cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fracture/Luxations of the Sacrococcygeal Area in the Cat: A Retrospective Study of 51 Cases

Traumatic injury of the sacrococcygeal area occurs frequently in young cats of either sex. Case records of 51 cats with injury to this area that were treated at The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Injuries of other structures also were present in 84.3% of the cats. Temporary or permanent urinary incontinence was observed in 37 of the 51 cats. The prognosis was good for return of normal urinary function in cats that had anal tone and perineal sensation at the time of initial examination. Rear limb, tail, and urination dysfunction generally returned to normal within 1 month. Cats that were unable to urinate normally within 1 month after the injury did not recover normal urination habits during the 2 to 36 month follow-up period.
The compctition between martensite and omega in quenched Ti-Nb alloys

A careful experimental study of the phase transformations which occur in annealed β phase Ti-Nb alloys during quenching has been completed. The compctition of the α″ and ω phases to form in alloys of 20 to 70 at. pct Nb was investigated as a function of quench rate and alloy composition. Particular attention was paid to the interstitial content and chemical homogeneity of the alloys. The martensitic α″ phase was found only in 20 and 25 at. pct Nb alloys, and then only using fast water quenches of ~300 °C/sec. Under slower quench conditions,e.g., ~0.3 to 3 °C/sec, ω phase precipitates were found in these alloys and in 30 and 35 at. pct Nb alloys. Evidence of “diffuse” ω phase precipitation was observed in alloys up to 50 at. pct Nb. Only alloys of 60 and 70 at. pct Nb were found to retain the single phaseβ structure upon quenching. These results constitute the first part of a study of the stable and metastable equilibria of the Ti-Nb alloy system.
A chronocoulometric study of the adsorption of the edta and hedta complexes of ruthenium(III) at mercury electrodes

Abstract The adsorption of both RuIII(edta) and RuIII(hedta) at mercury electrodes is substantial in supporting electrolytes free of ligands that can bind to the open coordination position on the Ru(III) center. A surface “condensation reaction” is suggested to produce the adsorption, but the precise nature of the reaction is unclear. The depression of the adsorption when thiocyanate anion coordinates to RuIII(edta) suggests that the coordination may involve the sulfur rather than the nitrogen atom of thiocyanate.
Interspecific communication from people to horses (Equus ferus caballus) is influenced by different horsemanship training styles

The ability of many domesticated animals to follow human pointing gestures to locate hidden food has led to scientific debate on the relative importance of domestication and individual experience on the origins and development of this capacity. To further explore this question, we examined the influence of different prior training histories/methods on the ability of horses (Equus ferus caballus) to follow a momentary distal point. Ten horses previously trained using one of two methods (Parelli™ natural horsemanship or traditional horse training) were tested using a standard object choice task. The results show that neither group of horses was initially able to follow the momentary distal point. However, after more experience with the point, horses previously trained using the Parelli natural horsemanship method learned to follow momentary distal points significantly faster than those previously trained with traditional methods. The poor initial performance of horses on distal pointing tasks, coupled with the finding that prior training history and experimental experience can lead to success on this task, fails to support the predictions of the domestication hypothesis and instead lends support to the two-stage hypothesis.
Design of force/position controllers for manipulators

The paper presents simple methods for the design of adaptive force and position controllers for robot manipulators within the hybrid control architecture. The force controller is composed of an adaptive PID feedback controller, an auxiliary signal and a force feedforward term, and achieves tracking of desired force setpoints in the constraint directions. The position controller consists of adaptive feedback and feedforward controllers and an auxiliary signal; and accomplishes tracking of desired position trajectories in the free directions. The controllers are capable of compensating for dynamic cross-couplings that exist between the position and force control loops in the hybrid control architecture. The adaptive controllers do not require knowledge of the complex dynamic model or parameter values of the manipulator or the environment. The proposed control schemes are computationally fast and suitable for implementation in on-line control with high sampling rates.
Upscaling microbial chemotaxis in porous media

Biodegradation is an important mechanism for contaminant reduction in groundwater environments; in fact, in situ bioremediation and bioaugmentation methods represent alternatives to traditional methods such as pump-and-treat. Microbial chemotaxis has been shown to significantly increase contaminant degradation in subsurface environments. In this work, the method of volume averaging is used to upscale the microscale chemotactic microbial transport equations in order to obtain the corresponding effective medium models for the mass balance of bacteria and the chemical attractant to which they respond. As a first approach, cellular growth/death and consumption of the attractant by chemical reaction are assumed to be negligible with respect to convective and diffusive transport mechanisms. For microorganisms, two effective coefficients are introduced, namely a total motility tensor and a total velocity vector. Our results show that, under certain conditions, these coefficients can differ considerably from the values corresponding to non-chemotactic transport. These transport coefficients show strong dependence of the microstructure of the porous medium, the fluid flow fields and the distribution of the attractant.
A review of the evidence supporting melatonin's role as an antioxidant

This survey summarizes the findings, accumulated within the last 2 years, concerning melatonin's role in defending against toxic free radicals. Free radicals are chemical constituents that have an unpaired electron in their outer orbital and, because of this feature, are highly reactive. Inspired oxygen, which sustains life, also is harmful because up to 5% of the oxygen (O2) taken in is converted to oxygen-free radicals. The addition of a single electron to O2 produces the superoxide anion radical (O2-.); O2-. is catalytic-reduced by superoxide dismutase, to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Although H2O2 is not itself a free radical, it can be toxic at high concentrations and, more importantly, it can be reduced to the hydroxyl radical (.OH). The .OH is the most toxic of the oxygen-based radicals and it wreaks havoc within cells, particularly with macromolecules. In recent in vitro studies, melatonin was shown to be a very efficient neutralizer of the .OH; indeed, in the system used to test its free radical scavenging ability it was found to be significantly more effective than the well known antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), in doing so. Likewise, melatonin has been shown to stimulate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in neural tissue; GSH-PX metabolizes reduced glutathione to its oxidized form and in doing so it converts H2O2 to H2O, thereby reducing generation of the .OH by eliminating its precursor. More recent studies have shown that melatonin is also a more efficient scavenger of the peroxyl radical than is vitamin E. The peroxyl radical is generated during lipid peroxidation and propagates the chain reaction that leads to massive lipid destruction in cell membranes. In vivo studies have demonstrated that melatonin is remarkably potent in protecting against free radical damage induced by a variety of means. Thus, DNA damage resulting from either the exposure of animals to the chemical carcinogen safrole or to ionizing radiation is markedly reduced when melatonin is co-administered. Likewise, the induction of cataracts, generally accepted as being a consequence of free radical attack on lenticular macromolecules, in newborn rats injected with a GSH-depleting drug are prevented when the animals are given daily melatonin injections. Also, paraquat-induced lipid peroxidation in the lungs of rats is overcome when they also receive melatonin during the exposure period. Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that inflicts at least part of its damage by generating free radicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Surface phonons of p(2 x 2) structures: The effect bond-stretching interactions.

We present here lattice-dynamical calculations of the dispersion of the surface phonons of p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) structures of oxygen on Pt(111) and Ni(100) to illustrate the importance of bond-stretching interactions between the adsorbate atom and nearest-neighbor substrate atoms. We show that only with the inclusion of such an interaction can we explain the observed gap in the Rayleigh wave frequency at the reduced-Brillouin-zone boundary and the presence of several modes along the \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-M\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} direction for the oxygen overlayer on Pt(111). In the case of the same overlayer on Ni(100), this interaction is essential in reproducing the observed dispersion of the adsorbate modes along the \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-X\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} direction and in understanding the origin of the low-lying resonance modes in the spectrum.
Thermal stability of Ni–Mn electrodeposits

Abstract The effect of Mn additions on the structural stability of electrodeposited Ni is investigated by comparing the microstructure evolution of Ni and Ni–Mn specimens with similar crystallographic initial textures. As deposited, Ni–Mn electrodeposits have a smaller crystallite size and substantially higher yield strength than Ni deposits, in agreement with the Hall–Petch relationship. Moreover, dilute Ni–Mn electrodeposits exhibit a thermal stability that significantly exceeds that of pure Ni. Indeed, Ni–Mn retains its texture, fine-grain microstructure, and strength above 500 °C (for 1 h anneal), and does not recrystallize up to 800 °C. In contrast, pure Ni with larger average grain size and similar preferred orientation shows abnormal grain growth at 300 °C and recrystallization at 600 °C. This study suggests two distinct temperature regimes. Below 600 °C, grain boundary segregation appears as a plausible mechanism for the thermal stability of Ni–Mn electrodeposits, whereas grain boundary pinning by precipitation contributes to the improved microstructural stability of Ni–Mn above 600 °C.
Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the central North Pacific Ocean

The origin of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the ocean has been long debated. Whereas Mantoura and Woodward1 have used the conservative nature of DOC in a British estuary to conclude that ≥50% of DOC in the oceans could be river-derived, recent lignin results in the equatorial Pacific2 have indicated that ≤10% of the DOC is potentially of terrestrial origin. In addition, the δ13C signature (relative to the PDB standard) of DOC ranges from –20 to –24‰ (refs 3,4), indicating that the primary source of DOC is from marine-derived organic carbon. Here we present the first detailed profile of radiocarbon measured in DOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the oligotrophic gyre of the central North Pacific. δ14C (per mil deviation from the activity of 19th-century wood) of DOC ranged from –150‰ (1,310 yr BP) in surface waters to –540‰ (6,240 yr BP) at 5,710 m, 40 m off the bottom, where these 'apparent ages' or 'residence times' are mean values for the combined constituents of the DOC. The surprising similarity in the shapes of the profiles of δ14C in the DOC and DIC pools suggests that similar processes are controlling the radiocarbon distribution in each of the two reservoirs and that bomb-produced radiocarbon has penetrated the DOC + DIC pools to a depth of ˜900 m. The depletion of the δ14C DOC values by 300‰ with respect to the δ14C DIC values suggests that a certain fraction of the DOC is recycled within the ocean on longer time-scales than DIC.
Aerosol release from aerated broths.

Release of liquid droplets from aerated liquids is a commonly occurring process, both in nature and in many industrial operations. Aerosol particles are generated in bioreactors due to aeration of the fermentation media or due to evolution of gases produced by the activity of microorganisms. These aerosol particles may contain harmful biological materials’-’ that potentially cause an environmental hazard. Knowledge of the concentration and size of the particles is necessary to prevent environmental contamination by installation of appropriate control devices. The mechanism of formation of droplets during the bursting of a single bubble on the surface of a liquid has been extensively studied.*-” The air bubble generated in the bulk of the liquid travels upward toward the liquid surface, and it forms a hemispherical film cap above the liquid surface. The bubble stays on the surface due to equilibrium between the buoyancy and surface tension forces. As the liquid from the bubble film drains due to gravity and suction from the negative curvature of the film surface, the film becomes thinner and weaker until the bubble bursts. Fragments of the broken film spread out forming a large number of small particles (film droplets). The number of film droplets produced from a single bubble increases with the bubble size.429.” The bursting bubble causes a sudden pressure change. As the liquid depression is filled by the surrounding liquid, a jet is created at the center. Disintegration of this jet results in the formation of a few large droplets (jet droplets). The mechanism described above has been observed for the bursting of single bubbles in pure nonfoaming liquids. In many industrial processes several bubbles reach the liquid surface simultaneously. For such processes the mechanism of aerosol generation is more complex due to interaction between the bubbles. Fermentation broths usually have strong foaming properties, and aeration of such broths produces a layer of foam above the liquid surface that may have an influence on the generation of aerosols.
The probability‐viewpoint in hydrology

Perhaps the first reaction to the title of this paper may be “why discuss probability? If that approach in hydrology has not already been discarded, it ought to be.” Certainly the critical attitude toward studies of probability expressed in much recent engineering literature would suggest this conclusion. The following quotation from an article “Possible and probable future floods” by William P. Creager in the November, 1939, issue of Civil Engineering is representative: “About 1914 the theory of probabilities was applied to flood studies; that is, curves were derived indicating by past records on a stream the frequency with which, during a long period, a given flood should be expected. Notwithstanding the fact that periods of record sometimes did not exceed 20 years and very seldom exceeded 30 or 40 years, these probability-curves were extrapolated to estimate the flood which would be expected during long periods—once in 1,000, 5,000, 10,000 years, etc. Then, according to the judgment of the engineer, the 1,000-, 5,000-, or 10,000-year flood was selected for the design-capacity of the spillway.
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) are associated with anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), a thrombotic disorder, but they are also frequently detected in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a bleeding disorder. To investigate possible differences of APLA between these two disorders, we assayed IgG and IgM APLA by ELISA in 21 patients with ITP and 33 with APS. The APLA reacting against two protein target antigens, beta(2)-glycoprotein 1 (beta2GP1) and FVII/VIIa, and four phospholipids [cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)] as well as lupus anticoagulant (LA) were analyzed. We made the following observations: (i) IgG and IgM antibodies to beta2GP1 and IgM antibodies to FVII/VIIa were more common in APS than ITP, P or =3 antigens) were more frequent in APS than ITP, P < 0.05; (iii) LA was frequently associated with APS but was absent in ITP; (iv) APLA is quite common in ITP: two-thirds were positive for at least one APLA. In summary, APLA are prevalent in ITP but their profile differs from APS. In APS, antibodies were predominantly against beta2GP1 and 80% had positive LA, while in ITP the APLA reacted most often with the phospholipids without LA. The difference in APLA may result in opposite clinical manifestations in two disorders.
Yolk sac–derived primitive erythroblasts enucleate during mammalian embryogenesis

The enucleated definitive erythrocytes of mammals are unique in the animal kingdom. The observation that yolk sac-derived primitive erythroid cells in mammals circulate as nucleated cells has led to the conjecture that they are related to the red cells of fish, amphibians, and birds that remain nucleated throughout their life span. In mice, primitive red cells express both embryonic and adult hemoglobins, whereas definitive erythroblasts accumulate only adult hemoglobins. We investigated the terminal differentiation of murine primitive red cells with use of antibodies raised to embryonic beta H1-globin. Primitive erythroblasts progressively enucleate between embryonic days 12.5 and 16.5, generating mature primitive erythrocytes that are similar in size to their nucleated counterparts. These enucleated primitive erythrocytes circulate as late as 5 days after birth. The enucleation of primitive red cells in the mouse embryo has not previously been well recognized because it coincides with the emergence of exponentially expanding numbers of definitive erythrocytes from the fetal liver. Our studies establish a new paradigm in the understanding of primitive erythropoiesis and support the concept that primitive erythropoiesis in mice shares many similarities with definitive erythropoiesis of mammals.
12-Step Interventions and Mutual Support Programs for Substance Use Disorders: An Overview

Social workers and other behavioral health professionals are likely to encounter individuals with substance use disorders in a variety of practice settings outside of specialty treatment. 12-Step mutual support programs represent readily available, no cost community-based resources for such individuals; however, practitioners are often unfamiliar with such programs. The present article provides a brief overview of 12-Step programs, the positive substance use and psychosocial outcomes associated with active 12-Step involvement, and approaches ranging from ones that can be utilized by social workers in any practice setting to those developed for specialty treatment programs to facilitate engagement in 12-Step meetings and recovery activities. The goal is to familiarize social workers with 12-Step approaches so that they are better able to make informed referrals that match clients to mutual support groups that best meet the individual's needs and maximize the likelihood of engagement and positive outcomes.
Replication of herpes simplex virus type I DNA in permeabilized infected cells

Abstract Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV)-infected Vero cells can be permeabilized by a combination of hypotonic shock and a mild emulsifier, gum arabic. Permeabilized cells will incorporate triphosphate precursors into viral and host DNA in vitro in ratios similar to those seen in vivo. This reaction is ATP-dependent and is shown to be replicative by the single strand density shift of DNA synthesized in the presence of BrdUTP. The product is heterogeneous in size, and contains a significant proportion of rapidly sedimenting forms and of unit size (55S) viral DNA. The presence of polyamines and EGTA (a specific chelator of Ca2+ ions) in the labeling medium is shown to be necessary to maintain the integrity of the replicating DNA. The average size of newly synthesized single strands, however, is smaller than seen in vivo. The reaction is sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid added at the time of labeling, at concentrations which inhibit in vivo synthesis only after one hour of pre-exposure. These properties make permeabilized cell monolayers an attractive system for the study of HSV DNA replication.
Behavior therapy for asthma: A review

Abstract The paper reviews 24 case studies and experiments which assess behavior therapy for asthma or some collateral behavior management problem. The reports are examined in terms of treatment population, design, dependent variable, technique, outcome, and follow-up. Methodological and instrumentation suggestions are made for future research.
Changes in AMPA receptor-spliced variant expression and shift in AMPA receptor spontaneous desensitization pharmacology during cerebellar granule cell maturation in vitro

Using appropriate internal standards, quantitative reverse transcripase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cerebellar granule cell (CG) in primary cultures we have quantified the expression of mRNAs encoding for GluR1–4dl-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits during neuronal maturation in vitro. GluR1 is the mRNA that increases during CG maturation; the expression changes of the other GluR mRNAs are minimal and the translation products of these mRNAs change with a similar pattern. During CG maturation, there is an 8- to 10-fold increase in the GluR1 FLOP mRNA and a twofold increase in the expression of FLOP mRNA for GluR4 and GluR4C. The GluR1 FLIP mRNA increases, but by a smaller extent. We found that the GluR2 mRNA is completely edited at its Q/R site during CG maturation. The increase on the expression of GluR1 FLIP and FLOP and of GluR4 FLOP mRNA variants during development is associated with a 10-fold increase in AMPA-mediated Na+ currents and in the increased amplification of this current by 7-chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4benzothiadiazine S-S-dioxide (IDRA21) or by 6-chloro-3,4dihydro-3-(2-norbornen-5-yl)-7-sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1 dioxide (cyclothiazide [CT]).
Diffusion of moxalactam into the cerebrospinal fluid in children with bacterial meningitis

We studied the penetration of moxalactam into the cerebrospinal fluid of 16 children (age range onemonth to 41/2 years) who were being treated for bacterial meningitis. Two hours after single intravenous doses of 15 or 25 mg/kg, moxalactam was detectable in the CSF in only one of 11 instances; however, following three doses (50 mg/kg each) moxalactam was detectable in eight of 17 instances. In these eight instances CSF concentrations of moxalactam ranged between 1.5 and 18.9 μg/ml (mean 7.7) and the CSF/plasma ratio ranged from 2.6 to 36% (mean 17.7). There was no relation between the stage of meningitis or the CSF cell count and the diffusion of the drug into the CSF. However, the diffusion of the drug significantly correlated with the CSF protein content. In view of the unpredictability of moxalactam penetration into CSF, caution should be exercised in using it alone in the treatment of meningitis.
Multiplexing of sensors based on fibre-optic differential delay RF filters

The letter describes frequency-division multiplexing of intensity modulation filtering sensors. The feasibility of the scheme was demonstrated by multiplexing a pressure sensor, measured over the range 0–500 psi, and a temperature sensor, measured over the range 10–40°C.
DFNA25, a Novel Locus for Dominant Nonsyndromic Hereditary Hearing Impairment, Maps to 12q21-24

Using linkage analysis, we identified a novel dominant locus, DFNA25, for delayed-onset, progressive, high-frequency, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in a large, multigenerational United States family of Czech descent. On the basis of recombinations in affected individuals, we determined that DFNA25 is located in a 20-cM region of chromosome 12q21-24 between D12S327 (centromeric) and D12S84 (telomeric), with a maximum two-point LOD score of 6.82, at recombination fraction .041, for D12S1030. Candidate genes in this region include ATP2A2, ATP2B1, UBE3B, and VR-OAC. DFNA25 may be the human ortholog of bronx waltzer (bv).
Derivative encoding for parallel magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To introduce a linear shift-invariant relationship between the partial derivatives of k space signals acquired using multichannel receive coils and to demonstrate that k space derivatives can be used for image unwrapping.Methods: Fourier transform of k space derivatives contains information on the spatial origins of aliased pixels; therefore, images can be reconstructed by k space derivatives. Fully sampled phantom and brain images acquired at 3 T using a standard eight channel receive coil were used to validate the k space derivatives theorem by unwrapping aliased images.Results: Derivative encoding leads to new methods for parallel imaging reconstruction in both k space and image domains. Noise amplification in sensitivity encoding image reconstruction, which is considered to produce the optimal SNR, can be further reduced using k space derivative encoding without making any assumptions on the characteristics of the images to be reconstructed.Conclusions: This work demonstrated that the partial derivative of the k space signal acquired from one coil with respect to one direction can be expressed as a sum of partial derivatives of signals from multiple coils with respect to the perpendicular k space direction(s). This relationship between the partial derivatives of k space signals is linear and shift-invariant in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Interpreting Colonel Amirouche (Aït Hamouda): a book review essay

Akfadou: Un an avec le colonel Amirouche, by Hamou Amirouche, Algiers, Algeria, Casbah Editions, 2009, 458 pp., 650 DA (paperback), ISBN 978-9-961-64856-8 Amirouche, une vie, deux morts, un testame...
Cutaneous expressions of antiphospholipid syndromes

The cutaneous clinical signs of antiphospholipid syndromes are expressed as stagnation of blood flow as livedo reticularis, purplish erythematous macules of acral areas, or end result of thrombosis as ulcers and necrosis (Fig. 6) (Table 1). Corresponding histological signs are reflected as thrombosis of dermal blood vessels (Fig. 7).
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR INDIRECT CT LYMPHOGRAPHY

In this investigation, we applied quantitative CT methods to characterize contrast enhanced lymph nodes opacified using iodinated contrast media for indirect CT lymphography. Iodinated nanoparticles were injected into the buccal submucosa and SQ into the metatarsus and metacarpus of four normal swine (1.0-4.0 ml/site, 76 mg I/ml). Attenuation (HU), volume (cm3), iodine concentration (mg I/cm3), total iodine uptake (mg I), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and percent injected dose (%ID) were estimated in opacified inguinal, cervical and parotid/mandibular lymph nodes using manual image segmentation techniques on 24 hour post-contrast CT images. Lymph node volumes estimated by multiple slice ROI analysis were compared with estimates obtained by post-excisional weight measurements. HU and iodine concentration increased 5-20 fold in opacified nodes (p < 0.01) and CNR increased more than four-fold (p < 0.001). %ID ranged between 3.5 and 11.9% and did not appear dose related. ROI estimated lymph node volumes approximated volumes calculated from weight measurements. (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001). We conclude that interstitially injected iodinated nanoparticles increase attenuation and conspicuity of targeted nodes on CT images. Quantitative methods could play an important clinical role in more accurate metastasis detection.
Synthesis and structural characterization of tris(2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium halide complexes, {[TmMeBenz]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 and [TmMeBenz]CdI: a rare example of cadmium in a trigonal bipyramidal sulfur-rich coordination environment

The tris(2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium complexes, {[TmMeBenz]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 and [TmMeBenz]CdI, have been synthesized via the reactions of [TmMeBenz]K with CdCl2 and CdI2, respectively. While X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that the iodide derivative, [TmMeBenz]CdI, is a monomer, the chloride derivative, {[TmMeBenz]Cd(μ-Cl)}2, exists as a dimer, which is unprecedented for Group 12 [TmR]MX (X = Cl, Br, I) compounds. Furthermore, the cadmium centers of {[TmMeBenz]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 are trigonal bipyramidal, which is an uncommon motif for cadmium complexes with a [S3Cl2] coordination sphere.
Angiotensin, the Renal Pressor Hormone

We have shown the side groups of angiotensin that are necessary for biological activity. Additional evidence is given that angiotensin decapeptide has little or no biological activity and exerts its effect only through the octapeptide. Even though none of the analogues of angiotensin have inhibitory action on the parent compound, the information obtained from studying these compounds could lead to the synthesis of inhibitors.
N-acetylcysteine prophylaxis significantly reduces the risk of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: comprehensive meta-analysis.

The objectives of this study was to assess the overall effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) using all available data in the literature. RCIN is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Existing randomized trials of NAC are small and show inconsistent results. Prior meta-analyses do not include data from the most current studies. We used standard search protocols to identify all published articles and abstracts of prospective trials using NAC with fluid hydration compared to hydration alone in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing contrast procedures. A rise in serum creatinine by 0.5 mg/dl or 25% above baseline at 48–72 hr after contrast exposure was used as the primary outcome. We identified 14 trials of NAC with 1,584 patients published as full-text articles. Using a random-effects model, the use of oral NAC resulted in a significant reduction in the risk for developing RCIN (RR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.37–0.84; P = 0.01). This finding did not significantly change in a fixed-effect model (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.42–0.73) or when the data were reanalyzed using only randomized trials in all forms (i.e., articles and abstracts; RR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47–0.95). We identified only one important difference between the positive and the negative studies: the cumulative exposure to contrast media (174 vs. 152 ml). Metaregression did not show a significant relationship between contrast volume and the RR of developing RCIN (P > 0.10). In the trials showing benefit for NAC, the treated patients' postprocedure creatinine unexpectedly decreased by 0.21 mg/dl (95% CI = 0.33–0.08). Prophylaxis with NAC significantly reduces the risk for RCIN. The reasons for improvement in serum creatinine in patients treated with NAC are unclear, but may include improved renal blood flow due to NAC and/or vigorous hydration. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:471–479. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Managerial Overconfidence and Accounting Conservatism

Overconfident managers overestimate future returns from their firms’ investments. Thus, we predict that overconfident managers will tend to delay loss recognition and generally use less conservative accounting. Furthermore, we test whether external monitoring helps to mitigate this effect. Using measures of both conditional and unconditional conservatism respectively, we find robust evidence of a negative relation between CEO overconfidence and accounting conservatism. We further find that external monitoring does not appear to mitigate this effect. Our findings add to the growing literature on overconfidence and complement the findings in Schrand and Zechman [2011] that overconfidence affects financial reporting behavior.
Platelet alpha-granule release in cocaine users.

BACKGROUNDCocaine use has been associated with arterial occlusion resulting from platelet-rich thrombi and with an accelerated, often atypical atherosclerotic lesion that could be ascribed to platelet activation and platelet alpha-granule release.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing a flow cytometric method to quantitate the percent of circulating activated platelets in whole blood (those that express the alpha-granule membrane protein P-selectin), we found that 5 of 25 samples from 12 long-term cocaine users had a baseline level of circulating activated platelets > 3 SD (range, 19% to 60%) above the mean (4.4 +/- 3.7%, mean +/- 1 SD) for 85 nonusers (sample n = 130). This subset resulted in a significantly higher mean baseline level of circulating activated platelets (11.8 +/- 14.4%) for all cocaine users (P = .01). By contrast, cocaine and its metabolites, at concentrations documented as obtainable during in vivo cocaine use (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L), had no effect on in vitro platelet activation or aggregation, eit...
Maximally entangled mode, metal-insulator transition, and violation of entanglement area law in noninteracting fermion ground states

We study in this work the ground-state entanglement properties of two models of noninteracting fermions moving in one dimension, that exhibit metal-insulator transitions. We find that entanglement entropy grows either logarithmically or in a power-law fashion in the metallic phase, thus violating the (one-dimensional version of) entanglement area law. No such violation is found in the insulating phase. We further find that characteristics of single fermion states at the Fermi energy (which can not be obtained from the many-fermion Slater determinant) is captured by the lowest energy single fermion mode of the entanglement Hamiltonian; this is particularly true at the metal-insulator transition point. Our results suggest entanglement is a powerful way to detect metal-insulator transitions, without knowledge of the Hamiltonian of the system.
Direct and indirect parametrization of a localized model for the mountain pine beetle — lodgepole pine system

The dynamic interaction between mountain pine beetles (MPB) and one of its hosts is reviewed briefly. The ‘local’ projection of a partial differential equation model describing this interaction is employed in model parameter estimation. Methods and assumptions for estimating non-fitted parameter values are given. Assigning values to non-fitted parameters, direct and indirect parametrization techniques are employed to estimate remaining parameter values. The indirect method is quickly and easily applied to many data sets but requires some assumptions and model simplifications. The direct method requires fewer assumptions but is computationally intensive. The results of these two techniques are compared and evaluated. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Revisiting the sadomasochistic marriage: the paranoid-masochistic relationship

The sadomasochistic marriage is thought to be very resistant to change because of the object relations of each member of a couple as well as the sadomasochistic dynamics within the couple. However, the picture may be even more complex because there are times when a psychoanalytic therapist may mistakenly believe he or she is treating a sadomasochistic couple when the couple actually is functioning in a paranoid-masochistic relationship. The present paper reexamines the sadomasochistic marriage by revisiting the work of Nydes, who formulated the concept of paranoid-masochism in individuals and contrasted it to the more commonly understood sadomasochist dynamic. This paper applies his concepts to couples: Just as we understand some couples to be sadomasochistic, other couples may have paranoid-masochistic dynamics, which may require a somewhat different kind of understanding and technical approach than the dynamics of a sadomasochistic couple at the same level of object relations. This may be the reason why some marriages, misdiagnosed as sadomasochistic, are even more difficult to treat than others, because they might be more accurately treated as paranoid-masochistic.
DEMAND FULFILLMENT RATES IN AN ASSEMBLETO- ORDER SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE PRODUCTS AND DEPENDENT DEMANDS

This paper presents a model for evaluating product fulfillment rates in an assemble-to-order system with a two-level bill-of-material structure (products and components). Inventories are kept at the component level and are used to support service levels to product demands; each component is managed under a periodically reviewed, decentralized order-up-to policy. Product demands are correlated in a given period but are independent across periods. We develop the demand fulfillment rate for each product when demands are filled based on a first-come-first-served discipline with limited priorities for different products within a period. We show that the fulfillment rate can be expressed as a multivariate normal probability when the product demands follow a multivariate normal distribution. We then use a numerical example to discuss computational issues and bounds associated with the evaluation of the demand fulfillment rates. Finally, we consider a model for minimizing the total inventory investment subject to given product demand fulfillment rates.
Detection of hail by means of polarimetric radar data and hailpads: results from four storms

Hailfall is one of the most dangerous and damaging phenomena associated with severe thunderstorms. Its remote identification is still under investigation, especially by means of polarimetric radar data. The need to use polarimetric measurements is a limit to operational implementation of the techniques developed up till now. The routine sampling of radar allows the computation of the differential hail signal H DR (Aydin et al. , 1986) every 15 minutes. The assessment of the H DR is performed by comparison with the ground truth from a hailpad network. The spatial resolution of this network is quite coarse (one pad per 16 km 2 ) for the collection of all the hail shafts, as they generally have a small horizontal extent and are short lived. Such bounds have been considered in the analysis of four large hailfalls recorded in 1997. This study reveals also the limitation on radar hail detection arising from the frequent occurrence of strong differential attenuation. Nevertheless, to identify regions where a sharp rain-hail transition occurs, polarimetric measurements work much better than algorithms based only on horizontal reflectivity. Results show that use of H DR gives a high probability of correct hail detection as well as an acceptable number of false alarms.
Conformational motions regulate phosphoryl transfer in related protein tyrosine phosphatases

Many studies have implicated a role for conformational motions during the catalytic cycle, acting to optimize the binding pocket or facilitate product release, but a more intimate role in the chemical reaction has not been described. We address this by monitoring active-site loop motion in two protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The PTPs, YopH and PTP1B, have very different catalytic rates; however, we find in both that the active-site loop closes to its catalytically competent position at rates that mirror the phosphotyrosine cleavage kinetics. This loop contains the catalytic acid, suggesting that loop closure occurs concomitantly with the protonation of the leaving group tyrosine and explains the different kinetics of two otherwise chemically and mechanistically indistinguishable enzymes.
Pulsed Hollow Cathode Discharge Characteristics

Hollow electrode structures are used in many applications to produce high intensity glow discharges. They provide high current densities at lower voltages compared to planar geometries. In this study, pulsed hollow cathode effects are investigated. Setup consists of hollow copper electrodes with 1.6 cm diameter cavity and a pulsed trigger unit attached to the rear side of the cathode (secondary cathode). The electrode surfaces have 2 mm diameter holes each for discharge propagation. The set-up is operated at 0.3 to 3.0 Torr pressure under pulsed applied voltages. Voltage-current characteristics and breakdown voltage measurements are performed. This compact structure can be used in pulsed power switching applications.
The historical dendroarchaeology of two log structures at the Wynnewood State Historic Site, Castalian Springs, Tennessee, USA

Tree rings of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) were examined from cores extracted from two logcabinslocatedattheWynnewoodStateHistoricSiteinCastalianSprings,SumnerCounty,Tennessee.Onecabin wasreportedlybuiltbytheﬁrstexplorerinthearea,IsaacBledsoe,sometimebetween1772andhisdeathin1793.ThesecondcabinwasknownasSpencer’sCabinaftertheﬁrstsettleroftheregion,ThomasSharp Spencer, who lived in the immediate vicinity from 1776 to 1779. The goal of this research was todetermine theprobableconstructionyear(s)forbothcabinsanddeterminewhetherBledsoeandSpencerdid indeedbuildthesestructures.Forty-onecoreswereextractedfromBledsoe’sCabin,and30wereusedfor crossdating and building a ﬂoating chronology using COFECHA. The Bledsoe’s Cabin chronology wasthen statistically and graphically crossdated using the eastern red cedar reference tree-ring chronology(ITRDB #TN031) from Norris Dam, Tennessee. We found a statistically signiﬁcant correlation (r=0.42,t =4.18,n=85,p<0.0001)betweentheBledsoe’sCabinchronologyandthereferencechronology,anchor-ing the chronology between 1720 and 1804, with nearly all cores indicating tree harvesting betweenFebruary and April 1805. Twenty-two cores were extracted from Spencer’s Cabin, and 17 were used tobuild a ﬂoating chronology for the cabin. Again, we found a statistically signiﬁcant correlation (r=0.44,t =4.85,n=100,p<0.00001)withthereferencechronology,whichanchoredtheSpencer’sCabinchronol-ogy between 1726 and 1825. All trees appear to have been harvested between February and August in1826. Therefore, neither structure was built by its historical namesake. No known historical documentssuggest who the potential builders were, although the property was owned between ca. 1797 and 1829by General James Winchester. He and his family, however, never resided on the Wynnewood propertybecause Winchester had built a large multi-room structure in nearby Gallatin, Tennessee, by 1802.© 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67 to Predict Lymph Node Involvement in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

AbstractPurpose: Primary archival tumor tissues of 89 patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors were analyzed for MIB-1 expression and histological parameters such as percentage embryonal carcinoma and presence of vascular invasion to determine the value of these parameters to predict absence or presence of occult lymph node disease.Materials and Methods: A monoclonal antibody (MIB-1) developed for application in paraffin-embedded tissues was used to measure immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 for the overall tumor (total MIB-1) and for each malignant cell type present. In addition, the primary tumors were examined for the presence of vascular invasion and determination of quantitative histology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.Results: Univariate analysis neither revealed total MIB-1 score nor MIB-1 score in the highest area of staining of the different cell types to significantly predict pathological stage I or stage II ...
Chromosomal integration of an avian oncogenic herpesvirus reveals telomeric preferences and evidence for lymphoma clonality.

Background Herpesviruses are a major health concern for numerous organisms, including humans, causing both acute and chronic infections recurrent over an individual's lifespan. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus which causes a neoplastic condition in chicken populations. Several vertebrate-infecting herpesviruses have been shown to exist in an integrated state during latent periods of infection. However the status of MDV during latency has been a topic of debate.
Acceleration 1/f Noise in Silicon MOSFETs

It is usually assumed that the 1/f noise in Si-MOSFETs is limited by collision 1/f noise. We found this to be the case for devices with relatively short channel lengths (L≪10?m) but for channels of intermediate length (10?m≪L≪194?m) we found that the Hooge parameter varies as L2. We attributed this to acceleration of the electrons by the applied field, accompanied by Bremsstrahlung emission and current 1/f noise generation. This is a new noise source.
The Virgin Made Visible: Intercessory Images of Church Territory in Egypt

In the dark midnight hours of 11 December 2009, the Virgin Mary (al-‘adhra) burst into visibility against the skyline of al-Warraq, a working-class district on the neglected peripheries of Giza, Egypt. Hovering within a glowing triad of crosses, the apparition attracted spectators to the Church of the Virgin and the Archangel Michael along the main thoroughfare, Nile Street, even in the inconvenient hours between dusk and dawn. Within days, the Virgin was being discussed far and wide by Christians and Muslims, Egyptians and foreigners, skeptics and believers. Reactions were diverse: A journalist announced to his friends, “Even if the Virgin appeared before my very eyes, I would deny her.” A cab driver explained, “It is a trick, a big laser show in the sky.” A young mother urged, “Why [forbid oneself] the joy that the Virgin brings?”
Multi-Domain Multi-Granularity Service Provisioning in Hybrid DWDM/SONET Networks

This paper investigates the important area of service provisioning in multi-domain hybrid DWDM/SONET networks. Although inter-domain provisioning has been well-studied for packet/cell-switching networks, the wavelength and timeslot dimensions pose many challenges. To address these concerns, a detailed GMPLS-based hierarchical OSPF-TE routing is proposed to facilitate inter-domain service provisioning. Namely inter-domain OSPF-TE routing is used to adapt topology abstraction to hide internal domain state so as to resolve routing scalability and security issues. To test this concept, a novel full-mesh topology abstraction scheme is developed for full wavelength conversion DWDM networks. Related inter-domain lightpath RWA and signaling schemes are also tabled. Performance analysis results are then presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms and discussions presented for mixed SONET-DWDM grooming networks.
Evaluating rotational kinematics of the knee in ACL reconstructed patients using 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

article i nfo Introduction: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common. While prior studies have shown that sur- gical reconstruction of the ACL can restore anterior-posterior kinematics, ACL-injured and reconstructed knees have been shown to have significant differences in tibial rotation when compared to uninjured knees. Our labo- ratory has developed an MR compatible rotational loading device to objectively quantify rotational stability of the knee following ACL injuries and reconstructions. Previous work from our group demonstrated a significant increase in total tibial rotation following ACL injuries. The current study is a prospective study on the same cohort of patients who have now undergone ACL reconstruction. We hypothesize that ACL reconstructed knees will have less tibial rotation relative to the pre-operative ACL deficient condition. We also hypothesize that ACL