cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superficial temporal artery perforator flaps for reconstruction of intraoral defects.

Background Intraoral defects after tumor resection are often reconstructed with free tissue transfer. However, in patients who are not good candidates for free tissue transfer, regional flaps based on the superficial temporal artery can be utilized. The authors present our technique to reconstruct intraoral defects with the superficial temporal artery perforator (STAP) flap and early outcomes. Methods Five patients underwent STAP flaps for defects including the hard palate, buccal sulcus, floor of mouth, and retromolar trigone between 2017 and 2019. The mean defect size was 5.6 × 3.4 cm2 (3 × 3 cm2 - 7 × 4 cm2 ). The mean age was 74 (57-88) and all patients had recurrent cancer. External Doppler, indocyanine green laser angiography, and FLIR thermal imaging were used intra-operatively to identify the best perforators and plan for flap design. Results The mean flap size was 7.6 × 3.5 cm2 (6 × 3 cm2 - 10 × 5 cm2 ). Four flaps were based off of the posterior branch of the STA, while the fifth was based off of the anterior branch. Two donor sites were closed primarily, and three required skin grafts. One patient experienced partial flap necrosis. There were no complete flap losses and no donor site complications. Average follow up was 14.6 months (9-20 months). All patients maintained preoperative level of speech, mastication, and oral continence. Conclusions The STAP flap can be based on the anterior or posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery and is a useful regional flap for intraoral defects after tumor resection.
Topical corticosteroid withdrawal ('steroid addiction'): an update of a systematic review

Background Topical corticosteroid withdrawal is an entity associated with chronic steroid use and misuse that has not been fully described. Objective To further characterize this entity, elucidate relevant clinical features, and investigate possible treatments we provided an update to a systematic review done in 2015. Methods We searched Ovid Medline, Pubmed, and Cochrane library for terms related to topical corticosteroid withdrawal from April 2014 to September 2020. Results This entity usually occurs after prolonged use of moderate- to high-intensity topical steroid usage usually on the face. It is most common in women and many patients present due to improper use such as for cosmetic reasons. Symptoms include erythema, itchiness, and burning; secondary lesions are common scales. Limitations Due to the paucity of available study, we elected to include all articles found which led to limitations being lack of heterogeneity, diversity of outcome measures reported, and a higher risk of bias in some included studies. Conclusion Topical corticosteroid withdrawal should be suspected in patients presenting with prolonged usage, erythema, and burning or itch. Patient education and follow up is important to address improper usage. Future studies should focus on comparison group studies to investigate treatment and risk factors.
High-Throughput Screening Assays to Identify Plant Natural Products with Antifungal Properties Against Fusarium oxysporum.

Fusarium oxysporum is a cross-kingdom fungal pathogen that not only causes devastating plant vascular diseases but can also opportunistically infect humans. Here we describe two high-throughput screening assays, a resazurin cell viability assay and an optical density assay, to screen natural products from cultured plant cells with antifungal properties against a clinical isolate of F. oxysporum. After elicitation by applying methyl jasmonate or by co-culture with F. oxysporum, as an abiotic elicitor and a biotic elicitor, respectively, we identified three cell lines that produce materials that inhibit fungal growth. Our procedure validates the powerful potential of combining high-throughput methods for the discovery of novel anti-pathogenic leads.
Reproductive biology of the red panda

Abstract This chapter highlights the various components of red panda reproductive biology: sexual maturation, reproductive seasonality, breeding behaviour, ovarian dynamics and pregnancy from embryonic diapause through parturition. The interplay between photoperiod and hormones responsible for orchestrating reproductive processes is described. Approaches to monitoring reproduction, including faecal hormone analyses and ultrasonography, are reviewed, including the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Because many details of reproduction in this species remain mysterious, the chapter concludes with a discussion of several aspects of red panda biology related to reproduction that merits further research, such as husbandry, diet and novel monitoring methods.
The catalytic mechanism of guanine nucleotide exchange factor action and competitive inhibition by phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2.

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) is a multisubunit protein involved in the initiation of translation. Although numerous models have been proposed for its mechanism of action, none have been definitive. An assay dependent on GEF activity was developed using highly purified eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and GEF from Ehrlich cells. GEF was considered in terms of an enzyme whose catalytic function was the exchange of eIF-2-bound [alpha-32P]GDP for unlabeled nucleotide. The turnover number of GEF at 37 degrees C, calculated on the basis of enzyme kinetic methods is 0.027 s, which is consistent with in vivo rates of protein synthesis. Moreover, kinetic data support an enzyme-substituted mechanism as the mode of GEF function. This mechanism proposes the existence of a GEF.eIF-2.GDP complex and excludes the possibility of two guanine nucleotide binding sites on eIF-2. An analogous mechanism has been recently reported for elongation factor Ts, suggesting the importance of this mechanism to protein synthesis. The mechanism of inhibition of GEF function by eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation has also been investigated. It has been generally assumed that the mechanism by which eIF-2(P) traps GEF is an excessively stable complex, from which GEF is released very slowly. Data presented here, however, reveal that eIF-2(P).GDP is a competitive inhibitor of GEF (rather than an irreversible inhibitor) competing with eIF-2.GDP for binding to GEF. Even though the eIF-2(P).GDP.GEF complex dissociates too rapidly to measure, GEF is trapped because it has at least 150-fold greater affinity for eIF-2(P).GDP than for eIF-2.GDP. The implications of competitive inhibition with respect to the mechanism of reversal of inhibition by an eIF-2(P) phosphatase are discussed.
Dietary fiber for cats: in vitro fermentation of selected fiber sources by cat fecal inoculum and in vivo utilization of diets containing selected fiber sources and their blends.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the addition of single sources and blends of dietary fibers to cat diets. In Exp. 1, fermentability of selected fibrous substrates by cat fecal microflora was evaluated. After 24 h of fermentation, OM disappearance (OMD) and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were greatest (P < .05) for citrus pectin, guar gum, and locust bean gum, whereas Solka Floc resulted in the least (P < .05) OMD and total SCFA production. In Exp. 2, six diets were formulated based on results of Exp. 1. The highest (P < .05) digestibilities of DM and OM occurred when cats consumed the diet with no supplemental fiber, and the lowest (P < .05) digestibilities occurred when cats consumed the SCFA blend (SC) diet. Nitrogen and lipid digestibilities also were lowest (P < .05) for cats consuming the SC diet, whereas total dietary fiber (TDF) digestibility (P < .05) was greatest for cats consuming the beet pulp, SC, and combination blend diets. Fecal consistency scores were highest (P < .05) for cats consuming the SC diet, indicating liquid, unformed stools. In conclusion, the in vitro fermentation technique was reasonably accurate in predicting in vivo digestion of fiber. The SC diet, which contained the most fermentable fibers, severely decreased nutrient digestibility and resulted in poor stool characteristics. Diets that contain moderately fermentable fiber provide fermentation end products that may be important in maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal tract of the cat.
Mean growth of Koenigs eigenfunctions

In 1884, G. Koenigs solved Schroeder's functional equation f o a = Af in the following context: ( is a given holomorphic function mapping the open unit disk U into itself and fixing a point a E U, f is holomorphic on U, and A is a complex scalar. Koenigs showed that if 0 equation for p has a unique holomorphic solution cr satisfying a Co p = '(a)a and o(0) = 1; moreover, he showed that the only other solutions are the obvious ones given by constant multiples of powers of a. We call a the Koenigs eigenfunction of (. Motivated by fundamental issues in operator theory and function theory, we seek to understand the growth of integral means of Koenigs eigenfunctions. For 0 of ( to belong to the Hardy space HP and show that the condition is necessary when ( is analytic on the closed disk. For many mappings ( the condition may be expressed as a relationship between (p'(a) and derivatives of ( at points on OU that are fixed by some iterate of (. Our work depends upon a formula we establish for the essential spectral radius of any composition operator on the Hardy space HP. DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY, LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA 24450 E-mail address: pbourdonfwlu.edu DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824 E-mail address: shapirofmath. msu. edu This content downloaded from 157.55.39.211 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 06:33:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Aortocoronary bypass saphenous vein graft atherosclerosis. Anatomic study of 99 vein grafts from normal and hyperlipoproteinemic patients up to 75 months postoperatively.

Abstract In this anatomic study of 99 saphenous vein grafts recovered at autopsy from 55 patients who survived aortocoronary bypass for 0 to 75 months, a comparison was made between patients with normal and elevated lipid levels in regard to the severity of vein graft intimai proliferation and the prevalence of true atherosclerosis. Although progression of intimai proliferation with time occurred in both patient groups, a greater proportion of hyperlipemic patients had high grade luminal narrowing of vein grafts as the interval after aortocoronary bypass increased. True atherosclerosis did not develop before 12 months in any of the 59 vein grafts from the 27 normolipemic and 5 hyperlipemic patients who survived aortocoronary bypass, but it occurred in 3 of 26 vein grafts (11.5 percent) from normolipemic and 11 of 14 vein grafts (78.6 percent) from hyperlipemic patients who survived 13 to 75 months after aortocoronary bypass. The observation that microscopic changes of atherosclerosis may occur in saphenous vein grafts in some patients without hyperlipemia also emphasizes the importance of effective control not only of blood lipids but also of the other recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Combined Departure Time/Route Choice Models

A dynamic route guidance system seeks to improve the utilization of transportation network capacity and reduce travel times, congestion and the effect of incidents. Provided with early detection of incidents and congestion, users of the system may be able to choose alternative routes, if there is excess capacity in the network, or shift their departure times to avoid congestion when little road capacity is available.
Characterization of Human Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide Receptor CD14 Expression in Transgenic Mice

CD14 is a major receptor for the bacterial endotoxin LPS. Since CD14 is specifically and highly expressed on the surface of monocytic cells, it has been used as a monocyte/macrophage differentiation marker. To identify elements that are critical for the direction of the tissue-specific expression of CD14, an 80-kb genomic DNA fragment containing the coding region of the CD14 gene, as well as a considerable amount of both upstream and downstream sequence, was used to generate transgenic mice. The analysis of mice from six different founder lines demonstrated that this genomic DNA fragment was sufficient to direct human CD14 gene expression in a monocyte-specific manner among hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the data lead us to a new finding that CD14 is highly expressed in the human liver, a primary organ involved in the acute phase response. These transgenic mice provide a useful model to analyze the biological function of human CD14.
Judit Frigyesi, Béla Bartók and Turn-of-the-Century Budapest

Judit Frigyesi, B$eAla Bart$oAk and Turn-of-the-Century Budapest. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1998. x + 356 pp. ISBN 0 520 20740 8
A four component picture for jet induced correlations in heavy ion collisions?. Recent results on two and three particle correlations

These proceedings review recent results from two and three particle correlations in heavy ion collisions. In particular we discuss the modified structure of the away side jet correlations. Under the assumption that the away side can be decomposed into a punch through component at Δφ=π and a shoulder component with a peak displaced from π many similar properties are observed between the ridge and shoulder. The particle ratios, yields and pT spectra are in near agreement. We also highlight important future measurements, including investigating if the decomposition of the away side jet correlations remains reasonable with high pT triggers and technical improvements to the extraction of jet induced correlations.
Pituitary Tumors in Patients With Secondary Amenorrhea

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of radiologically detectable pituitary tumors among patients seen initially in a gynecology clinic for a complaint of secondary amenorrhea. In a group of 144 women with secondary amenorrhea of more than 6 months' duration, 13 had radiologic abnormalities of the sella turcica detectable with standard skull films without tomography. These gynecologic patients composed more than half of the women in the reproductive age group who were diagnosed at this medical center as having a pituitary tumor. Only one patient with oligomenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea of less than 2 years' duration had a detectable tumor. Thus, for patients with short-term amenorrhea, the risk of having a pituitary tumor is small, especially in the absence of galactorrhea, headache, or changes in vision. However, 12 of 71 patients with amenorrhea longer than 2 years (17%) had detectable tumors and the risk appears to increase progressively with time. Assay of adrenal and thyroid hormones did not discriminate between patients with and without pituitary tumors. Early detection of these tumors is aided by serial sella x-rays, tomograms, prolactin assays, and newer pituitary function tests. Patients presenting with postpill amenorrhea and postpartum amenorrhea illustrate the hazard of interpreting a temporal relationship as a causal one.
Appearance of untreated bone metastases from breast cancer on FDG PET/CT: importance of histologic subtype

To determine if the histology of a breast malignancy influences the appearance of untreated osseous metastases on FDG PET/CT. This retrospective study was performed under IRB waiver. Our Hospital Information System was screened for breast cancer patients who presented with osseous metastases, who underwent FDG PET/CT prior to systemic therapy or radiotherapy from 2009 to 2012. Patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), or mixed ductal/lobular (MDL) histology were included. Patients with a history of other malignancies were excluded. PET/CT was evaluated, blinded to histology, to classify osseous metastases on a per-patient basis as sclerotic, lytic, mixed lytic/sclerotic, or occult on CT, and to record SUVmax for osseous metastases on PET. Following screening, 95 patients who met the inclusion criteria (74 IDC, 13 ILC, and 8 MDL) were included. ILC osseous metastases were more commonly sclerotic and demonstrated lower SUVmax than IDC metastases. In all IDC and MDL patients with osseous metastases, at least one was FDG-avid. For ILC, all patients with lytic or mixed osseous metastases demonstrated at least one FDG-avid metastasis; however, in only three of seven patients were sclerotic osseous metastases apparent on FDG PET. The histologic subtype of breast cancer affects the appearance of untreated osseous metastases on FDG PET/CT. In particular, non-FDG-avid sclerotic osseous metastases were more common in patients with ILC than in patients with IDC. Breast cancer histology should be considered when interpreting non-FDG-avid sclerotic osseous lesions on PET/CT, which may be more suspicious for metastases (rather than benign lesions) in patients with ILC.
Template‐based and free modeling by RAPTOR++ in CASP8

We developed and tested RAPTOR++ in CASP8 for protein structure prediction. RAPTOR++ contains four modules: threading, model quality assessment, multiple protein alignment, and template-free modeling. RAPTOR++ first threads a target protein to all the templates using three methods and then predicts the quality of the 3D model implied by each alignment using a model quality assessment method. Based upon the predicted quality, RAPTOR++ employs different strategies as follows. If multiple alignments have good quality, RAPTOR++ builds a multiple protein alignment between the target and top templates and then generates a 3D model using MODELLER. If all the alignments have very low quality, RAPTOR++ uses template-free modeling. Otherwise, RAPTOR++ submits a threading-generated 3D model with the best quality. RAPTOR++ was not ready for the first 1/3 targets and was under development during the whole CASP8 season. The template-based and template-free modeling modules in RAPTOR++ are not closely integrated. We are using our template-free modeling technique to refine template-based models. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Directed evolution to bypass cyclin requirements for the Cdc28p cyclin-dependent kinase.

Abstract To identify cyclin-dependent kinase mutants with relaxed cyclin requirements, CDC28 alleles were selected that could rescue a yeast strain expressing as its only CLN G1 cyclin a mutant Cln2p (K129A,E183A) that is defective for Cdc28p binding. Rescue of this strain by mutant CDC28 was dependent upon the mutant cln2-KAEA , but additional mutagenesis and DNA shuffling yielded multiply mutant CDC28-BYC alleles (bypass of CLN s) that could support highly efficient cell cycle initiation in the complete absence of CLN genes. By gel filtration chromatography, one of the mutant Cdc28 proteins exhibited kinase activity associated with cyclin-free monomer. Thus, the mutants' CLN bypass activity might result from constitutive, cyclin-independent activity, suggesting that Cdk targeting by cyclins is not required for cell cycle initiation.
Thermal and mechanical characteristics of stainless steel, titanium-molybdenum, and nickel-titanium archwires.

Introduction: In recent years, nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) archwires have been developed that undergo thermal transitions. Before the practitioner can fully utilize these products, the effect of those transitions within the clinical application must be understood. Methods: The transitional temperatures and mechanical stiffnesses of 3 archwire alloys—stainless steel, beta-titanium, and Ni-Ti—were investigated were for 7 products. Among the nickel-titanium alloys, 2 were thought to represent classic Ni-Ti products and 3 copper (Cu)-Ni-Ti products. By using 2 techniques, differential scanning calorimetry to measure heat flow and dynamic mechanical analysis to measure storage modulus, transition temperatures were evaluated from −30°C to +80°C. Results: With regard to the first technique, no transitions were observed for the stainless steel alloy, the beta-titanium alloy, and 1 of the 2 classic Ni-Ti products. For the other classic Ni-Ti product, however, a martensitic-austenitic transition was suggested on heating, and a reverse transformation was suggested on cooling. As expected, the Cu-Ni-Ti 27, 35, and 40 products manifested austenitic finish temperatures of 29.3°C, 31.4°C, and 37.3°C, respectively, as the enthalpy increased from 2.47 to 3.18 calories per gram. With regard to the second technique, the storage modulus at a low frequency of 0.1 Hz paralleled static mechanical tests for the stainless steel alloy (183 gigapascal [GPa]), the beta-titanium alloy (64 GPa), and the Nitinol Classic (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) product that represented a stable martensitic phase (41 GPa). The remaining 4 Ni-Ti products generally varied from 20 to 35 GPa when the low-temperature or martensitic phase was present and from 60 to 70 GPa after the high-temperature or austenitic phase had formed. Conclusions: From the clinical viewpoint, the Orthonol (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, Colo), Cu-Ni-Ti 27, Cu-Ni-Ti 35, and Cu-Ni-Ti 40 (SDS/Ormco, Glendora, Calif) products increased at least twofold in stiffness as temperature increased, best emulating the stiffness of Nitinol Classic below the transformational temperature and the stiffness of TMA (SDS/Ormco, Glendora, Calif) above the transformational temperature. Of the 3 Cu-Ni-Ti products, the least differences were found between Cu-Ni-Ti 27 and Cu-Ni-Ti 35, thereby questioning the justification for 3 similar products.
Memory‐Efficient Up‐the‐Ramp Processing with Cosmic‐Ray Rejection

We introduce a memory-efficient method for processing up-the-ramp sampled data to reduce noise and remove cosmic-ray events. The method we describe includes initial processing in the readout electronics (onboard, in the case of a space mission) plus postprocessing downstream. This data processing approach can be used to record or downlink high-quality science data using a small fraction of the bits required to transmit the full data, potentially reducing the volume to 0.01-0.001 of its original size. The onboard component has the advantage that it "processes as you go," reducing the online memory requirements. The processing and memory requirements are modest and are within the scope of current-generation avionics systems. We discuss the requirements and the performance of the algorithm. We also demonstrate the quality of the resulting data.
Silicon photodiode detector for small‐angle X‐ray scattering

A photodiode X-ray detector was built to measure small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at a synchrotron-radiation source in conjunction with a double-crystal diffractometer SAXS camera at photon energies between 5 and 11 keV. The photodiode detector response in this energy range is linear at photon counting rates up to 1012 photons s−1 and thus it was not necessary to attenuate the monochromatic X-ray beam with calibrated foils. SAXS data taken with a scintillation counter and the photodiode detector are compared, demonstrating marked improvement in counting statistics, rate of data acquisition and signal-to-noise ratio.
Correlations for Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Treatment with Suicide and Homicide across 21 Nations

In this study which followed Lester's work of 1998 and 2001 for 27 nations of the world, membership in Alcoholics Anonymous, but not alcohol consumption or cirrhosis mortality as measures of alcohol use, abuse, and treatment, correlated with homicide but not suicide rates. Changes in Alcoholics Anonymous membership were not associated with changes in age-adjusted rates of homicide or suicide.
Calcium messenger system: role of protein phosphorylation and inositol bisphospholipids.

Poovaiah, B. W., Reddy, A. S. N. and McFadden, J. J. 1987. Calcium messenger system: Role of protein phosphorylation and inositol bisphospholipids.
Beurling-Lax representations using classical Lie groups with many applications. IV. GL(n, R), U∗(2n), SL(n,C), and a solvable group

On etudie la representation d'un sous-espace invariant #7B-M de L 2Π (C n ): #7B-M=ΘH 2 (C n ), ou Θ et Θ −1 sont des matrices bornees sur Π, le cercle unite. On considere des fonctions Θ dont les valeurs limites sont dans un groupe de Lie particulier T de matrices: Θ(exp(it))∈T pour p.p.t.
Catalytic properties of initial and thermosteamed faujasites in n-hexane aromatization

Regularities in n-hexane conversion on decationized Y zeolites under cracking and aromatization conditions have been studied. Possible formation of lower olefins and benzenes in parallel reactions following different mechanisms at low conversion degrees is suggested. The effect of thermosteam treatment on the activity and selectivity of Y zeolites in n-hexane conversion has been examined.
Differential effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on inflammation and endothelial function in diabetes.

Abstract Objective To characterize acute (postprandial) and chronic (after a 6-month period of weight loss) effects of a low-carbohydrate vs. a low-fat diet on subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with type 2 diabetes. Design At baseline and 6 months, measures of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and soluble E-selectin were obtained from archived samples ( n =51) of participants randomized in a clinical trial comparing a low-carbohydrate and a low-fat diet. In a subset of participants ( n =27), postprandial measures of these markers were obtained 3 h after a low-carbohydrate or low-fat liquid meal. Endothelial function was also measured by reactive hyperemic peripheral arterial tonometry during the meal test. Paired t tests and unpaired t tests compared within- and between-group changes. Results There were no significant differences observed in postprandial measures of inflammation or endothelial function. After 6 months, CRP (mean±S.E.) decreased in the low-fat arm from 4.0±0.77 to 3.0±0.77 ( P =.01). In the low-carbohydrate arm, sICAM decreased from 234±22 to 199±23 ( P =.001), and soluble E-selectin decreased from 93±10 to 82±10 ( P =.05.) A significant correlation between change in high-density lipoprotein and change in soluble E-selectin ( r =−0.33, P =.04) and with the change in ICAM ( r =−0.43, P =.01) was observed. Conclusions Low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets both have beneficial effects on CVD markers. There may be different mechanisms through which weight loss with these diets potentially reduces CVD risk.
Incremental Validity of the MMPI-A Content Scales in a Residential Treatment Facility

The current study explores the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Adolescent (MMPI-A) content scales. Participants were 335 adolescents (250 boys and 85 girls) between the ages of 13 and 18 who were receiving mental health services from a residential treatment facility. Regression analyses were conducted to identify the amount of additional variance accounted for by the content scales over the clinical scales in predicting scores on a clinician rating form of psychological symptomatology. Several of the MMPI-A content scales demonstrated significant incremental validity above the clinical scales in predicting clinician ratings of adolescents' behavior and personality characteristics. The clinical scales also demonstrated incremental validity in reference to the content scales, indicating then that the two sets of scales provide complementary information. Magnitude of the additional criterion variance predicted was modest.
Parceling Human Accumbens into Putative Core and Shell Dissociates Encoding of Values for Reward and Pain

In addition to their well-established role in signaling rewarding outcomes and reward-predictive cues and in mediating positive reinforcement, there is growing evidence that nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons also signal aversive events and cues that predict them. Here we use diffusion tractography to subdivide the right NAc into lateral–rostral (putative core, pcore) and medial–caudal (putative shell, pshell) subdivisions in humans. The two subregions exhibited differential structural connectivity, based on probabilistic tractography, to prefrontal cortical and subcortical limbic regions. We also demonstrate unique roles for each of the two subdivisions for monetary reward and thermal pain perception tasks: pshell signaling impending pain and value predictions for monetary gambles and pcore activating with anticipation of cessation of thermal pain (signaling reward value of analgesia). We examined functional connectivity for resting state, monetary reward, and thermal pain tasks, and for all three conditions observed that pcore and pshell of right NAc exhibit distinct patterns of synchrony (functional connectivity) to prefrontal cortical and subcortical limbic targets within the right hemisphere. To validate the NAc segregation, we mirrored the coordinates of right NAc pcore and pshell onto the left hemisphere and examined structural and resting state connectivity in the left hemisphere. This latter analysis closely replicated target-specific connections we obtained for the right hemisphere. Overall, we demonstrate that the human NAc can be parceled based on structural and functional connectivity, and that activity in these subdivisions differentially encodes values for expected pain relief and for expected monetary reward.
Euler-Lagrange Elasticity with Dynamics

The equations of Euler-Lagrange elasticity describe elastic deformations without reference to stress or strain. These equations as previously published are applicable only to quasi-static deformations. This paper extends these equations to include time dependent deformations. To accomplish this, an appropriate Lagrangian is defined and an extrema of the integral of this Lagrangian over the original material volume and time is found. The result is a set of Euler equations for the dynamics of elastic materials without stress or strain, which are appropriate for both finite and infinitesimal deformations of both isotropic and anisotropic materials. Finally, the resulting equations are shown to be no more than Newton's Laws applied to each infinitesimal volume of the material.
Results of intermittent human growth hormone (HGH) therapy in hypopituitary dwarfism.

ABSTRACT Eighteen children with hypopituitary dwarfism were treated with intermittent human growth hormone administered 4 times a year during 1 to 9 yr. Long-term studies showed that 5 of 7 children treated for 4 or more years doubled the pre-treatment growth rate. Although the mean growth increment for the first year (5.54 cm) was less than has been reported in a continuous therapy program, the mean growth increment per year did not significantly decrease until the fourth year. No conclusion about dose-response could be drawn in this study. Antibody titers were not elevated. The long-term growth in these children indicated that the increments were sustained, provided the children were in good health during the administration of the hormone and received 4 courses per year.
A spatially-regularized dynamic source localization algorithm for EEG

Cortical activity can be estimated from electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetoencephalogram (MEG) data by solving an ill-conditioned inverse problem that is regularized using neuroanatomical, computational, and dynamic constraints. Recent methods have incorporated spatio-temporal dynamics into the inverse problem framework. In this approach, spatio-temporal interactions between neighboring sources enforce a form of spatial smoothing that enhances source localization quality. However, spatial smoothing could also occur by way of correlations within the state noise process that drives the underlying dynamic model. Estimating the spatial covariance structure of this state noise is challenging, particularly in EEG and MEG data where the number of underlying sources is far greater than the number of sensors. However, the EEG/MEG data are sparse compared to the large number of sources, and thus sparse constraints could be used to simplify the form of the state noise spatial covariance. In this work, we introduce an empirically tailored basis to represent the spatial covariance structure within the state noise processes of a cortical dynamic model for EEG source localization. We augment the method presented in Lamus, et al. (2011) to allow for sparsity enforcing priors on the covariance parameters. Simulation studies as well as analysis of real data reveal significant gains in the source localization performance over existing algorithms.
Potential Impacts of Global Warming on Groundwater in Eastern Massachusetts

The possible impacts of climate change induced by global warming on a highly permeable, unconfined aquifer located in the humid northeastern U.S. is analyzed for the years 2030 and 2100. The groundwater model MODFLOW is calibrated and verified for the area and used to analyze the impacts of several mean and drought climate change scenarios. Pumping conditions and land use are assumed to remain the same as at present. The climate change scenarios result in either slightly higher, no different, or significantly less annual recharge and groundwater elevations, producing a variety of impacts on wetlands, water supply potential, and low flows. Impacts are most severe under some drought scenarios. The policy response to the possible impacts as recommended by the leader of a watershed advocacy group is that wise management of the aquifer should be advocated with a particular focus on limiting the expansion of water supply from the aquifer and increasing the present amount of groundwater recharge.
Device limitations and light-soaking effects in CZTSSe and CZTGeSSe

Advancements in thin film Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1−x ) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells have recently achieved power conversion efficiencies >10%, indicating the potential of this low cost, earth abundant material system as a viable alternative to CIGS and CdTe absorbers [1]. Understanding the limitations in this material system is essential for further advancements in device performance. This work demonstrates the importance of the CdS/CZTSSe interface and conduction band alignment for improving the performance of CZTSSe solar cells. Through incorporation of germanium into CZTSSe, a material with tunable band gap and conduction band level can be achieved. Comparing Cu 2 Zn(Sn y Ge 1−y )(S x Se 1−x ) (CZTGeSSe) with standard CZTSSe devices allows for characterization of device limitations as a function of band gap and the conduction band offset at the CdS/CZTSSe interface. This work characterizes the effect of Ge incorporation on recombination, series resistance, and quantum efficiency in CZTSSe.
Demonstration of Conformational Changes Associated with Activation of the Maltose Transport Complex

In Escherichia coli, interaction of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein with a membrane-associated ATP-binding cassette transporter stimulates ATP hydrolysis, resulting in translocation of maltose into the cell. The maltose transporter contains two transmembrane subunits, MalF and MalG, and two copies of a nucleotide-hydrolyzing subunit, MalK. Mutant transport complexes that function in the absence of binding protein are thought to be stabilized in an ATPase-active conformation. To probe the conformation of the nucleotide-binding site and to gain an understanding of the nature of the conformational changes that lead to activation, cysteine 40 within the Walker A motif of the MalK subunit was modified by the fluorophore 2-(4′-maleimidoanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid. Fluorescence differences indicated that residues involved in nucleotide binding were less accessible to aqueous solvent in the binding protein independent transporter than in the wild-type transporter. Similar differences in fluorescence were seen when a vanadate-trapped transition state conformation was compared with the ground state in the wild-type transporter. Our results and recent crystal structures are consistent with a model in which activation of ATPase activity is associated with conformational changes that bring the two MalK subunits closer together, completing the nucleotide-binding sites and burying ATP in the interface.
Vibrations and large postbuckling deflections of optimal pinned columns with elastic foundations

The optimal distribution of material to maximize the critical load of columns has been studied extensively in the past, along with initial postbuckling behavior. Here, large postbuckling deflections are analyzed for optimal columns with pinned ends. Small vibrations of the optimal columns about postbuckled equilibrium shapes are also investigated. A shooting method is utilized to obtain numerical solutions. In some examples, an elastic foundation is attached to the column. The foundation includes the usual transverse resistance and an axial resisting force. The bifurcation is subcritical in some cases, and then the column is imperfection-sensitive. Results are compared to those for the corresponding uniform column with the same total volume.
The origin of the pseudoglandular spaces in metastatic smooth muscle neoplasm of uterine origin. Report of a case with ultrastructure and review of previous cases studied by electron microscopy.

The entity known as “leiomyomatous hamartoma,” a term that has been used in reference to metastatic smooth muscle neoplasms of uterine origin (MSMNUO), is uncommon. Several articles have dealt with clinical and light microscopic aspects of this lesion. Four reports on the ultrastructure of this type of neoplasm have been published, but they have been primarily concerned with its smooth muscle component. Much controversary exists as to whether the glandular elements are part of the neoplastic process or preexisting pulmonary elements. This ultrastructural study confirms that the gland-like spaces represent entrapped alveoli and terminal respiratory bronchioles.
Collisional studies involving N + and N 2 + ions and Hg X 2 ( X= Cl, Br, and I)

Charge transfer reactions involving collisions of ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ and ${N}_{2}^{+}$ ions and Hg${X}_{2}$ (X=Cl, Br, and I) molecules have been studied in the kinetic energy range of 1--1000 eV (laboratory frame). Emission spectra from the (B-X) transition of HgX radicals as well as mercury atomic lines from various highly excited energy levels have been observed and analyzed. By using the integrated intensity of the most intense bands of HgX (X=Br or I) radicals and strong mercury atomic lines, emission cross sections have been measured at various laboratory kinetic energies of the projectile ions.
Effect of Temperature on Delta‐9 Stearoyl‐ACP and Microsomal Omega‐6 Desaturase Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Content in Developing Soybean Seeds

Delta-9 stearoyl-ACP (SAD) and microsomal omega-6 oleate (FAD2) desaturases contribute to the maintenance of lipid fl uidity in membranes and the fatty acid composition of storage lipids in seed. Since these enzymes must operate at varying environmental temperatures, they are under constitutive control, but they may also be subject to fi ne regulation both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. We measured transcript accumulation of the seed-expressed SAD-A and SAD-B and FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes in the seeds of three soybean varieties grown at cool (22/18°C), normal (26/22°C), or warm (30/26°C) temperatures during pod fi ll. At the cool temperature, transcript accumulation of both the SAD and FAD2-1 genes was signifi cantly elevated, with FAD2-1B 2- to 10-fold or greater than FAD2-1A at 35 d after fl owering. Expression of both SAD and FAD2-1 were signifi cantly decreased in seed that developed at the warm temperature. Decreased FAD2-1 transcript accumulation at the warm temperature was positively associated with signifi cantly increased oleic and decreased linoleic acid content in the three varieties examined. Decreased SAD transcript accumulation at the warm temperature was positively associated with a significantly increased level of stearic acid but only in the high-stearate mutant line, A6. We conclude that environmental temperature modulates oleic and linoleic acid in developing seed through regulated FAD2-1 gene expression, but temperature modulation of stearic acid content in wildtype soybean may be more complex, involving in addition to SAD-A and -B, plastid thioesterase genes FATA and FATB.
Adapted Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian for polypyrrole

A generic class of Hamiltonians based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model is introduced to address the material-specific properties of conducting polymers beyond polyacetylene. Two physical parameters are incorporated into the original SSH model Hamiltonian, one being the scaling parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ accounts for the modified electron-phonon coupling strength of aromatic rings and the other parameter $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ representing the attractive cores of heterogeneous atoms, such as NH, S, and O. Their values are uniquely determined by two independent measurements, such as the experimental band gap of bulk polypyrrole (PPy) and the dimerization amplitude of pyrrole monomer computed by ab initio coupled cluster methods as chosen in this work. With the optimized values of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.46,\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4.27\text{ }\text{eV}}$, the adapted SSH (aSSH) Hamiltonian accurately reproduces the band gaps, molecular geometries, quasiparticle energies and wave functions, order parameters, discretized phonons around nonlinear polarons, and infrared and Raman spectra of both neutral and $p$-doped PPy chains of all lengths. It is expected that the generic formalism of the aSSH Hamiltonian, equipped with their corresponding ${\ensuremath{\gamma},\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$ values, would be applicable to other conducting polymers, such as polythiophene, polyfuran, poly-($p$-phenylene-vinylene), polyaniline, and their functional derivatives.
The MATK Tyrosine Kinase Interacts in a Specific and SH2-dependent Manner with c-Kit

We have cloned a protein tyrosine kinase, MATK, which is expressed abundantly in megakaryocytes and the brain. We investigated whether MATK participates in the c-Kit ligand/stem cell factor (KL/SCF) signaling pathway in the megakaryocytic cell line CMK. After KL/SCF stimulation, five major proteins of molecular masses of 145, 113, 92, 76, and 63 kDa were rapidly and transiently tyrosine-phosphorylated in a time-dependent manner, peaking within 5 min, and returning to basal levels within 60 min. To study the role of MATK in the KL/SCF signaling pathway, glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins containing SH2 and SH3 domains of MATK were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. MATK-SH2, but not MATK-SH3, precipitated the tyrosine-phosphorylated c-Kit (molecular mass of 145 kDa) in KL/SCF-stimulated CMK cells. Other GST fusion proteins containing the SH2 domain of p85 of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C gamma-1, and ras-GAP also precipitated c-Kit. The tyrosine-phosphorylated c-Kit was co-immunoprecipitated with anti-MATK and anti-p85 antibodies in KL/SCF-stimulated CMK cells, but not in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor or interleukin-6-stimulated cells, suggesting receptor specificity. These results indicate that MATK associates with the c-Kit receptor following specific stimulation by KL/SCF via its SH2 domain and likely participates in transduction of growth signals induced by this cytokine in megakaryocytes.
(Invited) Planar Field Effect Transistor Biosensors: Toward Single Molecular Detection and Clinical Applications

In this research, a recessed gate AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistor (HFET) is demonstrated for biodetection sensitivity improvement. The measurements are performed on a zero-bias gate configuration to eliminate the noise and electrochemical activities from the gate electrode. A detection limit in terms of the concentration is demonstrated at 16 aM on a gate-recessed AlGaN/GaN bioHFET for streptavidin (SA) detection. The reduction of low frequency noise contributes to the signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement. The recessed AlGaN/GaN bioHFETs have also been characterized in direct detection of biomarkers in physiological fluids at low concentrations for early-stage transplant rejection diagnostics. The electrical measurement results from recessed AlGaN/GaN bioHFETs are consistent with the patients' clinical behavior.
GIS-based biomass resource assessment with BRAVO

Abstract The Biomass Resource Assessment Version One (BRAVO) system is a computer-based decision support system to assist the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in estimating the costs for supplying wood fuel to any one of its 12 coal-fired power plants. The task of estimating wood fuel costs is particularly challenging due to the fact that wood fuel is not an established commodity. In contrast to conventional fossil fuels, geographic proximity to supply is a main determinant in the cost of wood fuel at a power plant. As a consequence, BRAVO is being developed within a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. The GIS platform allows for the efficient analysis of transportation networks so that accurate estimates of hauling distances and costs can be determined. The system is designed to estimate the total purchase and transportation costs of three types of wood fuel under various levels of demand. This comprehensive system includes information on all possible wood fuel supply points, demand points and product movement costs. With this information, the system can estimate the total cost to supply a particular power plant with a desired quantity of wood fuel and can be used to evaluate “what if?” scenarios related to supply. An analysis of nine TVA plants revealed significant variation in biomass fuel resources within the region. This result suggests that a plant-based approach to biomass resource assessment is crucial to determining the economic feasibility of co-firing.
Intrinsic description of 3-dimensional shock waves in nonlinear elastic fluids

Abstract The transport equations for the amplitude of 3-dimensional shock waves in nonlinear elastic fluids are examined. It is shown that, with the exception of the term which contains the mean curvature of the shock surface, the transport equations are almost identical to the transport equations for 1-dimensional nonlinear elastic solids if we replace the stress, strain and velocity in the latter by the pressure, specific volume and normal velocity, respectively. Therefore, the results obtained for 1-dimensional shock waves regarding whether the amplitudes of jump in stress, strain and velocity grow or decay simultaneously can be applied here to the jump in pressure, specific volume and normal velocity. New compatibility equations are obtained for the velocity gradients behind the shock wave. We also obtain a universal relation between the variations of amplitudes of jump in pressure, specific volume and normal velocity.
ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN CORONAL, MASS EJECTIONS AND THE SUN

We have investigated the magnetic connectivity of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to the Sun using Ulysses observations of suprathermal electrons at various distances between 1 and 5.2 AU. Drawing on ideas concerning the eruption and evolution of CMEs, we had anticipated that there might be a tendency for CMEs to contain progressively more open field lines, as reconnection back at the Sun either opened or completely disconnected previously closed field lines threading the CMEs. Our results, however, did not yield any discernible trend. By combining the potential contribution of CMEs to the heliospheric flux with the observed buildup of flux during the course of the solar cycle, we also derive a lower limit for the reconnection rate of CMEs that is sufficient to avoid the "flux catastrophe" paradox. This rate is well below our threshold of detectability. Subject headings: solar wind - Sun: activity - Sun: corona - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) - On-line material: color figure Sun: magnetic fields