of Mapharsen, subsequently showed less dye retention or a complete return to normal on 2 subsequent injections. Dogs having a normal bromsulphalein retention after one injection of Mapharsen also showed a normal dye retention following two subsequent injections.
A comparison of the pharmacological activity in man of intravenously administered delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol.

Se hizo un estudio comparativo de la actividad delΔ9-tetrahidrocannabinol, cannabinol, y cannabidiol en producir efectos similares a la marihuana cuando son inyectados i.v. a humanos. Estas substancias son los componentes predominantes de la marihuana o del hashish. Se encontro que a las dosis inyectados cannabidiol no tiene ninguna potencia, y que cannabinol es capaz de producir efectos tipicos de la marihuana, aunque a dosis varias veces mas grandes que las delΔ9-tetrahidrocannabinol.
Simulation model of the planktivorous feeding of arctic grayling: laboratory and field verification

Interest in the feeding of planktivorous fish began in earnest with the awareness that their feeding could structure the body size and species composition of zooplankton communities (Hrbacek, 1962; Brooks & Dodson, 1965). There have been numerous studies subsequent to this work further demonstrating this capability (O’Brien, 1987; Paloheimo & Fulthorpe, 1987; Skoptsov & Kruppenikova, 1983; Spencer & King, 1984). Virtually all of these studies confirm that planktivorous fish focus their feeding on the larger prey present but the mechanism(s) involved in this size selective feeding is less clear (Eggers, 1977; Wright & O’Brien, 1984).
Pragmatism: An Old Name for Some New Ways of Thinking?

William James was stuck. Facing the publication of Pragmatism in 1907, he had to decide whether to stress the novelty of his philosophy or its continuity with earlier ideas. James joked that pragmatism would launch "something quite like the protestant reformation" and predicted that it would be "the philosophy of the future." Yet he also believed that he and his fellow pragmatists were building on a foundation laid by philosophers from Socrates to the British empiricists. To soften the blow he was about to deliver, James dedicated Pragmatism to the memory of the venerated John Stuart Mill and added the subtitle A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, hoping that such a pedigree might restrain those inclined to denounce his progeny. As my inversion of James's subtitle suggests, a historian seeking to analyze and explain the current revival of pragmatism confronts the same question James faced: Have contemporary pragmatists resurrected the ideas of earlier thinkers or rejected everything but the name?' The return of pragmatism is something of a surprise. When David A. Hollinger recounted the career of pragmatism in the Journal of American History in 1980, he noted that pragmatism had all but vanished from American historiography during the previous three decades. In 1950, Hollinger recalled, Henry Steele Commager had proclaimed pragmatism "almost the official philosophy of America"; by 1980, in Hollinger's judgment, commentators on American culture had learned to get along just fine without it. "If pragmatism has a future," Hollinger concluded, "it will probably look very different from its past, and the two may not even share a name." Yet pragmatism today is not only alive and
The effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of prostaglandin E2 by cultured human decidual cells

Abstract Objective: We hypothesized that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) diminish production of PGE2 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultured human decidual cells. Study design: Decidual cells from six women undergoing elective cesarean delivery without labor at term were cultured to confluence and incubated with LPS (10ng/mL) with and without IL-4 and IL-10 (10ng/mL) and the supernatant assayed for PGE2. Results: PGE2 concentration in non-treated cells (NT) was 16,693±8991pg/mL and in cells incubated with IL-4 alone was 13,490±5729pg/mL, not statistically different from that of the NT cells. Incubation with LPS increased PGE2 concentration (32,540±18,795pg/mL) compared to NT cells ( p =0.02). PGE2 concentration in cells co-incubated with IL-4 and LPS (8975±5249pg/mL) was lower than in the LPS-alone group ( p =0.005). PGE2 concentration in cells co-incubated with IL-10 and LPS was 29,644±25,085pg/mL, not different from the LPS-alone group. Conclusions: IL-4 reduced LPS-stimulated PGE2 production in decidual cells while IL-10 did not. IL-4 is a potential immunomodulatory agent in decidual inflammation.
A new accelerator mass spectrometry system for -quantification of biochemical samples

Abstract A compact accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system that meets our requirements for 14 C -quantification of biochemical samples is described. The spectrometer occupies approximately 5 m2 of floor space and can measure >300 samples per day with 3% precision. A long diffuse gas cell is used to destroy interfering molecules and to charge exchange injected negative ions. System sensitivity is 14 C /mg carbon on milligram-sized samples with a dynamic range that extends over 4 orders magnitude. All components, with the exception of the ion source, are commercially available and the system operates reliably with low maintenance.
Thermodynamic properties of the Cu−Sn and Cu−Au systems by mass spectrometry

The activities and partial molar heats of mixing have been determined in the liquid Cu−Sn system at 1320°C and the liquid Cu−Au system at 1460°C. The experimental technique consisted of the analysis of Knudsen cell effusates with a T.O.F. mass spectrometer. The ion current ratio for the alloy components was measured for each system over a range of temperature and composition and the thermodynamic values calculated by a modified Gibbs-Duhem equation. Both systems exhibited negative deviations from ideal behavior. The results can be partially represented by the equations $$\begin{gathered} \log \gamma _{Cu} = - 0.0175x^2 _{Sn} - 0.302 (0 \leqslant x_{Cu} \leqslant 0.20) \hfill \\ log \gamma _{Sn} = - 0.342x^2 _{Cu} + 1.084(0 \leqslant x_{Sn} \leqslant 0.20) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ for the Cu−Sn system at 1320°C and by $$\begin{gathered} \log \gamma _{Cu} = - 0.703x^2 _{Au} - 0.083(0 \leqslant x_{Cu} \leqslant 0.52) \hfill \\ \log \gamma _{Au} = - 1.057x^2 _{Cu} + 0.098(0 \leqslant x_{Au} \leqslant 0.47) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ for the Cu−Au system at 1460°C.
Some Methods for Respecifying Measurement Models to Obtain Unidimensional Construct Measurement

Lack of unidimensionality in structural equation models most often represents misspecification. The authors review the necessary conditions for unidimensional measurement of constructs. Two methods...
The impact of citizenship on labour process: state, capital and labour control in South China

Sweatshops remain scattered around southern China where scholars have explored the despotic nature of labour control. However, an anomalous case of factory regime was found in Hengfa, a handbag manufacturing factory. This article studies workers’ voluntary and hard-working attitude toward work, the institutional arrangement that organizes such workers’ interests, as well as the broader context that generates workers’ consent toward these institutional arrangements. First, the residential-working compound of Hengfa and the dormitory curfew have shaped the labour process into a game pursuing leisure time outside of the factory. Second, China’s household registration system (hukou) has determined inner-migrant workers’ residential status, making them rely on entrance guards and curfew as a protection for personal safety, and therefore has constructed the workers’ consent toward the curfew. Based on this analysis, a particular type of state-capital interrelation and its effect on the labour process can be found.
Photoinduced formation of thin-film structures in titanium alkoxides via direct deposition from solution and from spin-coated solid-state precursor films

The photoinduced formation of thin film structures from a Ti-alkoxide precursor (OPy)2Ti(TAP)2, where OPy = OC6H6N, TAP = OC6H2[CH2N(CH3)2]3-2,4,6, was demonstrated via direct deposition from a pyridine-based solution and by optical illumination of a solid-state spin-coated thin film of the compound. Photopatterned physical relief structures were produced using both of these deposition methods and feature sizes as small as ∼1 μm were readily achieved. Surface investigations of the material’s nanostructure revealed that films photo-deposited from solution exhibited nanometer-scale surface roughness with evenly distributed surface porosity (∼10 nm sized pores) while films produced through the illumination of spin-coated thin films exhibited, in comparison, a reduction in surface roughness. Vibrational spectra were compared with the results of quantum chemical computations (density-functional theory) of potential photoproducts in an attempt to identify and distinguish the dominant structural groups resulting from the optical processing of each precursor form (i.e., solution versus solid-state). It was determined that ultraviolet irradiation for both thin-film formation techniques resulted in a disruption of the ligand groups, facilitating the initiation of hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the films.
Dynamic Data: Corporate Governance and Auditors' Evaluation of Accounting Estimates

Corporate governance issues have grown more salient in light of alleged corporate accounting scandals and the subsequent enactment of the landmark Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (U.S. House of Representatives 2002). However, even in cases where no fraud has occurred and management is completely aboveboard, the role of various players in the corporate governance framework in maintaining a high‐quality financial reporting process cannot be overlooked. This case presents facts surrounding the valuation of inventory at Dynamic Data, a high‐tech firm. You will be asked to consider, from an auditor's perspective, whether inventory should be carried at cost in light of changing market conditions. Further, you will be asked to consider the role, if any, that the Audit Committee and Board of Directors might play in the financial reporting process. Special consideration will also be given to examining the implications of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act in the audit process.
On “Gradualism” and the building of the harm reduction-abstinence continuum

This paper makes the case that a perspective called "Gradualism" could serve as a foundation for building a therapeutic continuum between the harm reduction and abstinence-oriented treatment worlds. In contrast to other integrationist writers (Denning, 2001; Marlatt, Blume, & Parks, 2001), this paper argues for the incorporation of abstinence into harm reduction approaches. The goal is to build on the strengths of both perspectives while reducing their weaknesses, and examples of each are provided. Lastly, with the frequent occurrence of relapse among addicted patients, building a continuum could also serve to provide a therapeutic "safety net" for those in need.
The impact of early DVD release on box office revenues

In recent years, film studios have accelerated the release of films on DVDs, prompting theatre owners to express concerns about the possible negative impact of the early release of DVDs on a film's box office revenues. This study examines the impact of releasing a film on DVD before the film ends its theatrical run. Based on a sample of the top 50 grossing films in the USA over the period 2001 to 2005, our results indicate that roughly a quarter of the films appear on DVD before exiting the theatres, and that studios release these films on DVD after they have been in the theatres for an average of 20 weeks. By delaying the DVD release until the twentieth week, studios minimize the impact on box office revenues, as the average films take in 95% of its total box office growth by the seventh week in distribution. Regression results indicate that an early DVD release reduces box office revenues by 46%, or $303 989, which represents an average of 0.21% of a film's total box office revenue.
Transport parameters in the human red cell membrane: solute-membrane interactions of amides and ureas.

Abstract We have studied the permeability of a series of hydrophilic amides and ureas through the red cell membrane by determining the three phenomenological coefficients which describe solute-membrane interaction: the hydraulic permeability ( L p ), the phenomenological permeability coefficient (ω i ) and the reflection coefficient (σ i ). In 55 experiments on nine solutes, we have determined that the reflection coefficient (after a small correction for solute permeation by membrane dissolution) is significantly less than 1.0 ( P t -test), which provides very strong evidence that solute and water fluxes are coupled as they cross the red cell membrane. It is proposed that the aqueous channel is a tripartite assembly, comprising H-bond exchange regions at both faces of the membrane, joined by a narrower sieve-specific region which crosses the lipid. The solutes bind to the H-bond exchange regions to exchange their solvation shell with the H-bonds of the channel; the existence of these regions is confirmed by the finding that the permeation of all the amides and ureas requires binding to well-characterized sites with K m values of 0.1–0.5 M. The sieve-specific regions provide the steric restraints which govern the passage of the solutes according to their size; their existence is shown by the findings that: (1) the reflection coefficient (actually the function [1 - corrected σ i ]) is linearly dependent upon the solute molecular diameter; and (2) the permeability coefficient is linearly dependent upon solute molar volume. These several observations, taken together, provide strong arguments which lead to the conclusion that the amides and urea cross the red cell membrane in an aqueous pore.
Causal coding and control for Markov chains

Abstract A Markov chain is controlled by a decision maker receiving his observations of the state via a noisy memoriless channel. That information is encoded causally. The encoder is assumed to have perfect channel feedback information. Separation results are derived and used to prove that encoding is useless for a class of symmetric channels. This paper extends the results of the authors (1983) by using methods similar to those of that paper.
A successful 15-year experience in double-dome tip surgery via endonasal approach: nuances and pitfalls.

Background Endonasal double-dome techniques provide a reliable method to approach the nasal tip. Objectives To review one surgeon's 15-year experience using a graduated method of endonasal double-dome tip surgery including patient selection, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative complications and to emphasize the nuances to achieve symmetry and consistent results. Patients and Methods Three hundred eighty-six patients who had adequate follow-up after undergoing endonasal double-dome tip rhinoplasty. Results Results at 1 year showed high rates of supratip (94%), dome (96%), and nostril (88%) symmetry. There was a high rate of patient satisfaction with a low rate of revision (7%). Conclusion Endonasal double-dome tip surgery provides the surgeon the ability to achieve consistent results with high patient satisfaction and a low rate of revision.
Chromosome changes in a secondary lymphoma

A case of probable secondary lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL), is described in which two chromosomal translocations were observed, i.e., t(10;19)(q11;q13) and t(1;6)(q21;p11.1-2). A consistent numerical aberration was monosomy of chromosome #21. Accumulation of more data on secondary lymphomas is necessary in order to reach a general conclusion as to whether or not there are any nonrandom chromosomal aberrations that differentiate primary from secondary lymphomas.
The projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to extrastriate visual association cortex in the macaque monkey.

Abstract Both autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase tracing techniques were used to characterize a projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate (DLG) nucleus of the thalamus to visual association cortex (extrastriate cortex) in the macaque monkey. The results show that medium to large caliber DLG axons end in discontinuous terminal ‘patches’ in layers V and lower IV of extrastriate cortex. There is a topographical organization to these projections which are mainly to area 19 and anterior 18 located on the lateral and medial surfaces of the hemisphere. Apparently there are no DLG projections to any of the cortical subdivisions located within the lunate and superior temporal sulci.
Baylis-Hillman mechanism: a new interpretation in aprotic solvents.

Using reaction rate data collected in aprotic solvents, we have determined that the Baylis−Hillman rate-determining step is second order in aldehyde and first order in DABCO and acrylate. On the basis of these data, we have proposed a new mechanism involving a hemiacetal intermediate. The proposed mechanism was then supported using two different kinetic isotope experiments.
Transnational corporations, the neo-liberal agenda and regional integration: Establishing a policy framework

Transnational corporations (TNCs) are currently viewed in Latin America and the Caribbean (Latin America) as important channels for the transfer of technology and finance, as well as mechanisms to facilitate access to foreign markets. This new attitude towards foreign capital can be considered a component of the neo-liberal policy agenda-based on privatization, deregulation and trade liberalizationthat has been adopted by most countries in the region. In a parallel development, there has been a renewed interest for regional arrangements in the Western Hemisphere. In this paper, we discuss the impact of the neo-liberal agenda, as well as of the “new regionalism,” on the locational decisions of TNCs. While privatization and deregulation may foster additional Foreign Direct Investment-FDI (e.g., by eliminating barriers to entry in service industries), the impact of trade liberalization on FDI decisions is not as clear-cut. In theory, if the liberalization movement is credible, it may promote FDI in export-oriented industries, but it may also reduce the incentives for import-substituting investment in manufacturing. Membership in regional arrangements provides another policy dimension that may affect FDI decisions, particularly if one of the participants is an important source country of foreign capital. We argue that the neo-liberal agenda has promoted a revival of FDI flows into Latin America. Moreover, TNCs are currently making their locational decisions in ways that are broadly consistent with the economic environment fostered by the neo-liberal agenda. The impact of regional arrangements on FDI flows, however, remains an open question. The potential for investment diversion and the danger of “managed” trade initiatives in the context of regional arrangements cannot be dismissed. Nevertheless, we believe that the “new regionalism” can play a positive role in the ongoing economic reorganization of Latin America.
Searching for the Determinants of Climate Change Interest

A meaningful CO2 mitigation policy is unlikely at the national level in the United States. What is currently happening and what is much more likely to occur in the future are city and regional level efforts of mitigation and adaptation. This paper aims to understand the geographic and socioeconomic characteristics of metropolitan areas and regions that lead to engagement with the issue of climate change. We use geographically explicit, internet search data from Google to measure information seeking behavior, which we interpret as engagement, attention, and interest. Our spatial Hot Spot analysis creates a map that potentially could be harnessed by policymakers to gauge mitigation support or adaptation potential. The results of our multivariate analysis suggest that socioeconomic factors are the strongest determinants of search behavior and that climate and geography have little to no impact. With regard to political ideology, we find evidence of a nonlinear, inverse-U relationship with maximum search activity occurring in metropolitan areas with a near even political split, suggesting that parity may be good for engagement.
Addressing the Service Linkage Problem Increasing Substance Abuse Treatment Engagement Using Personalized Feedback Interventions in Heavy-Using Female Domestic Violence Shelter Residents

Two personalized substance abuse assessment and feedback interventions were tested for effectiveness in engaging female domestic violence shelter residents in sub-stance abuse treatment. One hundred forty-seven residents were assessed for quantity and frequency of substance use, negative consequences due to use, motivation to change substance use behavior, and psychopathological symptoms related to sub-stance abuse. Assessment identified (33) 22% of participants as heavy substance users. Twenty of the 33 heavy-using residents received one of two personalized sub-stance use feedback interventions: face-to-face feedback or written feedback placed in shelter mailboxes. Treatment engagement was defined as attending at least one substance abuse treatment session within 30 days after the intervention. Results showed a significant difference in treatment engagement rates in favor of the face-to-face feedback group (60% vs. 0%). The results provide preliminary data suggesting that substance abuse assessment can b...
Phage Trojan horses: a conditional expression system for lethal genes.

The EcoRI restriction enzyme (ENase) cleaves DNA molecules within the sequence GAATTC. Cells expressing this lethal activity normally make a second enzyme, the M.EcoRI methyltransferase (MTase), which protects their chromosomal DNA by modifying the EcoRI recognition sites. To isolate mutants of the EcoRI ENase, its gene was cloned into a filamentous phage vector (M13mp18) under control of the lac promoter. Normally, filamentous phages (M13, f1 and their derivatives) form turbid plaques by impairing the growth of their host cell without killing it. In contrast, phages expressing the EcoRI ENase kill the host cell, but survive long enough to produce plaques which are very clear. Expression of the M.EcoRI MTase rescues the host and restores turbid plaque formation. EcoRI ENase mutants were isolated by screening for mutants that make turbid, instead of clear, plaques on an M- host. This conditional expression system may be useful for cloning and mutating genes for other toxic proteins.
Horizontal bubbly flow with elbow restrictions: Interfacial area transport modeling

Abstract The present study develops an interfacial area transport equation applicable to an air–water horizontal bubbly flow, along which two types of horizontal elbows are installed as flow restrictions. Two sets of experiments are performed in a round glass tube of 50.3 mm inner diameter. Along the test section, a 90-degree elbow is installed at L / D = 206.6 from the two-phase mixture inlet and then a 45-degree elbow is installed at L / D = 353.5. In total, 15 different flow conditions in the bubbly flow regime for each of the two flow restriction experiments are studied. Detailed local two-phase flow parameters are acquired by a double-sensor conductivity probe at four different axial locations in the 90-degree experiment and three different axial locations in the 45-degree experiment. The effect of the elbows is found to be evident in the distribution of local parameters as well as in the development of interfacial structures. It is clear that the elbows make an effect on the bubble interactions resulting in significant changes to both the void fraction and interfacial area concentration. In the present analysis, the interfacial area transport equation is developed in one-dimensional form via area averaging. In the averaging process, characteristic non-uniform distributions of the flow parameters in horizontal two-phase flow are treated mathematically through a distribution parameter. The mechanistic models for the major bubble interaction phenomena developed in vertical flow analysis are employed in the present study. Furthermore, the change in pressure due to the minor loss of an elbow is taken into consideration by using a newly developed correlation analogous to Lockhart and Martinelli's. In total, 105 area-averaged data points are employed to benchmark the present model. The present model predicts the data relatively well with an average percent difference of approximately ±20%.
Race and relative income/price of time effects on U.S. fertility

Abstract In an earlier paper, a model developed by the author found strong evidence of both “relative income” and “price of time” effects in aggregate U.S. fertility data for 20–24 year olds. This paper examines data from the same source (aggregations of Current Population Survey microdata, prepared by the author), separately for African-Americans and whites, and establishes that—while the same model specification holds for both racial groups—there are considerable differences between the races in terms of elasticities. Relative income (young males' average earnings relative to couples' material aspirations) and the female wage are found to exert strong effects on the fertility of both racial groups, but the elasticities with respect to male earnings and the female wage for African-Americans are roughly half the size of those for whites. In addition, there is strong evidence of an underlying positive time trend in African-American fertility.
Subunit localizations of zinc(II) in DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli B.

RNA Polymerase holoenzyme and core enzyme from Escherichia coli B have been shown to contain two zinc ions. Flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy of the isolated cote subunits indicated that one zinc ion is localized on the β subunit and the other is bound on the β′ subunit. Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy showed that prolonged dialysis of the metalloenzyme against 0.01 M o-phenanthroline resulted in the removal of both zinc(II) ions with accompanying loss of enzymatic activity. The activity of the apoenzyme was observed to be completely restored by readdition of zinc(II) and partially restored by cobalt(II).
SU-GG-T-20: Dosimetric Analysis and Comparison of Cesium-131 and Iodine-125 for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy

Purpose: To perform a dosimetric analysis and comparison of Cesium‐131 and Iodine‐125 for permanent prostate brachytherapy.Method and Materials:TRUS prostate volume studies of 30 patients treated in our institution with a wide range of prostate size were included in this study. The average gland size was 31.13cc (from 15.22cc to 51.49cc). Treatment plans were generated using Variseed 7.1 with both Cesium‐131 (with an activity of 2.1U, prescription of 115 Gy) and Iodine‐125 (with an activity of 0.521U, prescription of 145 Gy). Prostate, rectum, urethra were contoured by the same radiation oncologist. The Auto Source Placement tool of the software was first used to create treatment plans for both Cesium‐131 and Iodine‐125. The plans were then adjusted to meet the treatment goals and achieve the same dose coverage (V100, V90, D90) of the prostate for both isotopes. The dose to the prostate (V100, V90, V80, D90), rectum (RV100, RD10), urethra (UD10), and dose inhomogeneity (V150, V200) were reported. Results: For 30 patients, the average of V100, V90, V80, D90 for the prostate was 98.58%, 99.46%, 99.95%, 134.7 Gy and 98.49%, 99.57%, 99.87%, 170.4 Gy for Cesium‐131 and Iodine‐125 respectively. V200 and V150 of prostate were 22.06%, 49.20% for Cesium‐131, and 22.57%, 51.38% for Iodine. UD10 and RD10 were 81.17%, 127.79% of the prescription for Cesium‐131, and 82.58%, 129.44% of the prescription for Iodine. There was a decrease of 27.5% rectum RV100 (0.24cc for Cesium, and 0.33 for Iodine, with a p‐value of 0.05) when planning for Cesium‐131 as compared to Iodine‐125. Conclusion: Cesium‐131 prostate brachytherapy can provide a homogeneous dose distribution, dose coverage compared with Iodine‐125 seeds implant, while reducing the overall dose to the rectum. Large volume of patient studies is needed to validate this statement.