cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
'Forgotten': a personal comment and communiqué on West Papuan refugees.

Objective:To raise awareness of the ongoing human rights violations of the Indigenous residents of West Papua and their mental health consequences.Method:The author, herself a refugee from West Papua, provides a summary comment from a presentation to the Leadership in Mental Health: Island Nations course, based on personal experience in West Papua and Papua New Guinea, and a telephone survey of West Papuan refugees resident in Australia.Result:A communique in solidarity from all course delegates was produced and is included.Conclusion:Human rights violations continue in West Papua, and the plight of its indigenous residents and West Papuan refugees in Papua New Guinea and Australia are dire and should not be ‘forgotten’.
Utility-Based Utility: The Johnsen-Donaldson Hypothesis

A major virtue of von Neumann-Morgenstern utility, for example, in the theory of general financial equilibrium (GFE), is that it ensures time consistency: consumption-portfolio plans (for the future) are in fact executed (in the future) - assuming that there is perfect foresight about relevant endogenous variables. This note examines an alternative to expected utility, one which also delivers consistency between plan and execution - and more. In particular, it turns out that one special case is in fact simply discounted expected utility. Moreover, this alternative formulation affords an extremely hospitable setting for introducing extrinsic uncertainty. The key idea behind the approach is to divorce the concept of filtration (of the state space) from any considerations involving probability (on the state space), and then to concentrate attention on nested utilities of consumption looking forward from any date-event: utility today depends only on consumption today and prospective utility tomorrow, utility tomorrow depends only on consumption tomorrow and prospective consumption the day after tomorrow, and so on.
Nano-Satellite Passive Attitude Stabilization Syste ms Design by Orbital Environment Modeling and Simulation

Passive attitude stabilization techniques such as G ravity Gradient stabilization, Passive Magnetic Stabilization, and Aerodynamic stabilizati on in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are effective and relatively simple methods to control the attitude of small satellites and provide basic pointing control. The design of such stabiliz ation systems is achievable using a high fidelity simulation of all major environmental effe cts of the desired orbit to study the onorbit behavior and the effectiveness of the stabili ty system in overcoming the disturbance torques. The Attitude Propagator described in this paper was developed to study earthorbiting nano-satellites and includes models for th e orbit parameters, gravity gradient torque, aerodynamic torque, magnetic torque, and magnetic hysteresis material behavior for angular rotation damping. The implementation of the Orbital Environment Simulator is described, followed by analysis and verification of the simulation accuracy using collected on-orbit data of passively stabilized satellites. F inally, the Passive Magnetic Stabilization system of KySat-1, a one-unit CubeSat designed by Kentucky Space, is described in detail with the corresponding simulation results from the Orbital Environment Simulator.
Factors Influencing the Morphology Development of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites draw great interest due to their unique nanostructures and improved properties [1–2]. Epoxy is a widely-used thermosetting material. The research on the epoxy layered-silicate epoxy nanocomposite has exploded in the last decade [3–9]. The morphology of nanocomposites is the key to making high-performance nanocomposites. In this presentation, the factors influencing the morphology development behavior of epoxy nanocomposites will be discussed. The factors to be investigated include organoclay, epoxide, and curing agent. In this study, the aliphatic diamine (Jeffamines) with different molecular weights and aromatic diamine were selected as the curing agents, S30B (quaternary onium-montmorillonite) and SC18 (primary oniummont-morillonite) as the organoclays, and Epon 862 and Epon 828 as epoxides. In situ small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was utilized to study the morphology development of the epoxy nanocomposite.© 2006 ASME
The Influence of Oils and Sterols on Sexual Reproduction of Species of Pythium

(1968). The Influence of Oils and Sterols on Sexual Reproduction of Species of Pythium. Mycologia: Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 1243-1246.
Dust-Scattered Starlight - The Diffuse Galactic Light

Integrated starlight, zodiacal light, and nightglow - which have been discussed to this point - are the major contributors to the terrestrial night sky light. The resolution of the total light into its principal components is much facilitated by the fact that each has a specific region of concentration in the sky, such concentration being apparent even to the unaided eye.
Vaccinations for Neuroinfectious Disease: A Global Health Priority

Vaccines for neuroinfectious diseases are becoming an ever-increasing global health priority, as neurologic manifestations and sequelae from existing and emerging central nervous system infections account for significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. The prevention of neurotropic infections can be achieved through globally coordinated vaccination campaigns, which have successfully eradicated nonzoonotic agents such as the variola viruses and, hopefully soon, poliovirus. This review discusses vaccines that are currently available or under development for zoonotic flaviviruses and alphaviruses, including Japanese and tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile, dengue, Zika, encephalitic equine viruses, and chikungunya. Also discussed are nonzoonotic agents, including measles and human herpesviruses, as well as select bacterial, fungal, and protozoal pathogens. While therapeutic vaccines will be required to treat a multitude of ongoing infections of the nervous system, the ideal vaccination strategy is pre-exposure vaccination, with the ultimate goals of minimizing disease associated with zoonotic viruses and the total eradication of nonzoonotic agents.
Early-Life Stress Paradigm Transiently Alters Maternal Behavior, Dam-Pup Interactions, and Offspring Vocalizations in Mice.

Animal models can help elucidate the mechanisms through which early-life stress (ELS) has pathophysiological effects on the developing brain. One model that has been developed for rodents consists of limiting the amount of bedding and nesting material during the first postnatal weeks of pup life. This ELS environment has been shown to induce ‘abusive’ behaviors by rat dams towards pups, while mouse dams have been hypothesized to display ‘fragmented care’. Here, as part of an ongoing study of gene-environment interactions that impact brain development, we analyzed long observation periods of wild-type C57Bl/6J dams, with wild-type and heterozygous pups for the Met receptor tyrosine kinase, which is involved in cortical and hippocampal synaptogenesis. Dams with limited resources from postnatal day (P)2 to P9 preserved regular long on-nest periods, and instead increased the number of discrete dam-pup interactions during regular off-nest periods. Immediately after dams entered the nest during off-nest periods in this ELS environment, pups responded to these qualitatively different interactions with an increased number of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) and audible vocalizations (AV), communication signals that have been associated with aversive and painful stimuli. After returning to control conditions, nest entry behaviors normalized, and dams did not show altered anxiety-like or contextual fear learning behaviors after pup weaning. Furthermore, female mice that had undergone ELS as pups did not show atypical nest entry behaviors in control conditions in adulthood, suggesting that these specific maternal behaviors are not learned during the ELS period. The results suggest that atypical responses of both mother and pups during exposure to this ELS environment likely contribute to long-term negative outcomes in mice, and that these responses more closely resemble the effects of limited bedding on rat dams and pups than was previously suggested. Discerning how different early-life stressors mediate changes in maternal-pup interactions can help elucidate the mechanisms of ELS on brain development and behavior.
Stem Cells and Commercialization

Stem cells have tremendous potential to address and even cure a whole host of human conditions and disease states. Regenerative medicine consequently provides significant promise in addressing human morbidity and morality for generations to come. However, the promise of stem cells has also led to unethical, unproven, and illicit claims and marketing to unsuspecting, vulnerable patient populations desperate for treatments. Like other nostrums and unsupported treatments, these purveyors prey on the hopes of ill patients and their families. The confluence of medical tourism, and unregulated online direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has created a perfect storm allowing expansion in the numbers and claims from suspect stem cell clinics. This situation not only represents a global patient safety risk, but also undermines legitimate activities in stem cell research, development, and translational spheres. Hence, reform must address these concerns by ensuring drug regulatory authorities (DRAs) have clear oversight authority over all stem cell activities and that there is sufficient medical practitioner oversight in order to appropriately discipline suspect practitioners. Online DTCA used to promote stem cell clinics and services also requires appropriate and more robust regulation under existing DRA regulation and application of misrepresentation and fraud related legal instruments. Further, incentivization of legitimate stem cell research information and access options needs to be facilitated to better educate consumers and ensure that stem cell use is limited to evidence-based practice and science.
Flexibility of the head-stalk linker domain of paramyxovirus HN glycoprotein is essential for triggering virus fusion

UNLABELLED The Paramyxoviridae comprise a large family of enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with significant economic and public health implications. For nearly all paramyxoviruses, infection is initiated by fusion of the viral and host cell plasma membranes in a pH-independent fashion. Fusion is orchestrated by the receptor binding protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN; also called H or G depending on the virus type) protein and a fusion (F) protein, the latter undergoing a major refolding process to merge the two membranes. Mechanistic details regarding the coupling of receptor binding to F activation are not fully understood. Here, we have identified the flexible loop region connecting the bulky enzymatically active head and the four-helix bundle stalk to be essential for fusion promotion. Proline substitution in this region of HN of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and Newcastle disease virus HN abolishes cell-cell fusion, whereas HN retains receptor binding and neuraminidase activity. By using reverse genetics, we engineered recombinant PIV5-EGFP viruses with mutations in the head-stalk linker region of HN. Mutations in this region abolished virus recovery and infectivity. In sum, our data suggest that the loop region acts as a "hinge" around which the bulky head of HN swings to-and-fro to facilitate timely HN-mediate F-triggering, a notion consistent with the stalk-mediated activation model of paramyxovirus fusion. IMPORTANCE Paramyxovirus fusion with the host cell plasma membrane is essential for virus infection. Membrane fusion is orchestrated via interaction of the receptor binding protein (HN, H, or G) with the viral fusion glycoprotein (F). Two distinct models have been suggested to describe the mechanism of fusion: these include "the clamp" and the "provocateur" model of activation. By using biochemical and reverse genetics tools, we have obtained strong evidence in favor of the HN stalk-mediated activation of paramyxovirus fusion. Specifically, our data strongly support the notion that the short linker between the head and stalk plays a role in "conformational switching" of the head group to facilitate F-HN interaction and triggering.
Aims and Basic Requirements of Clinical Trials: Conventional and Component-Specific Models

The primary and secondary aims of clinical trials are clearly stated. It is noted that the details of the secondary aims required recording all drug –induced clinical actions, not only changes produced in the overall severity of the disorder. The goal of achieving secondary aims is to render the trial a sound, scientific experiment, not merely, an applied exercise designed to determine overall efficacy. The new models are designed specifically, to not only achieve the primary aim of determining efficacy for a targeted disorder, but to extend results to encompass all clinical actions of the drug. It introduces the Multivantaged (MV) procedure as the methodological approach designed to enhance the amount of information from the standard trial.
Triptan-Withdrawal Headache

The duration and severity of withdrawal headache after overuse of various headache drugs, including analgesics, ergots, and triptans, were determined in a prospective study of 95 patients (mean age 45+/-12 years; 80 women, 15 men) at the University Hospital Essen, Germany.
Composing an aesthetics of performance pedagogy

Abstract: We present a collaborative audio and video-based performance ethnography and companion essay that expands upon our experiences in a graduate-level performance ethnography seminar. Our performative text explores the potential for audio and video-based performance ethnography as an important pedagogical tool that prioritizes alternative ways of knowing that are deeply related to nondeliberative groupwork practice. Following a review of our process, we propose an aesthetics of performance pedagogy and discuss the importance of liminality in our work. Implications for practice include providing educators with critical opportunities to contribute to students’ awareness and understanding without demanding conformity to particular ways of knowing. Keywords: liminality; nondeliberative practice; performance pedagogy; social groupwork; wabi-sabi
Electrical activity of copper in GaAs

Abstract It has been established that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the concentration of acceptors of 0.15 eV ionization energy and the concentration of copper introduced in GaAs between 600° and 1000°C. Early data on the solubility of copper in GaAs above 700°C have been confirmed. It has also proved possible to remove copper from GaAs by immersion in molten KCN.
Paths to Development? Rural Roads and Multidimensional Poverty in the Hills and Plains of Nepal

We examine the impact of rural road construction on multidimensional poverty by using Nepal's Demographic and Health Survey and a difference-in-differences approach. We find reductions in deprivation, mainly driven by asset ownership and dwelling infrastructure, and small or non-significant effects on health and education. Results are robust to different specifications and estimation methods, although we find heterogeneity across groups and dimensions. We argue that the heterogeneity might be driven by labour characteristics, infrastructure requirements, time considerations; and risk assessment and decision-making practices. Our work highlights the importance of multidimensional measures to assess poverty and to evaluate infrastructure projects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Synthetic Polyoxin Analogs for Chitin Synthesis Inhibition

The natural polyoxins are a class of peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces and characterized by their ability to compete with UDP-GlcNAc for active site binding to chitin synthetase (Hori, et al., 1971 and 1974). As chitin synthetase inhibitors they offer the promise of a new source for clinical antifungal agents. Previous reports have demonstrated that the polyoxins are strong inhibitors of chitin synthetase in vitro, effective at µM concentrations against chitin synthetase of C. albicans (Becker, et al., 1983). However, when assayed for toxicity to zoopathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans or Cryptococcus neoformans concentrations in the mM range were required to observe toxic effects (Becker, et al., 1983).
Joint Defect Index of a Cyclic Tuple of Symmetric Operators

Von Neumann showed that the defect indices of a symmetric operator are invariant in each the upper half and lower half complex planes, and if the operator commutes with a conjugation operator, the indices have the same value in \(\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathbb{R}.\) This leads to self-adjoint extensions for the operator. We prove an anlogous invariance result in \(\mathbb{C}^{d}\setminus\mathbb{R}^{d}\) for a class of operator tuples. We also apply this to give a result regarding reproducing kernels.
Identifying, Collecting, and Presenting Hacker Community Data: Forums, IRC, Carding Shops, and DNMs

Cyber-attacks cost the global economy over $450 billion annually. To combat this issue, researchers and practitioners put enormous efforts into developing Cyber Threat Intelligence, or the process of identifying emerging threats and key hackers. However, the reliance on internal network data to has resulted in inherently reactive intelligence. CTI experts have urged the importance of proactively studying the large, ever-evolving online hacker community. Despite their CTI value, collecting data from hacker community platforms is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we summarize our efforts in systematically identifying and automatically collecting a large-scale of hacker forums, carding shops, Internet-Relay-Chat, and Dark Net Marketplaces. We also present our efforts to provide this data to the larger CTI community via the AZSecure Hacker Assets Portal (www.azsecure-hap.com). With our methodology, we collected 102 platforms for a total of 43,981,647 records. To the best of our knowledge, this compilation of hacker community data is the largest such collection in academia.
An initial randomized controlled trial of behavioral activation for treatment of concurrent crystal methamphetamine dependence and sexual risk for HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be the largest risk group for HIV infections in the U.S., where crystal methamphetamine abuse heightens risk for HIV infection through greater engagement...
Application of Pharmacodynamic Modeling for Designing Time-Variant Dosing Regimens to Overcome Nitroglycerin Tolerance in Experimental Heart Failure

Purpose. Prolonged continuous administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) leads to hemodynamic tolerance. We used a previously developed pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of NTG tolerance in experimental heart failure to test whether dosage regimens, designed from this model, may allow avoidance of tolerance development upon continuous NTG inftision.
Efficacy of a preprostatectomy multi-modal penile rehabilitation regimen on recovery of postoperative erectile function

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel, multi-modal, preoperative approach to postprostatectomy penile rehabilitation (PR), we performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent nerve-sparing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (NS-RALP). All patients were evaluated at a comprehensive, academic sexual medicine clinic between 2016 and 2017. The “prehabilitation” PR group (n = 106) consisted of men who were seen in the pre-op period and began tadalafil and l-citrulline 2 weeks prior to surgery. Vacuum erectile device (VED) therapy was started at 1-month post-op. These interventions were continued throughout the 12-month follow-up period. Individuals refractory to these therapies could start treatment with intracavernosal injections. The postprostatectomy PR group (n = 25) consisted of men who were not seen in the pre-op period and started the above therapies immediately following their first visit. A higher percentage of men in the prehabilitation group reported return of erectile function within 12 months (56% vs. 24%, P = 0.007). The prehabilitation group also showed better compliance with PR (PDE5i [96% vs. 64%, P < 0.001], l-citrulline [93% vs. 49%, P < 0.001], and VED [55% vs. 20%, P < 0.001]). Seventy-eight percent of men who attended 4–5 follow-up visits reported return of erectile function. Our results suggest that men undergoing a preoperative protocol show superior recovery of erectile function following NS-RALP. Further studies with prospective designs are warranted.
Induction of lambda prophage by nalidixic acid.

Lambda prophage induction into lysogens, noting nalidixic acid role in DNA synthesis inhibition
Systems and Systems Theory

The term system refers to a complex cognitive apparatus that organizes or orders an image of empirical phenomena in the mind of an observer according to a structural strategy. As a cognitive apparatus, the concept system consists of a cross-referenced set of ideas that produces a certain type of mental image used to represent phenomena thought of as being external to the mind. It operates in the mind as a kind of artificial “thinking” machine that imposes an order on the mind’s transactions within itself and between itself and a world encountered through the senses.
Deuteron-to-Proton Mass Ratio from the Cyclotron Frequency Ratio of H 2 + to D + with H 2 + in a Resolved Vibrational State

We have measured cyclotron frequency ratios of H_{2}^{+} to D^{+} with sufficient precision to resolve the mass increase of H_{2}^{+} due to vibrational energy. Additional discrimination against excited vibrational levels was provided by increasing the rate of vibrational decay through Stark quenching. From our results we obtain a value for the deuteron-to-proton mass ratio, m_{d}/m_{p}=1.999 007 501 274(38), which has an uncertainty three times smaller than the current CODATA value.
Metastatic Gastric Carcinoma Presenting as Acute Appendicitis

Metastatic disease is one of the few rare causes which can present with clinical and radiological features of acute appendicitis. In this article, we present a case of a 33-years-old man with known primary gastric malignancy undergoing adjuvant treatment, who presented with clinical peritonitis. Imaging findings revealed acute appendicitis and a sealed-off appendiceal perforation. Diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the appendix was confirmed on histopathology. Sound knowledge among clinicians and radiologists regarding clinical presentation and radiological findings of acute abdomen in patients with known primary malignancy can aid in rapid diagnosis and management.
Crohn’s disease: penetrating type

Abstract Penetrating or fistulizing Crohn’s disease (CD) has been considered one of “end” phenotypes. CD-associated fistula can be classified based on the etiology, location, source and target organs, length, depth, and concurrent inflammation or stricture. While the majority of CD-associated fistulas can be detected by cross-sectional imaging and contrasted small bowel series or colon enema, endoscopy can provide useful information on concurrent inflammation or stricture and, sometimes, help identify primary and secondary orifices of fistula. In selected patients, therapy may be delivered via endoscopy, such as balloon dilation or stricturotomy of concurrent strictures, and fistulotomy of short, superficial fistula.
Life stressors, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and preterm birth.

Background: Stress-induced pregnancy complications are thought to represent a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality; little is known regarding types of stress most predictive of adv...
Tomographic assessment of palatal suture opening pattern and pterygopalatine suture disarticulation in the axial plane after midfacial skeletal expansion

The purpose of this study was to assess the palatal suture opening and the pterygopalatine suture disarticulation pattern in the tomographic axial plane after treatment with midfacial skeletal expander (MSE). Pre- and post-expansion CBCT records of 50 subjects (20 males, 30 females, mean age 18 ± 3 years) who were treated with MSE (Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea) appliance were superimposed and compared using OnDemand software. Reference planes were identified and the angulation of the midpalatal suture opening after expansion was calculated as well as the frequency of the pterygopalatine suture split. After MSE treatment, the mean palatal suture opening angle (SOA) was 0.57°. (− 0.8° to 1.3°). There was no significant difference between males and females in terms of the palatal suture opening pattern (P > 0.05). Only 3 out of 50 (6%) subjects presented SOA above 1 degree. Also, 3 out of 50 (6%) patients presented a negative SOA value. With regard to the pterygopalatine suture split, 84 sutures out of 100 (84%) presented openings between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates on both right and left sides. Partial split was detected with 8 patients (5 females, 3 males). Five patients had split only in the medial pterygoid plates of both pterygomaxillary sutures, and 3 patients exhibited disarticulation on the right side only. No significant differences were found in the frequency of suture opening between males and females (P = 1.000). MSE appliance performed almost parallel expansion in the axial view. Remarkably, this study shows that pterygopalatine suture can be split by MSE appliance without the surgical intervention; the disarticulation of pterygopalatine suture was visible in most of the patients.
Recent Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The ongoing obesity epidemic and the increasing recognition of metabolic syndrome have contributed to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of liver disease worldwide. It is imperative to understand the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD as it is associated with a profound economic burden of hospitalizations, including the shifting trends in liver transplantation. The long-term cumulative healthcare cost of NAFLD patients has been shown to be 80% higher than that of non-NAFLD patients. We explore diagnostic challenges in identifying those with NAFLD who have a higher predilection to progress to end-stage liver disease. We aim to assess all-cause and cause-specific mortality as it relates to NAFLD.
Are These “Wings” or a “Jet Pack?” Students Assess the Informal Curriculum of the UNT Online Master's Program

A growing literature evaluates online learning outcomes and pedagogy within the virtual classroom, though assessments of entire online programs are comparatively rare As online learning takes place through multiple modalities in multiple contexts, we were particularly eager to explore the informal and hidden curricula within the University of North Texas (UNT) online program in applied anthropology–the structural situations and circumstances of learning from the assignments, approaches, and pedagogies that we formally employ We draw on alumni assessments of value to identify where these informal and hidden areas of our curricula are, and the challenges and opportunities they present Our results underscore how much professional socialization takes place outside the online classroom, from gaining experience with virtual communication and collaborative work teams, balancing time‐management skills, and being able to apply anthropological knowledge to different work situations Current events (this manuscript was finalized at the time of widespread COVID‐19 “shelter‐in‐place” quarantines and shuttered offices) suggest that learning how to succeed at online collaborations and virtual work teams will rapidly become globally critical occupational skills, and professional teaching programs will be increasingly pressed to respond [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Annals of Anthropological Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
California and Oregon NICU Wildfire Disaster Preparedness Tools.

The 2020 wildfire season was devastating to the Western United States and affected the region’s NICUs. In this study, we ask the question, “what tools/strategies do medical professionals deem as important and most helpful as they are preparing for wildfire disaster response?” It is a follow up to our previous study: Learning from Wildfire Disaster Experience in California NICUs. We reevaluated how California NICUs dealt with the 2020 wildfires and expanded to Oregon and Southwest (SW) Washington NICUs. We conducted a survey with eleven Oregon and SW Washington NICUs about their wildfire evacuation preparedness. We also interviewed two neonatologists about their wildfire disaster experience evacuating their NICU or preparing to evacuate. Our findings suggest there is more work needed to fully prepare NICUs for wildfire disasters. We hope that by bringing light to the strategies used by affected clinicians, we can educate and support future NICU disaster preparedness responses.
A Fixed Switching Frequency Dual-Input LLC Converter with PWM Controlled Semi-Active Rectifiers for PV Applications

This paper proposes a new modulation for a dual-input LLC resonant converter with semi-active rectifiers that interfaces with two PV panels. This topology is a dual half-bridge LLC circuit with four active switches on the primary and a full-bridge rectifier with two diodes and two switches on the secondary. Instead of using the traditional pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) to control the converter voltage gain; in this new modulation, the duty cycle of the secondary switches is varied to maintain the output voltage at the desired value while the switching frequency is always kept at the same value as the resonant frequency, so that the switching loss can be reduced. A phase-shift pulse-width modulation (PWM) control for primary switches is still employed to implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV panels. Soft switching is realized in all switches over the entire range of source voltage and load conditions. A 500-W prototype was built to validate the behaviors of the proposed modulation. The input voltage range of each PV source was selected to be 25 V to 40 V and the output voltage was regulated at 200 V DC. Experimental results are closely matching the theoretical analysis.
A Critical Connectivity Radius for Segmenting Randomly-Generated, High Dimensional Data Points.

Motivated by a $2$-dimensional (unsupervised) image segmentation task whereby local regions of pixels are clustered via edge detection methods, a more general probabilistic mathematical framework is devised. Critical thresholds are calculated that indicate strong correlation between randomly-generated, high dimensional data points that have been projected into structures in a partition of a bounded, $2$-dimensional area, of which, an image is a special case. A neighbor concept for structures in the partition is defined and a critical radius is uncovered. Measured from a central structure in localized regions of the partition, the radius indicates strong, long and short range correlation in the count of occupied structures. The size of a short interval of radii is estimated upon which the transition from short-to-long range correlation is virtually assured, which defines a demarcation of when an image ceases to be "interesting".
Abstract PO-037: Development of an RGD CRISPR-modified Clostridium novyi NT spores as an intravenous oncotherapy

The efficacy of current oncotherapeutics is largely limited by an inability to access avascular tissues, which is in part responsible for forty years of stagnant pancreatic cancer statistics where the median survival remains a mere six months. Oncolytic bacteria such as Clostridium novyi-NT overcome this challenge with its ultrasensitive, innate affinity for hypoxic/necrotic areas found at the center of solid tumors and their metastases. While preclinical and clinical data from intratumoral injections of C. novyi-NT are promising, many tumors are inaccessible to such injections. Preclinical trials of analogous IV injections have uncovered other obstacles such as rapid clearance of C. novyi-NT by the immune system independent of septic complications. To mitigate rapid clearance, CRISPR/Cas9n was used to genetically modify a non-toxic form of C. novyi-NT to express a tumor targeting RGD peptide on the spore surface. Through this novel, first of its kind, methodology, spores with stronger affinity to a surface coated with the targeted binding partner of RGD, aVb3 integrin, have been generated. Importantly, there was no statistically significant difference in the genetically modified spore’s capacity for sporulation or germination when compared to unmodified C. novyi-NT spores, nor was a difference in lytic capacity observed, suggesting no relevant off-target effects from genomic modification. Biodistribution and efficacy of non-toxic RGD-modified spores was evaluated in an immunocompetent, syngeneic, pancreatic cancer murine model. Ongoing efforts to characterize the biodistribution and efficacy of the intravenously injected RGD-modified C. novyi-NT include the application of multiplex immunofluorescence, laser microdissection, and live, whole animal imaging. Supported as a pilot project by funds from NIH COBRE grant 1P20GM109024, Doctoral Dissertation Funds to KMD from NDSU, and by discretionary funds from investigators at UNMC. Citation Format: Kaitlin M. Dailey, Krysten Vance, Kyle McAndrews, Reed I. Jacobson, Jandro Delgado, Paige R. Johnson, Taylor M. Woolery, Megan Orr, Jiha Kim, Sanku Mallik, Kenneth W. Bayles, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Amanda E. Brooks. Development of an RGD CRISPR-modified Clostridium novyi NT spores as an intravenous oncotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-037.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Arodyn, a Novel Dynorphin A-(1–11) Analogue

The opioid receptors, mu (μ), kappa (κ) and delta (δ), are widely distributed throughout the peripheral and central nervous system. When activated, the opioid receptors attenuate the transmission of pain signals to the spinal cord. Dynorphin A, an endogenous agonist at κ receptors, shares a common N-terminal “message” sequence (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe) with most mammalian opioid peptides and has a unique C-terrninal “address” sequence [1]. The “message” sequence has been reported to be important for k activation, while the “address” sequence is designated as the potency-enhancing domain [1].
Nucleus accumbens involvement in latent inhibition

In previous chapters we described the effect of DA manipulations and hippocampal lesions and on LI. In the present chapter, we show how Schmajuk, Cox, and Gray (2001) applied the SLG model to the characterization of the effect of lesions of different subregions of the NAC and their interactions with manipulations of the DA system.
Regulatory mutants of simian virus 40. Effect of mutations at a T antigen binding site on DNA replication and expression of viral genes.

Abstract We have characterized a series of simian virus 40 (SV40) mutants with defined deletions or base-pair substitutions in the viral regulatory region near the origin of DNA replication. This segment of DNA is thought to contain three binding sites of differing affinity for the SV40 early protein, large T antigen, which is involved in initiation of viral DNA replication and autoregulation of early gene expression. Cells infected with viruses containing mutations in the high affinity binding site I were found to have a moderate, generally cold-sensitive defect in viral DNA replication and late protein synthesis that correlates with the temperature-dependence of their plaque size. In addition, the mutants overproduce early RNA and T antigen at various temperatures, suggesting a defect in autoregulation of early gene transcription. These changes appear to be related to T antigen functions at the binding site, since a second-site mutation in the T antigen gene restores viral DNA replication and gene expression to normal. Moreover, regulatory segments from mutant DNAs show decreased in vitro binding of T antigen to the high affinity site I. We conclude that T antigen binding to site I is involved in autoregulation of early gene transcription but is not essential for viral DNA replication. These properties contrast with previously reported properties of site II mutants, some of which show marked defects in viral DNA replication.
Designing for signal integrity in wave-pipelined SOC global interconnects

This paper discusses the importance of wave-pipelining to enhance throughput performance and maintain good signal integrity on global interconnects in a system-on-chip (SOC). It is shown that wave-pipelining results in 50% reduction in the active line overshoot voltage and 75% reduction in the quiet line crosstalk voltage as compared to a single driver interconnect in the presence of severe inductive coupling. A clock-skew-insensitive receiver circuit to synchronize the communication on wave-pipelined interconnects between different clock domains in SOC is also proposed and validated with HSPICE
Statistics of Radiation Counting

As mentioned in previous chapters, radioactive decay is a random process, and therefore one can expect fluctuations in the measurement of radioactivity. The detailed discussion of the statistical treatment of radioactive measurements is beyond the scope of this book. Only the salient points of statistics related to radiation counting are given here.
Über das Wesen der formativen Reizung

Die Zellularphysiologie hat den Nachweis gefuhrt, das die Neubildung von Geweben und Organen nur aus Zellen entsteht, und zwar auf dem Wege der Kern- und Zellteilung. Die Umstande, welche Zellen veranlassen, sich zu teilen und sich zu neuen normalen oder pathologischen Geweben zu entwickeln, bezeichnet man seit Virchow mit dem Ausdruck der formativen Reize. Die Aufgabe der modernen Biologie besteht darin, festzustellen, erstens, was die Natur dieser Reize ist, und zweitens, welche Anderung in der Zelle bei der formativen Reizung vor sich geht. Schon Virchow betonte, das die Befruchtung des Eies das Vorbild aller formativen Reizungsprozesse sei, und das das Spermatozoon als der formative Reiz in diesem Falle angesehen werden konne.
The Composition and Morphology of Amphiboles from the Rainy Creek Complex, Near Libby, Montana

Thirty samples of amphibole-rich rock from the largest mined vermiculite deposit in the world in the Rainy Creek alkaline-ultramafic complex near Libby, Montana, were collected and analyzed. The amphibole-rich rock is the suspected cause of an abnormally high number of asbestos-related diseases reported in the residents of Libby, and in former mine and mill workers. The amphibole-rich samples were analyzed to determine composition and morphology of both fibrous and non-fibrous amphiboles. Sampling was carried out across the accessible portions of the deposit to obtain as complete a representation of the distribution of amphibole types as possible. The range of amphibole compositions, determined from electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, indicates the presence of winchite, richterite, tremolite, and magnesioriebeckite. The amphiboles from Vermiculite Mountain show nearly complete solid solution between these end-member compositions. Magnesio-arfvedsonite and edenite may also be present in low abundance. An evaluation of the textural characteristics of the amphiboles shows the material to include a complete range of morphologies from prismatic crystals to asbestiform fibers. The morphology of the majority of the material is intermediate between these two varieties. All of the amphiboles, with the possible exception of magnesioriebeckite, can occur in fibrous or asbestiform habit. The Vermiculite Mountain amphiboles, even when originally present as massive material, can produce abundant, extremely fine fibers by gentle abrasion or crushing.
Energy Sources in Laparoscopy

Traditional monopolar and bipolar electrosurgery remain very useful in laparoscopic surgery. The need for meticulous hemostasis and the tedium of vessel ligation in advanced cases has propelled the development of new energy source devices that have proved to be remarkably helpful in both laparoscopic and open surgery. Energy sources in the form of argon beam coagulation, ultrasonic coagulation, and bipolar vessel sealing systems have revolutionized laparoscopic surgery. Although each of these energy sources has improved the efficiency and safety of minimally invasive techniques, they can also be associated with distressing complications. This report describes the biophysics of these tools, their spectrum of effectiveness, and methods of application that may improve our ability to perform surgery in a safe and proficient manner.
Raman Scattering from Magnetoplasma Waves in Semiconductors

A general theory has been developed for Raman scattering from magnetoplasma waves in semiconductors with arbitrary band structure. The method used is an extension of that previously developed to explain the mixed plasmon-phonon scattering in GaAs. We assume that (1) the excitation of the magnetoplasma mode takes place via single-particle excitations of the electron system by the incident light wave and (2) the magnetoplasma wave is coupled to the single-particle excitations by the vector potential of its electromagnetic field, which in thermal equilibrium is determined by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the system under consideration. In the limit where the Raman frequency shift is small compared to the incident frequency, it is possible to make contact with phenomenological theory. For wave vector and dc magnetic field sufficiently small for quantum effects to be neglected, the theory predicts three principal phenomenological scattering mechanisms: free carrier fluctuations, electro-optic effect, and magneto-optic effect.
Dynamic soil-structure interaction by numerical Laplace transform

Abstract The dynamic response of general discrete and certain continuous linear systems to earthquake excitation including the effect of soil-structure interaction is obtained with the aid of the Laplace transform with respect to time. Application of the Laplace transform on the finite element equations of motion for a discrete system, directly or in conjunction with modal analysis, reduces them to a system of algebraic equations which are solved numerically in the transform domain. The Laplace transformed equations of motion for beam structures with a continuous distribution of mass are constructed in a finite element fashion with the aid of transformed dynamic stiffness coefficients and are solved numerically to yield the transformed solution. The system response in both cases is obtained by a numerical inversion of the transformed solution. Illustrative numerical examples are presented and the advantage-disadvantages of the Laplace transform technique are discussed.
E‐shopping lovers and fearful conservatives: a market segmentation analysis

Purpose – To classify internet users into holiday shopper and non‐shopper segments, and to profile the demographic, psychographic, and computer use characteristics of each segment.Design/methodology/approach – Self‐report data come from a national US sample of online internet users. Segments are customer revealed using traditional cluster analysis. Lifestyle measures are reduced to higher order measures using factor analysis. Profiles are analyzed via descriptive statistics, graphs, and radar charts.Findings – Six important segments are identified in the data. Three of the segments characterize customers who resist online shopping, even though they engage in other online activities. Security fears and technological incompetence typically inhibit these users from engaging in electronic exchange. Some internet users simply choose not to shop online. Three of the segments describe active e‐shoppers who are driven by a unique desire to socialize, minimize inconvenience, and maximize value.Research limitations...
Cyclic hardening of copper single crystals

Cyclic hardening of copper single crystals was investigated at room temperature at stress amplitudes corresponding to stages II and III of the monotonic work-hardening.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Polyploidization as a Biomarker for Aging and Its Impact on Differential Gene Expression

Polyploidy is characterized by a greater than diploid content of DNA in a cell. Previous measurements of ploidy level in different organs of humans and rodents, including the aorta, indicated an increase in old versus young. We hypothesized that aortic vascular smooth muscle polyploidy is a biomarker for aging and that the augmented DNA dosage affects selective gene-specific transcript expression. Our results demonstrate that tetraploidy increases exponentially over the life span of the animal, serving as an indicator of age. Approximately 60% of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the thoracic aorta of 36-month-old Brown Norway rats are tetraploid compared with 8% in their 3-month-old counterparts. Microarray analysis and reverse transcriptase-PCR was performed with mRNA isolated from sorted diploid (2N) and tetraploid (4N) vascular smooth muscle cells from old rats to identify differentially expressed transcripts. For the majority of detectable transcripts, an increase in DNA content led to a proportional increase in mRNA. A select group of transcripts, however, were reduced in tetraploid compared with diploid cells. These mRNAs correspond to guanine deaminase, to the matrix proteins rat glypican 3 (OCI-5) and decorin, as well as to the inflammation-associated transcripts, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 precursor, macrophage galactose N-acetylgalactoseamine-specific lectin, and complement component C4. Our study is the first to describe aortic ploidy level as a biomarker for aging and to indicate that changes associated with increased DNA content per cell may selectively suppress the expression of specific genes.
Prediction of heat transfer coefficient from an immersed surface in a slurry bubble column

Abstract Recently Saxena et al. reported heat transfer data for an electrically heated 19.0 mm diameter vertical probe immersed in a bubble column of 10.8 cm internal diameter containing two- and three-phase systems. These heat transfer coefficient values for air - water, air - water - glass bead, and air - water - magnetite systems are employed to assess the available model based and empirical expressions. An empirical correlation which represents all the data adequately is developed and proposed for the estimation of heat transfer values necessary for the design and scaleup of industrial units.