cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sulfur mustard-induced neutropenia: treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

ABSTRACT Although best known as a blistering agent, sulfur mustard (HD) can also induce neutropenia in exposed individuals, increasing their susceptibility to infection. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and pegylated G-CSF (peg-G-CSF) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as hematopoietic growth factors to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of G-CSF and peg-G-CSF in ameliorating HD-induced neutropenia. African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were challenged with HD and, at 1, 3, 5, or 7 days after exposure, G-CSF therapy (10 µg/kg per day for 21 days) was initiated. Peg-G-CSF (300 µg/kg, single treatment) was similarly tested, with treatment given at 3 days after exposure. Untreated HD-exposed animals recovered from neutropenia 28 days after exposure, whereas G-CSF- or peg-G-CSF-treated animals recovered 8 to 19 days after exposure (p < 0.05). These results indicate that G-CSF or peg-G-CSF may provide Fo...
Expression analysis of the transmembrane mucin MUC20 in human corneal and conjunctival epithelia.

Purpose. Cell surface mucins are a group of highly O-glycosylated transmembrane glycoproteins responsible for the protection of epithelial cells on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization and regulation of mucin 20 (MUC20) at the ocular surface.
Cooperative emission of light by an ensemble of dipoles near a metal nanoparticle mediated by surface plasmon

A new mechanism for cooperative emission of light by an ensemble of dipoles near a metal nanoparticle is suggested. The emission is dominated by plasmonic super-radiant states formed due to surface plasmon exchange beetwen dipoles.
A Hybrid Petrov-Galerkin Method for Optimal Output Prediction

We present a new Boundary Discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin (BDPG) method for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The method represents a modication of the standard Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) scheme, and uses locally-computed optimal test functions to achieve enhanced accuracy along the domain boundaries. This leads to improved accuracy in relevant boundary outputs such as lift and drag. Results demonstrate that, for linear problems in both one and two dimensions, exact boundary outputs are obtained if the test functions and uxes are well-represented. Furthermore, for nonlinear problems such as the Navier-Stokes equations, the method can achieve 2p + 2 output convergence rates, which represents an improvement over the 2p + 1 rates of standard HDG.
Stress Measurements in Materials for Magnetic Recording

Investigations of the mechanical behavior of materials used in magnetic recording is of considerable practical importance in order to assure reliable file performance. With this objective, we have investigated the magnitude of the internal stresses observed in four sputtered thin film materials typically used in magnetic recording. First, the magnitude of the stresses observed in sputtered carbon films with and without hydrogen were measured and the nature of stress relaxation and thermal stability in different ambicnts were investigated. Second, the magnitude of the internal stress in CoPtCr magnetic media with and without a Cr-based sublayer that enhances magnetic performance was examined. Finally, the magnitude of stresses typically observed in thicker sputtered films of alumina were investigated both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The magnitude of the stresses observed in these sputtered films and their influence on mechanical performance are discussed.
308 DOWN-REGULATION OF THE UREA TRANSPORTER UT-A1 BY MINERALOCORTICOIDS IN THE DIABETIC KIDNEY.

Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD worldwide. Early manifestations of diabetic renal disease include increased urea excretion, polyuria, and an impaired urine-concentrating ability. Studying the changes that occur at the level of the renal medulla when exposed to the hyperglycemic high-corticosterone milieu of diabetes may help us understand the volume changes that occur early in diabetes, particularly in type I diabetes. UT-A1 is a urea transporter that has been shown to play a critical role in water homeostasis. UT-A1 protein expression is regulated by many hormones including vasopressin, mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids. During uncontrolled diabetes, the UT-A1 transporter in the renal medulla decreases initially (at 3-5 days) then increases after 10-21 days in an attempt to restore concentrating ability. A previous study showed that the early decrease in UT-A1 in the renal medulla was prevented in adrenalectomized diabetic rats but restored with the administration of exogenous corticosteroids. In this study we attempt to define the roles of both corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids after a longer period of diabetes (> 10 days). Adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were randomized into 3 groups; one received aldosterone replacement via mini-pump, one received daily dexamethazone injections for 14 days, and one group received no steroid replacement. Three days after replacement was initiated, half the rats in each group were injected with streptozocin to induce diabetes (DM). We compared UT-A1 and AQP2 protein expression in ADX animals, ADX diabetic animals (ADX + DM), and (ADX + DM) animals receiving exogenous mineralocorticoids or glucocorticoids. At 10 days of uncontrolled diabetes, UT-A1 protein expression was unchanged in ADX diabetic rats as compared to ADX nondiabetic rats. In intact animals, UT-A1 is dramatically increased at 10 days of diabetes. When diabetic ADX rats received dexamethasone replacement, UT-A1 protein was decreased significantly in the inner medullary (IM) tip (43 6 2%) but not in the inner medullary base. Similarly, ADX + DM rats receiving aldosterone showed a significant decrease (40 6 2%) in the level of UT-A1 in the IM tip. AQP2 was unchanged in diabetes with or without steroid replacement in ADX rats. We conclude that (1) adrenal steroids are essential in modulating the delayed UT-A1 response to diabetes; (2) both mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids cause a significant down-regulation of UT-A1 in diabetic rats; and (3) further work is required to understand the increase in UT-A1 observed as a late compensatory reaction to the polyuria of diabetes.
Transvaginal Closure of the Bladder Neck and Placement of a Suprapubic Catheter for Destroyed Urethra After Long-Term Indwelling Catheterization

We report on 6 women with continuous urinary incontinence as a late complication of an indwelling urethral catheter for neurogenic bladder. Pressure necrosis by the balloon resulted in progressive destruction of the entire urethra, with subsequent incontinence despite the catheter. Surgical attempts at bladder neck closure to correct the incontinence generally have been unsuccessful. Instead of supravesical urinary diversion, we performed transvaginal closure of the bladder neck and percutaneous placement of a permanent suprapubic tube cystostomy. All 6 patients remained dry after closure and none has shown upper urinary tract deterioration at followup for as long as 5 years.
Co-Administration of Two Muscle Relaxants: When Are the Effects Supra-Additive?

Combinations of two nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (MRs) were frequently administered to patients to test whether a given combination offers clinical advantages and/or to reveal information about the action of, and interaction between, MRs. Several combinations demonstrated a supra-additive effect (potentiation). The goal of the present study was to simulate this kind of experiments in a pharmacodynamic model and to derive an optimal experimental design.
Is There a Difference in Graft Motion for Bone-Tendon-Bone and Hamstring Autograft ACL Reconstruction at 6 Weeks and 1 Year?

Background:Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) grafts are generally believed to heal more quickly than soft tissue grafts after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but little is known about the time course of healing or motion of the grafts within the bone tunnels.Hypothesis:Graft-tunnel motion will be greater in hamstring (HS) grafts compared with BTB grafts and will be less at 1 year than at 6 weeks.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Twelve patients underwent anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using HS or BTB autografts (6 per group) with six 0.8-mm tantalum beads embedded in each graft. Dynamic stereo x-ray images were collected at 6 weeks and 1 year during treadmill walking and stair descent and at 1 year during treadmill running. Tibiofemoral kinematics and bead positions were evaluated. Graft-tunnel motion was based on bead range of motion during the loading response phase (first 10%) of the gait cycle.Results:During treadmill walking, there was no difference in femoral...
State-Directed Development: The Rhee Interregnum: Saving South Korea for Cohesive Capitalism

The defeat of the Japanese in the Second World War opened the way to another traumatic phase in Korean history. As the Japanese hurriedly departed, Korean nationalism exploded, the country was divided into a communist north and an American-controlled south, and an externally aided civil war followed. All this is well known. Syngman Rhee dominated South Korean politics during this period, especially following the end of the Korean War in 1953 and then prior to 1960, when he was forced out of power. I analyze in broad strokes those elements of the emerging South Korean state and society during the Rhee period that contributed significantly to longer-term economic development. The argument advanced is that a systematic pursuit of economic growth was really not a regime priority in Syngman Rhee's Korea. The main concern of the United States in South Korea was the threat of communism and, relatedly, maintaining political and economic stability. While Rhee facilitated some of this, he was an autocratic ruler whose priorities included securing personal power, holding the northern communists and domestic opposition at bay, and maximizing U.S. aid to South Korea. South Korean political economy in the period, including a middling economic performance, was more a product of these forces and less a result of any coherent economic strategy. In spite of the economic neglect, a number of important developments during this period proved to be of long-term economic significance.
Religious Affiliation, Religiosity, Gender, and Rape Myth Acceptance: Feminist Theory and Rape Culture:

Rape myths are false beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists, often prejudicial and stereotypical. Guided by feminist theory and available empirical research, this study aimed to examine the influences of gender, religious affiliation, and religiosity on rape myth acceptance of U.S. emerging adults. A sample of 653 university students aged 18 to 30 years were recruited from a large public university in the southern United States to complete the research questionnaires. Results indicated that individuals who identified as Roman Catholic or Protestant endorsed higher levels of rape myth acceptance than their atheist or agnostic counterparts. Men were found more likely to ascribe to rape myths than their female counterparts. Religiosity was positively associated with rape myth acceptance, even after controlling the effect of conservative political ideology. No significant interaction was found between gender and religious affiliation or gender and religiosity. Limitations, future research directions, and implications of the findings are discussed from the perspective of feminist theory.
Role of Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A in Hyperoxic Lung Injury: Analysis of the Transcriptome and Proteome.

Hyperoxia contributes to lung injury in experimental animals and diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A enzymes are protective against hyperoxic lung injury (HLI). The molecular pathways and differences in gene expression that modulate these protective effects remain largely unknown. Our objective was to characterize genotype specific differences in the transcriptome and proteome of acute hyperoxic lung injury using the omics platforms: microarray and Reverse Phase Proteomic Array. Wild type (WT), Cyp1a1−/− and Cyp1a2−/− (8–10 wk, C57BL/6J background) mice were exposed to hyperoxia (FiO2 > 0.95) for 48 hours. Comparison of transcriptome changes in hyperoxia-exposed animals (WT versus knock-out) identified 171 genes unique to Cyp1a1−/− and 119 unique to Cyp1a2−/− mice. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed pathways including apoptosis, DNA repair and early estrogen response that were differentially regulated between WT, Cyp1a1−/− and Cyp1a2−/− mice. Candidate genes from these pathways were validated at the mRNA and protein level. Quantification of oxidative DNA adducts with 32P-postlabeling also revealed genotype specific differences. These findings provide novel insights into mechanisms behind the differences in susceptibility of Cyp1a1−/− and Cyp1a2−/− mice to HLI and suggest novel pathways that need to be investigated as possible therapeutic targets for acute lung injury.
Complex clavicle fractures in children: Kids are not little adults:

BackgroundThe clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone in the body and accounts for 10–15% of all pediatric fractures. Adult patients with complete midshaft clavicle fractures often undergo sur...
Variations in the size and proportions of wood elements in yellow-poplar trees

Selected trees were intensively examined for within-tree differences of xylem elements and their organization; i.e. elements were examined from the base of the tree to the top and from the pith to the bark. The within-tree variation patterns of fiber length, vessel volume, and ray volume are reported and the interrelationship of these properties, as well as their correlation with age, growth rate, and specific gravity, are presented.
Overexpression of active Akt3 induces differential binding of coregulator proteins to the estrogen receptor as a possible mechanism of tamoxifen resistance

5197 Tamoxifen (TAM) is an effective anti-estrogen for treatment of women with hormone-dependent breast cancer but acquired drug resistance limits its therapeutic benefit. We have previously reported that expression of active Akt3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells results in estrogen-independent tumors that are actually stimulated to grow after TAM treatment. We hypothesize that this TAM resistance may be attributed to binding of different coregulator proteins and/or different binding affinity of these proteins to the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells overexpressing active Akt3 as compared to parental MCF-7 cells. We have immunoprecipitated the estrogen receptor along with bound coregulator proteins in both cells lines after TAM, estradiol, or vehicle treatment. After 2-D gel electrophoresis separation of these immunoprecipitated proteins and comparing them using PDQuest 2-D analysis software (Bio-Rad), we identified protein “spots” that were statistically different under the treatment conditions between the two cell lines. The isolated protein “spots” were subjected to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By searching protein databases through the MASCOT website for protein identification, we have identified estrogen receptor coregulator proteins that may play a potential role in tamoxifen resistance. Current studies are focused on addressing the role of differential protein binding as a possible mechanism of tamoxifen resistance in Akt3 overexpressing breast cancer cells.
Two-dimensional multiphysics model of microwave sintering

Recently, microwave heating has shown promise as a potential source of thermal energy to drive the materials manufacturing process known as sintering. We present here a two-dimensional model of microwave sintering that describes the physical phenomena that influence the process (i.e., electromagnetics, heat transfer and mechanical deformation), including the influence that temperature and relative density have on the dielectric and thermal properties of the sample. The model relies on finite difference methods for the electromagnetic and thermal models, and a Master Sintering Curve to construct the inverse function for density evolution, and is presented together with its computer implementation as a series of Python scripts, which runs quickly and whose accuracy is demonstrated via comparison to experimental results from literature.
Estimation of the Maximum Theoretical Productivity of Fed-Batch Bioreactors * *This work was funded by the US Department of Energy’s Bioen-ergy Technologies Office (DOE-BETO), Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Abstract A key step towards the development of an integrated biorefinery is the screening of economically viable processes, which depends sharply on the yields and productivities that can be achieved by an engineered microorganism. In this study, we extend an earlier method which used dynamic optimization to find the maximum theoretical productivity of batch cultures to explicitly include fed-batch bioreactors. In addition to optimizing the intracellular distribution of metabolites between cell growth and product formation, we calculate the optimal control trajectory of feed rate versus time. We further analyze how sensitive the productivity is to substrate uptake and growth parameters.
Price discovery of one security traded in several markets around the world

In this paper, we analyse the price discovery for SPDR Gold Trust, which is traded on five different markets across the world: the USA, Mexico, Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore. We find that all prices in the five markets are identical until 23 January 2013 when the Hong Kong prices start deviating from the rest of the group. On 1 July 2013 Mexico joins Hong Kong and starts differing from the rest. We hypothesise that until 23 January 2013 price discovery occurs in the USA and the rest of the markets become price takers. We find that even after 23 January 2013 the US gold market of the SPDR Gold Trust ETF still dominates other markets with more than 90% of the price discovery when using the Hasbrouck information share methodology.
A Fluorescent Cell-Based System for Imaging Zika Virus Infection in Real-Time

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito or through sexual contact with an infected partner. ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been associated with numerous fetal abnormalities, including prenatal lethality and microcephaly. However, until recent outbreaks in the Americas, ZIKV has been relatively understudied, and therefore the biology and pathogenesis of ZIKV infection remain incompletely understood. Better methods to study ZIKV infection in live cells could enhance our understanding of the biology of ZIKV and the mechanisms by which ZIKV contributes to fetal abnormalities. To this end, we developed a fluorescent cell-based reporter system allowing for live imaging of ZIKV-infected cells. This system utilizes the protease activity of the ZIKV non-structural proteins 2B and 3 (NS2B-NS3) to specifically mark virus-infected cells. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this fluorescent reporter for identifying cells infected by ZIKV strains of two lineages. Further, we use this system to determine that apoptosis is induced in cells directly infected with ZIKV in a cell-autonomous manner. Ultimately, approaches that can directly track ZIKV-infected cells at the single cell-level have the potential to yield new insights into the host-pathogen interactions that regulate ZIKV infection and pathogenesis.
Review - Evidence-Informed assessment and practice in child welfare.

Evidence-Informed Assessment and Practice in Child Welfare is an edited volume by social work scholars John Wodarski, Michael Holosko, and Marvin Feit. The book, which is a modest 304 pages (includ...
Abstract 141: Adipocyte Deficiency of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Increases Systolic Blood Pressures of Obese Female Mice

Background: We demonstrated that sexual dimorphism of obesity-hypertension was associated with differential activity of adipocyte angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in male versus ( vs ) female mice. These data suggest that adipocyte ACE2 regulates blood pressure by influencing the balance of angiotensin II (AngII, a substrate of ACE2) vs angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which differs in male and female mice. We hypothesized that deficiency of ACE2 in adipocytes increases blood pressure of HF-fed female mice. Methods/Results: Mice with adipocyte ACE2 deficiency were developed from breeding Ace2 fl/fl mice to transgenic C57BL/6 mice with heterozygous transgenic expression of Cre recombinase driven by the adiponectin promoter ( Ace2 Adipo ). Female or male Ace2 fl/fl and Ace2 Adipo mice (8 weeks old) were fed a HF (60% kcal as fat) or low fat (LF; 10% kcal from fat) diet for 16 weeks, after which blood pressure was quantified by radiotelemetry. Systolic blood pressures (SBP) were not different in LF-fed female mice of either genotype (24 hr average SBP [mmHg]: Ace2 fl./fl : 121+1; Ace2 Adipo : 121+1; p>0.05). However, SBP was significantly increased in HF-fed female Ace2 Adipo vs Ace2 fl/fl mice ( Ace2 fl/fl : 127+2; Ace2 Adipo : 133+3; p Ace2 Adipo female mice compared to HF-fed Ace2 fl/fl controls (baseline vs AngII SBP [mmHg]: LF Ace2 fl/fl : 122+8 vs 180+4; LF Ace2 Adipo : 127+5 vs 173+7; HF Ace2 fl/fl : 121+3 vs 183+3; HF Ace2 Adipo : 138+7 vs 197+43; p Ace2 Adipo male mice had similar SBPs compared to HF-fed Ace2 fl/fl males (24 hour SBP [mmHg]: Ace2 fl/fl : 127±2; Ace2 Adipo : 133±3; p>0.05). Conclusions: Deficiency of ACE2 in adipocytes promoted the development of obesity-induced hypertension in female mice. Moreover, female adipocyte ACE2 deficient mice exhibited augmented blood pressure responses to AngII. These data support the hypothesis that adipocyte ACE2 contributes to sex differences in obesity-induced hypertension.
Assessing Student Knowledge and Incorporation of Smart Technology Into Daily Physical Activity

This study describes high school students’ use of smart technology to enhance leisure-time physical activity. Participants included 109 students who completed an informational survey comprised of questions examining non-school sport and physical activity hours, daily video game hours, and use of Kinect active video games and smartphone apps. Students engage in 1.99 hr/week of physical activity (SD = 1.13), play video games an average of .46 hr/day (SD = .69), and use 1.21 active video games (SD = 1.43) and .52 smartphone apps (SD = .75). Results show that students are minimally familiar with active video games and smartphone apps, but fail to meet physical activity recommendations set by the American College of Sports Medicine. Additionally, students can benefit immensely from structured instruction on health benefits and incorporation of such technology. Recommendations for application include explicit classroom instruction, teacher encouragement, and reinforcement throughout coursework. Subscribe to TPE
Managing the Flexibility of Flexible Manufacturing Systems for Competitive Edge

Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) are believed to be a major means for improving both production flexibility and productivity. If well managed, FMS can be a formidable competitive weapon for manufacturing firms. However, there exists confusion concerning how to define the concept of flexibility. One result is the misconception that flexibility may cause the decline of productivity. This paper reviews the existing studies on flexibility and presents a “flexibility map” which clarifies the relationship between various flexibility concepts and measures. This map also provides a foundation for exploring the issue of how flexibility can contribute to the firm’s competitiveness. We further point out the importance of a Total System Flexibility (TSF) concept which considers two important flexibility factors: quickness of response to a change and economic response to the change. A numerical example of routing flexibility is used to demonstrate how flexibility can enhance the competitive or strategic value of FMS. Indeed, total system flexibility can increase rather than reduce productivity, and therefore enhance the firm’s competitiveness.
Pharmacokinetic Determinants of the Clinical Effects of Benzodiazepine Agonist Hypnotics

Beginning with nitrazepam in the early 1960s, the class of drugs acting as benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor agonists has become the principal therapeutic option for the pharmacologic treatment of insomnia. With the development of analytic techniques to measure plasma drug concentrations, along with the more general application of pharmacokinetic methodologies, understanding of the pharmacokinetic determinants of hypnotic drug action has progressed along with the development and clinic use of a series of BZ agonist hypnotics. Absorption rate is a key determinant of the onset of drug action and the effectiveness of a hypnotic in shortening sleep latency. Rapid absorption implies high maximum plasma concentrations and short times to reach the maximum, thereby increasing the probability of rapid-onset effects. Elimination half-life is a determinant of the duration of action and a hypnotic drug’s efficacy in prolonging sleep duration and reducing early morning awakening. However, half-life may not directly predict duration of action, since some rapidly absorbed drugs may have action terminated by distribution rather than elimination. In any case, attaining a duration of action that is long enough to sustain sleep but not so long as to produce residual daytime sedation is a difficult objective. Dosage is a major determinant of pharmacodynamics that is often overlooked. Higher doses produce effects of more rapid onset, greater intensity, and longer duration. During multiple dosage with hypnotics, drug accumulation will occur if the drug’s elimination half-life exceeds the dosage interval (24h). This may lead to cumulative daytime sedative effects. In contemporary practice, short half-life BZ agonist hypnotics are most commonly prescribed. These have a low risk of daytime sedation and accumulation, but they must be tapered at the end of treatment to avoid rebound and other discontinuation effects. Ongoing pharmaceutical research has the objective of developing drug delivery innovations that can optimize hypnotic drug action by regulation of release and systemic exposure to short half-life BZ agonists.
Entanglement negativity and minimal entanglement wedge cross sections in holographic theories

We calculate logarithmic negativity, a quantum entanglement measure for mixed quantum states, in quantum error-correcting codes and find it to equal the minimal cross sectional area of the entanglement wedge in holographic codes with a quantum correction term equal to the logarithmic negativity between the bulk degrees of freedom on either side of the entanglement wedge cross section. This leads us to conjecture a holographic dual for logarithmic negativity that is related to the area of a cosmic brane with tension in the entanglement wedge plus a quantum correction term. This is closely related to (though distinct from) the holographic proposal for entanglement of purification. We check this relation for various configurations of subregions in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}/{\mathrm{CFT}}_{2}$. These are disjoint intervals at zero temperature, as well as a single interval and adjacent intervals at finite temperature. We also find this prescription to effectively characterize the thermofield double state. We discuss how a deformation of a spherical entangling region complicates calculations and speculate how to generalize to a covariant description.
The Ancient World's Magical Genius Thinks BIG

(2004). The Ancient World's Magical Genius Thinks BIG. Math Horizons: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 5-8.
Dynamics of Lower-Tropospheric Vorticity in Idealized Simulations of Tropical Cyclone Formation

AbstractIdealized simulations are conducted using the Cloud Model version 1 (CM1) to explore the mechanism of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis from a preexisting midtropospheric vortex that forms in r...
The Connection's approach: a model for integrating criminal justice, mental health, and other social services in the U.S. state of Connecticut

Abstract At a time when societal problems and systems are becoming increasingly complex, a state-wide human services agency in Connecticut, called “The Connection,” has adopted a human approach to care. Far from being impractical or irrelevant, we have found this philosophy to be at the core of its success, which has the potential to inform similar agencies worldwide. At a time in the U.S. when most agencies are reducing their services and trying merely to survive in a climate of little concern for disadvantaged populations, The Connection has been expanding and thriving while taking care of the sickest, the neediest, and the most high-risk populations. It addresses social challenges at the most basic level, “making connections” between criminal justice, mental health, and social support services through a simplification of principles that allows for their integration. In this article, we review the elements that have led to its efficacy, the scientific support for it, and potential pitfalls.
Glycome and Proteome Components of Golgi Membranes Are Common between Two Angiosperms with Distinct Cell-Wall Structures

The plant endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus is the site of synthesis, assembly, and trafficking of all noncellulosic polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and proteins destined for the cell wall. As grass species make cell walls distinct from those of dicots and noncommelinid monocots, it has been assumed that the differences in cell-wall composition stem from differences in biosynthetic capacities of their respective Golgi. However, immunosorbence-based screens and carbohydrate linkage analysis of polysaccharides in Golgi membranes, enriched by flotation centrifugation from etiolated coleoptiles of maize (Zea mays) and leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), showed that arabinogalactan-proteins and arabinans represent substantial portions of the Golgi-resident polysaccharides not typically found in high abundance in cell walls of either species. Further, hemicelluloses accumulated in Golgi at levels that contrasted with those found in their respective cell walls, with xyloglucans enriched in maize Golgi, and xylans enriched in Arabidopsis. Consistent with this finding, maize Golgi membranes isolated by flotation centrifugation and enriched further by free-flow electrophoresis, yielded >200 proteins known to function in the biosynthesis and metabolism of cell-wall polysaccharides common to all angiosperms, and not just those specific to cell-wall type. We propose that the distinctive compositions of grass primary cell walls compared with other angiosperms result from differential gating or metabolism of secreted polysaccharides post-Golgi by an as-yet unknown mechanism, and not necessarily by differential expression of genes encoding specific synthase complexes.
Maddie's units coordinating across contexts

Abstract Units coordinating has emerged as an important construct for understanding students’ mathematical thinking, particularly their concepts of multiplication and fractions. We conducted an eleven-session constructivist teaching experiment with a pair of sixth-grade students to investigate how children coordinate whole number and fractional units across quantitative contexts. In this paper, we focus on one student, Maddie, who was assessed as reasoning with three levels of whole number units at the onset of the teaching experiment. We illustrate Maddie's units coordinating with fractional units over the course of the teaching experiment: it began with incorrect responses that indicated she had yet to coordinate three levels of fractional units; it progressed through her coordination of three levels of fractional units in situations for which she had a tangible referent for partitioning. We describe how students’ ways of experiencing quantitative situations are important considerations in their development of units coordinating structures.
A phase II study of cryoablation (cryo) of an enlarging tumor in patients (pts) with advanced lung cancer or melanoma receiving post-progression immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI).

e14243Background: Image-guided percutaneous cryoablation is an established minimally invasive oncologic treatment. Through direct modulation of the tumor, it is theorized that this local therapy ma...
Knot of Henry Variation and the Effect on Plantar Flexion Strength.

Background:The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendons are commonly used for tendon transfer in reconstructive foot and ankle procedures. Some patients experience gre...
LAS COMISIONES DE VERDAD, SUS NARRATIVAS Y EFECTOS EN EL LARGO PLAZO: DISPUTAS EN TORNO A LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LOS PERPETRADORES EN LA POSDICTADURA CHILENA

En este articulo se analizan las narrativas sobre perpetradores de la violencia de Estado que elaboraron las comisiones de verdad en la posdictadura, particularmente los informes Rettig, de 1991, y Valech I y II, de 2004 y 2010, respectivamente. A su vez, se analizan algunas respuestas, estrategias y contra-narrativas que la sociedad civil ha articulado para rebatir las representaciones publicas oficiales sobre perpetradores. En conjunto, y considerando sus asimetrias, estas voces y mecanismos han sido parte clave en la construccion de un espacio moral en las ultimas decadas.
Foreword: Special issue on Salt-Cooled Reactors

This special issue of Nuclear Technology contains reviews and papers describing recent work on salt-cooled reactors—an area where there has been an explosion of interest, including the growth of st...
Relevance of the Unfolded Protein Response to Spaceflight-Induced Transcriptional Reprogramming in Arabidopsis.

Plants are primary producers of food and oxygen on Earth and will likewise be indispensable to the establishment of large-scale sustainable ecosystems and human survival in space. To contribute to ...
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Outcomes After Ventricular Assist Device Implantation Using the Area Deprivation Index.

ABSTRACT Background This study evaluates the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) as a novel prognostic metric of socioeconomic status for patients with a left ventricular assist device. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of patients with a left ventricular assist device at a high-volume institution from 2007 to 2018 was conducted. Socioeconomic status was determined using the ADI, a multifactorial neighborhood-based metric where higher ADI denotes worse socioeconomic status. Patients were stratified into 4 ADI cohorts. Long-term survival was compared with multivariate analysis. Of the 380 patients stratified by ADI, 35 were in the 10th percentile or lower, 218 were in the 11th–50th percentile, 104 were in the 51st–89th percentile, and 23 were in the 90th percentile or higher. Baseline characteristics were comparable. On multivariate analysis, being male (hazard ratio [HR], 0.14; P = .01), bridge-to-transplant (HR, 0.14; P = .03), and not requiring biventricular support (HR, 0.02; P Conclusions Socioeconomically disadvantaged patients had noninferior outcomes given appropriate pre-implant optimization and workup.
Housing Prices and Economic Freedom

The Economic Freedom Index of North America measures the impact of governmental institutions. The literature finds that economic freedom leads to higher incomes. Economic freedom is a geographically defined benefit, the value of which will be capitalized into real estate values. We hypothesize that more economic freedom should lead to higher home prices, ceteris paribus. Our findings support our hypothesis. Through a variety of direct and indirect effects, economic freedom influences the quality of life. States that are more economically free are more attractive places to live, and the benefits accruing to more economic freedom are capitalized into home prices.
Toward a psychology of attitude conflict.

Abstract We review research on “attitude conflict” —- competitive disagreement with regard to beliefs, values, and preferences, characterized by parties’ intolerance of each other’s positions. We propose a simple causal model of attitude conflict, including three antecedents that drive it and two consequences that frequently emerge. Whereas prior research has focused on the consequences — negative inferences about holders of opposing views and negative affect at the prospect of interacting with them — we focus on the antecedents. Specifically, we propose that disagreements that lead to attitude conflict are often characterized by perceptions of high (1) outcome importance, (2) actor interdependence, and (3) evidentiary skew. Our analysis offers multiple paths for future research to more accurately predict and more effectively intervene in such situations.
Climate constraints on the carbon intensity of economic growth

Development and climate goals together constrain the carbon intensity of production. Using a simple and transparent model that represents committed CO2 emissions (future emissions expected to come from existing capital), we explore the carbon intensity of production related to new capital required for different temperature targets across several thousand scenarios. Future pathways consistent with the 2 °C target which allow for continued gross domestic product growth require early action to reduce carbon intensity of new production, and either (i) a short lifetime of energy and industry capital (e.g. early retrofit of coal power plants), or (ii) large negative emissions after 2050 (i.e. rapid development and dissemination of carbon capture and sequestration). To achieve the 2 °C target, half of the scenarios indicate a carbon intensity of new production between 33 and 73 g CO2/$—much lower than the global average today, at 360 g CO2/$. The average lifespan of energy capital (especially power plants), and industry capital, are critical because they commit emissions far into the future and reduce the budget for new capital emissions. Each year of lifetime added to existing, carbon intensive capital, decreases the carbon intensity of new production required to meet a 2 °C carbon budget by 1.0–1.5 g CO2/$, and each year of delaying the start of mitigation decreases the required CO2 intensity of new production by 20–50 g CO2/$. Constraints on the carbon intensity of new production under a 3 °C target are considerably relaxed relative to the 2 °C target, but remain daunting in comparison to the carbon intensity of the global economy today.
Casting a Wider Net: Addressing the Maritime Piracy Problem in Southeast Asia

Because of the damage that maritime piracy inoicts on international trade and general safety, it has long been treated as a universal crime whose perpetrators were subject to punishment by any country that caught them. Piracy remains a serious threat to the international community in modern times, especially in Southeast Asia. Roughly 45% of the world’s commercial shipping passes through Southeast Asia, so the maritime attacks in this region cause billions of dollars in economic loss each year. These attacks have attracted additional attention due to the fact that they are now being committed by terrorists as well as traditional maritime bandits. This Note discusses the basis for punishing these attacks under international law, and considers whether the deanition of piracy under international law can encompass these attacks.
Toward Optimizing Particle-Simulation Systems

Optimized event-driven particle collision simulation is on demand to study the behavior of systems consisted of moving objects. This paper discusses the design and implementation issues of such simulation systems with various optimizations such as discrete event handling, Lazy Determination Strategy (LDS), and optimal cell number/size selection to overcome the delay caused by dynamical dependencies among collisions. Quantitative analyses and experiment results are provided to illustrate the performance gains acquired from these optimizations.
Promitochondria of Anaerobically Grown Yeast VI. EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON PROMITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

During anaerobic growth, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lose their normal mitochondria and accumulate respiration-deficient promitochondria. Upon aeration of the anaerobically grown cells, the promitochondria are converted to respiring mitochondria. The present study investigates the role of promitochondrial protein synthesis in this conversion. The proteins synthesized by promitochondria in vivo were selectively labeled by incubating the cells with radioactive leucine in the presence of cycloheximide. This antibiotic selectively inhibits cytoplasmic protein synthesis, and thereby prevents the oxygen-induced conversion of promitochondria to mitochondria. Electrophoretic comparison of the polypeptides labeled in the presence and absence of oxygen revealed that oxygen controlled the promitochondrial synthesis of a specific class of proteins. This effect of oxygen was inhibited by glucose. During respiratory adaptation, the promitochondrial protein-synthesizing system can thus respond to oxygen and to glucose independently of cytoplasmic protein synthesis.
Biosynthesis of sphingolipid bases. IV. The biosynthetic origin of sphingosine in Hansenula ciferri.

Abstract The synthesis and properties of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine-3-14C(VIII) are described. Cell-free particulate fractions from the yeast Hansenula ciferri convert VIII exclusively to dihydrosphingosine; no 3-ketosphingosine or sphingosine could be detected. Similar fractions convert, 14C-ammonium palmitate to trams-2-hexadecenoic acid indicating that, in yeast, the biosynthetic pathways of saturated and unsaturated sphingolipids diverge at the fatty acyl CoA level. Substrate preferences for the enzyme(s) which mediates the condensation of serine with fatty acyl CoA to produce ketosphingolipid bases are: palmityl CoA > stearyl CoA > myristyl CoA > decanoyl CoA > lauryl CoA. Under appropriate conditions trans-2-hexadecenoyl CoA is an excellent substrate and, like palmityl CoA, leads to a mixture of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine. α-Hydroxypalmityl CoA is not a substrate for the condensing enzyme and appears, therefore, not to be a precursor of phytosphingosine in yeast preparations. Most of the fatty acyl CoA derivatives tested are potent inhibitors of the condensing enzyme; bovine serum albumin is effective in reducing this inhibition.
Early Childhood Maltreatment and Girls' Sexual Behavior: The Mediating Role of Pubertal Timing

Abstract Purpose Although links between early childhood maltreatment and girls' sexual behavior in adolescence have been well established, it is unclear whether different forms of maltreatment are differentially associated with sexual outcomes and whether distinct mechanisms explain associations across maltreatment types. Methods Using data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the present study examines whether physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect in early childhood differentially predict girls' age at first intercourse and number of sexual partners in early adulthood. The study also tests whether early pubertal timing mediates the link between early maltreatment and sexual behavior (N = 6,364). Results Findings indicate that early sexual and physical abuse were equally predictive of earlier age at first intercourse and a greater number of sexual partners, but that only the sexual abuse—age at first intercourse link was mediated by early puberty. Conclusions These results suggest that sexual abuse and physical abuse are associated with earlier and riskier sexual behavior in girls relative to no maltreatment and to similar degrees. However, only the link between sexual abuse and sexual behavior involves a biological mechanism manifested in early pubertal timing.
Toward Formalizing Recovery of (Advanced) Transactions

Current literature on database transaction recovery reveals a semantic gap between high-level requirements (such as the all-or-nothing property) and the low-level descriptions of how these requirements are implemented (in terms of buffers and their policies, volatile and persistent storage, shadows, etc.). At the same time, fast growing demands for recovery in both traditional and advanced transaction models require an increased understanding of the relationships between requirements and mechanisms, and the ability to craft recovery more flexibly and modularly. In this chapter we address these challenges, introducing a framework to unify the different components of recovery as well as providing the concepts and notation needd to reason about recovery protocols. We apply our framework to formalize the properties of ARIES, a production-quality recovery protocol, and show how it can accommodate ARIES/RH, a variant of ARIES that supports delegation.
New Measures for the Quantization of Systems with Constraints

Based on the results of a recent reexamination of the quantization of systems with first-class and second-class constraints from the point of view of coherent-state phase-space path integration, we give additional examples of the quantization procedure for reparameterization invariant Hamiltonians, for systems for which the original set of Lagrange multipliers are elevated to dynamical variables, as well as extend the formalism to include cases of first-class constraints the operator form of which have a spectral gap about the value zero that characterizes the quantum constraint subspace.
"Fourth World" Values in a Spanish-Language Newspaper Serving an Immigrant Community

This study operationalized the Four Worlds model for mass media values in a new context — that of a foreign-language newspaper serving a recent-immigrant community within a First World society, namely a Hispanic community in central Arkansas, in the United States. The study established baseline representations of previously described “First World” and “Fourth World” values in a mainstream central Arkansas newspaper, and in Cherokee and Koori newspapers. The study speculated that the central Arkansas Hispanic community exists with a measure of physical and cultural separation from mainstream society — arising from informal barriers such as socioecomomic status, residential neighborhoods, language, and racism — and that this separation is analogous to the separation of a Fourth World society from its mainstream society. Accordingly, the study predicted that El Latino content would bear greater similarity with the Fourth World baseline than with the First World baseline. The hypothesis was substantially but not wholly born out. El Latino tracked the Fourth World baselines on six of the thirteen values surveyed, First and Fourth World, and results were inconclusive on six more values, two because El Latino fell between the baselines. El Latino tracked the First World baseline on only one value: First World “oddity.” It was hoped that this study will stimulate further research into similarities between immigrant groups and Fourth World communities, that they might share in the development of innovative strategies in their common pursuit of socioeconomic development for their peoples while preserving their cultural integrity and ethnic identity.
Guest editorial: Continuing to build engineering education research capabilities

The engineering education research community has progressed considerably since the first Frontiers in Education (FIE) conference. The FIE conference was started by the IEEE Education Society in 1971. The FIE conference has helped engineering faculty become more scholarly teachers. Becoming a scholarly teacher means being familiar with the best practices in engineering education, reading engineering education literature and engaging in periodic conversations about teaching and learning with colleagues, and conducting systematic assessment of their students' learning. The IEEE Education Society has provided extraordinary leadership in engineering education and is now well positioned to play a significant role in preparing engineering education researchers. In January 2003, the Journal of Engineering Education (JEE) repositioned itself as an archival journal for scholarly research in engineering education.