cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luteinizing hormone receptors are self-associated in the plasma membrane.

We have evaluated rat LH receptor self-association and lateral dynamics for functional and nonfunctional receptors after binding of hormone. We demonstrate, for the first time, that grouped receptors observed in electron or light microscopy represent actual receptor dimers or oligomers rather than simply the concentration of receptors within membrane microdomains. Fringe fluorescence photobleaching recovery methods showed that, after binding of either LH or human CG (hCG), functional wild-type LH receptors, expressed on 293 cells (LHR-wt cells), have mobilities that are 25% lower than those of nonfunctional LH receptors containing an arginine substitution for lysine at position 583 (LHR-K583R cells). Because lateral diffusion coefficients in two dimensions depend only on the logarithm of the molecular size of the diffusing species, this result implies that functional receptors exist in substantially larger membrane complexes than do nonfunctional receptors. In single-cell measurements of fluorescence ener...
Psychology's Status as a Scientific Discipline: Its Empirical Placement within an Implicit Hierarchy of the Sciences:

Psychology's standing within a hypothesized hierarchy of the sciences was assessed in a 2-part analysis. First, an internally consistent composite measure was constructed from 7 primary indicators of scientific status (theories-to-laws ratio, consultation rate, obsolescence rate, graph prominence, early impact rate, peer evaluation consensus, and citation concentration). Second, this composite measure was validated through 5 secondary indicators (lecture disfluency, citation immediacy, anticipation frequency, age at receipt of Nobel Prize, and rated disciplinary hardness). Analyses showed that the measures reflected a single dimension on which 5 disciplines could be reliably ranked in the following order: physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and sociology. Significantly, psychology placed much closer to biology than to sociology, forming a pair of life sciences clearly separated from the other sciences.
Detection of protein-bound sulfhydryl groups after agar gel electrophoresis

Abstract A procedure is described for the visualization of the sulfhydryl groups of small quantities of proteins after separation by agar gel micro electrophoresis.
Radiation monitoring with reference to the medical environment

This paper discusses the general principles of monitoring with some examples taken from the medical environment. The discussion is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the principles of personnel monitoring as well as the most common types of dosimeters used. Specific techniques applicable to the various areas of radiology are delineated. The second section deals with the use of portable monitors in a medical environment. The types of instruments commonly encountered and their limitations are detailed. This section also discusses the use of portable monitors as applied to the various areas of radiology. In each section some brief historical background has been added where possible.
An Improved Large Scale Synthesis of the Schöllkopf Chiral Auxiliaries: (2R)- and (2S)-2,5-Dihydro-3,6-dimethoxy-2-isopropylpyrazine

Syntheses of the Schollkopf chiral auxiliaries have been carried out on large scale in high overall yields from d- and l-valine. This method avoids the use of highly toxic phosgene or triphosgene, low-temperature reactions, and unstable intermediates.
A 1.6–2.3-GHz RF MEMS Reconfigurable Quadrature Coupler and Its Application to a 360 $^{\circ } $ Reflective-Type Phase Shifter

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a reconfigurable quadrature hybrid coupler and a tunable low-loss reflective-type phase shifter built using the Cavendish Kinetics RF microelectromechanical systems switched capacitor devices. The quadrature coupler tunes from 1.5 to 2.2 GHz with 20–50-MHz steps, and $> {\hbox {20-dB}}$ reflection and isolation. The phase shifter covers 360 $^{\circ } $ at 2.0 GHz with an insertion loss of ${\hbox {2.0}} \pm {\hbox {0.5}}~{\hbox {dB}}$ at different phase states. The linearity measurements show that these devices can handle up to 5 W of input power at 1.8–2.2 GHz with an input third-order intercept point $( {\rm IIP}_{3}) > 44~{{\hbox {dBm}}}$ over all phase states. The measured second and third harmonic components are $ at 30 dBm of RF input power. The application areas are in-phase shifters for micro and pico base-stations in the 1.7–2.3-GHz range.
Mining Association Rules with systolic trees

Association Rules Mining (ARM) algorithms are designed to find sets of frequently occurring items in large databases. ARM applications have found their way into a variety of fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and marketing. This class of algorithm is typically very memory intensive, leading to prohibitive runtimes on large databases. Previous attempts at acceleration using custom or reconfigurable hardware have been limited, as many of the significant ARM algorithms were designed from a software developerpsilas perspective and have features (e.g. dynamic linked lists, recursion) that do not translate well to hardware. In this paper we look at how we can accomplish the goal of association rules mining from a hardware perspective. We investigate a popular tree-based ARM algorithm (FP-growth), and make use of a systolic tree structure, which mimics the internal memory layout of the original software algorithm while achieving much higher throughput. Our experimental prototype demonstrates how we can trade memory resources on a software platform for computational resources on a reconfigurable hardware platform, in order to exploit a fine-grained parallelism that was not inherent in the original ARM algorithm.
Copper supplementation of adult men: Effects on blood copper enzyme activities and indicators of cardiovascular disease risk

In rats, copper deficiency leads to low copper metalloenzyme activity, high serum cholesterol, and cardiovascular lesions. In humans, moderately low copper intake may be common, but the consequences remain largely uncertain. The present study examined the effects of copper supplementation (2 mg/d for 4 weeks in a copper/placebo crossover design) in 20 adult men with moderately high plasma cholesterol. End-point measurements were three copper enzyme activities, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp), and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), and three parameters related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), plasma cholesterol, plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], and lag times for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro. Although copper had no significant effects on any parameter for the entire study group, it did significantly increase two enzyme activities (SOD and DAO), as well as lipoprotein oxidation lag times, in 10 subjects in the lower half of a median split for precopper values. Thus, copper supplementation appeared to influence some types of measurements in subjects beginning with less than median values.
Validation Study of the MOPITT Retrieval Algorithm: Carbon Monoxide Retrieval from IMG Observations during WINCE

Abstract The Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument is an eight-channel gas correlation radiometer selected for the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra spacecraft launched in December 1999. Algorithms for the retrieval of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) profiles from MOPITT measurements have been developed. In this paper, validation studies of the MOPITT CO retrieval algorithm using observations by the Interferometric Monitor for greenhouse Gases (IMG) during the Winter Clouds Experiment (WINCE) conducted from 23 January to 13 February 1997 are described. Synthetic radiance spectra calculated by a line-by-line radiative transfer model, FASCOD3, using the retrieved CO profile agrees well with IMG-measured radiance spectra. Observations by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (MAS) from the NASA ER-2 platform during WINCE were successfully used to assist in the identification of clear and cloudy IMG observations.
Emotional toxicity of the work environment.

(1969). Emotional Toxicity of the Work Environment. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 239-243.
Reservoir Simulation and Modeling Based on Pattern Recognition

In this paper a new class of reservoir models that are developed based on the pattern recognition technologies collectively known as Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining (AI&DM) is introduced. The workflows developed based on this new class of reservoir simulation and modeling tools break new ground in modeling fluid flow through porous media by providing a completely new and different angle on reservoir simulation and modeling. The philosophy behind this modeling approach and its major commonalities and differences with numerical and analytical models are explored and two different categories of such models are explained. Details of this technology are presented using examples of most recent applications to several prolific reservoirs in the Middle East and in the Gulf of Mexico. AI-Based reservoir models can be developed for green or brown fields. Since these models are developed based on spatio-temporal databases that are specifically developed for this purpose, they require the existence of a basic numerical reservoir simulator for the green fields while can be developed entirely based on historical data for brown fields. The run-time of AI-Based reservoir models that provide complete field responses is measured in seconds rather than minutes and hours (even for a multi-million grid block reservoir). Therefore, providing means for fast track reservoir analysis and AIassisted history matching are intrinsic characteristics of these models. AI-Based Reservoir Models can completely substitute numerical reservoir simulation models, work side by side but completely independent or be integrated with them in order to increase their productivity. Advantages associated with AI-Based Reservoir Models are short development time, low development cost, fast track analysis and have the practical capability to quantify the uncertainties associated with the static model. AI-Based Reservoir Model includes a novel design tool for comprehensive analysis of the full field and design of field development strategies to meet operational targets. They have open data requirement architecture that can accommodate a wide variety of data from pressure tests to seismic.
Treatment of renal artery in-stent restenosis with sirolimus-eluting stents

The objective of this study was to analyze the use of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) placement for the treatment of renal artery in-stent restenosis (RA-ISR). The optimal treatment of RA-ISR has not been fully elucidated to date. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients from our institution who underwent treatment of RA-ISR with a SES from May 2004 to June 2006. Using duplex ultrasound, RA-ISR (> 60% diameter) was determined by peak systolic velocity (PSV) > 300 cm/s and renal aortic ratio (RAR) > 4.0. Renal function (creatinine) and blood pressure were measured at baseline and follow-up. SESs were implanted in 16 patients (22 renal arteries) during the study period. The study cohort was predominantly female (75%) with a mean age of 68 ± 12 years. RA-ISR was treated with SESs with a mean diameter of 3.5 mm and mean length of 17.9 ± 3.8 mm. The mean post-dilation balloon diameter was 4.8 ± 0.6. The baseline renal artery PSV was 445 ± 131 cm/s with a mean RAR of 5.0 ± 1.6. Follow-up information was available in 21 renal arteries. During a median follow-up of 12 months (range: 9–15 months), 15 renal arteries (71.4%) developed recurrence of ISR by ultrasonographic criteria. Univariate analysis revealed that female sex was an independent predictor of recurrence of ISR after SES implantation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, placement of a SES for the treatment of ISR in renal arteries is associated with high initial technical success but significant restenosis on duplex ultrasonography at follow-up.
Toward terabit optical access network using spectrally-efficient, polarization-interleaved orthogonal wavelength-division-multiplexing

We proposed a spectrally-efficient, high-capacity, polarization-interleaved (PI) OWDM PON architecture. The transmission performance of a 3-channel 25GHz-PI-OWDM system is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated over 15-km SMF-28 access-network architecture.
Evaluating ponderosa pine regeneration rates following ecological restoration treatments in northern Arizona, USA

Ecosystem restoration is emerging as a dominant ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum) forest management objective in the semi-arid southwestern USA. Restoration consists predominantly of mechanical thinning in overly dense stands and reintroduction of ground fire, and therefore can meet a variety of community and agency objectives associated with forest ecosystem health, wood production, fire protection, recreation and scenic beauty. Ecosystem restoration and long-term multi-aged stand management creates the growing space, microclimate and seedbed conditions necessary for natural regeneration via density reduction and regular understory burning. Several long-term research studies have demonstrated regeneration >100 seedlings/ha within a few years of overstory treatment when a relatively dense overstory canopy is left as a seed source; based on the literature, the reduced density of overstory seed-producing trees following restoration treatment still supplies sufficient viable seed over time for regeneration. Our remeasurement data of treated sites showed only 18‐41 seedlings/ha in the absence of fire due perhaps to the reduced density of seed-producing overstory trees or lack of adequate (fire prepared) seedbed. Repeated prescribed burning of surface fuels can enhance the seedbed, but limits seedling survival typically during the first two decades. Survivors develop into fire resistant saplings at 10 cm stump diameter and 3 m height. Seedling density in a restoration study plots that has received two burning treatments, in 1992 and 1998, was only 12 seedlings/ha. Seedling density in the 30 growing stock level treatments at Taylor Woods averaged only 7 seedlings/ha following one burning cycle. However, even this relatively low natural regeneration rate is sufficient to supply the 3.6 trees/ha/ decade needed to sustain tree densities like those present before Euro-American settlement. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Dynamic measurements during short-circuit testing of transformers part II: Test results and analysis

Some of the test results measured during short circuit tests on a full size, 19.5 MVA, three phase, three winding, oil filled, power transformer are reported and analyzed in this paper. Included are radial flux measurements to obtain accurate calculated electromagnetic forces, the effects of tap configuration and clamping force on the dynamic forces transmitted to various parts of the transformer structure, comparison of the measured results with computer predicted results, the circumferential force variation at the top of the winding, the forces experienced by the tie plates, and the failure detection results.
On Complete Sets of Logic Primitives

A complete set of logic primitives is a set of devices which can be connected to represent any Boolean function of binary variables. This paper deals with the number of devices required in a complete set of logic primitives. It is well known that a complete set of logic primitives may contain as few as one element, e.g., NOR. It is the purpose of this paper to establish a least upper bound on the number of nonredundant elements in a complete set. It is shown that every complete set contains a complete subset with at most four elements. Further, a complete set with four elements is presented which is incomplete if any element is deleted.
Motion of a sphere in the presence of a plane interface. Part 1. An approximate solution by generalization of the method of Lorentz

The motion of a sphere in the presence of a fluid-fluid interface is studied. First, a solution is derived for a point force near a plane interface. Then the solution is extended to include the higher-order terms which are required to describe the motion of a solid sphere. Singularities of higher orders at the centre of the sphere are obtained by using the method of reflexions. For a fluid–fluid interface with an arbitrary viscosity ratio, the drag force and the hydrodynamic torque are calculated for the special cases of motion of a sphere perpendicular and parallel to the interface. In addition, the rotational motion of a sphere is also investigated.
Aquaporin-1 Transports NO Across Cell Membranes

NO plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure through its effects on renal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system function. It is generally thought to freely diffuse through cell membranes without need for a specific transporter. The water channel aquaporin-1 transports low molecular weight gases in addition to water and is expressed in cells that produce or are the targets of NO. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that aquaporin-1 transports NO. In cells expressing aquaporin-1, NO permeability correlated with water permeability. NO transport was reduced by 71% by HgCl2, an inhibitor of aquaporin-1. Transport of NO by aquaporin-1 saturated at 3 micromol/L NO and displayed a K(1/2) (the concentration of NO that produces half of the maximum transport rate) of 0.54 micromol/L. Reconstitution of purified aquaporin-1 into lipid vesicles increased NO influx by 316%. In endothelial cells, lowering aquaporin-1 expression with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) blunted aquaporin-1 expression by 54% and NO release by 44%. We conclude that NO transport by aquaporin-1 may allow cells to control intracellular NO levels and effects. NO transport by aquaporin-1 may play a role in central nervous system, vascular and renal function, and consequently blood pressure. Disruption of NO transport by aquaporin-1 offers an alternate cause for diseases currently explained by inadequate NO bioavailability.
Dietary supplements and human health: For better or for worse?

Encouraged by the potential health benefits of higher dietary intake of substances with beneficial properties, the use of supplements containing these compounds has increased steadily over recent years. The effects of several of these, many of which are antioxidants, have been supported by data obtained in vitro, in animal models, and often by human studies as well. However, as carefully controlled human supplementation trials have been conducted, questions about the efficacy and safety of these supplements have emerged. In this Educational Paper, three different supplements were selected for consideration of the benefits and risks currently associated with their intake. The selected supplements include β-carotene, selenium, and genistein. The use of each is discussed in the context of preclinical and clinical data that provide evidence for both their use in reducing disease incidence and the possible liabilities that accompany their enhanced consumption. Variables that may influence their impact, such as lifestyle habits, baseline nutritional levels, and genetic makeup are considered and the application of these issues to broader classes of supplements is discussed.
ELEMENTS OF BOILING HEAT TRANSFER

Abstract The fundamentals of pool boiling and forced convection boiling heat transfer are described in this chapter. Typical correlations for the various boiling modes or flow regimes are presented. The emphasis is on simple geometries such as a single tube in a large pool and a single vertical circular tube. Mention is made of practical problems such as boiling curve hysteresis resulting from difficult nucleation, shifts in the boiling curve due to dissolved gas, and surface or fluid contamination. A section on two-phase flow and heat transfer under microgravity conditions is included.
Black Folks are not for Sale

(1970). Black Folks are not for Sale. The Black Scholar: Vol. 2, The Black Church, pp. 35-42.
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Insulin Secretion

Bariatric surgery leads to significant improvements in insulin sensitivity and secretion, in large part due to caloric restriction and weight loss. However, altered nutrient transport and glucose absorption due to surgery also lead to changes in gut hormone secretion that influence insulin action and β-cell function. The contribution of changes in bile acid reabsorption, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism following bariatric surgery remains to be seen. Studies of how β-cell activity and insulin sensitivity are altered by bariatric surgery have highlighted the enteroendocrine function of the gastrointestinal tract.
Drug use among men by sexual behaviour, race and ethnicity: Prevalence estimates from a nationally representative US sample.

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) report drug use more frequently than non-MSM, however data are lacking that examine the disparity within racial and ethnic groups. METHODS: Using a nationally representative sample of men in the US stratified by race and ethnicity, we present prevalence estimates of self-reported drug use comparing MSM to non-MSM. RESULTS: Prevalence of self-reported drug use was greater among MSM compared to non-MSM, with the exception of heroin. White MSM reported greatest drug use overall, with amphetamine use representing the greatest disparity compared to black or Hispanic MSM. Hispanic MSM reported the greatest crack/cocaine and heroin use. Men who reported using drugs were younger then men who did not report using drugs; there were no age patterns of reported drug use among MSM. CONCLUSION: Drug use is a public health concern among MSM, compounding a racial and ethnic disparity. Intersectionality is a useful framework for identifying subgroups with highest reported rates of drug use. Language: en
Loss of hepatic monoamine oxidase activity resulting from replacement of its coenzyme flavin.

SummaryWhen 7-methyl-8-ethyl-10-(1′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine (7-methyl-8-ethylflavin or 8-Et) is utilized in place of riboflavin in rat tissues, its coenzyme function for hepatic MAO is so low that enzyme activity is virtually eliminated. The present evidence suggests that 8-Et cannot be covalently bound to the enzyme. The absence of hepatic MAO activity when 8-Et is utilized is confirmed by the inability of rats using this flavin to survive the stress of administered L-DOPA. The use of 7-ethyl-8-methyl-10-(1′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine (7-ethyl-8-methylflavin or 7-Et) causes a severe decrease in hepatic MAO, however, the activity of the enzyme is great enough to provide evidence that 7-Et is covalently bound to the enzyme. Rats utilizing 7-Et as well as riboflavin-deficient rats are able to survive the stress of administered L-DOPA. Hepatic MAO may not be an essential enzyme for survival of the laboratory rat.
Structural and optical properties of hexagonal MgxZn1−xO thin films

High-quality epitaxial magnesium zinc oxide (MgxZn1-xO) alloy thin films were grown on sapphire (α-Al2O3 (0001)) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The structural and optical properties of these hexagonal films were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), absorption, and photoluminescence measurements. XRD and TEM data reveal that magnesium zinc oxide alloy films, grown by domain matching epitaxy, exhibited the following relationships: MgZnO[0001] ∥ α-Al2O3 [0001] and MgZnO[01\(\bar 1\)0] ∥ α-Al2O3 [2\(\bar 1\bar 1\)0]. RBS data demonstrate that a maximum magnesium content of x=0.34 can be obtained in hexagonal ZnxMg1-xO thin films. This value is significantly higher than the thermodynamic limitation of x=0.04. The absorption spectra of magnesium zinc oxide alloy films obtained at room temperature demonstrate significant excitonic behavior. The exciton binding energies have been extracted from the absorption data. Values of the exciton bandgap as a function of magnesium content were determined by fitting the bandgap energies using polynomial fitting. The ZnxMg1−xO alloy thin films demonstrate bright room-temperature luminescence and significant excitonic behavior. A shift in the excitonic emission peak as a function of magnesium content was observed.
Li–O2 Kinetic Overpotentials: Tafel Plots from Experiment and First-Principles Theory

We report the current dependence of the fundamental kinetic overpotentials for Li–O2 discharge and charge (Tafel plots) that define the optimal cycle efficiency in a Li-air battery. Comparison of the unusual experimental Tafel plots obtained in a bulk electrolysis cell with those obtained by first-principles theory is semiquantitative. The kinetic overpotentials for any practical current density are very small, considerably less than polarization losses due to iR drops from the cell impedance in Li–O2 batteries. If only the kinetic overpotentials were present, then a discharge–charge voltaic cycle efficiency of ∼85% should be possible at ∼10 mA/cm2 superficial current density in a battery of ∼0.1 m2 total cathode area. We therefore suggest that minimizing the cell impedance is a more important problem than minimizing the kinetic overpotentials to develop higher current Li-air batteries.
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

In 1949, the discovery that sickle hemoglobin (α2 βS2) has an abnormal electrophoretic mobility prompted Linus Pauling and his colleagues to christen sickle cell anemia “a molecular disease.”1 The ensuing five decades have produced a wealth of information on the mechanisms by which a single base substitution in the gene encoding the human β-globin subunit, with the resulting replacement of β6 glutamic acid by valine, leads to the protean and devastating clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease. Until recently there was a disappointing lag in the application of this knowledge to the design of safe and effective . . .
The impact of geographic accessibility on the intensity and quality of depression treatment.

OBJECTIVES For depression, this research measures the impact of travel time on visit frequency and the probability of receiving treatment in concordance with AHCPR guidelines. METHODS The medical, insurance, and pharmacy records of a community-based sample of 435 subjects with current depression were abstracted to identify those treated for depression, to determine the number of depression visits made over a 6-month period, and to ascertain whether treatment was provided in concordance with AHCPR guidelines. A Geographic Information System was used to calculate the travel time from each patient to their preferred provider. Poisson and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the impact of travel time on visit frequency and guideline-concordance, controlling for patient casemix. RESULTS In the community-based sample, 106 subjects were treated for depression by 105 different preferred providers. About one-third (30.7%) were treated by a mental health specialist. One average, patients made 2.8 depression visits over the 6-month period. One-third (28.9%) of the patients received guideline-concordant treatment for depression. The average number of visits for those receiving guideline-concordant care was significantly greater than for those not receiving guideline-concordant care (P < 0.01). Travel time to the preferred provider was significantly associated with making fewer visits (P < 0.0001) and having a lower likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant care (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION For depression, both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment regimens require frequent provider contact to be effective. This study suggests that travel barriers may prevent rural patients from making a sufficient number of visits to receive effective guideline-concordant treatment.
Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow: Bubble or Droplet Translation

Introduction In Chapter 2 it was assumed that the particles were rigid and therefore not deformed, fissioned, or otherwise modified by the flow. However, there are many instances in which the particles that comprise the disperse phase are radically modified by the forces imposed by the continuous phase. Sometimes those modifications are radical enough to, in turn, affect the flow of the continuous phase. For example, the shear rates in the continuous phase may be sufficient to cause fission of the particles and this, in turn, may reduce the relative motion and therefore alter the global extent of phase separation in the flow. The purpose of this chapter is to identify additional phenomena and issues that arise when the translating disperse phase consists of deformable particles , namely bubbles, droplets, or fissionable solid grains. Deformation due to Translation Dimensional Analysis Because the fluid stresses due to translation may deform the bubbles, drops, or deformable solid particles that make up the disperse phase, we should consider not only the parameters governing the deformation but also the consequences in terms of the translation velocity and the shape. We concentrate here on bubbles and drops in which surface tension, S , acts as the force restraining deformation. However, the reader will realize that there would exist a similar analysis for deformable elastic particles. Furthermore, the discussion is limited to the case of steady translation, caused by gravity, g . Clearly the results could be extended to cover translation due to fluid acceleration by using an effective value of g as indicated in Section 2.4.2.
Phadebact coagglutination test for the rapid identification of pneumococci

Conventional tests for the presumptive identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae from culturally similar non-pneumococcal alpha hemolytic streptococci include optochin sensitivity, bile solubility and inulin fermentation. These tests require up to 24 h for completion. In this paper we report the evaluation of a simple and rapid coagglutination procedure that requires less than 5 min. Of the 150 clinical isolates of pneumococci that were identified by conventional methods, all were correctly recognized by the Phadebact coagglutination technique within one minute. Forty strains of non-pneumococcal alpha hemolytic streptococci were also tested to determine the specificity of the method. Of these, 32 (80%) did not react in either the typing or control reagents, whereas 8 (20%) showed coagglutination in the control. The Phadebact coagglutination test for the definitive identification of pneumococci is simple, rapid, and easy to perform and interpret.
Characteristics of superior orbital subperiosteal abscesses in children.

Objectives/Hypothesis Superior pediatric orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPAs) are less common than medial ones, and clinical features specific to patients with superior SPAs have not been well defined. Clinical characteristics between patients with superior and medial SPAs are compared to determine whether superior location is a risk factor for surgical intervention. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods The target population consisted of patients diagnosed with an SPA and seen by the pediatric otolaryngology service at a tertiary children's hospital between January 2010 and October 2014. Imaging characteristics including proptosis, hypoglobus, intraorbital air, and abscess volume as well as treatment interventions were reviewed. Results Forty patients between 5 and 17 years of age treated for an orbital SPA were identified. Thirteen patients were identified as having superior SPAs; 27 had medial SPAs. The average ages in the two groups were 10.92 and 9.26 years, respectively. The odds ratio for surgical treatment per each increasing year of age was 1.5 (P = .004). The proportion of patients requiring surgery was significantly different between the groups (12/13 superior vs. 13/27 medial, P = .01). The predominant organism group cultured in surgical patients was Streptococcus anginosus (8/24, 29.17%). Superior SPA patients had significantly more proptosis, hypoglobus, and abscess volume on computed tomography scan. Conclusions Patients with superior SPAs may present with more advanced disease, leading to a higher rate of characteristics such as proptosis, hypoglobus, and intraorbital air, factors that would predispose to surgical drainage. We found that abscess volume was the most predictive of surgery. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2016
Gas-liquid chromatographic quantitation of phencyclidine.HCl in powders: collaborative study.

Six laboratories collaboratively studied a method for the quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of phencyclidine.HCl in powders. The phencyclidine.HCl and other water-soluble compounds are dissolved in dilute HCl. A portion of the aqueous solution is made weakly basic with K2HPO4, and the organic-soluble compounds are extracted in CHCl3 for the GLC determination of the phencyclidine.HCl. Eicosane (n-C20) is incorporated in the extracting CHCl3 as an internal standard. The samples collaboratively studied included samples of known phencyclidine.HCl concentration and one sample of unknown purity. Recoveries ranged from 92.1 to 104% and per cent standard deviations from 1.05 to 3.39. The method was adopted as official first action.
Heat Transfer Design Methodology Treating a Heat Exchange Device and Its Fluid-Mover Partner as a Single System

ABSTRACTWhen a heat exchange device and its fluid-mover partner are modeled simultaneously, as a single system, the predicted performance of the device can be substantially different from modeling the heat exchange device separately. This conclusion is based on realistic models of the underlying heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena, on the rotational motions occurring within the fluid mover, and on the geometry of both the heat transfer device and the fluid mover. Here, an unsteady three-dimensional model was implemented by numerical simulation as a case study of a thermal management system that is frequently encountered with electronic equipment. As a comparison case, the same thermal management system was evaluated using a common design method where the fluid mover (fan) in the system is removed and replaced by a prescribed magnitude and distribution of fluid flow (the fan curve). It was found that the local and overall heat transfer and the fluid flow delivered to the heat exchanger were significantl...
Isolation and Maturation-Sequence of Two Populations of Rabbit B Cells*

This chapter discusses a study in which rabbit mesenteric lymph node cells (LNC) were rosetted with goat anti-rabbit Ig antibody-coated erythrocytes (Ab-E). The rosette Ig-bearing cells were separated from unrosetted (Ig - ) cells by centrifugation on Ficoll–Hypaque. Ig - cells behaved like T cells; they responded to T-cell mitogens and none of them secreted Ig when tested with rabbit anti-Ig allotype Ab-E for reverse hemolytic plaque formation. The Ig + cells were further separated into two approximately equal subpopulations when treated with autologous serum and centrifuged on Ficoll–Hypaque: (1) a stable population (Ig + S) and (2) a labile population (Ig + L). The study showed that Ig + L cells differentiated to Ig + S cells in the presence of Ig - cells, but they did not differentiate when Ig + S were already present in the culture. Two subpopulations of Ig + cells were separated, and one of these, the Ig + L cells, is probably a developmental precursor to the other subpopulation, the Ig + S cells.
The Family Plot of Mansfield Park

Mansfield Park is in many respects a dark and alienating book. Its dystopic effect has been variously ascribed to its moral rigidity, to its rejection of wit, and to its personally unattractive heroine.1 These complaints have a certain validity, as does Claudia Johnson’s compelling characterization of Mansfield Park as ‘Austen’s most, rather than her least, ironic novel and a bitter parody of conservative fiction.’2 The book’s negative effect seems to me, however, to lie in something even more powerful: its horrifying picture of family life. Written on the threshold of nineteenth-century pieties about family love and at the end of a century of attempts to set domestic life apart from political strife, it explodes the myth of the apolitical home. In Mansfield Park, the family is a site of competition and exploitation, of struggles for power and vengeance that match the intensity of social and economic class struggles.
The PERG as a Tool for Early Detection and Monitoring of Glaucoma

The clinical management of glaucoma is currently focused on manifest stages of the diseases at which there are congruent losses of visual function and optic nerve tissue. Identification of patients at risk of developing glaucoma remains a challenge. Detection of retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in glaucoma suspects may represent a way of identifying patients at high-risk glaucoma and thus provide both a rationale and a target for treatment to change the natural history of the disease. This report provides a review of the current applications of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) to investigate electrical responsiveness of retinal ganglion cells in early glaucoma. While the PERG technique has been in use since the 1980’s, only recently PERG methods have been developed with skin electrodes and automated analysis that expand the PERG application in the clinical setting. The PERG may be altered at stages of glaucoma that precede losses of visual field and optic nerve tissue. PERG alterations may be progressive and reversible after IOP lowering. PERG alterations may be inducible in susceptible eyes of patients at risk of glaucoma.
How unique is South African military integration? : review article

The study of civil war since the end of the Cold War has uncovered several interesting, counter-intuitive facts. The first is that civil wars do end. Depending on how one counts, there have been 100-200 such wars since 1945. There are now fewer than ten, and some of them are new rather than old. Of course, some of these may break out again (a gentleman on a flight to Atlanta once explained to the author that the American Civil War was not yet over), but it is not likely that most will, let alone all. Indeed, every major power has had one or more civil wars which have ended: the French, Russians and Chinese after their revolutions; Germany, after the wars of unification (or the Thirty Years War, if you want to go back that far); the British, after the War of the Roses and its Civil War. The United States has done it twice: after the American Revolution and after the American Civil War. But it is fair to say that we do not really understand how large numbers of people who have been killing one another with considerable skill and enthusiasm are somehow able to create working political communities.
Rad52 deficiency decreases development of lung squamous cell carcinomas by enhancing immuno-surveillance.

// Rachel Lieberman 1,2 , Jing Pan 1,2 , Qi Zhang 1,2 and Ming You 1,2 1 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2 Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Correspondence to: Ming You, email: // Keywords : Rad52, DDR (DNA damage response), lung cancer, SCC (squamous cell carcinoma), HR (homologous recombination) Received : January 30, 2017 Accepted : March 04, 2017 Published : March 18, 2017 Abstract RAD52 is involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. This study focuses on lung cancer progression and how the DNA repair gene, Rad52, enables tumor cells to have sufficient genome integrity, i.e., the ability to repair lethal DNA damage, to avoid cell death. In this report, we analyze the phenotypic differences between wild type and Rad52 -/- in inhibition of tumor phenotypes including cell growth, viability, cytolysis, and immune profiling. We demonstrated that loss of Rad52 not only increases the death of cells undergoing carcinogen-induced transformation in vivo , but that Rad52 loss also augments in vivo antitumor activity through an enhanced capacity for direct killing of LLC tumor cells by stimulated Rad52 -/- NK and CD8 + T cells. We hypothesize that upon DNA damage, wild type cells attempt to repair DNA lesions, but those cells that survive will continue to divide with damage and a high likelihood of progressing to malignancy. Loss of Rad52, however, appears to increase genomic instability beyond a manageable threshold, acceding the damaged cells to death before they are able to become tumor cells. Our results suggest a key role for the complex interplay between the DNA damage response and host immunity in determining risk for Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma.
Long term health outcomes among Returned Peace Corps Volunteers after malaria prophylaxis, 1995-2014.

Abstract Background A primary reason for non-adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis is fear of latent side effects. We examined latent effects of malaria chemoprophylaxis among Returned Peace Corps Volunteers (RPCVs). Methods During July 18–September 16, 2016, RPCVs who served during 1995–2014 with an e-mail address in Peace Corps' RPCV database were invited to take an internet-based survey on malaria prophylaxis and medical diagnoses. “Good adherence” meant taking prophylaxis “as prescribed” or “most of the time.” Prevalence of diseases diagnosed after Peace Corps service was compared between users and nonusers of each antimalarial using log-binomial regression. Results Of 8931 participants (11% response rate), 5055 (57%) took chemoprophylaxis. Initial chemoprophylaxis was mefloquine 59%, chloroquine 13%, doxycycline 16%, atovaquone-proguanil 4%, and “other” 8%. Sixty percent reported good adherence. Mefloquine users had the best adherence (67% good adherence). Prevalences of most diseases were similar between exposed and unexposed groups. Certain psychiatric diagnoses were slightly more likely among mefloquine users (PR 1.14, 95% CI [1.04–1.25], P = 0.0048). When excluding those with prior psychiatric illness, there were no differences in psychiatric diagnosis rates. Conclusion Malaria chemoprophylaxis use by Peace Corps Volunteers is safe. Avoiding mefloquine use in those with prior psychiatric illness can reduce psychiatric side effects.
An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum optical networks

We integrate silicon-vacancy color centers into diamond nanophotonic devices. Using this platform, we demonstrate a quantum-optical switch controlled by a single color center and entanglement generation between two emitters in a single nanophotonic device.
NADPH Oxidase in Choroidal Neovascularization

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurs in a variety of chorioretinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and is the major cause of severe visual loss in patients with AMD. Oxidative stress has been thought to play an important role in the development of CNV, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as one of the major intracellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular system is a logical candidate as a central player. In this chapter, we review the role of p22phox, an integral subunit in the NADPH oxidase complex, in the mouse eye in relation to CNV. We show that p22phox is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and inner retinal neurons and that a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) designed against p22phox efficiently reduces the expression of the protein in the retina when delivered by means of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. Vector treatment inhibited CNV in the mouse when delivered into the subretinal space where RPE cells were transduced. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production in RPE cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD, and that this pathway may represent a new target for its therapeutic intervention.
Efficacy and Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Long-Term Aspirin Users: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND Long-term aspirin use in cardiovascular disease prevention may result in gastrointestinal bleeding. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been shown to reduce the risks of peptic ulcers and dyspeptic symptoms in long-term aspirin users in the randomized controlled trials, there are safety concerns about the long-term use of PPI. STUDY QUESTION What is the safety and efficacy of PPI in patients using aspirin in long term for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and stroke? METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ProQuest, and relevant references from inception through February 2015, and used random-effects model for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 10 publications from 9 studies (n = 6382) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with control, PPI reduced the risks of peptic ulcers [risk ratio (RR): 0.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.26; P < 0.00001], gastric ulcers [0.24 (0.16-0.35); P < 0.00001], duodenal ulcers [0.12 (0.05-0.29); P < 0.00001], bleeding ulcers [0.22 (0.10-0.51); P = 0.0004], and erosive esophagitis [0.14 (0.07-0.28); P < 0.00001]. PPI increased the resolution of epigastric pain [1.13 (1.03-1.25); P = 0.01], heartburn [1.24 (1.18-1.31); P < 0.00001], and regurgitation [1.26 (1.13-1.40); P < 0.0001], but did not increase the risks of all-cause mortality [1.72 (0.61-4.87); P = 0.31], cardiovascular mortality [1.80 (0.59-5.44); P = 0.30], nonfatal myocardial infarction/ischemia [0.56 (0.22-1.41); P = 0.22], ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack [1.09 (0.34-3.53); P = 0.89] and other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The PPI seems to be effective in preventing peptic ulcers and erosive esophagitis and in resolution of dyspeptic symptoms without increasing adverse events, cardiac risks or mortality in long-term aspirin users.
Speed dating, love letters, and couples interviews: how to get the spark back in user research methods

Many researchers find themselves in a methodological rut and end up using the same tried-and-true user research methods, such as usability studies or interviews. Though these methods have their merits, there are times when asking questions directly may not suffice or researchers simply have trouble getting to the insights that are needed. This two-hour tutorial will focus on teaching creative methods that can spark new conversation or illuminate different insights. We will focus on three methods: speed-dating, love letters, and couple interviews. These methods are particularly effective for researchers and practitioners who study personal topics such as communication messaging apps and websites. The tutorial will provide a useful toolkit of creative methods and best practices.
Cryo-EM structure of the gasdermin A3 membrane pore

Gasdermins mediate inflammatory cell death after cleavage by caspases or other, unknown enzymes. The cleaved N-terminal fragments bind to acidic membrane lipids to form pores, but the mechanism of pore formation remains unresolved. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the 27-fold and 28-fold single-ring pores formed by the N-terminal fragment of mouse GSDMA3 (GSDMA3-NT) at 3.8 and 4.2 A resolutions, and of a double-ring pore at 4.6 A resolution. In the 27-fold pore, a 108-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel is formed by two β-hairpins from each subunit capped by a globular domain. We identify a positively charged helix that interacts with the acidic lipid cardiolipin. GSDMA3-NT undergoes radical conformational changes upon membrane insertion to form long, membrane-spanning β-strands. We also observe an unexpected additional symmetric ring of GSDMA3-NT subunits that does not insert into the membrane in the double-ring pore, which may represent a pre-pore state of GSDMA3-NT. These structures provide a basis that explains the activities of several mutant gasdermins, including defective mutants that are associated with cancer.
Extranodal Lymphomas and Tumors of the Thymus

This chapter provides an overview of lymphomas and related tumors presenting at extranodal locations. Commonalities and differences in the approach to diagnosis, staging, and their pathogenesis are summarized. Intrinsic tumors of the thymus are also discussed.