cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of quaternary ammonium salts between chloroform and water

The apparent partition coefficients, K app ., of some alkylsulfate salts of six quaternary ammonium compounds and one tertiary amine are reported. The K app ., of the corresponding bisulfate salts were determined by extrapolation. Some comparisons of molecular structures to the K app ., are discussed. A method of analysis of the quaternary cations in the presence of long chain anions is reported. The relationship of longer crystal spacings of the sodium salts of alkylsulfates to the molecular weight is shown.
A systems study to determine the attractiveness of solar system sites for eventual human exploration

A pre-phase A idea-generation team at the-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has conducted a study to rank notable locations in the solar system based on attractiveness for human exploration. The process used to perform the study was composed of the following primary steps: determination of ranking criteria (including value, cost, and risk criteria) upon which to rate sites in the solar system; weighting of the criteria based upon importance to eventual human exploration; selection of candidate sites to consider and assignment of team members to the task of advocating the benefits of particular sites; rating the sites in both the short- and long-term based on team member presentations and team discussions; compilation of scores derived from an average of the individual ratings for each weighted criterion. Finally, a comparison of the total scores of different sites was made to determine a ranking of all the bodies and solar system sites included in the study. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine how criteria weightings affect the rankings. Criteria and methods used may be valuable in determining future exploration strategies. Insight may also be gained from some potentially surprising rankings.
Can a comprehensive lymphedema management program decrease limb size and reduce the incidence of infection in a woman with postmastectomy lymphedema

A 57-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer was referred to our clinic for treatment of lymphedema in the right upper extremity. Cancer was detected originally in her right breast in 1996, and she was treated surgically by lumpectomy at that time. The cancer recurred, however, and she underwent a right radical mastectomy in July 1999. The mastectomy was followed by a series of irradiation treatments to the right axilla, starting in September 1999 and ending in December 1999. She also has been receiving tamoxifen (Nolvadex) continuously since the mastectomy (20 mg administered orally once per day). Over the past year, the patient developed 3 infections in her right upper extremity. She described these infections as “painful, fiery red blotches” that covered various areas of her upper thorax, arm, forearm, and hand. These infections were usually treated by oral administration of penicillin (eg, penicillin V, 250 mg 3 times each day). I examined this patient and found a noticeable increase in the size of her right upper extremity. Limb girth was measured at 11 standard sites, and, in terms of the total girth difference, the right upper extremity was 51 cm greater than the left upper extremity. The patient also reported feelings of tightness and heaviness in the right upper extremity, and muscle force and joint range of motion were reduced throughout the upper extremity, especially at the shoulder (eg, she could actively flex her shoulder only to 80 degrees). The increase in limb size was consistent with chronic lymphedema secondary to a radical mastectomy. This lymphedema was very upsetting to the patient, and she stated that she did not want “people staring at my arm all the time.” The patient also wanted to reduce the size of her upper extremity to help increase function and, if possible, help …
Social Work in a Digital Age: Ethical and Risk Management Challenges

Digital, online, and other electronic technology has transformed the nature of social work practice. Contemporary social workers can provide services to clients by using online counseling, telephone counseling, video counseling, cybertherapy (avatar therapy), self-guided Web-based interventions, electronic social networks, e-mail, and text messages. The introduction of diverse digital, online, and other forms of electronic social services has created a wide range of complex ethical and related risk management issues. This article provides an overview of current digital, online, and electronic social work services; identifies compelling ethical issues related to practitioner competence, client privacy and confidentiality, informed consent, conflicts of interest, boundaries and dual relationships, consultation and client referral, termination and interruption of services, documentation, and research evidence; and offers practical risk management strategies designed to protect clients and social workers. The author identifies relevant standards from the NASW Code of Ethics and other resources designed to guide practice.
Desorption of 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene from Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Impact of Solution Chemistry and Surface Chemistry.

The strong affinity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to environmental contaminants has raised serious concern that CNTs may function as a carrier of environmental pollutants and lead to contamination in places where the environmental pollutants are not expected. However, this concern will not be realized until the contaminants are desorbed from CNTs. It is well recognized that the desorption of environmental pollutants from pre-laden CNTs varies with the environmental conditions, such as the solution pH and ionic strength. However, comprehensive investigation on the influence of solution chemistry on the desorption process has not been carried out, even though numerous investigations have been conducted to investigate the impact of solution chemistry on the adsorption of environmental pollutants on CNTs. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of solution chemistry (e.g., pH, ionic strength) and surface functionalization on the desorption of preloaded 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB) from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The results suggested that higher pH, ionic strength and natural organic matter in solution generally led to higher desorption of 1,3,5-TCB from MWNTs. However, the extent of change varied at different values of the tested parameters (e.g., pH 7). In addition, the impact of these parameters varied with MWNTs possessing different surface functional groups, suggesting that surface functionalization could considerably alter the environmental behaviors and impact of MWNTs.
Self-organization of color opponent receptive fields and laterally connected orientation maps

Long-range lateral connections in the primary visual cortex (V1) are known to link neurons with similar orientation preferences, but it is not yet known how color-selective cells are connected. Using a self-organizing model of V1 with natural color image input, we show that realistic color-selective receptive fields, color maps, and orientation maps develop. Connections between orientation-selective cells match previous experimental results, and the model predicts that color-selective cells will primarily connect to other cells with similar chromatic preferences. These findings suggest that a single self-organizing system may underlie the development of orientation selectivity, color selectivity, and lateral connectivity.
Time resolved XUV spectroscopy from highly ionized capillary discharges

The authors have carried out time-resolved measurements of the axial emission from capillary plasmas 500 mu m in diameter and several centimeters in length, excited by short (50-100 ns FWHM) discharge pulses. Extreme-ultraviolet spectra with 5-ns resolution in a single discharge shot are obtained using a 1-m-focal-length vacuum spectrograph. Analysis of the axial spectra from a 500- mu m diameter lithium hydride capillary shows simultaneous line emission from highly ionized (Li III, O VI) and single-ionized (O II) species. The data indicate the existence of a hot core plasma (T/sub e/>25 eV) surrounded by a significantly cooler ( >
A Comparison of Item Sampling Plans in the Application of Multiple Matrix Sampling

This study used a Monte Carlo approach to investigate the effect of item sampling by item stratification on parameter estimation when applying multiple matrix sampling to achievement data. From the results of this study it was concluded that the item sampling method and sampling plan which is a practical compromise in terms of precision and sample size is one based on item stratification by item discrimination and a sampling plan with a moderate number of subtests. This sampling condition provides reasonable precision of the mean and variance estimates but requires only a moderately sized sample.
Party Realignment and the Transformation of the Political Agenda: The House of Representatives, 1925—1938*

According to Walter Dean Burnham, party realignments “result in significant transformation in the general shape of policy.” Through the analysis of House roll-call data, the New Deal realignment is examined to determine whether, in fact, a significant transformation took place and, if so, what its characteristics were. It was hypothesized that if a new political agenda emerged at that time, at least some of the stable policy dimensions which Aage Clausen finds as characterizing the modern Congress should have developed during the New Deal period. In terms of content and level of partisan voting evoked, the government management and the agricultural policy dimensions do take their modern form during the New Deal. A social welfare dimension developed but had not, by the late 1930s, taken its modern shape. It is argued that a major transformation of policy did take place and that, in the process, the ideological distance between the parties increased. This realignment, however, did not immediately change regional voting patterns within each party.
Invasion History, Proliferation, and Offshore Diet of the Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus in Western Lake Huron, USA

We used data from three trawl surveys during 1996–2003 to document range expansion, population trends, and use of offshore habitats by round gobies in the U.S. waters of Lake Huron. Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) were not detected in any survey until 1997, but by 2003 they had been recorded at 18 of the 28 sites sampled. The only areas not colonized were offshore habitats in northern Lake Huron. Round goby abundance increased during 1997–2001, thereafter overall abundance either increased (offshore) or became variable (near shore and Saginaw Bay). Mean lengths varied among surveys primarily due to high abundance of age-0 gobies in Saginaw Bay samples. Round gobies were found up to 34 km offshore at depths of 73 m. Round gobies consumed a wide range of invertebrate prey, but focused on dreissenids in shallow water (27–46 m), and native invertebrates at greater depths. The pattern of round goby dispersal was consistent with a pattern of simultaneous initial introductions at shipping ports followed by natural dispersal, and lake wide population size has probably not stabilized.
Towards a Specification Prototype for Hierarchy-Driven Attack Patterns

We propose the characteristics of a software tool that leverages specifying attack pattern details in understandable hierarchies. These hierarchies are currently manually populated from the vast CAPEC dictionary which consume an excessive amount of human resources and are wrought with the possibility of user error. Such a software tool will not only automate the population of these attack pattern hierarchies, but also provide system prerequisite information and suggested mitigation strategies for the system under design. The combination of system prerequisites, possible attack patterns, and necessary mitigation strategies gives system designers and developers a checklist-like artifact to consider as development moves from the design phase to the implementation phase.
On the Accuracy of Shape Sensitivity Derivatives

Six methods for calculating shape sensitivity derivatives are compared for a two-material beam problem with a moving interface. It is found that as the finite-element mesh is refined, displacement sensitivity derivatives converge more slowly that the displacement themselves. Five of the methods agree fairly well, but the adjoint variational surface method provides substantially different results. However, the difference is found to reflect convergence from another direction to the same answer, rather than reduced accuracy.
Internal-external Locus of Control and Perception of Authority Figures

To investigate differences between Internals' and Externals' characteristic views of figures in authority, the Authority Figure Perception Test, a paper-and-pencil test, was constructed (scale reli...
Drought triggered tree mortality in mixed conifer forests in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Tree mortality is an important process causing forest structural and compositional change. In this study, we investigate the influence of drought and topography on recent patterns of tree mortality in old-growth mixed conifer forests in Yosemite National Park, located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of northern California, USA. The surveyed stands have experienced a century of fire exclusion and are dominated by associations of Pinus ponderosa, Calocedrus decurrens and Abies concolor. The average age of trees in the stands was 88 years. We sought answers to the following questions: (1) Do periods of high tree mortality correspond with drought? (2) Do spatial and temporal patterns of high tree mortality vary by slope aspect? and (3) Do different tree species exhibit similar temporal and spatial patterns of tree mortality? We identified temporal patterns of tree mortality on three north- and south-facing slopes by determining the death date of trees using dendrochronology. Tree death date frequency was then compared by slope aspect and to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and April snowpack depth as measures of growing season water availability. The frequency of tree death dates was negatively correlated with annual and seasonal PDSI and April snowpack depth, and more trees died in years with below normal PDSI and snowpack. Correlations between tree mortality and drought were evident only for multi-year periods (2‐5 years). Temporal patterns of tree death were similar on north- and south-facing slopes and among species, but the density of dead trees was higher on north than south slopes. Dense stand conditions caused by fire suppression, and the coincident outbreak of bark beetles during drought, may have limited any buffering effect of topography on tree mortality. Drought induced tree mortality in mixed conifer forests in Yosemite National Park highlights the importance of both historical legacies such as fire suppression and exogenous controls such as climate as drivers of vegetation change. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Problems in robotic vision

The problems and choices that are faced when designing an automated vision system are examined. The tradeoffs between the different choices are considered. Particular attention is given to digitization and sampling, the preprocessing of digital images, histograms, threshold adoption/contrast stretching, edge and boundary detection, and search methods. >
A simple optimal power flow model with energy storage

The integration of renewable energy generation, such as wind power, into the electric grid is difficult because of the source intermittency and the large distance between generation sites and users. This difficulty can be overcome through a transmission network with large-scale storage that not only transports power, but also mitigates against fluctuations in generation and supply. We formulate an optimal power flow problem with storage as a finite-horizon optimal control problem. We prove, for the special case with a single generator and a single load, that the optimal generation schedule will cross the time-varying demand profile at most once, from above. This means that the optimal policy will generate more than demand initially in order to charge up the battery, and then generate less than the demand and use the battery to supplement generation in final stages. This is a consequence of the fact that the marginal storage cost-to-go decreases in time.
Historical Perspectives on Invariant Measurement: Guttman, Rasch, and Mokken

The purpose of this study is to describe how Guttman, Rasch, and Mokken approached issues related to invariant measurement. These measurement theorists were chosen to illustrate the evolution of our conceptualizations of invariant measurement during the 20th century within the research tradition of item response theory. Item response theory can be viewed as consisting of nonparametric and parametric scaling models. Invariant measurement consists of requirements related to the item-invariant measurement of individuals, and the sample-invariant calibration of items. Guttman was selected to represent a nonparametric approach to invariant measurement based on a deterministic scaling model, whereas Rasch was selected to represent a parametric approach based on a probabilistic model. Mokken presents a nonparametric approach based on a probabilistic model. Mokken combines aspects of Guttman Scaling with Rasch measurement theory, and provides a nonparametric framework for examining Rasch's requirements for invari...
Are simulation and didactic crisis resource management (CRM) training synergistic

Simulation may have an additive component to classroom style training, at least in the short term Full environment simulation is achieving wide adoption despite weak evidence of its impact on outcome. It is doing so because it has strong face validity, creates much enthusiasm from both students and teachers, and because it is what other high hazard industries do to mitigate errors and to create and maintain a culture of safety. Yet most of us working with simulation technologies and techniques generally try to maintain our objectivity. We ask ourselves if it really does what we think it does, how much fidelity is needed to achieve our educational goals, and how we weigh the costs and benefits. When we are using it for non-technical training such as improving teamwork, we want to understand how it should be used to meet the real objective—creating real lasting behavior and culture changes that will make health care more effective and safer. The paper in this issue of QSHC by Shapiro and colleagues1 demonstrates a model for using …
Synthesis and Characterization of Pd Complexes of a Carbazolyl/Bis(Imine) NNN Pincer Ligand

A serendipitously discovered construction of a carbazole nucleus by lithiation of N-methylated bis(4-methyl-2,6-dibromophenyl)amine is described. It was used to synthesize an NNN pincer-type ligand that combines a central carbazole site (N-methylated in the precursor ligand) with two flanking aldimine donors bearing mesityl substituents. The installation of this ligand on Pd was accomplished via an N-Me cleaving reaction with (COD)PdCl(2) producing MeCl and (NNN)PdCl (where NNN is an anionic carbazolyl/bis(imine) pincer ligand). Several (NNN)PdX complexes were characterized spectroscopically. (NNN)PdOTf ((-)OTf = triflate or (-)O(3)SCF(3)) readily reacted with stoichiometric amounts of water in benzene or dichloromethane to give a cationic water adduct [(NNN)Pd(OH(2))]OTf. An X-ray diffraction study on a single crystal of (NNN)PdCl revealed an almost perfectly square planar environment about Pd and an almost perfectly planar carbazole/bis(imine) conjugated system. Cyclic voltammetry of (NNN)PdCl showed quasi-reversible oxidation at E(1/2) = 0.72 V vs Fc/Fc(+) which is most likely ligand-based.
Computer Mediated Telecommunications and Pre-College Education: A Retrospect

The appearance of applications software (word processing, spreadsheets, etc.) in elementary and secondary classrooms marked the beginning of the second generation of computer usage in these settings. One such use of these applications is computer mediated telecommunications which have become accessible to schools and school systems through the availability of low cost hardware (modems) and improved compatibility between telecommunications software and applications software now used in schools. A number of pilot projects have brought the promise of increased information sharing, collaborative learning, and a reduction of the isolation experienced by teachers and students through the use of electronic mail and electronic conferencing. Four of these projects are reviewed, focusing on their problems and successes. Suggestions for future applications of evolving computer mediated telecommunications technologies to elementary and secondary education are offered and questions for further study are suggested.
New directions in cancer therapy based on aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids: anti-adhesion and ortho-signaling therapy.

Essentially all tumors express aberrantly glycosylated glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins, more commonly known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens." In this article I propose two new forms of cancer therapy, anti-adhesion therapy and ortho-signaling therapy, which exploit these tumor-associated carbohydrates in distinct ways. The aim of anti-adhesion therapy is to disrupt the requisite carbohydrate-initiated interactions that occur between tumor cells and other cell types (e.g., endothelial cells, platelets) as tumors progress and metastasize. Candidate anti-adhesion agents include purified carbohydrates or glycosphingolipids representing H, Ley, sialosyl-Lex (or -Lea) GM3, or LacCer antigens, and monoclonal antibodies directed to these structures. The aim of ortho-signaling therapy is to disrupt mitogenic signaling pathways in tumor cells that are regulated by glycosphingolipids and/or their derivatives, including pathways involving receptor protein-kinases and protein kinase C. Candidate ortho-signaling agents are the glycosphingolipid regulator PDMP (1-phenyl-2-[decanoylamino]-3-morpholino-1-propanol) and the protein kinase C inhibitor DMS (N,N-dimethylsphingosine), both of which show antitumor activity in vitro and in animal studies.
Contingency Contractor Optimization Phase 3 Sustainment Database Design Document - Contingency Contractor Optimization Tool - Prototype

This document describes the final software design of the Contingency Contractor Optimization Tool - Prototype. Its purpose is to provide the overall architecture of the software and the logic behind this architecture. Documentation for the individual classes is provided in the application Javadoc. The Contingency Contractor Optimization project is intended to address Department of Defense mandates by delivering a centralized strategic planning tool that allows senior decision makers to quickly and accurately assess the impacts, risks, and mitigation strategies associated with utilizing contract support. The Contingency Contractor Optimization Tool - Prototype was developed in Phase 3 of the OSD ATL Contingency Contractor Optimization project to support strategic planning for contingency contractors. The planning tool uses a model to optimize the Total Force mix by minimizing the combined total costs for selected mission scenarios. The model optimizes the match of personnel types (military, DoD civilian, and contractors) and capabilities to meet mission requirements as effectively as possible, based on risk, cost, and other requirements.
Generation of axi-symmetric body shapes in subsonic flow by means of polynomial distributions of sources and doublets along the axis of symmetry

A method is presented for determining the potential flow around bodies of revolution, at incidence, in uniform, incompressible, flow. This method utilises polynomial distributions of both sources and doublets, in the manner of Fuhrmann, and gives considerable advantage over existing techniques. In particular, when compared with the method of Nielsen, in a typical case, the computer storage requirement is reduced by a factor of eleven. Compared with panel methods the saving is very much greater. Unlike the method of Landweber, both body surface and flow field conditions are obtainable and it would appear that the new method is ideally suited to the ‘store trajectory’ application in place of the existing discrete source method.
Optimization of I/O Intensive Genome Assemblies on the Cori Supercomputer with Burst Buffer

Since the development of next generation sequencing technologies, genome assembly has become one of the most computational and I/O intensive analyses done on the genomic data. The flood of genomic sequence data has increased the demand for more efficient genome assembly workflows. One of the assemblers being used for this purpose, Falcon, a long fragment sequence assembler, has several parts that are very I/O intensive as they read and write many files to disk. While the computationally expensive parts of assembly are more efficient with Falcon than other assemblers, the I/O while reading and writing files to disk is a bottleneck. It has been observed that the wall clock runtime of the Falcon pipeline can be reduced by copying data files to local disk rather than rely on the Lustre parallel file system or NFS. Making a higher bandwidth available to the application should allow the application to read/write a large amount of data faster, such that I/O is not a bottleneck for genome assembly. In this article, we investigate using the NERSC's Cori, Cray XC40 supercomputer, to improve the runtimes of genome assemblies at the Joint Genome Institute. We find that Cori gives a significant runtime improvement over the older high-performance computing cluster when running I/O intensive genome assemblies. This confirms the benefits of running assemblies on Cori. Using a local disk on a cluster node also results in a runtime improvement as expected. However, the Burst Buffer technology that is meant to act as local disk for Cori did not give a significant improvement. This was due to the nature of I/O with Falcon that involves writing many small files rather than one very large file.
The Effect of Obesity On Outcome of Unrelated Cord Blood Transplant in Children with Malignant Diseases.

Abstract 2278 Poster Board II-255 Obesity has become a pandemic in the US, affecting both children and adults. In the adult population, evidence suggests that obesity has an adverse impact on outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplant for various malignancies. We investigated the influence of obesity on children undergoing unrelated cord blood transplant utilizing data from the Cord Blood Transplant Study. To our knowledge, no data exists on the effect obesity has on key prognostic indicators for cord blood transplant for malignant diseases in children. There were 191 patients 918 years of age with malignant diseases prospectively enrolled on a National Heart Lung Blood Institute (NHLBI) sponsored cord blood transplant study between 1999 and 2003. Data set was obtained after signed agreement with the NHLBI and local IRB approval. All patients received myeloablative preparative regimens with either total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide (N=172) or busulfan and melphalan (N=19). In addition, all patients received anti-thymocyte globulin as part of their conditioning regimens. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine and prednisone. Children were classified into groups according to body mass index (BMI) percentile. Normal weight was defined as BMI between the 5 th and 85 th percentile, overweight between the 85 th and 95 th percentile, obesity above 95 th percentile for age and gender according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. For the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS), the Cox regression model was used to test the effect of BMI while controlling for age, gender, performance status ( 7 /kg (range 0.15-80.9 × 10 7 /kg). Of the 191 total patients who were classified by their BMI percentiles, 117 patients (61%) were normal weight, 35 patients (18%) were overweight and 39 patients (20%) were obese. The two groups were not significantly different in sex distribution (p=0.25), diagnosis (p=0.13), performance status (p=0.91), median TNC received (p=0.49) or CMV status (p=0.47). Obese patients were significantly younger with a median age of 5.7 years compared to 8.9 years in normal weight children (p=0.002). Time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment, TRM, risk of grade II-IV acute GVHD, DFS and OS were not significantly different in overweight or obese patients compared to normal weight patients. There was a trend towards increased risk of chronic GVHD in obese patients (p=0.045) compared to normal weight patients. In conclusion, obesity has no significant effect on multiple outcomes after unrelated cord blood transplant in children with malignant diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effects of sexual assault on alcohol use and consequences among young adult sexual minority women.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of sexual assault victimization on later typical alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences among young sexual minority women (SMW). METHOD: Data were collected over 4 annual assessments from a national sample of 1,057 women who identified as lesbian or bisexual and were 18- to 25-years-old at baseline. Marginal structural modeling, an analytic approach that accounts for time-varying confounding through the use of inverse probability weighting, was used to examine effects of sexual assault and its severity (none, moderate, severe) on typical weekly number of drinks consumed and number of alcohol-related consequences 1-year later as well as 2-year cumulative sexual assault severity on alcohol outcomes at 36-month follow-up. RESULTS: Findings showed that compared with not experiencing any sexual assault, severe sexual assault at the prior assessment was associated with a 71% higher number of typical weekly drinks (count ratio [CR] = 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.27, 2.31]) and 63% higher number of alcohol-related consequences (CR = 1.63; 95% CI [1.21, 2.20]). Effects were attenuated when comparing moderate to no sexual assault; however, the linear trend across sexual assault categories was statistically significant for both outcomes. There were also effects of cumulative levels of sexual assault severity over 2 years on increased typical drinking and alcohol-related consequences at end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault may be an important cause of alcohol misuse among SMW. These findings further highlight the need for strategies to reduce the risk of sexual assault among SMW. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome

To describe clinical features and outcomes of seven patients with pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the setting of underlying primary Sjogren's syndrome from a single center, we reviewed medical records of consecutive patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma evaluated at our facility from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2015 for clinical features, laboratory, pathologic and radiographic findings, management, and outcomes. Out of 13 patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma, 7 (54 %) met the criteria for Sjogren's syndrome. The mean age at lymphoma diagnosis was 66 years; male-female ratio was 1:6. One-third of patients were asymptomatic at the time lymphoma was discovered. When symptomatic, patients reported nonspecific pulmonary complaints such as cough and dyspnea. All patients had positive antinuclear antibody and anti-SSA/Ro antibody. Rheumatoid factor was positive in six cases. A monoclonal gammopathy was present in three patients; the remaining four had polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The radiologic, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of primary Sjogren's syndrome-associated pulmonary MALT lymphomas did not differ significantly from pulmonary MALT lymphoma cases in general. All treatment modalities used resulted in complete and sustained response. One patient died 11 years after initial diagnosis with no lymphoma but of another cause. The remaining six patients are still alive and disease-free to date. The present series confirms the favorable course of pulmonary MALT lymphoma in Sjogren's patients. The overall imaging and pathologic features are in accordance with pulmonary MALT lymphoma not associated with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Further studies should be carried out in order to better understand pulmonary MALT lymphomagenesis, treatment, and outcomes in Sjogren's patients.
Operational Safety Considerations

Underwater activity confronts man with forces and resulting physiological effects that are not encountered in his normal terrestrial environment. “These forces impose definite limits and can cause serious accidents. The diver’s safety depends upon his knowledge of these factors and his ability to recognize and handle them” (U. S. Navy 1970).
Insulin-Sensitizing Drugs for the Treatment of Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by anovulation and early pregnancy loss. A key component of PCOS is the presence of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which has an important role in the pathogenesis of infertility. As a result, insulinsensitizing agents such as metformin and thiazolinediones have been studied in women with PCOS with the goal of improving ovulation.
Linear Approaches for Nonlinear Modeling

This chapter briefly introduces some important linear approaches for solving nonlinear modeling problems in chemometrics, including locally weighted regression, radial basis function neural networks, radial basis function partial least squares, and neural fuzzy systems. Their characteristics and strengths are compared and discussed through an illustrative example.
Neurofilaments: A Review and Update

For decades neuroanatomists have been familiar with a distinctive fibrillar appearance of large mammalian axons after treatment of nervous tissue with various silver stains. These structures were aptly referred to as “neurofibrils.” It was only relatively recently through combined efforts utilizing electron microscopic, biochemical, and immunological methodologies that these well-known structures have been more precisely defined and characterized. Today we refer to these “neurofibrils” as neurofilaments. The goal of this chapter is to review our current knowledge and understanding of neurofilaments in the context of normal cell function.
Impact of Delayed Oral Vancomycin for Severe Clostridium difficile Infection.

Background: Treatment of severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with oral vancomycin (VAN) is known to be superior to treatment with metronidazole (MDZ). However, previous studies have not ev...
Effects of trivalent dopants on phase stability and catalytic activity of YBaCo4O7-based cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells

In order to understand the doping and co-doping effects of trivalent cations (Al3+, Ga3+, and Fe3+) in the swedenborgite oxide YBaCo4O7 as a cathode in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), four series of YBaCo4O7-based materials, including YBaCo4−xAlxO7+δ, YBaCo4−x−yGaxAlyO7+δ, YBaCo3.2Ga0.8−xFexO7+δ, and YBaCo3.5−xAl0.5FexO7+δ, have been synthesized and investigated. The long-term phase stability has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction after the samples were annealed at 600–800 °C under ambient air for 120 h. Although Al has been suggested to have better phase stabilization capability than Ga in the literature, severe decomposition above 700 °C occurs in all the YBaCo4−xAlxO7+δ samples. Fe has much weaker phase stabilization capability than Al and Ga, but excellent phase stability is still maintained with a small substitution of Fe for Ga. All the materials with a stable phase at high temperatures exhibit well-matched thermal expansion coefficients (8.0–9.5 × 10−6 K−1) with common electrolyte materials, which alleviates the thermal stress during the SOFC operation. In comparison to YBaCo3.2Ga0.8O7+δ, a partial substitution of Ga by Fe enhances the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. In addition, the performance of the anode-supported single cell with the YBaCo3.2Ga0.7Fe0.1O7–Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 composite cathode reached 1.0 W cm−2 with H2 fuel at 700 °C. Thus, this work provides a guideline on trivalent dopants for developing swedenborgite-based cathode materials with a high phase stability and catalytic activity in IT-SOFCs.
P154 Variability in the sensitivity of the flow cytometric crossmatch

Aim The sensitivity of the flow cytometric crossmatch (FXM) is often variable across labs in the presence of weak donor specific antibodies (DSA). In addition, inter-laboratory variation to the interpretation of Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) values escalates the potential for discordance. The aim of this study is to compare FXM results among laboratories and correlate the results with DSA strength. Methods The study collected and analyzed data reported by participants in the Flow and Virtual Crossmatch Exchange over a period of 4 years. Data collected included antibody specificities, MFI values, T- and B-cell positive cutoffs, mean channel shifts (MCS), and negative control MC. In addition, the coefficient of variations (%CV) were calculated using the center-specific MFI values to analyze the variability in the reporting of antibody strength among labs. Results A total of 24 cells were tested against 48 sera over 12 Exchanges for a total of 96 T/B flow crossmatches. Among the 96 FXM pairs, 84% of T-cell and 88% of B-cell crossmatches were reported with good agreement (>80%). Positive concordant T-cell crossmatches were observed in 92% (57/62) of cases when class I DSA were reported with MFI >3000. Positive concordant B-cell crossmatches were observed in 89% (49/55) of cases when class I and class II DSA were reported with MFI >5000. Conclusions The data shows there is good consistency in T/B Flow crossmatch outcomes among labs in the presence of moderate or strong DSA. However, when DSA strength is weak, the sensitivity of the flow crossmatch is more widely variable. In addition, center practice, such as cutoff values and the reporting of MFI values may influence FXM outcomes. Thus, educational activities should continue to provide standards for quality control for the FXM.
Polymer-assisted approach to LaCo1-xNixO3 network nanostructures as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts

Abstract Energy depletion caused by the consumption of fossil fuels due to increasing population and economic growth has stimulated intense research on electrochemical energy storage systems, including fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Oxygen electrocatalysis, including both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), dominates the performance of these electrochemical energy systems. However, the sluggish kinetics of these two reactions still limits their performance and even the commercialization of these electrochemical energy storage systems. Therefore, development of non-precious metal-based oxygen catalysts, especially with bifunctionality for both OER and ORR, is greatly demanded. In this report, polymer-assisted approach has been employed to synthesize LaCoO3-based perovskite nanoparticles, which interconnected together to form porous network structures. X-ray diffraction indicated that replacement of Co with Ni would lead to a lattice expansion due to larger ionic radius of Ni3+ as compared to that of Co3+. The electrocatalytic activity of these materials in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution showed that ORR performance of LaCoO3 can be improved through incorporation of Ni into the B-site while their OER performance will also be enhanced which renders these perovskite oxides to exhibit better bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for both OER and ORR. The enhanced performance with Ni-doping might be due to the synergistic effect from the two transition metals as a result of the formation of new redox couples Ni3+/Ni2+ as well as the higher Co3+/Co2+ ratio, which could promote adsorption of oxygen on the catalytic surface with improved the Co O bond strength. Our study not only introduces polymer-assisted method to prepare network structured perovskite nanoparticles, but also highlights the importance of B-site metal doping in perovskites as a simple strategy to enhance their bifunctional oxygen catalytic activities.
Information visualizations of symptom information for patients and providers: a systematic review

Objective To systematically synthesize the literature on information visualizations of symptoms included as National Institute of Nursing Research common data elements and designed for use by patients and/or healthcare providers. Methods We searched CINAHL, Engineering Village, PsycINFO, PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Explore Digital Library to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2007 and 2017. We evaluated the studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and a visualization quality score, and organized evaluation findings according to the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Model. Results Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Ten of these addressed all MMAT items; 13 addressed all visualization quality items. Symptom visualizations focused on pain, fatigue, and sleep and were represented as graphs (n = 14), icons (n = 4), and virtual body maps (n = 2). Studies evaluated perceived ease of use (n = 13), perceived usefulness (n = 12), efficiency (n = 9), effectiveness (n = 5), preference (n = 6), and intent to use (n = 3). Few studies reported race/ethnicity or education level. Conclusion The small number of studies for each type of information visualization limit generalizable conclusions about optimal visualization approaches. User-centered participatory approaches for information visualization design and more sophisticated evaluation designs are needed to assess which visualization elements work best for which populations in which contexts.
High Dimensional Data

We have a dataset that is a collection of d-dimensional vectors. This chapter introduces the nasty tricks that such data can play. A dataset like this is hard to plot, though Sect. 4.1 suggests some tricks that are helpful. Most readers will already know the mean as a summary (it’s an easy generalization of the 1D mean). The covariance matrix may be less familiar. This is a collection of all covariances between pairs of components. We use covariances, rather than correlations, because covariances can be represented in a matrix easily. High dimensional data has some nasty properties (it’s usual to lump these under the name “the curse of dimension”). The data isn’t where you think it is, and this can be a serious nuisance, making it difficult to fit complex probability models.
A hydralazine-induced triumvirate: Lupus, cutaneous vasculitis, and cryptococcoid Sweet syndrome.

Hydralazine is a commonly prescribed antihypertensive medication that has been associated with both drug-induced lupus erythematosus and vasculitis.1 There is significant clinical, histopathologic, and serologic overlap between these entities. We present an unusual case of hydralazine-induced autoimmune syndrome with elements of both drug-induced lupus and vasculitis, as well as Sweet syndrome–like cutaneous lesions with distinctive histopathologic cryptococcoid inflammatory cells.
$T\bar T$ deformation of correlation functions

We study the evolution of correlation functions of local fields in a two-dimensional quantum field theory under the $\lambda T\bar T$ deformation, suitably regularized. We show that this may be viewed in terms of the evolution of each field, with a Dirac-like string being attached at each infinitesimal step. The deformation then acts as a derivation on the whole operator algebra, satisfying the Leibniz rule. We derive an explicit equation which allows for the analysis of UV divergences, which may be absorbed into a non-local field renormalization to give correlation functions which are UV finite to all orders, satisfying a (deformed) operator product expansion and a Callan-Symanzik equation. We solve this in the case of a deformed CFT, showing that the Fourier-transformed renormalized two-point functions behave as $k^{2\Delta+2\lambda k^2}$, where $\Delta$ is their IR conformal dimension. We discuss in detail deformed Noether currents, including the energy-momentum tensor, and show that, although they also become non-local, when suitably improved they remain finite, conserved and satisfy the expected Ward identities. Finally, we discuss how the equivalence of the $T\bar T$ deformation to a state-dependent coordinate transformation emerges in this picture.
Optical coherence tomography of the retina in schizophrenia: Inter-device agreement and relations with perceptual function.

Abstract Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies have demonstrated differences between people with schizophrenia and controls. Many questions remain including the agreement between scanners. The current study seeks to determine inter-device agreement of OCT data in schizophrenia compared to controls and to explore the relations between OCT and visual function measures. Methods Participants in this pilot study were 12 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 12 age- and sex-matched controls. Spectralis and Cirrus OCT machines were used to obtain retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular volume. Cirrus was used to obtain ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thickness. Visual function was assessed with low-contrast visual acuity and the King-Devick test of rapid number naming. Results There was excellent relative agreement in OCT measurements between the two machines, but poor absolute agreement, for both patients and controls. On both machines, people with schizophrenia showed decreased macular volume but no difference in RNFL thickness compared to controls. No between-group difference in GCL + IPL thickness was found on Cirrus. Controls showed significant associations between King-Devick performance and RNFL thickness and macular volume, and between low-contrast visual acuity and GCL + IPL thickness. Patients did not show significant associations between OCT measurements and visual function. Conclusions Good relative agreement suggests that the offset between machines remains constant and should not affect comparisons between groups. Decreased macular volume in individuals with schizophrenia on both machines supports findings of prior studies and provides further evidence that similar results may be found irrespective of OCT device.
Measuring the Importance of Local Food in the Chicago Foodshed

The study is motivated by the need to develop cost-effective tools to estimate the value and size of local food systems. Organizations in need of such evaluations often cannot afford the large price tag for the type of in-depth analysis they desire, and thus alternative, cost-effective methods are the next best choice. We use a recent evaluation of the Chicago foodshed to demonstrate one such cost-effective tool. Expansion of local sales constitutes import substitution, where local foods supplant existing imports. The proposed input-output (I/O) modeling method combines a “follow the money” approach with one that isolates total contributions of the local food systems, and uses an alternative definition of local foods. The approach modifies the underlying IMPLAN data and uses secondary data to account for other changes. The method is applied to a multicounty region comprising four states; the method’s limitations are also discussed. See the press release for this article.
Examining the Relationship between Social Support and Interracial Divorce in Louisiana

This study examines how social support is related to divorce among interracial couples in Louisiana. Using longitudinal, couple-level data from the Marriage Matters Survey, we analyze how measures ...