cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptual correlates of the rod-and-frame test.

A randomly selected group of 92 male college students were given a battery of 10 perceptual tests, most of which have been used to separate field-independents from field-dependents in earlier studies of relationships between perceptual mode and physiological response tendencies. Test scores were factor analyzed in an attempt to define the psychological domain measured. Four factors accounted for most of the test score variance; the embedded figures test, sharing much of its variance with quantitative-spatial IQ tests, was the test with least of its variance accounted for. The rod-and-frame test, core test for field-dependence, correlated best with mirror-tracing speed, mirror-tracing accuracy, and the embedded figures test and had small or moderate positive correlations with all of the other tests except letter discrimination, which showed little relationship to any other test. Subject-controlled rod-and-frame correlated highly with experimenter-controlled rod-and-frame, suggesting their interchangeabilit...
Using expectations to monitor robotic progress and recover from problems

How does a robot know when something goes wrong? Our research answers this question by leveraging expectations - predictions about the immediate future – and using the mismatch between the expectations and the external world to monitor the robot’s progress. We use the cognitive architecture ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought - Rational) to learn the associations between the current state of the robot and the world, the action to be performed in the world, and the future state of the world. These associations are used to generate expectations that are then matched by the architecture with the next state of the world. A significant mismatch between these expectations and the actual state of the world indicate a problem possibly resulting from unexpected consequences of the robot’s actions, unforeseen changes in the environment or unanticipated actions of other agents. When a problem is detected, the recovery model can suggest a number of recovery options. If the situation is unknown, that is, the mismatch between expectations and the world is novel, the robot can use a recovery solution from a set of heuristic options. When a recovery option is successfully applied, the robot learns to associate that recovery option with the mismatch. When the same problem is encountered later, the robot can apply the learned recovery solution rather than using the heuristics or randomly exploring the space of recovery solutions. We present results from execution monitoring and recovery performed during an assessment conducted at the Combined Arms Collective Training Facility (CACTF) at Fort Indiantown Gap.
Ultrafast Dynamics in Ultrathin Gold Films

Ultrafast transient reflectivity has been used to probe sub-picosecond electron dynamics in ultrathin gold films as a function of thickness and morphology. The data are discussed in terms of a modified two-temperature model. The implications of the results for controlling surface photochemistry through the substrate morphology are discussed.
FITTING ONE MATRIX TO ANOTHER UNDER CHOICE OF A CENTRAL DILATION AND A RIGID MOTION

A least squares method is presented for fitting a given matrixA to another given matrixB under choice of an unknown rotation, an unknown translation, and an unknown central dilation. The procedure may be useful to investigators who wish to compare results obtained with nonmetric scaling techniques across samples or who wish to compare such results with those obtained by conventional factor analytic techniques on the same sample.
Relapsing polychondritis: A case diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence and coexisting with pseudocyst of the auricle

A case of relapsing polychondritis with perichondrial IgG and C3, dermoepidermal IgG, and a coexisting pseudocyst of the auricle is reported. The use of direct immunofluorescence testing in establishing a diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis and the expected findings are reviewed. In some cases direct immunofluorescence may allow a diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis before clinical criteria or a routine histologic evaluation suggests a definite diagnosis.
Adult age differences in the use of story structure in delayed free recall.

Abstract Thirty-six young adults (M age = 24.3 years) and 36 old adults (M age = 71.8 years) listened to four double-episode stories having either standard, interleaved, or scrambled structure. Two days later they were asked to recall the stories. Analysis of the mean number of nodes recalled revealed no age differences in the recall of standard and scrambled stories with both groups recalling the standard stories equally well and the scrambled stories equally poorly. However, for interleaved stories, young adults followed their pattern of recall for standard stories while old adults followed their pattern for scrambled stories. Also, the age groups differed in their pattern of additions and distortions, with old adults giving more for standard stories and young adults giving more for scrambled stories. Results appear to support models of age-related differences in memory processes and/or strategies when material must be reorganized or hierarchized. Possible metacognitive differences were also discussed; ...
Gender, Ethnicity, and Classroom Discourse: Communication Patterns of Hispanic and White Students in Networked Classrooms

Ethnic and gender differences in classroom conversational styles are explored by comparing student involvement in face-to-face and computer-mediated discussions. The quantity of participation in these two environments is triangulated with student perceptions of the conversations in three undergraduate composition classrooms. White males participated more frequently than other groups in the face-to-face setting, and White women appeared to benefit more than other groups from conversations held in the computer-mediated setting. However, these gender-differentiated participation patterns did not apply to the discourse patterns of Hispanic males and females. Unlike their White female peers, the Hispanic women in this study participated frequently in the face-to-face conversations, spoke more than Hispanic males, and generally disliked the computer-mediated conversations.
CPT-Odd Resonances in Neutrino Oscillations

We consider the consequences for future neutrino factory experiments of small $\mathrm{CPT}$-odd interactions in neutrino oscillations. The ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ survival probabilities at a baseline $L\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}732\mathrm{km}$ can test for $\mathrm{CPT}$-odd contributions at orders of magnitude better sensitivity than present neutrino sector limits. Interference between the $\mathrm{CPT}$-violating interaction and $\mathrm{CPT}$-even mass terms in the Lagrangian can lead to a resonant enhancement of the oscillation amplitude. For oscillations in matter, a simultaneous enhancement of both neutrino and antineutrino oscillation amplitudes is possible.
Major and minor epitopes on the self antigen mouse cytochrome c mapped by site-directed mutagenesis

Variants of rat (mouse) cytochrome c, prepared by site-directed mutagenesis or represented by closely-related cytochromes c from different species, were employed to map the functional boundaries of a number of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for the major antigenic region on the self antigen (Ag) around residue 62 and the minor antigenic region around residue 44. The recombinant mouse cytochromes c tested were, unlike the tissue-derived Ag, trimethylated at position 72, and included the wild-type which was acetylated at the amino terminus, a variant that was unacetylated at the amino terminus, and variants with the following single amino acid residue replacements: V11I (valine to isoleucine at position 11), Q12M, A15S, A44P, F46Y, D50A, T58I and G89E. Of these, only the A44P variant affected the binding of mAb to the region previously localized to the vicinity of residue 44, thus confirming that assignment. Loss of the acetyl group at the amino terminus affected the binding of most of the mAb to the region around residue 62. The other mutations had little, if any, affect on mAb binding. The epitopes of mAb binding the region around residue 62 were shown in this study to have similar functional boundaries. This site on the self Ag, which encompasses at least three discontinuous segments of the polypeptide chain, is comparable in size to epitopes on other protein Ag that have been mapped by X-ray crystallography and is similar to an epitope in the corresponding region of the foreign Ag, horse cytochrome c, that has been mapped by hydrogen-deuterium exchange. In addition to the mAb binding the regions around residues 44 and 62, a third group of mouse cytochrome c-specific mAb known to be broadly reactive with mammalian cytochromes c and that represents a minor portion of the mAb was tested for binding the site-directed mutants of mouse cytochrome c. None of these mAb were affected by the mutations, indicating the presence of at least one more antigenic region on the self Ag in an area not encompassed by these mutations that is structurally highly conserved.
First Report of Worldwide Use of Internet-Based Survivorship Care Plans by Lung Cancer Survivors

Abstract Background In the past 3 decades, the number of cancer survivors has more than tripled (MMWR, 2004). Although long-term success in the treatment of lung cancer remains limited, lung cancer survivors remain an important subset of the survivor population and might be at risk for late effects resulting from treatment and disease processes. Multiple groups have shown survivor care to be inadequate, and the Institute of Medicine has identified a need for survivorship care plans (SCPs) for all cancer survivors. Here, we describe for the first time use patterns of the first personalized Web-based SCP by lung cancer survivors. Patients and Methods A program for creation of SCP, OncoLife, was made publicly accessible through OncoLink (available at: http://www.oncolink.org ), a Web site serving over 3.9 million pages per month to 385,000 unique IP addresses (August 2007) and based at the University of Pennsylvania. Data was maintained anonymously and securely, and collection and analysis processes were reviewed by the institutional review board. Users responded to queries regarding demographics, diagnosis, and treatment and received comprehensive, individualized guidelines for future care addressing issues such as late toxicity, second malignancy, fertility, and tumor recurrence. Results From May 2007 to May 2008, 2573 individuals completed OncoLife surveys. Users described themselves as cancer survivors (66%), family members/friends of survivors (12%), and healthcare providers (23%), and identified themselves as residents of 46 states and 15 countries. Median age at cancer diagnosis was 48 years (range, 18–100 years), and median current age was 51 years (19 to > 100 years). Users were 86% white and 71% female. Lung cancer survivors comprised 5% (n = 113) of the population of OncoLife users. Lung cancer survivors were 51% female and 93% white. Chemotherapy was delivered to 75% of patients with lung cancer, with platinum- and paclitaxel-based agents being the most common drugs used (93% and 57%, respectively). Radiation was used in the treatment of 57% of lung cancer survivors and surgery in treatment of 38%. Most lung cancer survivors (84%) reported receiving follow-up care from a dedicated oncologist, although only 36% reported being followed by a primary care provider (PCP). Only 10% reported receiving survivorship information at the conclusion of therapy. Conclusions OncoLife represents the first Web-based program for creation of SCP, and patients, family members, and healthcare providers appear willing to use this type of tool. Most lung cancer survivors have received multimodality care, placing them at risk for treatment-related late effects. Most survivors do not report receiving routine care from a PCP, so attention to survivor healthcare needs by the oncology community is particularly important. Future versions of OncoLife will strive for increased accessibility and use in this underrepresented population.
Evolution of insect morphology in relation to plants

This short review points out some of the major physical problems faced by insects feeding on plants, and some of the kinds of morphological adaptations that have been noted to date. Major emphasis is given to two factors: the nature of the plant surface, and the difficulty of dealing with hard or tough food. The surface provides a great variety of terrains that require specialization for maximizing tenacity and agility, especially for small insects. It is suggested that natural enemies may provide significant selection for the relevant morphologies. The difficulty of feeding upon certain plant tissues is shown to be overcome in different ways by different herbivore groups. In the case of tough leaves for example, grasshopper mandible adaptations appear to have evolved to maximize efficiency of processing. On the other hand, in the case of caterpillars, mandible adaptations for tough food appear to be minimizing handling time with a concomitant reduction in risk of predation. Convergent evolution is shown in both grasshoppers and caterpillars for dealing with leaves of similar design and an example is given of rapid evolution of mouthpart morphology in response to differences in host characteristics. These examples are used to indicate the risks of using such characters in establishing phylogenetic relationships. Finally, it is pointed out that plant chemical qualities and plant ecological factors can influence insect morphological features.
A Review of: “The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right”

Readers familiar with Atul Gawande's previous bestsellers, Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science (2002) and Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance (2007), as well as his essays...
The theory of combined-arms lanchester-type models of warfare

The mathematical theory necessary to solve combined arms models of military combat is presented here. We show how to apply the theory of positive operators to such models. Most of the results are purely qualitative in character showing that many properties of such systems are independent of the actual numerical values of the coefficients. Finally, we discuss in some detail an example of such a system.
Systems pathology: A critical review

The technological advances of the last twenty years together with the dramatic increase in computational power have injected new life into systems-level thinking in Medicine. This review emphasizes the close relationship of Systems Pathology to Systems Biology and delineates the differences between Systems Pathology and Clinical Systems Pathology. It also suggests an algorithm to support the application of systems-level thinking to clinical research, proposes applying systems-level thinking to the health care systems and forecasts an acceleration of preventive medicine as a result of the coupling of personal genomics with systems pathology.
Bird-Caging in Wire Rope

In many cases, wire rope is subjected to impact loads which send axial and torsional responses up and down the rope. If the loads are severe enough, the outer strands can separate from the core in a permanent manner and thus render the rope useless. Such a phenomenon is generally known as birdcaging. A bird cage is a term often used to describe the permanent appearance of a wire rope forced into compression. Figure 7.1, taken from the Wire Rope Users Manual [4], depicts such an event.
On-line, self-monitoring tuner for proportional integral derivative controllers

The author describes a fuzzy-logic-based tuner for continuous online tuning of proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers. A unique feature of this tuner is the adaptive scaling of its output in real-time by a self-monitoring algorithm which is a function of the history and certain statistical measures of performance. The adaptive scaling makes the tuner robust to large variations in parametric and dynamic uncertainties in the plant models. The author presents simulation results to demonstrate the performance of the tuner and the self-monitoring algorithm. >
Localization of Calmodulin and Dynein Light Chain Lc8 in Flagellar Radial Spokes

Genetic and in vitro analyses have revealed that radial spokes play a crucial role in regulation of ciliary and flagellar motility, including control of waveform. However, the mechanisms of regulation are not understood. Here, we developed a novel procedure to isolate intact radial spokes as a step toward understanding the mechanism by which these complexes regulate dynein activity. The isolated radial spokes sediment as 20S complexes that are the size and shape of radial spokes. Extracted radial spokes rescue radial spoke structure when reconstituted with isolated axonemes derived from the radial spoke mutant pf14. Isolated radial spokes are composed of the 17 previously defined spoke proteins as well as at least five additional proteins including calmodulin and the ubiquitous dynein light chain LC8. Analyses of flagellar mutants and chemical cross-linking studies demonstrated calmodulin and LC8 form a complex located in the radial spoke stalk. We postulate that calmodulin, located in the radial spoke stalk, plays a role in calcium control of flagellar bending.
Distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure secondary to Clostridium difficile colitis

Distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt obstruction is typically associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection, fluid pseudocysts, bowel obstruction, bowel perforation, or improper shunt placement in the abdomen. We describe a unique etiology for distal shunt obstruction secondary to Clostridium difficile pancolitis that occurred because of inflammation and ascites, which led to incomplete drainage and absorption of CSF. This case illustrates the importance of considering distal shunt obstruction in a patient with signs of abdominal pathology in the setting of mental status changes, and the effective treatment of this patient initially with distal catheter externalization followed by internalization of a new distal catheter after resolution of the pancolitis.
Diet composition of two larval headwater stream salamanders and spatial distribution of prey

Summary Interspecific overlap in resource use can determine the degree to which different presumed guild members have distinct or similar effects on ecosystem processes or responses to environmental change. Many headwater streams of North America support multiple species of larval salamanders commonly defined as a single guild that can influence macroinvertebrate communities and nutrient dynamics and are sensitive to stream alteration. We explored macroinvertebrate distributions in conjunction with stable isotope and gut content analyses of salamanders to examine similarities in diet between two sympatric larval salamander species (Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea cirrigera) in four headwater streams. We determined the degree to which larval salamanders used similar prey functional feeding groups (FFGs) and taxa and determined the primary source habitat (pools versus riffles) of prey. Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) suggest the two salamander species occupied similar trophic positions and individual-based stable isotope mixing models indicated similar use of macroinvertebrate predators and filterers by both species. Diet analyses were generally consistent with stable isotope results in identifying prey FFGs that composed the largest biomass of salamander diets. However, despite similarities in diet at the resolution of FFGs, there was little overlap in the specific taxa consumed by the two salamander species: 52 prey taxa were consumed over all samples, with only 16 taxa in common. Further, only five prey taxa were common in dominating diet biomass of both species; there was more overlap in taxa in terms of diet abundance. We assessed patterns in benthic macroinvertebrate biomass and compared the biomass of taxa that were in pools versus riffles to the biomass and abundance of taxa in salamander diets. Total macroinvertebrate biomass was generally higher in pools; however, the majority of salamander prey biomass was from riffle habitats, a trend that was stronger for D. quadramaculatus than for E. cirrigera. There was greater similarity in taxa comprising diet by abundance with the majority of prey items originating from pools. The larval salamander species used similar prey FFGs but differed significantly in specific prey taxa. We hypothesise that species differences in diets were most likely a function of differences in larval size and microhabitat use. Consequently, the treatment of larval salamanders as a guild is probably inadequate for predicting the effect of larval salamander diversity on some stream processes, and species may differ in how they respond to factors affecting prey assemblages.
Denosologization of biological psychiatry or the specificity of 5-HT disturbances in psychiatric disorders.

Abstract 5-Hydroxytraptamine (5-HT) disorders have been reported to occur in a variety of psychiatric disorders. The situation has been called chaotic, the disturbances non-specific. We reject this viewpoint. 5-HT disturbances are non-specific only from a nosological/categorical viewpoint; they seem rather specific from a functional/dimensional point of view, correlating as they do with particular psychopathological dimensions, i.e. aggression-, anxiety- and possibly mood-disregulation, across diagnosis. The evolution of 5-HT research in psychiatry illustrates the importance of what we have called the functional approach, implying dissection of a given psychopathological syndrome in its component parts, i.e., the psychological dysfunctions, and searching for correlations between biological and psychological dysfunctions. The rigid preoccupation of biological psychiatry with the search for markets of disease entities has hampered progress. The functional approach should be incorporated in biological psychiatry, not as an alternative for the nosological approach but as its complement.
Distribution of transient receptor potential channels in the rat carotid chemosensory pathway.

Glomus cells in the carotid body respond to decreases in oxygen tension of the blood and transmit this sensory information in the carotid sinus nerve to the brain via neurons in the petrosal ganglion. G-protein-coupled membrane receptors linked to phospholipase C may play an important role in this response through the activation of the cation channels formed by the transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins. In the present study, expression of TRPC proteins in the rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion was examined using immunohistochemical techniques. TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6, and TRPC7 were present in neurons throughout the ganglion. TRPC1 was expressed in only 28% of petrosal neurons, and of this population, 45% were tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive, accounting for essentially all the TH-expressing neurons in the ganglion. Because TH-positive neurons project to the carotid body, this result suggests that TRPC1 is selectively associated with the chemosensory pathway. Confocal images through the carotid body showed that TRPC1/3/4/5/6 proteins localize to the carotid sinus nerve fibers, some of which were immunoreactive to an anti-neurofilament (NF) antibody cocktail. TRPC1 and TRPC3 were present in both NF-positive and NF-negative fibers, whereas TPRC4, TRPC5, and TRPC6 expression was primarily localized to NF-negative fibers. Only TRPC1 and TRPC4 were localized in the afferent nerve terminals that encircle individual glomus cells. TRPC7 was not expressed in sensory fibers. All the TRPC proteins studied were present in type I glomus cells. Although their role as receptor-activated cation channels in the chemosensory pathway is yet to be established, the presence of TRPC channels in glomus cells and sensory nerves of the carotid body suggests a role in facilitating and/or sustaining the hypoxic response.
Real-time optimization of dead time for motor control inverters

A correlation-based control technique was used previously to optimize dead time in synchronous rectifier-based buck converters. Here, the correlation method is applied to the problem of optimizing dead time in motor drive inverters. The approach works on each inverter leg. It optimizes dead time to minimize input current either to each leg or to the inverter bridge as a whole. This in turn minimizes switching loss as current commutates between inverter devices. The approach is shown to be stable whenever switching action takes place. An experimental implementation is given. Results show a significant reduction in switching loss for the test inverter.
The role of Mississippi River discharge in offshore phytoplankton blooming in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during August 2010

Abstract A phytoplankton bloom covering an area > 11,000 km 2 has been reported in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico east of the Mississippi River Delta in August 2010 (30°–28° N, 90°–86° W) based on NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) chlorophyll fluorescence line height (FLH) images. The bloom appeared to be anomalous relative to a historical monthly chlorophyll FLH mean (August 2002 to 2010), and was attributed by others to the Deepwater Horizon ( DWH ) oil spill accident. Here we tested an alternative hypothesis that the eastward dispersal of the Mississippi River plume entrained in wind-driven currents contributed to the development of this phytoplankton bloom. We examined Mississippi River discharge and nutrient records, ship-based surface salinity data, and the time-series of MODIS ocean color and FLH images. Wind measurements from buoys showed winds > 6 m s − 1 first in a southerly (northward) direction August 8–10, and then in a northerly (southward) direction until August 26. Results from the American Seas-Navy Coastal Ocean Model (AmSeas-NCOM) show how coastal water was advected in wind-driven currents into the area of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico where the bloom was documented. Between July 9 and September 8, 2010, the discharge of the Mississippi River exceeded the 20-year mean. During this time, the northeastern Gulf received an estimated excess volume of approximately 8.3 × 10 9 m 3 relative to the 20-year mean. Together with findings from a particle trajectory model, we conclude that nutrients and other materials (e.g., sediments) from the excessive discharge of the Mississippi River and adjacent marshes and wind-driven currents likely contributed to the anomalous bloom observed during August 2010 and to the anomalously high organic matter sedimentation rates observed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Performance Measurement: Getting Results (2nd Edition)

Long before performance measurement came into vogue, Hatry was leading the way and pioneering methods for public sector and nonprofit agencies to measure the performance of their programs. Since th...
Indications for ascending aortic replacement size alone is not enough.

Literature over the last 2 decades has progressively lowered the threshold for ascending aortic replacement at the time of aortic valve replacement. Current American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines recommend replacing the ascending aorta at the time of aortic
The CH Series of Murine B Cell Lymphomas: Identification of Cross-reactive Idiotypes and Restricted Antigen Specificities

Mice of the double congenic strain, B10.H-2aH-4bp/Wts (2a4b), display a high incidence of lymphoma following intense adoptive immunization with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The tumors which arise comprise a heterogenous group, including the UNC series of T cell lymphomas (Corley 1983), the CH series of B cell lymphomas (Lanier 1982), and a set of lymphomas which are not readily characterized as belonging to either the B cell or T cell lineage (unpublished data). Presently available data are insufficient to define the etiology of this disease, but we previously had found that heterologous anti-idiotype sera raised against the surface IgM of CHI and of CH2 each reacted with one other of the first 11 B cell lymphomas described (CH9 and CH5, respectively) (Arnold 1982). This suggested that a limited subset of the total normal idiotype repertoire might be expressed by CH lymphomas. We also had found that the surface immunoglobulin of CH12 was specifically reactive with an epitope present on SRBC, suggesting that adoptive immunization had led to the expansion of a subset of B cells with neoplastic potential (Arnold 1983).
Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death

The constitutive anabolism of cancer cells not only supports proliferation but also addicts tumor cells to a steady influx of exogenous nutrients. Limiting access to metabolic substrates could be an effective and selective means to block cancer growth. In this review, we define the pathways by which cancer cells acquire the raw materials for anabolism, highlight the actionable proteins in each pathway, and discuss the status of therapeutic interventions that disrupt nutrient acquisition. Critical open questions to be answered before apical metabolic inhibitors can be successfully and safely deployed in the clinic are also outlined. In summary, recent studies provide strong support that substrate limitation is a powerful therapeutic strategy to effectively, and safely, starve cancer cells to death.
STUDY OF 66-SEC ISOMERIC STATE OF $sup 222$Ac.

An isomeric state of $^{222}\mathrm{Ac}$ with a half-life of 66 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3 sec has been discovered in bombardments of lead with $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ ions. The isomer decays by $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle emission and has a complex spectrum with major $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle groups at 6.46 (2%), 6.71 (8%), 6.75 (15%), 6.81 (27%), 6.84 (10%), 6.89 (15%), 6.97 (8%), and 7.00 MeV (15%). Evidence for the decay of the isomeric state both by isomeric transition (10%) and by electron capture (\ensuremath{\sim}1%) is presented. The half-life of $^{218}\mathrm{Fr}$ was measured to be 0.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6 msec.
Intracellular Distribution of Proteolytic Enzymes in Rat Liver Tissue.

SummaryThe mitochondria of rat liver homogenates contain proteinases similar to cathepsins B and C. An inhibitor for the hydrolytic activity of cathepsin B is present in the supernatant fluid of the same homogenates.
Naturally occurring fatal disease of the pregnant golden hamster.

SummaryThere is a spontaneous maternal mortality of approximately 1 in 300 pregnancies at a commercial colony of Syrian hamsters. Twenty to 25% of deaths occur on or after the 14th day of the 16-day gestation period. Nearly half the number of hamsters dying at this time exhibits the renal lesions characteristic of the generalized Shwartzman reaction.
Interrater reliability of a near-miss risk index for incident learning systems in radiation oncology

Abstract Purpose Tools for assessing the severity and risk of near-miss events in radiation oncology are few and needed. Recent work has described guidelines for the use of a 5-tier near-miss risk index (NMRI) for the classification of near-miss events. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the NMRI among users in a radiation oncology department. Methods and materials Reliability of the NMRI was assessed using an online survey distributed to members of a radiation oncology department. The survey contained 70 events extracted from the department's incident learning system (ILS). Survey participants rated each event using the NMRI guidelines, reported their attendance to weekly ILS meetings (used as a surrogate for familiarity with the ILS), and indicated their familiarity with the radiation oncology workflow. Interrater reliability was determined using Krippendorff's alpha. Use of the NMRI to rate actual events during 5 weekly ILS meetings was also assessed and interrater reliability determined. Results Twenty-eight survey respondents represented a wide variety of care providers. Krippendorff's alpha was calculated for the whole respondent cohort to be 0.376, indicating fair agreement among raters. Respondents who had the most participation at ILS meetings (n = 4) had moderate agreement with an alpha of 0.501. Interestingly, there were significant differences in reliability and median NMRI scores between professions. NMRI use during weekly NMRI meetings (80 events rated), participants showed moderate reliability (alpha = 0.607). Conclusions Using the NMRI guidelines, raters from a wide variety of professions were able to assess the severity of near-miss incidents with fair agreement. Those experienced with the ILS showed better agreement, and higher agreement was seen during multidisciplinary ILS meetings. These data support the use the indices such as the NMRI for near-miss risk assessment in patient safety and prioritization of process improvements in radiation oncology.
Applying Classification Trees to Hospital Administrative Data to Identify Patients with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common cause of acute hospitalization. Currently, there is no accepted standard for identifying patients with LGIB in hospital administrative data. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a set of classification algorithms that use hospital administrative data to identify LGIB. Methods Our sample consists of patients admitted between July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2003 (derivation cohort) and July 1, 2003 and June 30, 2005 (validation cohort) to the general medicine inpatient service of the University of Chicago Hospital, a large urban academic medical center. Confirmed cases of LGIB in both cohorts were determined by reviewing the charts of those patients who had at least 1 of 36 principal or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes associated with LGIB. Classification trees were used on the data of the derivation cohort to develop a set of decision rules for identifying patients with LGIB. These rules were then applied to the validation cohort to assess their performance. Results Three classification algorithms were identified and validated: a high specificity rule with 80.1% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity, a rule that balances sensitivity and specificity (87.8% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity), and a high sensitivity rule with 100% sensitivity and 91.0% specificity. Conclusion These classification algorithms can be used in future studies to evaluate resource utilization and assess outcomes associated with LGIB without the use of chart review.
Analysis of health monitoring results in public places of Taizhou in 2013

Objective To understand the sanitary conditions in public places and strengthen the management of public health so as to ensure the health and safety of consumers. Methods According to the Technical Rules of Health Monitoring for Public Places,Standard Examination Methods for Public Place and Hygienic Standard for Public Place,on- site hygiene was inspected and evaluated. Results A total of 94 public places were monitored in 2013,of which 1 120 indoor environment items were detected with total qualified rate of 96. 1%. The highest qualified rate were hair beauty and the supermarket with 100. 0% and the lowest qualified rate was bath industry with 92. 3%. 922 public articles were tested with qualified rate of 82. 1% and the highest qualified rates were hotels with 91. 6% and the lowest qualified rates was hair beauty industry and cultural entertainment with65. 2% and 25. 0%,respectively. Conclusion The sanitary condition of public places in Taizhou is good in all. The air quality was better in supermarket and hair beauty than in cultural entertainment and bath industry. The detection rate of public goods,except the hotel,are at a low level. The supervision of public places should be enhanced,and technical guidance and supervision and monitoring of public places should be strengthened.
Approximate lifted belief propagation

Lifting can greatly reduce the cost of inference on first-order probabilistic models, but constructing the lifted network can itself be quite costly. In addition, the minimal lifted network is often very close in size to the fully propositionalized model; lifted inference yields little or no speedup in these situations. In this paper, we address both these problems. We propose a compact hypercube-based representation for the lifted network, which can greatly reduce the cost of lifted network construction. We also present two methods for approximate lifted network construction, which groups together similar but distinguishable objects and treats them as if they were identical. This can greatly reduce the size of the lifted network as well as the time required for lifted network construction, but potentially at some cost to accuracy. The coarseness of the approximation can be adjusted depending on the accuracy required, and we can bound the resulting error. Experiments on six domains show great efficiency gains with only minor loss in accuracy.
Sensibility evaluation and rehabilitation.

SUMMARY Sensibility assessment plays a vital role in the care of peripheral nerve injuries. Preoperative testing can assist the physician in determining the need for surgical intervention and, in addition, provides an ongoing record of recovery. Rehabilitation of peripheral nerves will require many varieties of treatment. Only those aspects pertaining to desensitization and sensory re-education were addressed in this brief presentation; however, it is important to remember that the motor component of peripheral nerve injury is equally necessary for functional use of the hand.
Sport Experiences of Division I Collegiate Athletes and Their Perceptions of the Importance of Specialization

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to investigate Division I athletes’ prior sport participation and athletes’ perceptions regarding sport specialization. Athletes (N = 1041) completed self-report surveys and indicated that participation in their collegiate sport began around nine years of age (M = 9.10, SD = 3.83). Athletes played a large number of sports in elementary and middle school with participation decreasing during high school. For those athletes who specialized in one sport, specialization occurred typically at 12.5 years of age. In addition, athletes past sport background and perceptions of specialization differed depending on their college sport with some sports (i.e., gymnastics) starting participation and specializing earlier than others (i.e., football, cross country, and track and field). Interestingly, no differences existed in past sport experiences or perceptions of specialization dependent on scholarship status or expected playing status. This study supports prior research th...
T-Cell-mediated cytolysis: an overview of some current issues.

It is the purpose of this brief review to summarize some recent developments in our understanding of the mechanism of T-cell-mediated cytolysis. As is customary in this series, the account will be a rather personal one, and the “developments” to be discussed will center principally on observations made in this laboratory during the course of the last two years.
Comparative Trends in Payment Adjustments Between Safety-Net and Other Hospitals Since the Introduction of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program and Value-Based Purchasing.

The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals with higher than expected 30-day readmission rates for select conditions, and Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) adjusts Medicare’s payment rate to hospitals based on a set of defined process, outcome, and experience of care measures thereby redistributing dollars collected in penalties to higher performers as bonuses.1 Because safety-net hospitals historically have higher readmission rates and lower performance on process of care and patient experience measures, there has been concern that these programs put safety-net hospitals at a financial disadvantage.2,3 Several studies have found that safety-net hospitals are more likely to be penalized under both the HRRP and VBP4,5 despite improvements in their readmission rates.6 To assess the current status of these issues, we examined trends in Medicare payment adjustments made to hospitals under these programs since fiscal year (FY) 2013, and underlying changes within different clinical condition categories in the HRRP, with a focus on hospital safety-net status.
Fabrication of wide and deep cavities for silicon MEMS devices without wafer bonding

This paper presents a novel, versatile process for the fabrication of wide and deep cavities for silicon MEMS devices without the need for wafer bonding. Instead of filling large trenches with sacrificial materials before encapsulation or directly using wafer bonding, we present a method that utilizes isotropic etching with XeF 2 gas through a thin silicon dioxide film prior to the deposition of encapsulation materials to create and encapsulate large cavities. The process is demonstrated to be robust and can be easily incorporated into the fabrication of a variety of MEMS structures, including pressure sensors, ultrasonic devices, microfluidics chips, hermetically encapsulated silicon resonators, inertial sensors, and more.
Daily-level associations between PTSD and cannabis use among young sexual minority women.

Abstract Introduction Sexual minority women have elevated trauma exposure and prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to heterosexual women and they are also more likely to use cannabis, although no research has examined relationships between PTSD and cannabis use in this population. Daily-level methodologies are necessary to examine proximal associations between PTSD and use. Methods This study included 90 trauma-exposed young adult women who identified as sexual minorities (34.4% identified as lesbian and 48.9% identified as bisexual) and evaluated daily-level associations between their PTSD symptoms and cannabis use. Participants were assessed at two measurement waves, one year apart, each consisting of 14 consecutive daily assessments. Results Cannabis use occurred on 22.8% of the days. Results from generalized linear mixed effects models showed that a person's mean level of PTSD symptom severity across days was strongly associated with same-day likelihood of cannabis use (OR = 2.67 for 1 SD increase in PTSD score; p Conclusions Findings suggest that PTSD severity may confer general risk for cannabis use, rather than being a state-dependent risk factor.
The effect of value on statements of expectancy under four experimental conditions

Two hypotheses were put forth with respect to the relationship of value to statements of expectancy. First, given a specific sequence and relative frequency of a set of outcomes, the perception that the outcomes are skill-influenced will result in expectancy statements biased in direct relationship to the values of the outcomes. Secondly, forcing a distinction in expectations regarding events which are equally likely introduces a bias directly related to the values of the outcomes. Four groups of 10 subjects each were run under four experimental conditions. These were, Skill-Forced rank-order; Skill-Equal rank option; Chance-Forced rank-order; and Chance-Equal rank option. Both major hypotheses were supported by the data. In the discussion it was emphasized that the Skill-Chance dimension must be taken into serious consideration in research on expectancies (subjective probabilities) and that it is advisable to liberalize the judgment categories provided for expectancies in order to minimize the danger of artifactual bias.
Early English meter as a way of thinking

The second half of the fourteenth century saw a large uptick in the production of literature in English. This essay frames metrical variety and literary experimentation in the late fourteenth century as an opportunity for intellectual history. Beginning from the assumption that verse form is never incidental to the thinking it performs, the essay seeks to test Simon Jarvis’s concept of “prosody as cognition”, formulated with reference to Pope and Wordsworth, against a different literary archive. The essay is organized into three case studies introducing three kinds of metrical practice: the half-line structure in Middle English alliterative meter, the interplay between Latin and English in Piers Plowman , and final -e in Chaucer’s pentameter. The protagonists of the three case studies are the three biggest names in Middle English literature: the Gawain poet, William Langland, and Geoffrey Chaucer.
Predicting failure in rubber membranes: An experimental-numerical approach

Abstract A material model to predict tearing of a rubber membrane in finite element analysis was developed. Using experimental data from uniaxial tension test and tearing of rubber sheets, we combined a cohesive traction law with a hyper-viscoelastic constitutive equation to create this material model. The resulting material model described hyper-viscoelastic behavior before damage, damage initiation, and damage evolution and consequent crack growth through a finite element mesh. The numerical simulations of tearing rubber sheets were found to be in good agreement with test data in terms of force-displacement response, onset of fracture and crack growth path. A key advantage of using this proposed material model is that there was no need to pre-define crack paths in the finite element analysis. Crack paths were controlled by the damage initiation and evolution laws as well as the tearing energy of the rubber.
Sexual Behavior and Daily Affect in Emerging Adulthood

Although sexual behavior has been linked to mental health and well-being in adolescence and adulthood, relatively little is known about how sexual behavior is associated with well-being in emerging...
Live Demonstration: Image Classification Using Bio-inspired Spiking Neural Networks

We present a live demonstration of an image classification system using bio-inspired Spiking Neural Networks. Our network is three-layered and is trained with the images from the MNIST database, achieving an accuracy of 98.06%. Synapses connecting the output layer neurons obey the spike based weight-adaptation rule using the supervised learning algorithm called NormAD. This network, implemented on a graphical processing unit (GPU), is used to classify digits drawn by users on a touch-screen interface in real-time. The spike propagation maps generated and displayed by the platform reveal key insights about information processing mechanisms of the brain.
Sampling with semi-coprime arrays

This research introduces a new array geometry called Semi-Coprime Array (SCA) that has the potential to significantly increase the degrees of freedom of a Uniform Linear Array (ULA). An SCA interleaves three ULAs (Subarray 1, Subarray 2, and Subarray 3). Each SCA has two underlying coprime integers (M and N). Subarray 1 and Subarray 2 have undersampling factors based on the coprime integers M and N, while Subarray 3 is a full ULA with the number of sensors determined by the undersampling factors of Subarray 1 and Subarray 2. Interleaving the three subarrays results in a highly sparse non-uniform linear array. Taking the minimum of the three subarrays' outputs produces a pattern that is devoid of aliasing, yet offers the resolution of a full ULA with equal aperture. An SCA offers closed form expressions for sensor locations which many existing sparse arrays do not. Compared to other existing sparse arrays that offer closed form expressions for sensor locations, coprime arrays and nested arrays, an SCA saves more sensors and matches the peak side lobe height of a full ULA with less extension.