cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a target cell antigen recognized by nonspecific cytotoxic cells using an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody.

Abstract Nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) are the teleost equivalent of mammalian natural killer (NK) cells. In the present study an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb 7D12) was generated against idiotopes on an mAb (mAb 6D3.2) that recognizes a putative receptor on NCC. The idiotypic specificity of mAb 7D12 was determined in competition assays by incubating biotinylated mAb 7D12 with mAb 6D3.2 hybridoma cells following preincubation with combinations of biotinylated 7D12 with either nonbiotinylated homologous or heterologous mAb. The ligand recognized by mAb 7D12 (determined by flow cytometry) was found on cells from the anterior kidney, spleen, thymus, PBL, liver, and brain. NCC lysis of IM-9 targets was inhibited 76% following preincubation of the target cells with different concentrations of mAb 7D12. The involvement of the ligand recognized by mAb 7D12 in the NCC lytic cycle was determined by showing that this mAb produced 50% inhibition of NCC conjugate formation with NC-37 target cells. Biochemical analysis using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed that mAb 7D12 recognized 54 and 65 M r proteins in IM-9 target cell lysates. These studies demonstrated that an idiotope on a NCC specific anti-receptor mAb was an “internal image” of a target cell ligand. The anti-id mAb generated against this image (idiotope) inhibited NCC cytotoxicity and thus was equivalent to an NCC receptor that binds to a target cell ligand involved in NCC recognition.
Rice variety differences in dry matter and nitrogen accumulation as related to plant stature and maturity group

Abstract Differences in nitrogen (N) use by different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been reported by numerous researchers. Some have indicated that N fertilization required for maximum yield differs between modern varieties and old varieties (varieties no longer in production); others have suggested that among modern varieties, semidwarf varieties require higher N rates than taller varieties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences in dry matter and N accumulation among modern long‐grain varieties in relation to plant stature (tall versus semidwarf) and maturity group (early versus very early), and to compare old varieties and modern varieties. A greenhouse pot experiment with Crowley silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Albaqualf) was conducted to compare old and modern long‐grain varieties at 52 days after sowing. Based on the results of the pot experiment, three varieties each from six variety groups (old varieties, modern medium‐grain varieties, and four groups...
The Roentgenology of Gastro-Intestinal Tuberculosis

was almost as easy to get consents for thoracoplasty as for artificial pneumothorax; but in 1930 it was difficult to persuade the patient to have a thoracoplastic operation. Of course, many an ineffective pneumothorax with adhesions can be made effective by means of internal pneumonolysis. If there is any doubt as to whether the adhesions can be cut, the patient should receive the benefit of that doubt by a thoracoscopic examination. If the pneumothorax cannot be made effective, it should be abandoned. If the patient survives serious complications, more radical thoracic surgery is indicated. In this survey a great number of patients were in such critical condition that surgical intervention was contra-indicated. But in most of those cases where internal pneumonolysis or some other form of surgery was performed, the patients were able to pass the 3 or 4 year mark from the onset of pneumothorax. Even though the pneumothorax was ineffective at first, it paved the way for further treatment. Many patients have bilateral cavitations and require bilateral pneumothorax. Sometimes a contralateral lesion develops during the successful pneumothorax treatment of one lung and the patient will then require bilateral pneumothorax. It is advisable to get a fairly effective collapse on one side before attempting the other side, even if you must resort to a pneumonolysis. However, if one side is effective and the other side is ineffective, here again, the ineffective pneumothorax should be abandoned for some other form of collapse therapy, provided the patient's condition warrants it. Although pneumothorax therapy is a very effective means of combating pulmonary tuberculosis, it has its limitations. The medical profession must be prepared for all the new modern methods of treatment as soon as they are introduced.
A new type of waveguide rotary switch

This note describes a new type of rotary waveguide switch which is capable of switching two receivers or two transmitters alternately to one aerial with a minimum of changeover time in the switching cycle. The switch is capable of high-speed operation and is particularly suitable for short centimetric wavelengths.
Dental health needs of children and adolescents.

Dental experts testified that total health care for children must include dental health care. Recommendations were made to the panel to deal with the reports that half of all school age children have some form of malocclusion and gingival disease and that dental caries is the most common dental disease in the United States and the primary cause of tooth loss.
STYLISTIC FACTORS IN LEARNING AND RETENTION

The purposes of this investigation were, first, to determine the extent of individual consistency in the tendencies to err either by omission or commission in tasks requiring learning and retention, and, secondly, to determine the relationship between any such consistent tendencies and relevant cognitive, personality, and ability variables. A battery of 26 tests from which 86 variables were generated was administered to 147 college students, 70 men and 77 women, by individual and group testing. Information concerning scholastic ability and achievement, as well as control measures of socioeconomic status and seating position in the testing room, were included in the analysis. The 86 variables were intercorrelated, and 44 were factor analyzed by the method of principal components. Thirteen obtained factors were rotated to oblique simple structure by the Promax method plus three visual rotations. Loadings for the remaining 42 variables were determined by extension methods. Thirteen first order factors and four second order were then cast into a Schmid-Leiman hierarchical solution. Four first order factors were interpreted as representing error styles in learning and retention. The clearest stylistic factor obtained at this level, Factor V, was characterized by omission tendencies in span memory for primarily numerical stimuli. Other stylistic factors were interpreted as commission tendencies in connected discourse, Factor IV; omission tendencies
A rapid method for preparation of nuclear membranes from mammalian cells.

Abstract A simple, rapid procedure for disrupting nuclei of mammalian cells has been characterized. This procedure involves treating isolated nuclear suspensions with the natural polyanion heparin in 0.125 m sucrose buffered between pH 7.0 and 8.0. The rate and extent of nuclear lysis are dependent upon the ratio of nuclei concentration to heparin concentration. This procedure avoids use of intense mechanical disruption, enzymatic digestion, and high salt concentrations for achieving optimum lysis of the nuclei. This method can also be used for large-scale nuclear membrane preparations.
Identification of carboxypeptidase H transcripts by antisense RNA.

Abstract Carboxypeptidase H is a metallopeptidase involved in the processing of neuropeptide precursors and prohormones. In this study, northern analysis with antisense CPH RNA as probe detected the presence of three CPH mRNA transcripts of 2.2, 2.6, and 5.9 kb that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in several species. Specifically, mouse brain and the mouse AtT-20 corticotroph cell line possess all three transcripts, but mouse pituitary and adrenal possess the 2.2 kb CPH mRNA as the main form. In bovine, the 5.9 kb CPH mRNA was detected in adrenal medulla, but not in pituitary; whereas, both of these bovine tissues possess the 2.2 kb form. Also, in rat brain, adrenal, heart, and pituitary, the 5.9 kb form was detected mainly in brain, and the 2.6 kb form was most abundant in pituitary; all rat tissues examined possessed the 2.2 kb form. Additional evidence for the existence of the largest CPH transcript was provided from a bovine adrenal medulla cDNA library by in vitro transcription of total library phage DNA, followed by analysis of resultant RNAs by Northern blot. It will be important in future studies to define the structural similarities and differences among these multiple CPH mRNA transcripts that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
Unexpected behavior in the Cretaceous: tooth-marked bones attributable to tyrannosaur play

Attributing behavior in extinct animals is predicated on identification of anatomy or pathology analogous to that present and recognized in contemporary animals (Rothschild & Martin 2006). While Ta...
Completion of the Last Half of the Structure of the Human Gene for the Proα1 (I) Chain of Type I Procollagen (COL1A1)

The nucleotide sequences of the 3'-half of the human gene for the pro alpha(I) chain of type I procollagen (COL1A1) is presented. The results provide the nucleotide sequences for 26 introns not previously analyzed. The sequences that are presented, together with those previously published, make it possible to design primers for the polymerase chain reaction for amplifying and sequencing the gene. The availability of such primers will greatly facilitate the current search for mutations that can cause common and rare diseases of connective tissue.
Meeting Multicultural Needs in School Libraries: An Examination of Mexican Migrant Families and Factors That Influence Academic Success

ABSTRACT The children of Mexican migrants face a number of hardships and difficulties that greatly hamper their ability to succeed in American schools. This paper examines some of the major difficulties and suggests multicultural programs that school librarians can implement in order to help migrant children achieve academic success.
Hemorrhagic Shock Due to Spontaneous Pectoral Hematoma Associated with Anticoagulation Therapy

A 78-year-old male with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, on warfarin and aspirin, presented after a syncopal episode. While sitting, he suddenly felt lightheaded and passed out. Exam was notable for a blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg, heart rate of 110 beats/min, and a large ecchymosis across his anterior chest (Fig. 1). There was no history of fall or trauma. Labs revealed a hemoglobin level of 4.2 g/dL and INR 7.8. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated bilateral pectoral hematomas (Fig. 2). The patient’s hemodynamic status improved with fluids, blood transfusions and reversal of anticoagulation. Warfarin was discontinued on discharge.
Test for Alfvén Wave Signatures in a Solar Coronal Hole

Using spectral line observations to study minor ion motions in a solar coronal hole, a test was made for the presence of Alfven waves. From this we conclude that the Alfven wave flux into the upper portion of the hole is not significant. The SOHO/SUMER ultraviolet spectrograph was used to observe 22 coronal ions with masses ranging from 14mH to 56mH and charge states ranging from +4 to +11. The line widths of 33 vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lines radiated by these ions were measured off-limb in a coronal hole at heights between 1.02 and 1.3 solar radii (R☉), and the height dependencies of sufficiently intense lines were measured to test for the increase of width with height expected for undamped Alfven wave propagation. Line widths from ions formed at coronal hole temperatures were found to increase with height to 1.1 R☉ and were constant for greater heights. If this line broadening is a manifestation of Alfven wave propagation, the waves are strongly damped above 1.1 R☉. Consequently, another mechanism must transport energy to the solar wind acceleration region. In addition, the observed dependence of line-of-sight ion speed squared on the reciprocal of the mass indicates that there is not a common nonthermal velocity if there is a common ion temperature. This suggests that Alfven waves do not cause the anomalously large effective temperatures measured.
Le mécanisme moléculaire de l'invasion cellulaire par Yersinia pseudotuberculosis par interaction de l'invasine et de l'intégrine

Des bacteries pathogenes ont adopte des strategies de survie chez leur hote vivant, en produisant des facteurs d'adhesion qui medient une association etroite avec les cellules hotes et leur internalisation. L'invasine, proteine multimerique de Y pseudotuberculosis , permet l'invasion de ce microorganisme, par l'intermediaire de sa liaison avec un sous-ensemble de recepteurs de l'integrine β1 de la cellule eucaryote. Nous presentons ici des modeles complementaires illustrant le mecanisme moleculaire et cellulaire de la penetration de Yersinia , mediee par l'invasine, dans les cellules de mammiferes.
A quantitative study of the calcination and sintering of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and its flexural strength properties

Abstract We performed a quantitative study of the calcination and sintering of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) using the Rietveld refinement technique. Previously, we developed a sol–gel technique to synthesize 5–15 nm anatase powder. Here, we performed a quantitative analysis to study the phase evolution during calcination (400 and 800 °C) and the crystal structure after sintering (1400 and 1500 °C). TiO 2 nanopowder was obtained by hydrolyzing titanium tetraisopropoxide in a mixture of isopropanol and deionized water, after calcination at 400 °C. Additionally, the powder was cold die compacted and sintered at 1200–1600 °C, to study the biaxial flexural strength and microstructure as a function of sintering temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction technique was used for phase analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used for microstructural analysis. Rietveld refinement, performed using GSAS software, provided accurate quantitative analysis. Grain size and density increased with increasing sintering temperature. Biaxial flexural tests, performed as per ASTM F-394 with some adaptation, demonstrated a maximum strength of 127.6 MPa in specimens sintered at 1500 °C.
The Civic Education Crusade: A Heretic’s Analysis

In January 2012, the National Task Force on Civic Learning and National Engagement of the Association of American Universities and Colleges released its report, A Crucible Moment: College Learning and Democracy’s Future . The report called for a program of civic learning and of training in civic engagement that would pervade every aspect of higher education. This programwould be linked to similar efforts at all other levels of schooling. In the words of the report, “[t]he central work of advancing civic learning and democratic engagement in higher education must, of course, be done by faculty members across disciplines, by student affairs professionals across divisions, and by administrators in every school and at every level. The fourth prominent group of actors are the students themselves [bold in the original]. The collective work of these groups should be guided by a shared sense that civic knowledge and democratic engagement, in concert with others and in the face of contestation, are absolutely vital to the quality of intellectual inquiry itself, to this nation’s future, and to preparation for life in a diverse world” (p. 2). It called for fostering “a civic ethos across all parts of campus and educational culture” (p. 31) (See: http://www.aacu.org/civic_learning/ crucible/documents/crucible_508F.pdf). Although the report was not particularly original or wellwritten, I read it with interest for several reasons. First, I am one of those “faculty members”mentioned in the report, and I always pay attention when people want to re-write my job description. Second, I work in a university in which “civic engagement” became the official dogma a half-decade ago . Third, I recently published a book on education as American civil religion and I see the contemporary civic engagement movement as an extension of our national educational faith. In the present essay, I want to pass over the personal sources of interest and focus on the third. Looking at the effort to use instruction for citizenship training as a development of civil religion can help us understand the reasoning and motivations behind this effort and some of the problems with this type of campaign, particularly in higher education.
Excluded volume for polydisperse spheroplatelets

Abstract Mulder's derivation of the excluded volume between a pair of identical biaxial spheroplatelets is extended to the case of non-identical particles. This result will be useful in the application of scaled particle theory to the monodisperse spheroplatelet fluid or in the study of a bidisperse spherocylinder—‘square’ spheroplatelet fluid mixture or a generally polydisperse spheroplatelet fluid.
Linking Cognition and Behavior: A Script Processing Interpretation of Vicarious Learning

Vicarious learning and modeling are important processes in the acquisition, development, and alteration of behavior in organizations. The authors argue that a primary basis for vicarious learning is a cognitively held “script” on the part of the observer of a model. A script is a procedural knowledge structure or schema for understanding and enacting behaviors. The close parallels are drawn between scripts and vicarious learning as vehicles for both understanding and influencing organizational behavior.
Sterols of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate, pfiesteria piscicida (dinophyceae): is there a lipid biomarker?1

Within U.S. waters, blooms of the dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, have been recorded on an almost regular basis in the Chesapeake Bay and surrounding mid-Atlantic regions for the last two decades. Despite the apparent significance of such blooms to the environment and human health and the attendant economic consequences, little work has addressed the physiology and biochemistry, particularly that of sterol composition, of P. piscicida. GC-MS characterization of trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of sterols from free sterol and sterol ester fractions was performed in an effort to determine whether P. piscicida produces unique sterols that may serve as potential biomarkers. This characterization revealed that like most dinoflagellates, the majority of sterols was present as free sterols. Furthermore, the profile of free sterols was found to resemble those of photosynthetic dinoflagellates, with the dominant compound being the previously reported dinoflagellate sterol, dinosterol. A number of other 4a-methyl-substituted sterols and steroidal ketones common to other dinoflagellates were also identified. No strong candidate(s) for a unique sterol biomarker was present.
EFFECT OF PREMIX CONDITION, SURFACTANT CONCENTRATION, AND OIL LEVEL ON THE FORMATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS BY HOMOGENIZATION

Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared on a homogenizer from good premixes and poor premixes. The quality of the emulsions was determined by measuring the droplet size distribution using spectroturbidimetry. A good premix to the homogenizer produces a better emulsion than a poor premix. Premix conditions become less important when the concentration of emulsifier is increased in relation to the amount of oil. Increasing oil concentration results in a poorer final emulsion. Large amounts of emulsifier negate the advantage of using the homogenizer, but greater mechanical energy input can compensate for reduced emulsifier concentration, a cost saving when formulating an emulsion.
Does anthocyanin affect outcrossing rates in Datura Stramonium (Solanaceae)

In this paper, I investigate whether the presence or absence of anthocyanin is neutral with respect to reproduction in Datura stramoniu7n. The observations concern the portion of the life cycle spanning pollination to germination. Pollinators do not appear to distinguish between floral morphs, as revealed by nonbiased distribution of fluorescent powder used as a pollen analogue. Pollen-tube growth is also equal for the two morphs. Seed germination is affected by the presence of anthocyanin, but apparently only by the genotype of the mother at the anthocyanin locus, and not by the genotype of the embryo itself. In addition, there was an interaction between maternal morph and the maternal source population, with seeds from high-elevation anthocyanin-producing mothers germinating most rapidly and seeds from low-elevation anthocyaninproducing mothers germinating most slowly in a common garden at low elevation. However, because germination of anthocyanin-producing and anthocyaninless progeny proceed equally quickly, the anthocyanin marker provides unbiased estimates of outcrossing rates. The results overall support the use of anthocyanin as a neutral marker, with the alternate phenotypes unlikely to be differentially impacted by the processes of pollination, pollen-tube growth, and germination. Fluctuating selection on conditions for dormancy release may be partially responsible for the maintenance of the anthocyanin polymorphism in Datura stramonium.
Hydraulic redistribution by a dominant, warm‐desert phreatophyte: seasonal patterns and response to precipitation pulses

Summary 1Hydraulic redistribution may have important consequences for ecosystem water balance where plant root systems span large gradients in soil water potential. To assess seasonal patterns of hydraulic redistribution, we measured the direction and rate of sap flow in tap-roots, lateral roots and main stems of three mature Prosopis velutina Woot. trees occurring on a floodplain terrace in semiarid south-eastern Arizona, USA. Sap-flow measurements on two of the trees were initiated before the end of the winter dormancy period, prior to leaf flush. 2Despite the absence of crown transpiration during the dormant season, sap flow was detected in lateral roots and tap-roots of P. velutina. Reverse flow (away from the stem) in the lateral root and positive flow (towards the stem) in the tap-root was observed in one tree, indicating the presence of hydraulic lift. Conversely, reverse flow in the tap-root and positive flow in the lateral root was observed in the second tree, indicating hydraulic descent. 3Hydraulic descent was induced in the roots of the former tree by wetting the rooting zone in the upper 70 cm of the soil surface with 50 mm of irrigation. 4Patterns and rates of nocturnal sap flow in roots of a third tree measured during the growing season were similar to those observed during the dormant season. Nocturnal reverse flow in the lateral root and positive flow in the tap-root was observed prior to the onset of the summer monsoon. Hydraulic descent commenced immediately following the first large monsoon rain event, and continued after subsequent rain events. After adjusting for differences in sapwood area, maximum diurnal rates of hydraulic descent in the tap-roots of trees instrumented during the dormant season were 73 and 69% of the maximum night-time rate of hydraulic descent observed during the growing season. 5Despite very limited potential for direct infiltration, volumetric soil moisture content in deep soil layers (1·5–9·5 m) increased 2–8% by the end of the monsoon (late September), indicating that plant roots were redistributing non-trivial amounts of water to deep soil layers. 6Roots of P. velutina apparently redistribute significant amounts of soil water during the growing season, but also during periods of crown dormancy in winter. In arid regions dormant-season hydraulic descent may buffer plants from water and nutrient deficits during initial stages of the growing season by transferring soil water derived from winter precipitation to deep soil layers and away from zones of evaporation in surface layers and shallow-rooted herbaceous plants.
Molecular pathology of thyroid cancer: diagnostic and clinical implications

There is now a reasonably good understanding of the key oncogenic events involved in the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer. Many of these are characteristic of certain tumor types, and their presence conveys diagnostic and prognostic information. It is not yet clear how this information will be applied to clinical practice. Based on preclinical evidence, mutations of genes encoding certain kinases may also predict response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, although this has not yet been explored systematically in clinical trials.
Multiplicative-error bound for balanced stochastic truncation model reduction

The multiplicative error for the balanced stochastic truncation model reduction method is discussed and an H/sub infinity / norm error bound is presented. The result, together with a previous result of the authors (Syst. Contr. Lett., vol.14, p.307-14, 1990), establishes that the same error bound applies to the relative error and the multiplicative error. >
Informatics innovation in clinical care: A visionary scenario for dentistry.

Health information technology (HIT) is one of the most significant developments in health care in recent years. However, there is still a large gap between how HIT could support clinical work versus how it does. In this project, we developed a visionary scenario to identify opportunities for improving patient care in dentistry. In the scenario, patients and care providers are supported by a ubiquitous, embedded computing infrastructure that captures and processes data streams from multiple sources. Practical decision support, as well as automated background data processing (e.g., to screen for common conditions), helps clinicians provide quality care. A holistic view of clinical information technology (IT) focuses on supporting clinicians and patients in a user-centered manner. While clinical IT is still in very much a work in progress, scenarios such as the one presented may be helpful to keep us focused on the possibilities of tomorrow, not on the limitations of today.
MethPrimer: designing primers for methylation PCRs

Motivation: DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Bisulfite- conversion-based PCR methods, such as bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and methylation specific PCR (MSP), remain the most commonly used techniques for methylation mapping. Existing primer design programs developed for standard PCR cannot handle primer design for bisulfite-conversion-based PCRs due to changes in DNA sequence context caused by bisulfite treatment and many special constraints both on the primers and the region to be amplified for such experiments. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop a program for such applications. Results: MethPrimer, based on Primer3, is a program for designing PCR primers for methylation mapping. It first takes a DNA sequence as its input and searches the sequence for potential CpG islands. Primers are then picked around the predicted CpG islands or around regions specified by users. MethPrimer can design primers for BSP and MSP. Results of primer selection are delivered through a web browser in text and in graphic view. Availability: MethPrimer is freely accessible at the following Web address http://itsa.ucsf.edu/∼urolab/methprimer
Pyrite and phosphate in anoxia and an origin-of-life hypothesis

The metal-sulfide pyrite (FeS2) plays a key role in the elaborate origin-of-life hypothesis presented by Wachtershauser [G. Wachtershauser, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 200–204]. It is envisaged that the in-situ formed, positively charged pyrite was electrostatically concentrating the de novo synthesized prebiotic anionic organic molecules in statu nascendi. Here we show that anionic phosphate and phosphorylated organic molecules (5′-Adenosine Mono Phosphate and Phosphoglyceric Acid) interact with pyrite, regardless of whether the overall surface charge is positive or negative. We demonstrate that aqueous Fe2+ metal ion, H2S and S2O2−3 influence the interaction of phosphate with pyrite. Phosphate itself controls the interaction of Adenosine (Ade) and 5′-AMP with pyrite. 5′-AMP interacts via its phosphate functional group with pyrite surfaces. The reported experiments illustrate the intermediary role of phosphate between pyrite mineral surfaces and aqueous organic molecules. We suggest here that, on a prebiotic Earth, phosphate could have been concentrated on metal-sulfide minerals, which in turn were selectively concentrating organic molecules, favoring phosphorylated compounds.
Changes in transfusion therapy and reexploration rate after institution of a blood management program in cardiac surgical patients

A retrospective study was performed to determine the impact of a coagulation and transfusion management program on blood utilization in 1,079 sequential patients for myocardial revascularization and open ventricle or combined procedures. Four hundred and eighty-eight patients (group 1) before, and 591 patients (group 2) after institution of thromboelastography (TEG)-guided coagulation were studied and compared for transfusion requirements, donor exposure, and the incidence of reoperation for hemorrhage. Group 2 patients had a significantly lower incidence of overall transfusion (78.5% v 86.3%) during hospitalization and in total transfusion in the operating room (57.9% v 66.4%). The incidence of each transfusion subtype was also significantly lower in group 2 patients. Actual total median donor exposure was 8 in group 1 patients and 6 exposures in group 2 patients. Mediastinal reexploration for hemorrhage was 5.7% before institution of TEG-based coagulation monitoring and 1.5% in TEG-monitored patients. Use of TEG monitoring before reexploration has decreased the cost and potential risk for patients undergoing CABG surgery.
Academic Success Factors: An IT Student Perspective

The detailed results for the two surveys are presented and discussed. Recommendations are made for institutions and faculty based on the results obtained.
The development of past tense verbal morphology in classroom L2 Spanish

Previous research (e.g. Andersen 1986, 1991; Bardovi-Harlig and Bergstrom 1996; Robison 1990, 1995) has shown that the development of aspectual distinctions (inflectional morphology) among adult second language learners is associated with lexical aspect. The present study analyzed the development of Past tense verbal morphology in L2 Spanish among 20 college-level L1 English students. Four native speakers acted as a control group. The study was based on the analysis of oral movie narratives collected at two different times two months apart. The results of the study show that the lexical aspectual semantics of the verb phrase have an increasing influence on the selection of verbal endings throughout development of the L2. In contrast, for the lowest-level learners represented in this study the effect of lexical aspect is minimal compared to the effect of tense contrasts.
Effects of aureomycin and P32 on growth of young rats.

Summary1. One group of rats (D), maintained on a Purina fox-checkers diet, ad libitum, injected with 2 μc/g P32 at age 26 days, exhibited weight gain retardation of about 20% compared to a control group (A). 2. Another group of rats (C), injected with 2 μc/g P32 at age 26 days, but fed ground fox-checkers supplemented with 2 mg aureomycin per gram of feed showed no persistent retardation of weight gain, and ultimately attained normal weight. 3. A fourth group of rats (B), fed fox-checkers supplemented with the same quantity of aureomycin, showed initial increase of weight gain; final weight did not differ significantly from the controls. 4. The ratio of weight gain to tibial length increase was the same for rats which received P32 (Group D) and the controls (Group A). P32 (2 μc/g given at 26 days) did not selectively inhibit bone growth. 5. Addition of aureomycin to the diet resulted in an increased ratio of weight gain to tibial length increase compared to the control group (A). Aureomycin (at 2 mg per g...
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HETEROKARYOTIC AND VEGETATIVE DIPLOID PHASES OF MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA

The heterokaryotic and vegetative diploid phases of Magnaporthe grisea, a fungal pathogen of grasses, have been characterized. Prototrophic heterokaryons form when complementary auxotrophs are paired on minimal medium. Hyphal tip cells and conidia (vegetative spores) taken from these heterokaryons are auxotrophs with phenotypes identical to one or the other of the parents. M. grisea heterokaryons thus resemble those of other fungi that have completely septate hyphae with a single nucleus per cell. Heterokaryons have been utilized for complementation and dominance testing of mutations that affect nutritional characteristics of the fungus. Heterokaryons growing on minimal medium spontaneously give rise to fast-growing sectors that have the genetic properties expected of unstable heterozygous diploids. In fast-growing sectors, most hyphal tip cells are unstable prototrophs. The conidia collected from fast-growing sectors include stable and unstable prototrophs, as well as auxotrophs that exhibit a wide range of phenotypes, including many recombinant classes. Genetic linkage in meiosis has been detected between two auxotrophic mutations that recombine in vegetatively growing unstable diploids. The appearance of recombinants suggests that homologous recombination occurs during vegetative growth of M. grisea. No interstrain barriers to heterokaryosis and diploid formation have been detected. The mating type of the strains that are paired does not influence the formation of heterokaryons or diploids.
Effectiveness and Safety of Topical versus Oral Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Comprehensive Review

AbstractIntroduction: Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a relatively recent alternative to oral NSAIDs. Topical NSAIDs are designed to target their therapeutic effect locally to damaged tissue while minimizing systemic exposure. To better inform patients considering topical NSAIDs as an alternative to oral NSAIDs, this is the first comprehensive review to present all available evidence comparing topical NSAIDs with oral NSAIDs in the treatment of both acute and chronic musculoskeletal injury. Methods: Six studies, including 600 subjects, compared the use of topical versus oral NSAIDs in the treatment of a variety of acute injuries. Nine trials, including 2403 subjects, studied topical versus oral NSAIDs for chronic injury treatment, almost exclusively for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. This review included all available comparative studies, the majority of which were well-designed, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trials. Relevant meta-analyses were also reviewed. Results: ...
Solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer: a search for nonlinear deterministic dynamics

The potential use of a nonlinear deterministic framework for understanding the dynamic nature of solute transport processes in subsurface formations is investigated. Time series of solute particle transport in a heterogeneous aquifer medium, simulated using an integrated probability/Markov chain (TP/MC) model, groundwater flow model, and particle transport model, are studied. The correlation dimension method, a popular nonlinear time series analysis technique, is used to identify nonlinear determinism. Sensitivity of the solute transport dynamics to the four hydrostratigraphic parameters involved in the TP/MC model: (1) number of facies; (2) volume proportions of facies; (3) mean lengths (and thereby anisotropy ratio of mean length) of facies; and (4) juxtapositional tendencies (i.e. degree of entropy) among the facies is also studied. The western San Joaquin Valley aquifer system in California is considered as a reference system. The results indicate, in general, the nonlinear deterministic nature of solute transport dynamics (dominantly governed by only a very few variables, on the order of 3), even though more complex behavior is possible under certain (extreme) hydrostratigraphic conditions. The sensitivity analysis reveals: (1) the importance of the hydrostratigraphic parameters (in particular, volume proportions of facies and mean lengths) in representing aquifer heterogeneity; and (2) the ability of the correlation dimension method in capturing the (extent of) complexity of the underlying dynamics. Verification and confirmation of the present results through use of other nonlinear deterministic techniques and assessment of their reliability for a wide range of solute transport scenarios are recommended.
Implementation of a low power decimation filter using 1/3-band IIR filter

This paper presents a unique design and implementation of a low power decimation filter. The designed decimation filter architecture shows how the 1/3-band IIR filter and a poly-phase half-band FIR filter are used multirate multistage signal processing. The 1/3-band IIR filter is realized using six first order all-pass filters. Each filter stage is simulated using Matlab and, the complete architecture of the decimation filter is captured using Simulink and a DSP blockset. The hardware realization of the decimation filter is obtained using FPGA Xilinx technology. The designed decimation filter reduces the hardware by 59% and the power dissipation by 34% compared to conventional decimation filters.
Effects of injected methylmercury on the hatching of common loon ( Gavia immer ) eggs

To determine the level of in ovo methylmercury (MeHg) exposure that results in detrimental effects on fitness and survival of loon embryos and hatched chicks, we conducted a field study in which we injected eggs with various doses of MeHg on day 4 of incubation. Eggs were collected following about 23 days of natural incubation and artificially incubated to observe hatching. Reduced embryo survival was evident in eggs injected at a rate of ≥1.3 μg Hg/g wet-mass. When maternally deposited Hg and injected Hg were considered together, the median lethal concentration of Hg (LC50) was estimated to be 1.78 μg Hg/g wet-mass. Organ mass patterns from eggs of chicks injected at a rate of 2.9 μg Hg/g differed from that of controls and chicks from the 0.5 μg Hg/g treatment, largely related to a negative relation between yolk sac mass and egg mercury concentration. Chicks from eggs in the 2.9 μg Hg/g treatment were also less responsive to a frightening stimulus than controls and chicks from the 0.5 μg Hg/g treatment. We also found that the length of incubation period increased with increasing egg mercury concentration. Tissue Hg concentrations were strongly associated (r2 ≥ 0.80) with egg Hg concentration.
Differences in pectoral fin spine morphology between vocal and silent clades of catfishes (Order Siluriformes): Ecomorphological implications

Stridulatory sound-producing behavior is widespread across catfish families, but some are silent. To understand why, we compared spine morphology and ecotype of silent and vocal clades. We determined vocal ability of laboratory specimens dur- ing disturbance behavior. Vocal families had bony (not flexible or segmented) spines, well-developed anterior and/or posterior serrations, and statistically significantly longer spines. We compared morphology of the proximal end of the pectoral spine be- tween vocal and silent species. For vocal taxa, microscopic rounded or bladed ridges or knobs were present on the dorsal process. Most silent species had reduced processes with exclusively smooth, convoluted, or honeycombed surfaces very similar to spine-locking surfaces, or they had novel surfaces (beaded, vacuolated, cobwebbed). Most callichthyids had ridges but many were silent during disturbance. All doradid, most auchenipterid and most mochokid species were vocal and had ridges or knobs. Within the Auchenipteridae, vocal species had spines with greater weight and serration development but not length. Silent auchenipterids had thin, brittle, distally segmented spines with few microscopic serrations on only one margin and a highly re- duced dorsal process lacking any known vocal morphology. Silent auchenipterids are derived and pelagic, while all vocal genera are basal and benthopelagic. This is the first phylogenetic evidence for stridulation mechanism loss within catfishes. Phylogenetic mapping of vocal ability, spine condition, and ecotype revealed the repeated presence of silence and vocal taxa, short and long spines, and ecotype shifts within clades. The appearance and loss of vocal behavior and supporting morphologies may have fa- cilitated diversification among catfishes (Current Zoology 56 (1): 73-89 2010).
Developing students' testing skills: covering space: nifty assignment

This paper describes the third of a series of activities given to first semester computing students to help them develop skills in testing the systems they build
The effects of ASEA on recovery from a single bout of resistance training and subsequent performance

Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the feeling of discomfort within the skeletal muscle occurring after a bout of unaccustomed exercise. In an attempt to recover quicker from the effects of DOMS, many individuals turn to supplements and recovery beverages. The purpose of this study was to determine if the dietary supplement/recovery beverage ASEA could alleviate the pain and discomfort commonly associated with DOMS as well as enhance participants’ recovery performance during three sets of total body weight lifting to failure. A counterbalanced, double blind, placebo controlled, repeated measures protocol was performed with 7 healthy, college aged, male volunteers. The protocol consisted of two trials of six lifts (seated up-right bench press, supine hip extension, seated elbow flexion, seated knee extension, seated back row, and prone knee flexion) separated by 24 hrs under one condition. Six days later, participants repeated the protocol under the other condition. Effectiveness of ASEA was measured against placebo using: 1) paired samples t-tests (alpha = 0.05), for total number of combined lifts completed; 2) difference of number of lifts from Day 1 to Day 2; 3) subjective ratings of exertion; 4) muscular soreness; 5) and perceived recovery. ASEA was ineffective in improving performance or recovery compared to the placebo in any of the parameters tested: total repetitions on Day 2 (A: 189 ± 31 reps; P: 180 ± 29 reps; p = 0.37); difference in two day number of lifts (A: 16 ± 21 reps; P: 21 ± 9 reps; p = 0.57); session RPE (Day 1: p = 0.77; Day 2: p = 0.69); difference in muscle soreness (Day 1: A: 31 ± 20; P: 34 ± 27; p = 0.73; Day 2: A: 12 ± 11; P: 18 ± 11; p = 0.64); perceived recovery (A: 6 ± 2; P: 5 ± 2; p = 0.26). The results of this study suggest that ASEA does not alleviate DOMS symptoms or enhance recovery in the manner and population tested in this study.
Semen and Carcass Evaluation of Broiler Breeder Males Fed Low Protein Diets

At 43 days of age, 246 broiler breeder males were randomly assigned to either a 9, 12, or 15% protein diet (isocaloric) fed on a restricted basis until birds were 50 wk of age. Birds fed the 15% protein diet served as the control group for maintaining body weight. All groups received equal quantities of feed. Semen production was monitored weekly from 17 through 49 wk of age. Semen was evaluated for volume, concentration, and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate during four periods: 25 through 30, 36 through 37, 42 through 43, and 48 through 49 wk of age. Carcass composition and testes weight were sampled at 22 and 28 wk; at 50 wk of age all remaining males were analyzed. The dietary protein effect on body weight was linear (P less than .05). Birds fed the 9% protein diet had the lowest weights, while birds fed 12 and 15% protein became similar in body weight with increasing age. Semen volume, concentration, number of spermatozoa per ejaculate, and testes weight were unaffected by dietary protein level. The percentage of males that produced semen when fed the 9% protein diet was greater (P less than or equal to .09) with males fed 12 and 15% dietary protein. Dietary protein had a significant negative linear effect (P less than or equal to .001) on percent carcass fat at 50 wk of age but no effect on percentage carcass protein. Reducing dietary protein to 9% decreased male body weight slightly, increased carcass fat, and had no adverse effects on semen production through 50 wk of age.
Arrestin Effects on Internalization of Vasopressin Receptors

Arrestins have been shown to facilitate the recruitment of G protein-coupled receptors to the clathrin-coated vesicles that mediate their internalization. After8Arg-vasopressin-induced internalization, the human V2 vasopressin receptor failed to recycle to the cell surface, whereas the vasopressin type 1a receptor (V1a) subtype did. The possibility that the lack of recycling could identify a novel role for arrestins was investigated by examining the effect of coexpressing wild-type and dominant negative arrestins on the recycling of wild-type and mutant V2 and V1a receptors. Coexpression of the V1a or V2 receptors with the last 100 amino acids of arrestin reduced significantly their internalization, whereas coexpression of wild-type and mutant arrestins had diverse effects on internalization. Arrestin3 but not arrestin2 increased the internalization of the V1aR without altering its recycling pattern. Both nonvisual arrestins enhanced vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) internalization, inducing the appearance of a pool of recycling receptor in addition to the nonrecycling pool. The effect of arrestins on the internalization of the chimeric V1a/V2 receptor and its reciprocal chimera was specified by the identity of the carboxyl-terminal segment. The S363A mutation that confers recycling to the V2R did not alter its interaction with arrestins. Truncation of the carboxyl-terminal segment of the V2R impaired ligand-induced internalization that could be fully restored by wild-type arrestins. Internalization of the V2 and V1a receptors required dynamin GTPase activity.
Meal-Specific Dietary Changes From Squires Quest! II: A Serious Video Game Intervention.

Abstract Objective Squire's Quest! II: Saving the Kingdom of Fivealot , an online video game, promotes fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. An evaluation study varied the type of implementation intentions used during the goal-setting process (none, action, coping, or both action and coping plans). Participants who created action plans reported higher FV consumption 6 months after baseline. This study assessed changes by specific meal in that study. Methods A total of 400 fourth- and fifth-grade children completed 3 24-hour recalls at baseline and 6 months later. These were averaged to obtain FV intake. Analyses used repeated-measures ANCOVA. Results There was a significant group by time effect for vegetables at 6 months ( P = .01); Action ( P = .01) and coping ( P = .04) group participants reported higher vegetable intake at dinner. There were significant increases in fruit intake at breakfast ( P = .009), lunch ( P = .01), and snack ( P Conclusions and Implications Setting meal-specific goals and action or coping plans may enable children to overcome barriers and consume FV.
Selective Functionalization of Antimycin A Through an N-Transacylation Reaction

Acylation of 3-(N-formylamino)salicylic acids resulted in transacylation with loss of the formyl moiety. The reaction proceeds through a bis-N-acylated intermediate, which undergoes facile deformylation. This transacylation reaction has been employed for the site-specific functionalization of the mitochondrial poison antimycin A, affording several novel derivatives. The selective cytotoxicity of some of these derivatives toward cultured A549 human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells, in comparison with WI-38 normal human lung fibroblasts, illustrates one application of this transacylation reaction.