cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PENURUNAN TINGKAT CACAT P-TANK DI LINE ASSEMBLING 4 ALUMUNIUM RADIATOR DENGAN METODE PDCA (Studi Kasus Di Pt. Denso Indonesia)

The The high competition between products requires companies to provide the best for their consumers. Quality is one guarantee that must be given and fulfilled by the company to customers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of P-tank defects and recommend countermeasures to prevent the recurrence of P-tank defects in the assembly line 4 of the Aluminum Radiator division using the PDCA method. Case studies carried out at PT. Denso Indonesia for the period January 2018 - March 2018. Based on the research and data collection in the field it was found that the p-tank NG level was around 0.7 percent and be reduced to 0.4 percent.
Individuation and implicit racial bias in genetic counseling communication

Abstract Objectives Genetic counselors (GCs) can frame information in either general terms (i.e., population risks) or individual terms (i.e., tailoring to specific client characteristics). We investigated whether informational framing might reflect GCs’ implicit racial bias. Methods We analyzed previously videotaped genetic counseling sessions with white and minority (Black and Latino) simulated clients (SCs) and modeled the relationship between sixty GCs’ implicit racial bias, as measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT), and informational framing (general or individual) as characterized by the Roter Interaction Analysis System. Results Higher (more pro-white) IAT scores predicted less informational individuation for minority relative to white SCs. Similarly, higher IAT predicted fewer facilitation and activation statements to minority relative to white SCs. With higher IAT-scoring GCs, minority SCs disclosed less psychosocial and lifestyle information, and asked fewer medical questions (all p Conclusion GCs’ racial implicit bias may be associated with less individualized communication style when counseling minority clients. Practice implications Future research should address whether increasing informational individuation can ameliorate negative consequences of implicit bias and help providers reframe perceptions of minority patients in individual rather than categorical terms.
Glucose Homeostasis in Newborns: An Endocrinology Perspective

Physiologic adaptations in the postnatal period, along with gradual establishment of enteral feeding, help maintain plasma glucose concentrations in the neonatal period. The definition of normal plasma glucose in the neonatal period has been a subject of debate because of a lack of evidence linking a set plasma or blood glucose concentration to clinical symptoms or predictors of short- and long-term outcomes. However, there is consensus that maintaining plasma glucose in the normal range for age is important to prevent immediate and long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. The specific management strategy for abnormal glucose levels in neonates depends on the underlying etiology, and interventions could include nutritional changes, medications, hormone therapy, or even surgery. Here, we will review the physiological processes that help maintain plasma glucose in newborns and discuss the approach to a newborn with disordered glucose homeostasis, with an emphasis on the endocrine basis of abnormal glucose homeostasis.
Acute Kidney Injury in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplant Recipients

Background The reported incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) varies from 10 to 73%. The association between GVHD, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and risk for kidney injury remains controversial. We sought to describe the incidence of AKI and identify modifiable risk factors in large cohort of patients undergoing allo-HCT in our institution. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing allo-HCT from 2014 to 2017 in our institution were included. Pre-HCT variables including patient and graft characteristics, as well as post-HCT variables, including nephrotoxic medication exposure, ICU admission, and CNI levels were analyzed in association with AKI. AKI was defined using KDIGO criteria, grades 1, 2 and 3, through post-transplant day 100. Severe AKI was defined as grades 2 or 3. Differences across groups were assessed using either Wilcoxon rank-sum tests or Fisher's exact tests. AKI risk factors were estimated using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression. Results A total of 616 patients underwent allo-HCT during the study period. Median age was 58 (19-79) years, 59% male, 83% Caucasian. Indication for HCT was leukemia in 49%, myelodysplastic syndrome in 16%, and lymphoma in 17%. Median baseline creatinine was 0.8 (0.3-2.7) mg/dL. Median age-adjusted HCT-comorbidity index was 3 (range 0-9). Median baseline albumin was 3.5 (IQR 3.3-3.8) mg/dL and BMI 27.2 (IQR 23.8-30.8). Incidence of acute GVHD was 47%, and 60 patients had severe (grades 3-4) GVHD. Bacteremia occurred in 19% of patients. Amphotericin preceded max-grade AKI in 3.1%, cidofovir in 0.8%, and Foscarnet in 4.4% of patients. Median tacrolimus level preceding AKI was 7.88 (range 4.2-23.2) mg/dL. By day 100 post-HCT, 403 (65.4%) had any AKI, 220 (35.7%) patients had grade 1 AKI, 119 (19.3%) grade 2 AKI, and 64 (10.4%) grade 3 AKI; 19 (3.1%) required hemodialysis. Median time to AKI was 17 (IQR 8-35) days, and median time to max-grade AKI was 31 (IQR 13-53) days. Ex vivo CD34-selected HCT patients had a lower risk for AKI, hazard ratio 0.46 (0.35-0.62), p Conclusion AKI in patients undergoing allo-HCT remains a major concern, affecting 65.4% of patients, with grade 2 and 3 AKI occurring in 19.3% and 10.4%, respectively. Patients receiving CNIs including tacrolimus have a significantly higher risk for AKI, whereas patients undergoing CD34-selected allo-HCT have a lower risk of AKI. The effect of AKI after HCT on long-term kidney function requires further prospective study.
TRENDS AND PREDICTORS OF INPATIENT MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH MOOD DISORDERS UNDERGOING PCI

Depression and anxiety have been associated with worse outcomes in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In this abstract, we are assessing the trends of mortality, hospital stay cost and predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with history of depression and/or anxiety (mood
Human uniqueness illustrated by life history diversity among small-scale societies and chimpanzees

Background We compare life histories and selection forces among chimpanzees and human subsistence societies in order to identify the age-specific vital rates that best explain fitness variation, selection pressures and species divergence. Methods We employ Life Table Response Experiments that quantify vital rate contributions to population growth rate differences. Although widespread in ecology, these methods have not been applied to human populations or to look at species differences among humans and chimpanzees. We also estimate correlations between vital rate elasticities and life history traits to investigate differences in selection pressures and test predictions of life history theory. Results Chimpanzees’ earlier maturity and higher adult mortality drive species differences, whereas infant mortality and fertility variation drive differences among humans. Human fitness is decoupled from longevity by postreproductive survival, while chimpanzees forfeit higher potential lifetime fertility due to adult mortality attrition. Infant survival is often lower among humans, but lost fitness is recouped via short birth spacing and high peak fertility, thereby reducing selection on infant survival. Lastly, longevity and delayed maturity reduce selection on infant survival, but among humans, recruitment selection is unexpectedly highest in longer-lived populations, which are also faster-growing due to high fertility. Conclusion Humans differ from chimpanzees more because of delayed maturity and adult mortality than infant mortality or fertility rates. In both species, high infant mortality reflects bet-hedging costs of quality/quantity tradeoffs borne by offspring, with high and infant and child mortality likely regulating human population growth over evolutionary history. Among human subsistence societies, positive correlations between survival and natural fertility lead selection pressures in human subsistence societies to differ from modern populations undergoing demographic transition, due in part to positive correlations between longevity and natural fertility and negative correlations between recruitment elasticity and reproductive effort.
Neurosurgery and spinal adaptations in spaceflight: A literature review.

Abstract Background Spaceflight places astronauts in multiple environments capable of inducing pathological changes. Alterations in the spine have a significant impact on astronauts’ health during and after spaceflight. Low back pain is an established and common intra-flight complaint. Intervertebral disc herniation occurs at higher rates in this population and poses significant morbidity. Morphological changes within intervertebral discs, vertebral bodies, and spinal postural muscles affect overall spine function and astronaut performance. There remains a paucity of research related to spaceflight-induced pathologies, and currently available reviews concern the central nervous system broadly while lacking emphasis on spinal function. Objective Our aim was to review and summarize available data regarding changes in spinal health with exposure to spaceflight, especially focusing on effects of microgravity. The authors also present promising diagnostic and treatment approaches wherein the neurosurgeon could positively impact astronauts’ health and post-flight outcomes. Materials and methods Articles included in this review were identified via search engine using MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Review, Google Scholar, and references within other relevant articles. Search criteria included "spine and spaceflight”, “vertebral column and spaceflight”, “vertebral disc and spaceflight”, and “muscle atrophy and spaceflight”, with results limited to articles written in English from 1961 to 2020. References of selected articles were included as appropriate. Results Fifty-six articles were included in this review. Compositional changes at the intervertebral discs, vertebral bone, and paraspinal muscles contribute to undesirable effects on astronaut spinal function in space and contribute to post-flight pathologies. Risk of intervertebral disc herniation increases, especially during post-flight recovery. Vertebral bone degeneration in microgravity may increase risk for herniation and fracture. Paraspinal muscle atrophy contributes to low back pain, poorer spine health, and reduced stability. Conclusion Anatomical changes in microgravity contribute to the development of spinal pathologies. Microgravity impacts sensory neurovestibular function, neuromuscular output, genetic expression, among other systems. Future developments in imaging and therapeutic interventions may better analyze these changes and offer targeted therapeutic interventions to decrease the burden of pain and other diseases of the spine in this population.
Diasporic Condition: Jane Jin Kaisen's Strange Meetings And Its Tracing Of Ambiguous Colonial Vestiges.

Jane Jin Kaisen’s 2017 video work, Strange Meetings, documents the inside and surroundings of a former STD (sexually transmittable disease) treatment center for prohibiting the spread of STD among ...
Bullous fixed drug eruption following administration of the recombinant adjuvant Shingrix vaccine.

A 51-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease presented with a bullous rash on her left arm and axilla 2 days after receiving her second dose of the recombinant adjuvant Shingrix vaccine. PCR for herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1, HSV 2 and varicella zoster virus was negative. Punch biopsy revealed changes that were consistent with a bullous fixed drug eruption. She was successfully treated oral prednisone and topical triamcinolone cream. This is the first known case of a bullous fixed drug eruption due to the recombinant adjuvant Shingrix vaccine.
Development and validation of a second-order thermal network model for residential buildings

Abstract Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems can maintain the space air temperature of residential buildings, either directly by heating/cooling the air, or indirectly via heat transfer to and from the building structure that acts as a thermal mass. Hence, HVAC systems can help achieve load shifting, peak load reduction, and/or energy cost saving, thus enabling grid-interactive HVAC operation. A home thermal model that can accurately reflect the dynamics of the space air and interior wall surface temperatures, is therefore valuable. This paper develops such a model using the standard RC (resistance-capacitance) approach. The model contains a virtual envelope node and an internal space node and is thus second-order. A hybrid parameter identification scheme, made up of the least-squares and optimal search methods, is also developed. The proposed model and scheme were validated using data collected from a test home. It was found that a modest amount of training data was sufficient to yield reliable parameter estimates and accurate prediction. It was also found that when making 24-hour-ahead prediction of the space air temperature, both methods had comparable performances when the training data began in a transition season. However, when they began in an HVAC season, the optimal search method performed better. Therefore, the least-squares method is recommended during a transition season due to its lower computational burden, while the optimal search method is recommended during an HVAC season due to its better estimation performance.
Current Applications of Genetic Risk Scores to Cardiovascular Outcomes and Subclinical Phenotypes

Genetic risk scores are a useful tool for examining the cumulative predictive ability of genetic variation on cardiovascular disease. Important considerations for creating genetic risk scores include the choice of genetic variants, weighting, and comparability across ethnicities. Genetic risk scores that use information from genome-wide meta-analyses can successfully predict cardiovascular outcomes and subclinical phenotypes, yet there is limited clinical utility of these scores beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors in many populations. Novel uses of genetic risk scores include evaluating the genetic contribution of specific intermediate traits or risk factors to cardiovascular disease, risk prediction in high-risk populations, gene-by-environment interaction studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. Though questions remain about the ultimate clinical utility of the genetic risk score, further investigation in high-risk populations and new ways to combine genetic risk scores with traditional risk factors may prove to be fruitful.
Programs on Small-Scale Superconducting Devices in the United States

A survey of major U.S. programs on small-scale applications of superconductivity is presented. Programs are classified and tabulated into six categories. Over forty-five programs are reported. For each program, the organization, key person, brief description, source and amount of funding are given. Brief texts accompany each of the six summary tables.
Chapter 11 RNA Catabolites in Health and Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effects of age, sex, cancer and acute myocardial infarctions on the excretion of catabolites of RNA in the urine of human subjects. The levels of catabolites in body fluids or urine reflect the type and activity of the RNAs from which they are derived. In a method described in the chapter, the urines were separated into four fractions, using QAE Sephadex A-25 and the individual catabolites in each fraction were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The tapered tip of the pipette was plugged with a small wad of glass wool and the column packed with aqueous slurry of QAE Sephadex until a height of 6 cm was reached. The criteria for identification and quantification of the RNA catabolites were based on retention times for location of the catabolites and the ratios of the optical densities at 254 and 280 nm for purity. The differences between male and female values in the different age groups were not always significant although in almost every age group the values tended to be higher in females.
Recent Canadian Economic Policy: Some Alternatives

Until the Canadian dollar was raised to parity with the American dollar in July, 1946, Canadian foreign exchange reserves had been maintained at a satisfactory level by an inflow of capital which offset the substantial current account deficit with the United States. After the appreciation, which was undertaken to insulate the domestic price level from rising prices abroad, the capital flow was reversed and the official liquid reserves diminished rapidly until the end of 1947. The weakness in Canada's balance of payments position was caused by the fact that her surplus on current account was smaller than the rate at which her foreign loans were drawn down. The governmental policies undertaken to correct the balance of payments disequilibrium combined with a high level of national income in the United States to decrease the deficit in the current account with the United States and to replenish the reserves in 1948 and 1949. The rapid increase in the merchandise deficit with the United States, evident in the first six months of 1951, and the declining rate of capital import pointed to the possibility of a deterioration in Canada's foreign exchange position. It is thus opportune to examine the effect of the policies followed by the Canadian government in its attempt to deal with the balance of payments disequilibrium of 1947. An attempt is made in this paper to discover how much these policies, especially import controls, contributed to the solution of the problem.
Simplicial Quantum Gravity From Two to Four Dimensions

Recent work on Regge’s lattice formulation of quantum gravity is reviewed. The problem of the lattice transcription of the action and the measure is discussed, and a comparison is made to the expected results in the continuum. The recovery of general coordinate invariance in the continuum is illustrated in the two-dimensional case, where critical exponents can be compared to the exact continuum conformal field theory results of KPZ. In four dimensions the lattice results strongly suggest that the pure Einstein theory is not defined even at the non-perturbative level. The addition of higher derivative terms in the pure gravity theory appears to cure the unboundedness problem, but the nature of the ground state and the fixed point structure remains an open question.
Malabsorption anemia and iron supplement induced constipation in post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients.

AbstractPurpose:Over 250,000 bariatric surgical procedures for the management of morbid obesity are performed in the United States annually. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective bariatric procedure because of its efficacy in achieving significant weight loss, low complication rates, a
Decay of a New Isotope: Cu 69

Sources of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{69}$ have been produced by $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}p$ reactions in Zn (enriched to 78.3% ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{70}$) and their decay has been studied with scintillation and semiconductor detectors. The half-life of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{69}$ has been determined to be 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 min. Seventy-nine percent of the decay is by direct beta decay to the ground state of ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{69}$ (${E}_{0}=2.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ MeV, $logft=5.1$). The remaining decay modes exhibit a complex spectrum for which a level scheme has been established. The proposed ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{69}$ levels that are fed by the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{69}$ decay are at 0.5307, 0.8340, 1.0065, 1.1795, 1.428, 1.825, and 2.026 MeV. Other suggested but more tentative levels are at 0.615, 2.17, and 2.4 MeV. Of the beta-decay modes, those to the 0.5307- and 0.615-MeV levels have the highest $log\mathrm{ft}$ values, namley \ensuremath{\sim}6.7 and 6.8, respectively. The $log\mathrm{ft}$ values of the other branches are smaller than 5.7 and all indicate allowed beta decay.
Thermionic Energy Conversion

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the thermionic energy conversion with description of idealized model of a thermionic converter and work function of various surfaces. A thermionic converter is a device which converts heat energy into electrical energy by utilizing the thermionic emission of electrons. The close-spaced high-vacuum converter appears to have neared the limit of its development at a power output of 1 watt/cm2 and an efficiency of approximately 5%. Three electrode gas-filled devices should allow relatively low temperature operation, for example, in the range 1300–1700 K. Although the rare gases have a lower electron-neutral cross-section (that is, lower resistance), a Cs filling has the advantage that a low anode ϕ is maintained and that lower auxiliary-discharge voltages are required. Cesium-filled diodes are probably the most promising type of thermionic converter. Two promising approaches are now being explored for improving cesiated-cathode converters. The first of these is the use of electrode surfaces with the optimum crystallographic orientation. The second is the addition of gases such as halogens, oxygen, or hydrogen which increases the cathode emission and decrease the anode work function.
Broad-Based Consumer Subsidies as 'Policy Traps': The Case of Utilities Subsidies in Post-Crisis Argentina

Developing countries devote significant resources to lowering consumer prices for basic goods and services such as food and electricity. This paper examines the political logic behind the adoption and growth of broad-based consumer subsidies. We argue that they often constitute “policy traps,” or ad hoc measures to address unexpected problems, that quickly become entrenched. At first, consumer subsidy programs are affordable measures intended to help the population cope with income shocks or increase regime loyalty by distributing windfall profits from resource sectors. Over time, however, environmental pressures and fears of political backlash against repeal reinforce one another, greatly increasing the fiscal burden subsidies impose. We utilize this framework to analyze the meteoric growth of utilities subsidies in Argentina following the country’s 2001-2002 economic crisis.
Uniformly complete quotient space UCQ(G) and completely isometric representations of UCQ(G)‡ on B(L 2(G))

The uniformly complete quotient space UCQ(G) of a locally compact group G is introduced. It is shown that the operator space dual UCQ(G)* is a completely contractive Banach algebra, which contains the completely bounded Fourier multiplier algebra M cb A(G) as a completely contractively complemented Banach subalgebra. A natural completely isometric representation of UCQ(G)* on B(L2(G)) is studied and some equivalent amenability conditions associated with UCQ(G) are proved.
Tightness time for the linkage learning genetic algorithm

This paper develops a model for tightness time, linkage learning time for a single building block, in the linkage learning genetic algorithm (LLGA). First, the existing models for both linkage learning mechanisms, linkage skew and linkage shift, are extended and investigated. Then, the tightness time model is derived and proposed based on the extended linkage learning mechanism models. Experimental results are also presented in this study to verify the extended models for linkage learning mechanisms and the proposed model for tightness time.
Orientation dependence of microcirculation‐induced diffusion signal in anisotropic tissues

Purpose To seek a better understanding of the effect of organized capillary flow on the MR diffusion-weighted signal. Methods A theoretical framework was proposed to describe the diffusion-weighted MR signal, which was then validated both numerically using a realistic model of capillary network and experimentally in an animal model of isolated perfused heart preparation with myocardial blood flow verified by means of direct arterial spin labeling measurements. Results Microcirculation in organized tissues gave rise to an MR signal that could be described as a combination of the bi-exponential behavior of conventional intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) theory and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) -like anisotropy of the vascular signal, with the flow-related pseudo diffusivity represented as the linear algebraic product between the encoding directional unit vector and an appropriate tensor entity. Very good agreement between theoretical predictions and both numerical and experimental observations were found. Conclusion These findings suggest that the DTI formalism of anisotropic spin motion can be incorporated into the classical IVIM theory to describe the MR signal arising from diffusion and microcirculation in organized tissues. Magn Reson Med 76:1252-1262, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between intentional self-injurious behavior and the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential in research volunteers.

Objective Serotonergic (5-HT) functioning has been shown to be inversely associated with intentional self-injurious behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between three related self-report measures of intentional self-injurious behaviors (suicidal thoughts/behavior, history of nonsuicidal self-injury, history of severe self-harm when angry) and a putative electrophysiological index of 5-HT activity, the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP). Method Auditory evoked potentials were recorded from 41 men (mean age = 20.69, standard deviation [SD] = 2.98) during the administration of various tone loudness stimuli, followed by completion of the self-report measures. Results The component slope was associated with all measures of self-injurious behavior in the expected direction. Conclusion The LDAEP has the potential to be used as a noninvasive index of intentional self-harm disposition. Additional studies are needed using other populations, including women and treatment-seeking individuals, to determine if the LDAEP more broadly discriminates risk of self-injuring.
Beyond Academic Evidence: Innovative Uses of Technology Within e-Portfolios in a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program

Portfolios have been used in higher education for the past several years for assessment of student learning and growth and serve as the basis for summative and formative evaluations. While there is some information in the literature on how undergraduate and graduate medical, nursing, and allied health students might use portfolios to showcase acquired knowledge and skills, there is a dearth of information on the use of e-Portfolios with students in doctor of nursing practice programs. There are also limited findings regarding the creative use of technology (that includes infographics and other multimedia tools) to enhance learning outcomes (Stephens & Parr, 2013). This article presents engaging and meaningful ways technology can be used within e-Portfolios. Thus, e-Portfolios become more than a repository for academic evidence; they become unique stories that reflect the breadth and depth of students' learner-centered outcomes.
Growth suppression of hybrids between transformed cells and normal fibroblasts in serum-free medium: correlation with retention of human chromosomes.

Somatic cell hybrids formed by crossing PG19 mouse melanoma cells with mouse embryo fibroblasts have a reduced ability to proliferate in growth factor-unsupplemented serum-free medium relative to the parental melanoma cells. The suppression of growth of the hybrid cells in serum-free medium is attributable to a strict requirement of these cells for polypeptide growth factors (insulin plus platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or epidermal growth factor). In contrast, the parental melanoma cells are able to grow without exogenously added growth factors. Fifteen hybrids derived from crosses between mouse L cells and normal human skin fibroblasts also have been tested for ability to grow in growth factor-unsupplemented serum-free medium. Depending on which human chromosomes are retained, growth of these hybrids in serum-free medium is also suppressed relative to growth of the L cell parent. There appear to be several genes on different chromosomes that are involved in suppression of serum-free growth of the fibroblast × L cell hybrids. One weak suppressor gene appears to be on the human X chromosome.
The effects of arginine vasotocin and various microtubular poisons on water transfer and sodium transport across the pelvic skin of the toad Bufo boreas in vitro.

Abstract Net water transfer and sodium transport were measured in vitro across the ventral pelvic integument of Bufo boreas . Arginine vasotocin (AVT) significantly increased both water transfer and sodium transport. Vinblastine sulfate and colchicine inhibited the water transfer initiated by AVT in the ventral pelvic integument. No inhibition by these agents was observed on sodium transport stimulated by AVT. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Estimates of the timing of reductions in genital warts and high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after onset of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the United States.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to estimate the number of years after onset of a quadrivalent HPV vaccination program before notable reductions in genital warts and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) will occur in teenagers and young adults in the United States. Methods We applied a previously published model of HPV vaccination in the United States and focused on the timing of reductions in genital warts among both sexes and reductions in CIN 2/3 among females. Using different coverage scenarios, the lowest being consistent with current 3-dose coverage in the United States, we estimated the number of years before reductions of 10%, 25%, and 50% would be observed after onset of an HPV vaccination program for ages 12–26 years. Results The model suggested female-only HPV vaccination in the intermediate coverage scenario will result in a 10% reduction in genital warts within 2–4 years for females aged 15–19 years and a 10% reduction in CIN 2/3 among females aged 20–29 years within 7–11 years. Coverage had a major impact on when reductions would be observed. For example, in the higher coverage scenario a 25% reduction in CIN2/3 would be observed with 8 years compared with 15 years in the lower coverage scenario. Conclusions Our model provides estimates of the potential timing and magnitude of the impact of HPV vaccination on genital warts and CIN 2/3 at the population level in the United States. Notable, population-level impacts of HPV vaccination on genital warts and CIN 2/3 can occur within a few years after onset of vaccination, particularly among younger age groups. Our results are generally consistent with early reports of declines in genital warts among youth.
Saline hydration and diuresis after adrenalectomy.

ANIMALS in adrenal insufficiency, when hydrated orally with water, cannot excrete the water at a normal rate. A delay in excretion is also obtained when the water is administered as glucose or 0.85% saline solution (Gaunt, 1944; Hays and Mathieson, 1945; Reforzo-Membrives, Power and Kepler, 1945). Even the administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) or adrenal cortical extracts will only maintain a normal response to hydration for a short period of time (Gaunt, 1944; Gaunt, Liling and Cordsen, 1945; Hays and Mathieson, 1945), although injections of epinephrine will increase the diuresis. The adrenalectomized animal, receiving excess fluids, will also easily develop the syndrome of water intoxication. Adrenal steroids, particularly DCA, will offer good protection against water intoxication, without, however, markedly increasing urine output. Various theories have been elaborated in attempts to explain the failure of adrenalectomized animals to excrete water, glucose solution or 0.85% saline at a n...
Multistep soluble polymer-supported, microwave-assisted synthesis of quinoxalines

A multistep liquid-phase, polymer-supported, microwave-assisted synthesis of quinoxalines on polyethylene glycol, PEG-4500, is demonstrated. The usage of microwave energy to accelerate organic reactions reduces reaction time from hours (under reflux) to only minutes. The solution-phase chemistry on soluble polyethylene glycol, PEG, support facilitates the use of microwave energy (since PEG easily absorbs microwaves) and avoids the silica gel chromatography purifications of intermediate compounds, supporting parallel, combinatorial, and ultimately automated syntheses.
Replication of a site-specific trans-8,9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B(1) adduct by the exonuclease deficient klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I.

A 19-mer oligodeoxynucleotide containing a site-specific trans-8, 9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B(1) adduct was prepared and purified. This was used as a template for replication with DNA polymerase I exo(-) (Klenow exo(-)) in vitro. The chemical stability of the modified template strand containing the cationic aflatoxin B(1) adduct was monitored by mass spectrometry. Under the conditions used in these assays, the cationic aflatoxin B(1) adduct remained intact; quantitative conversion to the corresponding formamidopyrimidine adduct was not observed. The results revealed that the cationic guanine AFB(1) N7 adduct blocked translesional DNA synthesis at the adducted site and one nucleotide 3' to the adducted site. Correct incorporation of cytosine opposite the lesion led to blockage, while incorrect incorporation of adenine allowed full-length extension. The in vitro experiments with polymerase I yielded base pair substitutions at the lesion site but not the 5'-neighbor substitutions observed in vivo [Bailey, E. A., Iyer, R. S., Stone, M. P., Harris, T. M., and Essigmann, J. M. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 1535-1539].
Film, cinema, television … media?

What is left for film studies if we strip away narrative, representation, and the dominant practices of institutional cinema? Is there an essence or medium specificity to study, or might we instead simply focus on the contingent permutations that film and other media undergo, this time in the digital age? Using the intertwined histories of film, cinema, and television, this paper renders contingent their normative definitions and provides a way to rethink their study in a time of transition.
Measurement of progressive cerebral ventriculomegaly in infants after grades III and IV intraventricular hemorrhages.

To develop guidelines that might help predict prospectively which infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) would require intervention, we obtained serial cranial sonograms to measure the rate of growth of cerebral ventricular volumes in 48 preterm infants with and without IVH. The infants were divided into three groups: (1) those with no IVH (22 infants), (2) those with IVH with acute ventricular dilation (13 infants), and (3) those with IVH with progressive ventricular dilation requiring intervention (13 infants). The decision to intervene because of progressive ventricular dilation was based on clinical criteria and the subjective assessment of increasing ventricular size on weekly cranial sonograms. The rate of cerebral ventricular volume growth in infants with IVH who needed intervention was greater (4.2±3.3 ml/day) than that in infants without IVH (0.0±0.1 ml/day; p p
A Reflexivity Theorem for Subspaces of Calkin Algebras

Abstract A linear subspace S of an algebra G is called reflexive if a ∈ S whenever a ∈ G and paq = 0 for every pair p , q of indempotents in G such that p S q = {0}. This paper studies properties of a Banach space that ensure that every separable norm closed linear subspace of the corrsponding Calkin algebra is reflexive. The latter holds for the spaces c 0 and l p , 1 p
Systemic immunological reactivity in the absence of delayed type hypersensitivity during murine leprosy.

Abstract The generation of cell-mediated immunological reactivity has been examined following systemic infection of mice with M. lepraemurium (MLM). It has been found that although delayed-type hypersensitivity to MLM is ablated within 2 weeks of infection, resistance, as determined by a containment of the multiplication of the organism at various sites, persists for at least 7 weeks. During this time it was found that a population of lymphocytes sensitized to MLM antigens appeared within these animals and that DTH could he generated if these cells were focused at a footpad site. The possibility that these changes in immunological status are determined by increasing levels of antigen, resulting from a systemic killing of MLM is discussed. It is postulated that persistent desensitization eventually results in anergy to MLM.
Small-scale spatial variations of natural radionuclide and trace metal distributions in sediments from the Hudson River estuary

Multiple sediment cores were collected in June 1994 in the turbidity maximum zone of the Hudson River estuary off Manhattan, New York. Results from X-radiography of the sediments and measurements of natural radionuclides (234Th,7Be, and210Pb) and trace metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) show significant spatial variability of sediment composition and structure and patchy distributions of radionuclides activities and trace metal concentrations in this small area (0.6 km × 0.5 km). Radionuclide and trace metal analyses confirm prior work (Olsen et al. 1978; Olsen et al. 1981; Hirschberg et al. 1996) that show the western margin area of the river acts as a repository of these chemical constituents at least for the short-term period (0.5–1 yr), and the mid-channel area is not a depositional area for sediments and associated chemical constituents.7Be profiles reveal short-term sediment deposition rates ranging from 6 cm yr−1 to 26 cm yr−1 in the western margin area. Significant spatial variations in excess234Th and7Be inventories (up to a factor of 10 and 5 for234Th and7Be, respectively) are found in the western margin depositional area, although the inventories are balanced, on average, with in situ production in water column and atmospheric supply. The spatial variation of surficial excess210Pb and trace metal concentrations in depositional areas of the western margin are ≤10% for Ag, Cu, Pb, and Zn and 29% for Cd. However, the variations in the transition zone range from 28% to 93%. This variability is likely related to variations in tidal current velocity, bottom shear stress, and river channel morphology.
Numerical spatial marching techniques in duct acoustics

A numerical method is developed that could predict the pressure distribution of a ducted source from farfield pressure inputs. Using an initial value formulation, the two‐dimensional homogeneous Helmholtz wave equation (no steady flow) is solved using explicit marching techniques. The Von Neumann method is used to develop relationships which describe how sound frequency and grid spacing effect numerical stability. Stability considerations limit the approach to high‐frequency sound. Sample calculations for both hard and soft wall ducts compare favorably to known boundary value solutions. In addition, assuming that reflections in the duct are small, this initial value approach is successfully used to determine the attenuation of a straight soft wall duct. Compared to conventional finite difference or finite element boundary value approaches, the numerical marching technique is orders of magnitude shorter in computation time and required computer storage and can be easily employed in problems involving high‐frequency sound.
Altered Cbfa1 expression and biomineralization in an osteosarcoma cell line.

Osteoblast differentiation and expression are regulated by Cbfa1 transcription factors. Recent evidence suggests that Cbfa1 may also regulate bone mineralization. The purpose of this study was to characterize Cbfa1 expression in relation to mineralization in rat UMR106-01 osteoblastic cell cultures. UMR106-01 BSP cultures consistently form bone-like mineral, whereas the UI subclone mineralize gradually. BSP and UI cultures were grown for 48 h and then treated with b-glycerophosphate. BSP cultures had alizarin red stained calcifications and mineral-like deposits within 24 h of phosphate. Atomic absorption spectroscopy measured significantly (P < 0:0001) more calcium in the phosphate-treated BSP cultures than in the UI. Cbfa1 message was detected in the BSP and UI cultures, but the Cbfa1 N-terminal isoform was deficient in UI and appeared to be up-regulated in the phosphate-treated BSP cultures. Cbfa1 protein levels were also reduced in the UI. DNA sequence from the RT-PCR products was utilized to design Taqman Real-time RT-PCR reagents. Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that Cbfa1 mRNA levels relative to endogenous 18 s rRNA were lower in the slower mineralizing UI cultures. Furthermore, the Cbfa1 N-terminal isoform mRNA levels were significantly (P < 0:001) lower in the slower mineralizing cultures. Transfection with Cbfa1 or isoform antisense caused a significant (P < 0:001) reduction in mineralization. Therefore, Cbfa1 expression may be associated with bone-like mineral formation in rat UMR106-01 osteoblastic cell cultures.
Towards estimating the demand for money in China

The demand for money in China is estimated separately for the periods before and after the economic reform. Besides the traditional transactions demand variable, the expected rate of inflation (as a measure of the opportunity cost of holding money) and the monetization process are also incorporated into the demand function. The preliminary results show that the demand for money in China has changed in response to the institutional changes during the economic reform. Adding the monetization and inflation expectation variables into the money demand function has enhanced significantly its explanatory power.
Colorimetric estimate of cholesterogenesis in livers perfused in the presence of trans-1,4-bis-(2-chlorobenzylaminomethyl)-cyclohexane dihydrochloride (AY-9944).

Abstract AY-9944 ¦trans-1,4-bis-(2-chlorobenzylaminomethyl)-cyclohexane dihydrochloride¦ inhibits the conversion of sterol intermediates to cholesterol. The appearance of sterol intermediates, measured colorimetrically as “fast-acting” sterols, has been used as an estimate of hepatic cholesterogenesis in vivo after treatment with AY-9944. The appearance of fast-acting sterols as an estimate of cholesterogenesis was studied in the isolated rat liver, perfused in vitro in the presence of AY-9944, with or without oleic acid. Oleic acid elevated the appearance of fast-acting sterols in the liver and the perfusate. The secretion of fast-acting sterols by the perfused liver correlates with the activity ofmicrosomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterogenesis, and the synthesis of fast-acting sterols. The latter also correlates with the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. These observations are in agreement with previous reports of stimulation of the secretion and synthesis of cholesterol by liver perfused with oleic acid. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the level of fast-acting sterols after treatment with AY-9944 may be used as a colorimetric estimate for the synthesis and distribution of cholesterol in the isolated perfused rat liver.
Effects of Week of Lactation and Genetic Selection for Milk Yield on Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Holstein Cows

Control (CL) and select line (SL) dairy cows (n = 22) managed identically but differing in milk yield (>4100 kg/305 d) were used to determine differences in milk fatty acid profile as lactation progressed. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk samples were collected during wk 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 postpartum for milk composition analysis. Milk samples from wk 1, 8, and 16 were also analyzed for fatty acid composition. Select-line cows produced more milk (44.4 vs. 31.2 kg/d) and milk components than CL cows during the 16-wk period. There was no difference in rate of milk yield increase, but peak milk yield for SL cows was greater and occurred later in lactation. There were no differences in milk SCC or milk fat, protein, or lactose content. Selection for milk yield did not affect the content of most individual milk fatty acids; however, compared with CL, SL cows had a reduced Delta(9)-desaturase system and tended to produce milk with lower monounsaturated fatty acid content. Selection for milk yield did not affect milk fatty acid origin but the percentage of de novo fatty acids increased and preformed fatty acids decreased as lactation progressed. Milk fat trans-11 18:1 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid increased with progressing lactation (10.7 vs. 14.1 and 3.1 vs. 5.4 mg/g, or 31 and 76%, respectively) and were correlated strongly among wk 1, 8, and 16 of lactation. Temporal changes in the Delta(9)-desaturase system occurred during lactation but these changes were not correlated with milk fat cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid content. Results indicate prolonged genetic selection for milk yield had little effect on milk fatty acid composition, but milk fatty acid profiles varied markedly by week of lactation.
Region growing on a hypercube multiprocessor

The region growing paradigm for image segmentation groups neighboring pixels into regions depending upon a predetermined homogeneity criteria. A parallel method for region growing on an MIMD multiprocessor system is presented. Since the region growing problem exhibits non-uniform and unpredictable load fluctuations, it requires a dynamic load balancing scheme to achieve a balanced load distribution. The results of implementing a parallel region growing algorithm on the Intel-iPSC hypercube are discussed.
Effects of prolactin and thyroxine on the visual pigments of trout, Salmo gairdneri☆

Both mammalian prolactin (injections of 15 μg/g on alternate days) and thyroxine (1 mg/liter in tank water) favored increased proportions of porphyropsin in rods of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, in a highly significant fashion (p < 0.001). Lower doses of each hormone (2 μg/g prolactin every third day; or 10 μg/liter thyroxine) yielded small increases, and the significance levels were lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively); but these lower doses had no significant effects when the fish were also treated with the higher dose of the other hormone.
Indigenous Publishing, 1981-1992: An IFLA Pilot Project:

L'article decrit les phases de ce projet pilote, initie par l'IFLA en 1981 et ponctue par la publication en 1992 du Repertoire des editeurs du Zimbabwe. L'article contient le questionnaire original prepare par Roger Stringer et envoye aux editeurs du Zimbabwe, la definition de qui peut etre considere comme editeur et l'analyse des resultats du questionnaire. Alors que l'intention premiere etait de publier un guide pour l'edition en langue vernaculaire, l'auteur, qui a ete associe au projet en tant qu'officier de l'IFLA pendant huit annees, espere que cet exemple servira de prototype a ceux qui souhaiteraient mettre en œuvre un developpement de l'edition en langue vernaculaire dans un pays en voie de developpement