cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereologic study of the hypothalamic infundibular nucleus in young and older women

Aging in women is associated with dramatic changes in neuronal morphology and neuropeptide gene expression in the medial basal hypothalamus. There is hypertrophy of neurons expressing substance P and neurokinin B gene transcripts in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, accompanied by increased tachykinin gene expression. In addition, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression is increased in a separate subpopulation of neurons within the medial basal hypothalamus. In contrast, the number of neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the infundibular nucleus of older women is decreased. To determine whether neuronal degeneration contributes to these phenomena, unbiased stereologic methods were used to compare the total number of infundibular neurons between groups of young (premenopausal) and older (postmenopausal) women. There was no significant difference in the total number of infundibular neurons between young (520,000 +/- 42,000 neurons, mean +/- SEM) and older women (505,000 +/- 51,000 neurons, mean +/- SEM). The mean volume of neuronal somata, however, was increased by 40% in the older women (young, 1,860 +/- 180 microm(3) vs. older, 2,610 +/- 230 microm(3), mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that neuronal hypertrophy in older women is not accompanied by degeneration of the infundibular nucleus. We conclude that the loss of menstrual cyclicity in middle-aged women cannot be explained by loss of neurons within the hypothalamic control center for reproduction.
Candide Shoots the Monkey Lovers: Representing Black Men in Eighteenth-Century French Visual Culture

This essay analyzes a shift in racialized regimes of visual signification in French metropolitan culture during the long eighteenth century. The author explores two symbolically central figures—the dismembered black slave and the black rapist/lover who is “duly punished”—by undertaking an intertextual reading of two sets of illustrations of Voltaire's Candide (1759) designed by Moreau le Jeune. Separated by the French and Haitian Revolutions, Moreau's two sets of Candide illustrations (1787 and 1803) register an important shift in the French cultural imaginary. The figure of the maimed black male slave was put directly in circulation in French visual culture during the eighteenth century. In contrast, interracial sexuality remained “unrepresentable” in French visual culture throughout the century. By the time Haiti declared its independence (1804), this taboo was contravened by Moreau's metaphorical substitution of the figure of the monkey in 1803 to picture the black male as a bestial rapist.
When willie met gatsby: The critical implications of Ernesto Quiñonez's bodega dreams

I first heard about Ernesto Quinonez's Bodega Dreams through a stu- dent, an interesting reversal of the entrenched academic hierarchy wherein we professors are the ones who tell our students about good literature. This reversal is also very much in keeping with what interests me in this article, for my subject is the postmodern appro- priation by Ernesto Quinonez of a modernist classic—F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. And with this appropriation comes the questioning—perhaps even the disabling—of certain modernist hier- archies. The student who recommended Bodega Dreams did not say, ''This book reminds me of The Great Gatsby''; indeed, he probably had not read Gatsby since high school. But he loved the book and wanted to share it. To him it was a good book about a Latino American dreamer. But to anyone who has recently read Fitzgerald's classic, there is no mistaking the fact that Ernesto Quinonez is consciously rethinking it. In this article I would like to analyze Bodega Dreams as a commentary on the transformation of the American dream in postmodern America and, at the same time, to theorize Quinonez's position as a con- temporary Latino writer confronting the American literary canon. To refresh the memories of those who have not read Gatsby for a while, it is in many ways a classic American modernist text. 1 The protagonist, Jay Gatsby, in aspiring to move from one class to another, is at home in neither. Isolated, but following his own moral compass, he seeks to win success and status in the America of the 1920s, embodied in the person of the rich and beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Having been rebuffed by her family when he is a young army officer because of his lack of money, he makes a huge fortune through bootlegging and then buys a showy mansion in West Egg, across the
Electronic Replacements for Head-per-Track Drums or Disks

Recently, three types of memories have been proposed as possible main memory extensions and replacements for head per track disks or drums; these are CCD, bubble, and BEAMOS memories.1,2,3The extent to which these memories come into widespread use will depend on such factors as cost, performance, reliability, maintainability and profitability. In this paper, potential areas of application for these memories are examined and some of the conditions which must be met for the memories to be economically attractive are determined for systems employing both a single job stream and multiprogrammed job streams.
Physicochemical properties and end-use quality of wheat starch as a function of waxy protein alleles

Soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality tests (milling and baking quality) and starch characteristics (amylose concentration, X-ray diffractograms, thermal properties and pasting properties) were determined for eight granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS: waxy protein) genotypes in a soft wheat background. Lines carrying two null alleles showed reduced amylose concentrations relative to those of single null and wild-type lines. Milling and baking quality traits were clearly different between waxy (triple null) and the other genotypes. Waxy lines showed the highest alkaline water retention (AWRC) capacity; even though, the protein concentration was not significantly different from some double null and single null lines. The typical A-type patterns of X-ray diffractograms were observed for all starches. Waxy starch showed higher crystallinity than non-waxy starches. Analysis by Rapid Viscoanalyser (RVA) showed distinctive differences among the eight genotypes. Waxy starches showed higher peak viscosity, lower peak temperature and shorter peak time than those of all other genotypes. The results suggest that baking quality of waxy wheat can not be predicted by either AWRC or protein concentration. The interactions based on biochemical analysis between protein and other fractions (amylose and amylopectin, damaged starch) of partially and fully waxy wheat flours must be assessed before baking quality can be predicted. Furthermore, waxy wheat may not be suitable for current application of soft wheat products; however, distinct properties of waxy starch may open the possibility of commercial use in novel applications. Also, double null and single null genotypes may be a good source of variation for specific end-use products.
Simulations of the propagation of multiple-FM smoothing by spectral dispersion on OMEGA EP

A one-dimensional (1-D) smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) system for smoothing focal-spot nonuniformities using multiple modulation frequencies has been commissioned on one long-pulse beamline of OMEGA EP, the first use of such a system in a high-energy laser. Frequency modulation (FM) to amplitude modulation (AM) conversion in the infrared (IR) output, frequency conversion, and final optics affected the accumulation of B -integral in that beamline. Modeling of this FM-to-AM conversion using the code Miro [Morice, O., “Miro: Complete modeling and software for pulse amplification and propagation in high-power laser systems,” Opt. Eng. 42(6), 1530−1541 (2003).] was used as input to set the beamline performance limits for picket (short) pulses with multi-FM SSD applied. This article first describes that modeling. The 1-D SSD analytical model of Chuang [Chuang, Y.-H., “Amplification of broad-bandwidth phase-modulated laser counterpropagating light waves in homogeneous plasma,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Rochester (September 1991).] is first extended to the case of multiple modulators and then used to benchmark Miro simulations. Comparison is also made to an alternative analytic model developed by Hocquet et al. [Hocquet, S., Penninckx, D., Bordenave, E., Gouedard, C. and Jaouen, Y., “FM-to-AM conversion in high-power lasers,” Appl. Opt. 47(18), 3338−3349 (2008).] With the confidence engendered by this benchmarking, Miro results for multi-FM SSD applied on OMEGA EP are then presented. The relevant output section(s) of the OMEGA EP Laser System are described. The additional B -integral in OMEGA EP IR components upstream of the frequency converters due to AM is modeled. The importance of locating the image of the SSD dispersion grating at the frequency converters is demonstrated. Finally, since frequency conversion is not performed in OMEGA EP’s target chamber, the additional AM due to propagation to the target chamber’s vacuum window is modeled.
Differential scanning calorimetric study of the effect of vitamin D3 on the thermotropic phase behavior of lipids model systems

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to investigate the effects of vitamin D 3 on the physical properties of model membranes including pure phosphatidylcholines (PC's) of chain lengths from 14 to 18, pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), and various mixtures of these lipids. The results demonstrate that the interactions of vitamin D 3 with PC's are dependent on acyl chain lengths. It was found that vitamin D 3 reduces the transition temperatures of PC's and PE's, broadening the transition and reducing the enthalpy, eventually abolishing the transition. The interaction of vitamin D 3 with PC varies with chain length; the transition of DMPC is abolished by only 15 mol% vitamin D 3 whereas 45 mol% vitamin D 3 is required to abolish the transition of DSPC. These variations in vitamin D 3 lipid interactions are further explored in various mixtures. In the mixture studies it is shown that vitamin D 3 affects the mixing properties of the lipids in the mixtures. The results suggest that the presence of vitamin D 3 in lipids can affect the lateral phase distributions of lipids, and thereby have important effects on membrane function.
Criminal Decision Making: The Development of Adolescent Judgment, Criminal Responsibility, and Culpability

Theories of judgment in decision making hypothesize that throughout adolescence, judgment is impaired because the development of several psychosocial factors that are presumed to influence decision making lags behind the development of the cognitive capacities that are required to make mature decisions. This study uses an innovative video technique to examine the role of several psychosocial factors—temporal perspective, peer influence, and risk perception—in adolescent criminal decision making. Results based on data collected from 56 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years revealed that detained youth were more likely to think of future-oriented consequences of engaging in the depicted delinquent act and less likely to anticipate pressure from their friends than nondetained youth. Examination of the developmental functions of the psychosocial factors indicates age-based differences on standardized measures of temporal perspective and resistance to peer influence and on measures of the role of risk perception in criminal decision making. Assessments of criminal responsibility and culpability were predicted by age and ethnicity. Implications for punishment in the juvenile justice system are discussed.
Nanocrystals for thin film optoelectronic device applications

Collloidal nanocrystals of semiconductors (aka quantum dots) are being incorporated into thin film devices for their potential application in light emission, photo detection, and solar energy conversion. The chemistry and the optical and electrical properties of the quantum dots and their thin films needs to be characterized and optimized for the application. Often this involves particular choices for compositions of quantum dot core and shell, and pre and post-deposition treatments to increase brightness or conductivity. Optical spectroscopic measurements as well as dark and photoconductivity measurements are critical in understanding the basic carrier relaxation processes, and the conduction and photo-conduction processes in thin films of nanocrystals as well as in hybrid structures of quantum dots with organic or inorganic transport layers. This talk will discuss recent results in the design and spectroscopy of colloidal quantum dots and some of their thin film model device systems, including those relevant for light emission, light detection, and solar energy conversion.
Are we taking full advantage of the growing number of pharmacological treatment options for osteoporosis

We are becoming increasingly aware that the manner in which our skeleton ages is not uniform within and between populations. Pharmacological treatment options with the potential to combat age-related reductions in skeletal strength continue to become available on the market, notwithstanding our current inability to fully utilize these treatments by accounting for an individual's unique biomechanical needs. Revealing new molecular mechanisms that improve the targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals is important; however, this only addresses one part of the solution for differential age-related bone loss. To improve current treatment regimes, we must also consider specific biomechanical mechanisms that define how these molecular pathways ultimately impact whole bone fracture resistance. By improving our understanding of the relationship between molecular and biomechanical mechanisms, clinicians will be better equipped to take full advantage of the mounting pharmacological treatments available. Ultimately this will enable us to reduce fracture risk among the elderly more strategically, more effectively, and more economically. In this interest, the following review summarizes the biomechanical basis of current treatment strategies while defining how different biomechanical mechanisms lead to reduced fracture resistance. It is hoped that this may serve as a template for the identification of new targets for pharmacological treatments that will enable clinicians to personalize care so that fracture incidence may be globally reduced.
Breakdown Energy of Metal (BEM) - A New Technique for Monitoring Metallization Reliability at Wafer Level

This paper presents a new technique for production monitoring of VLSI thin film metallization reliability at wafer level. By measuring the Median-Energy-to-Fail of properly designed structures during a ramp current stress, the long term electromigration reliability of metallization can be determined in a test taking a few seconds. Process variables such as metal width, thickness, step coverage, defect density, etc., have been monitored by measuring critical MEF in a production environment.
Optically controlled manipulation of live cells using optoelectronic tweezers

Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) provides a non-invasive, low-power, optical manipulation tool for trapping, transporting, and separating microparticles, cells, and other bioparticles. The OET device uses a photosensitive layer to form "virtual electrodes" upon exposure to light, creating non-uniformities in an applied electric field. The electric field gives rise to a force known as dielectrophoresis: microparticles move as a result of the non-uniformities in the electric field imparting unequal forces on the induced dipoles of the particles. These virtual electrodes can be actuated with low optical intensities, enabling the use of incoherent light sources and direct imaging techniques to create optical manipulation patterns in real-time. In this paper, we demonstrate OET operation on live cells, including the trapping and manipulation of red and white blood cells, and the automated collection of HeLa cells. Automated size-based sorting is performed on a mixture of 15- and 20-μm-diameter polystyrene beads, and dielectric property-based separation is used to differentiate between live and dead white blood cells.
Sequential administration of bovine and human adenovirus vectors to overcome vector immunity in an immunocompetent mouse model of breast cancer

The potential of a bovine adenovirus serotype 3 (BAd3)-based vector to bypass the human adenoviral serotype 5 (HAd5)-specific neutralizing immune response was evaluated in an immunocompetent mouse model of breast cancer. Initially we monitored vector biodistribution, genome persistence, transgene expression, and potential toxicity of HAd-GFP [HAd5 vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)] or BAd-GFP (BAd3 vector expressing GFP) in FVB/n mice bearing tumors. A comparable biodistribution pattern for BAd-GFP and HAd-GFP was evident. In addition, following the development of vector-specific immune responses, animals were inoculated intratumorally (i.t.) with HAd-GFP or BAd-GFP. HAd-GFP immunity did not hamper the transduction and persistence of BAd-GFP into the tumors and other organs, and, similarly, BAd-GFP immunity did not hamper the transduction and persistence of HAd-GFP. Both BAd3 and HAd5 vectors showed relatively higher transgene expression in the presence of heterologous vector immunity. In contrast, the homologous vector immunity was associated with a rapid vector clearance and decline in transgene expression levels. Histopathological changes in BAd-GFP inoculated animals were generally mild with some acute but recoverable hepatic perturbations. Overall, the data suggest the importance of BAd3 vectors for sequential vector administration in overcoming the vector immunity for cancer gene therapy.
A comparison of transvaginal artificial insemination procedures for use in commercially farmed deer

Abstract The site of semen deposition (vaginal, cervical or uterine) and the time required for transvaginal artificial insemination (AI) using the Gourley Scope method of AI vs. a standard speculum-guided AI gun was assessed in three species of farmed deer (fallow, red and white-tailed deer). Pregnancy rates using these two transvaginal AI methods were also compared in a commercial herd of fallow does. The estrous cycles of fallow ( n =53), red ( n =27) and white-tailed ( n =27) deer were synchronized using half of a Norgestomet ear implant inserted for 14 days. Following implant removal, does were artificially fix-time inseminated with frozen-thawed semen using either a 0.5 ml standard French-style speculum-guided AI gun or the Gourley Scope method of AI. The time-frame (i.e., duration in minutes) for the AI procedures performed on each animal and the location of semen deposition was recorded. To assess effectiveness of AI, transrectal ultrasonography was conducted in fallow deer 45 days post-AI for pregnancy diagnosis. In fallow does and red deer hinds, use of the Gourley Scope (96.3 and 100%, respectively) enabled a greater ( P P P
On the Starting Characteristics of Supersonic Ejector Systems

Quasi-steady flow analysis of transient pumping characteristics of supersonic ejector systems
Studies of chloroplast development in Euglena. II. Photoreversal of the u.v. inhibition of green colony formation.

Abstract The inhibition of chloroplast formation in u.v. irradiated progeny of Euglena gracilis can be reversed by visible light with efficiencies approaching 100%. If the cells are permitted to divide after u.v. treatment, photoreactivability is rapidly lost. The kinetics of this loss are fairly consistent with the hypothesis that entities responsible for chloroplast formation are prevented from being replicated by u.v. light and are diluted out among the progeny. There is no decay of photoreactivability in non-dividing cells. The action spectrum for photoreactivation of chloroplast formation shows a single broad peak in the near-u.v. region of the spectrum clearly separating this phenomenon from the light induction of chloroplast formation which has effectiveness peaks in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. The evidence presented is consistent with the hypothesis of cytoplasmic entities which are replicated at cell division and which control chloroplast formation.
Effects of Pioglitazone on Intramyocellular Fat Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Context: Lipotoxicity (increased tissue fat content) has been implicated in the development of muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim was to study the effect of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism. Research Design: Twenty-four T2DM subjects (glycosylated hemoglobin = 8.3 ± 0.4%) participated in three similar study protocols before and after 4 months of 45 mg/d pioglitazone treatment: 1) 3-h euglycemic insulin (80 mU/m2 · min) clamp with measurement of intramyocellular fat with proton nuclear magnetic resonance; 2) vastus lateralis muscle biopsy for measurement of LC-FACoAs 60 min before start of the insulin clamp; and 3) muscle biopsy for measurement of diacylglycerol 60 min before start of the insulin clamp. Results: In all three protocols, pioglitazone similarly reduced (all P < 0.05) the glycosylated hemoglobin (Δ = 0.8–1.2%), fasting plasma glucose (39–76 mg/dl), fasting free fatty acid (132–236 μmol/liter), and increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (by 25–56%). Intramyocellular fat (protocol I) declined from 1.5 to 0.9% (P < 0.05) and correlated with the increase in glucose disposal rate (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). Long chain-fatty acyl-coenzyme A decreased from 12.5 to 8.1 nmol/g (P < 0.05) and correlated with the increase in disposal rate (r = 0.76; P < 0.05). Pioglitazone therapy had no effect on muscle diacylglycerol content. Conclusions: Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in T2DM in association with mobilization of fat and toxic lipid metabolites out of muscle.
Adolescents With and Without LD Make the Transition to Middle School

The purpose of this 2-year study was to describe how Hispanic students with and without learning disabilities fared academically and socially during the transition from elementary school to middle school. Participants were 14 Hispanic students who were instructed in a sixth-grade consultation/collaboration, inclusive elementary classroom before making the transition to middle school. Examination of social, academic, and student perception data revealed that, on the whole, the students with learning disabilities and those without experienced the transition similarly and fared well during the elementary-to-middle-school transition.
Dyna: Dynamic storage allocation in fortran for the ibm/360 operating system

Abstract : The report describes an IBM/360 Assembly Language routine to allow for dynamic allocation of core storage in Fortran programs. The report describes in detail the implementation and use of the dynamic allocation subroutine DYNA. A fairly detailed knowledge of FORTRAN is assumed in the report. The dynamic routine may be implemented by the FORTRAN programmer without a detailed understanding Assembly Language routine DYNA. A complete description of DYNA is included. The discussion is technical and assumes a knowledge of IBM/360 Operating System Macros and Assembly Language.
Positive parenting of children with developmental disabilities: a meta-analysis.

Although a large body of literature exists supporting the relationship between positive parenting and child outcomes for typically developing children, there are reasons to analyze separately the relevant literature specific to children with developmental disabilities. However, that literature has not been synthesized in any systematic review. This study examined the association between positive parenting attributes and outcomes of young children with developmental disabilities through meta-analytic aggregation of effect sizes across 14 studies including 576 participants. The random effects weighted average effect size was r = .22 (SE = .06, p < .001), indicative of a moderate association between positive parenting attributes and child outcomes. Publication bias did not appear to be a substantial threat to the results. There was a trend for studies with more mature parents to have effect sizes of higher magnitude than studies with young parents. The results provide support for efforts to evaluate and promote effective parenting skills when providing services for young children with disabilities.
Late-talking toddlers: MLU and IPSyn outcomes at 3;0 and 4;0.

Expressive language outcomes measured by MLU and the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) at ages 3;0 and 4;0 were investigated in 34 late talkers with normal receptive language identified between 2; o to 2;7 and 16 typically developing comparison children matched on age, SES, and nonverbal ability. Late talkers made greater gains than comparison children between 3;0 and 4;0 in both MLU and IPSyn raw score. However, when age-standardized z-scores were analysed, the late talkers were about 2.5 standard deviations below comparison children on both measures at both ages. At 3;0,41 % of the late talkers had MLUs above the 10th percentile based on Scarborough's (1990) benchmark sample; by 4;0, 71% did so. Using the IPSyn, a more stringent measure, 34% scored above the 10th percentile at 3;0 and only 29 % did so at 4;0. MLU was significantly correlated with the IPSyn at both ages for the late talkers, but only at 3; 0 for the comparison children. A converging set of regression analyses indicated no group differences in the predictive relationship between MLU and IPSyn, suggesting that the late talkers were delayed on both measures but not deviant in their development.
Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity–productivity relationships in grasslands

Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity-productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration.
A New Species of Stripe-Faced Fruit Bat (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Styloctenium) from the Philippines

For the past century, the genus Styloctenium Matschie has been known to contain a single species restricted to Sulawesi and the nearby Togian Islands. Styloctenium has a unique pelage, characterized by white supraocular spots and a white rostral stripe on an otherwise mostly orange pelage. Several additional features characterize the genus, including the loss of i1 and m3, rudimentary state of P1, and marked reduction of the molar cusps. The genus has often been considered closely allied to Pteropus, but no explicit, broadly supported, phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed. Herein, I describe a new species of Styloctenium from Mindoro Island, Philippines, using a variety of dental, cranial, soft tissue, and external characters. The new species possesses all characters known to be diagnostic of Styloctenium, but also multicusped lower and upper canines. It is known only from the type locality in western Mindoro Island, is hunted (along with other large pteropodids), and may be at risk of extinction because of habitat loss, hunting, or both. The presence of a midsized, conspicuously colored, undescribed mammal on Mindoro emphasizes the need for further biodiversity inventories and specimen collection in the region, and on Mindoro in particular.
Web file transmission by object packaging - performance comparison with HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1 persistent connection

Recently, the largest concern for corporate owners of Web servers is how to minimize the response time. In order to minimize the response time, a new efficient file transmission technique for World-Wide-Web, called Web file transmission by object packaging, is proposed. The prototype design and preliminary performance evaluation of object packaging have been presented in the 27th conference on local computer networks. In this paper, the performance of object packaging is compared to HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1 persistent connection in terms of the server and client response time and CPU workload by experiment method. It is found that object packaging reduces the response time and CPU workload at the server by up to 92.0 and 91.1% from HTTP 1.0 and 64.5 and 82.4% from HTTP 1.1 persistent connection, respectively. From the results of the experiments, it is found that object packaging will be an efficient technique to minimize the response time in transferring web files. The results of the experiments also suggest the significance of disk I/O overhead for Web servers in high speed networks.
Detecting Aggregate Bursts from Scaled Bins within the Context of Privacy

In this paper, we consider burst detection within the context of privacy. In our scenario, multiple parties want to detect a burst in aggregated time series data, but none of the parties want to disclose their individual data. We introduce two data perturbation approaches that alter the local data so that raw time series data values are not shared and bursts can be identified using a Shewhart threshold. The first involves lossy data compression via windowing. Unfortunately, windowing alone does not guarantee enough privacy because the envelope of the time series can still be determined. Therefore, we introduce a second data perturbation approach that employs scaled binning. This method transmits values for each data point based on the distance of the data point to a local mean of the time series. The strength of this approach is its increased privacy. We empirically demonstrate the burst detection results using both real and synthetic distributed data sets. When attempting to optimize both privacy guarantees and burst detection accuracy, we find that a combined approach using both windowing and scaled binning balances burst accuracy and privacy better than either approach individually.
Toward a Model Long-Term Services and Supports System: State Policy Elements

In response to a new Federal initiative to improve the U.S. long-term services and supports (LTSS) system, this commentary discusses an array of policies and practices that could potentially improve LTSS provision by shifting from institutional to community-based services, increasing equity across populations, offering consumers more choice and control, improving conditions for workers and caregivers, and promoting improved consumer-level outcomes. Policy areas include access to publicly funded LTSS, support for consumer direction, workforce development, caregiver support, transition from institutions to the community, diversion from institutional placement, and quality and outcome measurement. Policy considerations apply both to programs and to the managed care organizations that are increasingly responsible for LTSS provision. Additional policy areas related to managed LTSS include financial risk and capitation rates, enrollment strategies, assessment, outcomes monitoring, care coordination, and support for independent living goals.
Conditional predictive inference for online surveillance of spatial disease incidence

This paper deals with the development of statistical methodology for timely detection of incident disease clusters in space and time. The increasing availability of data on both the time and the location of events enables the construction of multivariate surveillance techniques, which may enhance the ability to detect localized clusters of disease relative to the surveillance of the overall count of disease cases across the entire study region. We introduce the surveillance conditional predictive ordinate as a general Bayesian model-based surveillance technique that allows us to detect small areas of increased disease incidence when spatial data are available. To address the problem of multiple comparisons, we incorporate a common probability that each small area signals an alarm when no change in the risk pattern of disease takes place into the analysis. We investigate the performance of the proposed surveillance technique within the framework of Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models using a simulation study. Finally, we present a case study of salmonellosis in South Carolina.
Control of cyclin D1, p27(Kip1), and cell cycle progression in human capillary endothelial cells by cell shape and cytoskeletal tension

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation during angiogenesis. Cell adhesion to ECM is mediated by binding of cell surface integrin receptors, which both activate intracellular signaling cascades and mediate tension-dependent changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structure. Although the growth control field has focused on early integrin and growth factor signaling events, recent studies suggest that cell shape may play an equally critical role in control of cell cycle progression. Studies were carried out to determine when cell shape exerts its regulatory effects during the cell cycle and to analyze the molecular basis for shape-dependent growth control. The shape of human capillary endothelial cells was controlled by culturing cells on microfabricated substrates containing ECM-coated adhesive islands with defined shape and size on the micrometer scale or on plastic dishes coated with defined ECM molecular coating densities. Cells that were prevented from spreading in medium containing soluble growth factors exhibited normal activation of the mitogen-activated kinase (erk1/erk2) growth signaling pathway. However, in contrast to spread cells, these cells failed to progress through G1 and enter S phase. This shape-dependent block in cell cycle progression correlated with a failure to increase cyclin D1 protein levels, down-regulate the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1), and phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein in late G1. A similar block in cell cycle progression was induced before this same shape-sensitive restriction point by disrupting the actin network using cytochalasin or by inhibiting cytoskeletal tension generation using an inhibitor of actomyosin interactions. In contrast, neither modifications of cell shape, cytoskeletal structure, nor mechanical tension had any effect on S phase entry when added at later times. These findings demonstrate that although early growth factor and integrin signaling events are required for growth, they alone are not sufficient. Subsequent cell cycle progression and, hence, cell proliferation are controlled by tension-dependent changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structure that act by subjugating the molecular machinery that regulates the G1/S transition.
Expression of interleukin-18 in the lung after endotoxemia or hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury.

Hemorrhage and endotoxemia are important risk factors for the development of acute lung injury. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a recently described cytokine released in its mature, active form after pro-IL-18 is cleaved by the IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE). IL-18 has multiple immunomodulating properties, including induction of interferon- γ (IFN- γ ), IL-1 β , tumor necrosis factor- α , and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. To examine the possible involvement of IL-18 in acute lung injury, we examined its expression, as well as that of IFN- γ , IL-12, and ICE, using murine hemorrhage or endotoxemia models. The amounts of IL-18 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased in the lung after hemorrhage or endotoxemia. However, only endotoxemia was associated with elevations in lung and plasma concentrations of IL-18 protein. ICE expression was increased in the lungs after endotoxemia but not after hemorrhage. Although IFN- γ expression increased in the lungs after hemorrhage or endotoxemia, elevations in lung IL-12 mRNA levels we...
TRANSPERINEAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGE GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY

Purpose: We report the findings of a transperineal magnetic resonance image (MRI) guided biopsy of the prostate in a man with increasing prostate specific antigen who was not a candidate for a transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy.Materials and Methods: Using an open configuration 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner and pelvic coil, a random sextant sample was obtained under real time MRI guidance from the peripheral zone of the prostate gland as well as a single core from each MRI defined lesion. The patient had previously undergone proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and, therefore, was not a candidate for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Prior attempts to make the diagnosis of prostate cancer using a transurethral approach were unsuccessful.Results: The random sextant samples contained benign prostatic hyperplasia, whereas Gleason grade 3 + 3 = 6 adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 15% and 25% of the 2 cores obtained from the MRI targeted specimens of 2 defined lesions. The procedure was well tolerated by the pat...
Evaluation of Miconazole Therapy in Experimental Disseminated Candidiasis in Laboratory Rats

Abstract Miconazole, a broad-spectrum antimycotic agent with some antibacterial activity, has recently become available for experimental parenteral use in the United States. Its efficacy as an anticandidal drug was tested in adult Wistar rats. A previously established infectious dose of 5 × 106Candida albicans was intravenously injected into 250- to 300-g animals. This dose was fatal to 95% (20/21) of placebo-treated control animals within the 2-week postinfection observation period. Only 4% (2/53) of rats receiving intramuscular miconazole treatment died. Miconazole therapy in Candida-infected rats at a dosage of 50 mg/kg per day resulted in 85% survival, and, although 100 mg/kg per day was 100% efficacious, it was a relatively large volume to give intramuscularly to a rat. Therefore, 75 mg/kg per day was used as a therapeutic dose, and it gave favorable results in this study. Histological examination of all placebo-treated animals revealed C. albicans and a marked inflammatory response in the kidney, brain, and heart. C. albicans organisms were observed to be very prominent in these tissues by using the Gomori methenamine silver stain, and were cultured from these organs. Miconazole-treated rats that were killed after surviving the 2-week observation period had minimal histopathological changes, and the organisms present did not exhibit the same staining characteristics, nor were they isolated like those in the placebo-treated group. Miconazole appears to be an efficacious drug for parenteral therapy, as demonstrated in this reproducible model of disseminated candidiasis in laboratory rats, and more extensive experimental studies are indicated.
Modular Equations in Ramanujan’s Lost Notebook

Ramanujan recorded several hundred modular equations in his three notebooks [7]; no other mathematician has ever discovered nearly so many. Complete proofs for all the modular equations in Ramanujan’s three notebooks can be found in Berndt’s books [1]–[3]. In particular, Chapters 19–21 in Ramanujan’s second notebook are almost exclusively devoted to modular equations. Ramanujan used modular equations to evaluate class invariants, certain q-continued fractions including the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction, theta-functions, and certain other quotients and products of theta-functions and eta-functions [3].
Using QR Decomposition to Obtain a New Instance of Mesh Adaptive Direct Search with Uniformly Distributed Polling Directions

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new instance of the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (Mads) class of algorithms, which utilizes a more uniform distribution of poll directions than do other common instances, such as OrthoMads and LtMads. Our new implementation, called QrMads, bases its poll directions on an equal area partitioning of the n-dimensional unit sphere and the QR decomposition to obtain an orthogonal set of directions. While each instance produces directions which are dense in the limit, QrMads directions are more uniformly distributed in the unit sphere. This uniformity is the key to enhanced performance in higher dimensions and for constrained problems. The trade-off is that QrMads is no longer deterministic and at each iteration the set of polling directions is no longer orthogonal. Instead, at each iteration, the poll directions are only ‘nearly orthogonal,’ becoming increasingly closer to orthogonal as the mesh size decreases. Finally, we present a variety of test results on smooth, nonsmooth, unconstrained, and constrained problems and compare them to OrthoMads on the same set of problems.
Drug Disposition and Response

The basis for this book is that a drug-nutrient interaction (DNI) is the result of a physical, chemical, physiologic, or pathophysiologic relationship between a drug and nutrient(s)/food that is considered significant if the therapeutic response is altered adversely or if the nutritional status is compromised. This chapter presents an overview of drug disposition and drug action that forms the basis for understanding such adverse interactions.
She2p is a novel RNA binding protein with a basic helical hairpin motif.

Abstract Selective transport of mRNAs in ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNP) ensures asymmetric distribution of information within and among eukaryotic cells. Actin-dependent transport of ASH1 mRNA in yeast represents one of the best-characterized examples of mRNP translocation. Formation of the ASH1 mRNP requires recognition of zip code elements by the RNA binding protein She2p. We determined the X-ray structure of She2p at 1.95 A resolution. She2p is a member of a previously unknown class of nucleic acid binding proteins, composed of a single globular domain with a five α helix bundle that forms a symmetric homodimer. After demonstrating potent, dimer-dependent RNA binding in vitro, we mapped the RNA binding surface of She2p to a basic helical hairpin in vitro and in vivo and present a mechanism for mRNA-dependent initiation of ASH1 mRNP complex assembly.
Quasi-zonal jets in 3-D Argo data of the northeast Atlantic

[1] Time-mean zonal velocities, estimated from Argo float trajectories and density profiles, are systematically examined for quasi-zonal jets, or striations, with the use of a simple search algorithm. A comparison to altimeter data combined with an independent estimate of the mean dynamic topography shows that the jets in the 2004–2006 period examined are persistent and stationary. The jets have a typical meridional width of 100 to 200 km and a median transport of 4 Sverdrups. The jets tilt at approximately 6° from southwest to northeast in the horizontal plane, but show no significant tilt in the vertical plane. Velocities and the cross-stream width are similar for the westward and eastward jets.
Increased AutoAnalyzer Dialysis of Calcium and Magnesium in Presence of Protein

We have studied calcium and magnesium determination with the AutoAnalyzer, using dialysis, and measurement by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The fraction of calcium and magnesium that dialyzes is proportional to the protein content of the sample; therefore an error is introduced when aqueous solutions of calcium or magnesium salts are used as standards. Apparently, the presence of proteins causes increased dialysis of Ca+2 and Mg+2.
Moderate physical activity and its relationship to select measures of a healthy diet.

: Context: In rural communities, physical activity may influence and predict nutritional behaviors. Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine if an individual's stage of participation in moderate physical activity was related to select measures of a healthy diet. Methods: Data were collected using a mail-in survey from a random sample conducted in the rural/frontier communities of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. A total of 6 communities, 2 from each state, were surveyed with approximately 575 surveys sent to each community. The response rate was 51.5%. Findings: Regression analysis revealed that there was a significant difference (P<.05) in select measures of a healthy diet between those in the maintenance stage of moderate levels of physical activity (physically active for 6 months or more) and those in precontemplation (not currently active and with no intention of starting), contemplation (not currently active but considering starting within the next 6 months), and preparation (not currently active but taking steps to become active within the next 30 days). Those in maintenance had a healthier diet. Additionally, women, older people, those with at least some college education, and those who were employed had healthier diets. Conclusions: These results lend preliminary support to the idea that moderate physical activity could act as a gateway behavior, a behavior that, if adopted, could lead to the adoption of other healthy behaviors. However, additional research is needed to confirm the nature, if any, of this relationship.
Nested genes CDA12 and CDA13 encode proteins associated with membrane trafficking in the ciliate tetrahymena thermophila

We describe a novel pair of nested genes, CDA12 and CDA13, from Tetrahymena thermophila. Both are implicated in membrane trafficking associated with cell division and conjugation. Green fluorescent protein localization reveals Cda12p decoration of diverse membrane-bound compartments, including mobile, subcortical tubulovesicular compartments; perinuclear vesicles; and candidates for recycling endosomes. Cda13p decorates intracellular foci located adjacent to cortically aligned mitochondria and their neighboring Golgi networks. The expression of antisense CDA12 RNA in transformants produces defects in cytokinesis, macronuclear segregation, and the processing of pinosomes to downstream compartments. Antisense CDA13 RNA expression produces a conjugation phenotype, resulting in the failure of mating pairs to separate, as well as failures in postconjugation cytokinesis and macronuclear fission. This study offers insight into the membrane trafficking events linking endosome and Golgi network activities, cytokinesis, and karyokinesis and the unique membrane-remodeling events that accompany conjugation in the ciliate T. thermophila. We also highlight an unusual aspect of genome organization in Tetrahymena, namely, the existence of nested, antisense genes.
Ontologies for supply chain simulation modeling

Simulation might be an effective decision support tool in supply chain management. The review of supply chain simulation modeling methodologies revealed some issues one of which is the practicability of simulation in the supply chain environment. The supply chain environment is dynamic, information intensive, geographically dispersed, and heterogeneous. In order to develop usable supply chain simulation models, the models should be feasibly applicable in the supply chain environment. Distributed simulation models have been used by several researchers, however, their complexity and usability hindered their continuation. In this paper, a new approach is proposed. The approach is based on Ontologies to integrate several supply chain views and models, which captures the required distributed knowledge to build simulation models. The Ontology core is based on the SCOR model as the widely shared supply chain concepts. The ontology can define any supply chain and help the user to build the required simulation models.