cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yielding to the Confiscation of Public and Private Property: Judicial Deference Under the Copyright and Takings Clauses

Both takings and copyright extensions involve a transfer of property. With takings, government transfers the use of property from private to public ownership. In copyright extensions — and retroactive extensions in particular — the government transfers public property back into the hands of the private owners. In both instances, government defines the actual property interest in the first place. State law defines the private property that the government takes, while the federal government both grants and limits the intellectual property monopoly right. This Article compares the judicial deference regimes to address the question: should the judiciary more generously defer to the legislature when it confiscates a private ownership right or when it confiscates a public ownership right? Applying public choice insights to traditional deference principles, I conclude that judicial deference is far more appropriate in takings than in copyright extensions.Although Supreme Court decisions on the Copyright and Takings Clauses have been subject of extensive academic debate, little exists comparing the two. This Article is the first to compare judicial deference and institutional competence concerns between both the Takings and Copyright Clauses, drawing on existing judicial deference and public choice literature. I will explore these institutional concerns in the Takings and Copyright contexts. Specifically, the focus is on physical takings (nonregulatory) and copyright extensions.
HVDC Grid Connection Schemes and System Stability Control Strategies for Large-scale Wind Power

For large-scale wind power transmitted by direct current(DC) system,three solutions are discussed including wind power island system transmitted by DC system,wind-coal-bundle island system transmitted by DC system,and wind-coal-bundle interconnected with AC system transmitted by DC system.The security and stability of these solutions are studied,especially the frequency and voltage stability problems,and the influence of wind power fluctuation and line-to-ground fault on the systems are discussed.The most appropriate solution of large-scale wind power transmitted by DC system is presented.Based on the results,system security and stability is studied for the Jiuquan wind-coal-bundle transmitted by ultra high voltage direct current(UHVDC) system,and the control strategy based on the DC modulation control method is proposed to mitigate the impact of wind power fluctuations on system frequency and improve the system stability.The validity of control strategy is verified by simulation.
Fault diagnosis based on wavelet analysis and self-organizing feature map of roller bearings

To monitor and diagnose the faults of roller bearing in the rotating machinery,a new method was presented which combines wavelet analysis with SOM based on the collection and the disposal of the roller bearing vibration signals. Experiments were carried out on the roller bearings lab-table and the eigenvalue by wavelet analysis.The fault diagnosis result was obtained by contrasting and analyzing the fault and the standard stylebook.The result show that the method can identify and diagnose not only the running states but also the fault types exactly.Therefore the method suits for the fault diagnosis of roller bearing,and is of applied value to engineering application.
What makes war surgery different

How can our military surgeons be optimally prepared for their roles in the combat setting? The recent training assignment of military surgeons to urban trauma centers is a necessary first step toward this elusive goal, although not conclusive preparation for carrying out surgery in a combat theater. The multiple dimensions of difference between combat and peacetime medical practice require continuing emphasis.
High-power 2.1-μm GaSb-based laser diode arrays

High-power 2.1 μm GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb single-spatial mode laser diode arrays are described. Continuous wave output powers of 1.4 W have been achieved with a 64-element array.
Far-infrared Cherenkov masers

A relativistic electron beam propagating near a dielectric film will produce Cherenkov radiation. The beam couples most strongly to the axial component of the guided modes, and the strength of the coupling is determined by the evanescence of the wave. The characteristic scale length for this evanescence is ~λβγ/2 π, where λ is the wavelength of the radiation and β and γ are, respectively, the relative velocity and relative energy of the beam electrons.
The Navigation of Feeling: The Flowering of Sentimentalism (1700–1789)

In 1692, Louis XIV demanded that his nephew, the duc de Chartres, marry one of his illegitimate daughters, Mlle de Blois – a severe blow to the young man and his parents. On the day the engagement was to be announced, the duc de Chartres's mother was seen in the corridor outside the king's apartment sobbing with rage. But that evening, during supper, the duc de Chartres and his mother gathered their wits and behaved with marginally acceptable decorum. The king appeared completely normal. M. de Chartres was next to his mother, who looked neither at him nor at her husband, Monsieur. Her eyes were full of tears, which fell from time to time, and which she wiped away, looking at everyone as if she wished to see what kind of facial expression each was making. Her son also had reddened eyes … I noticed that the king offered Madame almost all the dishes that were before him, which she refused with a brusque manner that, to the very end, failed to put off the king or temper his polite attention. Everyone noticed that, at the end of dinner, as all were standing in a circle in the king's chamber, the king made a very low bow to her, but she turned to leave so quickly that, on lifting his head, he saw nothing but her back, as she advanced toward the door (Saint-Simon 1947–1961:I, 35). Far from disquieting the king, her behavior appeared to suit him perfectly.
Would That Burnham Had Not Come to Be Done Insane! A Critique of Recent Supreme Court Personal Jurisdiction Reasoning, an Explanation of Why Transient Presence Jurisdiction Is Unconstitutional, and Some Thoughts about Divorce Jurisdiction in a Minimum Contacts World

The purpose of my article is to explain what minimum contacts jurisdiction means and how it works, exploring briefly the interrelation of personal jurisdiction with other doctrines that determine a court's authority to decide cases. On the Burnham facts, jurisdiction over the defendant was proper. This was not because of his transient presence in California, but because the nature of the litigation-a divorce proceeding-implicated ties and relations with the adjudicating forum enabling California to potentially bind Mr. Burnham by its domestic relations law.The United States Supreme Court never should have addressed the constitutionality of transient presence jurisdiction in Burnham. That theory was unnecessary to maintain jurisdiction over the defendant in the case before the Court. Because the Court did address the issue, however, and answered the question wrongly, a major purpose of this article is to explain what should have been apparent since Shaffer-transient presence jurisdiction is always unconstitutional under a minimum contacts analysis. Transient presence highlights the differences between contacts analysis and territoriality, illustrating the limited nature of jurisdiction based solely on minimum contacts.
Users of new traveler information technologies: Lessons learned from the Atlanta traveler information showcase

The Atlanta Traveler Information Showcase was a U.S. Department of Transportation funded demonstration of Advanced Traveler Information Services that was conducted from June through September of 1996 throughout the Atlanta metropolitan region. With the spotlight on Atlanta as a result of the 1996 Olympics, the region provided an excellent opportunity for bringing Intelligent Transportation Systems in general and Advanced Traveler Information Services in particular to the attention of the traveling public and the media and other influential persons who were in Atlanta during the summer. Travelers, both visitors and residents, had the opportunity to experience five technologies that comprised the Showcase: in-vehicle devices, personal communication devices, World Wide Web site on the Internet, cable television program, and interactive television. This paper describes the methods used to target users, recruit and train them to use the technologies, and assess their experience. The strategy for selecting users had to balance the multiple objectives and constraints within the overall Showcase goal of achieving maximum exposure for traveler information services. Another important consideration was simply the number of devices or potential users that the technologies could reach. For example, only 100 in-vehicle devices were available to be installed in vehicles in the region, whereas the cable TV program had the potential to reach the 600,000 cable subscribers throughout the area. Training and promotion was customized for each technology, whereas survey forms to gather user feedback were made as consistent as possible to facilitate cross-technology comparisons. The paper highlights some of the lessons learned from the various user-related activities of the Showcase.
Acid rock drainage passive remediation: Potential use of alkaline clay, optimal mixing ratio and long-term impacts.

Abstract Acid rock drainage (ARD) is one of the most adverse environmental problems of the mining industry. Surface and ground water affected by this pollution are characterized by their acidity and the high content of sulfates and metals/metalloids. In this study, alkaline clay (AC), an industrial waste with a high alkalinity, which is utilized in the alumina refining process, was used as the remediation material to inhibit pyrite oxidation in waste coal piles. Through a series of laboratory experiments (static and kinetic), complemented with field measurements and geochemical modeling, three important issues associated with this passive and sustainable ARD remediation method were investigated: 1) the potential use of alkaline clay as an ARD remediation material, 2) the adequate alkaline clay/coal refuse mixing ratio (AC/CR) to ensure pH values close to neutral conditions, and, 3) the implications for long-term performance, in terms of the trends of the main parameters involved in this process such as pH, concentrations of sulfate, iron and other dissolved contaminants. Both field measurements and the samples used for the experiments came from a local waste coal site. Through the analysis of the field measurements and the outcome of the laboratory experiments, AC proved to be an effective remediation material for ARD. Compared to those found in mine tailings, the concentrations of contaminants such as iron, manganese or sulfate were significantly reduced with this remediation approach. Moreover, results suggest a reliable long-term stability of the remediation (i.e. neutral pH conditions are maintained), thus enhancing the generation of iron precipitates that could produce pyrite grain coating. These processes also made the amended layer less porous, thus increased water retention and hindered oxygen diffusion.
Towards Ambient Projection for Intelligent Environments

Traditional desktop computing paradigms provide a poor interface for interacting with intelligent physical spaces. Although handheld devices are an important platform for interface agents, their displays are inadequate for many pervasive computing tasks and need to be supplemented by larger high-resolution displays. We propose the notion of augmenting indoor intelligent environments with ambient projection, where large numbers of projectors simultaneously illuminate the environment from multiple directions - analogous to the way in which ambient lighting permeates a room. Ambient projection could enable any suitable surface in an environment to be employed as a display device. Using such displays, the intelligent environment could present high-resolution information, proactively alert users who are not carrying handheld devices and annotate objects in the environment without instrumentation. Several challenges must be solved before such projected displays become a practical solution. This paper provides an overview of our research in computer vision for enabling interactive ambient projected displays.
Bloodborne pathogen exposures: Difference in reporting rates and individual predictors among health care personnel

Background Employees in health care settings are at varying risk for bloodborne pathogen (BBP) exposures. We compared differences in reporting rates of BBP exposures among health care personnel during 2 different time periods, assessing job category, years of experience, and sex as potential predictors for exposure. Methods A retrospective review of the employee health department BBP database at 2 time periods (September 1, 2012-April 30, 2013, and September 1, 2013-April 30, 2014) in which 2 different reporting protocols (call center vs pager) was used. A survey was administered to assess reported and unreported exposures within a 12-month period. Results BBP exposures were highest among residents and lowest among students. Physicians' reporting rate doubled when the call center was no longer used (relative risk, 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-5.52). Percutaneous injuries were the most common (78.3%), and most occurred in the operating room or postanesthesia unit (30.8%) and patient rooms (28.9%). Of 1,105 survey respondents, 103 (9.3%) recalled some type of exposure, but only 80 (77.7%) reported these exposures. When accounting for years of experience and sex, job category was significantly associated with injury or exposure within the previous 12 months ( P Conclusions Risk and reporting behaviors of BBP exposures vary widely across different providers. Training and education to prevent BBP exposures may need to be tailored toward different provider types.
Lessons from OLTP Workload on Multi-socket HPE Integrity Superdome X System

With today’s data explosion, databases have kept pace with the ever increasing demands of businesses by growing in size to accommodate peta-bytes and exa-bytes of data. This growth in data sizes is met by an equally impressive platform hardware engineering. These large enterprise systems are characterized by very large memory, I/O footprints and number of processors. These systems offer a good hardware consolidation platform, allowing traditional smaller databases to be consolidated on to larger and fewer x86 servers. In pursuit of efficient resource utilization, we have seen database implementations leverage technologies like virtualization and containerization to improve resource utilization rates, while providing best possible isolation of workloads. Oracle database 12cR1 is an offering that enables high server resource utilization rates for database workloads using the “Multitenant” feature. While scaling multi-tenant database workloads from 1 to 4 sockets could be considered a modestly challenging task, scaling these workloads beyond 4 sockets (such as 8 or 16 sockets) presents new challenges that have to be addressed to make the deployments more efficient. One of the main challenges to deal with on such highly NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) architectures is the associated performance penalties in memory intensive workloads. Database software is primarily memory intensive, so the need for optimizing both the hardware and the software stack for best performance becomes very apparent. While many of the hardware optimizations are done via platform tunings in the BIOS (aka system firmware), an equal amount of tuning options are available to be explored and applied on the OS and the application side. In this paper, we focus primarily on the software based tunings available to users in the OS and the database. The information presented in this paper are an accumulation of learnings and observations made when trying to solve NUMA challenges during OLTP benchmarking with Oracle multitenant database deployed on a 16 socket HPE Integrity Superdome X under a Linux environment.
A Journey Through the 'Mathematical Underworld' of Portfolio Optimization

* It has been estimated that the current size of the asset management industry is approximately US$58 trillion.* Portfolio optimization is one of the problems most frequently encountered by financial practitioners. It appears in various forms in the context of Trading, Risk Management and Capital Allocation.* The Critical Line Algorithm (CLA) is the only algorithm specifically designed for inequality-constrained portfolio optimization problems, which guarantees that the exact solution is found after a predefined number of iterations.* Surprisingly, open-source implementations of CLA in a scientific language appear to be inexistent or unavailable.* The lack of publicly available CLA software, commercially or open-source, means that trillions of dollars are likely to be suboptimally allocated as a result of practitioners using general-purpose quadratic optimizers.* We believe that a large amount of financial firms and practitioners will benefit from our robust implementation of CLA in a scientific language.The code is available in the author's website.
Application of random field theory in mapping problems

Application of Random field theory in mapping problems، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
“Thinking in Pictures?” Performance of Chinese Children with Autism on Math Learning Through Eye-Tracking Technology

Popular movies such as Rain Man, A Beautiful Mind and The Imitation Game often depicting the leading characters with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with exceptional math skills (referred to as autistic savants) which is largely inconsistent with research; in fact, only 10% of individuals with ASD have such savant skills; instead, prior studies showed that during their middle school years, students with ASD usually under-perform an average of 5 years below their neuro-typically developing (NT) peers in mathematics. Plausible explanation of such a gap is attributed to the population’s impairments of memory and cognitive development which in turn might undermine their learning abilities in one or more mathematical domains. Our present study aims to compare the effects of three different presentation styles during the training for children with ASD’s mathematical skills (image-based, mathematical digit-based and audio-based ones) through the behavioral analysis and eye-tracking technology. Together with their actual performance in a small-scale pilot test, these data can provide clues to the questions we raised.
Surveillance Strategies After Initial Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Several major advances and paradigm shifts have occurred in the surveillance of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) over the last two decades. Ultrasensitive thyroglobulin assays and cervical ultrasonography have emerged as the most sensitive techniques for detecting residual or recurrent disease. Diagnostic whole-body scans, once a mainstay in DTC surveillance, are now used more selectively. Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) has largely supplanted thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) for stimulated testing, resulting in significantly improved quality of life. Additional tools for detecting disease after initial treatment include cross-sectional imaging and positron emission tomography. Each test has unique strengths, limitations, and specific indications. The intensity of surveillance, and the methodologies employed, should be based on initial and subsequent risk stratification. Strategies must be modified in the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies and in patients who have not undergone total thyroidectomy or radioiodine ablation. Given the excellent survival and low rate of structural recurrence in DTC patients as a whole, it is essential to consider the potential harms of overaggressive surveillance, including the physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens. Recent data suggest that the intensity of surveillance may be safely decreased in select patients.
To retrench or invest? Turnaround strategies during a recessionary time

Abstract By analyzing retail news published between 2008 and 2011, we examined retrenchment and investment strategies employed by retailers in the U.S. in response to the Great Recession. We found four categories of retrenchment (store closings, buyouts, bankruptcies, and pull backs) and five categories of investment (market expansion, product development, service development, strategic partnerships, and corporate social responsibility). Retrenchment decisions were constrained by retailers' financial strength, whereas investment decisions varied with firms' strategic orientations and resource capabilities. Findings of this study enhance theoretical understanding of underlying factors of specific retrenchment and investment decisions that retailers pursued during a challenging economic time.
Management of Infections in Critically Ill Cancer Patients

Advances in critical care medicine have enabled cancer patients to survive aggressive medical and surgical therapies that they could not have tolerated a decade ago. For patients whose goals can be met by ICU support, the diagnostic and empiric therapeutic approach will be far different than when patients are more stable in other hospital areas: evaluations must be completed rapidly while patients are able to tolerate such testing, and empiric therapy must be broad and promptly administered. Oncologists and infectious disease specialists need to be actively involved in evaluating cancer patients in the ICU and in developing their management plans due to the enhanced knowledge they are likely to have of the patient’s history prior to the ICU, their knowledge of the underlying disease and life-threatening process, and their expertise in drug selection and monitoring.
Energy Through Motion©: An Activity Intervention for Cancer-Related Fatigue in an Ambulatory Infusion Center

BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) occurs in most people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Physical activity (PA) is safe and effective in reducing CRF in people with cancer. . OBJECTIVES This project involved the implementation and evaluation of a three-month PA program to maintain or improve CRF and quality of life. . METHODS Activity trackers and resistance bands were provided to participants. Verbal instruction, printed material, activity videos, and text messages were used in this program. Participants completed a fatigue assessment; self-reported PA measure; and measure of attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about sustaining regular PA pre- and postimplementation. . FINDINGS 51 patients enrolled in the study, and 39 completed the program. Participants' fatigue did not worsen significantly during the three months, and self-reported activity levels increased, but not significantly. The activity tracker, text messages, and personal connection with nursing staff were reported to be helpful.
Benefits of multimodal enhanced recovery pathway in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.

Background Use of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways to accelerate functional recovery and reduce length of stay (LOS) has rarely been investigated in kidney transplantation (KTX). Materials and methods Consecutive adult isolated KTXs between July 2015 and July 2016 (ERAS, n = 139) were compared with a historical cohort between January 2014 and July 2015 (HISTORIC, n = 95). Results Enhanced recovery after surgery recipients were significantly more likely to receive kidneys that were non-local (56.1% vs 4.2%), higher Kidney Donor Profile Index (36-85, 58.4% vs 45.2%; >85, 15.2% vs 10.7%), cold ischemia time ≥30 h (62.4% vs 4.7%), induced with antithymocyte globulin (97.1% vs 87.4%), and to develop delayed graft function (46.4% vs 25.0%). LOS was shorter by 1 day among ERAS (mean 4.59) compared to HISTORIC patients (mean 5.65) predominantly due to a shift in discharges within 3 days (32.4% vs 4.2%); 30-day readmission to the hospital (27.3% vs 27.4%) or emergency room visit (9.4% vs 7.4%) was similar. There was one 30-day death in the ERAS group and none in the HISTORIC group. Return to bowel function and early meal consumption were significantly associated with ERAS, however, with somewhat higher diarrhea and emesis rates. Conclusion ERAS following KTX correlated with lower LOS without change in readmissions or ER visits despite higher delayed graft function rates.
Physical Therapy Protocols for Arthroscopic Bankart Repair

Background:Outcomes after arthroscopic Bankart repair can be highly dependent on compliance and participation in physical therapy. Additionally, there are many variations in physician-recommended physical therapy protocols.Hypothesis:The rehabilitation protocols of academic orthopaedic surgery departments vary widely despite the presence of consensus protocols.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Methods:Web-based arthroscopic Bankart rehabilitation protocols available online from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited orthopaedic surgery programs were included for review. Individual protocols were reviewed to evaluate for the presence or absence of recommended therapies, goals for completion of ranges of motion, functional milestones, exercise start times, and recommended time to return to sport.Results:Thirty protocols from 27 (16.4%) total institutions were identified out of 164 eligible for review. Overall, 9 (30%) protocols recommended...
Medikamente zur intravenösen Narkoseinduktion: Propofol

Im Rahmen einer Serie zu den Induktionshypnotika werden im Folgenden Entwicklung und aktueller Stellenwert von Propofol behandelt. Seine Bedeutung geht weit uber die eines reinen Induktionshypnotikums hinaus (Sedierung bei diagnostischen und therapeutischen Prozeduren sowie auf der Intensivstation). Im Bereich der Narkoseinduktion werden Alternativen kaum noch eingesetzt. Manche Kontraindikationen werden weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert, wahrend andere den Anwendern wenig bewusst sind (verbreiteter „off label use“). Nebenwirkungen wie Injektionsschmerz, Infektionsrisiko oder Propofolinfusionssyndrom (PRIS) konnten durch Pharmakovigilanz verringert werden. Bei entsprechender Vorsicht kann nahezu das gesamte anasthesiologische Patientenspektrum mit Propofol behandelt werden. Hamodynamische Nebenwirkungen und das seltene, aber potenziell letal verlaufende PRIS stellen relevante Limitationen dar. Weiterentwicklungen adressieren die Wasserloslichkeit und den Losungsvermittler von Propofol.
Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis: Experience and Long-Term Outcome from a Tertiary Referral Center in the United States

Ventricular involvement in neurocysticercosis (NCC), a common serious manifestation of NCC, has distinct clinical presentations, complications, and treatments primarily because of partial or complete obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow by Taenia solium cysts. We review the clinical course, treatments, and long-term outcomes in 23 of 121 (19.0%) total NCC patients with ventricular cysts referred to the National Institutes of Health from 1985 to the October 2017. Patients had a median age of 31.8 (range: 22.4-52.6 years), were 60.9% male, diagnosed a median of 6.5 years (range: 0.17-16 years) after immigration, and were followed for a median of 3.6 years (range: 0.1-30.5 years). Other forms and manifestations of NCC were present in 73.9% (17/23). The fourth ventricle was involved in a majority (15/23, 65.2%) resulting in hydrocephalus (73.9%), ventriculitis, and periventricular edema (7/23, 30.4%). Cystectomy was accomplished in 60.9%, usually by removal of a fourth ventricular cyst through a suboccipital craniotomy. Nonresectable cysts were treated medically. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts were inserted in 43.5% (10/23) and failed in four, three from infection. Other complications included surgically induced injuries (4/23, 17.4%) and entrapment of a lateral ventricle (2/23, 8.7%). Despite a common severe early course, 90.9% (20/22) stabilized without recurrence, 15% (3/20) complained of mild-to-moderate neurological complaints, and 15% (3/20) were significantly disabled. Four patients who underwent removal of ventricular cysts without significant other NCC and who received with no cysticidal treatment became CSF cestode antigen negative without recurrence indicating that after successful extraction of cysts, additional cysticidal treatment may not be needed.
Thesleff’s Philological Undermining of Developmentalism

It is not only by direct attack that Thesleff makes developmentalism seem so flimsy an interpretive tool; it is also by firmly establishing a theoretical alternative to developmentalism. In that process, Thesleff gives broad compass to human judgment in matters philological. His Studies in Platonic Chronology (1982)1 is at the same time so rich in theory, and so encyclopedic in its treatment of chronological issues in the Platonic dialogues, ancient sources, and the modern literature that, whether or not one is eventually persuaded to accept Thesleff’s suggested sequence of dialogues (and I am not), any investigator of the chronological controversies will appreciate the results of such comprehensive research. One almost feels the poltroon to treat it critically.
Help! – I was just hired as a new teacher and I have to teach physics!

“I’m starting my first year teaching physics next week. I taught ed-tech last year and was an engineer for some years before that. As of today, I have zero lessons planned. I have made a survey to have my students fill out on the first day, and that is about it. I’ll be teaching both the AP and Basic level Physics.”
Comparison of Standard and Right/Left International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form Scores.

Background:The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) is a validated patient-reported outcome used in clinical research. No studies exist directly comparing the ...
Examining racial and family educational background differences in high school student beliefs and attitudes toward academic performance

This study examined differences across racial groups and class-based factors in student beliefs and attitudes toward grades. The Fishbein and Ajzen theory of reasoned action was used to focus on two potential outcomes of academic performance, going to college and obtaining employment. Using two samples of 9th–12th grade students, one from a suburban school (n = 499) and the other from a career academy program in six urban high schools (n = 602), results showed racial and class-based differences in these attitudes and beliefs. In the suburban sample, Asian American students had a stronger desire for college outcomes than students of other races and, in both samples, expressed the least desire for the employment outcomes. These results were found even after controlling for the effect of parental educational background. Students in both samples whose parents had college degrees believed that doing well in high school would lead to college more strongly than students whose parents had less education. It was also found that the desire to go to college moderated the significant, positive relationship between the instrumentality of grades to college and GPA. Implications of these findings are discussed and avenues for further research arebreakidentified.
Renal neuroendocrine neoplasms: a single-center experience

Abstract Background Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the kidney are exceedingly rare malignancies and the available literature is very limited. The natural history and response to treatments is not well characterized. We aimed to describe the presenting features, demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with renal NENs. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all Mayo Clinic patient records with a tissue diagnosis of a primary renal NEN. Baseline patient and surgical pathologic features and treatment modalities were collected. Time to recurrence after resection and overall survival (OS) were estimated using with survival analysis. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data were used to estimate the population-wide incidence and OS. Results A total of 17 patients were included in the present study, with a median follow-up of 62.8 months. Distant metastasis was present in 29% at diagnosis, with 76% experiencing distant metastasis at any point; 24% had a horseshoe kidney. Of the 17 patients, 14 had undergone surgical resection with no evidence of disease postoperatively. Ten of these patients had documented recurrence. The median time to recurrence was 18 months (95% confidence interval, 9-46 months). Only 1 of the 10 patients showed a radiographic response to systemic therapy. Of 9 patients, 4 had stable disease with somatostatin analogs. The median OS was 143 months (95% confidence interval, 50-143 months). Conclusions Renal NENs are rare malignancies affecting mostly middle-age patients, with distant metastasis being common. Approximately one half of patients experience stable disease with somatostatin analogs. The OS usually exceeds 5 years.
High Throughput Screening

High throughput screening (HTS) is capable of screening large compound libraries for activity with a diverse portfolio of biologically relevant endpoints. In comparison to traditional single-concentration HTS, titration-based quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) is especially useful in toxicology because of its capacity to profile thousands of chemicals in concentration-response format, with greatly reduced rates of false positives and false negatives.
MA-class linear transformer driver for Z -pinch research

A linear transformer driver (LTD) generator capable of delivering up to 0.9 MA current pulses with 160 ns rise time has been assembled and commissioned at University of California San Diego. The machine is an upgrade of the LTD-III pulser from Sandia National Laboratories, consisting of 40 capacitors and 20 spark gap switches, arranged in a 20-brick configuration. The driver was modified with the addition of a new trigger system, active premagnetization of the inductive cores, a vacuum chamber with multiple diagnostic ports, and a vacuum power feed to couple the driver to plasma loads. The new machine is called compact experimental system for $Z$-pinch and ablation research (CESZAR). The driver has a maximum bipolar charge voltage of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}$, but for reliability and testing, and to reduce the risk of damage to components, the machine was operated at $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}60\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}$, producing 550 kA peak currents with a rise time of 170 ns on a 3.5 nH short circuit. While the peak current is scaled down due to the reduced charge voltage, the pulse shape and circuit parameters are close to the results of the cavity and power feed models but suggest a slightly higher inductance than predicted. The machine was then used to drive wire array $Z$-pinch and gas puff $Z$-pinch experiments as initial dynamic plasma loads. The evolution of the wire array $Z$ pinch is consistent with the general knowledge of this kind of experiment, featuring wire ablation and stagnation of the precursor plasma on axis. The gas puff $Z$ pinches were configured as a single, hollow argon gas shell, in preparation for more structured gas puff targets such as multispecies, multishell implosions. The implosion dynamics agree generally with 1D magnetohydrodynamics simulation results, but large zippering and magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities are observed. The CESZAR load region was designed to accommodate many load types to be driven by the machine, which makes it a versatile platform for studying $Z$-pinch plasmas. The completion of the CESZAR driver allows plasma experiments on energy coupling from LTD machines to plasma loads, instability mitigation techniques and magnetic field distributions in $Z$ pinches, and interface dynamics in multispecies implosions.
Evaluation and Prediction under Hierarchical and Bivariate Copula Models for Seat Belt Use Data

Seat belt use is a critical topic to investigate, as a significant number of deaths occur each year due to a lack of seat belt use (Calisir and Lehto, Accid Anal Prev 34:793–805, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00014575(01)00079-3 ; Lerner et al. in Accid Anal Prev 33:659–662, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00014575(00)00080-4 ]. Several model approaches to analyzing seat belt use include beta binomial, generalized estimation equation (GEE) including generalized linear models (GLM), and weighting probability; however, many models show limitations due to the computational challenge, temporal and spatial components, categorical variables or groupings, confounding factors, and design aspects. In this manuscript, we investigated seat belt use in Virginia using novel methods, with comparisons between gender, locations, vehicle type, road classification (road class), and road segment length. Moreover, because of the unbalanced sample categories, classical methods were not appropriate. We proposed two alternatives for such big data analyses, also taking into consideration multilevel models of hierarchical data and a bivariate model with copula dependence under a Gaussian version. The methods we proposed allowed us to predict seat belt use for subsequent years with the prospect of innovative research tools that involved dependence within and between groups in the multilevel context.
Sustained and cumulative impact of an electronic medical record-based alert on a hepatitis C birth cohort screening programme.

The study aimed to assess the effect of an electronic medical record-embedded best practice alert (BPA) on HCV age cohort screening in primary care clinics. HCV testing by primary care physicians was monitored prior and subsequent to the implantation of the BPA. Four intervals of 9 months duration were analysed in detail, including a pre-BPA baseline analysis and three annual post-BPA assessments. Pre- and post-BPA orders consistently followed a power law distribution, characterized by small groups of physicians placing the majority of test orders. Significant correlations were present between the numbers of tests orders by each physician, suggesting that 'high' and 'low' screening performances tended to be physician-specific. Testing rates increased markedly in response to the BPA, resulting in completion of screening in 56.8% (50,468 of 88,914%) of the entire age cohort within less than 3 years. In conclusion, HCV age cohort testing by primary care physicians follows a power-law distribution, with high-performing physicians contributing disproportionately to the overall effort. A simple BPA resulted in a sufficient increase in testing to allow testing of the entire target population within a reasonable time frame.
Ultrathin Ferroelectricity and Its Application in Advanced Logic and Memory Devices

Compared to archetypical perovskites, HfO 2 based ferroelectric materials are process-compatible with advanced CMOS transistors. As a result, they promise to bring ferroelectric technologies into widespread applications. At the same time, ferroelectricity in these materials is also different. In conventional perovskites, the polarization becomes weaker as the thickness is decreased due to ‘size effects’. Balking this conventional trend, our recent work has shown that ferroelectricity in HfO 2 in fact enhances as the thickness goes down. The ferroelectricity can be demonstrated even in a 1 nm film, which is just two-unit cells! Ferroelectric tunnel junction results with 1 nm ferroelectric. In addition, Negative Capacitance transistors have been demonstrated with just 18A thick ferroelectric material - the same thickness of high-dielectric used in today's advanced transistors. These results demonstrate that, unlike conventional ferroelectrics, thickness scaling is not a bottleneck for HfO 2 based ferroelectrics, paving the way for their integration in the most advanced logic and memory devices.
Asymmetry arguments

In the First Meditation, the Cartesian meditator temporarily concludes that he cannot know anything, because he cannot discriminate dreaming from waking while he is dreaming. To resist the meditator’s conclusion, one could deploy an asymmetry argument. Following Bernard Williams (1978), one could argue that even if the meditator cannot discriminate dreaming from waking while dreaming, it does not follow that he cannot do it while awake. In general, asymmetry arguments seek to identify an asymmetry between a bad case that is entertained as a ground for doubt and a good case in which one takes oneself to know something. My aim in this paper is to consider how effective asymmetry arguments are as an anti-skeptical strategy. I conclude that although asymmetry arguments provide an effective response to dreaming skepticism, they fail as a response to brains-in-a-vat skepticism.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

This chapter will review endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the diseases treated along with the goals of treatment. The equipment and supplies needed along with procedure set up will be reviewed and laid out in step by step instructions. Pre, intra and post procedure nursing considerations along with patient discharge instructions and follow up will be reviewed.
Classification and Localization of Low-Frequency DAS Strain Rate Patterns with Convolutional Neural Networks

Summary Classification and Localization of Low-frequency DAS Strain Rate Patterns with Convolutional Neural Networks
Hierarchical, Parallel and Systolic Array Processing

Many signal processing algorithms are highly regular, data-independent, and access the data in fixed patterns. For these reasons the current technological advances in very large scale integrated circuits hold especially great promise for signal processing, and in fact we now see the development of many highly integrated processors of a more or less specialized nature. At one end of the spectrum, we see programmable signal processing chips that are really microprocessors, with program, memory and logic separated as in a general purpose machine. At the other extreme, we see highly-specialized, custom chips that perform fixed tasks; typically the data moves through the chip along fixed, regular paths, the arithmetic logic is distributed in space, and the “program” is really “hard-wired” into the topology. This talk is devoted to a study of this latter, custom variety of architecture.
Set2 mediated H3 lysine 36 methylation: regulation of transcription elongation and implications in organismal development

Set2 is a RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) associated histone methyltransferase involved in the co-transcriptional methylation of the H3 K36 residue (H3K36me). It is responsible for multiple degrees of methylation (mono-, di-, tri-), each of which has a distinct functional consequence. The extent of methylation and its genomic distribution is determined by different factors that co-ordinate to achieve a functional outcome. In yeast, the Set2-mediated H3K36me is involved in suppressing histone exchange, preventing hyperacetylation and promoting maintenance of well-spaced chromatin structure over the coding regions. In metazoans, separation of this enzymatic activity affords greater functional diversity extending beyond the control of transcription elongation to developmental gene regulation. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the Set2 distribution and function, and discusses the role played by H3 K36 methyl mark in organismal development.
Adult height and incidence of cancer in male physicians (United States)

Adult height has been found in some but not all studies to be associated positively with overall cancer incidence as well as several site-specific cancers. The Physicians' Health Study (PHS), a randomized trial of beta-carotene and aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease in men, provided an opportunity to examine the association between height and total malignant neoplasms (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), as well as site-specific cancers including prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. The PHS is comprised of 22,071 US male physicians in the United States, a population homogeneous for adult socioeconomic status, aged 40 to 84 years in 1982. Participants were classified into five height categories at study entry. After an average follow-up of over 12 years, there were 2,566 cases of incident total malignant neoplasms, including 1,047 prostate, 341 colorectal, and 170 lung cancer cases. Height was associated positively with both total malignant neoplasms and prostate cancer. Compared with men in the shortest category(≤ 67 inches), relative risks and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI)for total malignant neoplasms for men whose height (in inches) was 68-69,70-71, 72, and 73+ were, respectively: 1.13 (CI = 0.99-1.28), 1.15 (CI =1.02-1.30), 1.29 (CI = 1.12-1.49), and 1.21 (CI = 1.05-1.39), P trend 0.001,adjusted for age, randomized treatment assignments, body mass index (wt/ht2), cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and exercise frequency. For prostatecancer, the corresponding RR values were 1.23 (CI = 1.00-1.51), 1.26 (CI =1.04-1.54), 1.59 (CI = 1.27-1.98), and 1.26 (CI = 1.00-1.59), P trend 0.005.For colorectal cancer, in some but not all height categories compared with the shortest, there were elevated RRs without a significant linear trend: RR= 1.51 (CI = 1.06-2.14), 1.14 (CI = 0.80-1.62), 1.19 (CI = 0.79-1.80), and1.53 (CI = 1.04-2.25), P trend 0.23. In contrast, there was no evidence of an association of height with lung cancer. These data indicate a positive association between height and risk of total malignant neoplasms, as well as of prostate cancer and, possibly, colorectal cancer.
The Core of the Virgo Cluster

We are now extending the CfA Redshift Survey (e.g. see Huchra et al. 1983) to cover a large area of the sky and to reach fainter limits. One of the logical first steps was a more detailed study of the core of the Virgo cluster. Although it is not terribly rich, the Virgo cluster is several times nearer than any other rich cluster in the northern celestial hemisphere. Thus it is well suited for studies of the faint end of the cluster luminosity function. In addition, its internal dynamics are of great interest in x-ray studies, and for the determination of the mean mass density of the cluster and the mean mass-to-light ratio for cluster galaxies. The Virgo cluster also plays an important role in the determination of the Hubble constant, due to its distortion of the local Hubble flow and the use of cluster members as calibrators of the tertiary distance indicators. Because of its unique position as the core of our own Supercluster, the Virgo cluster has been the subject of many previous studies (e.g. Sulentic 1977, Sandage and Tammann 1976, de Vaucouleurs and de Vaucouleurs 1973, Kraan-Korteweg 1982, and Eastmond 1977). Most of these used substantially fewer velocities than the present study.
Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Generic Forward-Swept-Wing Aircraft

Low-speed wind-tunnel tests were performed on a generic forward-swept-wing aircraft model in the 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel (No. 2) at Ames Research Center. The effects of various configurational changes and control-surface deflections on the performance of the model were measured. Six-component force measurements were augmented by flow-visualization photographs, using both surface oil-flow and tufts. It was found that the tendency toward premature root separation on the forward-swept wing could be reduced by use of either canards or leading-edge wing strakes and that differential canard deflections can be used to produce a direct side-force control.