cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypnotic Dream Utilization in Hypnotherapy

Abstract This paper proposes the use of partially guided hypnotic dreams in hypnotherapy as a bridge to foster new exploration and problem solving. Two clinical examples are presented to illustrate the technique. Responsiveness to the hypnotic dream suggestion given to sixteen patients is reported. The author concludes that the hypnotic dream is a useful tool in hypnotherapy and can be used routinely when problem solving is indicated.
Gating-dependent mechanism of 4-aminopyridine block in two related potassium channels

4-aminopyridine (4AP) is widely used as a selective blocker of voltage-activated K+ currents in excitable membranes, but its mechanism and site of action at the molecular level are not well understood. To address this problem we have analyzed 4AP block in Kv2.1 and Kv3.1, mammalian representatives of the Drosophila Shab and Shaw subfamilies of voltage-gated K+ channels, respectively. The two channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and analyzed at both the macroscopic and single channel levels. Whole cell analysis showed that 4AP sensitivity of Kv3.1 was approximately 150 times greater than that of Kv2.1. Patch clamp analysis revealed that the mechanism of 4AP block in both channels was qualitatively similar. 4AP reached its blocking site via the cytoplasmic side of the channels, the ON rate for block was strongly accelerated when channels opened and the drug was trapped in closed channels. Single channel analysis showed that 4AP decreased burst duration and increased the latency-to-first-opening. These effects were found to be related, respectively to drug ON and OFF rates in the activated channel. Kv3.1's high 4AP sensitivity relative to Kv2.1 was associated with both a slower OFF rate and therefore increased stability of the blocked state, as well as a faster ON rate and therefore increased access to the binding site. Our results indicate that in both channels 4AP enters the intracellular mouth to bind to a site that is guarded by the gating mechanism. Differences in channel gating as well as differences in the structure of the intracellular mouth may be important for specifying the 4AP sensitivity in related voltage-gated K+ channels.
Establishment of N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) Analogue-Resistant Cell Lines as Improved Hosts for Sialic Acid Engineering Applications

Metabolic substrate-based sialic acid engineering techniques, where exogenously supplied N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogues are utilized by the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway, allow the cell surface to be endowed with novel physical and chemical properties and show promise for increasing the quality of recombinant glycoproteins. The in vitro toxicity of many ManNAc analogues, however, hinders the large-scale adoption of this technology. In this study, we used a selection strategy where cells were subjected to progressively higher levels of ManNAc analogues to establish novel cell lines that showed decreased sensitivity to analogue-induced in vitro toxicity. The decreased sensitivity to sugar analogue-induced apoptosis, demonstrated by the Annexin V-FITC detection method and DNA fragmentation assays, corresponded to increased sialic acid production in the resistant cell lines. The ManNAc analogue-resistant cell lines exhibited cross-resistance to apoptosis induced by staurosporine and an apoptosis-activating Fas antibody. We propose that the selection strategy employed to develop these novel cell lines, which serve as superior hosts for substrate-based sialic acid engineering applications, will generally apply to the development of host cell lines for biotechnology applications.
Modifications to the copper strip corrosion test for the measurement of sulfur-related corrosion

The copper strip corrosion test (CSCT) is used to measure the corrosivity of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon fluids. The CSCT is performed by immersing a strip of cleaned, polished copper in a hydr...
The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America

ABSTRACT Native and exotic siricid wasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) can be ecologically and/or economically important woodboring insects in forests worldwide. In particular, Sirex noctilio (F.), a Eurasian species that recently has been introduced to North America, has caused pine tree (Pinus spp.) mortality in its non-native range in the southern hemisphere. Native siricid wasps are known to have a rich complex of hymenopteran parasitoids that may provide some biological control pressure on S. noctilio as it continues to expand its range in North America. We reviewed ecological information about the hymenopteran parasitoids of siricids in North America north of Mexico, including their distribution, life cycle, seasonal phenology, and impacts on native siricid hosts with some potential efficacy as biological control agents for S. noctilio. Literature review indicated that in the hymenopteran families Stephanidae, Ibaliidae, and Ichneumonidae, there are five genera and 26 species and subspecies of native par...
Electronic structure of a beryllium half‐sandwich complex, Be(η5‐C5H5)

Ab initio electron propagator calculations on the electron affinities of the complex cation and electron detachment energies of the corresponding anion have been performed at the optimized geometry of the ground state of the neutral species. These results, obtained with a basis set that includes many diffuse and polarization functions, provide the relative energies of doublet states of . In the former set of calculations, energy differences between the 2A1 ground-state and various excited doublet states are associated with promotion of an unpaired electron from the 6a1 molecular orbital that consists chiefly of s functions on the Be nucleus to higher Be-centered molecular orbitals that exhibit various patterns of interference between s, p, and d functions. Differences between electron detachment energies of the anion provide the energy separation between the radical's ground state and an excited state in which an electron is promoted from ligand-centered π orbitals to 6a1. Dyson orbitals and pole strengths corresponding to correlated electron binding energies calculated with various diagonal self-energy approximations confirm these qualitative pictures of the electronic structure of the lowest states of . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Additional Construct Validity Evidence for the Harder Personal Feelings Questionnaire Measure of Shame and Guilt Proneness

The present study was done to provide additional evidence for the construct validity of the Harder Personal Feelings Questionnaire, a measure of shame and guilt proneness. Two samples of university...
Consecutive triples of sums of two squares

Majoration du nombre de triplets consecutifs n, n + 1, n + 2 de sommes de deux carres (i.e. tels que n ≤ x et que chacun des entiers soit une somme de deux carres) a l'aide d'une application elementaire du crible de Selberg. Presentation de quelques constructions explicites
Design solutions for preventing process induced ESD damage during manufacturing of interconnects

ESD problems are commonly thought to be an electrostatic discharge event through the device pins. All known models like HBM, MM, CDM are based on this assumption. During assembly discharge into devices, directly into the surface is also well known. Pad – related, ESD protective structures are useless against this ESD-surface-discharge-path, called ESDFOS [1]. Little is known however on the impact of simple wafer cleaning/spraying as used frequently during the wafer manufacturing itself. In many cases these processes do include high risks of generating electrostatic charge; subsequent discharge into devices and can easily induce ESD-like events internally in the interconnect circuitry of a device. In this paper, charging induced damage (CID) into common metal interconnect is reported. The damage is caused by the build up of charges on a resist surface during a water rinsing step. This charging is inducing a mirror charge on the interconnect circuitry and results in a discharge through the inter metal dielectric layer (IMD) towards a grounded structure. This CID can lead to direct severe yield loss. In milder cases the damage is difficult to detect but is proven to result in reliability issues. The charging has been detected, measured and evaluated with the help of a non contact surface potential measurement. The phenomena has been characterized and quantified. This paper is describing the occurrence of the failures, the design of the test structures, the measurement results. This work is concluding on how a design can be made safe from ESDFOS during processing by applying the popper layout rules.
Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Occurrence During Surveillance Colonoscopy in the Dietary Polyp Prevention Trial

Background Interval colorectal cancer (CRC) occasionally is detected in patients who have recently undergone colonoscopy. Systematic evaluation of CRC detected after colonoscopy could identify ways to improve the quality and the outcome of colonoscopy. Methods This study examined cancer diagnoses in the course of the dietary Polyp Prevention Trial, a randomized study of a dietary intervention on recurrence of adenomatous polyps. An algorithm was developed to classify each cancer into one of 4 etiologies: (1) incomplete removal (cancer at the site of previous adenoma), (2) failed biopsy detection (cancer in an area of suspected neoplasia with negative biopsy specimens), (3) missed cancer (large, advanced stage cancer found at a short interval after colonoscopy), or (4) new cancer (small, early stage cancer after a longer time interval). Results Of 2079 patients, 13 had cancer detected over 5810 person years of observation (PYO) (2.2 cases/1000 PYO); 7/13 or 53.8% of patients had either a potentially "avoidable" cancer or one detectable at an earlier time interval because of incomplete removal (4/13) or missed cancer (3/13). Conclusions Interval cancer occurs despite colonoscopy. Improved quality of colonoscopy may have reduced cancer prevalence or resulted in earlier cancer detection in over 50% of prevalent cancers in the dietary Polyp Prevention Trial.
Bulimia in the late nineteenth century: The observations of Pierre Janet.

In 1903 Pierre Janet published perhaps the first detailed descriptions of patients with bulimia. Janet's observations, although anecdotal, are consistent with modern studies suggesting an association between bulimia and major affective disorder and between bulimia and anxiety disorders. Janet's writings also support the belief that bulimia is more prevalent today than a century ago.
2C60·3CS2: orientational ordering accompanies the reversible phase transition at 168 K

At 168 K crystals of 2C60·3CS2 undergo a reversible phase transition (from orthorhombic to monoclinic), which is accompanied by orientational ordering of both C60 molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Low-dose in utero effects of xenoestrogens in mice and their relevance to humans: an analytical review of the literature.

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that mouse embryos are sensitive to naturally-occurring and environmental estrogens. These include prostatic enlargement post-partum in male fetuses exposed in utero to low doses of estradiol, diethylstilbestrol (DES) or bisphenol A (BPA). The NIEHS/EPA Endocrine Disruptors Low Dose Peer Review Panel evaluated the relevant studies and concluded that while credible evidence exists for low dose effects of BPA, the effect had not been established as a “general and reproducible finding” based on the number and power of negative studies. The Panel suggested that the discrepancies in data were attributed to conditions, such as intrauterine position, environmental factors, and genetic factors. An issue that is potentially relevant to the health implications of low-dose xenoestrogen exposure in utero, and not previously addressed, is the comparative physiology of gestation in the mouse and human. These two species differ with regard to the extent of involvement and hormonal control of the corpus luteum, organs involved in progestin and estrogen secretion, the specific estrogens produced, and estrogen blood levels attained in the mother and embryo. On the basis of these species differences (particularly, the markedly higher estrogen levels attained in human pregnancy compared to the mouse), it would appear unlikely that low doses of BPA or other xenoestrogens produce adverse endocrine disruptive effects during human pregnancy.
Multiple solutions for a Schrödinger type equation with an asymptotically linear term

Abstract We study the nonlinear Schrodinger type equation − Δ u+(λg(x)+1)u=f(u) on the whole space R N . The nonlinearity f is assumed to be asymptotically linear and g(x)⩾0 has a potential well. Using results from critical point theory, we show how the behavior of f near zero and at infinity affects the number of solutions.
The type III calcium/calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase is not specific to olfactory sensory neurons.

Abstract A cDNA clone for type III adenylyl cyclase was originally isolated from a rat olfactory cDNA library and Northern analysis using total RNA suggested that the expression of the type III mRNA may be limited to the olfactory epithelium (Bakalyar and Reed, Science, 250 (1990) 1403–1406). In this study, the distribution of type III adenylyl cyclase mRNA in a number of bovine tissues and cultured cells was examined by Northern analysis using poly(A)+ RNA. Type III adenylyl cyclase mRNA was expressed in brain, spinal cord, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, heart atrium, aorta, lung, retina, 293 cells and PC-12 cells. Furthermore, the Ca2+ sensitivity of adenylyl cyclase activity in 293 cells indicated the presence of type III adenylyl cyclase. These data indicate that expression of the type III adenylyl cyclase is not limited to olfactory tissues, and that this enzyme probably has a number of physiological functions in addition to olfactory signal transduction.
Two Technological Revolutions

The IPOs of the Electricity/Internal Combustion revolution created more lasting value than the IPOs of the IT revolution. Stock-market data point to two explanations for this. First, computer prices have been falling much faster than did those of electricity and internal combustion in the 1890–1930 period, and so the value of each generation of computer-intensive entrants is reduced by later entrants. And, second, the pre-1973 vintages reacted to the microcomputer relatively quickly, perhaps because the threat of being taken over is now higher than it was 70–100 years ago. (JEL: O3, N2)
M. Freudenthal (ed.): Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Neogene Micromammalian Faunas from the Calatayud-Teruel Basin, Spain

(1990). M. Freudenthal (ed.): Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Neogene Micromammalian Faunas from the Calatayud-Teruel Basin, Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, 50th Anniversary - 1990, pp. 135-137.
When rate maximization is impulsive

Although optimal foraging theory predicts that natural selection should favor animal behaviors that maximize long-term rate of gain, behaviors observed in the laboratory tend to be impulsive. In binary-choice experiments, despite the long-term gain of each alternative, animals favor short handling times. Most explanations of this behavior suggest that there is hidden rationality in impulsiveness. Instead, we suggest that simultaneous and mutually exclusive binary-choice encounters are often unnatural and thus immune to the effects of natural selection. Using a simulation of an imperfect forager, we show how a simple strategy (i.e., an intuitive model of animal behavior) that maximizes long-term rate of gain under natural conditions appears to be impulsive under operant laboratory conditions. We then show how the accuracy of this model can be verified in the laboratory by biasing subjects with a short pre-experiment ad libitum high-quality feeding period. We also show a similar behavioral mechanism results in diet preferences that are qualitatively consistent with the digestive rate model of foraging (i.e., foraging under digestive rate constraints).
Spin-spin dependence of total cross sections as an effect of static nuclear deformation.

Recently observed nuclear spin-spin dependence of total cross sections for ${\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{pol}{+\mathrm{}}^{27}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{pol}}$ is accounted for by coupled-channels calculations that include the effects of the static quadrupole moment of $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, and without any spin-spin potentials. Effective spin-spin interactions, of both spherical and tensor kinds, can thus be generated by static nuclear deformation.
Continuous monitoring of volatile organic compounds in air emissions using an on-line membrane extraction-microtrap-gas chromatographic system

Abstract A method for the continuous monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air using on-line membrane extraction followed by gas chromatographic analysis is presented. The air is passed through one or more hollow-fiber membranes and the VOCs selectively permeate across the membrane into a flow of inert gas such as nitrogen. Before entering the GC column, the VOCs are trapped and concentrated by a microtrap. A concentration pulse of the trapped VOCs is generated by direct electrical heating of the microtrap, which serves as injection for GC separation. Continuous monitoring is done by making injections at fixed intervals of time while the air stream flows continuosly through the membrane module.
Early stage of deterioration in polymeric coatings detected by positron annihilation spectroscopy

In polymeric coating systems, positron annihilation spectroscopy has shown sensitivity in detecting the early stage of deterioration due to weathering, specially, in probing a specific location or depth of coatings from the surface through interfaces and the bulk. Existing extensive experimental positron data show that positron annihilation signals respond quantitatively to the deterioration process due to weathering. Now, it is possible to detect the very early stage of coating deterioration at the atomic and molecular scale by using positrons, typically in days as compared to years by conventional methods. This paper summarizes recent positron studies in polymeric coatings. Correlations between positron data and a variety of chemical, physical and engineering data from ESR, AFM, cross-link density, gloss, and cyclic loading are presented. A proposed application of positron annihilation spectroscopy as a real field inspection tool to detect coating deterioration of bridges is presented.
Bcl-2 protein expression associated with resistance to apoptosis in clear cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina and cervix expressing wild-type p53

Background: Clear cell adenocarcinomas (CCAs) of the vagina and cervix are rare tumors that often overexpress wild-type p53. In vitro, expression of protooncogene bcl-2 can block p53-mediated apoptosis. The objective of this study was to determine if bcl-2 is expressed in CCAs and whether this expression is associated with inhibition of apoptosis. Methods: Twenty-one paraffin-embedded clear cell adenocarcinomas were immunohistochemically stained for bcl-2 (antibody M 887, Dako, Carpinteria, CA) and DNA fragmentation (Apop-Tag, Oncor, Gaithersburg, MD), a marker for apoptosis. Fifteen tumors were associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Prior p53 gene analysis had indicated the presence of wild-type p53 in each tumor. Human lymphoid tissue containing bcl-2-expressing lymphocytes and DNase I-exposed CCA tissue sections were used as positive controls for the bcl-2 and apoptosis assays, respectively. Expression of bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation was classified (0 to 3+) according to percentage of positive cells and intensity of staining. Results: Expression of bcl-2 was identified in each CCA examined, and was strongly positive (2+ to 3+) in 18 of 21 samples. Despite the presence of wild-type p53, only 4 of 21 tumors showed evidence of apoptosis as assessed through DNA fragmentation. Conclusions: DNA damage leads to increased intracellular p53 levels. Overexpression of p53 induces apoptosis as a means of protecting organisms from the development of malignancy. CCAs of the vagina and cervix, which contain wild-type p53 genes and often overexpress p53 protein, presumably have evolved mechanisms to avoid p53-induced apoptosis. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of bcl-2 can inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis and suggest a mechanism by which these rare tumors can arise without mutation of the p53 gene.
Patient-Specific Minimum-Dose Imaging Protocols for Statistical Image Reconstruction in C-arm Cone-Beam CT Using Correlated Noise Injection.

Purpose: A new method for accurately portraying the impact of low-dose imaging techniques in C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) is presented and validated, allowing identification of minimum-dose protocols suitable to a given imaging task on a patient-specific basis in scenarios that require repeat intraoperative scans. Method: To accurately simulate lower-dose techniques and account for object-dependent noise levels (x-ray quantum noise and detector electronics noise) and correlations (detector blur), noise of the proper magnitude and correlation was injected into the projections from an initial CBCT acquired at the beginning of a procedure. The resulting noisy projections were then reconstructed to yield low-dose preview (LDP) images that accurately depict the image quality at any level of reduced dose in both filtered backprojection and statistical image reconstruction. Validation studies were conducted on a mobile C-arm, with the noise injection method applied to images of an anthropomorphic head phantom and cadaveric torso across a range of lower-dose techniques. Results: Comparison of preview and real CBCT images across a full range of techniques demonstrated accurate noise magnitude (within ~5%) and correlation (matching noise-power spectrum, NPS). Other image quality characteristics (e.g., spatial resolution, contrast, and artifacts associated with beam hardening and scatter) were also realistically presented at all levels of dose and across reconstruction methods, including statistical reconstruction. Conclusion: Generating low-dose preview images for a broad range of protocols gives a useful method to select minimum-dose techniques that accounts for complex factors of imaging task, patient-specific anatomy, and observer preference. The ability to accurately simulate the influence of low-dose acquisition in statistical reconstruction provides an especially valuable means of identifying low-dose limits in a manner that does not rely on a model for the nonlinear reconstruction process or a model of observer performance.
Activation of the HIV-1 LTR by T Cell Mitogens and the Trans-Activator Protein of HTLV-I

To investigate the mechanism by which immune activation augments replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected T cells, four different classes of T cell mitogens were evaluated for their effects on the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a mitogenic lectin; phorbol 12-myristic 13-acetate, a tumor promoter; ionomycin, a calcium ionophore; and tat-1, the trans-activator protein from the human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) each stimulated the HIV-1 LTR. Studies of deleted forms of the LTR supported a central role in these responses for the HIV-1 enhancer, which alone was sufficient for mitogen inducibility, but also suggested that other 5' positive and negative regulatory elements contribute to the overall magnitude of the response. Synergistic activation of the HIV-1 LTR (up to several thousandfold) was observed with combinations of these mitogens and the HIV-1--derived tat-III protein. Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent, inhibited PHA-mediated activation of the HIV-1 LTR but was without effect in the presence of other mitogens. Thus, HIV-1 gene expression and replication appear to be regulated, via the HIV-1 LTR, by the same mitogenic signals that induce T cell activation.
Total enteral nutrition or total parenteral nutrition for prophylaxis of infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Total enteral nutrition or total parenteral nutrition for prophylaxis of infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis?
Oscillatory Magneto-Absorption in Semiconductors

Infrared magneto-absorption has been investigated in thin samples (\ensuremath{\sim}10 microns) of germanium, indium arsenide, and indium antimonide in magnetic fields up to 37 kilogauss. At photon energies greater than the direct transition energy gap in germanium and also greater than the energy gaps in indium arsenide and indium antimonide, the magneto-absorption exhibited oscillatory behavior. This is associated with interband transitions between quantized Landau levels of the valence and conduction bands. By extrapolating a plot of the photon energies of the transmission minima as a function of magnetic field to zero field, we obtained accurate determinations of the energy gaps. For the direct transition in germanium, ${E}_{g}=0.803\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$ ev at \ensuremath{\sim}298\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 0.890\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 ev at \ensuremath{\sim}77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and 0.897\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 ev at \ensuremath{\sim}4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In indium antimonide, ${E}_{g}=0.180\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002$ ev at \ensuremath{\sim}298\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and in indium arsenide, the result was 0.360\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 ev at \ensuremath{\sim}298\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. From the accurate determination of the energy gap made possible by these experiments, it is apparent that there is considerable absorption below the energy gap, probably due to transitions involving both photons and optical phonons. Utilizing the theory of Luttinger and Kohn, effective masses were evaluated from the higher quantum transitions in germanium to give values of the conduction band electron mass at $k=0$ of $(0.036\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002){m}_{0}$ at room temperature, and $(0.043\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002){m}_{0}$ and $(0.041\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002){m}_{0}$ at \ensuremath{\sim}77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and \ensuremath{\sim}4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, respectively, which is consistent with the corresponding change in energy gap. For indium arsenide, the conduction band electron mass was found to be approximately $0.03{m}_{0}$. For indium antimonide, a value for the effective mass in the conduction band of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.014{m}_{0}$, consistent with the cyclotron resonance results, was obtained by assuming that in this case the magnetic levels in the conduction band are appreciably split by spin-orbit interaction. The anisotropy of the magneto-absorption effect was measured for germanium and indium antimonide. For germanium, the anisotropy agreed with predictions from theory and the results of microwave cyclotron resonance. For indium antimonide, the anisotropy was very small for the first two minima.
Genetic changes occurring over 500 generations in lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected divergently for geotaxis.

Populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected divergently and intermittently over 600 generations for geotaxis were analyzed genetically by assaying individual chromosomes and their interactions. Effects were found for each of the three major chromosomes from both the negatively and the positively geotactic lines, as were interactions among chromosomes from the latter. This situation differs from an assay performed about 500 generations earlier (Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L.,Dissert. Abstr. 22:1262–1263, 1961) in which (a) significant effects were reported for only two of the three chromosomes from each line and (b) no significant interactions among chromosomes were found. The amount of evolutionary change in each line may well be even greater than reported here because the chromosomal assay cannot detect all effects. However, the comparison indicates a large magnitude of genetic change due to the effects of long-term selection.
Impact of CO2 addition to milk on selected analytical testing methods

Abstract The addition of CO 2 to raw milk and dairy products controls the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria at refrigeration temperatures. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dissolved CO 2 in milk on the performance of four important routine testing methods: antibiotic residue test, freezing point test, infrared milk component analysis, and alkaline phosphatase test. Raw or pasteurized whole milk was carbonated at 2 . The addition of CO 2 to raw milk up to 1000 ppm had no effect on the performance of the three antibiotic ( β -lactams) residue tests: IDEXX SNAP, Charm II Sequential Tablet, and Delvo-P Ampule. Milk freezing point decreased linearly with increasing concentration of dissolved CO 2 , from −0.543°H (control) to −0.595°H (1000ppm). Carbonation to 1000ppm decreased milk pH (measured at 38°C) from 6.61 (control) to 6.15 (1000ppm). The effects of CO 2 on milk freezing point and pH were reversible upon removal of dissolved CO 2 . Increased CO 2 levels in milk changed the infrared absorption spectrum of milk and caused the corrected lactose readings to decrease and the corrected fat B readings to increase. For the alkaline phosphatase tests, 0 (none), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% raw milk were deliberately added to pasteurized milks of six levels of carbonation (0 to 1000 ppm). The addition of CO 2 did not influence the ability of Fluorophos, Charm PasLite, and Scharer Modified Rapid tests to differentiate between a pasteurized milk and a pasteurized milk with raw milk contamination.
Revealing real quality of double compressed MP3 audio

MP3 is the most popular format for audio storage and a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback. The flexibility of compression ratio of MP3 coding enables users to choose their customized configuration in the trade-off between file size and quality. Double MP3 compression often occurs in audio forgery, steganography and quality faking by transcoding an MP3 audio to a different compression ratio. To detect double MP3 compression, in this paper, we extract the statistical features on the modified discrete cosine transform, and apply support vector machines and a dynamic evolving neuron-fuzzy inference system to the extracted features for classification. Experimental results show that our method effectively and accurately detects double MP3 compression for both up-transcoded and down-transcoded MP3 files. Our study also indicates the potential for mining the audio processing history for forensic purposes.
A Multiple Regression Project

Summary The number of calories in a serving of a food item may be determined from the amount of fat, protein, and carbohydrates it contains. Students can uncover this relationship by collecting food data and then performing a multiple regression.
How low should you go

The paper by Woodward 1 in this issue addresses a controversial area of public health policy that asks the following question: Is the public’s health benefited by having governments set maximum allowable limits on machine-measured yields for tar found in cigarettes? The debate on the merits of regulating tar yields in cigarettes is not new and is based on the observation that there is a clear dose–response relationship between the amount of tobacco tar painted onto the skin of animals and the occurrence of cancerous tumors. 2 The logical assumption drawn from such studies is that reducing the tar yield of cigarettes would result in a lowering of cancer rates. Based on the assumption that less tar would produce less cancer, public health authorities in the 1950s and 1960s encouraged smokers who persisted in smoking to switch to filtered and low-tar cigarette brands. 3 With the endorsement of low-tar cigarettes by public health authorities, cigarette manufacturers increasingly devoted their marketing budgets to promote lower taryield cigarettes with the resulting effect being a steady increase in the market share for cigarette brands with lower machine-measured tar deliveries. 4 Changes in cigarette design have resulted in a 60% reduction in the sales-weighted tar levels for U.S. cigarettes since
Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields

The truncated shifted Pareto (TSP) distribution, a variant of the two-parameter Pareto distribution, in which one parameter is added to shift the distribution right and left and the right-hand side is truncated, is used to model size distributions of oil and gas fields for resource assessment. Assumptions about limits to the left-hand and right-hand side reduce the number of parameters to two. The TSP distribution has advantages over the more customary lognormal distribution because it has a simple analytic expression, allowing exact computation of several statistics of interest, has a “J-shape,” and has more flexibility in the thickness of the right-hand tail. Oil field sizes from the Minnelusa play in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana, are used as a case study. Probability plotting procedures allow easy visualization of the fit and help the assessment.
Emissions from RDF/coal blended fuel combustion

Abstract The significant volume and weight reduction along with the energy potential of MSW, in the form of refuse derived fuel (RDF), has made its incineration an attractive alternative. However, the gaseous emissions such as, CO 2 , CO, NO x and SO 2 , which are the byproduct of the combustion process pose serious environmental problems. These problems are compounded by the presence of certain highly regulated hazardous wastes such as, dioxins and furans in the exhaust stream. In the present investigation, different compositions of RDF/Coal blends were examined and the gaseous emissions from the combustion of the briquetted fuel were measured. Also, a direct comparison of emissions from RDF/coal blend incineration with coal combustion is presented in this paper. The potential for recovery of ferrous and non- ferrous metals provides an additional economic motivation for the use of RDF/Coal blended briquettes.
A low-leakage dynamic register file with unclocked wordline and sub-segmentation for improved bitline scalability

A register file is presented that uses an unclocked wordline with dynamic bitline sub-segmentation and stack-forcing to reduce both active and standby leakage. The proposed technique improves scalability to a larger number of entries per local bitline segment. For an example 32nm-CMOS 4-write, 6-read port 32 bits x 168 entries register file, the proposed bitline segmentation technique improves local bitline delay by 33%, lowers standby leakage by 70%, and reduces the number of clocked wordlines by 83% when compared with a conventional design. Furthermore, wordline sharing is shown to reduce the number of wordlines by as much as 58%.
State strategies for welfare reform: The Wisconsin story

Wisconsin is commonly cited as exemplar of the capability of states for reforming welfare. Wisconsin's welfare and caseload declined 22.5 percent between 1986 and 1994. I argue that the decline resulted from restriction of eligibility and benefits, a strong state economy, and large expenditures on welfare-to-work programs encouraged by an exceptional fiscal bargain with the federal government. Continued reduction of welfare utilization by means other than denying access are jeopardized by proposed changes in federal cost-sharing, a prospective state deficit, and the growing share of the caseload accounted for by residents of Milwaukee. Wisconsin Works, the state's plan for public assistance in a post-block grant world, continues benefit reduction and eligibility restriction but expands emphasis on employment. The special circumstances enjoyed by Wisconsin are unlikely to be duplicated elsewhere.
A Survey of Soil Sample Handling Procedures of State Pesticide Regulatory Agencies

Abstract The overall goal of this survey study was to examine soil sample handling procedures of each state regulatory agency that regulates pesticide use in that state. A survey of each state lead agency (SLA) was conducted to determine the types of containers that are typically used when collecting soil samples for pesticide residue analysis and, on average, how long it takes for the soil samples to reach the laboratory once the soil sample is collected from the field by the investigator. The survey revealed that states use different protocols when handling soil samples for forensics purposes. The consequences are important, especially for agencies responsible for enforcement of pesticide use laws, when attempting to present soil pesticide residue evidence as representative of the actual state of the pesticide molecule in its intended environment. Establishment of scientific-based soil sample handling protocols for various pesticide molecules will allow for more acceptable evidence submissions in courts...
Toward the specification of an ISA for high performance computing engines. I. The hardware perspective

An instruction set architecture (ISA) is a contract between the compiler that provides, in response to a high level language program, directives for the interpreter to carry out, and the interpreter (microarchitecture) that carries out those directives. Implementation structures of today tend to drive ISA definitions, and in general that is a mistake. From the authors' perspective the ultimate microengine is one constrained only by flow dependencies, so an ISA that facilitates data-flow execution will likely be beneficial even in the face of new microarchitectures. >
Ontologies for modeling and simulation: issues and approaches

Ontologies represent the next important phase of the World Wide Web, creating a semantic web which links together disparate pieces of information and knowledge. Creating ontologies within computer simulation can be seen as a logical next phase of the web-based modeling and simulation thrust, where the emphasis is on knowledge and its representation rather than on run-time network characteristics. We introduce the concept of an ontology and then survey two groups performing research in this area at the Universities of Florida and Georgia, respectively.
Evaluating the Use of Radio Frequency Identification Device (Rfid) Technology to Prevent and Investigate Sexual Assaults in a Correctional Setting

The application of radio frequency identification device (RFID) technology to prevent inmate misconduct in a women’s prison in Cleveland, Ohio was evaluated. An interrupted time series design was employed to analyze administrative data. Interviews were conducted with 89 inmates and 21 correctional and investigative staff. A process evaluation found that the advanced applications of the RFID system theorized to prevent inmate misconduct were not initiated. The resulting study thus evaluates RFID when employed at its most basic level as a perimeter control device and aid in investigations. Results indicate that RFID did not deter inmate misconduct.
24 TRANSIENT REMISSION OF HYPERTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY

A 17 y.o. girl had remissions of Graves' disease(GD)during 2 pregnancies. In the first, T4/FT4 fell on tapazole (TAP), from 21.4→13.0μg/dl and 3.31→ 0.9ng/dl resp., in 3 mons.T4 was normal off TAP from 6 wks before (BD) to 4 mons after delivery(AD)when it was 16.7μg/dl; TAP was restarted. During the second, antithyroid antimicrosomal antibodies (ATAB/AMAB)and TSH binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (Nichols, TBII) were also measured (below). T4, FT4 and T3 were normal off TAP for 4 mons BD to 5 mons AD when T4 was 13.9μg/dl and T3, 270ng/dl (60% RAI uptake). ATAB was positive throughout pregnancy until 9 mons AD when it was <1:10. AMAB fell to 1:400 4 mons AD, rising to 1:102,000 at 8 mons. TBII was normal for GD(13–16%). Fluctuations in autoimmune thyroid disease occurs in pregnancy; transient remissions are rare. This patient had 2 separate remissions late in pregnancy followed by relapses months later. AMAB changes occurred later than previously described and seemed to be timed with the second relapse. TBII and ATAB titers did not correlate with clinical disease.
Expression of DNA repair proteins in endometrial cancer predicts disease outcome

Abstract Objective The consequences of defective homologous recombination and other DNA repair pathways are important in disease outcomes of numerous tumor types. The objective of this study was to explore BRCA1, PARP, FANCD2, PTEN, H2AX, and ATM protein expression in endometrial cancer (EC). Methods PARP1, γH2AX, ATM, FANCD2, PTEN, BRCA1, and p53 proteins were evaluated in EC tissue microarray (TMA) and their expressions were correlated with clinical and pathological parameters in 357 patients. Results In type I EC, PARP1 + , ATM + , and FANCD2 + were associated with high tumor grade (p 0.031, p 0.0045, p 0.0062 respectively); γH2AX + and FANCD2 + with advanced tumor stage (p 0.0004, p 0.0085 respectively); γH2AX + , FANCD2 + and p53 + with the presence of lympho-vascular invasion (p 0.0004, p 0.0042, p 0.0098 respectively); and γH2AX + and ATM + with tumor recurrence (p 0.0203, p 0.0465) respectively. In type II EC, only PARP1 + was associated with tumor stage (p 0.0499). EC patients with p53 + or FANCD2 + were more likely to recur with 5year recurrence free survival (RFS) probability of 71.4% in comparison to 85.5% for the other patients and they were more likely to have shorter 5year overall survival (OS) of 66.46% in comparison to 78.5% of those other patients Finally, patients with ATM + and p53 + or FANCD2 + were more likely to recur with 5year RFS probability of 68% versus 80.3% for the other patients. Conclusion DNA repair proteins seemed to play an important role in EC, and their expressions can forecast for poor outcomes.
En el núcleo de la lectura

Se define la lectura como esfuerzo por entender un texto y se trata de describir el momento en que se produce el estallido del significado, o sea, el salto del paso opaco por el texto a la transparencia de la exposicion. La conciencia refleja del contenido y valor estetico del texto –o la clara conciencia de que no lo entendemos– constituye la recepcion por parte del lector. Se procura explicar los diferentes sentidos del termino recepcion. El estudio aqui intentado, si en alguna medida logra su objetivo, podria servir de base para entender mejor estudios de historia, sociologia, psicologia y politica de la lectura.
The Help-Seeking Strategies of Female Violent-Crime Victims The Direct and Conditional Effects of Race and the Victim-Offender Relationship

The author used national data to examine the help-seeking strategies of female crime victims. The research has two objectives. First, to determine whether help seeking exists as isolated choices or whether there is a discernable set of help-seeking strategies used by victims. Second, the author examined the effects of race and the victim-offender relationship on these help-seeking decisions. Findings identify three help-seeking strategies: (a) minimal or no help seeking, (b) family and friend help seeking, and (c) substantial help seeking (includes help from family, friends, psychiatrists, social service providers, and police). The author found that White women and victims of intimate partner violence are more likely to engage in increasing levels of help seeking. She also found that White women victimized by an intimate partner or other known offender are more likely (as compared to other victims) to seek increasing levels of help and social support.
Delay time analysis of submicron InP-based HEMT's

The intrinsic delay time of submicron InP-based HEMT's has been evaluated by coupling the delay time analysis with a 2D Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulation. The relationship between the delay time and the transit time is explained. It is shown that the delay time can be quite different from the transit time depending on the velocity modulation. The delay from each segment of the HEMT is calculated to study the distribution of the delay inside the device. The delay from the gate region was the major contributor while that from the drain region was also important. The bias dependence of the delay in each region of the device was calculated to explain the bias dependence of the total intrinsic delay time. The intrinsic delay time increase at low V/sub gs/ was due to the increase of /spl tau//sub d/ and /spl tau//sub s/ and the increase at high V/sub ds/ was due to the increase of /spl tau/d. As a means of validation, the simulated data have been compared with experimental intrinsic delay time data at various bias points. Good agreement was found over a wide V/sub gs/ and V/sub ds/ range.
A Distributed Workflow Mapping Algorithm for Minimum End-to-End Delay under Fault-Tolerance Constraint

Many large-scale scientific applications feature distributed computing workflows of complex structures that must be executed and transferred in shared wide-area networks consisting of unreliable nodes and links. Mapping these computing workflows in such faulty network environments for optimal latency while ensuring certain fault tolerance is crucial to the success of eScience that requires both performance and reliability. We construct analytical cost models and formulate workflow mapping as an optimization problem under failure rate constraint. We propose a distributed heuristic mapping solution based on recursive critical path to achieve minimum end-to-end delay and satisfy a pre-specified overall failure rate for a guaranteed level of fault tolerance. The performance superiority of the proposed mapping solution is illustrated by extensive simulation-based comparisons with existing mapping algorithms.
Pain, coping, and adjustment in patients with burns: preliminary findings from a prospective study.

Abstract We prospectively examined the association between procedural pain during hospitalization and coping and adjustment 1 month postdischarge in 43 patients treated at a major regional burn center for burns extensive enough to require at least 5 days of daily wound debridement procedures. Both patients and nurses provided ratings of patient pain, which were summarized and aggregated across a 5-day period. Results indicated that those subjects with higher pain scores also reported poorer adjustment as measured by scores on the Brief Symptoms Inventory and the Sickness Impact Profile. Moreover, these associations remained significant after partialling out the effects of preburn adjustment. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed evidence that seeking social support had a moderating effect on the association between pain and scores on a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder.
A system model for mobile commerce

The emergence of wireless and mobile networks has made possible the introduction of electronic commerce to a new application and research subject: mobile commerce. Understanding or constructing a mobile commerce system is an arduous task because the system involves a wide variety of disciplines and technologies. To facilitate understanding and constructing such a system, this article divides a mobile commerce system into six components: (i) mobile commerce applications, (ii) mobile stations, (iii) mobile middleware, (iv) wireless networks, (v) wired networks, and (vi) host computers. Elements in components related to mobile commerce are described in detail and lists of technologies for component construction are also given.