cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and Exercise in the Management of Horses and Ponies at High Risk for Laminitis

Abstract Obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia are risk factors for laminitis in horses and ponies. Alterations in management, especially diet and physical activity, can be helpful in the management of these risk factors. Caloric restriction, ideally combined with increased physical activity, to promote weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity is indicated for the management of obese animals. Strict control of dietary NSC through the elimination of grains and sweet feeds and by restricted access to NSC-rich pastures is recommended for insulin-resistant animals, regardless of whether they are obese or not. Medical treatment with levothyroxine or metformin may be indicated in obese or insulin-resistant animals that do not respond to conservative management.
High dose cyclophosphamide, fractionated total body irradiation with involved field irradiation and autologous bone marrow transplantation in malignant lymphoma

The objective of this clinical trial was to determine if radiation to areas of recurrence or bulky disease prior to total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) altered the site of relapse andlor prolonged survival. Forty-eight patients with recurrent or refractory malignant lymphoma were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide and fractionated TBI followed by ABMT. Thirty-four patients were eligible to receive involved field radiation therapy (IF-RT) to sites of recurrence or bulky disease. The overall response rate in 46 evaluable patients was 89% with 33 complete remissions (CR) and 8 partial remissions (PR). In a multivariant analysis increasing LDH, decreased serum albumin, older age, and lack of sensitivity to prior chemotherapy were associated with poorer survival. There were 10 deaths due to treatment related complications, 8 died of pulmonary complications of whom 6 were in CR. Of 11 who had received IF-RT and subsequently relapsed, 4 rec...
Perceived collective efficacy and women's victimization in public housing:

Although it has not yet been applied to domestic violence and other types of crime in Canadian public housing, the social disorganization/collective efficacy model described in this article may help explain why people who live in such areas characterized by poverty and joblessness report higher rates of intimate partner violence and several other offenses than those living in more affluent communities. Using data generated by the Quality of Neighborhood Life Survey, a main objective of the Canadian study described here was to test this model. One of the most important findings is that community concerns about street crimes and informal means of social control designed to prevent such harms are not effective forms of alleviating intimate partner violence in public housing. Language: en
Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome

Background: Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a serious but poorly understood and little known disease. It has been variously described in the literature since 1934. Fatalities are rare but have been reported. Methods: A MEDLINE search was undertaken from 1991 to present, using the keywords “anticonvulsant,” “phenytoin,” and “hypersensitivity.” English language articles and their endnotes were reviewed, and neurologists, dermatologists, and specialists in hematology-oncology were consulted. Results: A case of AHS is described. Investigators have reported epidemiologic data and described the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and management options. Conclusions: Family physicians should be aware of the AHS because of the high likelihood that patients with this syndrome will come first to their primary care physicians for care. Certain anticonvulsant medications have a high degree of cross-reactivity, the incidence of AHS is higher among first-degree relatives, and the disorder mimics systemic infection. If AHS is suspected, the antiepileptic drug should be discontinued. Supportive care should be directed to the appropriate organ systems, with particular attention to skin, eyes, and liver. Corticosteroid treatment might be effective in reversing the drug reactions, but it is not recommended in cases of suspected or actual infection because of the increased risk of immunocompromise, sepsis, and associated mortality.
Avatar Facial Biometric Authentication Using Wavelet Local Binary Patterns

Virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life) are populated by different types of people, businesses, and organizations. Users of virtual worlds, either individuals or organizations, might abuse the flexibility and adaptability offered by virtual environment by engaging in criminal activities. Even terrorist organizations have been active in virtual worlds. These organizations recently have used the virtual worlds for recruitment and to train their new members in an environment that is very similar to the real one. Since avatars are not just virtual creations as they have a great social and psychological correspondence with their creators, applying biometric techniques on avatars can give the law enforcement agencies and security experts the ability to identify who the actual users behind these avatars are. There is a mounting pressure to have techniques for verifying the real identities of the inhabitants of virtual worlds to secure cyberworld from incessant criminal activities (e.g., verbal harassment, fraud, money laundering, data or identity theft). In order to reduce the gap between our ability to recognizing human faces and avatar faces and to develop reliable tools for protecting virtual environments, we will discuss in this chapter how we can use different versions of local binary pattern (LBP) operators (traditional LBP, multi-scale LBP and hierarchical multi-scale LBP) to recognize avatar faces from two different virtual worlds (Second Life and Entropia Universe). This chapter includes a definition of discrete wavelet transform from a face recognition research perspective, a summary of previous work done on this topic, characteristics of the datasets used in the experiments as well as some suggestions for future work.
The Predictable and Misleading Consequences When Using Periodic Returns in Traditional Tests of the Capital Asset Pricing Model

This paper offers a new understanding of the statistical results obtained by Black, Jensen, and Scholes (1972) and Miller and Scholes (1972) in their tests of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Numerical examples and simulations are used to illustrate how the empirical results of both papers are what we should expect to observe under the null hypothesis that the CAPM does not hold and the returns, either periodic or continuous, are variable. This paper employs geometric Brownian motion (GBM) as a reasonable first-order approximation for the return generating process to capture the predictable, asymmetrical effects of compounding variable returns. The empirical results of the cross-section and time-series tests in both papers can be explained by the simple mathematical dependence of periodic returns upon the underlying variance of the continuously compounded returns. The numerical examples and simulations reproduce the empirical results by matching the variance of the continuously compounded returns on the market factor in the model of GBM to the variance of the returns on the market portfolio in each sample period, although the securities are not priced in the model to reflect aversion to either beta or the variance of the continuously compounded returns.
Abstract 3640: Potential cooperation of monoclonal antibody based targeting of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1) with chemotherapy in kidney tumor xenografts

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1) is a cell membrane bound enzyme that functions in gamma-glutamyl cycling, to provide cells with intracellular glutathione (GSH). GGT1 has been recognized to participate in chemotherapeutic resistance of tumors to carboplatin and various alkylating agents by increasing GSH levels intracellularly, thus allowing the tumor to escape electrophilic damage. Cysteinylglycine generated by membrane bound GGT1 can bind to extracellular cisplatin and prevent it from entering the cell. Mechanisms that target GGT1 and alter its function have been postulated to increase tumor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapies. We have generated a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), 8G9 [IgG2a, k1] that recognizes GGT1. An immunohistochemical (IHC) survey of benign adult human tissues revealed an antigen distribution in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues consistent with previous reports of GGT1 expression. A subsequent IHC screen of nearly 100 kidney tumors revealed that scoring based on 8G9 immunoreactivity showed a preference for clear cell (94.45%), multilocular cystic (100%) and papillary cell (95.83%) kidney tumors. A statistical association of 8G9 immunostaining with Fuhrman nuclear grade or pathology staging was not evident. FACS analysis confirmed that 8G9 recognizes a cell surface epitope. Cross-immunoprecipitations performed with 8G9 and a commercially available GGT1 antibody confirmed that 8G9 recognizes GGT1. 8G9 exhibited a unique preference for native GGT1 likely through recognition of a combined epitope formed by the association of the GGT1 heavy and light chains. Because 8G9 appears to recognize a native, surface accessible GGT1 epitope, we performed xenograft studies to test the efficacy of 8G9 in blocking kidney tumor growth either as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin or carboplatin. Athymic nude mice were engrafted with the human kidney tumor cell line Caki-1. Upon successful tumor engraftment, mice were treated with 8G9, cisplatin or carboplatin as single agents or with 8G9+ ciplatin or 8G9 + carboplatin. As a single agent, 8G9 treatment did not result in a reduction of relative tumor volume. Likewise, there was little difference in relative tumor volume in mice treated a combination of 8G9 and carboplatin. However, 8G9 + cisplatin treatment exhibited a modest reduction in tumor volume. These preliminary data suggest that targeting GGT1 may have a cooperative effect in reducing tumor growth in the presence of cisplatin, and that the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with targeting GGT1 may be particularly sensitive to the mechanistic action of the chemotherapeutic agent. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate GGT1 as a potential drug target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3640. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3640
Trust in Sources of Advice about Infant Care Practices: The SAFE Study.

Objectives (1) Determine the prevalence of maternal trust in advice sources on infant care practices; (2) Investigate the association of maternal and infant characteristics with trust in advice sources on infant care practices. Methods Using probability sampling methods, we recruited mothers from 32 U.S. maternity hospitals with oversampling of Black and Hispanic women resulting in a nationally representative sample of mothers of infants aged 2–6 months. Survey questions assessed maternal trust in advice sources (physicians, nurses, family, friends, and media) regarding infant care practices including infant sleep practices (sleep position, bed sharing, and pacifier use), feeding, and vaccination. Weighted frequencies of maternal trust in advice sources were calculated to obtain prevalence estimates. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of maternal and infant characteristics with maternal trust in advice sources. Results Mothers had the greatest trust in doctors for advice on all infant care practices (56–89 %), while trust was lowest for friends (13–22 %) and the media (10–14 %). In the adjusted analyses, there were significant associations of maternal race/ethnicity, education, and age with trust in advice sources. Conclusions for Practice Maternal trust in advice about infant care practices varied significantly by source. A better understanding of which advice sources are most trusted by mothers, as well as the factors associated with maternal trust, may guide the development of more effective strategies to improve adherence to health promoting infant care practices.
PL02.2 Reproductive tract infections in women

Numerous prospective studies have demonstrated that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, HSV-2, HPV, and HIV. Because unprotected sex is a risk factor for both BV and other genital tract infections, it has been difficult to determine whether BV mediates susceptibility to STIs. This presentation will examine the strength of the evidence, emphasising recent clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Additionally, we will explore advances in our understanding of mechanisms through which BV-associated bacteria could influence women’s susceptibility to other genital tract infections. Possible approaches for testing the hypothesis that BV increases the risk of STIs will be considered.
Sources and Genetics of Spot Blotch Resistance to a New Pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus in the USDA National Small Grains Collection

Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is one of the important barley diseases in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The disease has been under control for almost five decades due to the use of durable spot blotch resistance derived from the barley line ND B112. However, the emergence of isolate ND4008 with virulence on ND B112 prompted us to identify new sources of resistance to this new pathotype. In this study, we screened 2,062 barley accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture National Small Grains Collection for spot blotch resistance, and identified 40 barley accessions exhibiting a high level of resistance to isolate ND4008 at the seedling stage. In all, 24 of the barley accessions with seedling resistance also exhibited moderate to high adult plant resistance to ND4008 in greenhouse tests. Seven of the ND4008-resistant barley accessions showed seedling resistance to two other pathotypes (1 and 2) of the pathogen. Genetic study of resistant barley accessions PI 235186, PI 592275, and PI 643242 indicated that a single major dominant gene controls spot blotch resistance to ND4008 in each of these three accessions. These resistant sources are useful for developing barley cultivars with spot blotch resistance to all pathotypes of C. sativus.
An experimental and computational study of size-dependent contact-angle of dewetted metal nanodroplets below its melting temperature

Decorating 1D nanostructures (e.g., wires and tubes) with metal nanoparticles serves as a hierarchical approach to integrate the functionalities of metal oxides, semiconductors, and metals. This paper examines a simple and low-temperature approach to self-assembling gold nanoparticles (Au-np)—a common catalytic material—onto silicon nanowires (SiNWs). A conformal ultra-thin film (i.e., <15 nm thick) is deposited onto SiNWs and thermally dewetted, forming nanoparticles in the 6–70 nm range. Two parameters of its morphology are dependent upon dewetting conditions: particle size and particle contact angle. Using transmission electron microscopy imaging, it is found that annealing temperature profile has a strong effect on the particle size. Additionally, the contact angle is found to be dependent on particle size and temperature even below the eutectic temperature of the Au-Si alloy. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate potential explanations for such experimental observation. In this...
Two-Phase Contiguous Supported Lipid Bilayer Model for Membrane Rafts via Polymer Blotting and Stenciling

The supported lipid bilayer has been portrayed as a useful model of the cell membrane compatible with many biophysical tools and techniques that demonstrate its appeal in learning about the basic features of the plasma membrane. However, some of its potential has yet to be realized, particularly in the area of bilayer patterning and phase/composition heterogeneity. In this work, we generate contiguous bilayer patterns as a model system that captures the general features of membrane domains and lipid rafts. Micropatterned polymer templates of two types are investigated for generating patterned bilayer formation: polymer blotting and polymer lift-off stenciling. While these approaches have been used previously to create bilayer arrays by corralling bilayers patches with various types of boundaries impenetrable to bilayer diffusion, unique to the methods presented here, there are no physical barriers to diffusion. In this work, interfaces between contiguous lipid phases define the pattern shapes, with contin...
Impact of racial residential segregation (RRS) on stage at diagnosis and survival after diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

6557 Background: Racial disparities in disease presentation and survival have been reported for DLCBL, which may arise from biological or socioeconomic status (SES) differences that influence treat...
Manipulating Ion Migration for Highly Stable Light-Emitting Diodes with Single-Crystalline Organometal Halide Perovskite Microplatelets

Ion migration has been commonly observed as a detrimental phenomenon in organometal halide perovskite semiconductors, causing the measurement hysteresis in solar cells and ultrashort operation lifetimes in light-emitting diodes. In this work, ion migration is utilized for the formation of a p-i-n junction at ambient temperature in single-crystalline organometal halide perovskites. The junction is subsequently stabilized by quenching the ionic movement at a low temperature. Such a strategy of manipulating the ion migration has led to efficient single-crystalline light-emitting diodes that emit 2.3 eV photons starting at 1.8 V and sustain a continuous operation for 54 h at ∼5000 cd m–2 without degradation of brightness. In addition, a whispering-gallery-mode cavity and exciton–exciton interaction in the perovskite microplatelets have both been observed that can be potentially useful for achieving electrically driven laser diodes based on single-crystalline organometal halide perovskite semiconductors.
Routine Use of Topical Bacitracin to Prevent Sternal Wound Infections After Cardiac Surgery

Background The development of sternal wound infections remains a serious complication after cardiac surgery. A number of studies have assessed the use of topical antibiotics placed on the sternal edges. We evaluated the routine use of bacitracin ointment applied over the sternotomy skin incision as a prophylactic measure against sternal wound infections. Methods A retrospective review of all coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery cases performed at a single institution between 2006 and 2015 was performed (n = 1,495). Appropriate preoperative intravenous antibiotics were administered for all patients. Bacitracin topical antibiotic ointment was routinely applied to the sternal surgical incision after skin closure for all patients during this period. The incidence of sternal wound infection was assessed. Results During this 9-year experience, no episodes of deep sternal wound infections were observed, compared with a predicted rate of 0.29% (interquartile range: 0.19% to 0.46%) based on The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database risk calculator. Four episodes of superficial sternal wound infections were noted; gram-positive organisms were cultured in the majority of these cases. Bacitracin ointment was well tolerated by patients, with no serious adverse effects reported. Conclusions This study suggests that the routine application of topical bacitracin over the surgical skin incision is safe after cardiac surgery. Deep sternal wound infections were notably absent during this period. As a readily available and inexpensive therapy, this simple intervention may be a useful adjunct strategy in preventing sternal wound infections.
Efficacy of a partial hospital programme for adults with eating disorders

Partial hospital programmes (PHPs) have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of eating disorders (EDs); however, few programmes have examined long-term outcomes across diagnoses, including subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study examined the effectiveness of PHP for adult patients (n = 243) with AN-restricting subtype (n = 79), AN binge/purge subtype (n = 46), and bulimia nervosa (n = 118). These patients tended to have long-standing courses of illness (43%, illness duration >7 years) and high levels of psychiatric comorbidity (92.2%). Patients completed questionnaires at admission, discharge, and follow-up, M (SD) = 11.50 months (5.29). Through follow-up, all diagnoses demonstrated significant improvements in weight, ED psychopathology, and comorbid symptoms, with some exceptions for the AN binge/purge group. In exploratory analyses, 49% of patients met criteria for full or partial remission at discharge and 37% at follow-up. Results provide support for the effectiveness of PHP in improving ED outcomes in a severe sample through longer-term follow-up.
Software engineering: What is it?

In spite of many years of work by a multitude of organizations, a clear and simple standard for software engineering and management requirements and a method to assess their applicability to projects of various types and sizes remains elusive. From IEEE to CMMI to NASA's NPR 7150.2, there is no shortage of sources of information providing various types of requirements and standards for software engineering. Even a book on software project management for “dummies” approaches 400 pages. Wading through this information can dizzy the mind of even the most experienced software engineer; the newbie just trying to “do the right thing” will probably give up, open a text editor and start coding. This lack of clarity and simplicity perhaps goes a long way towards explaining why, in spite of this large body of work, there remains such an incredible variability in the knowledge and application of software engineering discipline not only from one organization to the next, but between groups within the same organization, or even between individual developers in the same group! Surely at least the basics of what should be done and why those things should be done can be conveyed in less than a novel-sized volume. There must be some timeless principles that cut across structured and object-oriented techniques, waterfall and agile methods, and CMMI and NASA standards. To properly interpret software engineering requirements and approaches and successfully (and selectively) apply them, one must first understand them at a fundamental level and how they can benefit the project. This paper will make an admittedly bold and brash attempt to boil it all down into something anyone can understand, hopefully resulting in a brief reference — a type of lens through which existing standards can be more practically viewed.
A Neuropsychological Normative Database for Lung Transplant Candidates

Psychologists are increasingly asked to make decisions regarding patient candidacy for transplantation. Despite the growing incidence of lung transplantation, normative research regarding cognitive functioning and end-stage obstructive lung disease is lacking. Hence, data are presented on 100 consecutively referred candidates for lung transplantation. The group data suggest essentially normal functioning on most cognitive tests for the majority of transplant candidates. Exceptions were seen on measures of attentional set shifting and short-term visual memory, which were impaired in nearly one fourth of this population. Additionally, one half of the patients displayed deficient performance on the Buschke Selective Reminding Test, with subjects at greater risk for severe rather than mild deficits. Unlike prior research, our group data suggest that there is potential risk of short-term noncontextual verbal memory difficulties because of end-stage pulmonary disease. Personality testing data, e.g., elevations on MMPI-2 scales measuring depression and anxiety, are also discussed.
Designing effective AAC displays for individuals with developmental or acquired disabilities: State of the science and future research directions.

This paper reviews research on the impact of AAC display variables on visual attention and performance of children with developmental disabilities and adults with acquired conditions, and considers...
Variable Speed Release (VSR): Speed Control to Increase Bottleneck Capacity

This paper proposes a speed control method termed variable speed release (VSR) to increase bottleneck capacity. The main idea is to increase the speed of vehicles approaching a bottleneck to reduce the probability of traffic breakdown and sustain higher flow, thereby achieving a higher system throughput. This paper provides insight into the mechanism of improvement through modeling and a numerical experiment. The results suggest that the proposed VSR control would be particularly effective with smaller response time, which can be realized by connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies. This paper also provides conditions in which VSR control would be effective or should be complemented with other control methods such as variable speed limit and ramp metering control. The results of evaluation by microscopic simulations demonstrate significant improvements of system throughput, particularly in a CAV environment.
The Implications of Reproductive Aging for the Health, Vitality and Economic Welfare of Human Societies.

Context Powerful demographic transitions towards aging of human populations, older age at first childbirth, and lower birth-rates will profoundly influence the health, vitality, and economies of human societies, and deserve greater attention in health policy and research. Evidence acquisition Information on birth-rates, fertility rates, and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies were obtained from databases of government agencies (census data, Centers for Disease Control). Evidence synthesis Fecundity declines with advancing age, especially in women >35 and in men >50. Advanced parental age adversely affects pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the offspring, and increases the offspring's risk of chromosomal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and birth defects. Because of increased life expectancy, today, men and women can expect to spend a major portion of their life during a period of reproductive senescence; diseases associated with reproductive senescence will influence the health and wellbeing of middle-aged and older adults. Inversion of the population age pyramid would affect healthcare costs, retirement age, generational distribution of wealth, and the vitality of human societies.Several actions can be taken to mitigate the societal consequences of these trends. An educational campaign to inform young people about the trade-offs associated with postponement of childbirth will enable them to make informed choices. Some repositioning of research agenda and healthcare policy is needed to address the public health threat posed by reproductive aging. Conclusion The societal consequences of low fertility rates and delayed parenthood on nation's health, vitality, and economic growth should be considered in crafting research, health and economic policy.
Donor-/Acceptor-Substituted Tetrakis(arylethynyl)benzenes: The Influence of Donor Group on Optoelectronic Properties.

We have prepared nine structural isomers of a tetrakis(arylethynyl)benzene chromophore functionalized with 4-butoxyphenyl and pyridyl units as the respective donor and acceptor units and examined their steady-state spectroscopic parameters to study how small structural variations effect the electronic absorption and emission spectra. Unlike their 4-dibutylaminophenyl congeners that exhibited dynamic hypsochromic or bathochromic shifts in response to Lewis and Bronsted acids, the current class of compounds simply showed quenched fluorescence upon protonation; only AlCl3 elicited a red-shifted fluorescence response. Computational studies of each system were also performed to provide additional insight into the energy levels and electronic transitions present.
Higher Rate of Early Revision Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Under Age 55: A Cautionary Tale.

Abstract Introduction There has been an increased number of TKA performed in young and active patients. While improved materials have decreased the likelihood of early catastrophic wear, concerns remain with the performance and survivorship of TKA implants in this patient population. The purpose this study is to evaluate perioperative complications, patient reported outcomes and implant survivorship of TKAs performed in patients under age 55. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 4259 primary TKA performed over a 4-year period. There were 741 TKA in patients under age 55. The primary outcome of interest was rate of revision at 30 days, 1, 2, and 5-year time points. Secondary outcomes included postoperative transfusion rate, length of stay(LOS), rate of DVT/PE, need for manipulation under anesthesia, readmission and reoperation within 30 days as well as patient reported outcomes. Results There were 3518 patients over 55 and 741 patients under 55. Overall, 175 patients required revision(4.1%). Patients under 55 had significantly higher cumulative revision rate at 1 (3.4% vs. 1.8%; p Discussion Despite improvements in TKA implants, young and active patients remained at higher risk of early revision compared to older patients. The data should be used to counsel young prospective TKA patients about the early risk of reoperation and non-wear related complications.
PSA Peugeot Citroen’s Car Plants in Spain Part I: 1951–1989

This chapter covers the histories of PSA’s Vigo and Madrid car plants through 1989. It begins with Vigo’s origins as Citroen Hispania Balaidos, including Peugeot’s absorption of Citroen in 1974. It then reviews PSA Madrid’s beginnings as Barreiros Diesel in the capital city’s Villaverde district, its expansion to incorporate a Chrysler car plant in 1965, and PSA’s decision to acquire Chrysler’s European operations in 1978. The remainder of this chapter focuses on PSA’s 1979–1989 efforts to integrate these two Spanish factories into its European production network. This then provides a foundation for Chap. 17.
Hsp60 in Cancer Immunity: Biological Basis, Diagnostic Potential and Therapeutic Opportunities

Hsp60 is involved in tumor immune mechanisms leading to recognition of transformed cells and inhibition of growth of neoplastic tissue. As tumors grow, Hsp60 participates in disease progression through its involvement in immunoescape. In this chapter, the interactions between Hsp60 and the tumor microenvironment are discussed as they offer key elements to illustrate the context-dependent functions of Hsp60 in tumor immunomodulation. Next, the applicability of Hsp60 as a diagnostic, prognostic, and marker for therapy response is discussed. Finally, the prospect of targeting Hsp60 and its immunomodulatory effects in tumors is explored. A critical component of self- and nonself-recognition, Hsp60 has value as a tumor marker and therapeutic agent. Study of its context-dependent immune functions offer the prospect of delivering better diagnostic and personalized therapeutic approaches.
Integrated Photonics for RF Sensing Applications

Photonic technologies continue to make tremendous strides as advanced sensors in the automotive, commerce, medical, telecommunications and mil/aerospace markets [1,2,3]. Research and development in photonics is also growing on a global scale and will have an impact on the next of segment of the economic growth integral to advances in 5G and adaptive/reconfigurable mesh information networks [4,5,6]. It is critical to note that to take full advantage of what photonic technologies have to offer, they must achieve higher levels of integration of their key components and further merge efficiently with mainstream semiconductor technologies in order to be most effective as more and more data needs to be represented with very low latency. This paper delves into the trends being established globally in integrated photonics and addresses the some of the challenges required to improve radio frequency (RF) sensing that are likely to be common across mil/aerospace and commercial applications.
Levaquin Gets a Pass.

ABSTRACT Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis has been associated with poor outcomes after intensive therapy. We evaluated the effect of levofloxacin (LEVO), the most commonly used prophylactic antibacterial antibiotic during intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), on the gut microbiota in 2 cohorts of patients, 1 cohort comprising 20 patients with acute leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy and the other cohort comprising 20 allo-HCT recipients. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of thrice-weekly collected stool samples permitted a comparison between intervals with no antibacterial antibiotic exposure and those with only LEVO exposure. In mixed-effects modeling, the only variables influenced by LEVO were the relative abundances of Parabacteroides (regression coefficient, -.063; 99% confidence interval [CI], -.102 to -.024) and Blautia (regression coefficient, .050; 99% CI, .004 to .095). Other taxa and microbiota diversity were unaffected. Overall, the effect of LEVO on the gut microbiota in these cohorts was mild.
Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy in Cold and Dry Chronic Heart Failure Patients

Purpose LVAD therapy has been primarily studied in patients with elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) and low cardiac index (CI), “cold and wet”. In daily practice, LVADs are often also offered to patients with low PCW and low CI, “cold and dry”. The efficacy of LVAD therapy in this population is not well studied. Methods Patients implanted with LVAD with a baseline CI 18mmHg) or “dry” (PCW Results Serial invasive hemodynamics data was available for 92 pts (cold-dry group, n=34 and cold-wet group, n=58) (Table). Diuretic and vasodilator use pre-LVAD was comparable in both groups. Cold-dry patients had no change in CVP or PCW with a smaller increase in CI after LVAD. Adjusted 3-year mortality was higher for cold-dry patients (Figure). Age (HR=1.09, 95%CI 1.02-1.2; p=006) and cold-dry profile (HR=5.4, 95%CI 1.4-21; p=0.016) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion “Cold and dry” patients with advanced heart failure may not derive equal benefit from LVAD therapy as those who are “cold and wet”. This observation warrants further investigation.
Elevated Methemoglobin Levels in a Patient Treated with Hydroxocobalamin After Suspected Cyanide Exposure.

Abstract Background Cyanide (CN) toxicity commonly occurs during enclosed-space fires. Historically, the first step in treating CN toxicity utilized amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite to induce methemoglobinemia, which can be dangerous in this population. Hydroxocobalamin (OHCob), which binds to CN to form the nontoxic metabolite cyanocobalamin, is now the first-line antidote for CN toxicity, and has the advantage of not inducing methemoglobinemia. Case Report A 62-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department (ED) after a house fire. He was intubated for respiratory distress and hypoxia with an initial carboxyhemoglobin of 1.3%, methemoglobin 0.3%, and anion gap 19. Eleven hours after presentation, his serum lactic acid was 9 mmol/L. Given his continued deterioration, 14 h after arrival he received OHCob 5 g i.v. for presumed CN toxicity. Methemoglobin concentration 4 min prior to OHCob administration was 0.7%, and 2 h after administration was 4.2%. This subsequently increased to 14.3% (16 h after OHCob administration) and peaked at 16.3% (47 h after OHCob administration), at which time he was administered a dose of methylene blue 50 mg i.v., 60 h after ED arrival. His methemoglobin concentrations fluctuated until a consistent downward trend starting at 92 h from ED arrival. He continued to deteriorate and expired on hospital day 5 with a methemoglobin concentration of approximately 6.0%. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? CN toxicity requires immediate recognition and treatment. The antidote, OHCob, is believed to not induce methemoglobinemia. However, this potential side effect must be considered by emergency physicians when treating suspected CN toxicity, especially if the patient does not improve after antidotal therapy.
Challenges of measuring software impact through citations: An examination of the lme4 R package

Abstract The rise of software as a research object is mirrored by increasing interests in quantitative studies of scientific software. However, inconsistent citation practices have led most existing studies of this type to base their analysis of software impact on software name mentions, as identified in full-text publications. Despite its limitations, citation data exists in much greater quantities and covers a broader array of scientific fields than full-text data, and thus can support investigations with much wider scope. This paper aims to analyze the extent to which citation data can be used to reconstruct the impact of software. Specifically, we identify the variety of citable objects related to the lme4 R package and examine how the package’s impact is dispersed across these objects. Our results shed light on a little-discussed challenge of using citation data to measure software impact: even within the category of formal citation, the same software object might be cited in different forms. We consider the implications of this challenge and propose a method to reconstruct the impact of lme4 through its citations nonetheless.
MeV-scale performance of water-based and pure liquid scintillator detectors

This paper presents studies of the performance of water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS) in both 1-kt and 50-kt detectors. Performance is evaluated in comparison to both pure water Cherenkov detectors and a nominal model for pure scintillator detectors. Performance metrics include energy, vertex, and angular resolution, along with a metric for the ability to separate the Cherenkov from the scintillation signal as being representative of various particle identification capabilities that depend on the Cherenkov/scintillation ratio. We also modify the time profile of scintillation light to study the same performance metrics as a function of rise and decay time. We go on to interpret these results in terms of their impact on certain physics goals, such as solar neutrinos and the search for Majorana neutrinos. This work supports and validates previous results, and the assumptions made therein, and serves as a significant stepping stone to complete detector design studies by using a more detailed detector model and full reconstruction, with a primarily data-driven optical model, and fewer model assumptions. With this model, a high-coverage 50-kt detector achieves better than 10 (1)% precision on the flux of neutrinos from the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle with a water-based liquid scintillator (pure LS) target in five years of data taking. A 1-kt LS detector, with a conservative 50% fiducial volume of 0.5 kt, can achieve better than 5% detection. A liquid scintillator detector has sensitivity into the normal hierarchy region for Majorana neutrinos with half-life sensitivity of ${T}_{1/2}^{0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}}g1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{years}$ at 90% C.L. for 10 years of data taking with a Te-loaded target.
Ultra Unification.

Strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces were unified in the Standard Model (SM) with spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. These forces were further conjectured to be unified in a simple Lie group gauge interaction in the Grand Unification (GUT). In this work, we propose a theory beyond the SM and GUT by adding new gapped Topological Phase Sectors consistent with the nonperturbative global anomaly matching and cobordism constraints (especially from the baryon minus lepton number ${\bf B}-{\bf L}$ and the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly). Gapped Topological Phase Sectors are constructed via symmetry extension, whose low energy contains unitary topological quantum field theories (TQFTs): either 3+1d non-invertible TQFT (long-range entangled gapped phase), or 4+1d invertible or non-invertible TQFT (short-range or long-range entangled gapped phase), or right-handed neutrinos, or their combinations. We propose that a new high-energy physics frontier beyond the conventional 0d particle physics relies on the new Topological Force and Topological Matter including gapped extended objects (gapped 1d line and 2d surface operators or defects, etc., whose open ends carry deconfined fractionalized particle or anyonic string excitations). Physical characterizations of these gapped extended objects require the mathematical theories of cohomology, cobordism, or category. Although weaker than the weak force, Topological Force is infinite-range or long-range which does not decay in the distance, and mediates between the linked worldvolume trajectories via fractional or categorical statistical interactions.
Rethinking the Medicalization of Violence: The Risks of a Behavioral Addiction Model:

This commentary responds to and problematizes Kimmel and Rowe's approach in "A Behavioral Addiction Model of Revenge, Violence, and Gun Abuse." By advancing an addiction model of retaliatory violence, Kimmel and Rowe medicalize behavior that is better understood as a social problem rooted in structural inequality. Reframing violence in terms of individual pathology abstracts it from social context and risks obscuring the need for structural change. For poor urban communities of color, who are disproportionately impacted by gun violence, medicalizing violent behavior may fuel further marginalization and oppression.
Mental health symptoms and academic achievement factors

Assess academic habits and self-efficacy of college students with serious mental illnesses and explore their relationship with mental health symptoms. Participants: College students with serious me...
Vesicovaginal fistula

The most common cause of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) in North America is injury to the bladder during a hysterectomy. In underdeveloped countries, childbirth is the leading etiology of these fistulae. Although the diagnosis of a VVF usually can be readily made in an outpatient setting, care must be exercised not to overlook a second fistula or concomitant ureteral injury. The timing of repair of the VVF is dependent on its etiology, comorbidities, and the anticipated approach for repair of the fistula. The transvaginal approach is more amenable to an early repair, is less invasive, and is accompanied by a 90% or higher success rate. Fistulae related to pelvic irradiation and recurrent fistulae are complex and may require interposition of vascularized tissue for successful repair.
The Primacy of Justice

The thesis of the Primacy of Justice holds that agents within the justice system—including judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and jury members—are ethically obligated to serve justice first, ahead of the law, tradition, or the interests of their clients. For example, juries should refuse to convict defendants under unjust laws, prosecutors should refuse to prosecute under such laws, judges should refuse to give unjust sentences, and lawyers should refuse to pursue unjust legal outcomes.
Throughput Capacity Comparison for Airport Pickup and Dropoff Facilities

An airport serves as an interface between ground and air transportation; the efficient processing of ground transportation arrivals and departures is, therefore, an important part of airport operat...
4-H Youth Volunteer Retention in Science Projects

Retention of volunteers and participants is a critical concern for programs that rely on their manpower, but limited empirical research exists, especially on youth volunteers. This descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative study examined the influence of volunteer motivation, participation, and science project type on the retention of 4-H youth volunteers ages 12 to 19 years participating in science projects in 3 states. An instrument was created for this study that included both existing survey scales and researcher-developed items based on combined research from the citizen science, volunteer development, and youth development fields. The research revealed that consistency and engagement were correlated with the predictors of retention, but race was not. 4-H science programs have a significantly higher likelihood of retaining youth participants than 4-H citizen science programs. Suggestions for youth educators to develop retention strategies are discussed based on the findings and future research into youth volunteer engagement is proposed.
Instruction Fetching Mechanisms for Superscalar Microprocessors

Instruction fetching is critical to the performance of a superscalar microprocessor. We develop a mathematical model for three different cache techniques and evaluate its performance both in theory and in simulation using the SPEC95 suite of benchmarks. In all the techniques, the fetching performance is dramatically lower than ideal expectations. To help remedy the situation, we also evaluate its performance using prefetching. Nevertheless, fetching performance is fundamentally limited by control transfers. To solve this problem, we introduce a new fetching mechanism called a dual branch target buffer. The dual branch target buffer enables fetching performance to leap beyond the limitation imposed by conventional methods and achieve a high instruction fetching rate.
Bladder diverticulectomy: With aid of inflated Foley balloon catheter

Abstract A technique of bladder diverticulectomy using an inflated Foley catheter is described.