cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Terahertz-frequency waveguide HEB mixers for spectral line astronomy

We report on the development of waveguide-based mixers for operation beyond 2 THz. The mixer element is a superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Because it is beyond the capability of conventional machining techniques to produce the fine structures required for the waveguide embedding circuit for use at such high frequencies, we employ two lithography-based approaches to produce the waveguide circuit: a metallic micro-plating process akin to 3-D printing and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) silicon micromachining. Various mixer configurations have been successfully produced using these approaches. A single-ended mixer produced by the metal plating technique has been demonstrated with a receiver noise temperature of 970 K (DSB) at a localoscillator frequency of 2.74 THz. A similar mixer, produced using a silicon-based micro-machining technique, has a noise temperature of 2000 K (DSB) at 2.56 THz. In another example, we have successfully produced a waveguide RF hybrid for operation at 2.74 THz. This is a key component in a balanced mixer, a configuration that efficiently utilizes local oscillator power, which is scarce at these frequencies. In addition to allowing us to extend the frequency of operation of waveguide-based receivers beyond 2 THz, these technologies we employ here are amenable to the production of large array receivers, where numerous copies of the same circuit, precisely the same and aligned to each other, are required.
Imaging of granulomatous neck masses in children

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is the most common cause of granulomatous inflammation in pediatric neck masses. Diagnosis relies upon culture, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, chest radiograph, purified protein derivative (PPD) test, and clinical features. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may provide valuable information in the work-up of children with cervical masses. We reviewed 11 CT and 5 MR studies of children with a clinical diagnosis of NTM infection. Specific findings included stranding of the subcutaneous fat, thickening and enhancement of the overlying skin, obliteration of the tissue palnes, and multichambered masses. One patient had calcifications within the mass. MR with contrast better demonstrated the soft tissues and is our recommended imaging modality, although CT is more likely to detect calcifications within the neck mass.
78-year-old man with nausea and chest pain.

A 78-year-old man presented with a constant, substernal, sharp, nonradiating chest pain of 6 hours' duration; he rated the pain's severity as 5 on a 10-point scale. He denied previous chest discomfort. His chest pain was preceded by 1 day of epigastric abdominal pain and episodes of nausea and nonbloody emesis. He described the epigastric pain as constant, sharp, and band-like, noting that it was exacerbated by food. Findings were otherwise unremarkable on a complete review of systems. Before this illness, he had exercised daily by jogging on a treadmill.
Combined live measles-rubella virus vaccine: Findings in clinical laboratory studies

Four lots of combined bivalent Moraten measles-HPV-77 duck embryo rubella vaccine were administered to a total of 375 children, 9 months to 8 years of age, who were initially without antibody against either virus. Over-all, 98.9 per cent of the children developed measles hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and 95.5 per cent developed hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against rubella virus. The geometric mean antibody titers against the two viruses were essentially the same in tests in children given the bivalent vaccine as in tests of the corresponding monovalent vaccines. The most important clinical reaction to the bivalent vaccine was mild fever in a portion of the children such as is expected following administration of Moraten measles vaccine alone. Joint involvement was notably absent during the 6 to 8 week follow-up. The combined measles-rubella vaccine provides a simple means for immunizing against both these diseases without impairment of the immune response and without significant increase in clinical reaction.
Disruption of diacylglycerol metabolism impairs the induction of T cell anergy

Anergic T cells have altered diacylglycerol metabolism, but whether that altered metabolism has a causative function in the induction of T cell anergy is not apparent. To test the importance of diacylglycerol metabolism in T cell anergy, we manipulated diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), which are enzymes that terminate diacylglycerol-dependent signaling. Overexpression of DGK-α resulted in a defect in T cell receptor signaling that is characteristic of anergy. We generated DGK-α-deficient mice and found that DGK-α-deficient T cells had more diacylglycerol-dependent T cell receptor signaling. In vivo anergy induction was impaired in DGK-α-deficient mice. When stimulated in anergy-producing conditions, T cells lacking DGK-α or DGK-ζ proliferated and produced interleukin 2. Pharmacological inhibition of DGK-α activity in DGK-ζ-deficient T cells that received an anergizing stimulus proliferated similarly to wild-type T cells that received CD28 costimulation and prevented anergy induction. Our findings suggest that regulation of diacylglycerol metabolism is critical in determining whether activation or anergy ensues after T cell receptor stimulation.
Structural brain correlates of emotional disorder in multiple sclerosis.

SUMMARY Eighty-seven patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were examined neurologically and administered the Mini-mental State examination (MMS) to asses cognitive disability at the beginning and end of a one-year study. A CT scan was performed in 37. A group of 16 patients with stable spinal cord injuries (SCI) were studied in a similar manner. Of the MS patients, 47% had a mean General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score in the abnormal range. This was a higher rate than in SCI patients (p = 0.004). Mean depression scores were similar in MS and SCI patients, but MS patients with brain involvement were more depressed than those with cord lesions only (p = 0.05). Depression score was unrelated to functional disability but was correlated with the degree of neurological impairment (p = 0.03). Euphoric patients were more likely to have brain involvement (P = 0.006), to have progressive MS (P < 0.0001), and to have enlarged ventricles (P = 0.04) and were more impaired cognitively (P = 0.04) than noneuphoric patients. These results suggest that depression in MS patients is partly determined by the presence of brain involvement, but that it is also an emotional reaction to the disorder Euphoria and cognitive disorder are reflections of brain involvement.
Compact wideband integrated active slot antenna amplifier

The design and performance of a linear tapered slot antenna integrated directly with a FET amplifier are presented. The measured radiation patterns of the antenna are linear with crosspolarisation levels of 13dB down in both the E and H plane. The measured gain of the antenna is more than 14 dB over a bandwidth of 1.75 GHz. Compared with a passive antenna, the active antenna has an extra gain of 7 dB at 9.2 GHz
Nucleon structure functions from high energy neutrino interactions

Structure functions obtained from high energy neutrino and antineutrino scattering from an iron target are presented. These were extracted from the combined data of Fermilab experiments E616 and E701; these utilized narrow band beam runs between 1979–1982. The structure functions are used to test the validity of quarkparton model (QPM) predictions and to extract the QCD scale parameter Λ from fits to the Altarelli-Parisi equations.
Interstadial proboscidean from south-central Alaska: Implications for biogeography, geology, and archeology

In 1980 a large proboscidean femur, probably Mammuthus sp., was found in situ in a bluff exposure at the mouth of the Tyone River in the northwestern part of the Copper River Basin, Alaska. The regional setting, stratigraphy, radiocarbon chronology, flora, and implications of the fossil locality, which represents the first documented occurrence of Pleistocene terrestrial mammalian fauna in southern Alaska, are described. Radiocarbon dates and stratigraphic relations at the site indicate that the sediments containing the fossil accumulated during the transition from interstadial to glacial conditions during terminal middle Wisconsin time. During this interval the immediate vicinity was unforested and large areas of south-central Alaska may have been available for faunal and possibly human habitation. This documented find, dated at 29,450 ± 610 14C yr B.P., extends the known range for Pleistocene mammals and possibly steppe-tundra conditions south-ward at least 150 km, and suggests that mountain passes through the Alaska Range to the north were ice free during the last part of the middle Wisconsin interstadial.
THE POSSIBILITY OF ESTIMATING RISK PREMIA IN ASSET PRICING MODELS

The authors show that estimates of risk premia on the market based on capital asset pricing models or arbitrage pricing theories can only be estimates of the ex post or sample risk premium on the market and cannot be interpreted as better estimates of the ex ante premium than those provided by sample averages of data. The ex ante premium drops out of the generating function for the returns used in the second-pass regressions. Although previous estimates of nonmarket premia have failed to take appropriate account of the population mean, that mean can in fact be estimated and appropriate adjustments made. Various approaches to estimating the ex ante risk premium and the population mean are discussed.
Chemically driven pulsed and continuous visible laser amplifiers and oscillators

CHEMICALLY DRIVEN PULSED AND CONTINUOUS VISIBLE LASER AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORSJ. L. Gole, J. R. Woodward, S. H. Cobb, K. K. Shen and J. R. DoughtyGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, U.S.A.ABSTRACTTwo approaches to visible chemical laser development are outlined. An extremelyefficient near resonant intermolecular energy transfer from selectively formed metas-table states of SiO and GeO to sodium atoms is used to form a sodium atom laseramplifier representing an extension of the outlined concept producing the firstvisible (535 rim) chemical laser amplifier and oscillator based on a thallium atomreceptor. We outline the thallium laser concept and the development of the sodiumbased energy transfer system for laser amplification and oscillation in thewavelength ranges 569 and 616 nm. In a second approach, we rely on the high crosssection (pumping efficiency) highly selective and exothermic sodium trimer-halogenatom reactions to produce continuous sodium dimer laser amplifiers. Optical gainthrough simulated emission is demonstrated in regions close to 527 (3.8% forindividual rovibronic level (a
Charge-Coupled Device Television Camera For Nasa's Galileo Mission To Jupiter

The slow-scan television camera being built for NASA's Galileo Jupiter Orbiter spacecraft consists of a 1500 mm focal-length telescope coupled to a camera head housing a newly developed 800 x 800 element charge-coupled device (CCD) detector based on "virtual-phase" charge transfer technology. This detector results in a broadband sensitivity over 100 times that of a comparable vidicon-tube camera while also yielding improved resolution, linearity, geometric fidelity, and spectral range. In the near-Jovian radiation belts, interactions of high-energy particles with the silicon CCD result in the production of unwanted charge, and special techniques have been implemented (e.g., tantalum and quartz shielding, rapid image readout, and 2 x 2 picture-element on-chip averaging) to ensure adequate signal-to-noise performance for images acquired as close to Jupiter as five planetary radii. The images returned from Galileo will provide high-resolution (approximately 1 km) mapping coverage of most of the surface of the four large Galilean satellites of Jupiter with coverage of selected targets at resolutions as good as about 20 m. The broad spectral range of the instrument (0.4 to 1.1 Am) and the use of special methane-absorption-band filters in the near-infrared will allow study of the Jovian atmospheric structure and dynamics. Excellent off-axis light rejection and high sensitivity of the instrument will permit study of low-light-level phenomena such as lightning and aurorae on Jupiter and the Jovian ring.
Neurobiology and the Therapeutic Action of Psychoanalytic Play Therapy with Children

This paper presents neurobiological aspects of the therapeutic action of psychoanalytic play therapy. The author contends that play integrates diverse modes of neural processing because of its inherently enactive and verbal nature. Admixtures of new and familiar self/other configurations emerge, simultaneously shaping and fostering integration of procedural and declarative modes of experience. Complex self-other configurations develop in play therapy because of its intrinsic integration of multiple experiential modes. The paper includes an illustration of play treatment with a boy who presented with a disorganized attachment pattern, an attendant deficit in affect regulation, and who manifested frank psychotic symptomatology.
π + p, K + p, and pp topological cross sections and inclusive interactions at 100 GeV using a hybrid bubble-chamber-spark-chamber system and a tagged beam

${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p$, ${K}^{+}p$, and $\mathrm{pp}$ interactions at 100 GeV are studied using the Fermilab hybrid 30-inch bubble chamber with associated downstream multiparticle spectrometer and an unseparated tagged positive beam. Topological cross sections and charged-particle-multiplicity moments are presented and good agreement is found with Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling. The charged-multiplicity second moment, ${f}_{2}^{\mathrm{cc}}$, and the second moment of produced (+ -) pairs, ${f}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$, are presented both with and without the diffractive-dissociation events, and are discussed in terms of the two-component model invoked to explain $\mathrm{pp}$ multiplicity distributions above 100 GeV. Single-particle inclusive distributions are presented and studied in terms of the Regge-Mueller forms of approach to scaling at asymptotic energies. Pomeron factorization is found to hold in the target-proton-associated backward center-of-mass hemisphere for inclusive particle production by incident ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${K}^{+}$, and protons.
Algebraic reflexivity of sets of bounded operators on vector valued Lipschitz functions

Abstract In this paper we establish algebraic reflexivity properties of subsets of bounded linear operators acting on spaces of vector valued Lipschitz functions. We also derive a representation for the generalized bi-circular projections on these spaces.
Simulation of the HIV-1 Vpu transmembrane domain as a pentameric bundle

The transmembrane domain of oligomeric protein Vpu encoded by HIV-1 has been studied by means of a molecular dynamics simulation. A pentameric bundle of unconstrained helices (residues 6-28 of Vpu) with a water filled pore was initially assembled in a membrane mimetic octane/water system. This system was simulated, using the CHARMm19 and OPLS united atom force fields with no constraints at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 1 atm. For these forcefields and the initial conditions tested, the oligomeric bundle expelled most of the pore water molecules. The resulting bundle and residual waters adopt a conical structural motif with some resemblance to a potassium channel.
Developmental analysis of two mutations affecting chemotatic behavior inDrosophila melanogaster

Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster, gusA Q 1 , a cold-sensitive mutation, affects the behavior of larvae and adults tested with quinine sulfate. The temperature-sensitive period of gusA Q 1 occurs during embryogenesis. Another cold-sensitive mutation, gusE N 13 , alters the response of adults to quinine sulfate without affecting larval behavior. The temperature-sensitive period of this mutation is during the third larval instar.
A comparison of esomeprazole and lansoprazole for control of intragastric pH in patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Summary Background: Intragastric acid suppression is the most direct measure of the pharmacodynamic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors, which are the most effective drugs for acid-related diseases. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of once and twice daily dosing of lansoprazole and esomeprazole in controlling intragastric acidity (target gastric pH > 4.0) over a 24-hour period. Methods: In an open-label, two-way crossover study, 45 Helicobacter pylori-negative patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were randomized to receive one of two regimens: 30 mg lansoprazole or esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. Intragastric pH was assessed by 24-hour pH monitoring on day 5 of each regimen. Dosing was increased to twice daily and pH was reassessed on day 10. Following a 14-day washout, patients were crossed over to the other medication and the dosage regimens and pH assessments were repeated. Results: Data were analysed from 35 patients who completed all scheduled assessments and had 24-hour monitoring for each end-point. Mean time pH > 4.0 and mean 24-hour pH were highest for esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily, followed by lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, esomeprazole 40 mg once daily and lansoprazole 30 mg once daily. Esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily provided superior control of intragastric pH compared with either once or twice daily dosing of lansoprazole and once daily dosing of esomeprazole (P < 0.01). Esomeprazole 40 mg once daily was comparable with lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily and both were superior to lansoprazole 30 mg once daily (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Response to acid suppression treatment depends on the treatment selected. Esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily provided better control of intragastric pH than all other regimens evaluated. Esomeprazole 40 mg daily, however, was comparable with lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily and superior to lansoprazole 30 mg once daily.
Biosynthesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer pheromone

To sense its population density and to trigger entry into the stress-resistant dauer larval stage, Caenorhabditis elegans uses the dauer pheromone, which consists of ascaroside derivatives with short, fatty acid-like side chains. Although the dauer pheromone has been studied for 25 years, its biosynthesis is completely uncharacterized. The daf-22 mutant is the only known mutant defective in dauer pheromone production. Here, we show that daf-22 encodes a homolog of human sterol carrier protein SCPx, which catalyzes the final step in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. We also show that dhs-28, which encodes a homolog of the human d-bifunctional protein that acts just upstream of SCPx, is also required for pheromone production. Long-term daf-22 and dhs-28 cultures develop dauer-inducing activity by accumulating less active, long-chain fatty acid ascaroside derivatives. Thus, daf-22 and dhs-28 are required for the biosynthesis of the short-chain fatty acid-derived side chains of the dauer pheromone and link dauer pheromone production to metabolic state.
Oligopeptides that specifically inhibit membrane fusion by paramyxoviruses: studies on the site of action

Previous studies from this laboratory showed that oligopeptides with amino acid sequences similar to the sequence of the N-terminal region of the F1 polypeptide of paramyxoviruses inhibited the membrane fusing activity of the F protein, and thereby inhibited virus infectivity at the level of penetration and virus-induced cell fusion and hemolysis. The site of action of these oligopeptide inhibitors has been investigated. Radioactively labeled oligopeptides were found to bind to cells, but not to virus. Pretreatment of cells, but not virus, at 4 degrees with oligopeptides inhibited the initiation of infection and hemolysis induced by measles virus. The binding of the oligopeptides to cells was reversible at 25 or 37 degrees. Oligopeptides were synthesized with a chloromethylketone group to enable them to bind irreversibly, or with an azido group to permit them to be cross-linked in situ by photoactivation. The results with these derivatized oligopeptides, which retained their inhibitory activity, confirmed that they bind to, and express their inhibitory activity on, cells and not virus. The results suggest that the oligopeptides react with receptor sites on the cell membrane and inhibit membrane-fusing activity by competing with the F1 polypeptide for such sites. A Scatchard analysis of the binding of an oligopeptide to CV-1 cells revealed that it bound with a dissociation constant of 1.2 X 10(-7) M and that there were approximately 3.0 X 10(6) binding sites per cell.
ULTRAFILTRATION OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS.

From the ultrafiltration analysis the size of the virus of human poliomyelitis has been estimated to be somewhere between 12 and 17 mµ. Technical difficulties encountered and the low concentration of the virus make it seem possible that the virus is even smaller.
Video transmission over Cognitive Radio networks

Distributed Video Coding (DVC) techniques utilize source statistics and dependencies among video frames in either spatial or time domain to compress the video and improve the error resilience. DVC promises great potentials for wireless video applications due to its advantages of using simple encoders. However, transmitting large size video stream consumes much network resource and still remains a challenging problem in terms of the resource efficiency. Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR) networks have been investigated to improve the bandwidth utilization through efficient channel allocations. Joint design of DVC and resource allocation in CR networks can provide a better solution to improve both resource efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) performance of video transmissions. In this paper, we propose an efficient joint design scheme in which the interdependencies between cognitive radio resource management and the application-level characteristics of video traffic are jointly considered. Our studies show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve video transmission performance over CR networks.
Low Level Alpha Counting with Solid State Detectors

Two instruments are described that utilize the high discrimination of solid state alpha detectors against beta and gamma radiation. An alpha particle survey meter was developed with a 6 cm/sup 2/ sensitive area. It will detect alpha particles in the presence of a 50 r/hr gamma ray field. A low level alpha counter was built with a background of less than 0.00l count per minute. It is useful for measurement of alpha emission from bio-assay samples. (auth)
Stationary phase approximation approach to the quasiparticle interference on the surface of a strong topological insulator

Topological insulators have surface states with unique spin-orbit coupling. With impurities on the surface, the quasiparticle interference pattern is an effective way to reveal the topological nature of the surface states, which can be probed by scanning tunneling microscopy. In this paper, we present a general analytic formulation of the local density of states using the stationary phase approximation. The power laws of Friedel oscillations are discussed for a constant energy contour with a generic shape. In particular, we predict unique signature of magnetic impurities in comparison with nonmagnetic impurities for a surface state trapped in a ``magnetic wall.''
Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) : 2. Preliminary analysis of subspecies within B. rapa (syn. campestris) and B. oleracea.

Preliminary analysis using nuclear RFLPs provided evidence that subspecies within Brassica rapa originated from two different centers. One center is in Europe, represented by turnip and turnip rape from which the oilseed sarson was derived. A second center is in South China containing a variety of Chinese vegetables of which pak choi and narinosa seem to be the most ancient forms. Based on RFLP data, the accessions of B. oleracea examined could be divided into three distinct groups, represented by thousand head kale, broccoli and cabbage. Thousand head kale and Chinese kale appear to be the primitive types. Observations of parallel variation among subspecies of both species are discussed.
Surface properties of commercial polymer films following various gas plasma treatments

Surface properties of a number of commercial thermoplastic polymer films were investigated before and after brief exposures to RF induced, low temperature gas plasmas. Water wettability and adhesion of vapor deposited aluminum to thin films (8–12 micron) of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polysulfone, polycarbonate, and polyvinylidene fluoride films were studied before and after treatments with oxygen, 96% CF4/4% O2, and helium plasmas. Treatment with oxygen plasmas showed the greatest change in water wettability for polyvinylidene fluoride and polypropylene films, while treatment with 96% CF4/4% O2 showed dramatic changes in wettability of polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polystyrene. Excellent adhesion of aluminium was found for polymers that had been previously exposed to gas plasmas.
Lower esophageal sphincter function in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Esophageal manometry was performed in 18 infants between 29 and 105 days of age with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Continuous 24-h esophageal pH monitoring was also carried out in 9 cases before and after pyloromyotomy in order to study lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). The mean preoperative pressure and length of the LES in IHPS were 9.30 mmHg and 1.30 cm respectively, which were significantly lower and shorter than those in controls (P <0.01), and gastroesophageal reflux was highly significant. The esophageal manometric studies showed that LES pressure increased markedly on the 7th postoperative day to 12.58 ± 2.56 mmHg and returned to normal values within 2 to 11 months after operation. The pH monitoring indicated that in most cases reflux had disappeared on the 7th postoperative day and the reflux parameter decreased from 8.34% to 3.34%. Our data suggest that most cases of IHPS (12/18) were accompanied by LES incompetence, but LES competence as a pressure barrier at the gastroesophageal junction became normal after operation.
Massively parallel processing: it's déjà vu all over again

In this paper we will identify those aspects of the concurrent computing landscape that have changed since the 1980's and how those changes might impact the efficacy of parallel computing as we move from single- to multi- to many- and to massive numbers of processing cores.
ADDITION OF N-METHYLTRIAZOLINEDIONE TO BIADAMANTYLIDENE

The addition of N-methyltriazolinedione (M) to biadamantylidene (A) gives the [2+2] adduct P, but clearly does not proceed in one step beause an aminoaziridinium intermediate (I) can be observed to build up during the reaction. The overall rate of P formation correlates with the amount of I that builds up, but not with any solvent polarity parameter, despite the fact that charge-separated intermediates are involved. NMR experiments established that the equilibrium constant for I formation is >1000 M−1 in CDCl3, ≥500 M−1 in CD2Cl2 and in the range ca 2–15 M−1 for C6D6 and C6D5Br. It is very unlikely that I is directly on the reaction pathway between M+A and P, and it is proposed that the zwitterionic intermediate with one CN bond, X, is the probable precursor of both I and P, although X does not build up in concentration enough to be observed. CH hydrogen bonding stabilizing both X and I in chloroform is suggested as a possible rationalization for the correlation between overall rate of P formation and stability of I relative to the starting materials. Formation of P in benzene is catalyzed by Meldrum's acid. M unfortunately reacts too rapidly with compounds containing OH bonds to study formation of P in the presence of strong hydrogen bonding reagents. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursive approach to optimal control problem of multiarea electric energy system

A recursive fixed-point-type method is presented to find the optimal control of a state-variable model of the megawatt-frequency control problem of multiarea electric energy systems. The results give the numerical decomposition so that only low-order systems are involved in algebraic computations. This approach is conceptually simple and produces considerable savings of computation.
Magnetic phase diagram of ultrathin Fe/Ag(100) films near the reorientation phase transition

Abstract The magnetic properties and the magnetic phase diagram of ultrathin Fe films are investigated in the vicinity of the reorientation phase transition (RPT), where the easy axis of magnetization changes from out-of-plane to in-plane orientation. The occurring stripe domain structure is represented by a 5 parameter model, which allows us to describe the response of the domain structure to an external magnetic field H. Specifically, we calculate the phase diagram, the magnetization, as well as susceptibility versus H , and compare them to our experimental results for Fe/Ag(100) films.
Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering characterization of diesel/gasoline soot: sizes and particle-packing conditions

Regulations on particulate emissions from internal combustion engines tend to become more stringent, accordingly the importance of particulate filters in the after-treatment system has been increasing. In this work, the applicability of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) to diesel soot cake and gasoline soot was investigated. Gasoline-direct-injection engine soot was collected at different fuel injection timings. The unified fits method was applied to analyze the resultant scattering curves. The validity of analysis was supported by comparing with carbon black and taking the sample images using a transmission electron microscope, which revealed that the primary particle size ranged from 20 to 55 nm. In addition, the effects of particle-packing conditions on the USAXS measurement were demonstrated by using samples suspended in acetone. Then, the investigation was extended to characterization of diesel soot cake deposited on a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Diesel soot was trapped on a small piece of DPF at different deposition conditions which were specified using the Peclet number. The dependence of scattering curve on soot-deposition conditions was demonstrated. To support the interpretation of the USAXS results, soot cake samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope and the influence of particle-packing conditions on scattering curve was discussed.
Comparison of body fatness measurements by BMI and skinfolds vs dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

To compare estimates of adiposity by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfolds and body mass index (BMI); and to evaluate the relation of these measures to cardiovascular risk in adolescents. In a cohort of adolescents participating in a longitudinal study of insulin resistance, Slaughter formulas were used to estimate adiposity from skinfolds and DXA was used to estimate adiposity as % body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FBM). BMI, blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance were measured. Male and female, 11–17 y old (n=130). To compare DXA with two office-based methods of assessing fatness and cardiovascular risk. Slaughter estimates were highly correlated with DXA (%BF r=0.92, P=0.0001; FBM r=0.96, P=0.0001). Correlations were similar in heavy and thin children. BMI was also highly correlated with DXA (%BF r=0.85, P=0.0001; FBM r=0.95, P=0.0001), and these relations were stronger in heavy than thin children. BMI and the Slaughter formulas were similar to DXA in their relations to cardiovascular risk factors. Adiposity by BMI and Slaughter formulas are highly correlated with DXA and similarly related to cardiovascular risk factors. BMI is easy to obtain and is an acceptable method for initial office estimation of body fatness. BMI and skinfolds compare well with DXA in predicting adverse cardiovascular risk profile.
Skeleton PIC Codes for Parallel Computers

Simple Skeleton Particle-in-Cell codes designed for massively parallel computers are described.
Nonlinear dynamics of thin film polyvinylidene fluoride cantilevers

Design and development of electro-active polymeric devices for sensing and actuation requires accurate characterization of its nonlinear dynamic behavior and performance characteristics. Thin film cantilevers are being applied for numerous sensor and actuator applications. A nonlinear model of a piezoelectric thin plate cantilever is developed in this work using a two-mode approximation developed by Galerkin's method. This reduced order model is then studied using perturbation method for the nonlinear dynamic response due to a harmonic excitation. The results obtained demonstrate the nonlinear nature of the dynamic behavior of thin plates made of polymer polyvinylidene fluoride. The exhibited nonlinear behavior includes parameter dependent amplitude modulation, nonlinear jump and nonlinear dependence on excitation frequency and excitation amplitude. This study is a step forward in understanding the associated dynamics so as to utilize these geometries in various transducer applications.
Double-spot formation in the thin-layer chromatography of pure fenfluramine hydrochloride and some other amines in the presence of organic solvents.

Abstract From a number of solutions of fenfluramine hydrochloride in (a) ethanol or (b) chloroform, chromatographed on thin layers of silica gel or alumina, using the solvent systems chloroform-methanol (1:1), methanol-acetone (1:1) and chloroform-ethanol (4:1), two spots were produced, whereas solutions in water gave only one spot. This phenomenon did not occur when the sulfate salts of the amines were used. Similar results were obtained with amphetamine and ethylamphetamine hydrochlorides. The material extracted from the faster moving spots as fenfluramine. Partial and complete hydrolysis, depending on the ionic strength of the acid, were factors leading to the formation of double spots (ethanolic solutions) and single spot (aqueous solutions) of the amine hydrochlorides.
Accelerating e-commerce sites in the cloud

E-commerce web sites typically have large fluctuations in their IT resource usage, while rapid elasticity is an essential characteristic of cloud computing. These characteristics make the cloud a good fit for hosting e-commerce web sites. Cloud providers deploy their cloud in their data centers. However, cloud providers usually have a limited number of data center locations around the world. Thus, e-commerce web sites in the cloud may be far away from their customers. Long client-perceived response latency may cause e-commerce web sites to lose business. To solve this problem, we propose a virtual proxy solution to reduce the response latency of the e-commerce site in the cloud. In our approach, a virtual proxy platform is designed to cache applications and data of e-commerce sites. A k-means based table partitioning algorithm is designed to select frequently used data from the database in the cloud. We have used an industrial e-commerce benchmark TPC-W to evaluate the performance of our approach. The experimental results show that our approach can significantly reduce the client-perceived response time.
Growth and characterization of transparent Pb(Zi,Ti)O3 capacitor on glass substrate

(Pb)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) films were fabricated on LaNiO3 (LNO)/In2O3 90%SnO210% (ITO) layered transparent electrodes on glass substrates using chemical solution deposition. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of semitransparent Pd/PZT/LNO/ITO and transparent ITO/LNO/PZT/LNO/ITO capacitors fabricated on glass substrates were studied. X-ray diffraction revealed an improved crystalline structure of PZT on ITO-buffered glass substrates by interposing a LNO layer between PZT and ITO. Atomic force microscopy showed a smoother surface topography for the LNO/ITO layered electrode on glass, as compared to that of the single ITO layer on glass. The remnant polarization (Pr) of the Pd/PZT/LNO/ITO/glass capacitors and transparent ITO/LNO/PZT/LNO/ITO/glass capacitors was estimated from P-E hysteresis loops. The Pd/PZT/LNO/ITO capacitors on glass revealed significant improvement in the Pr as compared to PZT film based capacitors with ITO electrodes only. Excellent optical transmittance was observed for...
Pairwise shared genomic segment analysis in three Utah high-risk breast cancer pedigrees.

We applied a new weighted pairwise shared genomic segment (pSGS) analysis for susceptibility gene localization to high-density genomewide SNP data in three extended high-risk breast cancer pedigrees. Using this method, four genomewide suggestive regions were identified on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 8, and a borderline suggestive region on chromosome 14. Seven additional regions with at least nominal evidence were observed. Of particular note among these total twelve regions were three regions that were identified in two pedigrees each; chromosomes 4, 7 and 14. Follow-up two-pedigree pSGS analyses further indicated excessive genomic sharing across the pedigrees in all three regions, suggesting that the underlying susceptibility alleles in those regions may be shared in common. In general, the pSGS regions identified were quite large (average 32.2 Mb), however, the range was wide (0.3 – 88.2 Mb). Several of the regions identified overlapped with loci and genes that have been previously implicated in breast cancer risk, including NBS1, BRCA1 and RAD51L1. Our analyses have provided several loci of interest to pursue in these high-risk pedigrees and illustrate the utility of the weighted pSGS method and extended pedigrees for gene mapping in complex diseases. A focused sequencing effort across these loci in the sharing individuals is the natural next step to further map the critical underlying susceptibility variants in these regions.
Keeping it real: reality and representation in Maasai Hip-Hop

The article examines images and discourses produced by and circulating around X Plastaz, an internationally-successful Tanzanian hip-hop crew with one Maasai member which draws heavily on Maasai imagery in its publicity materials and performances, and uses Maasai chanting in its music. The analysis demonstrates that the interplay between local and international success is at the centre of the images the crew projects. By examining the different ways the crew and its foreign manager address local and international audiences, and play on these diverse audiences' expectations of what it means to be Maasai, Tanzanian and African, on the one hand, and to be internationally successful, on the other, we can better understand the tropes of African traditionalism, authenticity and hybridity they employ.
Practical considerations in providing psychological services to sports mdicine clinic patientsz

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine some of the practical and operational factors that sport psychologists should consider when seeking to provide psychological services within private sports medicine clinics. In particular, four main areas are examined: (a) the make-up of the injured athlete client pool. (b) strategies to gain entry into sports medicine clinics, (c) types of service contracts and reimbursement policies, and (d) potential areas of conflict and misunderstanding.
EXAMINING EMOTION AS DISCOURSE: Emotion Codes and Presidential Speeches Justifying War

Observers commonly argue that emotional appeal is critical for persuasive communication in mass media, science and social policy hearings, social problem advocacy, and politics. This raises a pract...
Objectivity versus political and moral commitment? For science and partisanship in criminology

Though this essay has been concerned with the possibility of value-neutral inquiry in criminology, its central purpose has been much broader. It has been argued, controversially, that not only is it impossible to sustain the fact/value distinction in social science, but that such a finding does not commit us to a science that is merely ideologically contingent relativism. In this view, it is possible (and necessary) to conceive of a social scientific enterprise that can apprehend an objective material reality that exists independent of our consciousness of it without succumbing to the pretense of value-neutrality. Because the argument that has been made here is a quite unusual one, it cannot hope to claim finality for its findings. However, if it begins the process of provoking debate and discussion on these issues, it will have accomplished its purpose.
The inhibition of DNA repair capacity by stilbene estrogen in Leydig cells: its implications in the induction of instability in the testicular genome.

Abstract In this study, we examined the effect of stilbene estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), on the DNA repair capacity of mouse Leydig cells using the host cell reactivation assay. Cells transfected with UV-damaged plasmids, undamaged plasmids, or no plasmids (sham treatment) were grown in serum, serum-free, or DES plus serum-free medium. The serum-grown cells which have a shorter cell cycle time (16 h) showed a 40% decrease in DNA repair capacity when compared to serum-free cells with a longer cell cycle time (25 h). A significant decrease in the DNA repair capacity of the Leydig cells exposed to DES was observed compared to untreated cells grown in a serum-free environment (P
Th17 differentiation is the default program for DPP2-deficient T-cell differentiation

Dipeptidyl peptidase 2 (DPP2) is an N-terminal dipeptidase, required for maintaining lymphocytes in a resting state. Mutant mice with T-cell-specific knock-down (kd) of DPP2 (lck-DPP2 kd) were generated and analyzed for their phenotype. Normal thymocyte development and a modest increase in the proportions of peripheral T cells were observed in these mice compared with littermate controls. Interestingly, the peripheral T cells were hyperactive upon TCR stimulation in vitro, although they did not express any activation markers. Furthermore, CD3-crosslinking in the naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of lck-DPP2 kd mice resulted mainly in IL-17 production. Similarly, the mutant T cells secreted primarily IL-17 after in vivo priming and in vitro antigen-specific restimulation. These data suggest that IL-17 production is the default program for T-cell differentiation in the absence of DPP2. Thus, DPP2 seems to impose a threshold for quiescent T cells, preventing them from drifting into cell cycle.
NOS-like immunoreactive neurons express GABA-like immunoreactivity in rabbit and rat retinae

In rabbit and rat retinae, wholemounted preparations and 40 μm thick vibratome sections were processed for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and consecutive semithin sections were immunostained with anti-NOS and anti-GABA antisera, respectively. Two types of NOS-labelled amacrine cells were identified: type 1 cells with larger somata were intensely stained, and type 2 cells with smaller somata were weakly stained. A few displaced amacrine cells also showed NOS-like immunoreactivity. All these NOS-like immunoreactive neurons also expressed GABA-like immunoreactivity. Thus, nitric-oxide-containing neurons might constitute a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in rabbit and rat retinae.
A Linear Homogeneous Model of Wind-Driven Circulation in a β-Plane Channel

Abstract An analytical solution is sought for a wind-driven circulation in the inviscid limit in a linear barotropic channel model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Ocean in the presence of a bottom ridge. There is a critical height of the ridge, above which all geostrophic contours in the channel are blocked. In the subcritical case, the Sverdrup balance does not apply and there is no solution in the inviscid limit. In the supercritical case, however, the Sverdrup balance applies and an explicit form for the zonal transport in the channel is obtained. In the case with a uniform wind stress, the transport in the β-plane channel is independent of the width of the ridge, linearly proportional to the wind stress and the length of the channel, while inversely linearly proportional to the ridge height. In the f plane with β = 0, the transport is even independent of the width of the channel. In the case with a nonuniform wind stress τx = τ0(1-−cosπy/D), the Sverdrup flow driven by the vorticity input always induces ...
BTI/Army Pulse Power Module

The BTI/Army Pulse Power Module (PPM) is a self-contained, rep-rated, mobile power supply designed to drive a large-caliber electric gun. The PPM consists of four 2.125 MJ capacitive pulse forming network modules, powered by quasi-bipolar batteries, driven through a 1.2 MW DC-DC power converter. The flexible PPM design required the development of new components, as well as extending the state of the art in existing components, in order to minimize weight and volume. A system level review of the BTI/Army Pulse Power Module is presented. >
The evolution of habitat preference II. Evolutionary genetic stability under soft selection

Abstract A previous analysis of a single-locus, two-allele model of the evolution of habitat selection revealed that preference evolves toward equalization of parental investment in offspring placed in two different habitats in which population size is regulated independently (soft selection). That analysis is extended here to the case of a single locus with multiple alleles. The major result of this analysis is that regardless of how many alleles are present at equilibrium, new alleles will invade if and only if they tend to make parental investment in the two habitats more equal. In other words, the population evolves toward an Evolutionary Stable State (ESS) characterized by equalization of parental investment. The model may explain the maintenance of genetic variation for host (habitat) preference exhibited by many insect species.
The influence of age on symptoms of perimenopause.

Objective To identify differences in the occurrence and severity of symptoms related to perimenopause in women ages 30 to 50 and to determine which of the symptoms were recognized as due to perimenopause and discussed with a health care professional. Design Descriptive exploratory research design using a structured questionnaire. Participants A sample of women ( N = 418) employed in institutions of higher learning and a health care facility. Main Outcome Measures The Menopause Symptom List was a 132‐question survey used to identify occurrence and severity of symptoms in perimenopausal women, their recognition of the symptoms, and their level of discussion with a health care professional regarding the symptoms. One‐way analysis of variance measures were applied to determine the differences between age groups and perimenopausal symptomology. Results For both the measurement scales of frequency and severity of perimenopausal symptoms, the mean score increased as age increased. Significant differences were found between the age groups for the number of occurrences of sleeplessness, moodiness ( p p p p Conclusions Although the vasosomatic symptom of headache ranked first for severity, the most frequently reported symptoms were psychological or general somatic in nature. Despite a proliferation of health education materials, the subjects in this study did not recognize many symptoms of perimenopause. The results of this study suggest that education and anticipatory guidance for perimenopausal women should begin with women in their 30s. With many symptoms occurring as early as age 35, recognition of symptoms can greatly reduce the discomfort and fears that women experience during the perimenopausal transition.
Statistical similarity as a unifying concept of the theories of coherence and polarization of light

It is shown that the concept of statistical similarity of light vibrations introduced in recent years provides a new insight into the physical meaning of coherence and of polarization of light and reveals a close analogy between the two phenomena.