cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weight cycling and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women : Evidence of an adverse effect. A report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study

Abstract OBJECTIVES We undertook an analysis of weight cycling, coronary risk factors and angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. BACKGROUND The effect of weight cycling on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity is controversial, and the impact of weight cycling on cardiovascular risk factors is unclear. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population study of 485 women with coronary risk factors undergoing coronary angiography for evaluation of suspected myocardial ischemia enrolled in the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Reported lifetime weight cycling—defined as voluntary weight loss of at least 10 lbs at least 3 times—coronary risk factors including core laboratory determined blood lipoproteins and CAD, as determined by a core angiographic laboratory, are the main outcome measures. RESULTS Overall, 27% of women reported weight cycling—19% cycled 10 to 19 lbs, 6% cycled 20 to 49 lbs, and 2% cycled 50+ lbs. Reported weight cycling was associated with 7% lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in women (p = 0.01). The HDL-C effect was directly related to the amount of weight cycled with women who lost ≥50 lbs/cycle having HDL-C levels 27% lower than noncyclers (p = 0.0025). This finding was independent of other HDL-C modulators, including estrogen status, physical activity level, alcohol intake, body mass index, diabetes, beta-blocker use, cigarette smoking and race. Weight cycling was not associated with an increased prevalence of CAD in this population. CONCLUSIONS Weight cycling is associated with lower HDL-C in women of a magnitude that is known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiac events as demonstrated in prior clinical trials.
Axiomatic first-order probability

Most languages for the Semantic Web have their logical basis in some fragment of first-order logic. Thus, integrating first-order logic with probability is fundamental for representing and reasoning with uncertainty in the semantic web. Defining semantics for probability logics presents a dilemma: a logic that assigns a real-valued probability to any first-order sentence cannot be axiomatized and lacks a complete proof theory. This paper develops a first-order axiomatic theory of probability in which probability is formalized as a function mapping Godel numbers to elements of a real closed field. The resulting logic is fully first-order and recursively axiomatizable, and therefore has a complete proof theory. This gives rise to a plausible reasoning logic with a number of desirable properties: the logic can represent arbitrarily fine-grained degrees of plausibility intermediate between proof and disproof; all mathematical and logical assumptions can be explicitly represented as finite computational structures accessible to automated reasoners; contradictions can be discovered in finite time; and the logic supports learning from observation.
Electron Microscopy of Listeria monocytogenes-Infected Mouse Spleen

Armstrong, B. A. (The University of Kansas, Lawrence), and C. P. Sword. Electron microscopy of Listeria monocytogenes -infected mouse spleen. J. Bacteriol. 91: 1346–1355. 1966.—Mouse spleen infected with Listeria monocytogenes was observed during the acute phase of infection; 72 hr after infection, organisms were usually found within phagocytic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of macrophages. These vacuoles, which resembled phagosomes, often contained several organisms as well as varying amounts of amorphous electron-dense material, ferritin-like particles, membrane fragments, and vesicles of varying density. Breakdown of vacuolar membranes appeared to be accompanied by damage to the host cell cytoplasm. Nuclear membrane damage was occasionally observed when phagocytic vacuoles were close to the nucleus. Images
A high-performance machine tool controller

Advanced machine tool features such as automatic online system identification, a capability for nonrotationally-symmetric control, and fast nanometer positioning are possible, but are hindered because of the need to combine developing precision engineering techniques with a high-performance but flexible computer hardware and software architecture. The emergence of high-speed digital signal processors and other fast but relatively inexpensive CPUs has made available the computational power necessary for such applications. The integration of these elements into a workable system is a necessary step to better define related research directions. A project to demonstrate advanced tool capabilities is underway. The standard controller for a Pneumo ASG 2500 Diamond Turning Machine (DTM) is being replaced with a custom high-performance design. A description is given of the status of the DTM controller project, the computer hardware and software being developed, and plans for future research. >
MIDAZOLAM (M) SEDATION FOR COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) IN CHILDREN (C): PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) AND PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD)

MIDAZOLAM (M) SEDATION FOR COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) IN CHILDREN (C): PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) AND PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD)
INTERACTION BETWEEN THE PARAMETERS OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ON ASPARTASE OF Escherichia coli

Abstract Haight, Roger D. (University of Nebraska, Lincoln) and Richard Y. Morita. Interaction between the parameters of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on aspartase of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 83:112–120. 1962.—The data obtained from studies of an aspartase preparation and aspartase in cells of Escherichia coli indicate that there is an interaction between the parameters of hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Pressure was found to decrease aspartase activity at 45 C and lower in vitro and below 53 C in vivo, thereby indicating that when the enzyme-substrate complex is formed there is an increase in molecular volume which is counteracted by pressure. Above 53 C in vivo and above 45 C in vitro, temperature probably starts the unfolding process of the enzyme to expose more reactive sites, while pressure then pushes the enzyme and substrate into closer proximity with each other. Thus, pressure stimulated activity and also prevents further unfolding of the enzyme. Since the enzyme preparation retains about the same level of activity after being subjected first to 1000 atm at 56 C, the aspartase probably refolds into its original configuration or one similar to it, when subjected to 1 atm at 37 C. In all cases, the presence of the substrate was found necessary to protect aspartase from thermal inactivation or denaturation.
Estrogen-induced DNA synthesis in vascular endothelial cells is mediated by ROS signaling.

Since estrogen is known to increase vascular endothelial cell growth, elevated estrogen exposure from hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives has the potential to contribute in the development of abnormal proliferative vascular lesions and subsequent thickening of the vasculature. How estrogen may support or promote vascular lesions is not clear. We have examined in this study whether estrogen exposure to vascular endothelial cells increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and estrogen-induced ROS is involved in the growth of endothelial cells. The effect of estrogen on the production of intracellular oxidants and the role of estrogen-induced ROS on cell growth was studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ROS were measured by monitoring the oxidation of 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin by spectrofluorometry. Endothelial cell growth was measured by a colorimetric immunoassay based on BrdU incorporation into DNA. Physiological concentrations of estrogen (367 fmol and 3.67 pmol) triggered a rapid 2-fold increase in intracellular oxidants in endothelial cells. E2-induced ROS formation was inhibited to basal levels by cotreatment with the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone (2 μM) and xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (50 μM). Inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase, apocynin and DPI, did not block E2-induced ROS formation. Furthermore, the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, did not prevent the increase in E2-induced ROS. These findings indicate both mitochondria and xanthine oxidase are the source of ROS in estrogen treated vascular endothelial cells. E2 treated cells showed a 2-fold induction of BrdU incorporation at 18 h which was not observed in cells exposed to vehicle alone. Cotreatment with ebselen (20 μM) and NAC (1 mM) inhibited E2-induced BrdU incorporation without affecting the basal levels of DNA synthesis. The observed inhibitory effect of NAC and ebselen on E2-induced DNA synthesis was also shown to be dose dependent. We have shown that estrogen exposure stimulates the rapid production of intracellular ROS and they are involved in growth signaling of endothelial cells. It appears that the early estrogen signaling does not require estrogen receptor genomic signaling because we can inhibit estrogen-induced DNA synthesis by antioxidants. Findings of this study may further expand research defining the underlying mechanism of how estrogen may promote vascular lesions. It also provides important information for the design of new antioxidant-based drugs or new antioxidant gene therapy to protect the cardiovascular health of individuals sensitive to estrogen.
Response, In Defense of DACA, Deferred Action, and the DREAM Act

This essay responds to “The Obama Administration, the DREAM Act and the Take Care Clause” by Robert J. Delahunty and John C. Yoo. Though I credit Yoo and Delahunty for considering the relationship between the DACA program and the President’s duties under the “Take Care” clause, they miss the mark in at least three ways: 1) Contrary to ignoring immigration enforcement, the Obama Administration has executed the immigration laws faithfully and forcefully; 2) Far from being a new policy that undercuts statutory law, prosecutorial discretion actions like DACA have been pursued by other presidents, and part of the immigration system for at least 35 years; 3) Despite the unsurprising fact that some people who could qualify for the congressionally-created DREAM Act possess the kinds of equities that make them attractive for a prosecutorial discretion program like DACA, it is simply inaccurate to equate the limbo status offered with a grant under DACA to the secure status that attaches to those eligible under the congressional solution known as the DREAM Act. These three points are analyzed in greater detail in this essay. While the DACA program “feels” like something more or greater in scope than previous acts of prosecutorial discretion, the authority being exercised by the agency is no greater or different. It is dangerous to argue that the potential size of the class that stands to benefit from DACA or the greater transparency somehow makes the DACA program legally unsound or different. Conceivably, a future Administration could place a cap on the number of applications that can be approved under DACA but this is a policy question, not a constitutional one.
Response of simian virus 40-transformed cell lines and cell hybrids to superinfection with simian virus 40 and its deoxyribonucleic acid.

Abstract Whereas normal human and monkey cells were susceptible both to intact simian virus 40 (SV40) and to SV40 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), human and monkey cells transformed by SV40 were incapable of producing infectious virus after exposure to SV40, but displayed susceptibility to SV40 DNA. On the other hand, mouse and hamster cells, either normal or SV40-transformed, were resistant both to the virus and to SV40 DNA. Hybrids between permissive and nonpermissive parental cells revealed a complex response: whereas most hybrids tested were resistant, three of them produced a small amount of infectious virus upon challenge with SV40 DNA. All were resistant to whole virus challenge. The persistence of infectious SV40 DNA in permissive and nonpermissive cells up to 96 hr after infection was ascertained by cell fusion. The decay kinetics proved to be quite different in permissive and nonpermissive cells. Adsorption of SV40 varied widely among the different cell lines. Very low adsorption of SV40 was detected in nonsusceptible cells with the exception of the mKS-BU100 cell line. A strong increase in SV40 adsorption was produced by pretreating cells with polyoma virus. In spite of this increased adsorption, the resistance displayed by SV40-transformed cells to superinfection with the virus was maintained.
CusC Heavy Metal Efflux Channel of Escherichia Coli

Diverse antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is often due to the expression of tripartite efflux complexes. These multiprotein machines span the cellular envelope and expel diverse toxic compounds directly from the cell. They are composed of an outer membrane channel, a periplasmic adaptor, and an inner membrane transporter. In Escherichia coli, the CusCBA efflux complex confers resistance to toxic Cu(I) and Ag(I). The CusC channel is the last step in the efflux pathway, forming a β-barrel transmembrane pore and an α-helical periplasmic tunnel. We discuss the crystal structures of E. coli CusC, as well as the homologous channel proteins Campylobacter jejuni CmeC and Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrE. These structures suggest that the first N-terminal cysteine residue is critical for the insertion and folding of outer membrane channel proteins into the bilayer. The opening and closing of these channel proteins may depend on interactions with their corresponding adaptor proteins. The assembly of the complete tripartite efflux complex is also discussed. On the basis of the current structural data, these protein complexes should operate in a stoichiometry of 3:6:3, channel:adaptor:transporter. 3D Structure Crystal structure of the CusC heavy-metal efflux channel. This is a side view of the trimeric CusC outer membrane channel. PDB code: 4K7R. This and other structural figures are prepared using the program PyMOL.1 Keywords: outer membrane factor; membrane fusion protein; resistance-nodulation-cell division; tripartite efflux complex; CusCBA; heavy metal resistance; multidrug resistance
MST responses to pursuit across optic flow with motion parallax.

Self-movement creates the patterned visual motion of optic flow with a focus of expansion (FOE) that indicates heading direction. During pursuit eye movements, depth cues create a retinal flow fiel...
TLP characterization for testing system level ESD performance

A case study of system level ESD protection is presented for a scheme requiring compliance to the IEC 61000–4–2 standard. The behavior of the circuit was analyzed using TLP testing under biased conditions. Compared to the unbiased case, it was found that the response of the circuit becomes erratic at the lower current levels under the external bias leading to an unexpected early failure during the system level ESD test. Improving the triggering response of the ESD clamp to overcome this effect in the presence of an external bias greatly enhanced the system level ESD performance. The biased TLP analysis was found to be a useful tool to study the IEC performance.
Purification and Characterization of Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice Virus

Abstract Epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus has been purified from the intestines of infected mice using enzymatic digestion, precipitation with polyethylene glycol, extraction with Genesolv-D, and sucrose step-gradient centrifugation. The purified virus was found to be stable at −70 C or when treated with ether, chloroform, or sodium deoxycholate. Biochemical analysis of purified virions has suggested that the nucleic acid type of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus was of the ribonucleic acid type. Preparations of purified virions stained with phosphotungstic acid showed a particle with icosahedral symmetry, 54 ± 2 nm in diameter and probably composed of 32 hollow capsomeres.
In Search of the Person in the Patient: An Interpersonal Perspective on “Roles in the Psychoanalytic Relationship”: Commentary on Paper by Richard Almond

I am postulating an irreconcilable discrepancy between psychoanalytic metapsychology and praxis. Metapsychology reaches for the abstract, for the general class of which the patient is an ostensible member—said class, somewhat tautologically, demonstrating the validity of the professed metapsychology. Yet, from the Interpersonal view, therapy depends on grasping the highly idiosyncratic way the patient plays out his or her life both in and out of the therapy room. Abstracting the patient concretizes the process and reduces information. As a consequence, the clinical material falls short of utilizing the rich, recursive patterning of the therapist's exchanges with the patient, failing to fully realize the uncanny enmeshment of unconscious gears that so defines the psychoanalytic mystique.
RADICAL PAIR INTERACTIONS IN SPINACH CHLOROPLASTS

Abstract Time-resolved EPR studies were done on broken spinach chloroplasts under reducing conditions at low temperature (10 K). A dramatic dependence of signal dynamics and lineshape in the g 2.00 region on the reduction state of Photosystem I is demonstrated. Computer simulations of the spin-polarized lineshapes obtained in this work suggest that the primary electron acceptor in Photosystem I, a species known as A1, could be a chlorophyll a dimer.
Characteristics of Circulating Donor Human Leukocyte Antigen-specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Predictive of Acute Antibody-mediated Rejection and Kidney Allograft Failure

BACKGROUND Characteristics of pretransplant antibodies directed at donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor-specific antibodies (DSA) associated with adverse outcomes in kidney transplant recipients are being elucidated but uncertainties exist. METHODS We prospectively screened pretransplant sera from 543 kidney recipients using single antigen bead assays and identified 154 patients with and 389 without DSA. We investigated the association of DSA features to acute rejection and graft failure. RESULTS One-year acute rejection incidence was higher in DSA-positive group (P < 0.001), primarily due to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR, 13% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001) and not T cell-mediated rejection (ACR, 5% vs.6%, P = 0.65). The sum of mean fluorescence intensity of DSA (DSA MFI-Sum) of 6,000 or higher (OR, 18; 95% CI, 7.0-47; P < 0.001) and the presence of DSA against both HLA class I and II (OR, 39; 95% CI, 14-106; P < 0.0001) predicted 1-year AMR, independent of other covariates. Calculated panel reactive antibody and a positive flow cytometry cross-match result were associated with AMR by bivariate analysis but neither was an independent predictor in a multivariable regression analysis that included DSA-MFI-Sum or HLA DSA class. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, the covariate-adjusted hazard ratio for graft failure was 2.03 (95%CI, 1.05-3.92; P = 0.04) for DSA MFI-Sum of 6,000 or higher and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.04-4.80; P = 0.04) for class I and II DSA. Prediction of graft failure was not independent of AMR. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that DSA MFI-Sum and HLA class of DSA are characteristics predictive of AMR and graft failure. The elevated risk of graft failure in those with the identified features of DSA is attributable to increased risk of AMR.
Electrical and optical characteristics of evaporable-glass-dielectric ac gas display panels

This paper presents the characteristics of a prototype gas display panel fabricated with electron-beam deposited dielectric films. It is shown that panels with a 6-µm-thick dielectric layer and a 0.2-µm-thick MgO layer exhibit short stabilization times (15 min), long life (20 000 h), small drift effects ( 10 V) over a wide pressure range. Dielectric glass layers as thin as 3.2 µm were found to be stable. A panel with a small H2O impurity concentration was used to show that the hydrated MgO surface caused charge leakage and loss of memory margin, while a panel with an air leak confirmed that the surface saturated before the effects of gas contamination were observed.
Federal set-asides policy and minority business contracting: understanding the adarand decision

In Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1), the Supreme Court ruled that federal affirmative action preference programs must undergo the “strict scrutiny” standard. A program subject to strict scrutiny is one that cannot pass muster under the Constitution's “equal protection” mandate unless there is a “compelling government interest” in its objectives and the program is “narrowly tailored” to meet the objectives. This paper reviews the Adarand decision and discusses the implications of the decision for minority business federal contracting.
Spin transfer as stabilization mechanism in arsenic based Zintl clusters

Abstract The validity of the Zintl concept is explored for clusters analogous to As 2 2− and As 3 3− . Thus, ab initio investigations on small composites of As i ( i =2,3) units and alkali metal, alkaline earth and group III components are performed with the aim of evaluating the role played by electron transfer from the adsorbed atoms to the As i subsystem in the stabilization of the combined system. The relevance of spin selectivity in the Zintl process is emphasized. As it turns out, it is possible to support or to suppress the formation of a Zintl system through a suitable choice of spin constraints.
Book Review: Robert E. Goodin, Reflective Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 279, £19.99:

(2003). Book Review: Robert E. Goodin, Reflective Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 279, £19.99. Political Science: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 84-86.
Establishing a cardiovascular health and wellness program in a community pharmacy: Screening for metabolic syndrome

Abstract Objectives To implement a comprehensive service to screen for metabolic syndrome, assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, determine the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), and measure the effectiveness of patient education on lifestyle modifications. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Community pharmacy in Pennsylvania between February 2006 and August 2007. Patients 239 patients 18 years of age or older with no history of CHD. Intervention Participating patients were screened for metabolic syndrome, Framingham risk assessment, and medication use. Test results were discussed and patients were educated on metabolic syndrome and lifestyle recommendations. A follow-up survey was administered. Main outcome measures Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study population, Framingham risk assessment of those with metabolic syndrome, proportion of patients with self-reported lifestyle modifications. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study population was 36%. The Framingham risk assessment of patients with metabolic syndrome and no known history of diabetes revealed that 65.3% were at low risk, 26.4% were at moderate risk, and 8.3% were at high risk for CHD. Of the study population with no known history of prediabetes or diabetes, 26% had an abnormal glucose reading. Of those with metabolic syndrome, 87% self-reported a lifestyle modification in the area of diet, exercise, or weight loss in the following 3- to 6-month follow-up period. Conclusion Pharmacists have an important role in screening patients for risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. By providing education on lifestyle modifications, pharmacists can increase the likelihood that patients with metabolic syndrome implement lifestyle changes. A metabolic syndrome screening and education program can be successfully implemented in a community pharmacy setting.
Genetic Analysis of Fiber Length Uniformity in Upland Cotton

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) has been used from antiquity for its seed hairs in the production of yarn and fabric. Fibers vary in length from less than 12.7 mm, which cannot be spun into yarns, to over 30 mm. Variation in fiber lengths and therefore shape of the distribution curves vary across cultivars with more uniform length and distribution desirable to reduce wastage in spinning and to produce better yarn. A diallel analysis and broad sense heritability (H 2 ) study for three measures of fiber length distribution in upland cotton was conducted in 2001 and 2002 in College Station, TX. Four genotypes with long upper half mean length (UHML), 'TAM 94L-25' (PI 631440), 'Fibermax 832' (PI 603955), 'TTU 202' (PI 613162), and 'Acala 1517-99' (PI 612326), and one genotype with short UHML, 'Tamcot CAMD-E' (PI 529633), were crossed and evaluated in a diallel without reciprocals, including the F 2 generation. Fiber length distributions, based on fiber length by weight (FLw), of parents, F1, and F2 generations were evaluated in terms of cross-entropy, kurtosis, and skewness. Tamcot CAMD-E and Acala 1517-99 were identified as potential parents to increase kurtosis and decrease cross-entropy values. The lack of heterosis and the low H 2 values among these genotypes suggested that additional potential parents for improving FLw distribution patterns need to be evaluated. Additional information also will be mandatory relative to the most desirable fiber length distribution.
A Method for Rapid Determination of Moisture‐Adsorption Isotherms of Solid Particles

SUMMARY A new method for rapid determination of moisture-adsorption isotherms is a modification of the method suggested by Wilson and Fuwa in 1922. Air at a certain constant relative humidity is recirculated in a closed system through a tube loosely packed with a sample of solid particles, as a result of which the moisture in the sample equilibrates to the environmental relative humidity. This method is indirect but gives results in relatively short periods. A peristaltic pump, designed in this laboratory, circulated air through 12 independent closed systems. Thus, moisture-adsorption isotherms in a wide range of relative humidities can be obtained in 24–36 hr. Moisture-adsorption isotherms of flour obtained with this method agree very closely with those obtained with the constant-relative-humidity desiccator technique and with results reported by researchers who used a high-vacuum technique in conjunction with a McBain-Bakr sorption balance. The one limitation of this method is that it can be successfully applied only to solid particles whose physical state does not cause excessive resistance to flow of air through them.
Translation planes of order ϱ6 admitting SL(2, ϱ2)

Abstract Large numbers of translation planes are constructed which have order ϱ6 and admit a collineation group SL(2, ϱ2) generated by elations.
Differentiation Among US Colleges and Universities

Colleges and universities in the US differ markedly in their access to economic resources. National data are used here to describe the resulting hierarchy that's reflected in schools' spending on their students, the prices those students pay, and the subsidies they get in consequence. Both historical data and projections based on recent institutional saving suggest that economic disparities among institutions and their students are increasing. In a final section, the paper asks what to make of this: what we can say about “the right degree” of institutional disparity – whether we have too much, too little, or about the right amount of differentiation.
An Initial Application of Polarization Lidar for Orographic Cloud Seeding Operations

Abstract Ground-based polarization lidar measurements have been obtained in conjunction with a commercial cloud seeding program to evaluate the potential of pulsed laser remote sensing techniques for increasing the effectiveness of orographic cloud seeding operations. The lidar measurements, supplemented by microwave radar cloud top and rawinsonde data, are shown to aid in the determination of seeding criteria. Our real-time seed, no-seed decisions based on lidar polarization measurements of cloud ice-water balance compare favorably with the declarations issued locally by the project meteorologists. Moreover, the lidar has detected changes in cloud layer structure and ice-water balance brought about by aerial seeding operations which are quite distinct from the background conditions, indicating that lidar observations may also find application as part of a physical evaluation method of seeding effects. It is concluded that despite the range limitations of lidar, the application of the remote sensing techn...
Direct observations of polytypism in copper phthalocyanine

Extended regions of alternative molecular packing have been identified in single crystals ofβ-copper phthalocyanine by transmission electron microscopy. The interface separating the regions of transformed crystal are structurally equivalent to an array of partial dislocations on alternate (001) planes of theβ-phase which can be seen to migrate under the influence of the microscopes' electron beam. The energy difference between the two planes was approximately 0.1 kJ mol−1 at room temperature, considerably smaller than the value reported to be the difference between theα andβ phases.
Temperature dependence of the Mössbauer spectrum and magnetic susceptibility [Fe(uridine)Cl2]∞: Novel magnetic ordering of transition metal complexes based on nucleoside ligands

Abstract The zero-field Mossbauer spectra and magnetic susceptibility of a polycrystalline sample of the polymeric material [Fe(uridine)Cl2]∞ have been measured in the temperature range 1.7-300 K. The compound exhibits two magnetic transitions. The isomer shift and quadrupole splitting indicate a distorted pseudo-octahedral FeCl4O2 chromophore resulting from condensation to a network structure via chloro and uridine ligand bridging.
Numerical Computation of Surface Melting at Imperfect Electrical Contact between Rough Surfaces

This paper presents a surface melting model by means of numerical simulation of three-dimensional imperfect electrical contact (ImPEC) between rough surfaces in a high electrical current application. The continuous convolution and fast Fourier transform (CC-FFT) and discrete convolution and fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) algorithms with the conjugated gradient method (CGM) for pressure iteration are applied to solve the surface melting problem under thermo-electro- mechanically coupled ImPEC conditions. The computational result suggests that asperity melting by Joule heating of electron tunneling through a surface oxide film layer may be initiated in a very short time interval if the apparent current density is extremely high. Averaged asperity melting speeds at molten contact asperities are also predicted by means of simulated asperity melting heights.
Binding time analysis for high order untyped functional languages

When some inputs of a program are known at compile-time, certain expressions can be processed statically; this is the basis of the notion of partial evaluation. Identifying these early computations can be determined independently of the actual values of the input by a static analysis called binding time analysis. Then, to process a program, one simply follows the binding time information: evaluate compile-time expressions and defer the others to run-time.Using abstract interpretation, we present a binding time analysis for an untyped functional language which provides an effective treatment of both higher order functions and data structures. To our knowledge it is the first such analysis. It has been implemented and is used in a partial evaluator for a side-effect free dialect of Scheme. The analysis is general enough, however, to be valid for non-strict typed functional languages such as Haskell. Our approach and the system we have developed solve and go beyond the open problem of partially evaluating higher order functions described in [3] since we also provide a method to handle data structures.Our analysis improves on previous work [5, 15, 4] in that: (1) it treats both higher order functions and data structures, (2) it does not impose syntactic restrictions on the program being processed, and (3) it does not require a preliminary phase to collect the set of possible functions that may occur at each site of application.
Hot‐film anemometry measurements of turbulence in pipe flow: Organic solvents

Longitudinal turbulence intensities, autocorrelations, energy spectra and peak energy dissipation frequencies for organic solvents flowing in smooth round tubes
Ambient Temperature Influences Diet Selection and Physiology of an Herbivorous Mammal, Neotoma albigula

Abstract The whitethroat woodrat (Neotoma albigula) eats juniper (Juniperus monosperma), but the amount of juniper in its diet varies seasonally. We tested whether changes in juniper consumption are due to changes in ambient temperature and what the physiological consequences of consuming plant secondary compounds (PSCs) at different ambient temperatures might be. Woodrats were acclimated to either 20°C or 28°C. Later, they were given two diets to choose from (50% juniper and a nontoxic control) for 7 d. Food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body temperature (Tb) were measured over the last 2 d. Woodrats at 28°C ate significantly less juniper, both proportionally and absolutely, than woodrats at 20°C. RMRs were higher for woodrats consuming juniper regardless of ambient temperature, and Tb was higher for woodrats consuming juniper at 28°C than for woodrats eating control diet at 28°C. Thus, juniper consumption by N. albigula is influenced by ambient temperature. We conclude that juniper may influ...
AI TOOLS IN DECISION MAKING SUPPORT SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

AI tools have advanced sufficiently such that they are integrated into decision making support systems for real applications and are impacting decision making in substantive ways. This paper reviews decision making theories and AI tools and the intelligent decision systems that result from the integration of these concepts.
The effect of OCR errors on stylistic text classification

Recently, interest is growing in non-topical text classification tasks such as genre classification, sentiment analysis, and authorship profiling. We study to what extent OCR errors affect stylistic text classification from scanned documents. We find that even a relatively high level of errors in the OCRed documents does not substantially affect stylistic classification accuracy.
United States Spanish short-form-36 health survey: scaling assumptions and reliability in elderly community-dwelling Mexican Americans.

Background Measuring health status is challenging in Mexican Americans and other diverse groups, because most health measurement instruments were developed and tested in English. Thus, it is difficult to determine whether measured health disparities are the result of actual differences or due to measurement error resulting from translation or conceptual differences. Objectives The purpose of this study was to test the metric equivalence of the United States (US) Spanish Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) in a group of elderly Mexican Americans. In addition, the SF-36 scores of elderly Mexican American women in our sample were compared with normed scores for the SF-36 scales in the general population of elderly US women. Method Health status was measured by the US Spanish SF-36 in telephone surveys conducted entirely in Spanish. The sample (N = 65) was elderly (mean age 75.3) and primarily female (78%). Most had less than 7 years of education and an annual income below $10,000. Results Missing data were negligible, and did not indicate difficulty with particular items. The item response values were well distributed and item response means were generally similar within a scale. Most item correlations were higher with the item's hypothesized scale than with other scales, though some items in the Mental Health, Vitality, and Social Functioning scales were highly correlated with other scales. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach alpha) was.80 or above on all scales except Social Functioning (.69). SF-36 scale scores were lower in elderly Mexican American women than in elderly women in the general US population. Discussion The US Spanish SF-36 was a generally satisfactory measure of health status in a sample of elderly Mexican Americans with little formal education. The performance of some items in the Mental Health, Vitality, and Social Functioning scales warrants further research.
Design and Evaluation of Lost-Circulation Materials for Severe Environments

An independent analysis of lost circulation materials for geothermal applications has been completed using unique laboratory tools developed for the purpose. Test results of commercial materials as well as mathematical models for evaluating their performance are presented. Physical attributes that govern the performance of lost circulation materials are identified and correlated with test results. 9 refs., 27 figs., 4 tabs.
Comparison of Autoregressive Measures for DNA Sequence Similarity

It has been shown that DNA sequences can be modeled with autoregressive processes and that the Euclidean distance between model parameters is useful for detecting sequence similarity. But, the measure's robustness to nonexact, approximate matches is not explored. We go one step further and not only look at exact gene searching, but how the AR distance measures are perturbed by errors and mutation. To achieve higher accuracy in similarity searching, we compare the performance of the Euclidean distance measure to Itakura distance measure using different nucleotide mappings. The numerical mappings and distance measures have comparable performance, but in general, the Euclidean distance using the binary SW mapping distinguishes perfect matches the best. Finally, we show that it is possible to use AR measures to detect mutation-prone approximate matches by increasing the AR model order.
Lubrication With Binary Mixtures: Bubbly Oil

Mixtures do not exhibit Newtonian behavior even when their individual components themselves are Newtonian, and thus classical lubrication theory is not applicable to bearings lubricated with mixtures. Our objective is to extend hydrodynamic lubrication theory to lubrication with mixtures of a Newtonian liquid and an ideal gas. To this end, we make use of the theory of interacting continua and derive two coupled non-linear equations in component densities. The extended theory is tested on finite journal bearings: our results of pressure distribution show good qualitative agreement with the experimental data of Braun et al
Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (Fap1) influences βcatenin activity in myeloid progenitor cells expressing the Bcr-abl oncogene.

Increased βcatenin activity correlates with leukemia stem cell expansion and disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found previously that expression of the CML-related Bcr-abl oncoprotein in myeloid progenitor cells increases expression of Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (Fap1). This resulted in Fap1-dependent resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells. Fap1 also interacts with the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) protein, but the functional significance of this interaction is unknown. Apc participates in a complex that includes glycogen synthase kinase β (Gsk3β) and βcatenin. Assembly of this complex results in phosphorylation of βcatenin by Gsk3β, which facilitates βcatenin ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. In this study, we found increased association of Fap1 with the Apc complex in Bcr-abl+ myeloid progenitor cells. We also found Fap1-dependent inactivation of Gsk3β and consequent stabilization of βcatenin in these cells. Consistent with this, Bcr-abl+ cells exhibited a Fap1-dependent increase in βcatenin activity. Our studies identified Fap1-dependent Gsk3β inactivation as a molecular mechanism for increased βcatenin activity in CML.
Probability Distributions for Wave Runup on Offshore Platform Columns

For the design of offshore structures it is important to accurately predict wave runup and thus avoid topside inundation and minimize the wave impact on the underside of the deck structure. In this paper a three-parameter probability distribution function for nonlinear wave run-up amplitudes is presented. It builds upon previous studies and utilizes the quadratic transformation of incident waves. The parameters of this probability distribution are estimated from the data using method of L-moments and the explicit relation between the parameters and L-moments is presented. The L-moments themselves are linear combinations of ordered data and consequently they are less influenced by outliers and unexpectedly large values. Earlier theoretical models, based on simplified diffraction theory, are presented and compared with the L-moments model. A three-parameter Weibull distribution model that utilizes the method of L-moments is derived and discussed. Run-up measurements from a mini-TLP model test program are used as the basis for comparison of the three methods. This study demonstrates that the new empirical model and Weibull distribution are more robust in representing the probability distribution of nonlinear runup amplitudes especially for the weakly nonlinear cases with moderate steepness. Although the new empirical model and Weibull distribution have different probability structure their estimates are found to be fairly close.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Microstructural refinement and strengthening of Cu-4 Cr-2 Nb alloy by mechanical milling

Lately, a variety of dispersion strengthened (DS) copper alloys that provide a good combination of thermal/electrical conductivity and mechanical strength have been developed. Strengthening is usually achieved by the introduction of a ceramic, refractory metal or intermetallic secondary phase. Cu-Cr-Nb is one such DS alloy in which strengthening is provided by Cr{sub 2}Nb intermetallic particles. Mechanical milling of as-atomized Cu-4 Cr-2 Nb alloy powders substantially increases the mechanical strength (hardness) of the starting material. This is achieved through a drastic grain size, as well as large precipitate size refinement. A more uniform precipitate distribution is also attained. Whether milling is performed with steel or WC vial and balls the hardness saturates at approximately 100 HRB after about 4 hr milling. However, this benefit of MM was offset by an equally severe decrease in electrical conductivity. This decrease is attributed to impurities/contamination from the milling media introduced into the milled powder, primarily, Fe and C, or, WC and Co.
Multiple reference frame theory for harmonic compensation via doubly fed induction generators

This paper proposes a method of using multiple reference frame theory for harmonic compensation of nonlinear loads using a doubly fed induction generator. The most significant low-order harmonics to be compensated are calculated using a multiple reference frame harmonic observer. This method of measuring and compensating harmonics is accurate straightforward, easily implementable and effective in the mitigation of any harmonic in the system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of this proposed method. These results validate the effectiveness of the method in compensating the targeted harmonics in the system. The currents obtained in the fundamental reference frame can be further employed for control of active and reactive power flow.
Allelopathy of small everlasting (Antennaria microphylla) : Phytotoxicity to leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in tissue culture.

Media and media extracts from callus cultures of small everlasting (Antennaria microphylla) inhibited leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) callus tissue and suspension culture growth (50 and 70% of control, respectively) and were phytotoxic in lettuce and leafy spurge root elongation bioassays (64 and 77% of control, respectively). Hydroquinone, a phytotoxic compound previously isolated from small everlasting, was also biosynthesized by callus and suspension cultures of this species. Exogenously supplied hydroquinone (0.5 mM) was toxic to leafy spurge suspension culture cells and was only partially biotransformed to its nontoxic water-soluble monoglucoside, arbutin, by these cells. This report confirms the chronic involvement of hydroquinone in the allelopathic interaction between small everlasting and leafy spurge.
The -quinodimethane route to anthracyclinones a new synthesis of 4-demethoxydaunomycinone

The anthracyclinel 2 daunomycin (2) 3 and carminomycin (3) 4 antibiotics adriamycin (I), are of interest because of their potent activity against experimental tumors and human cancers. 5 A serious limitation to the use of these drugs in chemotherapy is toxicity; in particular, cardiotoxicity limits the total accumulative dose which can be administered. Structural modification of the natural drugs has led to improvements in biological activity as exemplified by the recent report that 4-demethoxydaunomycin (4) is more active than daunomycin (2) itself. 6
Age of association between the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, and tapeworms of the genus Pedibothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae): implications from geography

Abstract The first records of the tapeworm genus Pedibothrium from nurse sharks ( Ginglymostoma cirratum ) in the eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans provide new insights on the age of the association between these tapeworms and this host. Four individuals of G. cirratum examined from the southern tip of the Baja Peninsula, Mexico, were found to host P. manteri and P. brevispine . Tapeworm specimens discovered in the collection of J. Cadenet, taken from G. cirratum off Goree near Dakar, Senegal in 1947, were of P. globicephalum and P. manteri . These tapeworm faunas are consistent with those found previously in small and large nurse sharks, respectively, in the western Atlantic Ocean. The distributional data, combined with the non-vagile habits of the nurse shark, indicate this host–parasite association dates from the most recent completion of the Panamanian Isthmus, approximately 2 Mya. This suggests that P. manteri and P. brevispine have remained unchanged for at least 2 Myr. The data from the eastern Atlantic Ocean are less informative. The amphi-Atlantic distribution of P. manteri and P. globicephalum in G. cirratum may have resulted from vicariant events associated with the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. However, fossils of at least two extinct species of Ginglymostoma are also known from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Short of parallel evolution of three different species of Ginglymostoma on either side of the Atlantic Ocean, these data seem more consistent with dispersal as an explanation for this disjunction and are thus of limited utility for extending the age of this host–parasite association at this time. Analysis of the degree of genetic divergence among individuals of G. cirratum and among individuals of the broadly distributed species of Pedibothrium from all three localities would be extremely interesting.
Antithymic antibody localization in the mouse.

ONE of the present-day beliefs is that the thymus is the original source of precursors of the small lymphocyte1. If this were true, antibody developed against thymus cell antigen might react with cells of the lymphoid series. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether such antibodies could be developed. The ultimate aim was to explore the usefulness of these antibodies for the depression of the immune response to permit homograft survival either by their use as carriers of large doses of radioactive isotope or by their inherent cytotoxic effect.