cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Freedom of rotation of selected overdenture attachments: an in vitro study.

Statement of problem Attachments for mandibular overdentures may not allow for adequate freedom of rotation. Purpose The purpose of this study was to subject 3 commonly used stud types of resilient attachments to rotation and to measure and compare the degree of rotation that occurs before the attachments bind. Material and methods Three stud attachments (ERA, Locator Extended Range, O-Ring System) with their corresponding metal housings were evaluated, first for a single implant system and secondly for a 2-attachment parallel implant system for the mandibular arch. Both the manufacturers' most and least retentive components were tested in each system. In the Locator system, the medium retention (3 lbs) for the standard is the most retentive of the extended range. A total of 60 test specimens, 5 per group, were fabricated. The attachments were connected to a 115-mm rod and attached to a testing device composed of a base, implant analogs, and a vertical plate holding graph paper. A free-sliding plastic block, which supported the metal rod parallel to the base, was removed to release the rod. The distance the rod fell was photographed and input into a computer with software designed to measure linear movement. Three-way ANOVA with heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors was used for data analyses (α=.05). Results Significant differences found among the most retentive components showed that the Locator had a greater freedom of rotation than the ERA ( P =.001). The most retentive components in all systems showed that 1 attachment had a greater freedom of rotation than 2 ( P =.005). When testing the least retentive components, all systems were significantly different ( P Locator Extended Range > ERA. For all 3 systems, the least retentive components showed the most freedom ( P ≤.008). Conclusions The least retentive components offer greater rotation than the most retentive components for all attachment systems tested and for both single and double attachments. Using the most retentive components, the Locator Extended Range attachment allows greater rotation than does the ERA for both single and double attachments. Using the least retentive components, the ORS attachment allows the most rotation and ERA the least for both single and double attachments. Using the most retentive components, one attachment allows greater rotation than does 2 attachments for the attachment systems evaluated.
Rates and correlates of alcohol use among pregnant women in obstetrics clinics.

Background: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of screening and to identify rates and correlates of alcohol use in a large, demographically representative sample of pregnant women across a number of obstetrics clinics, extending previous studies of single or high-risk settings. Identification of harmful alcohol use during pregnancy and of associated factors is critical for the design and implementation of secondary prevention strategies. Methods: A total of 1131 pregnant women age 18 and older were screened in the waiting areas of eight obstetrics clinics in Southeastern Michigan using a brief (10 min) screening questionnaire. This survey consisted of direct and indirect (TWEAK) measures of alcohol use, as well items assessing demographic characteristics, use of tobacco, and whether participants’ physicians discussed alcohol use behavior with them. Women ranged in age from 18 to 46, with a mean age of 28.7 (SD 5.3). The racial/ethnic distribution of our sample suitably reflects the various racial segments of the Michigan population. Results: We found that 15.1% of the total sample (n 169) reported any alcohol use during pregnancy, with the majority of those women reporting relatively low levels of alcohol use. One hundred and fortyseven women (13%) scored above the cutoff on the TWEAK (i.e., above a score of 2). Based on multivariate analyses, higher risk alcohol use (defined as binge drinking or greater than one standard drink per week) during pregnancy was predicted by smoking and earlier stage of pregnancy. Caucasian race, smoking, psychological distress, and greater number of drinks during pregnancy predicted scores above a cutoff of 2 on the TWEAK. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that screening in busy obstetrics clinics is feasible and acceptable to women and that it may be optimal to use both indirect and direct measures of alcohol use. In addition, brief assessments should be conducted throughout pregnancy and may be targeted or intensified for smokers and for women earlier in their pregnancy.
Prospective Study of Plasma Fatty Acids and Risk of Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND: Although some evidence suggests that dietary fat intake is related to prostate cancer, epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess the association between plasma lipid levels, particularly linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, and the development of prostate cancer. METHODS: In 1982, at the start of the Physicians' Health Study, 14916 U.S. male physicians provided plasma samples, which were frozen at -82 degrees C. Data accumulated from a series of questionnaires were used to assess the intake of various foods. We used a nested case-control design to compare the fatty acid compositions in plasma from 120 men who later developed prostate cancer with 120 matched controls who did not. Individual fatty acids were measured in plasma as a percentage of total fatty acids, using capillary gas chromatography. Conditional logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratio estimates while adjusting simultaneously for the effects of one or more potential confounders. RESULTS: The relative risks (RRs) of prostate cancer for men in successively higher quartiles of plasma alpha-linolenic acid level were 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-7.3), 3.4 (95% CI = 1.6-7.5), and 2.1 (95% CI = 0.9-4.9), compared with those with levels below the detection threshold (P trend =.03). For linoleic acid, RRs in successively higher quartiles were 0.7 (95% CI = 0.4-1.5), 0.8 (95% CI = 0.4-1.6), and 0.6 (95% CI = 0.3-1.3), with the lowest quartile as referent (P trend =.24). The effect estimates were not notably altered by adjustment for exercise, body mass, meat and dairy consumption, or other fatty acid levels in the plasma. The RR for eating red meat at least five times per week compared with less than once a week was 2.5 (95% CI = 0.9-6.7) and was little changed by adjustment for alpha-linolenic acid, although alpha-linolenic acid levels were correlated with intake of red meat and butter. The association of alpha-linolenic acid levels with prostate cancer was greater among men with low linoleic acid and reduced meat intake. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that low plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid might be associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer, independently of high meat intake. High linoleic acid and low marine fatty oils were not associated with increased risk, as previously hypothesized. IMPLICATIONS: The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid, particularly from vegetable sources, warrant further study. The effects of dietary linoleic acid and marine fatty acids seen in animal bioassays might not apply to human prostate cancer.
Embedded enzymatic biomaterial degradation: Flow conditions & relative humidity

Abstract Enzyme-catalyzed degradation of PCL films with embedded Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB, 1.6%-by-wt) under continuous fluid exchange (flow) conditions and in controlled humidity desiccators were determined. At 0.2 mL/min flow rate, film weight loss reached 85% in 3 d relative to bulk-no flow incubations where 70% degradation occurred in 9 days. This increase in rate under flow conditions is attributed to more efficient removal of degradation products that can act as competitive inhibitors. However, further increase in flow rate from 0.2 to 0.5 mL/min results in slower weight loss (7 days, 70%) as increased flow rate appears to negatively influence enzyme stability. Another intriguing discovery is that, by using flow in place of bulk-no flow conditions, removal of degradation products is more efficient leading to formation of a porous matrix where SEM cross sectional images show larger better defined pores. The unusual phenomenon of high porosity matrices resulting from enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis is unique to embedded enzyme systems. Studies were also conducted where 1.6% CALB-embedded PCL films were incubated in desiccators set at 20, 75 and 95% relative humidity (RH). Water-uptake and molecular weight change at 20% RH were insignificant. However, at 75 and 95% RH, by 28 days, %-water content increased to 0.30 and 0.82, and film M n decreased by 25% to 59,300 and 58% to 33,900, respectively. While stability under controlled low-humidity environments demonstrates options for safe storage, applications are envisioned where the unique degradation properties of enzyme-embedded bioresorbable films will be exploited for release of actives ranging from fragrances, flavors and therapeutic agents.
Mixing on a Shallow Shelf of the Black Sea

Abstract Microstructure measurements were carried out on the shallow shelf of the Black Sea, from the sea surface to the bottom, using a free-falling BAKLAN-S profiler released from an anchored ship. A northeast to southwest transect consisting of eight measurement stations, with several casts made at each station, enabled the evaluation of microstructure statistics across the shelf. The eddy and scalar diffusivities as well as the mixing efficiencies were evaluated for distinct layers that were identified based on mean stratification and the “state” of turbulence. These include five main layers with persistent features (upper and bottom boundary layers, diurnal and main pycnoclines, and a stratified weakly turbulent inner layer) and several transient (patchy) features embedded within such layers (quasi-homogeneous, active turbulent, stratified dissipative, and microstructure displacement patches). The Thorpe displacement scale LTh measurements of this study, together with those reported in Dillon and Gib...
Potential and Challenges of Patient-Generated Health Data for High-Quality Cancer Care

Electronic health records and information technology that allow for customizable alerts, intelligent filtering of data, and meaningful aggregation of multiple streams of patient-generated health data with clinical data will be integral to the successful integration of patient-generated health data into routine cancer care.
Assignability of Letter of Credit Proceeds: Adapting the Code to New Commercial Practices

The right to receive payment under a letter of credit may be assigned, even if the letter of credit prohibits assignment of proceeds. This article argues that this rule should be changed, to give effect to clauses barring assignment of proceeds. The rule made sense where letters of credit were primarily used in sales of goods transactions. In that context, the rule simply mirrored the contract law doctrine that the right to receive payment under a sales contract may be freely assigned (subject to any defenses the payor might have). But letters of credit are not used in a broader range of transactions, and are often used as a standby security device, as opposed to a primary means of payment. Where such letters of credit are more like collateral than a means of payment, the parties should be free to agree on the structure of the transaction, including limits on assignment. In addition, the parties can effectively bar assignment by drafting the conditions for drawing the letter of credit. The bar against assignment then, is both outdated and ineffective (and thereby inefficient, because the parties must expend some resources in structuring and drafting around the rule).
Couple emotional experience: effects of attachment anxiety in low and high structure couple interactions

This study used data from 63 heterosexual couples to investigate the effects of attachment anxiety and how they relate to emotional experience (i.e. psychophysiological distress and feelings towards a partner) in the context of two therapy-like conditions (low and high structure). We examined both the effect of an individual's anxiety on his/her own emotional experience (actor effects) and on the partner's experience (partner effects). During both interactional conditions, female partners of men higher in attachment anxiety experienced greater psychophysiological distress. In addition, men and women higher in attachment anxiety were not significantly different from others in terms of their feelings towards their partner during the low structure condition. However, their feelings were significantly more positive than others during the high structure condition, providing some evidence that attachment-based interventions can be especially useful for clients higher in attachment anxiety. Practitioner points Not only should therapists take into account couple distress and volatility when facilitating couple interaction, but they should also account for self-reported attachment Clients high in attachment anxiety may benefit from the emotional containment provided by having a therapist buffer the couple interaction Clients high in attachment anxiety may especially benefit from therapy process that is anchored in facilitating attachment-based expression
A HIGH-PERFORMANCE SIMULATED ON-BOARD AVIONICS ARCHITECTURE TO SUPPORT TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RESEARCH

This paper describes the conceptual design and prototype development of a high-performance simulated avionics architecture that supports the exploration of new air traffic management concepts and technologies in a medium-fidelity computer workstation-based simulation. This simulated avionics architecture serves as the inter-process communications backbone of the Aircraft Simulation for Traffic Operations Research (ASTOR), which is the piloted simulation NASA Langley Research Center uses for examining the feasibility of new prototype airborne traffic conflict detection and resolution tools. The architecture chosen for ASTOR is that of an enhanced avionics data bus that achieves conceptual compatibility, rather than hardware compatibility, with existing avionics standards. It does this by making use of the data word and equipment channel definitions inherent in the ARINC 429 standard (and its accompanying ARINC 700series system characteristic documents), but also by not making use of any of the bit-level data encoding, hardware, or electrical signal characteristics of a physical ARINC 429 bus. This type of use of welldocumented communications standards for existing avionics components has aided the development of ASTOR by providing a common understanding of the conceptual data flows in the simulation, and also by supporting the evolutionary extension of current avionics capabilities to include new data sources and technologies.
Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the aorta is a cause of hypertension that can present dramatically in the severely ill infant or appear incidentally in the asymptomatic young adult. Coarctation is easily detected and there is good evidence that the extremely poor natural history can be altered favorably by surgical correction. The elevated blood pressure can be lowered in the majority of patients, and there is every expectation that the incidence of known complications of coarctation can be decreased. However, in about three fourths of the patients, significant residual cardiovascular defects persist, with their potential for future problems as yet incompletely defined. For this reason, patients who have undergone surgery for coarctation will need to be followed carefully for an indefinite period.
Synergism of dimethoxybenzosemiquinone free radicals and CD4+ T-lymphocytes to suppress Ehrlich ascites tumor

Numerous natural and synthetic quinone compounds possess significant antitumor properties. Various mechanisms have been proposed to account for these properties, including scission and degradation of tumor cell DNA, intracellular "redox cycling" to cogenerate semiquinone free radicals and reactive oxygen intermediates, and the interaction of semiquinone radicals with tumor cell surface flavoenzymes. However, no evidence has been presented to explain adequately the preferential attack on tumor cells by semiquinone radicals, as opposed to normal cells. To address this question, a synergistic interaction was examined. A therapy consisting of a mixture of L-ascorbate and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, was used for in vivo evaluation. BALB/c mice were depleted of functional T-lymphocytes by xenogeneic monoclonal antibody pretreatment, challenged with Ehrlich ascites tumor, and administered the semiquinone radical-generating therapy. Mice depleted of CD4+ T-lymphocytes responded with rapidly fatal tumor progression, with significantly decreased mean survival times over controls, whereas less severe responses were observed in mice devoid of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Mice depleted of both T-lymphocyte subpopulations responded with uninhibited tumor growth and rapid mortalities. When tumor challenge occurred after therapy, tumor growth was significantly delayed in mice enriched for CD4+ T-lymphocytes, with demonstrable increases in mean survival time over controls. This reagent combination had no significant effect on T-lymphocyte profiles in secondary lymphoid organs. These data suggest a synergistic phenomenon of semiquinone radical-induced cytostasis coupled with T-lymphocyte helper activity for optimal tumor suppression.
The unity of the proposition

This article is about an old problem, but one that is seldom discussed in contemporary philosophy. Here is the problem: because a proposition, such as for example the proposition that Socrates is bald, consists of more than one element, how is it that the different elements of the proposition are connected together to form a unified whole? The problem has both a semantic and a syntactical version. In the semantic version it comes out as: How are the meaningful elements of the proposition connected to produce a single unified proposition? And in the syntactical version it comes out as: How are the words in the sentence organized to produce a meaningful sentence, as opposed, for example, to a meaningless jumble of words, or simply a list? I think contemporary discussions in both semantics and syntax just miss the problem and do not see how it presents a difficulty for their analyses. Thus, for example, on some versions of the direct reference theory and the corresponding doctrine of singular propositions, we are to think of the proposition that Socrates is bald as an ordered pair consisting of the man “Socrates” and the property “baldness.” But that cannot be right, because then the proposition would consist of two ordered elements. There is this man and this property, what do they have to do with each other? How does any unity emerge from that? The situation in syntax is just as bad, maybe worse.
A Forward Step in Performance Evaluation

Persons responsible for evaluation of performance have found that use of single-criterion measures invariably leads to undesirable side-effects.As a remedy, designers of evaluation methods would li...
Explicating Creativity and Design: The Nature and Meaningfulness of Work in Mad Men

Scholars have infrequently explored meaningful work of creative industries despite a resurgence of interest in meanings of work. To address this gap, we took as our starting point the award-winning drama Mad Men. Although other cultural artifacts engage the imagination, Mad Men is distinctive in its depiction of careers, work-life considerations, and moral dilemmas associated with the nature and meaning of work. We critically analyzed the discursive framing of creative directors’ work as well as attendant moral dilemmas, drawing out the ways in which characters describe good work and those who perform this work. We note three themes that construct a hierarchy of meaningful work, foreground the narrative practices of work, and articulate the processes whereby meaningful work discourses can be used to navigate workplace politics. In doing so, we depict the intersections of popular culture, work, and professionalism. Finally, we uncover reasons for this drama's popularity and fascination with creative direct...
Coaggregation to prevent dental caries: BASF AG: WO2006027265

This application claims that selected species of Lactobacillus, capable of co- aggregating with the cariogen Streptococcus mutans, can be administered therapeutically to prevent colonisation with S. mutans or to significantly diminish the presence of S. mutans within dental plaque. This strategy has the potential for success as S. mutans do not need to be totally eliminated to significantly diminish the probability of caries development. Mechanistically, it is predicted that the Lactobacillus will bind to S. mutans and interfere with adhesins on the S. mutans cell surface that are specific for receptors on the tooth pellicle. Aggregates of the two species will be eliminated from the oral cavity by swallowing. The most effective delivery of this technology may be during the critical ‘window of infectivity’ in young children where preventing S. mutans colonisation promotes the establishment of a healthy, non-cariogenic plaque biofilm. The utility of this technology as a therapeutic for individuals with ongo...
Use of a home positive airway pressure device during intraoperative monitored anesthesia care for outpatient surgery.

Perioperative positive airway pressure (PAP) is recommended by the American Society of Anesthesiologists for patients with obstructive sleep apnea, but a readily available and personalized intraoperative delivery system does not exist. We present the successful use of a patient’s own nasal PAP machine in the operating room during outpatient foot surgery which required addition of a straight adaptor for oxygen delivery and careful positioning of the gas sampling line to permit end-tidal carbox dioxide monitoring. Home PAP machines may provide a potential alternative to more invasive methods of airway management for patients with obstructive sleep apnea under moderate sedation.
Oil in Our Past and Present

While the natural history of oil punctuates the earth’s natural history, its role as the primary energy source for humanity spans little more than a century.
Information Seeking Practices of Parents: Exploring Skills, Face Threats and Social Networks

Parents are often responsible for finding, selecting, and facilitating their children's out-of-school learning experiences. One might expect that the recent surge in online educational tools and the vast online network of information about informal learning would make this easier for all parents. Instead, the increase in these free, accessible resources is contributing to an inequality of use between children from lower and higher socio-economic status (SES). Through over 60 interviews with a diverse group of parents, we explored parents' ability to find learning opportunities and their role in facilitating educational experiences for their children. We identified differences in the use of online social networks in finding learning opportunities for their children based on SES. Building upon these findings, we conducted a national survey in partnership with ACT, an educational testing services organization, to understand if these differences were generalizable to and consistent among a broader audience.
Phosphorylase synthesis in diabetic hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes

Whereas total cardiac glycogen phosphorylase activity appears to be unaffected by severe insulin deficiency, a diabetes-induced decreased in hepatic glycogen phosphorylase activity has been demonstrated by our laboratory and others using liver extracts, isolated perfused liver, and cultured hepatocytes. The loss of activity in diabetic liver can be correlated with a drop in protein levels. Using primary cultures of cells from normal and diabetic rats and phosphorylase specific antibodies, we found a corresponding decrease in phosphorylase synthesis in diabetic hepatocytes cultured for 2 days in a serum-free, chemically defined medium. When hepatocytes are cultured in the presence of insulin, triiodothyronine, and cortisol, there is a significant recovery in the rate of phosphorylase synthesis after 3 days. Over the 3-day time period, there is no significant difference in the rate of phosphorylase degradation in normal compared with diabetic hepatocytes. Total protein synthesis in both hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes is unaffected by diabetes, as is phosphorylase synthesis in cultured cardiomyocytes.
Amino Acid Screening—An Objective Approach

In the amino acid screening of biologic specimens through the use of thin layer chromatography, the common approach has been to compare sample specimens to normal specimens, and then to interpret variations in spot patterns and intensities. Because normal specimens often contain ninhydrin-staining compounds other than amino acids, subjective reporting may result. This study compared sample specimens with a pure mix of standards. The concentrations of these standards were adjusted to approach minimum detection levels, which in most cases are far above the normal concentrations of amino acids found in body fluids. Any sample specimen showing significant ninhydrin spots on one-dimensional chromatography was then subjected to column pretreatment and two-dimensional chromatography to preclude the possibility of reporting false positives. With such a screening procedure, the presence of a ninhydrin spot in the sample indicated a positive result and its absence indicated a negative result. The procedure is suitable for the small clinical unit as well as large mass screening programs.
Predicting the performance of gamma-ray imaging devices in the task of tumor detection

A method for predicting the tumor-detection performance of gamma-ray imaging devices is described. Although the method can be used to evaluate any imaging system, including gamma cameras, it is used here to predict the relative performance of different designs of an intraoperative imaging probe. The method consists of specifying a task to be performed, calculating the point response function of each imaging system being considered, simulating the images produced by each system for the task, and calculating a figure of merit from the simulated images. The calculated figure of merit is the Hotelling trace. For the task of detecting a small (0.5-cm-diameter) tumor located 1 cm from the face of the parallel-hole collimator of an imaging probe, it is found that the best collimator bore length of the systems considered depends on the spatial distribution of the background activity. A very short (0.25-cm-long) bore is best if the tumor is embedded in uniform background activity, while a longer bore (0.50 cm long) is best if the spatial distribution of background activity is nonuniform. >
Modeling the mechanical behavior of crystallizable shape memory polymers: incorporating temperature-dependent viscoelasticity

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are soft active materials that have an ability to retain a temporary shape, and revert back to their original shape when triggered by a suitable stimulus, typically an increase in temperature. These materials are finding wide use in a variety of fields such as biomedical and aerospace engineering; hence it is important to model their mechanical behavior. Crystallizable shape memory polymers (CSMPs) is an important subclass of SMPs, and their temporary shape is fixed by a crystalline phase, while return to the original shape is due to the melting of this crystalline phase. In our earlier work, we have studied the mechanical behavior of CSMPs within a mechanical setting by considering the original amorphous network above the recovery temperature as a hyperelastic material. In this article, we extend our earlier work to incorporate the temperature-dependent viscoelasticity into the developed constitutive model to study the mechanical behavior of CSMPs. The viscoelastic behavior of the polymers at high temperature is simulated through a rate type model. Furthermore, the model of the semi-crystalline polymer after the onset of crystallization is developed based on the mixture theory and the theory of “multiple natural configurations”. In addition, we have applied the model to a specific boundary value problem, namely uniaxial extension. The shape memory cycles of the CSMPs under different stretch rates have been studied. The results are consistent with what has been observed in experiments.
Carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Applicability of diagnostic and treatment methods in 632 cases.

Abstract Within a 5 year period, 632 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix were treated selectively by extirpation or definitive conization, management being by a variety of physicians. In the uterus or stump removed after cone biopsy, residual tumor was found in 16.4 per cent. Of 112 treated by definitive conization, 22 had subsequent pregnancy. In 343 followed with cytologic studies, there were 6 known reappearances. Among 283 having no smears reported, there may be several cases yet undiagnosed. The relative importance of obtaining specimen margins clear of tumor and long-term follow-up with cytologic studies is discussed.
Citrullinated autoantigen targets as markers of extra-articular disease in rheumatoid arthritis

Citrullination represents an increasingly recognized posttranslational modification stemming from underlying physiological stressors that dysregulate intracellular calcium flux. Although this enzymatic process mediated by various isoforms of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) is fairly ubiquitous (occurring in normal as well as pathological states), the immune response to citrullinated proteins is heavily influenced by underlying HLA status and therefore highly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Szodoray et al. 2010). Given that the humoral immune responses to citrullinated proteins may serve as an immunological “fingerprint” in RA, the question is whether delineating targets of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) can provide insight regarding the site where immune tolerance is bypassed/broken or clarify the underlying pathophysiology of articular and extra-articular manifestations in this systemic autoimmune disease—even if the relative contribution of protein deimination versus citrulline-targeted immunity remains unresolved. In fact, extensive investigation over the last 10–15 years has yielded an expanded repertoire of ACPA specificities potentially linked with defined extra-articular manifestations, such as premature atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, and interstitial lung disease (ILD), which negatively impact clinical outcome. Fueling these discoveries, novel approaches for identifying citrullinated autoantigen/autoantibody combinations have supported the search for additional biomarkers of extra-articular involvement that should further elucidate the immunobiology of relevant systemic disease pathways in RA.
ETV4 collaborates with Wnt/β-catenin signaling to alter cell cycle activity and promote tumor aggressiveness in gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma, often resulting from a KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutation. The lineage transcription factor ETV1 is expressed similarly in GISTs regardless of malignant potential. Although the related transcription factor ETV4 has been associated with metastasis and tumor progression in other cancers, its role in GIST is unknown. In this study, we found that ETV4 levels were high in a subset of human GISTs and correlated with high mitotic rate. Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis in selected human GISTs, we identified a relationship between ETV4 levels and β-catenin signaling, especially in advanced GISTs. GIST specimens with high ETV4 levels overexpressed cell cycle regulating genes and had aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. In human GIST cell lines, ETV4 RNA interference suppressed cell cycle genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. ETV4 knockdown also reduced tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, ETV4 overexpression increased cyclin D1 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, we determined that ETV4 knockdown destabilized nuclear β-catenin and increased its degradation via COP1, an E3 ligase involved in both ETV4 and β-catenin turnover. Aberrant accumulation of ETV4 and nuclear β-catenin was found in patient derived xenografts created from metastatic GISTs that became resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Collectively, our findings highlight the significance of ETV4 expression in GIST and identify ETV4 as a biomarker in human GISTs.
Energy-Efficient Write Scheme for Nonvolatile Resistive Crossbar Arrays With Selectors

The write operation of a resistive memory based on a one-selector–one-resistor (1S1R) crossbar array consumes significant energy and is dependent on the device and circuit characteristics as well as the bias scheme. In this paper, the energy efficiency of a crossbar array of a 1S1R configuration during a write operation is explored for the $V/2$ and $V/3$ bias schemes. The characteristics that affect the most energy-efficient bias scheme are demystified. The write energy of a crossbar array is modeled in terms of the array size, number of selected cells, and nonlinearity factor. For a specific array size and selector technology, the number of selected cells during a write operation can affect the choice of bias scheme. The effect of leakage current due to partially biased unselected cells is explored. Furthermore, an energy-efficient write operation based on a hybrid bias scheme is proposed to reduce the write energy. This write operation adaptively sets the bias scheme based on the number of selected cells to enhance overall energy efficiency. Energy improvements of more than two times are demonstrated with this hybrid bias scheme.
Residential noise from nearby oil and gas well construction and drilling.

Public concern about oil and gas (OG yet the impacts of audible and low-frequency noise during these operations are not extensively explored nor the effects on health well understood. This study documents the noise levels at a multi-well OG thus, these noise levels have the potential to impact health and noise levels and associated health effects warrant further investigation.
Household and block level influences on residential fertilizer use

Abstract Urban and suburban lawns make up a large share of land use in the US. Maintaining lawns to fulfill aesthetic norms has environmental consequences. In this analysis, we examine household decisions to apply nitrogen-containing lawn fertilizer. Using survey data of 298 households in Nashville, Tennessee, we first examine the prevalence of fertilizer use and the rate of annual nitrogen applied. We find that the resulting distribution is skewed, with the top 20% of the sample applying 56% of the total share of nitrogen. In contrast to this subset of “intensive” fertilizers, 93% of households applied at or below levels recommended by landscaping professionals, challenging the assumption that the over-application of fertilizer is widespread. We employed multi-level modeling to examine the relative importance of household- and block-level characteristics on fertilizer use and the intensity of use. Consistent with prior work, we find that the desire for a green lawn is a significant predictor of fertilizer use. However, we also find that living on a wealthy block and living near others who value a green lawn independently predict fertilizer use. In addition, we observe that intensive fertilizing households tend to be less wealthy than others on their block, suggesting the possibility of an aspirational dimension to fertilizer use. Finally, we find evidence that environmental concern is associated with less intensive fertilizer use, suggesting that households may be willing to take some steps to mitigate the impact of their lawn care on the environment.
River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean: A Global Synthesis

Foreword 1. Introduction 2. Runoff, erosion and delivery to the coastal ocean 3. Temporal variations 4. Human impacts Appendices. Global River Database: Appendix A: North and Central America Appendix B: South America Appendix C: Europe Appendix D: Africa Appendix E: Eurasia Appendix F: Asia Appendix G: Oceania References Index.
The Neurochemistry of Consciousness

This article covers the neurochemical basis of three different categories of consciousness (1) clinical, (2) awareness, and (3) phenomenal. The first section covers general anesthesia; desferrioxamine/prochlorperazine coma; and cholinergic nuclei. The second section deals with the family of neuromodulators involved in awareness. The third section covers psychedelic drugs and serotonin 2(A) receptors; the role of acetylcholine in virtual reality and information compression mechanisms in visual perception; the adrenergic system in the medulla and bipolar disorder; and the microanatomy and neurochemistry of schizophrenia.
Demyelination of vestibular nerve axons in unilateral Ménière's disease.

We conducted a study to determine whether vestibular nerves in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease whose symptoms are refractory to medical management exhibit neuropathologic changes. We also endeavored to determine whether retrocochlear abnormalities are primary or secondary factors in the disease process. To these ends, we obtained vestibular nerve segments from five patients during retrosigmoid (posterior fossa) neurectomy, immediately fixed them, and processed them for light and electron microscopy. We found that all five segments exhibited moderate to severe demyelination with axonal sparing. Moreover, we noted that reactive astrocytes produced an extensive proliferation of fibrous processes and that the microglia assumed a phagocytic role. We conclude that the possible etiologies of demyelination include viral and/or immune-mediated factors similar to those seen in other demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Our findings suggest that some forms of Meniere's disease that are refractory to traditional medical management might be the result of retrocochlear pathology that affects the neuroglial portion of the vestibular nerve.
MIXED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN TRUNCATED CONE ENCLOSURE AS SOLAR CONTAINER WITH INTERNAL CENTERED TRIANGLE OBSTACLE

In this study, the mixed convection heat transfer of the air inside a truncated cone enclosure with aspect ratio of (0.75, 1.75, 2, 2.45 and 2.65) with centered triangle obstacle height varying by (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 20 cm) and the heated wall inclination angles of (20o, 30o, 40o, 50o, 60o), the Richardson number in the range of (7 to 11) was investigated numerically. The results are addressed to automotive a suggested solar container with titled solar collector. The heat transfer from the heat source (inclined solar collector) of the enclosure walls is investigated for mixed convection as interaction of the forced convection flow between the inlet and outlet port in the bottom wall. The parameters of heat source, Reynolds number, obstacle height, enclosure aspect ratio, and left and right walls titled angles are considered in this work. The numerical simulation of the problem is carried out using commercial CFD code. The results are given in terms of the streamlines, isothermal, and the enclosure Nusselt number that characterizes the heat transfer from the heat source and from the interior fluid to the enclosure walls, respectively. The results show that the interaction of the main flow and the flow at the heated walls and the buoyancy force at the heated walls increased by using a triangular obstacle and by increasing the obstacle heights, it increased by 20% when using obstacle at position of (h=5 cm). Also, it is found that the Nu increased with increasing Re and the wall heat flux. The Nu increased with increasing Ri in the case of using (h=0 and 5 cm) but it decreased slightly in the other cases and showed that the minimum value of Nu present at a heated wall inclination of θ=50o but the maximum value at θ=30o. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/090420
Performance analysis of linearly-swept frequency-modulated continuous-wave ladar

Optical frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry using a swept laser source allows for highly precise distance measurements. The FMCW technique has the distinct capability to perform both diffuse surface and sub-surface ranging with micron-level accuracy over meters of depth. Similar to swept-source optical coherence tomography, this technique can also produce detailed images of internal structures over large volumes. Recent advances such as active sweep linearization and laser phase-noise suppression techniques have greatly improved the ranging depth and accuracy, allowing for high-resolution 3D imaging of complex objects. Understanding how these techniques can affect the FMCW signal is key in determining system performance limits. The application of an opto-electronic phaselocked loop (OPLL) can greatly reduce both the laser phase noise and deterministic sweep errors. The OPLL uses optical feedback to suppress sweep nonlinearities while also controlling drifts that can be extremely detrimental to the accuracy of the interferometric beat signal. In this work, an analysis of various error sources encountered in activelylinearized FMCW ranging systems is presented.
The Library Outreach Casebook. Ryan L. Sittler and Terra J. Rogerson, eds. Chicago: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2018. 214p. Paper, $56.00 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-4873-6). LC: 2018-043645.

One challenge of discussing outreach is that it takes a different shape in every library, a reality that The Library Outreach Casebook represents through a spectrum of experiences, ideas, and approaches. Editors Ryan L. Sittler and Terra J. Rogerson have compiled 20 different case studies in outreach and marketing for libraries. They note in the introduction that the book is intended to serve as a companion to the forthcoming title The Library Outreach Cookbook by providing readers with a taste of the scope of outreach and marketing efforts going on at other libraries. Unfortunately, Sittler and Rogerson’s introduction misrepresents the true value of the volume they have assembled. Although they promise to “describe and address universal problems that all librarians face” and suggest taking an “all of the above” approach to the advice contained therein (vii), casebooks are inherently limited. The situations described are unique, and the solutions and innovations employed are likewise constricted in their applicability. Librarians will not walk away from this volume with clear-cut solutions or formulas to deploy. The programming, marketing, and project management systems described should not all be attempted by any one library. Even knowing this, it is easy to see how Rogerson and Sittler have created something of great value in this collection: a book where librarians can witness the critical thinking and problem solving of other libraries. The value of this work lies in its capacity to inspire similar ingenuity in its readers, who—facing an entirely different set of challenges at their own institution—are better prepared to brainstorm solutions and be more familiar with the tools available because they have heard the stories of others.
Tumor in the Right Abdomen

Tumors on this side can grow to prodigious size. Therefore, they become palpable or otherwise cause some mild symptoms before the diagnosis is made. They may involve the diaphragm, the right lobe of the liver, the right adrenal gland and kidney, and the inferior vena cava. For large tumor masses in the right side of the abdomen, a left lateral position is preferred for surgery. A midline incision is carried out from the xiphoid to the right of the umbilicus and for a few centimeters below the umbilicus in the midline. The abdomen is opened; the surgeon then can palpate the area of the tumor mass and perhaps perform some initial maneuvers to expose and free this mass from surrounding structures. In the case illustrated, the retroperitoneal tumor is found between the liver and the hepatic flexure of the colon (Fig. 37.1). An incision in the right parietal peritoneum is made along the white line adjacent to the ascending colon and then around the lateral border of the palpable mass (Fig. 37.2). Inferiorly, the dissection of the tumor mass allows one to free the lower pole of this mass, including the kidney, which appears to be involved. The ureter is exposed at a sufficient distance from the tumor mass. The lower part of the inferior vena cava below the renal veins is also exposed (Fig. 37.3). The duodenum, with the head of the pancreas, is dissected off the area of the tumor. In this patient, the duodenum and head of the pancreas are free of involvement (Fig. 37.4). The parietal peritoneum between the right lobe of the liver and the tumor mass is incised (Fig. 37.5). The right triangular ligament is divided (Fig. 37.6). It is found that the posterior portion of the right hemidiaphragm is involved by the tumor, so the incision is extended to include the right chest. This oblique incision joins the midline incision slightly above the level of the umbilicus.
A Charge-Pump-based Digital LDO Employing an AC-Coupled High-Z Feedback Loop Towards a sub-4fs FoM and a 105,000x Stable Dynamic Current Range

This paper presents an event-driven charge-pump-based digital LDO (DLDO) with an AC-coupled high-Z (ACHZ) feedback loop. The proposed DLDO responses in less than a clock cycle during load transients, achieving response and settling times of 6.9ns and 65ns, respectively, all at $\mathrm {a}4.9 \mu \mathrm {A}$ quiescent current for a sub-4fs FoM. Thanks to the fine-tuning, sub-Vt detecting, overflow current suppressing, and $\mathrm {g}_{m} -$ adjusting weighted-charge-pump-based design, the ripple is measured to be $\lt 15$ mV, and a 105,000x stable load range $( 1 \mu \mathrm {A}$ to 105mA) is obtained in a 65nm prototype.
Recommended values for β+-delayed proton and α emission

Abstract Beta + -delayed proton (or α ) emission is a typical decay mode of very neutron-deficient nuclei. Valuable information for the ground state in the precursor, such as half-life, spin, and parity, can be obtained by studying the β + -p decay properties. The high efficiency and unique experimental signature for detecting protons allow one to study states in the β + -decay daughter that are not accessible through other means. By measuring the properties of protons emitted to a known state in the daughter, information on the structure of the proton-unbound state can be obtained. The known nuclei that exhibit this decay mode are evaluated to give the recommended values for the nuclear properties of these nuclei. This includes branching ratios, and half-lives. In addition for those nuclei with known resolved proton transitions, proton energies, intensities, and the energies of the proton-emitting states are compiled. A list of experimental references for each β + -p precursor is also given. All papers published prior to June 2019 have been considered in adopting the properties given in this work.
Mapping Sentences and Facet Theory

In this chapter I commence by introducing the mapping sentence and its theoretical underpinnings as these are found in the facet theory approach to research, and I explore the linguistic basis of the mapping sentence. We constantly use language (propositions, assertions, judgements) and informally assess the veracity of these in the enquiries and explorations we undertake in our daily lives. I cursively review these and the use of linguistic structures within formal research settings. I also consider how linguistic devices may constitute valid and useful tools in behavioural and cognitive research, and I consider the mapping sentence as a linguistic device that is used to guide research.