cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The vourinos ophiolite complex, Greece: The tectonite suite

Abstract Classical structural analysis, in combination with new techniques including pyroxene thermobarometry and recrystallized-grain- and subgrain-size paleopiezometry, has been used to deduce the tectonic history of the Vourinos Ophiolite Complex, Greece. Results can be used to infer the variation with depth of differential stress in the upper mantle and indicate that these rocks were subjected to an initial stress level of 10–100 bar over a depth interval from 100 to 40 km, respectively. Subsequently, they underwent mylonitization, associated with stresses of about 2500 bar at 30 km depth. Rocks equilibrated at the deepest levels commonly have the highest structural positions within the ultramafic tectonites and also show appreciable Al depletion. Lack of annealing recrystallization in the mylonitic rocks, together with low stress levels and an abnormally high pyroxene geotherm for the Complex lead to the interpretation of the Complex being the remnant of a mantle diapir, with an overlying magma chamber, located at a spreading ridge.
Chapman–Enskog and Burnett solutions for a simple, rigid-sphere gas: Numerical solutions using a subtraction technique

Abstract Chapman–Enskog and Burnett solutions are obtained for a simple, rigid-sphere gas through application of a subtraction technique to the linearized Boltzmann equation. The numerical results obtained converge and compare well with results reported previously using other techniques. This method is straightforward and may prove quite useful in addressing several other similar problems in the kinetic theory of gases.
Children's Food Security and Participation in the National School Lunch Program

In 2013 nearly 8.6 million U.S. children lived in households in which one or more child was food insecure. The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is one of the largest federally funded food and nutrition assistance programs that aims to provide nutritious, well-balanced lunches for school-age children. Given the important role this program plays on food and nutrient intake of school-age children, we examined the relationship between participation in NSLP and children’s food security status. After controlling for the endogeneity of program participation we found that program participation have positive effect on food insecure and marginally food secure children, but the effect was not significant. Having enough time to eat school meals played an important role on students’ decision to participate in NSLP. We also found that marginal food security group shared more characteristics with the food insecure group rather than with the high food secure group.
Cytochrome c depletion upon expression of Bcl-XS.

We have shown previously that Bcl-XS causes acute cell death in 3T3 cells without activating caspases (Fridman, J. S., Benedict, M. A., and Maybaum, J. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 5999–6004). In this study, we determined that the explanation for lack of caspase activation is the cellular depletion of cytochrome c. Electron microscopy revealed gross structural changes in the mitochondria of Bcl-XS-expressing cells; however, cytochrome c was not detected in cytosolic fractions from these cells. Surprisingly, it was determined that cellular cytochromec levels decreased as Bcl-XS expression levels increased. Experiments performed to eliminate other possible explanations for the lack of caspase activation showed that these 3T3 cells have a functional cytoplasmic apoptosome, a complex of proteins that form a functional trigger capable of activating the proximal caspase in an apoptotic pathway Chinnaiyan, A. M. (1999) Neoplasia 1, 5-15, as cytosolic extracts from these cells were capable of cleaving pro-caspase-9. These cells were also able to release cytochromec from their mitochondria after appropriate stimulation, other than Bcl-XS expression (i.e. withdrawal from serum for 24 h), and initiate a cell death that is inhibited by a dominant negative caspase-9. We conclude that lack of caspase activation is due to a Bcl-XS-induced depletion of active cytochromec, a phenomenon that represents an alternative cell death effector pathway and/or a novel mechanism for regulating caspase activation.
Existence of a weak solution for the fully coupled Navier–Stokes/Darcy-transport problem

Abstract This paper analyzes the surface/subsurface flow coupled with transport. The flow is modeled by the coupling of Navier–Stokes and Darcy equations. The transport of a species is modeled by a convection-dominated parabolic equation. The two-way coupling between flow and transport is nonlinear and it is done via the velocity field and the viscosity. This problem arises from a variety of natural phenomena such as the contamination of the groundwater through rivers. The main result is existence and stability bounds of a weak solution.
A scintillation counter hodoscope for 10 MHz beams

Abstract A scintillation counter hodoscope with greater than 10 MHz capability is described. Each hodoscope plane has complete (100%) coverage for 2 cm across the beam, contains elements as small as 1 mm, and interposes only 2 mm of scintillating material into the beam.
Rates of sedimentation in the Arctic ocean

Abstract The sedimentation rate in the Arctic deep-sea over the last 150,000 years has undergone no significant changes. Based on both radiocarbon and uranium series isotope analyses, the deposition rate is estimated to be about 0.2 cm/1000 years. These findings imply that: (1) the observed variations in the Foraminifera abundance in most Arctic cores reflect changes in the biological productivity; (2) the Arctic Foraminifera abundance curves cannot be simply correlated with those observed in the Atlantic deep-sea cores; and (3) the Arctic Ocean has not been open during the last 150,000 years.
Therapy of hypoparathyroidism with PTH(1-84): a prospective four-year investigation of efficacy and safety.

Context: Human recombinant (rh)PTH(1–84) was recently approved for the treatment of refractory hypoparathyroidism, based upon a short-term phase 3 clinical trial. Long-term data are needed, because no time limit was placed on the treatment period. Objective: We studied the effect of long-term rhPTH(1–84) treatment in hypoparathyroidism for up to 6 years. Design: Prospective open-label study. Setting: Referral center. Patients: A total of 33 subjects with hypoparathyroidism. Interventions: rhPTH(1–84) treatment was initiated at a starting dose of 100 μg every other day for 6 years. Due to the availability of new dosages during the 6-year time period of the study, the dose could be and was adjusted for most patients to a daily dosing regimen. Main Outcome Measures: Supplemental calcium and vitamin D requirements, serum and urinary calcium (monthly for 6 mo and then biannually), serum phosphorus, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) biannually. Results: Treatment with rhPTH(1–84) progressive...
The spatial distribution of gaseous atomic sodium in the comae of comets: Evidence for direct nucleus and extended plasma sources

Abstract Sodium D-line emission (5890 and 5896 A) has been observed in bright comets at small to moderate heliocentric distances for many years. We present here the first in depth study of a set of spatial profiles of the sodium D-line emission constructed from long-slit spectroscopic observations of Comets Bennett C/1969 Y1, Kohoutek C/1973 D1, and 1P/Halley. Preliminary analysis of these data lead to the suggestion by Combi et al. (1996, A Plasmagenic Source for Gaseous Sodium in Comets. Presented at Asteroids, Comets, Meteors) that a major fraction of the gaseous sodium was produced by an extended source in the tail and that the source was likely to be some charged species. Dissociative recombination of a molecular ion was suggested. The spatial profiles of sodium are not like typical neutral species. The inner region from the nucleus ( 4 km) can be explained in terms of a model that accounts for collisional entrainment in the expanding coma and the heliocentric velocity dependent fluorescence rate and radiation pressure acceleration. This source comes either directly from the nucleus or has a very short-lived parent (⪡10 3 s). Away from the nucleus, down the tail and to the sides, the spatial profile slope flattens, indicating a second extended source. The striking similarity of the extended region of sodium spatial profiles with those of ions (H 2 O + ), both along and perpendicular to the tail, is highly suggestive that an ion source is responsible for the production of the extended component of gaseous sodium in the coma. The production rate of the highly variable extended source when present is four to five times that of the direct nucleus source. Observations (Schneider et al. , 1991, Science 253, 1394–1397) and quantitative model analyses (Wilson and Schneider, 1994, Icarus 111, 31–34) have shown that a dissociative recombination of a sodium bearing molecular ion (Na X + ) produces a peculiar component of the neutral sodium near Io. It displays a variable spatial morphology consistent with that of a molecular ion source “picked-up” in the plasma torus corotating with Jupiter's magnetic field. The rapid onset of the appearance of gaseous sodium in bright comets, its spatial distribution in the extended coma and near tail, and recent observations of sodium tails are all consistent with our original suggestion of this plasma source for sodium in comets.
Ice velocity changes in the Ross and Ronne sectors observed using satellite radar data from 1997 and 2009

Abstract. We report changes in ice velocity of a 6.5 million km2 region around South Pole encompassing the Filchner-Ronne and Ross Ice Shelves and a significant portion of the ice streams and glaciers that constitute their catchment areas. Using the first full interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coverage of the region completed in 2009 and partial coverage acquired in 1997, we processed the data to assemble a comprehensive map of ice speed changes between those two years. On the Ross Ice Shelf, our results confirm a continued deceleration of Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams with a 12-yr velocity difference of −50 m yr−1 (−16.7%) and −100 m yr−1 (−25.3%) at their grounding lines. The deceleration spreads 450 km upstream of the grounding line and more than 500 km onto the shelf, beyond what was previously known. Ross and Filchner Ice Shelves exhibit signs of pre-calving events, representing the largest observed changes, with an increase in speed in excess of +100 m yr−1 in 12 yr. Other changes in the Ross Ice Shelf region are less significant. The observed changes in glacier speed extend on the Ross Ice Shelf along the ice streams' flow lines. Most tributaries of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf show a modest deceleration or no change between 1997 and 2009. Slessor Glacier shows a small deceleration over a large sector. No change is detected on the Bailey, Rutford, and Institute Ice Streams. On the Filchner Ice Shelf itself, ice decelerated rather uniformly with a 12-yr difference in speed of −50 m yr−1, or −5% of its ice front speed, which we attribute to a 12 km advance in its ice front position. Our results show that dynamic changes are present in the region. They highlight the need for continued observation of the area with a primary focus on the Siple Coast. The dynamic changes in Central Antarctica between 1997 and 2009 are generally second-order effects in comparison to losses on glaciers in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas region and on the Antarctic Peninsula. We therefore conclude that the dynamic changes shown here do not have a strong impact on the mass budget of the Antarctic continent.
LN2MOO6-TYPE RARE EARTH MOLYBDATES-PREPARATION AND LATTICE PARAMETERS

Abstract The title compounds have been prepared for Ln = rare earth elements 58 (Ce) through 71 (Lu) as well as Y and La. They fall into three structural categories: the tetragonal I 4 2m space group for the large ions up to and including Sm2MoO6, which can also crystallize in the C2 c symmetry found for the small rare earths; and an Fm3m related structure for Ce2MoO6, which constitutes an exception in the series. Cell parameters are also given for Gd2WO6 and a series of Gd2−xBixMoO6 solid solutions.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determinations of intragranular water content in quartz-bearing rocks: implications for hydrolytic weakening in the laboratory and within the earth

Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to measure intragranular water contents of quartz (and feldspar) within fine-grained quartzites, granite, and naturally-deformed mylonites. Calibrations and tests of methods developed for this application using natural and synthetic quartz standards indicate that hydrogen concentrations down to 30 ppm are detectable (within apertured regions 100–200 μm in diam.) and concentrations of ≥ 400 ppm measurable to an accuracy of 30%. Quartzite and novaculite starting materials, used in previous studies of mechanical properties, contain substantial intragranular water contents (2400–3900 ppm), much larger than water concentrations commonly found in large clear natural crystals and more comparable to those of wet synthetic crystals. However, unlike molecular water within rapidly-grown synthetic quartz, most of this water is freezable, resembling fluid inclusion water of natural milky quartz crystals. Likewise, quartz and feldspar grains within granite and mylonites deformed at greenschist to upper amphibolite facies conditions contain large amounts of water (from 500 to 8000 ppm) as fine (often submicron size) fluid inclusions and IR spectra are dominated by a freezable O-H absorption band. Comparisons between dry natural and wet synthetic quartz crystals have formed the basis for our understanding of hydrolytic weakening. However, mechanisms by which water-related defects access dislocation cores within quartzites deformed in the laboratory and mylonites deformed within natural shear zones may differ from those within idealized natural and synthetic single crystals, and their mechanical properties may not be directly comparable.
Racial disparity in New Orleans: a faith-based approach to an age-old problem.

RECENTLY IN THE UNITED STATES, HEALTH CARE REFORM has become a central focus of heated debate and controversy. Sweeping legislation was introduced and passed by the Obama administration in attempt to achieve universal health care with the intent of providing equal access to care through national policy. Although a laudable goal, this policy does not ensure equivalent quality of care delivered to the most vulnerable communities in our nation. Historically, racial disparity in health care delivery results in delay in diagnosis, and often inferior patient outcomes at a substantial increase in cost of care. In the same stride, strong criticism has turned to the mounting and unsustainable costs of health care on the national budget. Despite the best intentions, current proposed changes in policy and infrastructure development, national health care policy may be woefully inadequate. Health care in certain socioeconomic groups, regions, or individual institutions function well and provide excellent care. Other regions or even individual institutions struggle under their community’s payor mix to provide adequate care. Governmental support in the form of disproportionate share has been applied to decrease this financial disparity. Unfortunately, this gap is often wider than perceived and innercity institutions absorb the sickest and most complex patients with the least primary care associated with the lowest payor mix. This self-fulfilling prophecy leads rise to multiple at-risk populations
Computing the betti numbers of arrangements

(MATH) In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the Betti numbers of an arrangement of $n$ compact semi-algebraic sets, $S_1,\ldots,S_n \subset \R^k$, where each $S_i$ is described using a constant number of polynomials with degrees bounded by a constant. Such arrangements are ubiquitous in computational geometry. We give an algorithm for computing $\ell$-th Betti number, $\beta_\ell(\cup_i S_i), 0 \leq \ell \leq k-1$, using $O(n^{\ell+2})$ algebraic operations. Additionally, one has to perform linear algebra on matrices of size bounded by $O(n^{\ell+1})$. All previous algorithms for computing the Betti numbers of arrangements, triangulated the arrangement giving rise to a complex of size $O(n^{2^k})$ in the worst case. To our knowledge this is the first algorithm for computing $\beta_\ell(\cup_i S_i)$ that does not rely on such a global triangulation, and has a graded complexity which depends on $\ell$.
Inside the City: On Urbanisation, Public Policy and Planning

A basic frame of reference for reconsideration of the urban question is presented, with an emphasis on the city as a collectivity whose character is derived from a spatially organised system of increasing returns effects and social needs. The logic of the city as a locus of accumulation and social reproduction in the modern economy is then discussed. Here, special attention is paid to the dynamics of intraurban production space and social space, and to the complex interrelations between the two. The concomitant shape and form of urban public policy are subject to investigation. Three major dilemmas and their underlying etiology are subject to scrutiny. These are: the fragility of localised competitive advantage in a globalising world; the widening social divide with its many-sided negative consequences on urban life; and, the growing mismatch between the internal geography of the city and the institutions of urban governance. The paper concludes with a comment on the implications of the new cognitive-cult...
Thermodynamic Characterization of the Association of Cholesterol with Phospholipids with Varying Degrees of Unsaturation

The preferential association of cholesterol with saturated phospholipids, especially sphingomyelins, is responsible for the formation of coexisting fluid phases in lipid bilayers, and is believed to play a critical role in the existence of more ordered membrane domains in biological systems, sometimes termed lipid rafts. The coexistence of separate fluid phases in model bilayer constructs must be an equilibrium phenomenon, and titration of bilayer cholesterol content allows for thermodynamic characterization of cholesterol partitioning. To achieve a more complete understanding of the parameters governing phase separation, high sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry was employed to investigate the effects of degree of unsaturation at the sn-2 position of a series of biologically relevant phospholipids. Cholesterol was either extracted from or added to bilayers of a single phospholipid component, allowing determination of a partition constant and enthalpy of transfer. By varying the relative cholesterol content of the bilayer, the non-ideal partitioning behavior was also investigated. It was found that the relative affinity of cholesterol for the bilayer decreased in a generally monotonic manner in response to increasing unsaturation, with the exception that both 20:4n6 and 22:6n3 acyl chains at the sn-2 position showed similar partition constants and enthalpies of transfer. The partitioning of cholesterol was also measured in membranes composed of mixtures of 18:0,22:6 PC and sphingomyelin. Values of both the partition constant and enthalpy of transfer extrapolated to pure sphingomyelin matched those previously reported for mixtures of 16:0,18:1 PC and sphingomyelin. This result suggests that the association of cholesterol and sphingomyelin is largely unaffected by other phospholipids in the bilayer.
Avoiding Ecological Surprise: Lessons From Long-Standing Communities

Increasingly ecologists have recognized the importance of sudden and unexpected changes in the natural environment—often called “surprises.” Organizational scholars have not developed a theory of how to avoid ecological surprise. This article suggests one way to develop such a theory. Using ecology, systems analysis, and a historical comparison of four communities, the article concludes that organizing and managing natural resources in part as community property can play a central role in avoiding surprises.
Resonant Body Transistors in IBM's 32nm SOI CMOS technology

This work presents an unreleased CMOS-integrated MEMS resonators fabricated at the transistor level of IBM's 32SOI technology and realized without the need for any post-processing or packaging. These Resonant Body Transistors (RBTs) are driven capacitively and sensed piezoresistively using an n-channel Field Effect Transistor (nFET). Acoustic Bragg Reflectors (ABRs) are used to localize acoustic vibrations in these resonators completely buried in the CMOS stack and surrounded by low-k dielectric. Experimental results from the first generation hybrid CMOS-MEMS show RBTs operating at 11.1–11.5 GHz with footprints < 5μm × 3μm. The response of active resonators is shown to contrast with passive resonators showing no discernible peak. Comparative behavior of devices with design variations is used to demonstrate the effect of ABRs on spurious mode suppression. Temperature stability and TCF compensation due to complimentary materials in the CMOS stack are experimentally verified.
Sexy like a Girl and Horny like a Boy: Contemporary Gay 'Western' Narratives about Gay Asian Men:

In recent decades, gay people of color have begun to challenge old assumptions regarding what it means to be 'gay', posing a threat to older notions of 'gay' identity. However, much of the coverage in 'mainstream' gay publications remains geared toward white readers. Using critical discourse analysis, this article analyzes the coverage in 'mainstream' gay magazines and argues that 'gay' publications have marginalized gay Asian men by simply ignoring their existence or employing existing stereotypes about Asian men in general, thereby, maintaining 'gay' as largely a 'white' category and relegating gay Asian men to the margins of the gay 'community'.
Blockade of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase in mice on chronic ingestion of 4-bromopyrazole and 4-iodopyrazole

Abstract 4-Halopyrazoles acutely administered decreased the alcohol dehydrogenase activity of livers of treated mice but exerted little or no effect on the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Ethanol administered to mice pretreated in this manner with 4-bromopyrazole disappeared slowly from blood as expected and gave no accumulation of acetaldehyde. In contrast, 4-bromopyrazole and 4-iodopyrazole, administered chronically via the drinking fluid, diminished the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of livers of imbibing mice and elevated somewhat the alcohol dehydrogenase activity. In agreement with the blockade of aldehyde dehydrogenase observed in vivo , ethanol given to mice continually ingesting 4-bromopyrazole or 4-iodopyrazole resulted in the accumulation of acetaldehyde in blood. Moreover, chronic ingestion of 4-bromopyrazole caused a decrease in the natural ethanol preference of C57BL mice, a finding consistent with aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition and the production of acetaldehyde from the interaction of 4-bromopyrazole and ethanol.
On the utility and challenges of high-speed rail in the United States

Abstract Considerable attention has been given to high-speed rail in the US with the Obama administration’s initiatives to invest in its development. This viewpoint discusses the utility of high-speed rail, as well as some major challenges facing its application to the transport geography of the US. High-speed rail has the potential to alleviate automobile and short-haul air traffic congestion in several regional corridors throughout the US, which would have significant economic, environmental, and quality-of-life benefits. Though a national network may not be feasible, a series of interconnected regional corridors would make a de facto national high-speed network that would represent a significant improvement over existing national rail operations, which outside of the Northeast and Pacific Coast are virtually non-existent. However, before this can be achieved major issues of engineering and track right of way, service provision, and stop access require resolution.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROPULSION SYSTEMS PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS

Environmental pollution is affecting the daily lives of all beings on planet Earth in one way or the other. The prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution is becoming one of the major objectives of governments all over the world. R&D is going on in several laboratories to reduce the emissions from automobiles. The USA, which has the highest number of automobiles in the world, is pushing for lower emissions. As a result of this concern for environmental pollution, major efforts are underway to develop electric vehicles. In this paper, the present trends and requirements of the primary electric propulsion components — the battery, the motor, and the power converter — are presented. The status of electric vehicle technology and future trends are reviewed.
Generating Patterns for Sensing Using a Single Receptor Scaffold

A new strategy for generating patterns in sensing is described. Typically, pattern recognition is obtained by designing a variety of receptors that bind to analytes with varying binding affinities. In this paper, we outline a new strategy where differential responses can be obtained from one receptor, by simply varying the noncovalently bound fluorescent transducer.
HPTLC analysis of neutral lipids in the ceca of mice and chicks, and in chick ceca infected with Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda).

High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to determine neutral lipids in the cecal contents and mucosa of domestic chicks and ICR mice, and in the cecal mucosa of chicks infected with Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda). Silica gel plates were developed with petroleum ether-diethyl ether-acetic acid (80:20:1) mobile phase, and neutral lipids were detected using phosphomolybdic acid reagent. The cholesteryl ester fraction was quantified by HPTLC-densitometry. HPTLC analysis showed differences in the neutral lipid composition of the cecal contents of chicks, compared with the cecal contents of ICR mice. There were differences in neutral lipid profiles between the uninfected cecal mucosa of chicks and chick cecal mucosa infected with Z lunata. These findings showed that this parasite can alter the neutral lipid composition of the host cecal mucosa.
White noise and the delta function

A definition of noise that is white with respect to a signal space S is given. It is shown that the autocorrelation function for such a process has the sifting property and is often a square integrable kernel. Two specific examples, the space of bandlimited signals and the space of digital-type signals, are given.
Mechanism of Pulmonary Conversion of Anglotensin II to Angiotensin II in the Dog

The conversion mechanism was studied in vivo in the pulmonary circulation of the intact anesthetized dog and in vitro in plasma by using L-Leu-angiotensin I, D-Leu-angiotensin I, and des-Leu-angiotensin I which had been synthesized by the solid-phase technique. The results obtained indicate that pulmonary conversion in vivo and plasma conversion in vitro occur via a dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase and that a D-amino acid at the C-terminus prevents conversion.
On packing 3-connected restrictions into 3-connected matroids

Abstract Let M 1 , M 2 ,…, M n be 3-connected restrictions of a 3-connected matroid M on disjoint ground sets E 1 , E 2 ,…, E n , respectively. This paper proves that M has a 3-connected minor N that contains E 1 ∪ E 2 U …∪ E n , has its restriction to each E i being M i , and has at most 2 n − 2 additional elements.
Probabilistic aspects of strength of short-fiber composites with planar fibre distribution

The study of the fracture of short-fibre composites must involve statistics as an integral part. Two components of composite strength, each with probabilistic aspects, are described in this paper: fibre crossover reinforcement, and fibre gap bridging before fracture. The fibre crossover density is proposed as a measure of mutual fibre strengthening. and simulations are performed to estimate this density. Several different fibre orientations are proposed which have identical elastic properties but different crossover densities, indicating that more information is required for strength prediction than for elastic property prediction. The crossover density is a random variable whose average increases roughly as a fibre length squared function, and whose coefficient of variation decreases with increasing fibre length. The phenomenon of fibres bridging microcrocks is also examined as a fracture mechanism for fibres whose length well exceeds their critical length. General probabilistic expressions are derived which give the distribution of the number of fibres bridging a gap perpendicular to the applied load. These formulae are applied to the distribution of strength of an aligned fibre system.
Frequency of ring abscess and cuspal infection in active infective endocarditis involving bioprosthetic valves

Abstract When active infective endocarditis (IE) involves a bioprosthetic valve, the Infective process may involve only the cusps or sewing ring or both. We studied 34 patients with infected bioprostheses to determine whether the infection involved the cusps or ring, or both, because these locations could affect prognosis. In the 5 patients in whom active IE began 60 days after valve replacement were subdivided into 3 categories based on the valve or valves replaced. In the 16 patients with isolated aortic valve replacement, the infection involved the cusps only in 6, the ring only in 4, and both in 6. In the 6 patients with isolated mitral valve replacement, the infection Involved the cusps only in 2, the ring only in 1, and both In 3. In the remaining 7 patients, 15 native valves were replaced with bioprostheses, and 10 of them were infected. The infection involved the cusps only In 7, and both the cusps and ring in 3. Of all 34 patients, 13 had operative excision of the infected bioprosthesis: 1 died within 60 days of the bioprosthetic excision, and 1 was lost to follow-up; of the remaining 11 patients, 4 died late (1.5, 3, 5 and 14 years), and the other 7 are alive 5 to 10 years after bioprosthetic excision (all in New York Heart Association functional class I or II). Thus, although infection limited to the bioprosthetic cusps may reasonably allow a better outlook, reoperation with infection Involving the annular ring (8 of 13 reoperation patients) does not prevent successful outcome.
Do Fans and Officials Think Alike When Assessing the Home-Field Advantage? Support for Actor–Observer Asymmetry in the National Football League

Missing from the research on the home-field advantage (HFA) phenomenon in sports are the opinions of expert referees. Utilizing the actor–observer asymmetry (Jones & Nisbett, 1971) perspective, we surveyed elite NFL officials and fans in exploring the importance they attributed to factors associated with the HFA in American football. Results revealed that fans perceived themselves as more influential in biasing the officials to favor the home team, while officials perceived this influence as negligible Both fans and officials agreed that fans strongly influenced players’ performance. Also, fans thought that more games were decided by referees in error across different sports.
A New Approach for Solving the Multimodal Economic Load Dispatch Problem

This paper introduces a new global optimization method, the filled function method (FFM), to solve the multimodal economic load dispatch (ELD) problem. In contrast to the genetic algorithm (GA), which is a probabilistic approach and has been a choice to solve the ELD problem, the FFM is a deterministic approach. In the present work, we implement the FFM and solve a generic ELD problem. The optimization results are reported and the performance is satisfactory. We expect that the FFM will receive more attention from the power system engineering.
ATRA: Finding targeted APL therapy targets

Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a paradigm of targeted therapy, but identifying the critical downstream targets of ATRA has proven elusive. In this issue of Blood, Hattori and colleagues have used a functional assay to identify such targets. They have identified a gene whose induction by ATRA is necessary, though not sufficient, to induce cell-cycle arrest and allow maturation of ATRA-treated NB4 cells.
Pass quantity, focus on quality

Journal of Hematology & Oncology is pleased to see the exponential growth in the number of publications from China, especially in hematology and oncology. This editorial calls for putting more weight on the quality of the future scientific output and invites rigorous dialogs among policy makers, granting agencies, academic leaders, physicians, and scientists, followed by concrete actions, to achieve such a goal.
The Impact of Differential Recall on the Results of Case-Control Studies

Many authors have expressed concern that case-control differences in the accuracy of information reported in interviews may create spurious associations in epidemiological investigations. Nevertheless, the impact of differential misclassification on observed associations has not been systematically examined. This paper presents algebraic and graphical analyses of the effect of case-control differences in reporting accuracy on estimates of association and on test size. These analyses suggest that under certain circumstances, even large differences in accuracy may have a minor impact on the results of a study. Study results may be particularly resistant to differences in the sensitivity of recall when the prevalence of exposure is low. The results also illustrate how researchers may evaluate the potential impact of differential misclassification on the validity of their own investigations.
Practical Model for Psychosocial Care

The delivery of economically feasible psychosocial care is critical for patients with cancer and their families. Creative partnering enables such comprehensive care to be provided effectively and efficiently.
Overcoming post-silicon validation challenges through quick error detection (QED)

Existing post-silicon validation techniques are generally ad hoc, and their cost and complexity are rising faster than design cost. Hence, systematic approaches to post-silicon validation are essential. Our research indicates that many of the bottlenecks of existing post-silicon validation approaches are direct consequences of very long error detection latencies. Error detection latency is the time elapsed between the activation of a bug during post-silicon validation and its detection or manifestation as a system failure. In our earlier papers, we created the Quick Error Detection (QED) technique to overcome this significant challenge. QED systematically creates a wide variety of post-silicon validation tests to detect bugs in processor cores and uncore components of multi-core System-on-Chips (SoCs) very quickly, i.e., with very short error detection latencies. In this paper, we present an overview of QED and summarize key results: 1. Error detection latencies of "typical" post-silicon validation tests can range up to billions of clock cycles. 2. QED shortens error detection latencies by up to 6 orders of magnitude. 3. QED enables 2- to 4-fold improvement in bug coverage. QED does not require any hardware modification. Hence, it is readily applicable to existing designs.
2.8 Gb/s inductively coupled interconnect for 3D ICs

An inductively coupled interconnect scheme for vertical signaling in 3D ICs is demonstrated. Test chips were fabricated in TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, then thinned and stacked. For 90 /spl mu/m thick chips using 150 /spl mu/m inductors, the transceiver communicates NRZ signals at 2.8Gb/s, and tolerates up to 50 /spl mu/m misalignment. TX and RX power dissipation are 10.0 mW and 37.6 mW, respectively. The transceiver circuit does not require a clock to recover the data and is able to maintain less than 100 ps jitter at the RX output.
ACTIVITY OF BASAL FOREBRAIN NEURONS IN THE RAT DURING MOTIVATED BEHAVIORS

The activity of single neurons in the basal forebrain was recorded in the freely-moving rat with moveable fine-wire electrodes. Neural activity was observed while the water-deprived male rat was exposed to three different types of motivating stimuli that elicit locomotion in a running wheel: an estrous female rat; a drinking tube containing water; and grasping and lifting by the experimenter. The neural activity was also observed when the subject was presented with standardized sensory tests and during single pulse stimulation of other brain structures. A majority of the 76 neurons recorded in the forebrain changed their firing rate during orienting and/or locomotion in general (23 neurons) or during behavior related to only one of the specific motivational contexts: the conspecific female (4 neurons); water (7 neurons); or grasp by the experimenter (8 neurons). Whereas the neurons related to orienting and/or locomotion in general were scattered through various brain structures, those neurons related to specific motivational contexts were concentrated in specific areas: the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the medial preoptic area (conspecific female); lateral septum (water); and lateral preoptic area (water and grasp). The present results, although based on relatively few neurons, are consonant with results of research using other techniques. This indicates that analyses at the level of the single neuron promise to be useful for understanding the role of the basal forebrain in motivational systems.
THE HEALING OF JOINT FRACTURES

1. An injury to articular cartilage which does not involve the subchondral bone is not repaired, because of the inability of fully developed hyaline cartilage to revert to a more embryonic type of connective tissue, which is the precursor of cartilage. 2. Experimental injuries which include articular cartilage and subchondral bone are repaired by the invasion of fibrous connective tissue from the underlying bone. After several months, the connective tissue resembles fibrocartilage and may show areas of metaplasia into hyaline cartilage. 3. The formation of intra-articular adhesions is favored by the complete immobilization of injured joints. Such adhesions tend to produce degenerative changes in any articular surface to which they become attached. 4. In man, articular cartilage has no power of regeneration, and the metaplasia of connective tissue into cartilage is rarely seen. Such metaplasia is more apt to result from a severe injury, with an accompanying destruction of subchondral bone, than it is to occur following injuries which involve the cartilage alone.
Energy-Efficient k-Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks with Variable Sensing Radii

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially-distributed autonomous sensors that can cooperatively monitor physical and environmental conditions. Because of sensors' resource-constraints in terms of size, power, and bandwidth, one of the fundamental objectives in WSNs is improving energy-efficiency. In this paper, utilizing sensors with variable sensing radii, we propose a group-based technique to obtain energy-efficient k-coverage based on our previous work with the Delaunay-Triangulation-based 1-coverage algorithm. Our sensing-radii optimization technique ensures full coverage and attains nearly-optimal energy consumption in sensing. Furthermore, our ns-2 simulations confirm that the group-based k- coverage reduces sensing energy consumption and maintains a sound coverage ratio for reliable surveillance.
Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in female anxious and non-anxious major depression

AbstractObjectives. Major Depression with severe anxiety has been proposed as a distinct clinical variant of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This proposal invites the investigation of the differential biological correlates of the anxious versus non-anxious MDD. One such research area might be their possible differential associations with androgens. Methods. Plasma total testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were assessed in adequately matched female inpatients with anxious MDD, non-anxious MDD and normal controls. Results. Androgen levels were significantly lower in both patient groups compared to those of controls. Moreover, they were significantly lower in anxious MDD patients compared to those of their non-anxious MDD counterparts. The limitations of this study were cross-sectional design of the study, the small sample size of the study sample and the outpatient status of the control group. In addition, free testosterone levels were not measured. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that female major ...
Microwave spectroscopic imagery of the earth

The microwave spectrometer on the Nimbus 6 satellite has produced the first microwave spectral images of the earth. It has yielded global maps of (i) atmospheric temperature profiles, (ii) the distributions of water vapor and liquid water over ocean, and (iii) the coverage and type of ice and snow. The method has potential for operational synoptic monitoring.
Recent Developments in Superplasticity

The phenomenon of superplasticity is explored in the range of high strain rate for both nanocrystalline and microcrystalline materials. True tensile superplasticity has been demonstrated in nanocrystalline grain size range. The difference in the details of such superplasticity between nanocrystalline and microcrystalline state is emphasized.
Attenuation effects on imaging diagnostics of hollow-cone sprays

Detrimental effects to quantitative interpretation of Mie and laser-induced fluorescence images of hollow-cone sprays were investigated. The attenuation of the laser beam leads to locally unknown intensities rendering it impossible to obtain high-fidelity images of these sprays. Two strategies that use bidirectional illumination of the spray are discussed and evaluated. Conditions for which a bidirectional illumination, single-image detection will allow good recovery of the spray structure are identified. Furthermore, the attenuation of laser-induced fluorescence signals on their path through the spray is quantified.
Extensions to multifractal wavelet model for synthesizing network traffic

We provide a link between the concept of index of variability (IDV) and the multifractal wavelet model (MWM), that has been shown to capture the multifractal characteristics of network traffic. Index of variability has been proposed as an accurate measure of the degree of variability of network traffic (burstiness) over all relevant time scales. We introduce a new method that can be used to generate synthetic traffic traces from any valid IDV curve and the mean and variance of the associated network traffic trace.
Concordance in physical growth for monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Heights and weights were analysed for 636 twins who had been repeatedly measured from birth to 4 years. MZ twins were less concordant for birth weight than DZ twins, principally as a result of a few MZ pairs who exhibited very large differences. By one year of age, however, MZ twins had become more concordant for weight (Rmz = 0-87) while DZ twins moved further apart (Rdz = 0-55). For height, at birth, the MZ correlation was 0-58 while the DZ correlation was 0-82, but by 2 years, the MZ correlation reached 0-89 and the DZ correlation regressed to 0-58. The actual size differences within pairs followed a parallel course--for MZ twins, the differences became smaller following birth, whereas DZ differences became larger. The results are discussed in terms of (a) prenatal influences that differntially affect birth size within MZ pairs and DZ pairs, and (b) the rapid convergence of each twin on his genetic growth curve.
Smoking and white matter hyperintensity progression The ARIC-MRI Study

Objective: Our objective was to examine the link between smoking and smoking history, including smoking intensity and cessation, overall and by race, in a biracial prospective cohort study. Methods: A subset of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants (n = 972, 49% black) completed brain MRI scans twice (1993–1995 and 2004–2006). We defined white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression as an increase of ≥2 points on the 9-point Cardiovascular Health Study scale across scans. Participants reported information on smoking behavior at the baseline MRI and at 2 prior study visits, approximately 3 and 6 years before baseline. We used adjusted logistic regression to evaluate the association between smoking variables and WMH progression in the total sample and separately by race (black and white). Results: We found WMH progression in 23% of participants (30% of black participants, 17% of white participants). Overall, being a current smoker 6 years before baseline was associated with WMH progression. In race-stratified analyses, we found adverse associations with smoking status at multiple time points and persistent smoking in white but not in black participants. However, we found no statistical support for effect modification by race for most of these analyses. Increasing pack-years of smoking was associated with greater risk of WMH progression, while time since quitting and age at smoking initiation were not associated with WMH progression, with little indication of differences in these associations by race. Conclusions: Our findings concur with previous studies suggesting a relationship between smoking and WMH progression, and further demonstrate a dose-dependent association.
A high performance ST-Box based unified AES encryption/decryption architecture on FPGA

A single integrated and symmetric ST-Box structure followed by a single XOR Network is proposed for a unified AES encryptor and decryptor architecture.Switching capabilities of BRAM are explored to maximize the performance of system by proposing a duty-cycle based accessing technique.The Effectiveness of unified AES encryptor and decryptor core is then evaluated in both iterative and pipelined architectures.Our single-unit AES encryptor and decryptor cores on Virtex-7 FPGA result in highest design efficiencies. In this paper, a unified Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryptor/decryptor design is presented by proposing a symmetric ST-Box structure. This structure fully utilizes high capacity (32 Kb) Block RAM (BRAM) by accommodating all encryption and decryption lookup operations within a single BRAM in the form of single integrated Look-Up-Table. This design also caters the inherent asymmetric nature of encryption and decryption coefficients for a unified hardware. Further the symmetry at BRAM output is maintained to use a single XOR network during both encryption and decryption. The performance of design is enhanced by proposing a duty-cycle based accessing technique. It explores the switching capabilities of BRAM and effectively minimizes the ON time of BRAM by changing duty-cycle of input clock. This enables us to access single BRAM 4 times per clock. Effectiveness of design is further measured by implementing it, in both iterative and pipelined architectures. Our proposed iterative design on Virtex-7 proved to be the smallest 128-bit unified AES core with 48.70% reduced resources and the best Throughput Per Slice (TPS) of 11.56. Similarly our pipelined design saved 59.01% area and has the highest throughput of 45.69 Gbps.
Late Preceramic ceremonial architecture at Asana, southern Peru

Ceremonial architecture over 4600 years old has been discovered at the open air site of Asana in the high sierra of southern Peru – the best part of a thousand years earlier than in the central Andean sierra and with different architectural detail, form and content. This discovery provides new insights into a new regional architectural tradition and an alternative trajectory for the evolution of settled village life in the Andean highlands
Enhancing the Utility of the NHDPlus River Coverage: Characterizing Ecological River Reaches for Improved Management and Summary of Information

The National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) is a publicly available geospatial hydrologic framework data set widely used as a tool for researching, modeling, and assessing characteristics of le...