cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis: a serious but preventable disorder.

AbstractDescribed for the first time approximately 30 years ago, exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare disorder characterized by development of a severe allergic response occurring after mild-to-strenuous physical activity. This disorder is especially important to recognize with the recent increase in physical activity and health fitness fads. A number of predisposing factors (eg, prior ingestion of particular food groups) linked to exercise-induced anaphylaxis has been outlined over the years. Mechanisms governing the condition are still being unveiled, and it is likely that one mechanism involves mast cell degranulation and inflammatory mediator generation resulting from the biochemical effects of exercise, sometimes in the presence of an ingested allergen such that wheat or shell fish. Clinical manifestations usually occur after around 10 minutes of exercise, and follow a specific sequence, starting with pruritis and widespread urticarial lesions, evolving into a more typical anaphylactic picture with...
Fluconazole Therapy for Coccidioidal Meningitis

Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of fluconazole treatment of coccidioidal meningitis. Design Uncontrolled clinical trial. Setting Four university-based treatment centers in California, Arizona, and Texas. Most therapy was conducted without hospitalization. Patients Fifty consecutive patients with active coccidioidal meningitis, of which 47 (94%) were evaluable. Twenty-five patients had received no previous treatment for their meningitis, and nine had coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Intervention Fluconazole was administered in an oral dose of 400 mg once per day for up to 4 years (median, 37 months) in responding patients. Concurrent therapy with another antifungal agent was prohibited. Measurements Predefined assessment of infection-related abnormalities was done at the time of enrollment and was repeated at least every 4 months during treatment. Elimination of 40% or more of baseline abnormalities was considered a response. Results Thirty-seven of 47 (79%; 95% CI, 61% to 90%) evaluable patients responded to treatment. Response rates were similar for patients with and without previous therapy, for patients with and without concomitant HIV infection, and for patients with and without pre-existing hydrocephalus. Most improvement occurred within 4 to 8 months after starting treatment. Patient symptoms resolved more quickly than did cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. In 15 of 20 responding patients followed for 20 months or more, residual low-level cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities remained throughout therapy. No patient discontinued therapy because of drug-related side effects, although confusion developed in two patients that resolved when the dose of fluconazole was reduced. Conclusion Fluconazole therapy is often effective in suppressing coccidioidal meningitis.
Corn leaf water potential and water use efficiency under three conservation tillage systems

Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown using three conservation tillage (CT) systems: till-plant (TP), chisel (CH) and no-till (NT), and conventional moldboard plow (CN) on two soils (silt loam and loamy sand). These tillage systems were compared for soil water storage capabilities, leaf water potential, dry matter and grain yield production per unit of water depleted. Soil water storage ranked NT > CH > TP > CN throughout the growing season in all profile segments for both soils with the exception of the 0.25–1-m zone in 1984 for the silt loam soil, where soil water storage ranked NT > CN > TP > CH. Greater water storage differences betweenthe CT systems and CN was found for deeper depths (> 0.75 m) in the loamy sand soil. Leaf water potential for both sites ranked NT > CH > TP > CN, indicating higher water stress for corn grown with CN compared to NT. In a relatively dry year such as 1983, the dry matter per unit of water depleted was 72.3, 64.3, 60.1 and 59.6 kg ha−1 mm−1 for CH, NT, TP and CN, respectively, for the silt loam site. Although no significant differences were detected, the dry matter production per unit of water depleted from NT was higher than CH, TP and CN by 1.1, 10.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in 1983 for the loamy sand site. Grain yield per unit of water depleted was not significantly different in all years and soil types with the exception of 1983 on the loamy sand soil where NT, CH and TP were higher than CN by 20.8, 12.9 and 14.6%, respectively. The greater amounts of water stored with the CT systems eliminated the potential for reduction in dry matter and grain yield with these systems due to lower soil temperature early in the growing season.
Cadmium sulfide surface stabilization for InP-based optoelectronic devices

Thin layers of chemical bath deposited cadmium sulfide were used to improve the surface and interface properties of InP and its latticed-matched III-V compounds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates chemical reduction of surface oxides and the prevention of subsequent group III or V oxide formation. Photoluminescence spectra, measured between 1.0 and 1.3 μm, indicate a dramatic reduction in phosphorus vacancies following CdS treatment. Metalinsulator-semiconductor capacitors fabricated onn-type InP substrates with CdS interlayers display near-ideal quasi-static response and interface-state densities in the low 1011/eVcm2 range. Thin CdS layers were used to passivate the surface of InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)photodetectors.AfterCdS treatment, Schottky diode barrier heights of 0.6 eV were regularly obtained. For HEMTs, drain-togate current ratios of 8 × 104 were observed after CdS treatment. For a new backside illuminated MSM design, the dark current of CdS-treated samples was reduced three orders of magnitude to below 1 nA.
Cannonball Jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris) as a Food Resource

A pilot plant process was developed to produce salted dried jellyfish product from cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris). Processed products containing an average of 68% moisture, 5.5% protein, 26% ash and 25% salt were obtained by brining with different mixtures of salt (7.5–25%) and alum (1–2.5%) over 1 wk. Mechanical drying was also tested by using a heat pump system dryer. Chemical and physical analyses and sensory properties of cannonball jellyfish products compared favorably with market products. Levels of calcium, magnesium and iron in the jellyfish were higher than those of zinc and copper.
THE EFFECT OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS VACCINES ON SWINE INFLUENZA

Either living or heat-killed H. influenzae suis vaccines, given intramuscularly to swine, elicit an immune response capable of modifying the course of a later swine influenza infection. The protection afforded is only partial and is in no way comparable to the complete immunity afforded by swine influenza virus vaccines.
Negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies are associated with affective response to acute nicotine administration and abstinence

Background Negative affect is an important predictor of smoking behavior, and many smokers believe that smoking reduces negative affect. However, it is unclear whether such beliefs, known as negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies (NRSOE), are associated with changes in negative affect in response to nicotine deprivation and administration.
SCC Behavior of Alloy 690 HAZ in a PWR Environment

The objective of this work is to determine the cyclic and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) crack growth rates (CGRs) in a simulated PWR water environment for Alloy 690 heat affected zone (HAZ). In order to meet the objective, an Alloy 152 J-weld was produced on a piece of Alloy 690 tubing, and the test specimens were aligned with the HAZ. The environmental enhancement of cyclic CGRs for Alloy 690 HAZ was comparable to that measured for the same alloy in the as-received condition. The two Alloy 690 HAZ samples tested exhibited maximum SCC CGR rates of 10−11 m/s in the simulated PWR environment at 320°C, however, on average, these rates are similar or only slightly higher than those for the as-received alloy.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Chaotic frequency scaling in a coupled oscillator model for free rhythmic actions

The question of how best to model rhythmic movements at self-selected amplitude-frequency combinations, and their variability, is a long-standing issue. This study presents a systematic analysis of a coupled oscillator system that has successfully accounted for the experimental result that humans' preferred oscillation frequencies closely correspond to the linear resonance frequencies of the biomechanical limb systems, a phenomenon known as resonance tuning or frequency scaling. The dynamics of the coupled oscillator model is explored by numerical integration in different areas of its parameter space, where a period doubling route to chaotic dynamics is discovered. It is shown that even in the regions of the parameter space with chaotic solutions, the model still effectively scales to the biomechanical oscillator's natural frequency. Hence, there is a solution providing for frequency scaling in the presence of chaotic variability. The implications of these results for interpreting variability as fundamentally stochastic or chaotic are discussed.
Efficacy and safety of lamotrigine monotherapy in children and adolescents with epilepsy

Lamotrigine (LTG) has shown to confer broad-spectrum, well-tolerated control of epilepsy. Monotherapy is preferable over polytherapy because of better compliance, fewer adverse events, less interactions, lower teratogenicity and lower cost. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LTG monotherapy on seizure control in a cohort of children and adolescents with epilepsy. We retrospectively reviewed the records of children and adolescents treated with LTG monotherapy at our institution between 2001 and 2006. Data collected included demographics, seizure type, etiology of seizures, age at onset of seizures and at initiation of LTG treatment, number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) prior to LTG, dose of LTG, length of follow-up, treatment response, and adverse events. Seventy-two children and adolescents were identified (mean age 12.1 years); 37.5% had mental retardation. Age at onset of epilepsy was 5.7 years (0-16). Twenty three percent had symptomatic focal epilepsy, 15.5% idiopathic focal epilepsy, 19.4% symptomatic generalized epilepsy and 41.6% idiopathic generalized epilepsy. LTG was used as first-line monotherapy in 26.4% of patients and as a second-line monotherapy in 73.6%. Age at initiation of LTG therapy was 10 years (2.8-19). Mean number of AEDs tried prior to LTG was 1.3 (0-6). Mean dose of LTG was 5.5mg/kg/day (1.1-13.7). Mean follow-up period was 33 months (3 weeks to 11.5 years). The degree of seizure reduction was as follows: seizure free in 42%, 75-90% reduction in 17.4%, 50-74% in 11.6%, 25-49% in 10%. Sixteen percent had no change in seizure control and 3% became worse. The most common adverse event was rash (6.9%). Six (8.3%) patients discontinued LTG because of the adverse events. No patient had Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In conclusion, LTG was effective and well-tolerated as monotherapy in children and adolescents for both focal and generalized epilepsies.
Calcium currents in embryonic and neonatal mammalian skeletal muscle.

The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to study the properties of inward ionic currents found in primary cultures of rat and mouse skeletal myotubes and in freshly dissociated fibers of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle of rats. In each of these cell types, test depolarizations from the holding potential (-80 or -90 mV) elicited three distinct inward currents: a sodium current (INa) and two calcium currents. INa was the dominant inward current: under physiological conditions, the maximum inward INa was estimated to be at least 30-fold larger than either of the calcium currents. The two calcium currents have been termed Ifast and Islow, corresponding to their relative rates of activation. Ifast was activated by test depolarizations to around -40 mV and above, peaked in 10-20 ms, and decayed to baseline in 50-100 ms. Islow was activated by depolarizations to approximately 0 mV and above, peaked in 50-150 ms, and decayed little during a 200-ms test pulse. Ifast was inactivated by brief, moderate depolarizations; for a 1-s change in holding potential, half-inactivation occurred at -55 to -45 mV and complete inactivation occurred at -40 to -30 mV. Similar changes in holding potential had no effect on Islow. Islow was, however, inactivated by brief, strong depolarizations (e.g., 0 mV for 2 s) or maintained, moderate depolarizations (e.g., -40 mV for 60 s). Substitution of barium for calcium had little effect on the magnitude or time course of either Ifast or Islow. The same substitution shifted the activation curve for Islow approximately 10 mV in the hyperpolarizing direction without affecting the activation of Ifast. At low concentrations (50 microM), cadmium preferentially blocked Islow compared with Ifast, while at high concentrations (1 mM), it blocked both Ifast and Islow completely. The dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist (+)-PN 200-110 (1 microM) caused a nearly complete block of Islow without affecting Ifast. At a holding potential of -80 mV, the half-maximal blocking concentration (K0.5) for the block of Islow by (+)-PN 200-110 was 182 nM. At depolarized holding potentials that inactivated Islow by 35-65%, K0.5 decreased to 5.5 nM.
Direct simulation of the motion of a settling ellipsoid in Newtonian fluid

In this paper, we discuss the generalization of a Lagrange multiplier-based fictitious domain method to the simulation of the motion of general shape particles in Newtonian fluid. Preliminary numerical results of a settling ellipsoid in a narrow channel filled with a Newtonian fluid are presented. As expected, the ellipsoid turns its broadside to the stream in the simulations.
Familial eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis with associated ophthalmologic abnormalities

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare benign adnexal tumor, generally with sporadic occurrence and not linked to other diseases. Only one familial occurrence of ESFA has been reported. We describe the familial occurrence of multiple ESFAs in a father and his two sons, all of whom also had similar eyelid abnormalities and progressive corneal scarring. This description of hereditary ESFA is the first to link ESFA with periocular and ocular abnormalities.
A new sensitive isotropic-anisotropic separation experiment-SPEED MAS.

Abstract A new sensitive 2D isotropic–anisotropic separation experiment that utilizes stroboscopic phase encoding in the evolution dimension (SPEED) under magic angle sample spinning is presented. This 2D experiment consists of a train of 2 N −1 π pulses that are applied over 2 N rotor periods. The π pulse train effectively reduces the apparent spinning speed in the evolution dimension by a factor of 1/(2 N ) from the mechanical spinning speed. Thus, problems commonly associated with magic angle turning such as stable slow spinning, different matching and TPPM proton decoupling conditions are avoided. Data replication similar to the five π replicated magic angle turning (FIREMAT) and pseudo 2D sideband suppression (P2DSS) experiments transfers resolution from the acquisition dimension to the evolution dimension. Hence, large spectral windows with good digital resolution are obtained with a few evolution increments. Here, slow spinning sideband patterns are extracted from the replicated 2D dataset with TIGER processing. Nevertheless, 2D Fourier transformation is also applicable. The extracted sideband patterns are identical to magic angle turning sideband pattern allowing for easy extraction of principal shift components. Accurate 13 C principal shift components are obtained for 3-methylglutaric acid using SPEED and FIREMAT experiments to validate the method. Furthermore, SPEED spectra for calcium acetate and α santonin are reported to show the wide applicability of this new experiment.
Crystal and molecular structure of bis(acetylacetonato) nickel(II)diethanol

The title compound, Ni(C5H7O2)2· (C2H5OH)2, crystallizes in the triclinic system with unit cell dimensionsa = 8·923,b = 5·283,c = 9·522 A, α = 81·4, β = 106·1 and γ = 103·3 °;Z= 1, space groupP¯1. The structure was solved by Fourier methods, and the 1557 three-dimensional counter diffraction intensity data (CuKα) were used in a least-squares refinement to a conventional unweightedR of 0·053. The nickel atom is surrounded by the four oxygen atoms of the two acetylacetone ligands and the two oxygen atoms of the ethanol molecules, forming a tetragonally-distorted octahedron with acetylacetone oxygen atoms at 1·997 and 2·026 A and ethanol oxygen atoms at 2·140 A. Parallel molecules are linked into columns along theb-axis by hydrogen bonds between the ethanol oxygen atom of one molecule and an acetylacetone oxygen atom of a neighboring molecule.
Vacuolated Cytotrophoblast: A subpopulation of trophoblast in the chorion laeve

In summary, immunocytochemical analysis of the placenta and fetal membranes discloses two subpopulations of trophoblastic cells in the chorion laeve with distinct morphologic and immunocytochemical features. Both subpopulations are composed of mononucleate cells but one contains clear vacuolated cytoplasm whereas the other contains non-vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm. The vacuolated cells are placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) positive and human placental lactogen (hPL) negative, whereas the eosinophilic cells are PLAP negative and hPL positive. Both cell types contained immunoreactive keratin and epithelial membrane antigen, but are negative for human chorionic gonadotropin(beta), pregnancy specific beta I-glycoprotein, and prolactin. Electron microscopic studies of the vacuolated cells show that these cells contain numerous lucent non-membrane bound lipid droplets and pinocytotic vesicles. In addition they contain numerous intracellular filaments and desmosomes corresponding to the immuno-cytochemical localization of keratin. Their precise function is not clear, but the abundance of PLAP, an enzyme associated with absorption, suggests that these cells may be involved with maternal fetal transport. The vacuolated cells appear to be limited to the chorion. Their characteristic morphologic and immunocytochemical features and unique anatomic distribution suggests that they represent a distinctive subpopulation of trophoblastic cells for which we propose the term 'vacuolated cytotrophoblast'.
Child and adult literacy from a cognitive-developmental point of view: Comments on the articles by Dyson and Lytle

Abstract The question of similarities and differences in child and adult literacy is addressed by means of comments on the articles by Dyson and Lytle, with particular reference to the cognitive-developmental principles of active construction and progressive restructuring of knowledge. It is noted that the Dyson and Lytle articles, taken together, present evidence which supports and extends the view that fundamental knowledge of written language is actively constructed from a variety of cognitive and social resources by children and adults alike, although the resources and processes involved in that construction clearly vary to some extent, both between and within age groups. With regard to progressive restructuring, it is concluded that the extent to which children and adults go through similar sequences in constructing knowledge of written language has not been further elucidated, in that neither Dyson nor Lytle tried to identify general developmental sequences in the learners they studied. The importance of identifying such sequences is argued both on theoretical and pedagogical grounds, and it is suggested that progress toward a better understanding of literacy development would be enhanced by more focussed attention to the question of exactly what develops, within the broader perspectives on literacy that Dyson and Lytle have proposed.
Aggregation, gerrymandering, and spatial econometrics

Abstract Since the work of Cliff and Ord (1973), increasing attention has been paid to the unique statistical and econometric problems associated with the use of spatial or areal data. In this paper it will be shown that the way in which spatial data is aggregated, or gerrymandered, will alter the estimation results of a model. Specifically, a well known model developed by Kain to measure the loss in black jobs in a metropolitan area resulting from residential segregation will be estimated. It will be shown that by alternative areal aggregation, or gerrymandering, of the data it is possible to reach diametrically opposed conclusions (i.e., blacks either gain or lose jobs as a result of residential segregation using the same model.
The relation between myocardial 3H-digoxin concentration and its hemodynamic effects

Abstract The relation between myocardial digoxin concentration and its nemodynamic effects in the same animal was studied in 23 open chest anesthetized dogs with intact circulations given digoxin, 0.08 mg/kg body weight (0.04 mg/kg 3 H-digoxin) intravenously. During the succeeding 5 to 240 minutes, hemodynamic measurements were made, and plasma and myocardial 3 H-digoxin concentrations were determined. At 5 minutes there was no change in left ventricular dp/dt or right ventricular contractile force, but at 15 minutes 33 to 66 percent of peak positive inotropic effect was observed. Peak effect occurred at 60 minutes for the left ventricle, and at 180 minutes for the right ventricle. In contrast, myocardial 3 H-digoxin concentration increased more rapidly with 50 percent of maximal ventricular concentration present at 5 minutes and near maximal concentration reached at 15 minutes. Thus, the hemodynamic effects of digoxin lagged behind the myocardial 3 H-digoxin concentration. This finding suggested that the total myocardial 3 H-digoxin concentration was not the only determinant of the rate of onset and development of the inotropic effects of digoxin. Other possible determinants are discussed. An additional observation was the difference in distribution of 3 H-digoxin in the various parts of the heart and skeletal muscle. Right ventricular 3 H-digoxin concentrations were 78.2 percent, atrial concentrations 44.9 percent, and skeletal muscle concentrations 12.9 percent of left ventricular concentrations, which were about the same as those of the interventricular septum. One possible explanation offered for this observation is differences in blood flow to the various parts of the myocardium.
Regulation of Chlorella nitrate reductase: control of enzyme activity and immunoreactive protein levels by ammonia.

Abstract Nitrate reductase catalyzes the initial step in the conversion of nitrate to organic nitrogen and is thought to be repressed by ammonia and induced by nitrate. Induction by nitrate and repression by ammonia were studied by following changes in NADH: nitrate reductase and the associated partial activities NADH:cytochrome c reductase and methylviologen r :nitrate reductase. Immunoreactive protein was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Molybdenum cofactor levels were investigated using the nit-1 complementation assay as well as fluorescence of the oxidized cofactor. The results indicate that the NADH:cytochrome c reductase activity is “induced” faster than the nitrate-reducing activity and suggest that incorporation of the molybdo-pterin cofactor may be rate limiting in the expression of activity. Molybdenum cofactor levels are significantly elevated in nitrate-treated cells. Under “repressing” conditions all activities decreased at approximately the same rate. A more rapid conversion of the enzyme to a reversibly inactive form also occurred under these conditions. Changes in immunoreactive protein levels correlated most closely with NADH: cytochrome c reductase activity but appeared to increase faster during induction and decrease slightly slower during repression than the enzyme activities. Removal of exogenous ammonia results in the appearance of nitrate reducing activity, as well as immunoreactive protein (derepression). Studies using protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors indicated that de novo synthesis is required for nitrate reductase induction and were in agreement with the results of the immunoreactive studies.
Dimethoate residues in eggs and tissues of laying hens.

Hens were administered technical and emulsifiable dimethoate at a concentration of 30 ppm in drinking water for 59 weeks and then placed on untreated water. Eggs and tissues from hens slaughtered while on treatment, and 7, 14, 22, and 34 days after removal from treatment, were analyzed by a microcolorimetric method originally described for the analysis of diazinon, which involves the conversion of the thiono sulfur to methylene blue, which is determined spectrophotometrically at 670 mµ. The corrected limit of detectability for the various tissues were: yolk and albumin 0.122 ppm, breast muscle 0.052 ppm, fat 0.069 ppm, and liver 0.144 ppm. Residues beyond the sensitivity of the method were found only in the breast muscle of hens fed technical dimethoate and slaughtered while on treatment and 7 days after removal from treatment.
CMS/CMS : content management system/change management strategies

Purpose – Five web sites, five libraries, numerous departmental pages and thousands of pages of content explained, in part, why users found library resources difficult to navigate. Web redesign became a strategic initiative in 2001 and state funding enabled the purchase of a content management system (CMS). The purpose of this paper is to describe the systematic implementation of a CMS at Texas A&M LibrariesDesign/methodology/approach – The web implementation team (WIT) was formed to include a diverse group of people from all areas of the library and charged with responsibility for the overall management of the University Libraries' web site.Practical implications – Using a CMS to create the library's web presence is an important and expensive undertaking that requires coordinated management oversight. It also presents opportunities to reconsider the library's organizational structure and culture.Originality/value – This paper describes a management strategy that involves all areas of the organization, en...
Hydrothermal and thermal time models for the invasive grass, Arundo donax

Abstract Controlled laboratory and field experiments were performed to determine the developmental response to temperature and moisture of Arundo donax , a riparian invasive grass and potential bioenergy crop. A logistic function was parameterized and used to predict thermal times to sprouting and the nine-leaf stage. Consistent estimates of the base temperature ( T b ) and base water potential ( ψ b ) below which development ceases were obtained from various statistical and mathematical analyses. Estimates of T b and ψ b were 12.7 ± 1.7 °C and −1.56 ± 0.43 MPa, respectively, for the median fraction of sprouting rhizomes. Median hydrothermal time to sprouting was 124.1 MPa °Cd under laboratory conditions and median thermal times, or degree-day (°Cd), to sprouting and nine-leaf stage was estimated to be 94 and 129 °Cd under field conditions, respectively. A degree-day is defined as one day (24 h) spent one degree above T b . Results demonstrated that thermal time alone is sufficient to accurately predict time to sprouting under field conditions. Further, there may be a fixed moisture threshold of about 6% volumetric water content above which sprouting rate was constant. This threshold corresponded very closely to the −1.5 MPa for ψ b that was estimated under laboratory conditions for the soil typically infested by A. donax . This information is crucial for assessing risk of invasive spread for A. donax .
Wolfgang Bargmann (1906–1978) and Heinrich von Hayek (1900–1969): Careers in anatomy continuing through German National Socialism to postwar leadership

Summary None of the existing studies on the history of anatomy in National Socialism (NS) has yet explored the careers of those younger anatomists, whose professional development continued through NS times and who attained prominence in postwar German and Austrian anatomy. As they became modern anatomists’ teachers and role models, the revelation that men like Wolfgang Bargmann and Heinrich von Hayek had used bodies of the executed for research in their early careers has recently led to some consternation. This study contributes to the analysis of the moral challenges inherent to a science that relies on work with “material” from human bodies and its interaction with its political environment. The results reveal that Bargmann and Hayek behaved like most other anatomists at the time, in that they used bodies of the executed for research and in that they joined the NS party or other NS political groups. As ambitious and successful young anatomists they may have felt that an early joining of NS affiliations was inevitable for the advancement of their careers. They and most of their colleagues became in some measure complicit with the NS regime. The complicated biographical realities of such luminous postwar figures as Bargmann and Hayek should lead modern anatomists to the questioning of their own ethical and political decisions in politically less demanding times.
The Products of the spoVA Operon Are Involved in Dipicolinic Acid Uptake into Developing Spores of Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis cells with mutations in the spoVA operon do not complete sporulation. However, a spoVA strain with mutations that remove all three of the spore’s functional nutrient germinant receptors (termed the ger3 mutations) or the cortex lytic enzyme SleB (but not CwlJ) did complete sporulation. ger3 spoVA and sleB spoVA spores lack dipicolinic acid (DPA) and have lower core wet densities and levels of wet heat resistance than wild-type or ger3 spores. These properties of ger3 spoVA and sleB spoVA spores are identical to those of ger3 spoVF and sleB spoVF spores that lack DPA due to deletion of the spoVF operon coding for DPA synthetase. Sporulation in the presence of exogenous DPA restored DPA levels in ger3 spoVF spores to 53% of the wild-type spore levels, but there was no incorporation of exogenous DPA into ger3 spoVA spores. These data indicate that one or more products of the spoVA operon are involved in DPA transport into the developing forespore during sporulation.
Carbon storage in southern boreal forests following fire

>Changes in carbon (C) after fire were measured in seven southern boreal upland forest stands during the five immediate post‐fire years and 23 years after the fire. Pre‐fire above‐ground C mass of the stands was estimated. Combustion losses were 19% of the pre‐fire above‐ground C mass (8.4 kg m−2), and an additional 4% of that C mass was lost in the following 3–4 years. After 23 years, neither C mass of understory (0.1 kg m−2) nor standing snags (0.3 kg m−2) differed from that estimated before the fire; tree C was less (2.4 vs. 6.0 kg C m−2), and forest floor (2.5 vs. 1.4 kg C m−2) and coarse woody debris (1.7 vs. 0.7 kg C m−2) C were higher. Above‐ground C mass was 84% of pre‐fire mass. There were no measured changes in surface soil C following the fire (2.9 kg C m−2). Total C mass, including surface soil, was 10.2 kg m−2 at 23 years or 91% of the estimated pre‐fire C. Although gross fluxes of C followed the fire, massive net losses of C did not occur either immediately or in the two decades after fire. ...
Development of a Human Head-Neck Computational Model for Assessing Blast Injury

A finite element model (FEM) of the human head attached to a Hybrid III FEM neck was developed to study the effects of blast loading on the brain. Simulations of blast loading to this Human Head Finite Element Model (HHFEM) were generated by creating a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the HHFEM headform in a shock tube. Three different driver pressure loading conditions from experimental testing of the Human Surrogate Head Model (HSHM) were simulated by this model. The pressure time histories at each grid point of the CFD headform were used as inputs to the HHFEM. Brain/cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and CSF/skull boundary conditions along with different brain material models were considered. The Kelvin-Maxwell material model and a low friction surface-to-surface interface were found to best replicate conditions seen in experimental testing of the HSHM. Deformations in the anterior and posterior locations of the brain varied from 0.5–0.9 mm and intracranial pressures at those locations were between 32 and 55 kPa.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Optical properties of Feedhorn‐coupled TES polarimeters for CMB polarimetry

We present data characterizing the optical properties of feedhorn‐coupled TES polarimeters useful for future CMB measurements. In this detector architecture, TES bolometers are coupled to radiation through superconducting microstrip to a planar ortho‐mode transducer inserted into waveguide. Filters in the microstrip define the pass bands for the detectors. We will present measurements of the co‐polar optical efficiency, the cross‐polar isolation and the detector bandpass and compare these results to expectations from simulations.
Application of a process friendly morpholine synthesis to (S,S)-Reboxetine

We report our results on the construction of a morpholine ring system from the corresponding epoxide and amino alcohol. From this study, we were able to convert a previous four-step synthesis into a more efficient two-step process.
Vertical distribution and isotopic fractionation of living planktonic foraminifera from the Panama Basin

A model1,2, which explains the vertical and seasonal distribution of planktonic foraminifera was developed using data from the western North Atlantic and is comprised of three tenets: (1) The conditions in the photic zone (upper 80–100 m) exclusively dictate planktonic foraminifera species composition and abundance throughout the water column. (2) Species are vertically stratified within the photic zone according to their temperature preference. Depth distribution according to temperature preference has been proposed by several authors3 based on isotope analyses of sediments. Due to seasonal temperature variations, seasonal variations in the δ18O composition of seawater, and species-specific isotope fractionation, rigorous proof of this hypothesis cannot be provided from sediment analyses alone. (3) The chlorophyll maximum is a major food source zone, which is preferentially exploited by foraminifera. Our data from the Panama Basin, which are presented here, are confirmation of this model. The Panama Basin in the eastern equatorial Pacific, which has a shallow and steep thermocline, was sampled for living planktonic foraminifera. A multiple opening–closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS)4 was used to collect 13 sets of eight vertically stratified oblique samples. We report here the quantitative distribution and stable isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from four MOCNESS tows taken over 5 days, during August 1979 (RV Knorr cruise 73) at 5°20′ N, 8°50′ W. Each tow consisted of eight samples which integrated ∼12.5-m intervals from 0 to 100 m for MOC 126, 25-m intervals from 0 to 200 m for MOC 127, 100–150-m intervals from 0 to 1,000 m on MOC 128 and 250-m intervals from 0 to 2,000 m on MOC 131.
Effects of long-term hypoxia and development on cardiac contractile proteins in fetal and adult sheep.

We studied the effect of long-term, high-altitude hypoxia on cardiac myosin, actin, and troponin T (TnT) isoforms and Ca2+ and Mg2+-activated myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities in fetal and adult sheep. We exposed pregnant (beginning at day 30 of gestation) and nonpregnant sheep to high altitude (3820 m) for 110 days. Myosin, actin, and TnT isoforms were analyzed by Western analysis. In purified myofibrillar preparations, Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATPase activities were measured by the appearance of inorganic phosphate after the addition of NaATP and various concentrations of either calcium or magnesium to the reaction mixture. We found no change in myosin, actin, or TnT isoform composition after exposure to long-term hypoxia in either fetal or adult sheep. However, Mg2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase activity decreased significantly in the right ventricle of both fetus and adult after hypoxic exposure. There was also a significant maturational increase in both Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATPase activity in control animals. The decrease in Mg2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase activity might affect the decrease in cardiac contractility previously noted in the right ventricle of fetal sheep after exposure to long-term hypoxia. Likewise, the increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+-activated ATPase activities from the fetus to adult could partially explain the previously found maturational increase in cardiac contractility.
Yield Characteristics and Relationships to Body Measurements of Commercial Strains of Turkeys

Abstract INTRODUCTION MORE detailed information on yield characteristics of various poultry meats is desirable as further processing assumes increased importance. This method of selling poultry as further processed items may reduce vulnerability to price fluctuations and expand total per capita usage of poultry meat (Rogers et al., 1966). MacNeil and Buss (1968) reported that total skin yields from various strains of turkeys could range from 5.8 to 12.4 percent of the dressed carcass while breast meat yield varied from 31.2 to 37.4 percent. Hartung and Froning (1968) reported variety differences in one meat yield test but could not detect any strain differences in a second test. In addition they reported skin yields for Broad Breasted Bronze at 24 weeks to be 13.7 percent with that of Broad Breasted White being 10.7 percent. Miller (1968) indicated that total meat yield of the carcass does not reflect the distribution of meat in the…
Structural specificity and tumoricidal action of methyl-3,5-diiodo-4-(4'-methoxyphenoxy) benzoate (DIME)

Seventeen homologs and analogs of methyl-3,5-diiodo-4(4'-methoxyphenoxy) benzoate (DIME), a hormonally inactive analog of thyroid hormones, have been synthesized and their antitumor activity scored by assaying their antitumorigenic effect in vivo following pretreatment of E-ras 20 cells with the drug. In vivo feeding of DIME in large doses had a similar antitumor effect on human tumor xenogafts in vivo without noticeable toxicity of DIME. Inhibition of clonogenicity with MDA-MB-231 cells by DIME yielded I-50 values similar to those found in tests measuring cell growth inhibition (median I-50 less than 1.0 mu M) The apparent ultimate signal for cytocidal action of DIME is the development of dose-dependent double strand cuts of DNA. All human tumor cells so far tested, with the exception of A-549 cells (lung cancer), show high sensitivity to DIME (I-50 1.0 mu M or below). The partially refractory behavior of A-549 cells to DIME is due to the presence of an esterase that cleaves the methyl ester group of DIME. Other tumor cells have negligible esterase activity, while such activity in homogenates of normal mouse tissues is high. Cells in culture take up DIME and the magnitude of uptake parallels drug sensitivity to DIME. Extrapolation from the correlations between drug efficacy, drug uptake, esterase activity and the absence of significant in vivo toxicity of DIME point to uptake of DIME by cells in culture but not by normal cells operating in intact organs in vivo. In contrast, tumor cells in vivo take up DIME and succumb to its cytocidal action just like cells in culture.
Fatigue strength as a function of preloading in dynamic fatigue testing of glass and ceramics

The solution of fatigue strength as a function of preloading in dynamic fatigue (constant stress-rate) testing was obtained analytically and numerically. The effect of preloading on dynamic fatigue strength decreases with increasing fatigue parameter (n), and for n ≥ 20 the effect is negligible up to a preloading of 90 percent. The solution was verified by dynamic fatigue experiments conducted with soda-lime glass and alumina specimens in room-temperature distilled water. This result showed that one can apply a preloading corresponding up to 90 percent of fatigue strength for most glass and ceramic materials, resulting in a dramatic saving of testing time in dynamic fatigue testing. The key feature that makes this technique feasible is that most of the slow crack growth under dynamic fatigue loading occurs close to failure time where the dynamic fatigue strength is defined.
Information seeking behavior of Mongolian scholars

This poster presents the preliminary results of the study on information needs and information seeking behavior of Mongolian scholars, which was conducted in the summer of 2006
Anaesthetic outcome and predictive risk factors in children with mediastinal tumours

Purpose The aims were to identify and test the significance of specific factors associated with risks for anaesthesia in children with mediastinal tumours. Patients and Method Clinical information was retrospectively collected from the records of 63 children presented with mediastinal tumour (1964–2002) in a regional Paediatric Oncology centre and correlated with the type and outcome of anaesthesia, using non-parametric analyses. Results Thirteen patients had local anaesthesia or sedation for diagnostic procedures and none developed any complication. Fifty children received general anaesthesia (GA) for diagnostic investigations or tumour resection. Two patients were excluded from the analysis because of treatment prior to GA. Problems with intubation, ventilation and cardiovascular collapse were encountered in 7 of 48 (15%) patients and this resulted in tracheostomy in one patient and death in 2 other cases. When compared with the 41 uncomplicated cases, the presence of at least 3 respiratory symptoms/signs, tracheal and vascular compression, and infection significantly increased the risk of GA. Of these, tracheal compression remained the strongest predictive factor. Conclusions Decision to postpone GA should be considered if all these risk factors (tracheal compression, vascular compression, the presence of at least three respiratory symptoms/signs) are present in the same patient. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:160–164. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The GIG: An Innovative Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infection in a Latino Community

SUMMARY The GIG1 is an innovative community based intervention which offers education regarding pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks and prevention in the context of a social event that is open to the adolescent community. This intensive, six hour intervention features live and recorded music, celebrities from local radio stations, raffles and prizes, and a number of educational activities providing instruction regarding pregnancy and STI risks and prevention. A total of 609 Latino adolescents completed matched pre and posttest measures. The increase in the total mean score from pretest to posttest was found to be statistically significant, as were the separate analyses for items related to pregnancy and those related to STIs. Information regarding specific attitudes and areas of knowledge are provided. Important intervention components related to the research literature are discussed along with areas of success, especially with regard to risk factors, and those in need of further atte...
Na adsorption on Si(100): Equilibrium results

Abstract The adsorption of Na on Si(100) was studied using “equilibrium” experiments in which a collimated atomic beam provides an effective Na pressure, and the steady state coverage depends on the temperature of the sample. As the coverage increased, the Na induced a structural change in the Si substrate from a 2 × 1 to a third-order structure (2 × 3 or 3 × 2). then through an incommensurate phase back to a 2 × 1 structure. Isosteric heats of adsorption are derived from the isobars. We present a possible mode] for the third-order structure.
Forming attachments in foster care: infant attachment behaviors during the first 2 months of placement.

This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant‐caregiver dyads over the first 2 months of placement. We used the Parent Attachment Diary to measure foster infants’ daily attachment behaviors, the Adult Attachment Interview to examine foster parents’ attachment states of mind, and Ainsworth’s Strange Situation to capture attachment classifications. We examined differences in diary scales ~secure, avoidant, resistant, and coherence! as they related to age at placement and foster parent attachment, using hierarchical linear modeling and analyses of variance. The results indicated infants with autonomous foster parents and infants placed at younger ages showed higher early and overall levels of secure behavior, less avoidant behavior, and more coherent attachment strategies compared to infants placed with nonautonomous foster parents. Changes in attachment behaviors over time were not predicted by the models; however, there was a significant decrease in the daily coherence of attachment behaviors associated with Strange Situation disorganization. Finally, we found significant concordance between the diary and Strange Situation scales for secure and avoidant behaviors.
Third International Conference on Databases in the Humanities and Social Sciences

The third International Conference on Data Bases in the Humanities and Social Sciences was held on June 10–12, 1983, at Rutgers University, sponsored by the Rutgers University Libraries, with financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and Rutgers University.
Retroviral expression of FGF-2 (bFGF) affects patterning in chick limb bud

To investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor-2 (basic fibroblast growth factor) in chick limb development, we constructed a replication-defective spleen necrosis virus to ectopically express fibroblast growth factor-2 in stage 2022 chick limb bud. Because infecting cells in vivo proved to be inefficient, limb bud cells were dissociated, infected in vitro, and then grafted back into host limbs. This procedure caused duplications of anterior skeletal elements, including proximal humerus, distal radius, and digits 2 and 3. Eighty-nine percent of host wings receiving infected grafts at their anterior borders had duplications of one or more of these elements. The frequency of duplication declined dramatically when infected cells were grafted to progressively more posterior sites of host limb buds, and grafting to the posterior border had no effect at all. Several techniques were used to determine the role of infected tissue in forming skeletal duplications. First, staining with an fibroblast growth factor-2 specific monoclonal antibody showed higher than endogenous levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 expression associated with extra elements. Second, the host/donor composition of duplicated elements was determined by simultaneously infecting donor cells with viruses encoding fibroblast growth factor-2 or β-galactosidase; donor tissue was then visualized by X-gal staining. Patterns of ectopic fibroblast growth factor-2 expression and X-gal staining confirmed the presence of infected donor tissue near duplicated structures, but the duplicated skeletal elements themselves showed very little staining. Similar results were obtained in duplications caused by infected quail wing bud cells grafted to the chick wing bud. These observations suggest that fibroblast growth factor-2expressing donor tissue induced host tissue to form normally patterned extra elements. In support of this conclusion, implanting beads containing fibroblast growth factor-2 caused partial duplications of digit 2. These data provide the first direct evidence that fibroblast growth factor-2 plays a role in patterning in the limb bud. SUMMARY