cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gastrojejunal ulcer: A study of 155 cases

Abstract Gastrojejunal ulceration is an uncommon complication of the surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcerative disease. It is essentially a complication of the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer. It rarely develops subsequent to surgical procedures for gastric ulcer and seldom occurs among women. It can best be prevented by drawing surgical indications more sharply by performing primary partial gastrectomy in those cases of duodenal ulcer in which experience has shown that gastrojejunal ulcer is likely to develop and by emphasizing the necessity of maintaining a reasonable medical management following the operation of gastroenterostomy. The diagnosis is usually not difficult, but should depend upon clinical evaluation of the patient's history, roentgenologic examination of the stomach, duodenum, gastroenteric stoma and the jejunum. Such roentgenologic studies may fail to reveal the presence of a gastrojejunal ulcer in 38 per cent of the cases, even when craters are present, although deformity of the gastroenteric stoma can be demonstrated in about 91 per cent of such cases. Extensive partial gastrectomy of the posterior Polya type has given the best results with the lowest operative mortality when the condition of the patient permits the use of the procedure. If it does not, partial gastrectomy can be done as a secondary procedure, after the patient recovers from the disconnection of the gastroenteric anastomosis and excision of the gastrojejunal ulcer. Although the results of other less radical surgical procedures may be satisfactory in about half of the cases, in the other half, recurrence of the duodenal ulcer will take place, necessitating partial gastrectomy. This will be more difficult and will be associated with an increased risk owing to the shortening of the duodenum as the result of the recurring duodenal ulcer.
Thermal divergences on the event horizons of two-dimensional black holes.

The expectation value of the stress-energy tensor $\langleT_{\mu\nu}\rangle$ of a free conformally invariant scalar field is computed in a general static two-dimensional black hole spacetime when the field is in either a zero temperature vacuum state or a thermal state at a nonzero temperature. It is found that for every static two-dimensional black hole the stress-energy diverges strongly on the event horizon unless the field is in a state at the natural black hole temperature which is defined by the surface gravity of the event horizon. This implies that both extreme and nonextreme two-dimensional black holes can only be in equilibrium with radiation at the natural black hole temperature.
Shallow Cumulus Mixing and Subcloud-Layer Responses to Variations in Aerosol Loading

AbstractThe sensitivity of lightly precipitating trade wind shallow cumulus to both aerosol concentration and domain size is investigated using large-eddy simulations (LESs). The mean states of liquid water potential temperature, total water, and velocity field exhibit negligible change between all LES runs, offering the perfect opportunity to investigate microphysical–dynamical interactions solely due to variations in aerosol concentration and not changes in meteorology. As aerosol concentration increases, two cloud population responses are found: 1) cloud and cloud-core widths decrease while their strength increases and 2) cloud and core numbers increase. The narrowing of the polluted clouds is caused by enhanced evaporation rates surrounding the cloud cores, which in turn shrinks the diameter of the cumulus toroidal circulation. The more narrow toroidal circulation in polluted clouds has a faster rise rate and imparts weaker dynamical entrainment on the cloud cores, resulting in stronger clouds as aero...
Minimal-access fetal surgery for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Background: Laser ablation of placental vessels effectively halts severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), but fetal surgery remains a dangerous approach. The authors present the technical aspects of endoscopic fetal surgery in their initial clinical experience. Methods: Altogether, 11 women underwent endoscopic fetal surgery for severe TTTS. Access to the recipient’s sac was obtained by the Seldinger technique via minilaparotomy. A 12-Fr peel-away introducer was used as a cannula to accommodate a custom-curved 9-Fr sheath containing a 1.9-mm semirigid fiber endoscope. Laser ablation was performed on all unpaired vessels crossing the intertwin membrane using a 400-µm neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) fiber. The cannula was removed over a gelatin sponge plug. Results: The median operating time was 65 min (range, 45–105 min). No patient experienced amniotic leak postoperatively. The length of hospital stay was 2.8 ± 1.6 days. Immediate improvement of the TTTS was noted in all but two patients. Pneumonia developed, in one mother leading to premature labor. There were no other major surgical complications. Fetal survival at 2 weeks was 73%. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of endoscopic fetal surgery for severe TTTS can be optimized with the application of current minimal-access techniques. The superiority of this approach over less invasive means is still being evaluated through prospective studies.
The link between injury-induced stress and regenerative phenomena: A cellular and genetic synopsis☆

Injury is an inescapable phenomenon of life that affects animals at every physiological level. Yet, some animals respond to injury by rebuilding the damaged tissues whereas others are limited to scarring. Elucidating how a tissue insult from wounding leads to a regenerative response at the genetic level is essential to make regenerative advantages translational. It has become clear that animals with regenerative abilities recycle developmental programs after injury, reactivating genes that have lied dormant throughout adulthood. The question that is critical to our understanding of regeneration is how a specific set of developmentally important genes can be reactivated only after an acute tissue insult. Here, we review how injury-induced cellular stresses such as hypoxic, oxidative, and mechanical stress may contribute to the genomic and epigenetic changes that promote regeneration in animals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity.
Selective attention in a multiple-response reaction-time task

Consistently higher correlations (.74 to .89) were noted between hand and foot RT of 7 subjects assigned to a contralateral group than for another 7 assigned to an ipsilateral group (rs = .80 to .51). Subjects button pressed to onset of a light.
Bacterial adherence and contamination during radiographic processing

Oral fluids are potential contaminants of radiographic processors. This investigation measured bacterial contamination in a radiographic processing room during times of high and low clinical activity and processing effects on five types of microorganisms. Cultures in the clinical setting, during high and low activity, were taken by brain-heart infusion agar plates placed near automatic processors. Site samples were taken of entrance, developer, fixer, water, and exit surfaces. Measurements of processing effects were accomplished by intentional contamination of films run in series through an automatic processor. Site samples were again taken of the processor. In the clinical setting colony-forming units increased with activity. Radiographic processing after intentional contamination decreased colony-forming units on films, but they increased for all processing solutions. Bacteria on radiographic film survived processing. Although processing procedures significantly reduce the number of bacteria on films, the potential for contamination and cross-contamination remains.
Effects of post-fire conditions on germination and seedling success of diffuse knapweed in northern Arizona

Introduction of exotic plant species is confounding treatments designed to reduce unnaturally high tree densities in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) forests of the western United States. Also, the recent increase in large, stand-replacing wildfires may promote introduction and spread of species, such as diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.), which may lead to reduced forage and land values and major ecosystem changes. We hypothesized that diffuse knapweed germination and seedling growth would respond positively to burned conditions in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Our first field study was based on a May 2002 wildfire near Flagstaff, Arizona (Site I). For the field study at Site I, we buried diffuse knapweed seeds in sealed mesh packets in four forest floor conditions: severely burned, moderately burned, unburned bare soil and unburned. We removed packets monthly and measured percent germination. Germination under severely burned conditions at Site I (overall average 76%) was higher than in unburned conditions (59%) (P = 0.017). Our second field study was based on a fuel reduction treatment with slash piles burned in February 2003 (Site II). Germination in seed packets was higher (P = 0.003) in pile burn scars (67%) than in adjacent unburned locations (38%) at Site II. In fall 2002, we planted knapweed seeds in pots containing intact soil cores from Site I from unburned and severely burned conditions. We allowed competition to grow in half the pots, and removed competition in the other half. Diffuse knapweed biomass/pot was greater (P = 0.035) in soil from the severely burned (2.6 g) compared to the unburned condition (0.6 g) from Site I. Knapweed biomass/pot also appeared greater when grown in soil from pile burn scars (3.3 g) compared with unburned locations (2.5 g) from Site II, although the difference was not significant (P = 0.317). We conclude that severe wildfire or pile burning can promote germination and seedling growth of diffuse knapweed in northern Arizona pine forests. Moreover, diffuse knapweed may also threaten unburned forests, as average germination was 48% in unburned locations. Failure to consider exotic invasive species in fuel reduction and wildfire rehabilitation may result in trading one undesirable condition for another.
EFFECT OF RECOVERY METHODS ON YIELD, QUALITY AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF POTATO PROTEIN CONCENTRATES

Several coagulants were tested as potential potato protein precipitants at room temperature for possible alternatives to the recently used energy-intensive pH adjustment/heat coagulation method. Potato processing waste was simulated under pilot plant conditions and was used as a model system for the protein recovery from food wastes. The amount of protein precipitated by citric acid and ferric chloride was comparable with that obtained by TCA/heat treatment. Crude protein content was lower and ash content was higher for the samples coagulated at room temperature but nitrogen solubility was higher when compared to the heat coagulated one.
Delivery of ultraviolet-inactivated 35S-herpesvirus across an osmotically modified blood-brain barrier

✓ The present studies were undertaken to determine if viral particles can be delivered across the rat blood-brain barrier (BBB). Osmotic BBB modification with intracarotid mannitol (25%) was immediately followed by bolus intracarotid administration of 0.5 ml purified, ultraviolet-inactivated, herpes simplex virus type 1 endogenously labeled with 35S-labeled methionine (2.0 × 106 cpm, approximately 5 × 108 plaque-forming units/ml). After 60 minutes, intravascular virus was cleared by saline perfusion and the animals were sacrificed. A marked increase (fourfold, p ≤ 0.02) in radioactivity was observed in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere when compared to control animals without barrier modification. Administration of intravenous virus immediately after BBB modification displayed no difference in delivery when compared to intracarotid saline-infused controls (without BBB modification) suggesting the importance of a first-pass phenomenon. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations among intr...
Central nervous system recurrence ten years after remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Therapy with vincristine and prednisone achieved a complete remission in a 10-year-old Caucasian girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine was then administered for seven years, but prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy and central nervous system (CNS) radiation were never given the patient. Ten years from the time of diagnosis, she presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure and a diagnosis of CNS leukemia was confirmed. At this time, however, no leukemia was detected on examination of her blood and bone marrow. She was successfully treated with intrathecal methotrexate and radiation therapy. After a careful search of the literature it has been concluded that this is the first reported case of such a long remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with subsequent relapse.
Effect of various coal contaminants on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells: Part I. Accelerated testing

Abstract The contaminants that are potentially present in the coal-derived gas stream and their thermochemical nature are discussed. Accelerated testing was carried out on Ni–YSZ/YSZ/LSM solid oxide fuel cells (YSZ: yttria stabilized zirconia and LSM: lanthanum strontium manganese oxide) for eight main kind of contaminants: CH3Cl, HCl, As, P, Zn, Hg, Cd and Sb at the temperature range of 750–850 °C. The As and P species, at 10 and 35 ppm, respectively, resulted in severe power density degradation at temperatures 800 °C and below. SEM and EDX analysis indicated that As attacked the Ni region of the anode surface and the Ni current collector, caused the break of the current collector and the eventual cell failure at 800 °C. The phosphorous containing species were found in the bulk of the anode, they were segregated and formed “grain boundary” like phases separating large Ni patches. These species are presumably nickel phosphide/phosphate and zirconia phosphate, which could break the Ni network for electron transport and inhibit the YSZ network for oxygen ion transport. The presence of 40 ppm CH3Cl and 5 ppm Cd only affected the cell power density at above 800 °C and Cd caused significant performance loss. Whereas the presence of 9 ppm Zn, 7 ppm Hg and 8 ppm Sb only degraded the cell power density by less than 1% during the 100 h test in the temperature range of 750–850 °C.
Dust in the Caribbean atmosphere traced to an African dust storm

Abstract Previous aerosol studies have shown that large quantities of dust are often present in the trade winds entering the Caribbean area; indirect evidence suggested that this material was derived from arid regions in Africa. We report here on a dust event which we observed at Barbados on June 12, 1967, and which we have traced to a dust storm covering a large area of West Africa on June 7, 1967; the storm is clearly visible in an ESSA 5 satellite photograph. The composition of the dust from this storm is similar to that of dusts collected during the summer and fall at Barbados except that the particle size distribution of the storm-derived dust is skewed sharply toward the larger particles: 25% of the sample mass consists of particles above 10 μm diameter and 4% above 20 μm diameter; we attribute the anomalous character of the size distribution to the unusually energetic nature of the dust storm. On the basis of similarities in composition and air parcel trajectories, we conclude that most of the airborne dust transported over the western Atlantic Ocean during the summer and early fall is derived from the same general area of the storm — Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Mali and Senegal.
Transport of drugs in the kidney by the human organic cation transporter, OCT2 and its genetic variants.

ABSTRACT: The human organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2 ) is a multispecific transporter of organic cations, including many clinically used drugs. OCT2 is primarily responsible for the uptake of organic cations across the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and is considered a major transporter in the active secretion of organic cations in the kidney. Uptake of organic cations by OCT2 is driven by the inside-negative membrane potential and is pH-sensitive. Regulation of OCT2 at the transcriptional level by steroid hormones and at the protein level by various protein kinases has been described. Several human genetic variants in the coding region of OCT2 have been identified and functionally characterized, including both polymorphic and rare variants. A variety of structurally diverse compounds have been shown to interact with OCT2, including endogenous compounds, drugs, and dietary supplements. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association
Genetic and epigenetic factors that influence the occurrence of spontaneous lymphoid tumors in crosses of mice of high‐ and low‐incidence strains

AKR mice, which spontaneously develop greater than 90% incidence of lymphocytic leukemia (LL), crossed with SJL mice, which show greater than 80% incidence of Hodgkin's-like reticulum-cell sarcoma (RCS), produced F1 progeny showing incidences of 30% LL and 0% RCS. Thus, each strain possesses one or more dominant genes capable of interfering with the emergence of the tumor type typical of the other strain. Although mice of reciprocal F1 crosses showed a profound difference in expression of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus (E-MuLV) due to a maternal resistance factor transmitted by SJL females but not males, the two populations did not differ detectably in LL incidence. Like AKR mice, mice of 5 other strains studied (C58, DBA/2, PL, RF and ST/b) possessed one or more genes conferring resistance to RCS in F1 crosses with SJL. Analysis of LL incidences in F1 generations of all possible crosses among these 7 strains revealed 4 different categories of strains with respect to susceptibility/resistance to LL; only ST/b mice, which show no significant incidence of spontaneous LL, lacked genes that could suppress the disease in crosses with high- or moderate-incidence strains. SJL mice treated topically with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) developed a 50% incidence of LL, mostly before one year of age; treated mice surviving after one year of age developed a high incidence of RCS.
Efficient amalgam core elimination and root preservation with ultrasonic instrumentation

An efficient ultrasonic vibratory energy technique for the elimination of deeply placed amalgam core in an endodontically treated tooth is presented. Root integrity is ensured by avoiding complete reliance on rotary burs for the removal of the obstructing alloy.
Radon emanation from the lunar surface

Apollo 11 lunar soil and rock samples under low level beta spectrometry, measuring radon daughter Pb 210
Feature space warping: an approach to relevance feedback

Relevance feedback has been shown to be an effective tool to enhance content-based information retrieval (CBIR) systems. We propose a new approach to relevance feedback by warping the database's feature space, or shifting the objects' data points in a controlled manner responding to user feedback. We demonstrate that given consistent feedback, the performance of the retrieval system can be significantly increased.
Introduction of a New Optimization Mechanism for Electimize

Electimize is a new evolutionary algorithm that simulates the phenomenon of the flow of electrons and electrical conductivity. Previous research proved Electimize to be very efficient in solving NP-hard optimization problems. The algorithm demonstrates higher capabilities in searching the solution space extensively, and identifying global optimal alternatives, if any. The basic advantage of Electimize over other evolutionary algorithms (EAs) lies in the evaluation process of the quality of the solution strings. Unlike other EAs, Electimize evaluates the quality of every value in the solution string independently. Recent research showed that Electimize is slow in converging towards the optimal solution, if the size of problem is increased. This paper presents a new mechanism for enhancing the performance of Electimize by introducing new parameters that would guide the algorithm towards the optimal values. The paper discusses the methodology of the work, the basic theory behind the newly introduced parameters, and the main steps of optimization.
Prognostic factors in sinonasal sarcomas: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology and end result database.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Sinonasal sarcomas are rare and often aggressive malignant tumors. Although tumor histology and location are the only reported prognostic indicators for this disease, we sought to determine if additional clinical factors might influence patient survival. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using a national cancer database. Methods: Cases of sinonasal sarcomas from 1973 to 2008 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database. The influence of patient age, gender, race, and prior irradiation, as well as tumor histology and subsite, was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 352 patients with sinonasal sarcomas were identified. Histologic subtype, tumor location, gender, and patient age were found to influence patient survival. Specifically, increased age, male sex, frontal and maxillary sinus subsites, and rhabdomyosarcoma and Kaposi sarcoma histologies were associated with a significant increase in mortality rate (P < .05). Conclusions: This study comprises the largest analysis of patients with sinonasal sarcoma in the literature and demonstrates the impact of patient age, tumor histology, and tumor location on the overall survival of individuals with these rare malignancies. Laryngoscope, 2012
Balance of Plant Considerations for Load-Leveling Batteries

Presented are the major types of batteries being developed for load-leveling and a generic description of the balance of plant (BOP). The generic BOP description is used to define the components needed to integrate a load-leveling battery facility with an electric system. The BOP considerations for integrating a load-leveling battery with an electric system are described.
Low-energy electron scattering of NO: Ab initio analysis of the ^3Sigma^-, ^1Delta, and ^1Sigma^+ shape resonances in the local complex potential model (11 pages)

We present an ab initio study of elastic scattering and vibrational excitation of NO by low-energy s0 ‐ 2.0 eVd electron impact. The low-energy scattering cross sections are dominated by shape resonance contributions associated with the 3 S ˛ , 1 D, and 1 S + states of NO ˛ . Resonance parameters for the three anion states were extracted from an analysis of fixed-nuclei variational (complex Kohn) calculations that employed elaborate trial wave functions. Independent estimates of the resonance parameters were obtained by analytically continuing the results of large-scale coupled-cluster calculations into the plane of complex momentum. The local complex potential model was used to calculate vibrational excitation cross sections, as well as the resonant portion of the vibrationally elastic cross sections. These results were combined with background contributions from the fixed-nuclei calculations to compute elastic and grand total cross sections. Our results capture the essential features of recent measurements of the cross sections, but suggest the need at lower energies for a more sophisticated, nonlocal treatment of nuclear dynamics.
Iatrogenic keratectasia after a deep primary keratotomy during laser in situ keratomileusis

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe a case of keratectasia after a deep primary keratotomy during an aborted laser in situ keratomileusis procedure. METHODS: Retrospective, observational case report. RESULTS: In a 47-year-old woman, progressive keratectasia developed after a 90% depth keratotomy during an aborted laser in situ keratomileusis procedure. This case was managed with a rigid gas permeable contact lens and consideration for penetrating keratoplasty. CONCLUSION: Keratectasia is a reported microkeratome-related complication after laser in situ keratomileusis. Appropriate microkeratome assembly and surgeon awareness are necessary to avoid this complication.
A novel gene STORP (STOmatin-Related Protein) is localized 2 kb upstream of the promyelocytic gene on chromosome 15q22

We generated a 100-kb map of the region 5' of the PML (promyelocytic leukemia) gene on human chromosome 15q22 and identified a new gene provisionally named STORP for stomatin-related protein. The STORP gene is positioned 2 kb upstream of the PML gene in a head-to-head configuration, and contains 7 exons spanning a genomic region of about 11 kb. There is an open reading frame of 398 amino acids, which would encode a protein of 45 kD. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the STORP gene has a ubiquitous pattern of expression similar to that of the PML gene. Hybridization of STORP cDNA probe to genomic DNA from other species demonstrated that the STORP gene is conserved among mammalian vertebrates and that the physical linkage with PML is conserved in mice. Unlike PML, the STORP gene is not induced by interferon alpha (IFNalpha), and thus can be distinctly regulated from the PML gene. STORP is homologous to the EPB72 gene coding for the erythrocyte band 7 integral membrane protein or stomatin, which is deficient in a certain form of hereditary stomatocytosis. The function of STORP is unknown. Further study will focus on studying its potential role in red cell function and disorders.
Divine Love and Deep Connections: A Long-Term Followup of Patients Surviving Cardiac Surgery

We examined experiencing divine love as an indicator of affective spiritual growth in a prospective cohort of 200 patients surviving cardiac surgery. These patients previously completed two-wave preoperative interviews when standardized cardiac surgery data were also collected. The information included left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association Classification, baseline health (physical and mental), optimism, hope, religiousness, prayer coping, religious/spiritual coping, and demographics. We then measured divine love at 900 days postoperatively. Hierarchical linear regression indicated the direct effect of positive religious coping on experiences of divine love, controlling for other key variables. Postoperatively perceived spiritual support was entered at the final step as an explanatory factor, which appeared to mediate the coping effect. None of the other faith factors predicted divine love. Further research regarding divine love and spiritual support may eventually guide clinical attempts to support patients' spiritual growth as an independently relevant outcome of cardiac surgery.
Finger flexor motor control patterns during active flexion: an in vivo tendon force study.

Abstract An in vivo tendon force measurement system was used to evaluate index finger flexor motor control patterns during active finger flexion. During open carpal tunnel release surgery (N = 12) the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficilias (FDS) tendons were instrumented with buckle force transducers and participants performed finger flexion at two different wrist angles (0° or 30°). During finger flexion, there was concurrent change of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint angles, but the FDP and FDS tendon force changes were not concurrent. For the FDS tendon, no consistent changes in force were observed across participants at either wrist angle. For the FDP tendon, there were two force patterns. With the wrist in a neutral posture, the movement was initiated without force from the finger flexors, and further flexion (after the first 0.5 s) was carried out with force from the FDP. With the wrist in a flexed posture, the motion was generally both initiated and continued using FDP force. At some wrist postures, finger flexion was initiated by passive forces which were replaced by FDP force to complete the motion.
The Specification Problem in Economic History

The rise of the new economic history has provoked a vigorousdebate on methodology. At issue is the validity of the effort of econometric historians or cliometricians, as practitioners of the new work are sometimes called, to apply the mathematical models of economics to the study of history. Some older historians have attacked the use of such models on the ground that they violate the empirical character of the discipline. In this view, the models employed by the cliometricians represent an unwarranted intrusion of speculation into an area of research previously limited to the careful collection and presentation of facts. The most severe criticism has been directed at the propensity of the new economic historians to deal with questions of the counterfactual-conditional type, that is, with questions which ask how the development of the economy would have been altered by the absence of one or more of its observed features. It has been asserted that the models which underlie the answers to such questions are “figments” and that they cannot be verified. Consequently counterfactual models are held to be a direct threat to the integrity of economic history as an empirically confirmed description of the economic development of nations.
Covert use of topical microbicides: implications for acceptability and use.

The introduction of microbicides is still a few years away which affords researchers time to study the implications consequences and advisability of secret use. Covert use and its possible risks and benefits should be considered far in advance of product introduction. Well-informed introduction is paramount. Careful attention to product presentation and cultural context is necessary as some marketing strategies could either encourage or discourage covert use discourage use altogether or alienate male partners which could make the discovery of covert use more perilous for women. This paper discusses findings from research on contraceptive and condom use as well as microbicide studies to show how women decide to use a new product. The term "covert" is used in this paper since it is less associated with illicit or illegal activities than "stealth" or "clandestine." (excerpt)
Quantifying variety-specific heat resistance and the potential for adaptation to climate change

The impact of climate change on crop yields has become widely measured; however, the linkages for winter wheat are less studied due to dramatic weather changes during the long growing season that are difficult to model. Recent research suggests significant reductions under warming. A potential adaptation strategy involves the development of heat resistant varieties by breeders, combined with alternative variety selection by producers. However, the impact of heat on specific wheat varieties remains relatively unstudied due to limited data and the complex genetic basis of heat tolerance. Here, we provide a novel econometric approach that combines field-trial data with a genetic cluster mapping to group wheat varieties and estimate a separate extreme heat impact (temperatures over 34 °C) across 24 clusters spanning 197 varieties. We find a wide range of heterogeneous heat resistance and a trade-off between average yield and resistance. Results suggest that recently released varieties are less heat resistant than older varieties, a pattern that also holds for on-farm varieties. Currently released - but not yet adopted - varieties do not offer improved resistance relative to varieties currently grown on farm. Our findings suggest that warming impacts could be significantly reduced through advances in wheat breeding and/or adoption decisions by producers. However, current adaptation-through-adoption potential is limited under a 1 °C warming scenario as increased heat resistance cannot be achieved without a reduction in average yields.
Multiple Roles of Academic Reference Librarians:: Problems of Education and Training

Les activites professionnelles du bibliothecaire attache au service de reference sont multiples et variees comme en temoigne, le libelle des annonces de recrutement. A la fois «generaliste» et specialiste, il doit satisfaire toutes les demandes d'un utilisateur. De plus il doit connaitre les technologies de l'information et les differentes sources d'information, sans compter ses qualites humaines pour le dialogue et la comprehension
Reticulons Regulate the ER Inheritance Block during ER Stress.

Segregation of functional organelles during the cell cycle is crucial to generate healthy daughter cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ER stress causes an ER inheritance block to ensure cells inherit a functional ER. Here, we report that formation of tubular ER in the mother cell, the first step in ER inheritance, depends on functional symmetry between the cortical ER (cER) and perinuclear ER (pnER). ER stress induces functional asymmetry, blocking tubular ER formation and ER inheritance. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we show that the ER chaperone Kar2/BiP fused to GFP and an ER membrane reporter, Hmg1-GFP, behave differently in the cER and pnER. The functional asymmetry and tubular ER formation depend on Reticulons/Yop1, which maintain ER structure. LUNAPARK1 deletion in rtn1Δrtn2Δyop1Δ cells restores the pnER/cER functional asymmetry, tubular ER generation, and ER inheritance blocks. Thus, Reticulon/Yop1-dependent changes in ER structure are linked to ER inheritance during the yeast cell cycle.
Clinical Observation on the Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications in Esophagus Carcinoma Patients

Objective:To explore the causes and control measures of postoperative complications in esophagus carcinoma patients.Method:The clinical data of 235 esophagus carcinoma patients who showed different postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed.Result:The incidence of the complications was 21.70%(51/235).The main complications were as follows:pulmonary complications was 16.17%(38/235),anastomotic leak was 3.40%(8/235),chylothorax was 1.28%(3/235)and empyema was 0.85%(2/235).The hospital mortality rate was 0.85%(2/235).Conclusion:The major complications following radical sugery for esophageal carcinoma are pulmonary complications and anastomotic leak. They are also the main death causes. Making a good preoperative preraration,treating the preoperative complications and standarding the operative procedure are the critical measures of preventing the complications.
Venular-arteriolar diffusion of adenosine in hamster cremaster microcirculation

During increases in blood flow, both the terminal and the proximal arterioles dilate. The mechanism behind the dilation of the proximal arterioles is not known but may be the result of the diffusion of a vasoactive metabolite from adjacent venules. To determine whether an increase in venous adenosine (ADO) concentration could affect an adjacent arteriole, venules were perfused using a micropipette containing 10(-7)-10(-4) M ADO. During the venular perfusion, arteriolar diameter and red blood cell velocity were measured at a site 0.5 to 6 mm from the micropipette tip. The adjacent arteriole of the venular arteriolar pair dilated 29 +/- 3% with a 5-s 10(-4) M ADO perfusion, 32 +/- 4% with a 10-s 10(-4) M ADO perfusion, and 85 +/- 22% with a 60-s 10(-4) M ADO perfusion. One and 2-min perfusions with 10(-5) M ADO resulted in a 36 +/- 6% and 33 +/- 4% increase in diameter of the paired arteriole, respectively. The red blood cell velocity responses were variable, yet, on average, calculated blood flow increased in each group of experiments. Venular perfusions with saline resulted in a 2% change in arteriolar diameter. To rule out nondiffusional effects, venular perfusions were performed when the arteriole was not paired with the venule but crossed the venule. Venular perfusion with 10(-6) and 10(-7) M ADO resulted in a significant increase in diameter of the crossing arteriole of 19 +/- 3% and 6 +/- 2%, respectively. Therefore, the diffusion of a vasoactive metabolite from a venule to an arteriole may provide a mechanism by which the tissue can send a signal to cause a dilation of the more proximal arterioles.
Cell Suicide and Cell Death

Cell death remains an obscure biological phenomenon from the point of view of mechanism. The role of cell death in normal development and metamorphosis, in a wide variety of diseases including many of toxicological origin and in the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of diseases of abnormal growth, is sufficiently clear cut to establish it as an important problem that warrants a solution. Also, even a partial answer to the question ‘what do you have to do metabolically to a cell to kill it’ would give important new insight into some of the essential features of cell organization and integration basic to its vitality. Despite these considerations, the biochemical pathogenesis of cell death continues to receive little attention.
Biomarkers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: current perspectives

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 7.7%. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage not amenable to potentially curative resection. A substantial portion of this review is dedicated to reviewing the current literature on carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9), which is currently the only guideline-recommended biomarker for PDAC. It provides valuable prognostic information, can predict resectability, and is useful in decision making about neoadjuvant therapy. We also discuss carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 125, serum biomarker panels, circulating tumor cells, and cell-free nucleic acids. Although many biomarkers have now been studied in relation to PDAC, significant work still needs to be done to validate their usefulness in the early detection of PDAC and management of patients with PDAC.
In patients with chest pain, HEART score–guided and usual care did not differ for MACE or health care use

Source Citation Poldervaart JM, Reitsma JB, Backus BE, et al. Effect of using the HEART score in patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a stepped-wedge, cluster randomized trial. Ann...
Entity-relationship modeling and normalization errors

Automated data modeling is a key component of modern Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools. Systems analysts use CASE tools to model business processes and data in using a rapid application development methodology for software development. A key component of the development process is the conversion of entity-relationship diagrams to normalized relational tables. Designers rely on CASE tools to generate normalized table structures; however, a generated relational schema is only as good as the data model diagram upon which it is based. This article outlines situations where errors in entity-relationship models can result in non-normalized table structures.
Dosimetry and radiobiology of alpha-particle emitting radionuclides

Background Radiopharmaceutical therapy is a cancer treatment modality by which radiation is delivered directly to targeted tumor cells or to their microenvironment. This makes it possible to deliver highly potent alpha-particle radiation. The short-range and highly potent nature of alpha-particles require a dosimetry methodology that considers microscale distributions of the alpha-emitting agent. The high energy deposition density along an alpha-particle track causes a spectrum of DNA lesions. The majority of these are irreparable DNA double-stranded breaks. Accordingly the biologic effects of alpha- particles are largely impervious to the adaptive and resistance mechanism that renders other therapeutics ineffectual. Objectives In this review, the radiobiology and dosimetry of alpha-particle emitting radionuclides as related to their use in radiopharmaceutical therapy, are presented. Conclusion Alpha-particle emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy is distinguished from other treatment modalities. Its safe clinical use requires an understanding of its unique dosimetry and radiobiology.
Boosting inspired process for improving AUC

Boosting is a general method of combining a set of classifiers in making final prediction. It is shown to be an effective approach to improve the predictive accuracy of a learning algorithm, but its impact on the ranking performance is unknown. This paper introduces the boosting algorithm AUCBoost, which is a generic algorithm to improve the ranking performance of learning algorithms. Unlike AdaBoost, AUCBoost uses the AUC, not the accuracy, of a classifier to calculate the weight of each training example for building next classifier. To simplify the computation of AUC of weighted instances in AUCBoost, we extend the standard formula for calculating AUC to be a weighted AUC formula (WAUC in short). This extension frees boosting from the resampling process and saves much computation time in the training process. Our experiment results show that the new boosting algorithm AUCBoost does improve ranking performance of AdaBoost when the base learning algorithm is the improved ranking favored decision tree C4.4 or naive Bayes.
A Flexible Approach to Embedded Network Multicast Authentication

Distributed embedded systems are becoming increasingly vulnerable to attack as they are connected to external networks. Unfortunately, they often have no built-in authentication capability. Multicast authentication mechanisms required to secure embedded networks must function within the unique constraints of these systems, making it difficult to apply previously proposed schemes. We propose an authentication approach using message authentication codes which exploits the time-triggered nature of many embedded systems by putting only a few authentication code bits in each message, and by requiring authentication to be confirmed by the correct reception of multiple messages. This approach can work for both state transition commands and reactive control messages, and enables a tradeoff among per-message authentication cost, application-level latency, and the probability of induced system failure. Authentication parameters can be tuned on a per-message basis while satisfying typical wired embedded network constraints.
Emergence as non-aggregativity and the biases of reductionisms

Most philosophical accounts of emergence are incompatible with reduction. Most scientists regard a system property as emergent relative to properties of its parts if it depends upon their mode of organization-a view consistent with reduction. Emergence is a failure of aggregativity, in which ``the whole is nothing more than the sum of its parts''. Aggregativity requires four conditions, giving powerful tools for analyzing modes of organization. Differently met for different decompositions of the system, and in different degrees, the structural conditions can provide evaluation criteria for choosing decompositions, ``natural kinds'', and detecting functional localization fallacies, approximations, and various biases of vulgar reductionisms. This analysis of emergence and use of these conditions as heuristics is consistent with a broader reductionistic methodology.
Spider prey-wrapping silk is an α-helical coiled-coil/β-sheet hybrid nanofiber

Solid-State NMR results on 13C-Ala/Ser and 13C-Val enriched Argiope argentata prey-wrapping silk show that native, freshly spun aciniform silk nanofibers are dominated by α-helical (∼50% total) and random-coil (∼35% total) secondary structures, with minor β-sheet nanocrystalline domains (∼15% total). This is the most in-depth study to date characterizing the protein structural conformation of the toughest natural biopolymer: aciniform prey-wrapping silks.
Wideband circular polarized Fabry-Perot cavity antennas for V-band indoor point-to-point communications

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a 60 GHz planar Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna with a circularly polarized (CP) radiation characteristic is proposed as a good candidate for millimeter-wave wireless systems. A sparse array design is employed to enhance the gain bandwidth (GBW) product of the antenna. Complete formulations for circular polarized radiation are developed to serve as a general guideline scalable to any frequencies. The theoretical results using ideal point sources are validated by numerical analysis using the finite elements method (FEM). In the full-wave simulations, the ideal sources are replaced by four annular-ring slot antennas to excite the FPC.
Wake measurements from a hydrokinetic river turbine

Abstract During the boreal summer of 2015, a full-scale hydrokinetic turbine was deployed in the Kvichak River (Alaska), delivering electricity to the village of Igiugig. Here, quantification and analysis of the hydrodynamic modifications in the river caused by the turbine are presented. Field observations are used to produce a unique three-dimensional data set of fluid velocities in the vicinity of the turbine before and after turbine deployment. Three dynamic regions are distinguished in the wake. There is an induction zone just upstream of the turbine, where velocities decrease and turbulence increases. There is a near wake just downstream of the turbine, where the reduced velocities recover slightly and the elevated turbulence decays rapidly. Finally, there is a far wake well beyond the turbine, where reduced velocities are persistent and turbulence remains elevated. The results are used in a coarse energy budget for the river, including quantifying the total energy dissipated by turbulence in the near wake. This wake dissipation is found to be almost as large as the energy extracted for electricity generation, even when the turbine is not operational.
Direct Measurement of the Electron Beam Spatial Intensity Profile via Carbon Nanotube Tomography

Electron microscopes are ubiquitous across the scientific landscape and have been improved to achieve ever smaller beam spots, a key parameter that determines the instrument's resolution. However, the traditional techniques to characterize the electron beam have limited effectiveness for today's instruments. Consequently, there is an ongoing need to develop detection technologies that can potentially measure the smallest electron beam, which is valuable for the continual advancement of microscope performance. We report on a new electron beam detector based on a single-wall carbon nanotube. The nanotubes are atomically smooth, have a well-defined diameter that is similar in size to the finest electron probes, and can be used to directly measure the beam profile. Additionally, by rotating the nanotube in a plane perpendicular to the beam path and scanning the beam at different angles, we can apply tomographic reconstruction techniques to determine the spatial intensity profile of an electron beam accurately.
A Qualitative Exploration of Division I Tennis Players Completing the Mindfulness Meditation Training for Sport 2.0 Program

The present study examined collegiate tennis players’ experience (n=9) of the 6-hour sport-tailored mindfulness and self-compassion based intervention, mindfulness meditation training for sport 2.0...
Prediction of Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors for Chemotherapy Using Deep Learning

The current state of cancer therapeutics has been moving away from one-size-fits-all cytotoxic chemotherapy, and towards a more individualized and specific approach involving the targeting of each tumor's genetic vulnerabilities. Different tumors, even of the same type, may be more reliant on certain cellular pathways more than others. With modern advancements in our understanding of cancer genome sequencing, these pathways can be discovered. Investigating each of the millions of possible small molecule inhibitors for each kinase in vitro, however, would be extremely expensive and time consuming. This project focuses on predicting the inhibition activity of small molecules targeting 8 different kinases using multiple deep learning models. We trained fingerprint-based MLPs and simplified molecular-input line-entry specification (SMILES)-based recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and molecular graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to accurately predict inhibitory activity targeting these 8 kinases.