cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of pulsed plasmas for materials processing

Abstract Pulsed plasmas use much higher power during each pulse compared to continuously operated plasmas. This feature and the appearance of additional new variables such as pulse duty cycle can lead to new, flexible, sometimes enabling processes for surface modification and thin film deposition, as discussed for plasma immersion ion processing, high power pulsed sputtering, thin film deposition with pulsed cathodic arcs and metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition. In all of these processes, transient sheaths are of great importance. The fundamentals of plasma sheaths are briefly reviewed. It is argued that the often-considered ion matrix sheath is only an educational case, whereas most realistic transient sheaths obey a time-dependent Child law. The recovery of pulsed sheaths is usually less considered than the formation of sheaths. If the pulse fall time normalized by the inverse ion plasma frequency is much greater than unity, sheath collapse can be simply described by a retreating Child law sheath. In the opposite case, electrons refill the ion space charge and complete recovery of the boundary layer is determined by ambipolar diffusion from the bulk plasma. The case of high power pulsed sputtering is discussed in greater detail, especially the appearance of a kink in the current–voltage characteristic, which changes its slope for current densities exceeding approximately 600 mA/cm 2 . It is suggested that high pulse power opens the possibility that self-sputtering can occur during each pulse, especially for target materials of high sputter yield. The necessary condition for self-sputtering is αβγ >1, where α , β and γ are the ionization probability, ion return probability and sputter yield, respectively.
Yin Yang 1 and Adipogenic Gene Network Expression in Longissimus Muscle of Beef Cattle in Response to Nutritional Management

Among 36 differentially-expressed genes during growth in longissimus muscle (LM) of Angus steers, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) had the most relationships with other genes including some associated with adipocyte differentiation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritional management on mRNA expression of YY1 along with its targets genes PPARG, GTF2B, KAT2B, IGFBP5 and STAT5B. Longissimus from Angus and Angus × Simmental steers (7 total/treatment) on early weaning plus high-starch (EWS), normal weaning plus starch creep feeding (NWS), or normal weaning without starch creep feeding (NWN) was biopsied at 0, 96, and 240 days on treatments. Results suggest that YY1 does not exert control of adipogenesis in LM, and its expression is not sensitive to weaning age. Among the YY1-related genes, EWS led to greater IGFBP5 during growing and finishing phases. Pro-adipogenic transcriptional regulation was detected in EWS due to greater PPARG and VDR at 96 and 240 d vs. 0 d. GTF2B and KAT2B expression was lower in response to NWS and EWS than NWN, and was most pronounced at 240 d. The increase in PPARG and GTF2B expression between 96 and 240 d underscored the existence of a molecular programming mechanism that was sensitive to age and dietary starch. Such response partly explains the greater carcass fat deposition observed in response to NWS.
High algal production rates achieved in a shallow outdoor flume

A mass culture of Tetraselmis suecica grown in seawater enriched with only inorganic nutrients and CO(2) in a shallow outdoor flume containing foil arrays to effect systematic vertical mixing achieved average daily production rates of over 40 g ash-free dry wt (AFDW)/m(2) over periods as long as one month when grown on a three-day dilution cycle. Photosynthetic efficiencies associated with these high production rates averaged 8-11% based on visible irradiance. Operation of the system in a one-, two-, or four-day dilution cycle resulted in lower photosynthetic efficiencies of 6-7%. A remarkable feature of the three-day dilution cycle results was the fact that production on the third day after dilution averaged 60-70 g AFDW/m(2), and corresponding photosynthetic efficiencies averaged 13-19%. The high production rates and photosynthetic efficiencies achieved on the third day after dilution may have reflected the nonequilibrium nature of the production cycle and, in particular, the fact that the adaptation of the cells to changing light condition lagged behind light condition in the culture.
Evidence for interbasin flow through bedrock in the southeastern Sierra Nevada

A combination of three independent lines of evidence (hydrogeological, geochemical, and isotopic) suggests that as much as 3.7 × 10 7 m 3 per year of interbasin flow may occur through faulted and fractured bedrock in the southern Sierra Nevada. The proposed interbasin flow path is through fractured Sierran bedrock from the Kern River drainage basin (which supplies recharge to the San Joaquin Valley to the west) into the southwestern Indian Wells Valley, a desert basin that is east of the Sierra. The interbasin flow produces an amount of recharge that significantly increases the ground-water budget for the desert valley. The interbasin flow is identified by aquifer flux values much higher than local recharge and by ground water that has geochemical and isotopic signatures that differ from the local recharge. Interbasin flow that crosses topographic watershed divides has been identified in fractured carbonate aquifers in the southwestern United States. However, igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Basin and Range province are generally considered to be flow barriers, and watershed boundaries are usually delineated by topography. In this study we present an example in which recharge appears to be transported between adjacent watersheds through the fractured bedrock of an extensional area in the southern Sierra. If confirmed, this example shows that igneous and metamorphic rocks may not always act as barriers to ground-water flow in extensional tectonic regimes.
Cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic consequences of combined administration of verapamil and propranolol in dogs

Abstract Verapamil and propranolol, alone and in combination, were given intravenously to anesthetized dogs to analyze the interaction between drug-induced cardiovascular effects and the resulting changes in pharmacokinetics. Dosing regimens were used that produced steady state plasma levels of both drugs, and the observed effects were clearly related to the plasma concentrations of the agents. When given alone, at stable “therapeutic” levels in plasma, verapamil or propranolol decreased spontaneous heart rate, increased atrioventricular conduction time, and had opposite effects on cardiac output. At the same doses, the combined infusion of the 2 drugs rapidly resulted in profound depression in cardiac function; in addition, plasma concentrations of both agents increased into ranges associated with cardiovascular toxicity. When verapamil doses were reduced, combined infusion with propranolol decreased atrioventricular conduction and cardiac output, but drug plasma concentrations (and associated effects) remained stable. When reduced doses of propranolol were added to infusion of verapamil, similar effects on cardiovascular function occurred, but plasma drug levels increased progressively throughout the remainder of the study period. In all combinations studied, β blockade with propranolol decreased liver plasma flow and, therefore, the systemic clearance of verapamil. The in vitro effects of propranolol on verapamil metabolism were small, although significant, and not clinically relevant. These acute studies suggest that the hemodynamic effects resulting from verapamil and propranolol in combination may significantly diminish clearance of 1 or both drugs, thereby resulting in accumulation during continued administration, increased drug effects with increasing plasma concentrations, and potentially lethal drug toxicity.
Two-phase model and the Johnson vacuum in one dimension

The authors discuss the relevant vacuum fluctuations in a two-phase model of the light baryons, in one dimension. It is shown that the limiting procedure in which the quark phase is shrunk to zero size is problematic within a naive chiral bag formulation. To circumvent these difficulties, a cutoff-dependent chiral bag model is constructed, using Johnson's description of the vacuum state in two-dimensional QCD. The resulting picture is shown to interpolate continuously between bagged QCD/sub 2/ and a sine-Gordon model. Pertinent conclusions for three dimensions are sketched. 8 references, 5 figures.
License analysis on e‐journal perpetual access of library

This poster presents preliminary findings of a content analysis of 72 e-journal licenses in terms of perpetual access clauses. This study explored whether perpetual access clauses varied among commercial publishers, society publishers and university presses, whether clauses changed over time, and whether differences existed between consortia and site licenses. Findings showed that the licenses from commercial publisher were more likely to provide perpetual access than licenses from other two types of publishers. We observed an increasing trend in providing perpetual access over time. Consortia licenses were more likely to depend on third-party to obtain perpetual access than site licenses. This study can be helpful for libraries to understand the institutionalization of perpetual access clause in e-journal licenses.
Gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: pilot study of potential transarterial chemoembolization response biomarkers

Abstract Purpose To perform a feasibility study to explore the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma genetics and transarterial chemoembolization treatment response to identify potential biomarkers associated with enhanced treatment efficacy. Materials and Methods In this single-institution study, pretreatment hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy specimens for tumors in 19 patients (14 men, five women; mean age, 59 y) treated with chemoembolization between 2007 and 2013 were analyzed for a panel of 60 chemotherapy-sensitivity, hypoxia, mitosis, and inflammatory genes with the QuantiGene Plex 2.0 mRNA detection assay. Demographic, disease, and procedure data and tumor response outcomes were collected. Quantitative mRNA levels were compared based on radiologic response between tumors exhibiting complete response (CR) versus partial response (PR). Results The study sample included 19 biopsy specimens from tumors (mean size, 3.0 cm; grade 1, n=6; grade 2, n=9; grade 3, n=4) in patients treated with a mean of two conventional chemoembolization sessions. Thirteen and six tumors exhibited CR and PR, respectively, at a mean of 116 days after treatment. Tumors with CR showed a significant increase in ( P P ATF4 , BAX , CCNE1 , KIF11 , NFX1 , PPP3CA , SNX1 , TOP2A , and TOP2B ) gene mRNA expression compared with tumors with PR, in addition to lower CXCL10 levels (0.48-fold), and had significantly ( P VEGFA levels. Conclusions Genetic signatures may allow prechemoembolization stratification of tumor response probability, and gene analysis may therefore offer an opportunity to personalize locoregional therapy by enhancing treatment modality allocation. Further corroboration of identified markers and exploration of their respective predictive capacity thresholds is necessary.
An Analysis of Dynamic Crack Propagation and Arrest in a Nuclear Pressure Vessel Under Thermal Shock Conditions

The inner wall of a nuclear pressure vessel can become embrittled during service due to irradiation effects. As a result, a small flaw could become critical during the thermal shock that would accompany a loss-of-coolant-accident. To assess the consequences of this possibility, elastodynamic computations were performed on the subsequent rapid unstable crack run-arrest events. One difficulty is the lack of reliable dynamic fracture toughness data as a function of crack speed and temperature. However, using plausible estimates, computational results were obtained for comparison with conventional quasi-static analyses. These indicate that the neglect of the dynamic effects is mildly anti-conservative for this application.
Totipotency and embryogenesis in plant cell and tissue cultures.

An important development in the field of plant cell and tissue culture has been the demonstration in the past decade of the totipotency of higher plant cells. Isolated single cells were first successfully grown on a nurse tissue separated by a filter paper and gave rise to a callus tissue. Later, completely isolated single cells of tobacco were grown in microchambers to form small clumps of cells which then could be differentiated to form adult tobacco plants. Indirect evidence of the totipotency of higher plant cells has also been provided in a number of other plants. Embryo-like structures (or embryoids) or whole plants, or both, have been obtained from such highly differentiated cells as the pollen grains (gametic and haploid), photosynthetic palisade cells in leaves, epidermal cells from the hypocytyl, and the triploid endosperm cells; all of these cell types perform very highly specialized functions in the plant. Plant protoplasts (cell wall is digested with enzymes) have also been cultured to give rise to normal adult plants. In many instances embryoids have been produced in vitro from several species of flowering plants which do not show such asexual activity in nature. These embryoids are normally indistinguishable morphologically from embryos produced by gametic fusion, often follow the same pattern of cell divisions and differentiation as the developing zygote, and are economically important as they provide clonal populations. Early work in this area emphasized the necessity of dissociating tissues into single cells and providing a nutritional environment identical to that of the zygote in the embryo sac (usually by supplementing the medium with liquid endosperm from coconuts), before the cells could be released morphogenetically to express their totipotency by forming embryoids. Much of the recent work, however, has shown that perfect development of embryoids can be obtained in completely synthetic media in callus tissues as well as in suspension cultures.
Model Ziegler−Natta Polymerization Catalysts Fabricated by Reactions of Mg Metal and TiCl4: Film Structure, Composition, and Deposition Kinetics

The film structure, composition, and deposition kinetics of model Ziegler−Natta polymerization catalysts produced by chemical vapor deposition have been studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Redox reactions of metallic Mg and TiCl4 deposited from the vapor phase on a Au substrate produce the model catalysts composed of titanium chloride and magnesium chloride (TiClx/MgCl2). The low solubility of TiClx in MgCl2 leads to the formation of a TiClx monolayer on top of MgCl2 multilayers characteristic of the supported catalysts. The TiCl4/Mg flux ratio during the deposition controls the oxidation state distribution and surface coverage of TiClx species of the deposited film. The conversion of Mg to MgCl2 is completed in the codeposition process while it is incomplete in the sequential deposition process due to a kinetic barrier for chlorine diffusion. Upon heating the sequentially deposited film, the surface TiClx (T...
Isolation of a sequence-specific endonuclease (BamI) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H.

A restriction endonuclease has been isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H (strain RUB500). The enzyme, Bam I, cleaves adenovirus-2 DNA at three sites, phase λ DNA at five sites, λ p lac DNA at four sites, 80 pt DNA at 14 sites, and 3T + DNA at four sites. However, it does not cleave DNA from bacteriophage SPO2, 105 or 29.
An investigation of salesperson appearance and organizational identification

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship that exists, if any, between employee appearance and organizational identification in the context of apparel retail stores.Design/methodology/approach – Salespeople from a variety of apparel retail stores were interviewed using a semi‐structured technique.Findings – Salespeople's level of identification was related to the congruency they perceived to exist between their identity and store's identity. Those who identified with their employment organization felt uncomfortable when the apparel items they wore to work were inconsistent with the store's identity. Additionally, those who identified with their employment organization did not feel uncomfortable wearing apparel items from that store to engage in activities outside of work.Research limitations/implications – The study contributes to the body of literature on employee‐organization identification by providing evidence of a relationship between appearance and identification. Fut...
Wideband waveform optimization with energy detector receiver in cognitive radio

This paper investigates the transmitted waveform optimization issues for wideband cognitive radio with energy detector receiver. The motivation is to provide a cheap cognitive radio network with simple and cheap cognitive radio receivers. In cognitive radio, a spectral mask for the transmitted waveform is determined upon spectrum sensing, and arbitrary transmitted spectral shaping is required. Meanwhile, the interferences from primary radio should be notched at the secondary receivers. The contribution of this paper is to optimize the cognitive radio communication link by jointly considering the optimization objective, the spectral constraint at the transmitter and the interference cancellation at the receiver. The optimization objective considered here is to maximize captured signal energy within integration window. The optimization problem is formulated as the Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (QCQP), which is known as an NP-hard problem. However, after relaxation, QCQP can be solved by using Semidefinite Program (SDP) plus a randomized algorithm. In addition to SDP, a computationally-efficient iterative method is proposed to give the optimal solution for a special situation where the integrator only captures one sample as the decision statistic.
Studies of the Energy Dependence of p - O 16 Interactions between 20 and 50 MeV. II. Measurements of the Polarizations of Protons Elastically Scattered by O 16 at 24.5, 27.3, 30.1, 34.1, 36.8, and 39.7 MeV

The polarized proton beam from the UCLA sector-focused cyclotron has been to measure the angular dependence of the polarization in elastic scattering of protons from oxygen at mean proton energies of 24.5, 27.3, 30.1, 34.1, 36.8, and 39.7 MeV. The polarized proton beam was produced by scattering the internal beam from a carbon scatterer. The different proton energies were attained by varying the thickness of the carbon vane and by degrading the external proton beam, using aluminum degraders. A calibration of the beam polarization for the various scatterers was obtained in a separate experiment. A disc of ice 0.032 in. thick by 1.25 in. diam was used as an oxygen target. Four NaI(Tl) integral line detectors were placed two on each side of the incident beam so that protons scattered to the left and to the right at two different angles could be counted at the same time. A solenoid magnet capable of rotating the direction of polarization by \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} was used, allowing three independent measurements of the left-right asymmetry to be made at each angle. The data obtained for incident proton energies between 30 and 40 MeV exhibit a smooth energy behavior. The data at 24.5 and 27.3 MeV, however, suggest the presence of strong resonances which cause a drastic variation in the polarization angular distribution. A comparison with existing experimental data supports this explanation.
Pediatric sarcomas of the head and neck other than rhabdomyosarcoma

Abstract Introduction: The treatment of children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has been established in multicenter protocols. There are few data available regarding the treatment of other sarcomas in pediatric patients. Methods: From 1955 to 1988, a retrospective review of 33 children with sarcomas other than RMS of the head and neck was performed to identify prognostic factors and to determine optimal treatment. Grade, tumor size, and RMS grouping of the tumors were found to be of prognostic value. Results: Eighteen of 33 (54%) patients are currently disease free. Only 3 of 16 (19%) patients treated initially with surgery alone were rendered disease free. However, 6 patients were salvaged with an additional surgical procedure, yielding 9 of 16 (56%) patients disease free treated with surgery alone. Of patients receiving surgery plus radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, 7 of 14 (50%) have no evidence of disease. Conclusion: After salvage therapy, 5-year disease-free survival was 56% (15 of 27). Unlike rhabdomyosarcoma, complete surgical extirpation is the mainstay of treatment in pediatric sarcomas other than RMS of the head and neck. Adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy should be administered when complete resection is not possible.
A local one-electron operator for the generalized-overlap amplitudes

An approach to the N-electron behavior is presented which emphasizes the dynamics of an individual electron. The generalized overlap amplitudes (GOAS), although formally defined by an integration over the coordinates of N - 1 electrons, are, instead, resolved as a column vector, eigenfunction to a local one-electron differential operator. These amplitudes have no restrictions of linear independence between them, but each satisfies the one-electron boundary conditions at the nuclei and at large distances. The one-electron (or charge) density is the sum of the squares of the elements of the column. The energy density, a constant times the one-electron density, maintains this one-to-one relationship throughout modifications in total number of electrons or external potential, although the constant of proportionality, the total energy of the system, may change in the process. Indistinguishability of electrons and antisymmetry is always observed by the dynamics of each electron. A numerical example, the ground state of helium, is presented. 38 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Stacking fault energy and dynamic recovery: do they impact the indentation size effect?

Abstract Aluminum, a high stacking fault energy (SFE) material and α-brass, a low SFE material were tested for the indentation size effect (ISE) using a combination of microhardness (high load) and nanoindentation (low load). Four samples from each material were tested; annealed electropolished, annealed mechanically polished, work-hardened electropolished, and work-hardened mechanically polished. The micro and nano indentations were made using a Vickers and a Berkovitch diamond indenter tips with indentation loads between 0.1–3 (microindentations) and 10−4–10−2 N (nanoindentations), respectively. Based on areas measured using optical and scanning electron microscopy in addition to contact stiffness, it is found that the calculated nanohardness increases monotonically with decreasing load or depth of indentation. The work-hardened samples are harder than the annealed ones except for aluminum at shallow indents where it is not possible to distinguish between differences in hardness. All eight samples regardless of the SFE, rate and intensity of cross-slip and dislocation climbing rates (dynamic recovery), and level of prior work hardening of the material, explicitly exhibited an ISE. The magnitude of the ISE is not influenced by SFE, dynamic recovery, or prior level of work hardening. The data are found to behave linearly consistent with the Strain Gradient Plasticity model (SGP) for micro and deep nanoindentations; the shallow nanoindentation data deviated into a second linear behavior constituting what we term a ‘bilinear behavior’.
Persistent effects of brief stimuli interacting with the hyperpolarizing response

Abstract Application of a brief stimulus produces long-lasting changes in the transmembrane potential of a Limulus retinular cell when steady hyperpolarizing current is also being applied. The steady current holds the cell in one of two stable states, depending upon current strength. Any brief stimulus can trigger the cell from either state into the other for long periods of time, after which the cell returns to the pre-stimulus state. A sensitivity change is associated with the state change; this suggests that such activity might be a means of information storage.
SEED-COAT MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN COLLOMIA (POLEMONIACEAE)'

Seed-coat morphology of 14 species of Collomia (Polemoniaceae) was examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Two seed types were observed based on surface sulpturing: Type 1-hexagonal epidermal cells forming a shallow reticulum with well-defined cell boundaries; Type 2-longitudinally ridged and irregularly arranged crater-like depressions with inconspicuous cell boundaries. Only two species, C. debilis and C. larsenii of sect. Collomiastrum have seed-coat Type 1. Seed-coat Type 2 is characteristic of all species of sect. Collomia, sect. Courtoisia, and C. mazama, C. rawsoniana of sect. Collomiastrum. The present investigation reveals a fairly homogeneous seed-coat pattern in the genus and does not offer significant information for realignment of infrageneric classification. Anatomical studies with light microscopy show that a mucilaginous seed coat develops from the outermost layer of integument in which each epidermal cell develops spiral secondary wall thickenings. Mucilaginous seeds of most Collomia species probably provide adaptive significance in that adherence of seeds to ground prohibits further dispersal to unfavorable habitats, or epizoochoric dispersal. COLLOMIA NUTT. is a small genus of about 14 annual and perennial species in the family Polemoniaceae, and is distributed chiefly in west
"Tree Investigators": Supporting Families' Scientific Talk in an Arboretum with Mobile Computers.

This research examines the Tree Investigators project to support science learning with mobile devices during family public programmes in an arboretum. Using a case study methodology, researchers analysed video records of 10 families (25 people) using mobile technologies with naturalists at an arboretum to understand how mobile devices supported science talk related to tree biodiversity. The conceptual framework brings together research on technological supports for science learning and research on strategies that encourage families to engage in conversations that support observation and explanation practices. Findings suggested that families engaged in high levels of perceptual talk (describing and identifying) while using mobile computers. Commonly, families articulated scientific observations when supported by prompts, visuals, and scaffolds delivered by the mobile computers. Families struggled to make explanations about the biological importance of what they saw in relation to ecological principles; ho...
New high temperature infrared transmitting glasses

Abstract Glasses formed from silicon, arsenic and tellurium were found to have good infrared transmission from 1 to 20 μ and have high softening points(∼500°C). Absorption bands occur at 10, 14 and 20 μ. The optical properties of samples were maintained while being heated in the atmosphere up to temperatures as high as the softening point of the glass. The transmission of two high temperature glasses was found to increase with substitution of 5 atom percent antimony for silicon or arsenic. The index of refraction of the glasses determined from reflectivity measurements was found to vary from 2.4 to 3.5 depending upon composition. Some electrical measurements were made.
Investigation of laminar flow in microtubes with random rough surfaces

A new approach of numerically generating a microtube with three-dimensional random surface roughness is presented. In this approach, we combined a bi-cubic Coons patch with Gaussian distributed roughness heights. Two random roughness generation methods are studied. A computational fluid dynamic solver is used to solve the 3-D N–S equations for the flow through the generated rough microtubes with D = 50 μm and L = 100 μm. The effects of the peak roughness height, H, asperities spacing in the θ direction, S θ , and Z direction, S Z , standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution, σ, arithmetical mean roughness, R a, on the Poiseuille number, Po are investigated. It is found that when H/D < 5% the Po number can still be predicted by the conventional flow theory if the mean diameter of rough microtubes, D m, is used to be the hydraulic diameter D h. When H/D = 10%, the main flow is strongly affected by the roughness at Reynolds number Re = 1,500. The Po number increases with Re and deviates from the prediction up to 11.9%. The Po number does not change a lot with S θ and S Z because D m almost keeps constant when the spacing is changed. For the rough microtubes with different R a values, the Po numbers can be almost the same, which prove that only with the R a value we can not determine the friction in the rough microtube. The mean value μ, the maximum and minimum values of the random roughness are found to be critical to determine the Po number.
Chemical Treatment of Corroding Steel Reinforcement After Removal of Chloride-Contaminated Concrete

Abstract The increasing use of deicing salts on bridge decks has accelerated their deterioration due to chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement, which causes cracking and spalling. One method being considered as a possible corrosion abatement measure is the removal of chloride-contaminated concrete followed by chemical treatment of the partially exposed rebar through ponding and/or placement of chemically treated mortar. Several commercial and experimental corrosion inhibitors were evaluated in order to determine the most effective corrosion treatment when applied in conjunction with removal of chloride-contaminated concrete. The performances of the inhibitors were evaluated in an accelerated test program. Based on post-treatment electrochemical measurements, calcium-nitrite-based corrosion inhibitor was most effective when applied as a ponding and when placed in backfilled mortar. Several other inhibitors were also sufficiently effective and were recommended for further evaluation in large-scal...
Rhetorical synthesis and the discourse of Jack Kemp

One of the more intriguing politicians today is Jack Kemp whose rhetoric synthesizes images and arguments that appear to be contradictory. In his public discourse, Kemp proudly proclaims his staunch conservative supply‐side economics, while at the same time aggressively chastising his own Republican colleagues for failing to be the true progressive party of Lincoln. Kemp's rhetoric cannot be examined in isolation but should be seen as a part of a larger conversation focusing on the inability of traditional conservatism and traditional liberalism to meaningfully respond to the growing political fragmentation, deepening cynicism, and diminished sense of community in America today. Kemp's rhetorical synthesis provides one possible bridging mechanism that directly addresses these current problems.
Hanle-effect mean-life measurements on aligned fast ions.

Mean lives of several levels of the first two ionized states of argon were obtained by Hanle-effect measurements on the fast-beam particles, following coherent alignment of the magnetic substates by beam-foil interaction. The g factors of the levels were obtained by observation of quantum beats. Mean lives are compared with results of the usual beam-foil mean-life measurement technique. We show that the Hanle effect can sometimes clarify beam-foil results.
Beyond transplantation. Third annual Samuel Jason Mixter lecture.

It is an honor for me to present the Third Annual Samuel Jason Mixter Lecture before this distinguished audience. The subject of this report is the field of transplantation in its broadest definition: what has been achieved, and what may lie ahead. It is appropriate that this summary be presented in this forum, since many of the creative insights and innovations have come from New England surgeons. I will focus on a few of these contributions, but this in no way is intended to diminish the impact of the efforts of many others, both here in New England as well as in other centers in the United States and abroad. In simple terms, surgeons treat patients by taking things out, putting things in, or moving things around. Organ transplantation is an extreme form of reconstructive surgery, and involves replacing lost function by putting something in. After years of careful experimental
Mass/Heat Transfer in Rotating, Smooth, High-Aspect Ratio (4:1) Coolant Channels With Curved Walls

The paper presents an experimental study of heat/mass transfer coefficient in 4:1 aspect ratio smooth channels with non-uniform cross-sections. Curved leading and trailing edges are studied, for two curvatures of 9.06 m−1 (0.23 in−1 ) and 15.11 m−1 (0.384 in−1 ) and for two different curvature configurations. One configuration has curved walls with curvature corresponding to the blade profile (positive curvature on both leading and trailing walls), and the other configuration has leading and trailing walls that curve inwards into the coolant passage (negative curvature on the leading surface and positive curvature on the trailing surface). A detailed study at Re = 10,000 with rotation numbers in the range of 0–0.07 is undertaken for the two different curvature configurations. All experiments are done for a 90° passage-orientation with respect to the plane of rotation. The experiments are conducted in a rotating two-pass coolant channel facility using the naphthalene sublimation technique. Only the radially outward flow is considered for the present study. The span-wise mass transfer distributions of fully developed regions of the channel walls are also presented. The mass transfer data from the curved wall channels is compared to those from a smooth 4:1 rectangular duct with similar flow parameters. The local mass transfer data is analyzed mainly for the fully developed region, and area-averaged results are presented to delineate the effect of the rotation number. Heat transfer enhancement especially in the leading wall is seen for the lower curvature channels, and there is a subsequent reduction in the higher curvature channel, when compared to the 4:1 rectangular smooth channel. This indicates that an optimal channel wall curvature exists for which heat transfer is the highest.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Comproportionation of cationic and anionic tungsten complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to give the isolable 17-electron tungsten radical CpW(CO)2(IMes)(•).

A series consisting of a tungsten anion, radical and cation, supported by the N-heterocyclic carbene IMes (1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and spanning formal oxidation states W(0), W(I) and W(II), has been synthesized, isolated, and characterized. Reaction of the hydride CpW(CO)2(IMes)H with KH and 18 crown 6 gives the tungsten anion [CpW(CO)2(IMes)]-[K(18 crown 6)]+. The crystal structure of this complex shows that the K+ interacts not only with the oxygen atoms in the crown ether, but also with the carbonyl oxygens. The electrochemical oxidation of [CpW(CO)2(IMes)]- in acetonitrile is fully reversible (E½ = −1.65 V vs Cp2Fe+•/0) at all scan rates, indicating that CpW(CO)2(IMes)• is a persistent radical. Hydride transfer from CpW(CO)2(IMes)H to Ph3C+PF6 affords [cis-CpW(CO)2(IMes)(MeCN)]+PF6 . Comproportionation of [CpW(CO)2(IMes)]- with [CpW(CO)2(IMes)(MeCN)]+ gives the 17-electron tungsten radical CpW(CO)2(IMes)•. This complex shows paramagnetically shifted resonances in 1H NMR spectra and has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, low-temperature EPR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. CpW(CO)2(IMes)• is very stable with respect to disproportionation and dimerization. NMR studies of degenerate electron transfer between CpW(CO)2(IMes)• and [CpW(CO)2(IMes)]- are reported. DFT calculations were carried out on CpW(CO)2(IMes)H, as well as on related complexes bearing NHC ligands with N,N´ substituents Me [CpW(CO)2(IMe)H] or H [CpW(CO)2(IH)H] to compare to the experimentally studied IMesmore » complexes with mesityl substituents. These calculations reveal W H homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) to decrease with increasing steric bulk of the NHC ligand, from 67 for CpW(CO)2(IH)H to 64 for CpW(CO)2(IMe)H to 63 kcal/mol for CpW(CO)2(IMes)H. The calculated spin density at W for CpW(CO)2(IMes)• is 0.63. The W radicals CpW(CO)2(IMe)• and CpW(CO)2(IH)• are calculated to form weak W W bonds. The weakly bonded complexes [CpW(CO)2(IMe)]2 and [CpW(CO)2(IH)]2, are predicted to have W-W BDEs of 6 and 18 kcal/mol, respectively, and to dissociate readily to the W-centered radicals CpW(CO)2(IMe)• and CpW(CO)2(IH)•. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences' Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.« less
The synthesis of lipoteichoic acid carrier.

Summary Staphylococcus aureus strain H was pulse-labeled with [2- 3 H]-glycerol and then incubated in medium containing unlabeled glycerol. During the chase period radioactivity is transferred from phosphatidyl-glycerol to form the polyglycerolphosphate chain of the lipoteichoic acid carrier.
Suicidal ideation among patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis

Objective To estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and compare respondents who endorsed SI with respondents who denied SI within a national probability sample of women with bladder pain syndrome or interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). Methods Data were collected as part of the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology (RICE) Study, which screened 146,246 US households to identify adult women who met BPS/IC symptom criteria. In addition to estimating SI prevalence, women with and without recent SI were compared based on demographics, depression symptoms, BPS/IC symptoms, functioning, and treatment. Results Of 1019 women with BPS/IC symptoms asked about SI, 11.0% (95% CI = 8.73-13.25) reported SI in the past 2 weeks. Those with SI were more likely to be younger, unemployed, unmarried, uninsured, less educated, and of lower income. Women who endorsed SI reported worse mental health functioning, physical health functioning, and BPS/IC symptoms. Women with SI were more likely to have received mental health treatment, but did not differ on whether they had received BPS/IC treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that severity of BPS/IC symptoms did not independently predict likelihood of endorsing SI. Conclusion Results suggest that BPS/IC severity may not increase the likelihood of SI except via severity of depression symptoms. Additional work is needed to understand how to address the increased needs of women with both BPS/IC and SI.
Chemically mediated effects of injured prey on behavior of both prey and predators

We examined the behavioral responses of aquatic snails (prey) and two species of crayfish (predators) following exposure to chemical cues from injured snails. Snail survival rates and crayfish capture rates were compared between cued treatments and controls. Snails (Physa gyrina) responded to chemical cues by significantly increasing refuge use (i.e. moving to the waterline, floating or crawl-out behavior). Despite their responses, use of refugia did not influence survival rates. Crayfish species differed in their responses to these same chemicals. Orconectes juvenilis became more active (including increased movements across the substrate and reaching up sides of aquaria). In contrast, the activity levels of Procambarus clarkii did not significantly change. Nevertheless, P. clarkii captured snails in less time than O. juvenilis, regardless of whether injured-snail cue was present, and the presence of these cues did not significantly influence capture times for either crayfish species. This study provides strong evidence that injury-released chemical cues can elicit behavioral responses from both conspecific prey and their predators, but found no benefits of response for either prey or predators. The complex interplay of effects makes it difficult to draw simple, general insights about the benefits of the responses for either participant during a predator-prey interaction.
Continuous administration of opioids produces locomotor sensitization

Sensitization, a behavioral phenomenon characterized by an escalating pattern of drug response following repeated administration, is thought to be involved in the development of addiction. Research on certain drugs of abuse, most notably the psychomotor stimulants amphetamine and cocaine, suggests that two factors are important to the development of sensitization: (1) drugs must be administered intermittently, rather than continuously, and (2) drugs must be administered in association with specific environmental cues. The present studies were performed to determine if the same requirements exist for opioid sensitization. If sensitization occurs following continuous infusion of the drugs, then neither intermittent administration nor specific environmental cues can be critical. Morphine was administered continuously with pellets (2 x 75 mg) or osmotic pumps (20 mg/kg/day), and fentanyl was administered continuously with osmotic pumps (0.2 mg/kg/day) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Continuous infusion of either morphine or fentanyl led to an escalating pattern of activity that is characteristic of sensitization to the locomotor effects of the drugs. The escalation of activity was evident across different measures of activity, and persisted beyond continuous administration. The results suggest that, unlike sensitization to cocaine or amphetamine, intermittent administration and environmental specificity are not critical to opioid sensitization. These findings may have implications for the treatment of pain and addiction.
Production of lunar fragmental material by meteoroid impact.

The rate of production of new fragmental lunar surface material is derived theoretically on the hypothesis that such material is excavated from a bedrock layer by meteoroid impacts. An overlaying regolith effectively shields the bedrock layer from small impacts, reducing the production rate of centimeter-sized and smaller blocks by a large factor. Logarithmic production rate curves for centimeter to motor-sized blocks are nonlinear for any regolith from centimeters to tens of meters in thickness, with small blocks relatively much less frequent for thicker (older) regoliths, suggesting the possibility of a statistical reverse bedding. Modest variations in the exponents of scaling laws for crater depth-diameter ratio and maximum block-diameter to crater diameter ratio are shown to have significant effects on the production rates. The production rate increases slowly with increasing size of the largest crater affecting the region.
Evaluating Recent Stream Channel and Pattern Changes for Stream Resource Protection and Restoration: An Example from West-central Ohio

ABSTRACT Recent changes in stream channel and pattern morphology, hydrology, and channel and floodplain stratigraphy of nine streams in west-central Ohio are evaluated as part of a data-gathering phase of a stream resource protection plan. The study reaches represent the variation in external and internal drainage basin variables that likely control differences in channel hydrology in the county, including watershed area, underlying geology, and land use. A longitudinal profile and 6–8 cross sections were surveyed for each reach; particle sizes were measured and bank stra tigraphy was described at each cross section. Former channel positions were delineated from georeferenced aerial photographs from the period 1938 to 2002. Currently most streams are moderately to slightly entrenched into their basal channel gravels and the underlying till, outwash, or bedrock. Entrenchment is likely the result of channel straightening, mostly after 1938, but may also be due to reduced sediment yield resulting from improv...
Abstract 652:GPX3promoter hypermethylation predicts platinum sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC An estimated 52,000 people will die from colorectal cancer (CRC) in 2012 in the U.S. Unfortunately, these tumors do not respond uniformly to the available chemotherapeutic agents and molecular heterogeneity in these tumors is an important factor in determining their sensitivity to the different agents. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a critical determinant of normal and tumor cellular phenotypes. By combining tumors’ epigenetic alterations with existing knowledge of drugs’ mechanisms, specific DNA methylation alterations can serve as predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of particular chemotherapeutic agents which can then direct patients’ treatments for improved outcomes. The glutathione peroxidase family of enzymes is a critical cellular antioxidant system and increased glutathione peroxidase activity has been linked to platinum resistance in tumors such as prostate and ovarian cancer. Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), we demonstrate that the glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) promoter is hypermethylated in six of nine colorectal cancer cell lines and those lines with methylated GPX3 have significantly decreased GPX3 mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Importantly, the cisplatin IC50 for the CRC cell lines with methylated GPX3 and thus lower GPX3 expression ranges between 2.5 and 6 micromolar compared to 15-50 micromolar in the cell lines with unmethylated GPX3. Initial studies demonstrate similar findings with oxaliplatin. We also examined primary colorectal cancer xenografts and find that 11 of 42 (26%) have GPX3 promoter hypermethylation, with reduction in GPX3 expression also demonstrated for methylated tumors. Analysis is underway to assess the impact that methylated GPX3 has on these primary tumor samples’ sensitivity to platinum agents. To further define the importance of GPX3 promoter hypermethylation in platinum sensitivity, experiments using azacitidine to demethylate GPX3 in cells with methylated GPX3 will be used to determine if increased platinum sensitivity can be restored. Our studies suggest that epigenetically silenced GPX3 may serve as a valuable predictive biomarker for platinum agent sensitivity. Citation Format: Lorraine Pelosof, Sashidhar Yerram, Nilofer Azad, James Herman. GPX3 promoter hypermethylation predicts platinum sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 652. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-652