cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of a Butanethiolate Molecule on a Au{111} Surface

The diffusion of a butanethiolate molecule on a Au{111} surface has been modeled by molecular dynamics simulations. We find that internal chain motion enhances diffusion over that of a heavy atom o...
Maternal-nestling contact geometry and heat transfer in an altricial bird

Abstract 1. 1. I determined the thermal importance of physical contact among nestlings, between nestlings and the brooding female, and between nestlings and the nest. 2. 2.Contact areas among nestlings are small and heat exchange among the nestlings is relatively unimportant during brooding, contrasting with the importance of huddling during periods of parental inattention. Heat input from the brooding female can be more important than nestling thermogenesis. 3. 3. Rapid acquisition of insulation occurs at about the same time as the acquisition of high metabolic capacity. 4. 4. No direct thermal benefits ensue from hatching asynchrony. 5. 5. Heat loss by brooded nestlings rarely results in significant hypothermia; thus periods of brooding are unlikely to be times of significant thermal stress on nestlings.
Measurement of human small airway smooth muscle function in vitro with the bronchiolar strip preparation.

Abstract The technique by which human bronchiolar strips are prepared is described in detail. The biological viability of the preparations after storage at 4°C overnight and the reproducibility of contractile responses to KCI and methacholine were examined in lung tissue from six patients. Measurements were performed on the first and second day after surgical resection. On both days, most bronchioles showed an increase in contractility. The responses on the first day were not different from those on the second day. No significant changes in time were found for pD 2 and slope of the methacholine dose-response curves. The variability of responses between patients was significantly larger than between strips within patients. The pD 2 was the best reproducible parameter.
Beta-COP is essential for transport of protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in vitro

Using a novel in vitro assay which allows us to distinguish vesicle budding from subsequent targeting and fusion steps, we provide the first biological evidence that beta-COP, a component of non-clathrin-coated vesicles believed to mediate intraGolgi transport, is essential for transport of protein from the ER to the cis-Golgi compartment. Incubation in the presence of beta-COP specific antibodies and F(ab) fragments prevents the exit of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) from the ER. These results demonstrate that beta-COP is required for the assembly of coat complexes mediating vesicle budding. Fractionation of rat liver cytosol revealed that a major biologically active form of beta-COP was found in a high molecular pool (> 1,000 kD) distinct from coatomer and which promoted efficient vesicle budding from the ER. Surprisingly, rab1B could be quantitatively coprecipitated with this beta-COP containing complex and was also essential for function. We suggest that beta-COP functions in an early step during vesicle formation and that rab1B may be recruited as a component of a precoat complex which participates in the export of protein from the ER via vesicular carriers.
Thinned-PZT on SOI process and design optimization for piezoelectric inertial energy harvesting

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a thinned-PZT/Si unimorph for vibration energy harvesting. It produces a record power output and has state-of-the-art efficiency. The harvester utilizes thinning of bulk-PZT pieces bonded to an SOI wafer, and takes advantage of the similar thermal expansion between PZT and Si to minimize beam bending due to residual stress. Monolithic integration of a tungsten proof mass lowers the resonance frequency and increases the power output. The harvester dimensions, including the PZT/Si thickness ratio and the proof-mass/total-beam length ratio, are optimized via parametric multi-physics FEA. Additionally, a fabrication process for hermetic packaging of the harvester is introduced. It uses vertical Si vias for electrical feed-throughs. An unpackaged harvester with a tungsten proof mass produces 2.74 µW at 0.1 g (167 Hz), and 205 µW at 1.5 g (154 Hz) at resonance (here, g = 9.8 m/s2). The active device volume is 27 mm3 (7 × 7 × 0.55 mm3). We report the highest power output, Normalized Power Density (N.P.D.), and Figure of Merit (N.P.D. × Bandwidth) amongst reported microfabricated vibration energy harvesters.
Impact of ion implantation damage and thermal budget on mobility enhancement in strained-Si N-channel MOSFETs

The impact of processing factors such as ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing on mobility enhancement in strained-Si n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (n-MOSFETs) has been investigated. Long-channel strained-Si and bulk n-MOSFETs were fabricated with various channel-region implant doses and thermal budgets. Neutral Si and Ge species were used to study the impact of the implant damage on mobility separately from ionized impurity scattering effects. Electron mobility enhancement is shown to degrade considerably when the implant dose is above a critical dose for a given thermal budget. Transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the mobility degradation mechanisms. Residual implant damage and implant damage enhanced Ge up-diffusion into the Si are shown to be responsible for the mobility degradation. Two-dimensional damage simulations of 30-nm scale MOSFETs are used to examine potential technological implications of these findings.
Pulsed Septum Magnet and Power Supply for the 8 GeV Beam Transfer Line at the National Accelerator Laboratory

The construction of the pulsed septum magnets and their power supply used in the 8 GeV beam transfer line between the NAL booster and main ring is briefly described. The solid state power supply provides 20,000 A pulses at about 1500 V and a PRR of 15 per second.
Contrastive Rhetoric in Context: A Dynamic Model of L2 Writing

Abstract The notion of contrastive rhetoric was first proposed as a pedagogical solution to the problem of L2 organization, and the subsequent development in research has generated, among other valuable insights, three explanations for the organizational structures of L2 texts, including linguistic, cultural, and educational explanations. However, the contribution of contrastive rhetoric to the teaching of ESL writing has been limited because of the underlying assumptions that has guided the early pedagogical approaches. This study identifies a static theory of L2 writing that has been widely used in teaching organizational structures and considers how the pedagogical application of insights from contrastive rhetoric studies have been limited by this theory. To overcome the limitations of the static theory, an alternative model of L2 writing is proposed, and its implications for further research and the teaching of L2 writing are discussed.
Collective remembering through the materiality and organization of war memorials

This article investigates how material objects fit into societal discourses of remembering; the authors focus on how the spatial and material composition of objects can affect subjects, thus sugges...
Integrating Narrative Approaches into Clinical Curricula: Addressing Diversity through Understanding

Abstract Academic programs in clinical social work often focus on either psychodynamic or systemic approaches. Narrative approaches grounded in postmodern theory also merit attention, as they are well suited for the diverse populations served by social workers. In narrative approaches, practitioners help clients to deconstruct and reconstruct their own life stories, and thereby to empower themselves. This paper compares narrative approaches with psychodynamic and systemic approaches, and suggests ways to integrate their coverage into curricula built around the dominant traditional approaches.
Industrial need for accurate thermophysical data and for reliable prediction methods

Intelligent design of chemical-process equipment requires accurate thermophysical property values for pure components and mixtures including solutions. Databases used by practicing engineers should include the best numbers available and estimated uncertainties of these numbers. Many important property values have not been measured and must be estimated. Care should be exercised in selecting the estimation method. Property values that are a function of temperature, pressure, and/or composition can be correlated using appropriate equations. Such equations and the number of adjustable parameters in these equations should be selected with care. Examples of determining uncertainties, estimation techniques used, and correlating equations are given.
Fast-setting calcium phosphate scaffolds with tailored macropore formation rates for bone regeneration

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for craniofacial and orthopedic repair because of its ability to self-harden in situ to form hydroxyapatite with excellent osteoconductivity. However, its low strength, long hardening time, and lack of macroporosity limit its use. This study aimed to develop fast-setting and antiwashout CPC scaffolds with high strength and tailored macropore formation rates. Chitosan, sodium phosphate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were used to render CPC fast-setting and resistant to washout. Absorbable fibers and mannitol porogen were incorporated into CPC for strength and macropores for bone ingrowth. Flexural strength, work-of-fracture, and elastic modulus were measured vs. immersion time in a physiological solution. Hardening time (mean +/- SD; n = 6) was 69.5 +/- 2.1 min for CPC-control, 9.3 +/- 2.8 min for CPC-HPMC-mannitol, 8.2 +/- 1.5 min for CPC-chitosan-mannitol, and 6.7 +/- 1.6 min for CPC-chitosan-mannitol-fiber. The latter three compositions were resistant to washout, whereas the CPC-control paste showed washout in a physiological solution. Immersion for 1 day dissolved mannitol and created macropores in CPC. CPC-chitosan-mannitol-fiber scaffold had a strength of 4.6 +/- 1.4 MPa, significantly higher than 1.2 +/- 0.1 MPa of CPC-chitosan-mannitol scaffold and 0.3 +/- 0.2 MPa of CPC-HPMC-mannitol scaffold (Tukey's). The strength of CPC-chitosan-mannitol-fiber scaffold was maintained up to 42 days and then decreased because of fiber degradation. Work-of-fracture and elastic modulus showed similar trends. Long cylindrical macropore channels were formed in CPC after fiber dissolution. The resorbable, fast-setting, anti-washout and strong CPC scaffold should be useful in craniofacial and orthopedic repairs. The novel method of combining fast- and slow-dissolution porogens/fibers to produce scaffolds with high strength and tailored macropore formation rates to match bone healing rates may have wide applicability to other biomaterials.
Evaluation of the Velogene genomic assay for detection of vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species.

The Velogene (VEL) genomic assay is a qualitative DNA probe for vanA and vanB in enterococci. 150 clinical isolates were tested with the VEL assay and characterized by pigment production, catalase levels, motility, growth in 6 μg of vancomycin/ml, vancomycin and teicoplanin susceptibility, API 20S assay, and genotyping by multiplex PCR. The VEL assay identified all enterococcal strains with vanA and vanB genes.
Cissus Quadrangularis Reduces Joint Pain in Exercise-Trained Men: A Pilot Study

AbstractBackground: Strenuous, high-volume exercise is often associated with inflammation and joint pain. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of our study was to determine the therapeutic effects of CQ supplementation in healthy, exercise-trained men with joint-specific pain. Methods: Twenty-nine men between the ages of 20 and 46 years, who reportedly experienced chronic joint pain as a result of strenuous exercise, participated in our pilot study. All men received CQ 3200 mg daily for 8 weeks. Before and after the 8-week intervention period, subjects completed a questionnaire to determine their degree of joint pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis [WOMAC]). Clinical measures (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, blood biomarkers) were also collected for each subject pre- (baseline) and post-intervention. Results: Subject ratings for multiple variables within the WOMAC Index improved (decreased) significantly (P < 0.05),...
Apoptosis inhibition by the human DEK oncoprotein involves interference with p53 functions.

The DEK proto-oncogene has been associated with human carcinogenesis—either as a fusion with the CAN nucleoporin protein or when transcriptionally upregulated. Mechanisms of intracellular DEK functions, however, have remained relatively unexplored. We have recently demonstrated that DEK expression is induced by the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein in a manner which is dependent upon retinoblastoma protein function and have implicated DEK in the inhibition of cellular senescence. Additionally, overexpression of DEK resulted in significant life span extension of primary human keratinocytes. In order to determine whether DEK expression is required for cellular proliferation and/or survival, we monitored cellular responses to the knockdown of DEK in cancer and primary cells. The results indicate that DEK expression protects both HPV-positive cancer and primary human cells from apoptotic cell death. Cell death in response to DEK depletion was accompanied by increased protein stability and transcriptional activity of the p53 tumor suppressor and consequent upregulation of known p53 target genes such as p21CIP and Bax. Consistent with a possible role for p53 in DEK-mediated cell death inhibition, the p53-negative human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2 was resistant to the knockdown of DEK. Finally, expression of a dominant negative p53 miniprotein inhibited DEK RNA interference-induced p53 transcriptional induction, as well as cell death, thus directly implicating p53 activation in the observed apoptotic phenotype. These findings suggest a novel role for DEK in cellular survival, involving the destabilization of p53 in a manner which is likely to contribute to human carcinogenesis.
Modeling the ballistic response of the 14.5 mm BS41 projectile

This article presents computed results of the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) 14.5 mm BS41 projectile impacting steel targets with varying impact conditions. The ARL BS41 is a complex projectile that includes a soft metal jacket, lead filler, inert powder and a high-strength tungsten carbide (WC) core. The WC core includes a nominal 6 wt% cobalt binder (WC-.06Co) producing significant ductility in compression but very little in tension. Recent 3D numerical algorithm advancements and a more accurate material model for WC produce computed results that are in good agreement with experimental results. The computed results demonstrate the ability to reproduce several key observations: the stripping of the steel jacket, lead filler and inert powder when impacting thin and thick steel targets; rigid body penetration of the WC core into thin and thick steel targets for normal impact; severe fracture and fragmentation of the core when impacting obliquely; and core fracture due to a yaw angle at impact. The computed results may also explain why the core fractures at low obliquities and shatters at high obliquities. Experimental data are also discussed and compared to the computed results.
Microtubule Depolymerization Induces Stress Fibers, Focal Adhesions, and DNA Synthesis via the GTP-Binding Protein Rho

Microtubule depolymerization has multiple consequences that include actin stress fiber and focal adhesion assembly, increased tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA synthesis. Similar effects induced by serum, or agents such as lysophosphatidic acid, have previously been shown to be mediated by the GTP-binding protein Rho. We have investigated whether the effects of microtubule depolymerization are similarly mediated by Rho and show that they are blocked by the specific Rho inhibitor, C3 transferase. Because microtubule depolymerization induces these effects in quiescent cells, in which Rho is largely inactive, we conclude that microtubule depolymerization leads to activation of Rho. The activation of Rho in response to microtubule depolymerization and the consequent stimulation of contractility suggest a mechanism by which microtubules may regulate microfilament function in various motile phenomena. These range from growth cone extension to the development of the contractile ring during cytokinesis, in which there are interactions between the microtubule and microfilament systems.
Race and health-related quality of life in midlife women in Baltimore, Maryland.

Abstract Objective Only a few studies have examined the association between race/ethnicity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during midlife. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine this association in the context of a population-based study of Caucasian and African-American women aged 45–54 years. Methods Data from 626 pre- and peri-menopausal African-American and Caucasian women aged 45–54 years were analyzed. HRQOL was measured using Cantril's Self-Anchoring Ladder of Life, a validated measure of overall life satisfaction. Body mass index was determined using measured height and weight. Information on race and other variables such as education was based on self-report. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the unadjusted and adjusted associations between race and low present HRQOL (≤6 on Cantril's Ladder of Life). Results In both the unadjusted and adjusted analyses, race was not significantly associated with low present HRQOL (unadjusted OR 1.57; 95% CI 0.93, 2.65; adjusted OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.42, 1.61). In the fully adjusted model, only the number of menopausal symptoms and self-rated health were significantly associated with present HRQOL. Conclusions Findings from this population-based study suggest that race is not a statistically significant determinant of present HRQOL among midlife women.
Timbuktu: A Lesson in Underdevelopment

The present paper is a study of development which di?ers from other such studies in two major respects. First, rather than analyzing what factors have promoted the development of a previously underdeveloped area, I will try to assess what factors may lead to the decline of a previously highly developed area. In doing so, I will try to show that development is fragile and precarious, because it depends on both domestic/institutional and international/economic factors and conditions.
Light Beam Deflector Performance: a Comparative Analysis

The performance of various types of analog light beam deflectors is summarized, and their relative positions in a deflector hierarchy are defined. The three types of deflectors considered are (1) mechanical (galvanometer) mirror deflectors, (2) acoustooptic deflectors, and (3) analog electrooptic deflectors. Material figures of merit are defined and compared, and the theoretical trade-off between speed and resolution is given for each type of deflector.
Combinatorial materials research applied to the development of new surface coatings XVI: fouling-release properties of amphiphilic polysiloxane coatings.

High-throughput methods were used to prepare and characterize the fouling-release (FR) properties of an array of amphiphilic polysiloxane-based coatings possessing systematic variations in composition. The coatings were derived from a silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a silanol-terminated polytrifluorpropylmethylsiloxane (CF3-PDMS), 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]-trimethoxysilane (TMS-PEG), methyltriacetoxysilane and hexamethyldisilazane-treated fumed silica. The variables investigated were the concentration of TMS-PEG and the concentration of CF3-PDMS. In general, it was found that the TMS-PEG and the CF3-PDMS had a synergist effect on FR properties with these properties being enhanced by combining both compounds into the coating formulations. In addition, reattached adult barnacles removed from coatings possessing both TMS-PEG and relatively high levels of CF3-PDMS displayed atypical base-plate morphologies. The majority of the barnacles removed from these coatings exhibited a cupped or domed...
Premature Ejaculation Associated with Citalopram Withdrawal

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of premature ejaculation occurring subsequent to citalopram discontinuation.CASE SUMMARY:A 43-year-old white man being treated for depression with citalopram wished to discontinue treatment. Four or 5 days after stopping citalopram he reported that, during sexual intercourse, his genitals seemed to be extremely sensitive and orgasm was achieved within approximately 1 minute. These symptoms continued over the next 3–4 weeks and remitted after citalopram was restarted. Several subsequent attempts to discontinue citalopram resulted in a return of these symptoms despite using a slow tapering regimen. An objective causality assessment revealed a probable relationship between drug withdrawal and the observed symptoms.DISCUSSION:The ability of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to delay ejaculation has been well documented; however, discontinuation of these agents generally results in a return to baseline function. Although discontinuation of SSRI therapy has been associat...
Hydrogen on the Fe(110) surface and near bulk bcc Fe vacancies A comparative bonding study

Abstract The bonding of H to Fe is analyzed using qualitative band structure calculations in the framework of extended Huckel tight-binding theory and the ASED-MO cluster method. The changes in the electronic structure of bcc Fe upon the introduction of H at a vacancy are addressed, and a comparison drawn with H adsorption at the Fe(110) surface. H in bulk Fe with vacancies prefers a tetrahedral site shifted toward the vacancy. The vacancies act as a strong trap for H. The Fe atoms are initially more strongly bonded to each other as a consequence of vacancy formation; their Fe–Fe bond strength is then diminished as the new Fe–H bond is formed. The effect of H is limited to its first Fe neighbor. An analysis of the orbital interactions reveals that the Fe–H bonding involves mainly the Fe 4s and H 1s orbitals with less participation of Fe 4p and 3d crystal orbitals. Relaxation of Fe atoms neighboring the vacancy is also addressed. A detailed atomistic mechanism for decohesion and H embrittlement is provided.
Disk resident arrays: an array-oriented I/O library for out-of-core computations

In out-of-core computations, disk storage is treated as another level in the memory hierarchy, below cache, local memory, and (in a parallel computer) remote memories. However the tools used to manage this storage are typically quite different from those used to manage access to local and remote memory. This disparity complicates implementation of out-of-core algorithms and hinders portability. We describe a programming model that addresses this problem. This model allows parallel programs to use essentially the same mechanisms to manage the movement of data between any two adjacent levels in a hierarchical memory system. We take as our starting point the Global Arrays shared-memory model and library, which support a variety of operations on distributed arrays, including transfer between local and remote memories. We show how this model can be extended to support explicit transfer between global memory and secondary storage, and we define a Disk Resident Arrays Library that supports such transfers. We illustrate the utility of the resulting model with two applications, an out-of-core matrix multiplication and a large computational chemistry program. We also describe implementation techniques on several parallel computers and present experimental results that demonstrate that the Disk Resident Arrays model can be implemented very efficiently on parallel computers.
Induction of CYP1A by benzo[k]fluoranthene in human hepatocytes: CYP1A1 or CYP1A2?

While fresh human hepatocyte cultures are widely used to model hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) regulation and activity, their CYP1A subfamily composition induced by, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is ambiguous. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, or both have been reported to be expressed, and their varied roles in chemical carcinogenesis makes resolution of which CYPs are expressed essential. We have used an immunoblot system with Bis-Tris-HCl-buffered polyacrylamide gel, which clearly resolves human CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, and polyclonal goat anti-human CYP1A1/CYP1A2 and rabbit anti-human CYP1A2 antibodies to probe the expressed CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 composition of seven individual human hepatocyte cultures induced with 5 microM benzo[k]fluoranthene (BKF) for 24 h. In six of the cultures only CYP1A1 was detected, and in the seventh both CYPs were detected. In most vehicle-treated hepatocyte cultures, neither CYP1A1 nor CYP1A2 was detected. In three additional hepatocyte cultures treated individually with BKF and 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the resultant induced CYP1A1/1A2 profiles were essentially not influenced by the nature of the inducing agents. To develop an activity-based assay to differentiate between CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression in human hepatocytes, our previously published R warfarin assay (Drug Metab. Disp. (1995) 23, 1339-1345) was applied to TCDD (10 nM)-treated hepatocyte culture. The low concentration of TCDD did not produce inhibition of the warfarin metabolism-such inhibition could confound the results. Based on the ratios of 6- to 8-hydroxywarfarin formed in two cultures, the ratios of CYP1A1/CYP1A2 expressed in these cultures were determined and they agreed with the ratios determined by immunoblot analysis. Thus each individual human hepatocyte culture must be characterized for induced CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression in studies of CYP1A activity. The warfarin assay provides a means of characterizing the cultures.
Activity periods of an infinite server queue and performance of certain heavy tailed fluid queues

A fluid queue with ON periods arriving according to a Poisson process and having a long-tailed distribution has long range dependence. As a result, its performance deteriorates. The extent of this performance deterioration depends on a quantity determined by the average values of the system parameters. In the case when the the performance deterioration is the most extreme, we quantify it by studying the time until the amount of work in the system causes an overflow of a large buffer. This turns out to be strongly related to the tail behavior of the increase in the buffer content during a busy period of the M/G/\infty queue feeding the buffer. A large deviation approach provides a powerful method of studying such tail behavior.
Effects of Vegetarian Diets Upon the Composition of Human Milk

Nutrients of concern when vegetarian diets are analyzed for adequacy include: protein, iron, calcium, zinc, iodine, riboflavin, vitamin B-12 and vitamin D. With careful planning it is possible for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian to meet or exceed the dietary requirement for all nutrients. Since vitamin B-12 is found only in animal products, very strict vegetarians cannot meet their vitamin B-12 requirement through diet. In this review, the effect of diet on breast milk composition will be examined with particular emphasis on those nutrients likely to be inadequate in vegetarian diets. In addition, the effect of dietary fat on the composition of breast milk will be considered.
Yield and Quality of Field-grown Celosia and Globe Amaranth Cut Flowers at Four Plant Densities

Field-grown cut and dried flowers could provide a high-value crop selection for New Mexico. We conducted a 1-year field study to evaluate flower yield and quality characteristics of common globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth (Gomphrena haageana), cockscomb celosia (Celosia argentea var. cristata ‘Chief Mix’), and wheat celosia (Celosia spicata ‘Pink Candle’). Within-row spacing of 15 or 20 cm combined with two-row or three-row per bed plantings resulted in field planting densities ranging from 66,670 to 120,010 plants/ha of common globe amaranth and ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth, and 100,005 to 200,010 plants/ha of cockscomb and wheat celosia. All but cockscomb celosia produced four harvests that began 22 May and ended 18 Oct., depending on species. Both globe amaranth species had a 5- to 6-month harvest season, two to three midseason to late-season peak harvests, and over 1000 harvested stems totaling 1.4 to 1.8 kg dry weight per 1.5-m2 plot across the season. Both celosia species had a 4.5-month harvest season, one early summer peak harvest, and fewer than 300 harvested stems totaling 0.6 to 0.7 kg dry weight per plot for the year. Seasonally progressive increases in flowering stem length of both globe amaranth species and wheat celosia, and in flowering stem diameter of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia, were observed. Flowering head size of both globe amaranth species and of wheat celosia varied little with harvest season, whereas the head diameter of cockscomb celosia increased with the season. Postharvest flower retention after mechanical impact was about 2% higher for common globe amaranth than it was for ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth, decreased by about 6% from early to later harvests for both celosia species, and was inversely related to the head size of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia. Despite the wide range in planting density, the density effect was largely limited to cockscomb celosia. For that species, three-row planting (high density) increased the total number of spray flower (multiple head) stems, provided longer stems later into the season and wider heads midway into the season, and prolonged the production of spray stems (15-cm spacing only). Results demonstrate that these four species are excellent candidates as new specialty crops in semiarid conditions.
New approach to use of total coliform test for watershed management

This study monitored surface water quality around a reservoir for a 2-year period. It was found that the total coliform test could be used in new ways, and in conjunction with other bacterial and viral indicators, to provide valuable information on the sources of fecal inputs and their potential impact on water quality. Two new approaches to the use of total coliforms were developed. Specifically, it was found that atypical colonies (AC) from the total coliform, membrane filtration test were invaluable input parameters for neural network models that could be trained to recognize and predict potentially hazardous fecal sources from agricultural activities. AC counts were also used in conjunction with total coliphage (TP) concentrations to create a reference index relative to domestic sewage to rank the level of fecal contamination at sites within the watershed. Atypical colonies isolated from total coliform tests of surface water samples were further classified with the API 20E system. The classification showed that the heterogeneous group known as atypicals consisted of three main groups of bacteria: modified coliforms, Aeromonas , and a mix of predominantly Vibrio and Samonella .
Skin Friction Predictions Over a Hovering Tilt-Rotor Blade Using OVERFLOW2

Skin friction predictions on hovering XV-15 helicopter blades have been made with the OVERFLOW2 flow solver using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The Figure of Merit (FM) at the 10-degree collective pitch is predicted reasonably and that at the 3-degree collective pitch is slightly under-predicted in comparison with experimental data. The trend in the skin friction predictions at the 10-degree collective pitch in the fully turbulent region is in reasonable agreement with the experimental data at radial stations removed from the root. At the 3-degree collective pitch the agreement in the fully turbulent region is about the same as in the 10-degree case. In the transition region, however, the predictions deviate significantly from the experimental data. By modulating the turbulence viscosity ap rioriin the experimentally known transition zone in various ways, OVERFLOW2 predicted a measurable change in the behavior of skin friction over the blade, especially in the transition region. This change was observed to be significant for the 3-degree collective pitch.
Differential Laser Ionization Tagged Radar Anemometry (LITRA)

*† ‡ § Flow velocity measurements usually require seeding the flow. We present a method of remotely measuring velocities of unseeded flows using microwave scattering from a laser induced small volume plasma. The Laser Ionization Tagged Radar Anemometry (LITRA) technique is based on measuring the time evolution of phase shifts in the scattered microwave field, which are due to the movement of the small plasma induced by a short pulse laser. In a flowing gas such as air, this small plasma moves with the gas flow and thus provides a method for measuring the local flow velocity without the need for seeding. Quadrature detection maps the phase of the scattering as a function of time, providing microsecond resolved, single shot measurements of velocity. Differential coherent detection allows for drastically reducing the influence of laser plasma induced intrinsic phases shifts. We present local velocity measurements of air flow both at low velocities and in a high velocity blowdown facility.
Computed Tomography of the Musculoskeletal System

Computed tomography (CT) has specific uses in veterinary species' appendicular musculoskeletal system. Parameters for acquisition of images, interpretation limitations, as well as published information regarding its use in small animals is reviewed.
29 HOLISTIC HEALTH CARE EDUCATORS IN UTAH.

The use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) has increased, especially in pediatric patients. About 20 to 40% of healthy children and > 50% of children with chronic and incurable conditions use CAM therapies, almost always with mainstream Western, allopathic medical care. However, in Utah there are no required courses in CAM and few CAM educators in medicine or nursing education. The purpose of this study is to describe the teaching of 2 holistic nurse educators from a large public university and a small private college. By gaining insights into the teaching of integrative holistic health care (IHHC), future educators can learn how these educators teach in the classroom, study their relations with the school administrators, and how their students and colleagues view them. Personal interviews with the educators, their deans, colleagues, and students were conducted as well as classroom observations, archival, and syllabi documents. The research involved a detailed exploration, using a rich descriptive case study to gain insights and discern unique educational attributes and contextual institutional support of nursing educators who teach IHHC. Over 100 hours of interviews and observations were made. Three central themes emerged from the holistic educators: (a) partnership with the students to share in and connect with their learning, (b) paradigm of broadening one9s thought and articulating vision and voice by an acceptance of holism, and (c) presence of the educator to be available to, attuned to, and accepting of students. These 3 themes influenced how IHHC was taught and received. The classroom was arranged and an environment created that allowed students to learn and integrate diverse conceptualization of thoughts and ideas. The students reported a difference in the qualities of these educators and the atmosphere in the classroom. The holistic relationship of the health care provider and patient as well as teacher and student was conveyed and nurtured. Barriers that these educators experienced and shared were also recorded. Some colleagues of both educators felt that IHHC was outside the evidence-based allopathic research paradigm. The deans were supportive of their holistic educator and offered balance and encouragement to educators to integrate with ethical teaching accountability. When the institutional context of integrating these non-traditional healing modalities into the conventional Western medical paradigm did not have these 3 themes, then holistic education did not occur. This case study of these two holistic educators describes the importance of the themes of partnership, paradigm, and presence for the development of integrated holistic health care and education.
Simultaneous determination of 25 sex hormones in Cosmeceutical by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution

Objective:A reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC–MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 25 sex hormones in Cosmeceutical was developed.Methods: The sample was extracted by methanol or acetonitrile and the extract was purified by HLB solid phase extraction-based clean-up column.Then,the analytes were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH SHELD RP18 column(100×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),7 female sex hormones gradiently eluted with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile in 8 min.,18 Androgen,progestogen sex hormones gradiently eluted with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid water and acetonitrile-methanol(1+9,V+V)in 20 min.The female sex hormones were detected in negative electro-spray ionization and the Androgen,progestogen sex hormones were detected in positive electro-spray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring mode.Estriol–D3,Estradiol–D3,Diethylstilbestrol–D6,Testosterone–D3,Chlorotestosterone–D3 and Chlormadinone-CL37 were used as the internal standards to reduce the matrix effects.Results: The limit of detection for25 sex hormones in oil,emulsion and water were 1.0 μg/kg~30.5 μg/kg、0.2 μg/kg~12.5 μg/kg、0.1 μg/kg~22.7 μg/kg.Good linear relationships and high correlation coefficients(R20.99) were obtained in the concentration range of 0.1 μg/ml~2.0 μg/ml.The average recoveries were 58.6%~108.1%,67.1%~128.4%,68.8%~128.4% at spiked levels of 100 ng,500 ng and 1000 ng,relative standard deviations were﹤15%.Finally,a total of 30 samples randomly collected from different supermarkets in Zhejiang province were screened for 25 sex hormones with the proposed method.The results showed that only 1 sample was contaminated with Estradiol.Conclusion: The sample processing method is suitable for any Cosmeceuticals.Routine tests showed that the method is fast,sensitive,simple and accurate.
Incumbents and Voters in the 1978 Congressional Elections

The 1978 National Election Study has provided us with a wide variety of data to help explain the advantages that incubents have recently enjoyed in elections for the U.S. House. The incumbent advantages over challengers in levels of familiarity, frequecy of contact, and evaluations for contestants for open seats rank between incumbents and challengers on these items. An analysis of variables related to voting decisions shows that incumbents benefit from many different things that they do; advertising, credit claiming on services, and position taking on issues, as well as developement of home style that enhances their image. They also benefit from having obscure, inexperienced opponents who are usually short of resources and therefore do not become familiar to voters.
Enhancement of Skeletal Muscle in Aged Rats Following High-Intensity Stretch-Shortening Contraction Training.

Abstract Exercise is the most accessible, efficacious, and multifactorial intervention to improve health and treat chronic disease. High-intensity resistance exercise, in particular, also maximizes skeletal muscle size and strength—outcomes crucial at advanced age. However, such training is capable of inducing muscle maladaptation when misapplied at old age. Therefore, characterization of parameters (e.g., mode and frequency) that foster adaptation is an active research area. To address this issue, we utilized a rodent model that allowed training at maximal intensity in terms of muscle activation and tested the hypothesis that muscles of old rats adapt to stretch-shortening contraction (SSC) training, provided the training frequency is sufficiently low. At termination of training, normalized muscle mass (i.e., muscle mass divided by tibia length) and muscle quality (isometric force divided by normalized muscle mass) were determined. For young rats, normalized muscle mass increased by ∼20% regardless of tr...
Remote sensing for geotechnical earthquake reconnaissance

Abstract This paper describes recent efforts that incorporate remote sensing techniques and platforms into geotechnical earthquake reconnaissance to document damage patterns, collect three-dimensional geometries of failures, and measure ground movements. The most-commonly used remote sensing techniques in geotechnical engineering (satellite imagery and LIDAR), as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), are introduced and recent case histories of the use of these techniques in reconnaissance efforts are provided. These examples demonstrate the potential for remote sensing to improve our understanding of geotechnical effects both at a regional scale and at a local level. The use of remote sensing to measure ground movements is particularly noteworthy and has the potential to provide data sets that will improve our ability to quantitatively predict the consequences of liquefaction and landslides. However, to realize this potential, investments must be made in collecting appropriate pre-earthquake data.
Better together: Multiple lines of evidence for a link between approximate and exact number representations: A reply to Merkley, Matejko, and Ansari

The results of our recent experiments suggest that temporarily modulating children's approximate number system (ANS) precision leads to a domain-specific change in their symbolic math performance (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2016, Vol. 147, pp. 82-99). We interpreted these results as evidence for a causal relationship between ANS precision and symbolic math. In a commentary on our work, Merkley, Matejko, and Ansari argue that our methodology limits the interpretation of our results, primarily because our experiments did not meet the criteria for an intervention study as set out by What Works Clearinghouse and others. Here, we clarify the goals and limitations of our study and emphasize the variety of approaches to demonstrating causality. We argue that our goal was not to design and test an intervention or to compare the effectiveness of different treatments. Instead, we aimed to experimentally manipulate one variable (i.e., ANS acuity) and, in a randomized sample of children, observe whether this manipulation had any statistically significant effect on a dependent variable (i.e., performance on a set of symbolic math questions). We provide further analyses to support our assertion that a temporary manipulation of ANS performance does lead to a change in math performance. These results point to a causal relationship between ANS precision and math, and they suggest that further investigation of this relationship will be fruitful.
The temporal-spatial distribution of seriously maltreated children

This descriptive study utilized Bernoulli and Poisson spatial scan statistical models in SatScan v.9.4 to examine the distribution in space and time of residence of maltreatment cases-operationalized as families with serious maltreatment (resulting in death or hospitalization) of children under 6 years-for the presence of clusters ("hot spots"). In the Poisson model, a population dataset of serious maltreatment cases were non-randomly dispersed in four major areas, with these "hot spots" moving over time and space. Most cases were outside these clusters. In the Bernoulli model, the geographic distribution of a case-control dataset of families with serious maltreatment who were previously investigated by child welfare did not differ compared to controls previously investigated by child welfare with no serious maltreatment. Findings suggest that child fatality prevention efforts such as Back to Sleep and Never Shake a Baby campaigns should continue to be universal efforts, targeted to all parents.
Attaining efficiency with imperfect public monitoring and one-sided Markov adverse selection

I prove an efficiency result for repeated games with imperfect public monitoring in which one player's utility is privately known and evolves according to a Markov process. Under certain assumptions, patient players can attain approximately efficient payoffs in equilibrium. The public signal must satisfy a “pairwise full rank” condition that is somewhat stronger than the monitoring condition required in the Folk Theorem proved by Fudenberg, Levine, and Maskin (1994). Under stronger assumptions, the efficiency result partially extends to settings in which one player has private information that determines every player's payoff. The proof is partially constructive and uses an intuitive technique to mitigate the impact of private information on continuation payoffs.
The Exome Clinic and the role of medical genetics expertise in the interpretation of exome sequencing results.

Evaluation of the clinician’s role in the optimal interpretation of clinical exome sequencing (ES) results. Retrospective chart review of the first 155 patients who underwent clinical ES in our Exome Clinic and direct interaction with the ordering geneticist to evaluate the process of interpretation of results. The most common primary indication was neurodevelopmental problems (~66%), followed by multiple congenital anomalies (~10%). Based on sequencing data, the overall diagnostic yield was 36%. After assessment by the medical geneticist, incorporation of detailed phenotypic and molecular data, and utilization of additional diagnostic modalities, the final diagnostic yield increased to 43%. Seven patients in our cohort were included in initial case series that described novel genetic syndromes, and 23% of patients were involved in subsequent research studies directly related to their results or involved in efforts to move beyond clinical ES for diagnosis. Clinical management was directly altered due to the ES findings in 12% of definitively diagnosed cases. Our results emphasize the usefulness of ES, demonstrate the significant role of the medical geneticist in the diagnostic process of patients undergoing ES, and illustrate the benefits of postanalytical diagnostic work-up in solving the “diagnostic odyssey.” Genet Med advance online publication 02 March 2017
Rate of pESC plasmid loss in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of selective pressure (VAC13P.1126)

Recombinant yeast has been proposed as a vaccine modality, especially for inducing CTL responses. The production of yeast expressing proteins of interest would be facilitated if they can be grown in less expensive non-selective medium. This would only be practical if the population of yeast retains high levels of plasmid over the duration of the growth. We tested the Saccharomyces cerevisiae multiple gene auxotroph with pESC-URA to determine the rate of plasmid loss in the population. The yeast maintain the plasmid much longer than anticipated, suggesting that growth in non-selective medium may be a viable method. Induction of protein expression increases the competitive advantage of plasmid loss. Growth rates of the yeast and of plasmid loss under these variable conditions was also determined.