cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The graft-versus-lymphoma effect: Clinical review and future opportunities

Numerous lines of preclinical and clinical evidence support the existence of a graft-versus-leukemia effect, but less evidence supporting a comparable graft-versus-lymphoma effect exists. We review here current clinical data addressing the graft-versus-lymphoma effect, including comparisons of autologous, syngeneic, and allogeneic transplantation; responses to immunomodulation; and responses to nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation. Despite several limitations of the data, we believe that there is sufficient evidence suggesting a significant graft-versus-lymphoma effect. In addition, we discuss approaches for clinical management of lymphoma patients, opportunities for mechanistic studies afforded by donor leukocyte infusions and nonmyeloablative transplantation, and suggestions for clinical studies to further define the magnitude and applicability of the graft-versus-lymphoma effect.
Natural hybrid orbitals: Ab initio SCF and CI results for CO and NiCO

The natural hybrid orbital (NHO) procedure of Foster and Weinhold is generalized to treat ab initio SCF or CI wavefunctions in minimal or extended basis sets. The first applications of the ab initio NHO analysis to a series of wavefunctions for carbon monoxide and the NiCO complex are presented. Numerical and graphical comparisons of NHOs for these systems exhibit the effects of basis-set augmentation and electron correlation on the details of the natural “Lewis diagrams”. Hybrid p-character and bond polarization are found to be persistent features of the NHO description, well represented even at the minimal basis level. Extension of the basis set allows the natural lone pairs to delocalize somewhat, while the principal effect of electron correlation is to shift occupancy somewhat into the π*CO orbitals. The effect of coordination of CO to a Ni atom, as conventional chemical intuition would suggest, is to polarize the carbon lone pair more toward the metal atom and the πCO bond more toward the oxygen.
Modulation of gene expression using electrospun scaffolds with templated architecture.

The fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is a critical component to fulfill the promise of functional tissue engineered materials. We describe herein a simple technique, based on printed circuit board manufacturing, to produce novel templates for electrospinning scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. This technique facilitates fabrication of electrospun scaffolds with templated architecture, which we defined as a scaffold's bulk mechanical properties being driven by its fiber architecture. Electrospun scaffolds with templated architectures were characterized with regard to fiber alignment and mechanical properties. Fast Fourier transform analysis revealed a high degree of fiber alignment along the conducting traces of the templates. Mechanical testing showed that scaffolds demonstrated tunable mechanical properties as a function of templated architecture. Fibroblast seeded scaffolds were subjected to a peak strain of 3% or 10% at 0.5 Hz for 1 hour. Exposing seeded scaffolds to the low strain magnitude (3%) significantly increased collagen I gene expression compared to the high strain magnitude (10%) in a scaffold architecture dependent manner. These experiments indicate that scaffolds with templated architectures can be produced and modulation of gene expression is possible with templated architectures. This technology holds promise for the long term goal of creating tissue engineered replacements with the biomechanical and biochemical make-up of native tissues.
RELATIONAL HEALTH, ATTACHMENT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN COLLEGE WOMEN AND MEN

This study examines relational health, parental attachment, and psychological distress in college men and women from the perspective of the relational-cultural model (Jordan, Kaplan, Miller, Stiver...
Current Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Rheumatic Fever

Rheumatic fever is a multisystem inflammatory disease that occurs as a delayed sequelae to group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The important clinical manifestations are migratory polyarthritis, carditis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules and erythema marginatum occurring in varying combinations. The pathogenesis of this disorder remains elusive: an antigenic mimicry hypothesis best explains the affliction of various organ systems after a lag period following pharyngeal infection. In its classic milder form, the disorder is largely self-limited and resolves without sequelae, but carditis may be fatal in severe forms of the disease. Chronic and progressive damage to the heart valves leads to the most important public health manifestations of the disease. Anti-inflammatory agents provide dramatic clinical improvement, but do not prevent the subsequent development of rheumatic heart disease. The role of corticosteroids in treatment of carditis is uncertain and controlled studies have failed to demonstrate improved long term prognosis. Chorea, once considered a benign self-limited disease, is now felt to require more aggressive treatment, in particular with sedatives. Prevention of first and subsequent attacks of rheumatic fever is the mainstay in the limited arsenal available to alter the natural history of this disease.
Spine instrumentation failure after spine tumor resection and radiation: comparing conventional radiotherapy with stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes.

Objective To evaluate whether stereotactic spine radiosurgery (SRS) results in lower rates of instrumentation failure or higher rates of fusion compared with surgical decompression and stabilization combined with conventional fractionated radiation (XRT) in patients with spine tumors. Methods The Cleveland Clinic Spine Tumor board database was retrospectively reviewed. Only patients who underwent spine surgery with instrumentation followed by either SRS or XRT and who had at least 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up were included. Results The primary inclusion criteria were met by 15 instrumented and irradiated patients (8 SRS and 7 XRT). In the XRT group, 43% had instrumentation failure versus 0% instrumentation failure in the SRS group ( P = 0.08). Excluding patients with no bone graft, fusion rates were 50% in the SRS group versus 17% in the XRT group (not significant). Conclusions SRS precisely delivers ionizing radiation to tumors, while sparing the surrounding organs or vital structures. This study poses the question of whether a fusion site should also be considered a structure or organ at risk and whether SRS rather than XRT is more ideal in the postoperative setting. This relatively small series shows a trend toward higher fusion rates and a lower incidence of instrumentation failure with SRS and suggests that larger prospective studies are warranted.
Sex and Workstyle of Leaders and Followers: Determinants of Productivity

On whether the workstyle and sex of leaders and followers interact to affect productivity Fiedler's (1967) theory suggests a partial answer. He holds that peoples' workstyles are basically either task-oriented (concerned with task accomplishment) or relationshiporiented (concerned with coworkers' feelings). A leader's effectiveness, he feels, is determined by the interaction of leader worksryle and three situational variables: the task's stmcturedness, the leader's sanctioning power and his relationship with his followers. The task situation used was a favorable one, i.e., high structure, low power, good group relations. The theory predicts that task-oriented leaders would be the most productive here. Opposite-sexed leaders might elicit task-inappropriate follower responses. If so, such responses might interfere with productivity on this time limited task. Thus, it was hypothesized that opposite-sexed leaders would be the lease productive. Finally, it was expected that the most productive subjects would most enjoy the task. If so, it would be predicted that these subjects would give their groups higher pleasantness ratings than less productive subjects. The subjects were 168 male and 168 female undergraduates, divided into relationship-oriented and task-oriented groups on the basis of their premeasured Least Preferred Coworker Scale scores. Males were assigned roles as follows. The four highest (relationship-oriented) and four lowest (task-oriented) scorers were designated as leaders. The 16 males just above and just below the median were the 32 observers. The remaining 128 males were assigned to either task-oriented or relationship-oriented groups on the basis of their prerneasure. Females were assigned roles through the same procedure (see Table I).' Four followers of the same sex and workstyle comprised a unit which was told to assemble a standard hollow-square Wich a randomly assigned leader, they were to discuss and visually examine (but not touch) the puzzle for five minutes. This was followed by an 18-min. construction period, during which puzzle pieces were moved by followers. The leader was limited to verbal participation. The observers, who were the same sex as the leaders, neither talked nor participated during the task. They simply recorded the pieces correctly placed at the end of three 6-min. ~eriods during construction. If the task was completed early, they recorded the total elapsed time. These records served as productivity measures.
Financial Collapse: A Lesson from the Great Depression

Abstract We analyze financial collapses, such as the one that occurred during the U.S. Great Depression, from the perspective of a monetary model with multiple equilibria. The multiplicity arises from the presence of a strategic complementarity due to increasing returns to scale in the intermediation process. Intermediaries provide the link between savers and firms who require working capital for production. Fluctuations in the intermediation process are driven by variations in the confidence agents place in the financial system. From a positive perspective, our model matches quite closely the qualitative changes in important financial and real variables (the currency/deposit ratio, ex post real interest rates, deflation and production) over the Great Depression period, an experience often attributed to financial collapse. Further, we assess whether the policy prescription advocated by Friedman and Schwartz, adding liquidity to the banking system through increases in the money supply, would have overcome strategic uncertainty and thus avoided a financial collapse.
Two-Dimensional Diffusion-Probabilistic Model of a Slow DAM Break

: A two-dimensional model of a dam-break flood wave is developed by simplifying the St. Venant equations to eliminate local acceleration and inertial terms and combining the simplified equations with continuity to form a diffusion type partial differential equation. This model is cascaded with a two point probability estimate scheme to account for uncertainty in the dam break flood hydrograph and channel roughness. The development and application of the probabilistic model is the main contribution of this paper. The approach is applied to a hypothetical dam break of Long Valley Dam on the Owens River above Bishop, California.
Effects of ozone on evaporative water loss and thermoregulatory behavior of marine toads (Bufo marinus).

Abstract Ozone (O3) is a strong pulmonary irritant and causes a suite of respiratory tract inflammatory responses in humans and other mammals. In addition to lung injury, rodents exposed to O3 exhibit a pronounced decrease in core body temperature at rest, which may offer a protective effect against O3 damage. The effects of O3 on other vertebrates have not been studied. Compared to individuals exposed to air (N=34), Bufo marinus toads exposed to O3 (N=32) for 4 h lost 3.78 g body mass (adjusted mean from analysis of covariance, body mass mean±SD, 90.1±21.90 g). We tested the thermoregulatory responses of 22 toads in a thermal gradient 1, 24, and 48 h after 4-h exposure to air (N=11) or 0.8 ppm O3 (N=11). Individual toad thermal preferences were also significantly repeatable across all trials (intraclass correlation=0.66, P
Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast

Male mammary carcinoma (MMC) affects approximately 1000 men in the United States each year. Aside from the impact of estrogen-receptor positivity on the clinical course of this tumor, relatively little information exists in published form on the ability of special pathologic studies to predict its biologic behavior. The authors analyzed 26 cases of invasive ductal MMC, comparing overall survival with tumor size, histologic grade (Page and Anderson), immunohistologic estrogen receptor protein status, DNA ploidy, expression of S 100 and gross cystic disease fluid proteins, and immunohisto chemically-detected amplification of the c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) oncoprotein. Tumor size and amplification of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein emerged as the statistically significant predictors in this group; MMCs of <2 cm had a more favorable prognosis than large tumors. Estrogen receptor protein was seen in 80% of cases; c-erbB-2 amplification was present in 35%; 80% were DNA-aneuploid; and S 100 and gross cystic disease fluid were ob...
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polyacrylates and polymethacrylates containing benzyl ether and diphenyl ethane based mesogens

The synthesis and radical polymerization of a novel series of acrylates and methacrylates containing p-cyanophenyl-p-hydroxybenzyl ether, p-methoxyphenyl-p-hydroxybenzyl ether, and 1-(p-cyanophenyl)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl) ethane groups attached to the polymerizable group through aliphatic spacers containing 11 and 6 methylenic units is described. The resulting polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarization microscopy. All polymers exhibited enantiotropic mesomorphism. Low molar mass compounds based on benzyl ether or diphenyl ethane units exhibit only monotropic or virtual transitions. This demonstrates that the “polymer effect” stabilizes mesophases obtained from “mesogenic units” which do not contain rigid interconnecting groups.
Prognosis of patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis: Results of a multicenter study

Despite several decades of clinical experience, the mortality rate for patients with acute renal failure (ARF) requiring dialysis remains high, and the evaluation of the patients prognosis has been difficult. To date, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring system has been used more frequently for prediction in studies of ARF than any other scoring system, but has not been prospectively validated in controlled multicenter studies of this entity. In a multicenter, prospective, controlled trial evaluating the use of biocompatible hemodialysis membranes (BCMs) in patients with ARF, we evaluated the extent to which the APACHE II scoring system, based on the physiological variables in the 24 hours before the onset of dialysis and the presence or absence of oliguria, is predictive of outcome. Analysis of survival and recovery of renal function for the 153 patients treated in this study show that APACHE II scores are predictive both of survival and recovery of renal function, whether analyzed separately by type of dialysis membrane used (BCM or bioincompatible [BICM]) or for both groups combined (all P < 0.01). There was no evidence of a significant center effect or interaction of APACHE II score with dialysis membrane in our study. After adjusting for the APACHE II score, there was a positive effect of the BCM on both probability of survival (P < 0.05) and recovery of renal function (P < 0.01). In patients dialyzed with BCMs, oliguria at onset of dialysis had an adverse effect on both survival and recovery of renal function (both P < 0.01). Receiver operator curves (ROCs) using APACHE II score and the use of BCMs in nonoliguric patients yielded a statistically significant improvement versus the use of APACHE II score alone in the area under the curve (AUC) for survival (0.747 to 0.801; P < 0.05) and recovery of renal function (0.712 to 0.775; P < 0.05). We conclude that the use of the APACHE II score determined at the time of initiation of dialysis for patients with ARF is a statistically significant predictor of patient survival and recovery of renal function. The use of the APACHE II score measured at the time of dialysis initiation, especially when modified by the presence or absence of oliguria, should help in predicting outcome when evaluating interventions for patients with ARF.
The Virgin Mary in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Literature and Popular Culture

Preface 1. 1538 and after: the Virgin Mary in the century of iconoclasm Part I. The Virgin Mary in Late Medieval Culture to 1538: 2. The sexualization of the Virgin in the late Middle Ages 3. The Virgin's body in late medieval poetry, romance, and drama 4. Walsingham or Falsingham, Woolpit or Foulpit? Marian shrines and pilgrimage before the Dissolution Part II. Fades, Traces: Transformations of the Virgin in Early Modern England: 5. Fades: Elizabethan ruins, tunes, ballads, poems 6. Traces: English Petrarchism and the veneration of the Virgin 7. Traces: Shakespeare and the Virgin: All's Well That Ends Well, Pericles, and The Winter's Tale 8. Multiple Madonnas: traces and transformations in the seventeenth century and beyond Works cited Index.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Molecular Beams

The history of physical science in this century is replete with examples of phenomena initially discovered and investigated by physicists, which have subsequently become tools of the chemists. Visible and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and Mossbauer experiments are but a few examples of this trend. I shall try to demonstrate in this paper that the field of photoelectron spectroscopy may develop in a reverse fashion.
The prewave in CO oxidation over roughened and Sn alloyed Pt surfaces: possible structure and electronic causes

Abstract Atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) calculations with cluster models of stepped and rough (111) Pt and Pt–Sn alloy surfaces support a picture wherein the easily-oxidized CO(ads), that is present at high coverges and has an oxidation onset potential 0.4–0.5 V (H 2 ) lower than the main, hard-to-oxidize CO(ads) peak, goes by a mechanism wherein a H 2 O molecule attacks the CO. This is followed by oxidation and deprotonation. Results indicate that this reaction is possible at step edge sites of rough surfaces and at edges of substitutional surface islands of two or more Sn atoms in alloy surfaces. The potential dependencies for these reactions as calculated using the ASED-MO band-shift include decreasing activation energies with increasing potential and the prediction of a lower oxidation onset voltage for the alloy compared to the rough surface, in agreement with experimental measurements from the literature. A subsurface Sn layer is calculated to greatly weaken the H 2 O but not the CO adsorption bond strengths to surface Pt and therefore such sites would not be expected to contribute to the prewave.
How to integrate FPGAs into a computer organization course

A crucial part of the Computer Organization course is the examination of and experimentation with digital logic circuits. In departments with limited budgets, however, this activity can be problematic. Due to historical roots and enrollment sizes, departments tend to focus on software aspects of computer science. This means that hardware concerns are often relegated to textbook and paper-and-pencil examination. This paper details how to use field programmable gate arrays -- hardware gates with a programming interconnection switch -- in the Computer Organization course. We will overview the reasons for using them, outline ways to use them effectively and cheaply, and demonstrate FEWD, our system for integrating visual design with FPGAs for student experimentation.
Optical mapping of the atrioventricular junction

In the normal heart, the atrioventricular node (AVN) is part of the sole pathway between the atria and ventricles, and is responsible for the appropriate atrial-ventricular delay. Under normal physiological conditions, the AVN controls appropriate frequency-dependent delay of contractions. The AVN also plays an important role in pathology: it protects ventricles during atrial tachyarrhythmia, and during sinoatrial node failure the atrioventricular (AV) junction assumes the role of pacemaker. Finally, the AV junction provides an anatomic substrate for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, which is the most prevalent supraventricular tachycardia in humans. Using fluorescent imaging with voltage-sensitive dye and immunohistochemistry, we have investigated the structure-function relationship of the atrioventricular (AV) junction during normal conduction, reentry, and junctional rhythm. We identified the site of origin of junctional rhythm at the posterior extension of the AV node (AVN) in 78% (n=23) of the studied hearts and we found that this pacemaker is sensitive to autonomic control. For instance, when the autonomic nervous system was activated using subthreshold stimulation, a transient accelerated junctional rhythm was observed when subthreshold stimulation was terminated. A very similar phenomenon is observed clinically during slow pathway ablations treating AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The autonomic control of the AV junction was investigated using immunohistochemistry, showing that the AV junction of the rabbit is very densely innervated with both cholinergic and adrenergic neurons. The posterior AV nodal extension was similar to the compact AVN as determined by morphologic and molecular investigations. In particular, both the posterior extension and the compact node express the pacemaking channel HCN4 (responsible for the IF current) and neurofilament 160. In the rabbit heart, AV junction conduction, reentrant arrhythmia, and spontaneous rhythm are governed by heterogeneity of expression of several isoforms of gap junctions and ion channels, and these properties are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Uniform neurofilament expression suggests that AV nodal posterior extensions are an integral part of the cardiac pacemaking and conduction system.
Bioconjugated Luminescent Nanoparticles for Biological Applications

Abstract Inorganic nanostructures that interface with biological systems have recently attracted widespread interest in biology and medicine. Nanoparticles are thought to have potential as novel luminescent probes for both diagnostic (e.g., imaging) and therapeutic (e.g., drug delivery) purposes because of their size comparable to biomolecules and their novel optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Critical issues for successful nanoparticle delivery include the ability to target specific tissues and cell types and escape from the biological particulate filter known as reticuloendothelial system. Three distinct types of luminescent nanoparticles have been identified which show promise in bioanalysis, namely dye‐doped nanoparticles, semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. In this article we examine the recent advances in the development of dye‐doped nanoparticles, metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, bioconjugation schemes to attach these nanoparticles to biomolecules and a few biological applications.
Directional Coupler Modulators for High Speed Diagnostics

We discuss the design, fabrication, and evaluation of integrated optical devices for application to high speed diagnostic systems. In particular, we focus on directional coupler modulators designed for analog modulation of large signals at 810 nm.
Optical thin films on polarization preserving cube corner retroreflectors

Phase controlled optical thin films on solid cube corner retroreflectors have been shown to successfully maintain the polarization state of the incident light. This paper considers the theoretical basis for this effect when only two of the three total internal reflecting faces of the cube corner have coatings with zero phase retardation and when the incident light is monochromatic and S or P polarized. Such polarization preserving retroreflectors are highly useful and are integral components in advanced heterodyne displacement measuring interferometer systems.
Telling and retelling about self and “others”: How pre-service teachers (re)interpret privilege and disadvantage in one college classroom

Abstract This paper examines how a group of mostly white, (upper) middle class pre-service teachers expressed resistance in one multicultural education course. We analyze how these students re-evaluated their educational autobiographies upon comparing their educational “story” with that of an “other” of a different race and social class whom they had interviewed. Findings reveal that despite variation in students’ incoming ideological dispositions, they all rationalized inequality by clinging to moral evaluations of their own achievements and that of others like and unlike them. Teacher-educators have wrangled insufficiently with the moral logic that rationalizes unearned privilege, accounting, in part, for the kinds of resistance these students demonstrated.
Vasopressor responses and hypoxemia with acutely increased intracranial pressure.

We studied anesthetized dogs subjected to graded increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) to assess the role of the systemic vasopressor (Cushing) response in the arterial hypoxemia associated with increased ICP. The arterial PO2 decrement was significantly greater with rapidly increased ICP compared to slowly increased ICP (P<0.01). Systemic vasopressor responses generated in cats by direct electrical stimulation of the vasomotor center resulted in arterial hypoxemia during controlled ventilation. Therefore, arterial hypoxemia was coincident with increased systemic blood pressure produced by either elevation of ICP or electrical stimulation of the vasomotor center.
Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene expression and evolution

The sequence of the entire RNA genome of the type flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been obtained. Inspection of this sequence reveals a single long open reading frame of 10,233 nucleotides, which could encode a polypeptide of 3411 amino acids. The structural proteins are found within the amino-terminal 780 residues of this polyprotein; the remainder of the open reading frame consists of nonstructural viral polypeptides. This genome organization implies that mature viral proteins are produced by posttranslational cleavage of a polyprotein precursor and has implications for flavivirus RNA replication and for the evolutionary relation of this virus family to other RNA viruses.
Synthesis of CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots for biological sensing applications

A simple, room temperature, one-pot method to produce biocompatible CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution is presented. CdCl2 and NaSeSO3 are the precursors for the CdSe core where gelatin is used as an inhibitor. A CdS shell is grown by injecting H2S gas, generated by a reaction between sulfuric and sodium sulfide, into the solution. This fast, low cost synthesis approach is simple for scale-up production of QDs. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the bare CdSe quantum dots were 2-3 nm in diameter. The emission peak from the CdSe can be tuned over most of the visible wavelength (from 520nm to 600 nm) as the diameter of the QDs is allowed to increase before growth of the CdS shell. The core/shell structure was confirmed via UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, PL studies, and structural characterization (XRD). The higher band gap CdS coatings significantly enhanced the photoluminescence (PL) of CdSe quantum dots by a factor of 2-3. However, the large lattice mismatch between the CdS coating and the CdSe core results in eventually quenched luminescence from CdSe with thicker CdS coatings. To increase the photochemical stability and biocompatibility of the CdSe/CdS QDs, a silica coating is grown directly on the QDs. Preliminary data indicates that the PL from CdSe/CdS QDs post-growth is affected as the applied electric field is altered. Efforts to functionalize the QDs with DNA and antibodies have begun. Studies have been initiated to demonstrate the feasibility of microinjecting the QDs into Xenopus embryo with minimal post-synthesis processing.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Indole Aza-Claisen Rearrangement Mediated by an Arene CH–O Interaction

Although the aromatic aza-Claisen rearrangement is a general strategy for accessing substituted aromatic amines, there are no highly enantioselective examples of this process. We report the first Bronsted acid catalyzed enantioselective indole aza-Claisen rearrangement for the synthesis of chiral 3-amino-2-substituted indoles. We present evidence for an arene CH-O interaction as a source of activation and stereoinduction, which is an unprecedented phenomenon in enantioselective Bronsted acid catalysis. The products of this reaction can be transformed into 3-aminooxindoles, which are prevalent in many biologically active small molecules.
Métrologie et intervention à distance sur les ateliers de tête de l'usine de traitement des combustibles usés

Un phenomene d'usure par abrasion des goulottes en Zirconium 702 est apparu dans les ateliers de tete des usines de traitement des combustibles irradies de La Hague. Celui-ci a donne lieu a l'apparition d'un percement dans l'atelier R1 apres 5500 tonnes d'UO 2 traitees en 2001. Le present article presente les outils de metrologie et d'intervention developpes afin de restaurer l'etancheite et disposer des protections localisees dans un delai de 6 semaines de realisation apres detection de l'incident. Depuis lors, des operations de reparation globale des goulottes offrant des perspectives de duree de vie conformes aux objectifs initiaux de l'investissement industriel ont ete menees a bien par les equipes de AREVA NC BUT et SGN.
The enigma of local recurrence

Local recurrence has long been seen as a technical surgical failure to be avoided at all costs. This paper reviews the significance of local recurrence for the patient in terms of survival, using data derived from the study of extremity soft tissue sarcoma.
Formal methodology of translation. II. Capabilities and limitations

We investigate capabilities and limitations of table translators. The importance to translation of the manner of specification of the syntax and semantics of languages is demonstrated. We develop a case for restricting the specification of the syntax and semantics of languages, and examine the translation of languages described in the restricted manner.
Convergence of discretization procedures in dynamic programming

The computational solution of discrete-time stochastic optimal control problems by dynamic programming requires, in most cases, discretization of the state and control spaces whenever these spaces are infinite. In this short paper we consider a discretization procedure often employed in practice. Under certain compactness and Lipschitz continuity assumptions we show that the solution of the discretized algorithm converges to the solution of the continuous algorithm, as the discretization grids become finer and finer. Furthermore, any control law obtained from the discretized algorithm results in a value of the cost functional which converges to the optimal value of the problem.
Automated Densimeter for the Rapid Characterization of Industrial Fluids

An apparatus for the automated measurement of the densities of compressed liquids over the temperature range of 270−470 K with pressures to 50 MPa is described. The heart of the apparatus is a commercial vibrating-tube densimeter. To minimize the uncertainty in our measurements, several physical and procedural improvements have been implemented beyond that of the commercial instrument operated in a stand-alone mode. The apparatus was designed, and software has been written, so that the operation and data acquisition are fully automated. The densimeter was calibrated using measurements under vacuum, as well as in propane and toluene, over the temperature and pressure ranges of the apparatus. Performance measurements on dimethyl ether are reported from 270 K to 470 K, up to pressures of 46 MPa, with an uncertainty of 0.64−0.81 kg/m3.
901-78 Early Noninvasive Detection of Hypovolemia Secondary to Acute Blood Loss Using Pulse Volume Analysis

Hypovolemic shock is difficult to recognize in its early stages because clinically significant changes in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and urine output occur late in its course. This study was conducted to determine if changes in peripheral pulse volume (PV) occur early in acute blood loss, prior to clinically significant changes in HR or BP. PV is defined as the maximum change in volume of a limb segment (e.g. calf) occuring during the cardiac cycle and is measured noninvasively with a digitally enhanced admittance plethysmograph. HR, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and calf PV (in microliters, μL) were measured in 35 male blood donors (age = 38.7 ± 11.1 [sd] yrs, weight = 87.7 ± 15.3 [sd] kg) before and after donating a unit of whole blood (the average blood loss was 5.3 ± 0.9 [sd] ml/kg). Pre and post donation measurements were compared using paired Student's t-test. The results (mean ± se) are tabulated below and illustrated above: Pre-Donation Post-Donation Change Significance HR (/min) 68.5 ± 1.5 69.8 ± 1.5 1.4 ± 0.6 p l 0.02 SBP (mmHg) 143.1 ± 2.5 1458 ± 3.1 2.9 ± 2.3 n.s DBP (mmHg) 732 ± 2.0 75.7 ± 1.7 1.9 ± 1.5 n.s. PVIJ (μL) 1151 ± 64 954 ± 39 -197 ± 53 p l 0.0001 Download : Download high-res image (69KB) Download : Download full-size image There were no significant changes in either SBP or DBR. The HR increased significantly, but by only 2.0% (p l 0.02). The PV decreased by 17.1% (p l 0.0001), which is 8.6 times greater than the percent change in heart rate (p l 0.01). The PV decrease correlated with the blood loss per kg (r = 0.46, p l 0.01). We conclude that a significant change in PV occurs with relatively minor blood loss. Pulse volume analysis may therefore provide an early indication of hypovolemia due to acute blood loss.
Proton Scattering from Even Samarium Isotopes

Differential cross sections have been taken of 16-MeV protons elastically and inelastically scattered from even samarium isotopes. The behavior of the angular distributions exhibits marked change as the transition from the spherical vibrational nuclei to the deformed rotational nuclei is made. Results compare well with predictions of coupled channel calculations.
CMSM: an efficient and effective code management for software managed multicores

As we scale the number of cores in a multicore processor, scaling the memory hierarchy is a major challenge. Software Managed Multicore (SMM) architectures are one of the promising solutions. In an SMM architecture, there are no caches, and each core has only a local scratchpad memory. If all the code and data of the task mapped to a core do not fit on its local scratchpad memory, then explicit code and data management is required. In this paper, we solve the problem of efficiently managing code on an SMM architecture. We extend the state of the art by: i) correctly calculating the code management overhead, ii) even in the presence of branches in the task, and iii) developing a heuristic CMSM (Code Mapping for Software Managed multicores) that results in efficient code management execution on the local scratchpad memory. Our experimental results collected after executing applications from MiBench suite [1] on the Cell SPEs (Cell is an SMM architecture) [2], demonstrate that correct management cost calculation and branch consideration can improve performance by 12%. Our heuristic CMSM can reduce runtime in more than 80% of the cases, and by up to 20% on our set of benchmarks.
Radiofrequency and cryoablation for cancer pain

Prevalence of pain in patients with cancer is high and is a feared and burdensome symptom. There has been a paradigm shift away from the World Health Organization ladder with adoption of interventional treatments early on in the treatment of cancer pain. Intentional destruction of nerves (neurolysis) with chemical (alcohol or phenol), heat (radiofrequency), or cold (cryo) are treatment modalities used to treat cancer pain. These management modalities have become both mainstays of cancer pain therapy and adjuvants to medical management. Chemical neurolysis with phenol or alcohol are commonly used for sympathetic neurolysis. Radiofrequency ablation (conventional and pulsed) and cryoablation are widely used in the treatment of nonmalignant pain. The published data on the use of theses modalities in the cancer population consist mainly of case reports. At the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Care Center, neuroablative techniques are frequently used to control refractory cancer pain. The evolution, histologic effect of radiofrequency and cryoablation, and their application are reviewed herein. Common clinical applications and specific techniques conducted at MD Anderson Cancer Care Center are used as examples of how these techniques can be applied to treat cancer related pain.
Effects of a Drug‐testing Programme on Employee Attitudes, Productivity and Attendance Behaviours

Presents a longitudinal field study which compares changes in perceptions of productivity and attendance behaviours for participants in a drug‐testing programme in a manufacturing firm in the mid‐western USA. Employee efficiency, productivity and absenteeism changes related to the implementation of the drug‐testing programme were measured by collecting and analysing actual organizational data. Data for each of the measures were collected for a 42‐month period, ranging from 18 months prior to the implementation of the programme to 24 months after the programme began. The attitudinal results provide, at best, circumspect support for the claims of drug‐testing proponents that the programme reduces drug abuse in the workplace and improves overall productivity. The performance results, however, document a positive and substantial impact of drug‐testing initiative on employee productivity and absenteeism rates.
Factor structure, factor indexes, and other useful statistics for interpretation of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL)

Abstract Using the method of principal factors with varimax and promax rotations, the 14 subtests of the TOMAL were subjected to a factor analysis using correlation matrices derived from the standardization sample. A 4-factor solution was chosen as the overall best solution when mathematical and neuropsychological variables were considered jointly. These factors (Complex Memory, Sequential Memory, Backwards Memory, and Spatial Memory) were used to develop unit-weighted factor indexes based on responses of the original standardization sample. Normative tables, reliability data, and factor structures are reported for clinical use.
Tumor microsomal metabolism of the food toxicant, benzo(a)pyrene, in ApcMin mouse model of colon cancer.

The present study was conducted to investigate whether colon tumors were capable of metabolizing benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and fluoranthene (FLA), two toxicants that belong to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon family of compounds. Microsomes were isolated from the colon tumors of Apc Min mice that received subchronic doses of 50 μg/kg BaP and incubated with either BaP or FLA (3 μM each) alone or in combination and appropriate control groups that received nothing. Subsequent to incubation, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed for BaP and FLA metabolites by reverse-phase HPLC equipped with fluorescence detection. Microsomes from tumor tissues were found to metabolize BaP to a greater extent than those from the non-tumor tissues. The rate of BaP metabolism (picomoles of metabolite per minute per milligram of protein) was found to be more when microsomes from BaP-pretreated mice were exposed to BaP alone and FLA in combination with BaP, compared to controls. The microsomes from BaP-preexposed mice generated greater proportion of BaP 7,8-diol and BaP 3,6- and 6,12-diones compared to other experimental groups. Additionally, microsomes from BaP-pretreated mice produced greater proportion of FLA 2, 3-diol and 2, 3 D FLA when microsomes were incubated with FLA alone or a combination of BaP and FLA. Our studies revealed that the tumor microsomes were competent to metabolize BaP and FLA either singly or in combination. The biotransformation of BaP and FLA as a consequence of prior and simultaneous exposure to BaP may influence the growth of tumors. Our findings may have relevance to human long-term dietary intake of these toxicants and the consequent acceleration of the colon carcinogenesis process.
A new system of male induction in Volvox aureus M5.

Abstract The differentiation of male colonies can be induced in Volvox aureus M5 by a combination of a Volvox extract and calf thymus histones. The activity of the extract is completely destroyed by pronase but not by ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease.
Observations of spheromak equilibria which differ from the minimum-energy state and have internal kink distortions.

Experimental spheromak magnetic equilibria are measured which differ significantly from the minimum-energy state, and are well described by a numerical model where ${j}_{?}$/B has a linear dependence on the poloidal flux function. Equilibria are determined in a nonperturbing manner by the combination of measurements of flux-conserver image currents with calculations from this model. These equilibria are corroborated by the observation of nondisruptive rotating internal kink distortions (with toroidal mode numbers n=1, 2, and 3), coupled with theoretical thresholds for the onset of these modes.
Long-term osseous sequelae after acute trauma of the knee joint evaluated by MRI.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the frequency and location and to determine the long-term MR changes in patients with edema-like bone marrow abnormalities after acute knee trauma. Design and patients. A cohort of 176 consecutive patients in a 29 month period with acute injury of the knee joint was examined with MRI. Forty-nine patients with bone marrow edema-like signal alteration on the initial MR examination were re-evaluated with MRI after a minimum of 2 years (mean 44 months). Signal alterations and contour abnormalities on the initial and follow-up MR examinations were classified. The volume of the edema was also measured. Results. There was a prevalence of post-traumatic edema-like signal changes of 72% in 176 patients. In the follow-up group (n=49) the initial MR examination showed 80 areas of signal change with a mean volume of 15.5 cm3 (range 0.25–175 cm3). Thirty-five (44%) were signal changes without other bony or cartilaginous injuries, 19 (24%) were subchondral impaction fractures and 26 (33%) were osteochondral or chondral fractures. Sixty-nine percent of the lesions were located in the lateral, and 29% in the medial joint compartment. Three percent were patellar lesions. In seven of the 49 patients (14%) eight signal changes were seen on the follow-up MR examination. Six lesions were located in the same anatomic area as on the initial MR examination, and two new lesions had developed. The volume of the bone marrow edema was smaller in all persisting lesions (mean volume 2.26 cm3, range 0.3–4.8 cm3). Deterioration of the subchondral impaction, chondral/osteochondral fracture or lesions resembling osteonecrosis were not found in any patient. Conclusions. The majority of acute post-traumatic marrow signal changes are found in the lateral compartment and do not show additional osseous or chondral alterations. After a minimum of 2 years acute post-traumatic bone marrow edema-like signal alterations vanish in the majority of patients. Even more severe articular surface injuries such as subchondral bone impaction or chondral/osteochondral fractures will heal without obvious osseous long-term sequelae. Post-traumatic osteonecrosis, as reported in the literature, must be a rare event after acute knee trauma.
Stress analysis of an orthotropic material under diametral compression

The diametral compression test is commonly used to determine the tensile strength of brittle materials. For isotropic materials a simple relation based on specimen geometry and the applied load at failure is used to calculate the tensile strength. Previous to this work the effect of material orthotropy and material orientation on the specimen stress state had not been completely determined. In this study, both isotropic and orthotropic specimens were analyzed using a finite element analysis and experimentally verified by strain gage and photoelastic measurements. Further, this work investigated the effect of the applied load area on the specimen stress state. Results of this work show that there is a significant difference between the theoretical calculations based on the assumption of material isotropy when compared to an orthotropic material. This difference can be as much as 45 percent depending on the degree of orthotropy and the orientation. It was also determined that the applied load area and material orientation significantly influence the specimen stress state. An applied load area of 8 percent of the circumference was found to reduce the stresses in the applied load region.
Factoring large numbers with programmable hardware

Most advanced forms of security for electronic transactions rely on the public-key cryptosystems developed by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. Unfortunately, these systems are only secure while it remains difficult to factor large integers. The fastest published algorithms for factoring large numbers have a common sieving step. These sieves collect numbers that are completely factored by a set of prime numbers that are known in advance. Furthermore, the time required to execute these sieves currently dominates the runtime of the factoring algorithms. We show how the sieving process can be mapped to the Mojave configurable computing architecture. The mapping exploits unique properties of the sieving algorithms to fully utilize the bandwidth of a multiple bank interleaved memory system. The sieve has been mapped to a single programmable hardware unit on the Mojave computer, and achieves a clock frequency of 16 MHz. The full system implementation sieves over 28 times faster than an UltraSPARC Workstation. A simple upgrade to 8ns SRAMs will result in a speedup factor of 160.
A composite step conjugate gradients squared algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear systems

We propose a new and more stable variant of the CGS method [27] for solving nonsymmetric linear systems. The method is based on squaring the Composite Step BCG method, introduced recently by Bank and Chan [1,2], which itself is a stabilized variant of BCG in that it skips over steps for which the BCG iterate is not defined and causes one kind of breakdown in BCG. By doing this, we obtain a method (Composite Step CGS or CSCGS) which not only handles the breakdowns described above, but does so with the advantages of CGS, namely, no multiplications by the transpose matrix and a faster convergence rate than BCG. Our strategy for deciding whether to skip a step does not involve any machine dependent parameters and is designed to skip near breakdowns as well as produce smoother iterates. Numerical experiments show that the new method does produce improved performance over CGS on practical problems.