cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoting Cardiovascular Health in Midlife Women

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death in the USA. In women, coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for 22% of deaths with an additional 6.2% of deaths secondary to stroke. The prevalence of CVD increases as women age; after the age of 75, the incidence will exceed that reported for men. The risk for CVD in women is systematically underestimated. Both healthcare providers and women need a better understanding of the mechanism and role of traditional CVD risk factors (CVDRF) in women, and the newer identified non-traditional CVDRF which are unique to women and the resulting CVD morbidity and mortality. Women with a CVD event often do not present the same as men. During middle-age and the transition to post-menopause, the complaints women experience often do not match the standard male-oriented CVD symptoms, and thus are often erroneously attributed to menopause. Unique sex-gene expression and function account for the biological variances in both CVDRF and CVD prevalence and presentation in women. There is a need for a more sex-specific approach to CVDRF assessment and targeted reduction in women. There are major differences in the risk, development, and presentation of CVD in women. A wide-spread awareness is lacking in women and healthcare providers of the unique sex-specific differences in both CVDRF and CVD in women. The traditional CVD risk factor assessment tools and CVD risk calculators do not account for these differences and systematically underestimate CVD risk in women.
Negation-Licensed Commands

The main goal of this article is to argue for the existence and crosslinguistic stability of a phenomenon that I call “negation-licensed commands” (NLCs), in which commands can be interpreted as such only in the presence of negation. The article explores morphosyntactic properties of NLCs in a small number of unrelated languages. It stops short of an analysis of the phenomenon, which will have to await future research.
Analysis of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Stock Market and Investing Strategies

In this paper, we analyze the potential effects that the coronavirus, “COVID-19”, will have on the stock market and then we propose possible ways that an individual could profit off a market affected by a global viral outbreak. We look at past outbreaks and come to the conclusion that often markets will react adversely to these such incidents in the short run but that in the long run, markets eventually correct themselves and increase. In order to profit off of such a market, we propose shorting industries that will be immediately affected by the virus in the short run and then eventually buying back into those industries after their price has dropped significantly. Specifically, we look at the travel industry, technology industry, entertainment industry, and gold as potential areas where great profit can be made.
The Molecular Genetic Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms and Susceptibility to Seizures and Epilepsy

Seizure patterns observed in patients with epilepsy suggest that circadian rhythms and sleep/wake mechanisms play some role in the disease. This review addresses key topics in the relationship between circadian rhythms and seizures in epilepsy. We present basic information on circadian biology, but focus on research studying the influence of both the time of day and the sleep/wake cycle as independent but related factors on the expression of seizures in epilepsy. We review studies investigating how seizures and epilepsy disrupt expression of core clock genes, and how disruption of clock mechanisms impacts seizures and the development of epilepsy. We focus on the overlap between mechanisms of circadian-associated changes in SCN neuronal excitability and mechanisms of epileptogenesis as a means of identifying key pathways and molecules that could represent new targets or strategies for epilepsy therapy. Finally, we review the concept of chronotherapy and provide a perspective regarding its application to patients with epilepsy based on their individual characteristics (i.e., being a "morning person" or a "night owl"). We conclude that better understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythms, neuronal excitability, and seizures will allow both the identification of new therapeutic targets for treating epilepsy as well as more effective treatment regimens using currently available pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies.
Spatial organization of the transcriptome in individual neurons

Abstract Neurons are highly polarized cells with complex neurite morphology. Spatial organization and local translation of RNAs in dendrites and axons play an important role in many neuronal functions. Here we performed super-resolution spatial profiling of RNAs inside individual neurons at the genome scale using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH), and mapped the spatial organization of up to ∼4,200 RNA species (genes) across multiple length scales, ranging from sub-micrometer to millimeters. Our data generated a quantitative intra-neuronal atlas of RNAs with distinct transcriptome compositions in somata, dendrites, and axons, and revealed diverse sub-dendritic distribution patterns of RNAs. Moreover, our spatial analysis identified distinct groups of genes exhibiting specific spatial clustering of transcripts at the sub-micrometer scale that were dependent on protein synthesis and differentially dependent on synaptic activity. Overall, these data provide a rich resource for characterizing the subcellular organization of the transcriptome in neurons with high spatial resolution.
Trunk Postural Control Strategies Among Persons With Lower-Limb Amputation While Walking and Performing a Concurrent Task.

Altered trunk movements during gait in persons with lower-limb amputation are often associated with an increased risk for secondary health conditions; however, the postural control strategies underlying such alterations remain unclear. In this secondary analysis, the authors employed nonlinear measures of triplanar trunk accelerations via short-term Lyapunov exponents to investigate trunk local stability as well as spatiotemporal gait parameters to describe gait mechanics. The authors also evaluated the influence of a concurrent task on trunk local stability and gait mechanics to explore if competition for neuromuscular processing resources can assist in identifying unique strategies to control kinematic variability. Sixteen males with amputation-8 transtibial and 8 transfemoral-and 8 uninjured males (controls) walked on a treadmill at their self-selected speed (mean = 1.2 m/s ±10%) in 5 experimental conditions (8 min each): 4 while performing a concurrent task (2 walking and 2 seated) and 1 with no concurrent task. Individuals with amputation demonstrated significantly smaller Lyapunov exponents than controls in all 3 planes of motion, regardless of concurrent task or level of amputation (P < .0001). Individuals with transfemoral amputation walked with wider strides compared with individuals with transtibial amputation and controls (P < .0001). Individuals with amputation demonstrated more trunk kinematic variability in the presence of wider strides compared with individuals without amputation, and it appears that performing a concurrent cognitive task while walking did not change trunk or gait mechanics.
Price vs. Quantity Regulation and Technological Modernization

The impact of resource price and quotas on capital modernization of a firm is considered under embodied technological change. It is shown that a high price of resources (or capital) suppresses optimal growth and leads to no investment and no modernization. In contrast, limiting the quantity of available resources (such as energy quotas) stabilizes optimal growth and promotes capital modernization (e.g., scrapping obsolete capital in order to buy more efficient capital). We will employ a partial equilibrium model of a profit-maximizing firm with exogenous exponential capital and resource prices, resource quota restrictions, and the technological change embodied in newer vintages of productive capital. Vintage models attract increasing interest for economic growth (see Boucekkine and Pommeret, 2004; Yatsenko and Hritonenko, 2007; and references therein). The optimization model under study is to find the unknown functions ) (t m , ) (t a , ) (t c , ) (t y , and ) (t R , ) , [ 0 ∞ ∈ t t , that maximize the discounted net profit over ) , [ 0 ∞ t :
An Exploratory Study of Students' Use of Facebook and Other Communication Modalities in Order to Receive Student Affairs Information

This qualitative study explored Facebook as a communication tool for student affairs and compared it as a source with other communication modalities to describe the 18-24 year old student preference on receiving information about student affairs departments and activities. The research questions were designed to provide feedback on the current purpose[s] of student use of Facebook for student affairs services as well as reporting additional services and activities that would be considered through the use of Facebook. Differences in use among institutional types were also explored. The results of 395 online survey responses were compared to focus groups consisting of student ambassadors at a two-year public, four-year private, and four-year public institution. The online survey participants were asked to respond to specific modes of communication based upon each service or activity. The focus groups were asked the same questions in an open-ended format and the results were compared to the online results. The results indicate that depending on the event or activity, the students preferred a different method of communication, not necessarily Facebook for information on student affairs programming. These results also differed among institutional types. Two-year institutions have the greatest potential to increase their presence on Facebook. One theme that emerged from the open-ended response question in the online survey was that institutions participating on Facebook should limit content so that it is more social in nature and leave academically related issues to institutionally driven communication modalities. There are numerous options to communicate information to students and finding the best one may be more challenging than actually disseminating the information. With the administrative challenges and lack of student responses encouraging Facebook usage, institutions of higher education are not encouraged to spend enormous resources in this one particular communication modality. Given the high number of responses from the online survey combined with feedback from the focus groups, enhanced email options or web portal content might serve the current needs.
Fashion consumer groups and online shopping at private sale sites

With the increasing popularity of private sale sites, it has become more important to understand those shoppers regularly visiting these sites. To date, no published studies have reported on shoppers of private sale sites. The current study was designed to divide shoppers of private sale sites into distinct fashion consumer groups based on their levels of fashion leadership, and to examine their differences in shopping behaviours. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 164 women aged 18 and older who were members of at least one private sale site. The respondents were recruited mainly using a snowball sampling technique, which relied on chain referrals to identify eligible participants. Factor analysis results suggested that fashion leadership consisted of two dimensions: fashion opinion leadership and fashion innovativeness. The respondents were divided into four groups, named fashion followers, fashion opinion leaders, fashion innovators and innovative communicators, based on their scores on the two dimensions of fashion leadership. In order to compare characteristics of the four groups, a series of anova were conducted and significant group differences were found in hedonic shopping, site visit frequency, and purchase intention. The significantly higher levels of visit frequency and purchase intention for innovative communicators indicate that this group represents a valuable market segment for online private sale companies to target. Implications for future research and limitations were also discussed.
An Abstract Machine for Restricted AND-Parallel Execution of Logic Programs

Although the sequential execution speed of logic programs has been greatly improved by the concepts introduced in the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM), parallel execution represents the only way to increase this speed beyond the natural limits of sequential systems. However, most proposed parallel logic programming execution models lack the performance optimizations and storage efficiency of sequential systems. This paper presents a parallel abstract machine which is an extension of the WAM and is thus capable of supporting AND-Parallelism without giving up the optimizations present in sequential implementations. A suitable instruction set, which can be used as a target by a variety of logic programming languages, is also included. Special instructions are provided to support a generalized version of "Restricted AND-Parallelism" (RAP), a technique which reduces the overhead traditionally associated with the run-time management of variable binding conflicts to a series of simple run-time checks, which select one out of a series of compiled execution graphs.
Technology for emergency care: cognitive and workflow considerations.

Hospitals transitioning from paper to electronic information systems often find that inadequate fit of newly implemented technology to work environment is causing delays, inefficient use of resources, and may be introducing a new kind of errors attributable to the complexity of human interaction with computer systems. The purpose of this study is to characterize workflow, decision making and cognitive processes of clinicians in the emergency department of a large hospital, and to suggest optimal technological interventions for observed problems. The analysis of collected data identified fifteen tasks and areas that either slowed the process of care by unnecessary work duplication or created opportunities for medical error. We have made several suggestions for replacing suboptimal processes by technology or for refining current configurations of information and communication devices to become more appropriate to the cognitive and workflow demands of specific tasks and defined within the larger context of emergency clinical work.
Membrane localization of the HflA regulatory protease of Escherichia coli by immunoelectron microscopy.

Abstract The hflA locus of Escherichia coli specifies a multisubunit protease that selectively degrades the cII transcriptional activator of phage lambda. The regulated turnover of cII is critical for the choice between the lytic and lysogenic pathways of viral development. Previous cell fractionation work has indicated that HflA is associated with the inner membrane fraction. We have sought to demonstrate that the HflA protease is localized in the cell membrane of intact cells. To achieve this goal, we have combined electron microscopy of thin-sectioned E. coli cells with antibody tagging by a colloidal gold label. Using antibody to purified HflA protein, we have found preferential membrane labeling for hflA+ cells but not for hflA mutant cells. We conclude that HflA protease is localized in the cell membrane. The membrane location for HflA protein may serve as a component of a targeting mechanism to limit the action of the regulatory protease to selected cytoplasmic proteins.
Detailed segmentation of human hippocampal and subicular subfields using a combined approach

Hippocampal and subicular subfields (dentate gyrus, CA4, CA3, CA2, CA1, prosubiculum, subiculum, presubiculum and parasubiculum) of human brains have become the major targets of extensive ex vivo and in vivo neuroimaging studies. The subfield segmentation in previous studies relied heavily on parcellation based on conventional Nissl stains. Our recent study (Ding and Van Hoesen, J Comp Neurol, 523:2233-2253, 2015), however, has revealed significantly more reliable and accurate parcellation of all the subfields in both hippocampal head and body regions using a combined approach. This approach combines traditional Nissl staining and modern neurochemical labeling on closely adjacent sections. The resulting atlases of human hippocampi in our recent study are further supported by gene expression patterns in each subfield and thus will provide a very helpful guide for hippocampal and subicular segmentation on neuroimaging scans. A comparison of our recent results with those in previous studies is also discussed.
Metastable Patterns, Layer Collapses, and Coarsening for a One‐Dimensional Ginzburg‐Landau Equation

The internal layer motion associated with the Ginzburg-Landau equation is analyzed, in the limit , for various boundary conditions on x = ±1. The nonlinearity Q(u) results either from a double-well potential or a periodic potential, each having wells of equal depth. Using a systematic asymptotic method, some previous work in deriving equations of motion for the internal layers corresponding to metastable patterns is extended. The effect of the various types of boundary conditions and nonlinearities will be highlighted. A dynamical rescaling method is used to numerically integrate these equations of motion. Using formal asymptotic methods, certain canonical problems describing layer collapse events are formulated and solved numerically. A hybrid asymptotic-numerical method, which incorporates these layer collapse events, is used to give a complete quantitative description of the coarsening process associated with the Ginzburg-Landau equation. For the Neumann problem with a double-well potential, the qualitative description of the coarsening process given in Carr and Pego [4] will be confirmed quantitatively. In other cases, such as for a periodic potential with Dirichlet boundary conditions, it will be shown that, through layer collapse events, a metastable pattern can tend to a stable equilibrium solution with an internal layer structure.
Urban irrigation effects on WRF‐UCM summertime forecast skill over the Los Angeles metropolitan area

In the current study, we explicitly address the impacts of urban irrigation on the local hydrological cycle by integrating a previously developed irrigation scheme within the coupled framework of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Urban Canopy Models (WRF-UCM) over the semiarid Los Angeles metropolitan area. We focus on the impacts of irrigation on the urban water cycle and atmospheric feedback. Our results demonstrate a significant sensitivity of WRF-UCM simulated surface turbulent fluxes to the incorporation of urban irrigation. Introducing anthropogenic moisture, vegetated pixels show a shift in the energy partitioning toward elevated latent heat fluxes. The cooling effects of irrigation on daily peak air temperatures are evident over all three urban types, with the largest influence over low-intensity residential areas (average cooling of 1.64°C). The evaluation of model performance via comparison against CIMIS (California Irrigation Management Information System) evapotranspiration (ET) estimates indicates that WRF-UCM, after adding irrigation, performs reasonably during the course of the month of July, tracking day-to-day variability of ET with notable consistency. In the nonirrigated case, CIMIS-based ET fluctuations are significantly underestimated by the model. Our analysis shows the importance of accurate representation of urban irrigation in modeling studies, especially over water-scarce regions such as the Los Angeles metropolitan area. We also illustrate that the impacts of irrigation on simulated energy and water cycles are more critical for longer-term simulations due to the interactions between irrigation and soil moisture fluctuations.
Patterns of Family Meals and Food and Nutrition Intake in Limited Resource Families

It was anticipated that the frequency of family meals would positively influence the food group intake patterns of limited resource families with children. The sample consisted of new enrollees (N = 108) in the Nebraska Nutrition Education Program. The data included demographic information, 24-hour food recalls, family mealtime patterns, and a food group frequency questionnaire. One of the measures was the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), which compares the intake of individual nutrients to the Dietary Reference Intake. The 24-hour recalls showed that only 27.8% of the primary caregivers had a MAR < 75, which is considered to be adequate. For the total group of caregivers, the mean MAR score was 61. Chi-square tests revealed the following significant relationships between frequency of family meals and food consumption by the oldest school-aged child: increased frequency of family breakfast and the milk group; increased frequency of both family breakfast and lunch and 100% fruit juice; and increased frequency of family breakfast and fruit.
Anti-obesity drugs.

Background: Recent discoveries about the metabolic and genetic control systems that govern regulation of body weight and energy expenditure have afforded the opportunity to develop pharmacological agents that can be used as adjunctive treatments for patients with obesity. However, the scarcity of medications available or those that have made it to Phase III trials reflects the difficult challenge of manipulating the biology of appetite regulation. Objective: The aim of this study was to inform health professionals about new anti-obesity medications that target neuronal systems within the central nervous system and peripheral humoral proteins that send signals to the central nervous system. Methods: A critical review was conducted of information available from the medical literature. Results/conclusions: An emerging theme is to use combination therapies that are directed towards several targets or leverage existing gastrointestinal satiety hormonal signals. By using combination therapies, it is anticipated...
Genetic Analysis of Deoxyadenosine Toxicity in Dividing Human Lymphoblasts

An Inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) Impairs specifically the development of the human lymphoid system (reviewed In 1). In ADA deficient children, plasma deoxyadenosine (dAdo) concentrations reach 1-2 μM. Micromolar concentrations of dAdo are toxic toward Immature human T-lymphocytes, and toward T-Iymphoblastoid cell lines grown In medium supplemented with deoxycoformycin, a tight binding ADA Inhibitor.1 Compared to other cell types, human T-lymphoblasts preferentially phosphorylate dAdo and accumulate dATP.
Peroxidase heme linkages.

Abstract The evidence for horse-radish peroxidase heme linkages has been reinvestigated in the acid region and there no longer exists experimental support for a heme-linked hydroxyl group. The formation of inactive compound B and the splitting of the enzyme terminate the activity of the enzyme. A novel method for the preparation of peroxidase peroxide complex I is described.
Preschool Teachers’ Shared Beliefs About Appropriate Pedagogy for 4-Year-Olds

The 18 preschool teachers in the study tended to agree that preschool education for 4-year-olds should foremost be fun and engaging, not stressful. Teachers should develop curricula based on children’s interests and everyday lives, and allow children to choose their activities and to direct their own play and exploration at their own pace. The goal of preschool education should be to promote children’s social, emotional, and physical well-being, and not focus so much on academic learning.
Characterization of Contrast Enhancement in the Ablation Zone Immediately after Radiofrequency Ablation of Renal Tumors

Purpose To characterize the degree of contrast enhancement within the ablation zone immediately after radiofrequency (RF) ablation of renal tumors. Materials and Methods Patients with renal tumors treated with percutaneous RF ablation at one institution between January 2004 and October 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. For each tumor, computed tomography (CT) density measurements were made at four phases (noncontrast, arterial phase, parenchymal phase, and excretory phase) in each of four CT examinations (before ablation, day 0, 1 month, and 6 months). Results A total of 36 renal tumors in 34 patients were treated with CT-guided RF ablation in 35 sessions. Before RF ablation, all tumors exhibited enhancement after intravenous administration of contrast material. The peak density was reached during the parenchymal phase, with a partial washout of contrast agent in the excretory phase. On CT images acquired immediately after RF ablation (day 0), 28 of the 36 ablated tumors (78%) exhibited clinically significant homogeneous enhancement (ie, density change >10 HU) within the ablation zone. However, contrast-enhanced CT studies performed at 1 and 6 months revealed no clinically significant enhancements in any of the 36 treated tumors (mean density changes of 4 HU at 1 month and 3 HU at 6 months). Conclusions Contrast-enhanced CT studies revealed a mild, temporary homogenous contrast enhancement of the ablation zone immediately after RF ablation of renal tumors, which should not be mistaken for a residual, unablated tumor. This enhancement in the ablation zone eventually disappears in follow-up contrast-enhanced CT studies.
Some alterations in hemolymph proteins of Hemigrapsus nudus associated with temperature acclimation.

Abstract 1. 1. The purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus, was exposed to environmental temperatures 10 and 20°C, and the time course of changes in hemolymph proteins and clotting time was recorded. 2. 2. Results indicate that this animal exhibits responses to abrupt changes in environmental temperature characteristic of acclimation. Initial shifts of total hemocyanin concentrations of up to 54 per cent of initial value were followed by a return to within 2 per cent. 3. 3. Total hemolymph protein and hemolymph clotting time exhibited similar responses, with a correlation between these two variables of −095313814.
Relative responding on concurrent schedules: indexing ethanol's reinforcing efficacy.

Abstract Five rats were trained to lever press on a concurrent schedule resulting in 3 second access to a dipper (0.1 ml) with either ethanol (5% v/v) or water. Stable concurrent fixed ratio (FR8 FR8) ethanol and water responding was established. The proportion of responses for ethanol relative to the total number responses varied among rats from 77 to 98%. While the absolute number of responses for ethanol varied greatly day to day, the proportion of ethanol responding was stable. Absolute number of responses for ethanol and proportion of ethanol responding both declined as the body weight of the rats was allowed to increase from an initial 80% of ad lib to 110%, with absolute responding showing the greater change. It was concluded that the relative measure of responding on a concurrent schedule could be useful as an index of a drug's reinforcing efficacy, but must be interpreted carefully in regards to the context of drug availability.
The Mechanism of Polymerization of Fibrinogen.

Introduction.-Fibrinogen, a rod-like protein of length about 600 A and molecular weight about 350,000, polymerizes under the catalytic action of thrombin to form fibrin, a three-dimensional network structure. A network strand, as seen under the electron microscope, often exhibits uniform width and little curvature over lengths many hundred times that of fibrinogen; the strand width may range from double to many times that of fibrinogen (about 30 A), depending on the pH and ionic strength and other conditions. There is good evidence that the fibrinogen units retain their identity within the strands and that their long axes are aligned in the strand direction. Two intermediates in the polymerization process have been recently identified. The first (f) accumulates when thrombin activates fibrinogen at abnormally low pH (about 5),1 or at abnormally high ionic strength; it has the same gross size and shape as fibrinogen itself, though it has probably suffered the loss of one or more small fragments in the course of activation;2 it polymerizes rapidly when returned to the normal pH and ionic strength. A similar molecule is formed by dissolving fibrin in 3.5 M urea3 or 2 M lithium or sodium bromide.4 The second intermediate (fn) accumulates when thrombin activates fibrinogen in the presence of an inhibitor such as 0.5 M hexamethylene glycol,' 0.5 M lithium bromide, or 1 M urea.' It appears to be a partial polymer of f and is so symbolized; f can be converted to f~ and vice versa by changing the solvent composition;6 and f, dissociates to form f simply upon dilution."7 The conversion of fibrinogen (F) to fibrin is thus pictured as follows:
Justice, social policy, and the public's health.

crisis. Editorial after editorial appears in the daily press drawing attention to this crisis, and expressing concern about the future of our Western societies. Just two months ago, newspapers as diverse as the London Times, The New York Times, and Le Monde Diplomatique carried, almost simultaneously, a series of articles on the state of our Western system of power, a series that in all three papers appeared under the meaningful title of "What has gone wrong?" Answers to that question are many. One, frequently heard in academia, government circles, and international agencies, is that the process of industrialization, invading all spheres of our collective and personal lives, has transformed our societies into what one
Equal or proportional division of a surplus, and other methods

A cooperative venture yields a nonnegative surplus. Agents are differentiated by their opportunity costs only. Two surplus sharing methods (equal sharing, proportional sharing) are characterized with the help of four axioms. Separability and No Advantageous Reallocation deal with coalitional changes in the opportunity costs. Additivity and Path Independence take into account variations in the surplus level.Any triple of these axioms characterizes equalor proportional sharing. Any pair of axioms characterize a distinct, infinite family of methods, compromising between equal and proportional sharing.
Numerical Studies of Hopping Transport in Disordered Molecular Solids

Photoexcited charge conduction in molecularly-doped polymers can be described in terms of a biased random walk among a set of energetically and spatially disordered molecular centers. We describe a numerical renormalization procedure for studying hopping transport in disordered systems of this type. In this procedure, transport properties of cubic regions drawn randomly from the sample are calculated exactly using equation of motion methods. The original system is then replaced with a new one, defined on a larger length scale, but possessing the same macroscopic transport properties as the original. Fluctuations of the system are smaller at the new length scale, allowing for an accurate calculation of the conductivity using effective medium theory. The approach has been used to study the crossover between nearest-neighbor and variable-range hopping, where it has revealed that the exponential dependence of mobility of the mean interparticle spacing is substantially influenced by the magnitude of the energetic disorder in the system.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Perinatal changes of the activity of acyl-CoA: monoglyceride acyltransferase in the rat intestinal mucosa.

Die Aktivitat der Acyl-CoA: Monoglycerid Acyltransferase, eines Enzymes, das in der Esterifizierung der freien Fettsauren eine wichtige Rolle spielt, wurde wahrend der perinatalen Entwicklungsperiode der Ratte in der Dunndarmschleimhaut bestimmt. Im Foetus ist die Aktivitat niedrig, steigt nach der Geburt und zeigt in der Mitte der Sauglingsperiode die hochsten Werte, die 2–3mal hoher sind, als bei Erwachsenen. Die Befunde werden im Bezug auf die niedrige Lipaseaktivitat des gastrointestinalen Traktes sowie auf die hohe Fettaufnahme wahrend der Sauglingsperiode diskutiert.
Dietary induced changes in volatile fatty acid formation from α-cellulose-C14 and hemicellulose-C14.

Summary The effect of dietary changes and associative changes in ruminal microorganisms on volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation from C 14 -labeled polysaccharides was investigated. Cellulose-C 14 and hemicellulose-C 14 , isolated from orchard grass grown under a C 14 O 2 atmosphere, were incubated 4 hr with rumen ingesta obtained from a fistulated cow fed either alfalfa hay (H) or a 2.5:1 grain-alfalfa hay mixture (G). With cellulose-C 14 as the substrate, the molar acetate-C 14 :propionate-C 14 ratio with ingesta H was significantly greater (P 14 were also significantly greater (P 14 formed by way of the randomizing route, involving a four-carbon intermediate which is subsequently decarboxylated, ranged from 92% for ingesta H with cellulose to 77% for ingesta G with hemicellulose. There was an indication that the randomizing route of propionate formation was more important with ingesta H than with ingesta G.
Increased Prevalence of Fetal Thrombi in Monochorionic-Twin Placentas

OBJECTIVE. Fetal vessel thrombosis has been related to pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies, but the clinical and pathologic characteristics of fetal thrombosis in twin pregnancy are still ill defined. METHODS. To clarify the characteristics of fetal thrombosis in twins, we reviewed the histology slides and medical records of live-born infants of twin pregnancies involving the live birth of at least 1 fetus (monochorionic: 389 cases; dichorionic: 780 cases) and singleton pregnancies (1162 cases). RESULTS. The incidence of fetal thrombosis in monochorionic-twin pregnancies was significantly higher than that of dichorionic-twin and singleton pregnancies (5.1% vs 3.0% and 2.8%, respectively). The incidence of velamentous umbilical cord insertion in monochorionic- and dichorionic-twin placentas was also higher than in singleton placentas (12% and 7% vs 2%, respectively). Fetal thrombosis in twin placentas was associated with intrauterine growth restriction. In monochorionic twins, fetal thrombosis was associated with co-twin fetal death, but in dichorionic twins no correlation was identified. Microscopically, fetal vessel thrombosis in twin placentas was associated with vascular cushions (fibrous hyperplasia of fetal vessel), as is the case occasionally in singletons. CONCLUSIONS. The incidence of fetal vessel thrombosis in monochorionic placentas was higher than that seen in dichorionic-twin placentas and singleton gestations. Fetal vessel thrombosis in twin pregnancies showed a correlation with intrauterine growth restriction, peripheral cord insertions, and major vascular cushions.
Absolute and relative perturbation bounds for invariant subspaces of matrices

Absolute and relative perturbation bounds are derived for angles between invariant subspaces of complex square matrices, in the two-norm and in the Frobenius norm. The absolute bounds can be considered extensions of Davis and Kahan's sinθ theorem to general matrices and invariant subspaces of any dimension. The relative bounds are the most general relative bounds for invariant subspaces because they place no restrictions on the matrix or the perturbation. When the perturbed subspace has dimension one, the relative bound is implied by the absolute bound.
Vibration of Elastic Structures With Cracks

An anlytical algorithm is proposed to represent eignesolutions of an imperfect structure containing cracks in terms of crack configuration and eigensolutions of a perfect structure without the craks. To illustrate this algorithm on mechanical systems governed by the two dimensional Helmholtz operator, the Green's identity and Green's function are used
Constitutively Active Gαq and Gα13 Trigger Apoptosis through Different Pathways

We investigated the effect of expression of constitutively active Galpha mutants on cell survival. Transfection of constitutively active Galphaq and Galpha13 in two different cell lines caused condensation of genomic DNA and nuclear fragmentation. Endonuclease cleavage of genomic DNA was followed by labeling the DNA fragments and subsequent flow cytometric analysis. The observed cellular phenotype was identical to the phenotype displayed by cells undergoing apoptosis. To distinguish between the apoptosis-inducing ability of the two Galpha-subunits, the signaling pathways involved in this cellular function were investigated. Whereas Galpha q induced apoptosis via a protein kinaseC-dependent pathway, Galpha13 caused programmed cell death through a pathway involving the activation of the small G-protein Rho. Both of the pathways leading to apoptosis were blocked by overexpression of bcl-2. In contrast to other apoptosis-inducing systems, expression of constitutively active Galphaq and Galpha13 triggered apoptosis in high serum as well as in defined medium.
Application of the Triad Model in Teaching Counseling Process, Multicultural Sensitivity, and Providing Immediate Supervision

ABSTRACT Pedersen's Triad Model, based on the concept of a positive and negative internal dialogue, was applied in training students in a pre-practicum class. The model, originally conceptualized for multicultural communication, was observed for its ability to concurrently teach counseling process, multicultural sensitivity, and providing immediate supervision. The paper discusses how the model worked, the major learning, and recommendations for a future Study.
The spin susceptibility pseudogap due to Gaussian pairing in three dimensions

Abstract We study the normal state of a short coherence length superconductor in three dimensions. Of interest is the development of a pseudogap in the spin susceptibility due to strong pair correlations. We show that this suppression of the density of states occurs even for attraction that is too weak to support two-body bound states, and this effect thus cannot be attributed to pre-formed pairs. Further, we compare the scale T∗ at which the susceptibility is depressed with T c and with the mean-field transition temperature.
Patient care needs as a basis for development of objectives of physical medicine and rehabilitation teaching in undergraduate medical schools.

Abstract Rehabilitation problems are becoming more prevalent. They may occur in any type of practice and therefore all future clinicians should be exposed to the concept of rehabilitation and to the concept of the long-term management of patients. The students should be equipped with adequate skill levels to deal with the problems as they occur in their type of practice, utilizing referral to specialists and rehabilitation centers, utilizing consultation services by specialists and utilizing community resources. An attitude should be created on the part of the physicians that rehabilitation is a worthwhile effort and that he must play a major role in this health problem.
The Effects of Staff Training on the Types of Interactions Observed at Two Group Homes for Foster Care Children.

Objectives: An extensive literature base exists for behavioral parent training; however, few studies have focused on training direct care staff at group home and residential facilities for children...
On death, taxes, and sleep disorder bugs in smartphones

According to Benjamin Franklin, life holds but two certainties, death and taxes. As we enter the mobile era, the primary mobile device, i.e., the smartphone, faces the certainties of adopting agressive sleeping polices to conserve battery energy, requiring programmers to use explicit power control APIs to keep the SOC/CPU on, and a third certainty that unavoidably rises from these: sleep disorder bugs.In this paper, we articulate the fate and destiny of smartphone apps, sleep disorder bugs, as a critical technical challenge in the mobile era. We then present a taxonomy of sleep disorder bugs, and a categorization of time-critical sections which are the root cause of sleep disorders, in apps, framework services and the Android kernel. Finally, we present a unified system for detecting the spectrum of sleep disorder bugs.
The origin of ozone in the troposphere

Examination of the distribution of tropospheric ozone indicates that surface destruction in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) should be about three times larger than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). If, according to the traditional understanding of ozone, this species were a passive tracer in the troposphere, a threefold larger flux out of the stratosphere should exist in the NH than in the SH. However, meteorological analyses fail to support such pronounced hemispheric differences in stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Alternatively, therefore, it is hypothesized that photochemical synthesis of ozone in the troposphere may be particularly important in the NH because of asymmetries in the sources and distribution of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitric oxide.
Natural selection on marine carnivores elaborated a diverse family of classical MHC class I genes exhibiting haplotypic gene content variation and allelic polymorphism.

Pinnipeds, marine carnivores, diverged from terrestrial carnivores ~45 million years ago, before their adaptation to marine environments. This lifestyle change exposed pinnipeds to different microbiota and pathogens, with probable impact on their MHC class I genes. Investigating this question, genomic sequences were determined for 71 MHC class I variants: 27 from harbor seal and 44 from gray seal. These variants form three MHC class I gene lineages, one comprising a pseudogene. The second, a candidate nonclassical MHC class I gene, comprises a nonpolymorphic transcribed gene related to dog DLA-79 and giant panda Aime-1906. The third is the diversity lineage, which includes 62 of the 71 seal MHC class I variants. All are transcribed, and they minimally represent six harbor and 12 gray seal MHC class I genes. Besides species-specific differences in gene number, seal MHC class I haplotypes exhibit gene content variation and allelic polymorphism. Patterns of sequence variation, and of positions for positively selected sites, indicate the diversity lineage genes are the seals’ classical MHC class I genes. Evidence that expansion of diversity lineage genes began before gray and harbor seals diverged is the presence in both species of two distinctive sublineages of diversity lineage genes. Pointing to further expansion following the divergence are the presence of species-specific genes and greater MHC class I diversity in gray seals than harbor seals. The elaboration of a complex variable family of classical MHC class I genes in pinnipeds contrasts with the single, highly polymorphic classical MHC class I gene of dog and giant panda, terrestrial carnivores.
P1–15: Patterning of high density magnetic nanodot arrays by imprint lithography with hole tone template

Nanoimprint Lithography presents unique opportunities for high density patterning due to its advantages of sub-10nm resolution capability and high throughput. Imprint and pattern transfer with Pillar tone template were widely studies recently. However, there are several critical issues that still remain very challenging, including fabrication of pillar templates and pattern reverse from imprint holes to nano dots array at high density. In this Paper, we will demostrated the feasibility of imprint with hole tone template and its application in high-density nanodot array patterning. The authors have successfully demonstrated hole-tone template fabrication process and pattern transfer results with imprint pillar. The profile of imprint resist pillar was analyzed with cross-section scanning electron microscope(SEM). Pattern was transferred to underneath Co alloy thin films by ion beam milling into aligned dots with pitch of 50nm. Magnetic dots array were investigated with SEM and M-H loop measurement. Strong perpendicular anisotropy was induced by the patterning process. Magnetic measurement reveals through ion milling process, magnetization reversal was changed from domain wall pinning dominated to Stoner-Wohlfarth coherent rotation dominated. Coercivity and Remanence change during Ion beam etching were discussed. Extendibility to ultra-high density patterning is also investigated.
The phase of the ten-hour modulation in the Jovian magnetosphere /Pioneers 10 and 11/

We have systematized and recorded our study of the phase of the 10-hour modulation of energetic electrons seen by Pioneers 10 and 11 in the Jovian magnetosphere. To start with, we focus on the peaks rather than the valleys of each cycle because the peaks are where physically interesting features occur, such as particle acceleration, current sheets, etc. To identify the peaks, we demand that the instantaneous intensity be higher than the 5-hour running average and the 5-hour running average be greater than the 10-hour running average. These criteria select an interval rather than a point and we feel that this interval is an appropriate estimate of the experimental uncertainty. When the phases of the peaks are plotted together, they create patterns which we discuss in terms of disk-like, clock-like, and rotating anomaly models of the magnetosphere. Each model fits some of the data, but no model explains all of the data convincingly. We conclude that we still do not understand the configuration of the outer Jovian magnetosphere.
One-dimensional non-relativistic and relativistic Brownian motions: a microscopic collision model

Abstract We study a simple microscopic model for the one-dimensional stochastic motion of a (non-)relativistic Brownian particle, embedded into a heat bath consisting of (non-)relativistic particles. The stationary momentum distributions are identified self-consistently (for both Brownian and heat bath particles) by means of two coupled integral criteria. The latter follow directly from the kinematic conservation laws for the microscopic collision processes, provided one additionally assumes probabilistic independence of the initial momenta. It is shown that, in the non-relativistic case, the integral criteria do correctly identify the Maxwellian momentum distributions as stationary (invariant) solutions. Subsequently, we apply the same criteria to the relativistic case. Surprisingly, we find here that the stationary momentum distributions differ slightly from the standard Juttner distribution by an additional prefactor proportional to the inverse relativistic kinetic energy.