cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Field Test Method for Stator Core Loss of 600 MW Generator

Stator core of generator is the key part of the generator. Along with large capacity unit increases in quantity, stator core fault phenomena are more and more, it needs to carry out the field test to find the location of fault. The equipment selection, test wiring and test method during the field test for stator core loss of 600 MW generator are expounded in detail, this can provide much useful experience to the field test for stator core loss.
Bandgap engineering of GaInNP on GaAs(001) for electronic applications

Nitrogen incorporation dramatically reduces the Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/P band gap. Using the red shift of the photoluminescence spectrum of Ga/sub 0.46/In/sub 0.54/N/sub 0.005/P/sub 0.995//GaAs quantum wells, which indicates less quantum confinement, we estimate the valence band offset to be about 97% of the total band gap difference. N incorporation significantly reduces the free-electron concentration and mobility, and the free-electron concentration of Ga/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/N/sub 0.005/P/sub 0.995/ decreases dramatically with high-temperature annealing (800 /spl deg/C), from 4.4/spl times/10/sup 18/ to 8.0/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/. This is believed to be due to passivation of Si by N through the formation of Si-N pairs. Therefore, GaInNP is more suitable to be a thin layer as the hole-blocking layer for tunnel-collector HBTs. The large valence-band discontinuity and large hole effective mass would block holes, while there would be no electron barrier at the base-collector junction.
Multidisciplinary perspectives towards the education of young low-income immigrant children

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the issues surrounding low-income immigrants in the U.S. and the ways they shape the educational experiences of their young children. Using a multidisciplinary lens including sociology, family studies, education, and mental health, the authors analyse multiple perspectives towards the educational experiences of children in low-income immigrant families. After providing a sample case study focusing on the educational experiences of Burmese refugee parents with early elementary education (Grades K through 3) in the Midwestern United States, the authors frame desirable responses from policy and practice that would best support the educational experiences of young children in low-income immigrant families including (a) understanding cultural strengths, (b) creating a positive and inclusive classroom environment, (c) supporting bilingual and bicultural competencies, (d) providing immigrant families with leadership opportunities, (e) teacher professional development on mental health ...
Radical Cystectomy in the Elderly Patient

AbstractA total of 77 patients 65 or more years old underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for invasive bladder cancer during a 10-year interval. The preoperative medical condition of the patients, operative mortality and morbidity, and preliminary survival data are reviewed by age group. Two-thirds of the patients had previous medical or surgical problems that increased the surgical risk. The over-all mortality rate was 3.9 per cent. Early complications occurred in 31 per cent of the patients, with an increased risk of complication associated with previous illness and major pelvic surgery, and preoperative radiation therapy. The complication rate was not related directly to age, with patients 65 to 69 and more than 75 years old having lower rates than those 70 to 74 years old. The 3-year survival rate free of disease ranged from 58 per cent in the youngest group to 39 per cent in the oldest group, which is comparable to survival statistics for younger patients undergoing cystectomy. Only 5 p...
Fournier gangrene in spinal cord injury: a case report.

AbstractBackground: Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and genital region resulting from polymicrobial infection in which infection spreads along fascial planes, causing s...
Effect of Direction of Head Movement on ICP in Experimental Head Injury

We have previously reported that experimental cerebral concussion in primates subjected to sagittal plane angular acceleration of the head was associated with a rapid, marked increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and a parallel rise in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (Gennarelli et al. 1980). The present study of coronal plane angular acceleration shows that, for an equivalent severity of injury, these changes to do not occur. The findings indicate that cerebral concussion may be produced without a dramatic rise in ICP and that the direction of head movement during acceleration injury is an important determinant of this physiological response.
Lumbar Spine Injury Biomechanics

The primary biomechanical function of the lumbar spine is to bear the weight of the torso, head-neck, and upper extremities and support physiologic movement. The lumbar spinal column resides vertically between the thoracic spine and sacrum, and consists of five bony vertebrae interconnected by soft tissues including the intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles to maintain the integrity of the column under physiologic and traumatic environments. Injuries secondary to excessive deformations or loading resulting from external dynamic forces such as falls, or in military environments, aviator ejections, helicopter crashes or underbody blasts, can result in fracture of the lumbar spine with or without mechanical and clinical instability, and loss of normal function. These types of injuries can have significant consequences for the patient. Mechanically-induced traumas are transmitted to the lumbar spine in a variety of different ways. For example, axial or eccentric compressive forces transmitted to the lumbar spine through a vehicle seat sustaining high-rate vertical acceleration may result in different fracture types (e.g., burst fracture versus anteriorly-oriented wedge fracture), lead to mechanical instability, and impair normal daily activities. These acute consequences are in addition to the chronic effects of lumbar spine trauma including chronic back and lower extremity pain due to spinal degeneration, spinal cord or nerve root injury, or loss of lower limb sensation and function. This chapter outlines lumbar spine injury classification including mechanisms and clinical implication, describes experimental techniques used to understand injury mechanics, and provides a listing of biomechanical fracture tolerance and injury criteria from experimental studies incorporating human cadavers. Due to the breadth of literature on lumbar spine injury mechanics, this chapter is not intended to be comprehensive. Rather, the reader will be provided with a overview of concepts relevant to the contemporary understanding of lumbar spine injury mechanics and tolerance.
Empire: National Projects of ‘Space’ and ‘Race’

Lacking the insatiable appetite for overseas expansion, Early America and Nazi Germany both preferred, instead, to establish a contiguous, land-based continental empire, aimed at finding new land for agrarian settlement, providing food for a growing population, and securing the future of the nation-state. As envisioned by their creators, both projects of empire, moreover, entailed internal national consolidation, as well as the external conquest of indigenous peoples. Both the Early American and Nazi-German expansionist ideologies and projects were informed by the notion of the need for additional ‘living space’ in concrete, specific geographical areas of expansion and by agreed, general ideological beliefs shared by expansionist political leaders and propagandists.
Recrystallization of cold rolled nickel

A lot of research work has been done on recovery and recrystallization of cold worked metals. A detailed survey article was given by P. A. Beck (1). The essential experimental methods applied until now are: optical metallography, X-ray diffraction, strain- and impression-hardness measurements, microcalorimetry, and electrical resistance measurements. This paper deals with the recrystallization of nickel of a given quality (detailed below). The method applied is transmission electron-microscopy.
Are Individuals Sensitive to Changes in Performance when Interrupted

Although there is an abundance of research showing how interruptions disrupt performance, there is little evidence regarding whether individuals believe they are personally affected by interruptions. The goal for this research was to determine whether individuals are sensitive to changes in performance when interrupted. Thirty-two participants wrote essays while interrupted or not interrupted and rated the quality of their essay on a 7-point Likert scale. Afterwards, the participants answered a separate 7-point Likert scale question that directly asked whether they believed that the interruptions negatively affected their performance. Participants' subjective ratings of their essay quality were not affected by the presence or absence of an interruption even though actual essay quality suffered from the interruptions. Additionally, a majority of the participants claimed that the interruptions had no or little impact on performance. Our data suggest individuals may not be sensitive to differences in their a...
Upscaling of Helmholtz Equation Originating in Transmission through Metallic Gratings in Metamaterials.

We investigate the transmission properties of a metallic layer with narrow slits. We consider (time-harmonic) Maxwell’s equations in the -parallel case with a fixed incident wavelength. We denote as the typical size of the complex structure and obtain the effective equations by letting . For metallic permittivities with negative real part, plasmonic waves can be excited on the surfaces of the slits. For the waves to be in resonance with the height of the metallic layer, the corresponding results can be perfect transmission through the layer.
The fluorescence of a chelating two-photon-absorbing dye is enhanced with the addition of transition metal ions but quenched in the presence of acid

A pseudo-symmetric two-photon absorbing dye (1) containing a central piperazine unit substituted with (benzothiazol-2- yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl pendant groups has been synthesized and characterized. The molecule has a two-photonabsorption cross-section of σ2 = 140 GM in tetrahydrofuran at ~ 740 nm and shows significant solvatochromism in the excited-state fluorescence spectra. The emission spectra broaden and the maxima bathochromically shift from 411 nm to 524 nm in n-hexane and acetonitrile, respectively. Moreover, the central piperazine moiety serves as a potential chelation site for ions. Addition of copper(I) hexafluorophosphate and zinc(II) triflate in acetonitrile indicate ground-state complexation with a shift in the emission maximum from 524 nm to 489 nm and 487 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the newly formed Cu and Zn complexes are more strongly emissive than the free dye. Finally, addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid in tetrahydrofuran also blue-shifts the emission maximum, but the intensity is quenched. Due to the photophysical changes induced by addition of metal ions and protons, the dye shows promise as a potential sensor.
Pediatric Malignancies: Retinoblastoma and Wilms’ Tumor

Retinoblastoma and Wilms’ tumor represent two childhood tumors with both sporadic and familial forms. Delineation of the molecular etiology of these cancers identified the retinoblastoma gene Rb as the first example of a tumor suppressor gene and provided the first example of imprinting and cancer predisposition in Wilms’ tumor. In this chapter, we review the clinical features and genetics of these two disorders and the implications for management, early detection and potential prevention of these disorders.
It's Like Doing a Job Analysis: You Know More About Qualitative Methods Than You May Think

Through learning about and doing job analysis, industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists likely already possess skills and knowledge relevant to doing and understanding qualitative research. We'll illustrate this by showing similarities between common job analysis practices and one particular qualitative research approach likely to be relevant to organizational research: grounded theory. Grounded theory was “discovered” in 1967 by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Though Glaser and Strauss later split in their methodologies (an occurrence not unlike the varied approaches to job analysis), the core idea of grounded theory is to develop a new theory of some process or phenomenon from the “ground” up. In the grounded theory approach, researchers typically collect mostly qualitative data—often including interviews (Creswell, 2007)—and simultaneously develop increasingly abstract codes, concepts, and categories from the data. In the final step of analysis, researchers develop a theory that subsumes all categories from the data. If researchers follow the Straussian tradition, categories can be fit into a theoretical framework that details a central phenomenon underlying the process of interest and the conditions that precede it, result from it, and shape the resulting categories (Creswell, 2007). We illustrate this framework in Figure 1. Grounded theory is particularly useful for developing an accurate understanding of many organizational processes and phenomena that I-O psychologists study.
Regionwide Outreach in a Project-level World – Lessons from the PCOR Partnership☆

Abstract Public acceptance is critical to the successful implementation of geologic CO2 storage projects. As such, the U.S. Department of Energy mandated that project-based outreach be included in its regional partnerships as part of its Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Initiative. In 2003, the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership initiated a multifaceted, multilevel outreach program in tandem with its characterization and demonstration activities in the north central portion of North America. This paper discusses the role of outreach in the PCOR Partnership, methods employed, and select lessons learned over 13 years of doing public outreach.
Stepchildren Claiming Stepparents

The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of stepchild claiming stepparents as parental figures or as kin. By examining the process of stepchildren claiming stepparents’ as kin, we sough...
GATA6 phosphorylation by Erk1/2 propels exit from pluripotency and commitment to primitive endoderm

The transcription factor GATA6 and the Fgf/Ras/MAPK signaling pathway are essential for the development of the primitive endoderm (PrE), one of the two lineages derived from the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) of mammalian blastocysts. A mutant mouse line in which Gata6-coding exons are replaced with H2BGFP (histone H2B Green Fluorescence Protein fusion protein) was developed to monitor Gata6 promoter activity. In the Gata6-H2BGFP heterozygous blastocysts, the ICM cells that initially had uniform GFP fluorescence signal at E3.5 diverged into two populations by the 64-cell stage, either as the GFP-high PrE or the GFP-low epiblasts (Epi). However in the GATA6-null blastocysts, the originally moderate GFP expression subsided in all ICM cells, indicating that the GATA6 protein is required to maintain its own promoter activity during PrE linage commitment. In embryonic stem cells, expressed GATA6 was shown to bind and activate the Gata6 promoter in PrE differentiation. Mutations of a conserved serine residue (S264) for Erk1/2 phosphorylation in GATA6 protein drastically impacted its ability to activate its own promoter. We conclude that phosphorylation of GATA6 by Erk1/2 compels exit from pluripotent state, and the phosphorylation propels a GATA6 positive feedback regulatory circuit to compel PrE differentiation. Our findings resolve the longstanding question on the dual requirements of GATA6 and Ras/MAPK pathway for PrE commitment of the pluripotent ICM.
Preclinical efficacy evaluations of XK-469: dose schedule, route and cross-resistance behavior in tumor bearing mice.

XK-469 is advancing to Phase I clinical trials. Preclinical studies were carried out to assist in clinical applications. DOSE-SCHEDULE ROUTE TESTING: Single dose i.v. treatment with XK-469 produced lethality (LD20 to LD100) above 142 mg/kg. Optimum treatment required total dosages of 350 to 600 mg/kg. Furthermore, high individual i.v. dosages (100 to 142 mg/kg) were poorly tolerated, producing substantial weight loss (8 to 18% of body weight), poor appearance, and slow recovery (8 to 12 days). A 1-hour infusion of dosages more than 140 mg/kg, or BID injections 6 hrs apart, did not reduce lethality. However, lower individual dosages of 40 to 50 mg/kg/injection i.v. were well tolerated and could be given daily to reach an optimum total dose with minimal toxicities. Likewise, 75 mg/kg/injection i.v. could be used every other day to reach optimal treatment. The necropsy profiles of deaths from toxic dosages were essentially identical regardless of schedule (deaths 4 to 7 days post treatment). The profiles were: paralytic ileus or gastroparesis; GI epithelial damage; and marrow toxicity. Interestingly, the key lethal events were rapidly reversible and simple to overcome with lower dosages given daily or every other day. Based on these results, the high dose, Q21 day schedule should be avoided in clinical applications. Instead, a split dose regimen is recommended (e.g., daily, every other day, or twice weekly). XK-469 was also well tolerated by the oral route, requiring 35% higher dosages p.o. to reach the same efficacy and toxicity as produced i.v.. CROSS-RESISTANCE STUDIES: XK-469 resistance was produced by optimum treatments of i.v. implanted L1210 leukemia over seven passage generations. This leukemia subline (L1210/XK469) had reduced sensitivity to VP-16 (with a 4.0 log kill in i.v. implanted L1210/XK469 compared to an 8.0 log kill against i.v. implanted L1210/0). It also had a reduction in the sensitivity to 5-FU (with a 2.0 log kill in the implanted L1210/XK469 compared to a 4.0 log kill against i.v. implanted L1210/0). Other agents were approximately as active against the resistant tumor, including: Ara-C, Gemzar, Cytoxan, BCNU, DTIC, and CisDDPT. No case of collateral sensitivity was observed; i.e., no agent was markedly more active against the resistant subline L1210/XK-469 than against the parent tumor in mice.
Advancements in low-cost, long endurance, altitude controlled latex balloons (ValBal)

High-altitude balloons give easy access to near-space experiments; however, stringent mass-budgets and low ambient temperatures make it challenging to develop capable small-scale research platforms, restricting most small-scale flights to uncontrolled latex balloons with ∼3 hour endurance. Last year we demonstrated a novel altitude control system for latex balloons (termed ValBal) that enables multi-day flight carrying a several kilogram payload. We have achieved a cost-per-kilogram-hour that is competitive with much larger zero-pressure or superpressure balloons, while offering dynamic altitude control capabilities far exceeding those systems. Our nascent platform has garnered interest from research groups including geological and atmospheric research laboratories. ValBal has been sought as a new platform for glaciological observations, through the development of a 435 MHz radar sounder payload to measure ice sheet thickness in Greenland. Coupled with the broad altitude control capability of our platform, these applications have motivated a separate research project to control flightpath by algorithmically switching between different wind layers. In this paper, we present the latest developments towards a reliable and low-cost platform for near-space research. Over the past year we have made advances that eliminated the need for high-grade thermal insulation by selecting a battery chemistry that can function at −65 °C and reduced the number of custom mechanical components by a factor of ten through the use of additive manufacturing, along with a two-fold reduction in overall system cost. We have demonstrated robust performance, with our last five successful flights achieving a mean endurance of 83 hours and a world record maximum for latex balloons of 121.5 hours. In addition, we are developing a 10 kbit, 400 km range, GFSK radio system for experimental data downlink to a dedicated network of ground stations across the US. As our design approaches a kit that can be assembled in just a few hours, we look forward to many more research collaborations leveraging the new capabilities offered by the ValBal platform.
In Search of Correlation in Multiplicative Congruential Generators with Modulus 2 31 -1

This paper describes an empirical search for correlation in sample sequences produced by 16 multiplicative congruential random number generators with modulus 231 - 1. Each generator has a distinct multiplier. One multiplier is in common use in the LLRANDOM and IMSL random generation packages as well as in APL and SIMPL/1. A second is used in SIMSCRIPT II. Six multipliers were taken from a recent study that showed them to have the best spectral and lattice test properties among 50 multipliers considered. The last eight multipliers had the poorest spectral and lattice test properties for 2-tupes among the 50. A well known poor generator, RANDU, with modulus 231, was also tested to provide a benchmark for evaluating the empirical testing procedure.
Approximate frames and the narrowband multitarget radar problem

Certain applications in narrowband radar require either that the windowed Fourier transform or the Weyl-Heisenberg wavelet expansion of a signal be computed. Under narrowband assumptions, and in general for real applications, it is necessary for the window signal to have finite first and second time and frequency moments, but Balian’s theorem shows that, in this case, the windowed basis is never a frame. This paper describes an approximation method which will allow stable calculation in this situation, even though the signals that must be used never give rise to frames. Using density properties of certain sets in an appropriate function space, it is seen that the set of frames and the set of certain “nice” signals can each approximate elements of each other, to within an arbitrary degree of accuracy. This yields a method for studying radar problems with a given signal, as well as a method for constructing signals which ought to be good for radar applications.
The Ironic Sign

Talking about literary irony in conventional ways, we often get into difficulty when we make the obvious distinction between rhetorical irony and situational irony. The trouble comes when we try to explain what the two have in common. We all know that they’re somehow alike, but expressing the similarity gives us headaches. In my mind, much of that difficulty dissolves if we look at irony from a semiotic point of view, that is, as a system of signs. After an attempt at showing how ironic signs--both rhetorical and situational--work, I want to raise a different kind of question: What is irony itself a sign of? That is, what metaliterary sign does the ironist send out about himself through his use of irony?
Study of Mean-Entropy Models for Key Point Air Defense Disposition

Air defense disposition problem is full of uncertainties and risks in modern war. In this paper, entropy is used as a measure of risk. The smaller entropy value is, the less uncertainty the problem contains, and thus, the safer disposition is. Within the framework of uncertainty theory, two types of fuzzy mean-entropy models are proposed. And a hybrid intelligent algorithm is presented for solving the proposed models in general cases. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a Numerical example of the bi-layer air-defense disposition for air defense operation in uncertain environment is presented.
Inland wetlands mapping and vulnerability assessment using an integrated geographic information system and remote sensing techniques

The understanding of inland wetlands’ distribution and their level of vulnerability is important to enhance management and conservation efforts. The aim of the study was to map inland wetlands and assess their distribution pattern and vulnerability to natural and human disturbances such as climate change (temperature increase) and human activities by the year 2080. Inland wetland types i.e. forested/shrub, emergent and open water bodies were classified and mapped using maximum likelihood standard algorithm. The spatial distribution pattern of inland wetlands was examined using average nearest neighbor analysis. A weighted geospatial vulnerability analysis was developed using variables such as roads, land cover/ land use (developed and agricultural areas) and climate data (temperature) to predict potentially vulnerable inland wetland types. Inland wetlands were successfully classified and mapped with overall accuracy of about 73 percent. Clustered spatial distribution pattern was found among all inland wetland types with varied degree of clustering. The study found about 13 percent of open water bodies, 11 percent of forested/shrub and 7 percent of emergent wetlands potentially most vulnerable to human and natural stressors. This information could be used to improve wetland planning and management by wetland managers and other stakeholders.
Asian slurs and stereotypes in the USA: A context-sensitive account of derogation and appropriation

Abstract Slurs such as chink and gook are linguistic expressions that are primarily used to derogate certain group members for their descriptive attributes (such as their ethnicity) and are often considered the most offensive of expressions. Recent work on the semantics and pragmatics of slurs has illuminated several important facts regarding their meaning and use – including that slurs are commonly understood to felicitously apply towards some targets yet not others, that slurs are among the most potentially offensive expressions afforded by natural language, and that slurs are often flexibly employed and of potential use, not only derogatorily to convey offense towards out-group members, but also non-derogatorily to convey affiliation with in-group members or to diminish the derogatory force that the slur is typically understood to carry. Nonetheless, prior scholarship has unfortunately restricted itself primarily to considerations of slurs that typically target members of other groups. Since no account of slurs for Asian-Americans has so far been proposed, the aim of this article is therefore to provide the first systematic and empirically informed analysis of slurs for Asian-Americans that accounts for both their derogatory and appropriative (non-derogatory) use.
Unlearning implicit social biases during sleep: A failure to replicate

A 2015 article in Science (Hu et al.) proposed a new way to reduce implicit racial and gender biases during sleep. The method built on an existing counter-stereotype training procedure, using targeted memory reactivation to strengthen counter-stereotype memory by playing cues associated with the training during a 90min nap. If effective, this procedure would have potential real-world usefulness in reducing implicit biases and their myriad effects. We replicated this procedure on a sample of n = 31 college students. Contrary to the results reported by Hu et al., we found no effect of cueing on implicit bias, either immediately following the nap or one week later. In fact, bias was non-significantly greater for cued than for uncued stimuli. Our failure to detect an effect of cueing on implicit bias could indicate either that the original report was a false positive, or that the current study is a false negative. However, several factors argue against Type II error in the current study. Critically, this replication was powered at 0.9 for detecting the originally reported cueing effect. Additionally, the 95% confidence interval for the cueing effect in the present study did not overlap with that of the originally reported effect; therefore, our observations are not easily explained as a noisy estimate of the same underlying effect. Ultimately, the outcome of this replication study reduces our confidence that cueing during sleep can reduce implicit bias.
Highly Sensitive and Reliable Electrospun Polyaniline Nanofiber Based Biosensor as a Robust Platform for COX-2 Enzyme Detections

Highly sensitive, reliable and practical detection of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as an important enzyme in pain biomarkers, inflammation, and cancer cell proliferation is of great importance. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing nanobiosensor (or biosensor) platforms for sensitive COX-2 biomarker detection from phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and human serum samples. Highly porous polyaniline nanofibers were fabricated in four different average diameters using electrospinning process. They were then integrated as the main sensing component into interdigitated gold microelectrodes to develop label-free electrochemical nanobiosensors. The performance of the nanobiosensors was evaluated in comparison with a plain control biosensor using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Significant improvement was observed in the sensitivity of the nanofiber-based biosensors revealing the remarkable capability of electrospun polyaniline nanofiber in robust and rapid detection of the COX-2 biomarker. The fabricated nanofiber-based biosensors were able to detect the target antigen with concentrations as low as 0.01 pg/ml in PBS and human serum samples, respectively. High sensitivity, as well as remarkable selectivity towards COX-2 analyte, suggested the excellent potential of this nanofiber-based platform for reliable COX-2 analyte detection.
Policymaking with Multiple Agencies

Authority over related policy issues is often dispersed among multiple government agencies. In this article, I study when Congress should delegate to multiple agencies, and how shared regulatory space complicates agency decision making. To do so, I develop a formal model of decentralized policymaking with two agencies that incorporates information acquisition and information sharing, delineating situations where legislators should and should not prefer multiple agencies. Greater divergence between the agencies' ideal points distorts information sharing and policy choices, but it may increase the amount of information acquisition. Congress achieves better policy outcomes by delegating authority to both agencies if the agencies have strong policy disagreements. If the agencies have similar policy preferences, however, then Congress may want to consolidate authority within one agency because this approach mitigates free‐riding and takes advantage of returns to scale.
RELIGION IN THE IMAGINED NEW TESTAMENT WORLD: MORE SOCIAL SCIENCE LENSES

The task of New Testament interpretation entails reading sources with the use of comparative scenarios culled from the first century Mediterranean world and the interpreter’s contemporary world (Malina 1991). A basic set of scenarios for New Testament interpretation requires some sort of explicit consideration of the comparative ways in which people understood themselves and their living together with others. Living with others inevitably entailed a perception of how a person’s life was controlled by others and how to approach those others who controlled one’s life. Obviously this perception of being controlled and of connection to the one(s) who controlled is fundamental to the social institution of politics (or government) as well as religion. For religion is always rooted in analogies drawn from the social experience of being controlled and of connection to those who control, whether in a kinship or a political framework. The purpose of this essay is to obviate anachronistic assessments of religion in New Testament times by situating the institution of religion within the framework provided by the stages of social bonding.
Teaching Vocational and Social Skills to Adolescents with Autism Using Video Modeling

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of video modeling to teach 2 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2 or 3 vocational and social skills in a simulated job setting. Applied behavior analysis technicians implemented a video modeling intervention 1–3 times per week for approximately 2 h each session. Videos for social skills were embedded into videos for vocational tasks. A multiple probe design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results indicate that video modeling was effective for teaching vocational skills, although a functional relationship was not demonstrated for 1 participant due to lack of sufficient opportunity for replication. Mixed results were observed for social skills.
Outcomes for Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Introduction There is limited data on the association of kidney dysfunction with prognosis in COVID-19, and the extent to which acute kidney injury (AKI) predisposes patients to severe illness and inferior outcomes is unclear. We aim to assess the incidence of AKI among patients with COVID-19 and examine their associations with patient outcomes as reported in the available literature thus far. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and MedRxiv databases for full-text articles available in English published from December 1, 2019 to May 24, 2020. Clinical information was extracted and examined from 20 cohorts that met inclusion criteria, covering 13137 mostly hospitalized patients confirmed to have COVID-19. Two authors independently extracted study characteristics, results, outcomes, study-level risk of bias, and strength of evidence across studies. Neither reviewer was blind to journal titles, study authors, or institutions. Results Median age was 56 years, with 55% male patients. Approximately 43% of patients had severe COVID-19 infection, and approximately 11% died. Prevalence of AKI was 17%; 77% of patients with AKI experienced severe COVID-19 infection, and 52% died. AKI was associated with increased odds of death among COVID-19 patients (pooled odds ratio 15.27, 95% CI 4.82-48.36), although there was considerable heterogeneity across studies and among different regions in the world. Approximately 5% of all patients required use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) Conclusions Kidney dysfunction is common among patients with COVID-19, and patients who develop AKI have inferior outcomes. Additional research into management and potential mechanisms of this association is needed.
Performance of advanced control sequences in handling uncertainty in energy use and indoor environmental quality using uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for control components

Abstract Control sequences for air distribution and terminal systems in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) aim to achieve a balance in the system outputs, i.e., maintain thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) with minimal energy use. ASHRAE Guideline 36 (G36) – High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems, is the result of ASHRAE research project 1455-RP intended to develop standardized sequences of operation to achieve more effective use of existing controls. This paper complements G36 by evaluating the influence of the uncertainty inherent in the control components (e.g. sensors and actuators) on the system outputs of a multiple zone variable air volume (VAV) system. The system outputs under study were zone air temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and site electricity use. To evaluate the effects of uncertainty in HVAC systems with advanced sequences of operation, this work applies a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to a detailed Modelica building energy model that has been programmed with G36 control sequences. Uncertainty models were integrated with the deterministic models of the building and the control sequence at small time scales to represent frequencies in which a real-world building automation system (BAS) samples its signals. The impact of uncertainty was quantified using annual simulations. Specification of the accuracy levels in the components of the control system were evaluated by the means of: 1) uncertainty analysis for low, medium, and high severities of accuracy in the components to identify relation between performance requirements and component accuracy, and 2) sensitivity analysis to identify the sensors and actuators where the impact of uncertainty on the system outputs is most influential.
Development of multiplex genome editing toolkits for citrus with high efficacy in biallelic and homozygous mutations

We have developed multiplex genome editing toolkits for citrus that significantly improve citrus genome editing efficacy. CRISPR/Cas systems have been engineered for genome editing in many organisms, including plants. However, the gene editing efficiency in citrus via CRISPR technology remains too low to be implemented for genetic improvement in practice. Moreover, it is very difficult to obtain homozygous or biallelic knockout mutants in citrus. Here, we have developed multiplex genome editing toolkits for citrus including PEG-mediated protoplast transformation, a GFP reporter system that allows the rapid assessment of CRISPR constructs, citrus U6 promoters with improved efficacy, and tRNA-mediated or Csy4-mediated multiplex genome editing. Using the toolkits, we successfully conducted genome modification of embryogenic protoplast cells and epicotyl tissues. We have achieved a biallelic mutation rate of 44.4% and a homozygous mutation rate of 11.1%, representing a significant improvement in citrus genome editing efficacy. In addition, our study lays the foundation for nontransgenic genome editing of citrus.
Lacrimal drainage apparatus melanoma remotely following treatment and resolution of conjunctival melanoma.

Lacrimal drainage apparatus melanoma is a rare entity that may arise primarily or, more commonly, as secondary involvement from melanoma originating elsewhere. Conjunctival melanoma may involve the...
Tenure Buyouts: Employment Death Taxes and the Curious Obesity of 'Wages'

Prior to January of 1994, institutions of higher education could appeal to an exemption in the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 to force the retirement of tenured faculty members who had attained the age of seventy. With the expiration of that exemption, tenured faculty members may now retire well after that age, and for various personal and professional reasons, the postponement phenomenon is widespread. Despite the considerable appeal of a tenure buyout system, there is a real question as to whether buyout payments are subject to payroll taxes as “wages” with respect to “employment;” U.S. Courts of Appeals have split on the issue. This Article highlights the fact that expanding or narrowing the ambit of payroll tax “wages” has far-reaching impact, given that payroll tax revenues fund not only Social Security and Medicare programs but also general government expenditures. In addition to arguing that burgeoning entitlement program needs and virtually chronic federal budget woes have exerted expansive pressure on the “wages” concept, the Article contends that the position adopted by the Third Circuit in University of Pittsburgh v. United States represents judicial overreach because the court imported a definitional standard from the world of the Social Security Act into the tax arena despite clear and wise exhortation, per United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co., not to indulge that tendency. Given the modest attention payroll tax policy gets on the political stage, the historical academic focus on progressive tax policy, and the ease of silent piggybacking on the employer-employee relationship, the payroll tax machinery is capable of truly admirable stealth, which can, in fact, pay off handsomely in the form of substantial revenue from low- and mid-wage earners.
New Practical Multivariate Signatures from a Nonlinear Modifier

Multivariate cryptography is dominated by schemes supporting various tweaks, or “modifiers,” designed to patch certain algebraic weaknesses they would otherwise exhibit. Typically these modifiers are linear in nature—either requiring an extra composition with an affine map, or being evaluated by a legitimate user via an affine projection. This description applies to the minus, plus, vinegar and internal perturbation modifiers, to name a few. Though it is well-known that combinations of various modifiers can offer security against certain classes of attacks, cryptanalysts have produced ever more sophisticated attacks against various combinations of these linear modifiers.
Integrating Spaced Repetition and Required Metacognitive Self-Assessment in a Contracts Course

This article provides an example for doctrinal law professors to integrate metacognitive exercises into their courses in order to increase student retention and understanding of the material as well as improve exam test-taking skills. Teaching metacognition is traditionally the domain of law school ASP departments. However, when ASP methods are supplemented with required exercises in a doctrinal course, student performance can improve measurably. I should note at the outset that the results I discuss in this article should be considered anecdotal and not the results of a planned empirical study with controls. When I started requiring these exercises, I never intended to write an article or publish the results. I was only trying to improve my students’ understanding of the doctrine and test-taking ability. However, I found the results intriguing enough to draft this article reporting the improvement. By introducing required practice exams and graded metacognitive self-assessment exercises into a two semester contracts course from 2018 to 2019, I initially observed 9-13% improvement in overall multiple-choice performance for a particular semester’s exam (fall or spring). Students not only improved their understanding of the law, they also developed better multiple choice test taking skills. When the practice exams and self-assessment exercises were made optional, student performance dropped back to historic means. In a 2021 study at another law school using a slightly different approach, I observed a dramatic improvement in the spring semester for poor performing students. Students who scored 50% or lower on the fall multiple choice test improved their scores 33% on average. Students who scored 35% or lower on the Fall test raised their scores in the spring by 88%. This article first briefly describes three cognitive science concepts – spaced repetition, the testing effect, and metacognition self-evaluation exercises. It then describes the mechanics of the metacognition exercise that I deployed and the results that I observed.
Implementation of Postpartum Depression Screening for Women Participating in the WIC Program.

Introduction:The national average for the occurrence of postpartum depression (PPD) is 11.5%. Women enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program are at an elevated risk for PPD sympto...
Estudio transversal de prevalencia y características del dolor crónico en pacientes con esquizofrenia

BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia generally refrain from manifesting somatic symptoms, and may not complain of pain. Therefore these patients may have an insensitivity to pain. AIM To determine the prevalence of chronic pain in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was answered by 79 outpatients with schizophrenia with a mean age of 47 years (67% men) attended at a public hospital in Chile. RESULTS Chronic pain, defined as lasting more than six months, was reported by 15.2 % of patients. Acute pain was reported by 63% of patients. No significant differences were observed in sociodemographic characteristics or duration of illness between patients with acute or chronic pain. The assessment of the different pain dimensions showed a predominance of sensory and affective components, with pain rating indexes of 0.82 and 0.71, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the prevalence of pain among people with schizophrenia, is similar to that of the general population.
Predictors of Change in Children's Physical Activity Over 20 Months Variations by Gender and Level of Adiposity

Abstract Background: Physical activity declines during childhood and determinants of this decline are poorly understood. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine modifiable psychological and social correlates of physical activity change over 20 months. Subjects: 370 girls and 362 boys in public schools, studied through the 4th and 5th grades. Measures: A physical activity index was computed from child reports, parent reports, and objective activity monitoring. Predictor variables were assessed by child and parent surveys. Results: In multiple regressions, after adjustment for demographic variables, psychological variables explained 4% of the variance in boys' physical activity change, parent variables explained 8%, and interactions with skinfolds explained 3%, for a total of 15% (unadjusted). Regarding change in girls' physical activity, psychological variables explained 3%, parent variables explained 1.5%, and interactions with skinfold explained 1.5%, for a total of 6% explained variance (unadjusted). There were differences in predictors among children with high and low levels of body fat. Conclusions: Children's preferences for physical activity and frequency of parents transporting children to activity locations explained significant proportions of variance for girls and boys. The results support a dynamic model of the determinants of children's physical activity, but most of the variance was left unexplained.
On the Outside Looking Out: an Interview with the Institute for Applied Autonomy (IAA)

This interview with members of the Institute for Applied Autonomy is a discussion of their critically intervening projects and products - projects and products that boldly dip into and out of the socio-technical landscapes that comprise contemporary surveillance systems. Their projects range from constructing robots for activists so as to avoid identification, to building websites for looking up "paths of least surveillance"; in Manhattan and London. Threaded throughout the interview is a discussion about the rise of urban surveillance and the rapid transformation of public spaces into privatized places, i.e. "mallification" syndrome.
Urinary Concentration and Dilution: Models

The sections in this article are: 1 Whole-Body Water and Solute Balance 1.1 Osmolal Clearance 1.2 Effect on Plasma Osmolality of Urine Flow of a Given Osmolality 1.3 Hypertonic Urine Implies a Hypotonic Tubular Reabsorbate and Vice Versa 1.4 Free Water Clearance 1.5 Antidiuretic Hormone Controls Water Excretion 2 Functional Implications of Renal Architecture 2.1 Production of Hyperosmotic Urine Is Related to the Loop of Henle 2.2 Significance of the S-Shaped Configuration of the Mammalian Nephron for the Concentration of Urine 2.3 New Functional Features Introduced by the S-Shaped Configuration 3 A Short History of Models of the Renal Counterflow System 3.1 Active Water Transport 3.2 Concentration by Differential Permeabilities and Counterflow 3.3 Concentration by Multiplication of a “Single Effect” along the Loop of Henle 3.4 Active Salt Transport out of the AHL Is the Probable Single Effect 3.5 Experimental Predictions of the Kuhn Models 3.6 Problems with the Kuhn Models 3.7 Vasa Recta Models 3.8 Nephrovascular Models 4 Equations for the Renal Medulla 4.1 Differential Equations 4.2 Integrated Mass Balance Equations 4.3 Generalized Multiplication Rule 4.4 Nephrovascular Coupling 4.5 Transmural Fluxes 5 Analytical Solution of the Differential Equations 5.1 Solutions for Single Flow Tubes 5.2 Analytical Solutions of Multitube Counterflow Problems 5.3 Solutions for Central Core Model 5.4 Externally Driven Central Core Multiplier 5.5 Multiplication in Inner and Outer Medullae 5.6 Non-Zero Diffusion Coefficient 5.7 Solution of Time-Dependent Equations 6 Numerical Solution of the Differential Equations 6.1 Method of Lines 6.2 Shooting Method 6.3 Quasilinearization 6.4 Finite Difference Methods 7 Results of Computer Simulation 7.1 Origin of Inner Medullary Concentration Gradient 7.2 Role of Collecting Duct 7.3 Role of Vasa Recta 7.4 Transition from Diuresis to Antidiuresis 8 Free-Energy Balance in Renal Counterflow Systems 9 Summary and Future Directions