cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suicide Prevention among High School Students: Evaluation of a Nonrandomized Trial of a Multi-Stage Suicide Screening Program.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth. Suicide screening programs aim to identify mental health issues and prevent death by suicide. The present study evaluated outcomes of a multi-stage screening program implemented over 3 school years in a moderately-sized Midwestern high school. One hundred ninety-three 9th-grade students were screened in the program. Students who screened positive were referred to mental health services and followed. Suicide-related thoughts and behaviors among 9th-grade students in the school with screening were compared to those of students in a similar school without screening. There was a significant increase in utilization of mental health services among students who screened positive and a decrease in rates of suicidal ideation and attempts among 9th-grade students at the school with screening. This multi-stage screening program shows promise in addressing suicide-related behaviors in schools. Randomized trials are needed to confirm program efficacy.
Physician’s Risk Disclosure

As described in chapter two, for the majority of patients who receive therapeutic risk information, the physician is the primary source and additional sources are supplementary. Therefore, an examination of the nature and extent of physician delivered communications is essential to understand how patients learn about their therapies. Studies that have sought to measure the flow of information from doctor to patient have used a variety of methods. Unfortunately, measurement of this complex and dynamic interaction provides only limited insights that are correlated with the particular data gathering technique (Gerbert and Hargreaves, 1986).
In-Field, In Situ, and In Vivo 3-Dimensional Elemental Mapping for Plant Tissue and Soil Analysis Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Sensing and mapping element distributions in plant tissues and its growth environment has great significance for understanding the uptake, transport, and accumulation of nutrients and harmful elements in plants, as well as for understanding interactions between plants and the environment. In this study, we developed a 3-dimensional elemental mapping system based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy that can be deployed in- field to directly measure the distribution of multiple elements in living plants as well as in the soil. Mapping is performed by a fast scanning laser, which ablates a micro volume of a sample to form a plasma. The presence and concentration of specific elements are calculated using the atomic, ionic, and molecular spectral characteristics of the plasma emission spectra. Furthermore, we mapped the pesticide residues in maize leaves after spraying to demonstrate the capacity of this method for trace elemental mapping. We also used the system to quantitatively detect the element concentrations in soil, which can be used to further understand the element transport between plants and soil. We demonstrate that this method has great potential for elemental mapping in plant tissues and soil with the advantages of 3-dimensional and multi-elemental mapping, in situ and in vivo measurement, flexible use, and low cost.
Neurotrophins and Synaptogenesis

The brain is shaped by experience and activity to modulate learning and a wide number of innate and adaptive behaviors. Neural circuits are constantly changing by modifying synapses, which are created and eliminated throughout life. The number and efficacy of synapses undergo dynamic changes in response to experience and neuronal activity. Synapse formation involves a complex combination of signals that are exchanged between the pre- and postsynaptic terminals. A major challenge is to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the processing of neural activity. One hypothesis is that synapses may compete for trophic factors that are present in limited supply. Neurotrophic factors have emerged as important developmental cues that shape synapses at many stages from early steps of differentiation to refinement. Neurotrophin signaling affects both synaptic morphological features and their physiological functions. Of all the trophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been the most studied and characterized. This review will summarize the recent findings implicating BDNF in synaptogenesis and how individual neurotrophins exert specific effects upon the synapse.
Improving Mental Health Treatment Utilization in Military Veterans: Examining the Effects of Perceived Need for Care and Social Support

Many veterans with mental health problems do not adequately utilize needed care. Research has focused on identifying barriers to mental health care in veterans. The current study adds to existing l...
HID-1 controls cargo sorting and dense core formation by influencing trans- Golgi network acidification in neuroendocrine cells

Large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) mediate the regulated release of neuropeptides and peptide hormones. They form at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) where their soluble content aggregates to form a dense core, but the mechanisms controlling biogenesis are still not completely understood. Recent studies have implicated the peripheral membrane protein HID-1 in neuropeptide sorting and insulin secretion. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated HID-1 KO rat neuroendocrine cells, and show that the absence of HID-1 results in specific defects in peptide hormone and monoamine storage and regulated secretion. Loss of HID-1 causes a reduction in the number of LDCVs and affects their morphology and biochemical properties due to impaired cargo sorting and dense core formation. HID-1 KO cells also exhibit defects in TGN acidification together with mislocalization of the Golgi-enriched vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit isoform a2. We propose that HID-1 influences early steps in LDCV formation by controlling dense core formation at the TGN.
Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis as initial presentation of undiagnosed HIV infection: A case report and review of literature

Abstract There are a multitude of oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many of which have decreased in frequency following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in 1996. Atypical periodontal disease is an example of an oral manifestation that is infrequently seen yet strongly associated with HIV infection. HIV-associated periodontal disease can be classified into three categories, linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), which vary based on disease severity. When this disease process extends beyond the alveolar ridges and causes massive tissue destruction, it is termed necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis (NUS). Herein, we report a case of a 20-year-old male patient with undiagnosed HIV in whom necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis was the first presenting sign of underlying disease.
Research on Vibration Test in Urban Indoor Substation

The problem of vibration and noise of urban indoor substations has becoming more and more socially concerned.The urban indoor substation of 110kV and its conjoined buildings were taken as the research object and the vibration tests of the transformer and each floor slab were respectively carried out.The sound vibration characteristics and sound transmission rules of the urban indoor substation were obtained through the time-frequency analysis and coherence analysis of the test data. The vibration spectrum of transformer body was mainly 100Hz together with its multiplying factors and the vibration characteristics of the floor slab were basically the same as those of the transformer body. it is crucial to control the vibration and noise transmission in the equipment floor of the urban indoor substation.
An fMRI study of loneliness in younger and older adults

Loneliness, the subjective experience of social isolation, may reflect, in part, underlying neural processing of social signals. Aging may exacerbate loneliness due to decreased social networks and...
Unsupervised order-preserving regression kernel for sequence analysis

In this work, a generalized method for learning from sequence of unlabelled data points based on unsupervised order-preserving regression is proposed. Sequence learning is a fundamental problem, which covers a wide area of research topic including, e.g. handwritten character recognition or speech and natural language processing. For this, one may compute feature vectors from sequence and learn a function in feature space or directly match sequence using methods like dynamic time warping. The former approach is not general in that they rely on sets of application-dependent features, while, in the latter, matching is often inefficient or ineffective. Our method takes the latter approach, while providing a very simple and robust matching. Results obtained from applying our method on a few different types of data show that the method is gerneral, while accuracy is enhanced or comparable.
Prediction of Damage Sites Ahead of a Moving Heat Source

When an intense moving energy source impinges on a solid, the local stress and strain state are disturbed and cause distortion and dilatation of the material. The degree of disturbance depends on the speed and intensity of the moving source and material properties. Examined is the possibility of a threshold condition such that the material may damage by a combination of yielding and fracture.
Updated results: phase I trial of autologous CD19-targeted CAR T cells in patients with residual CLL following initial purine analog-based therapy.

7526Background: Autologous T cells genetically modified to express CD19-targeted 19-28z chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) induce durable responses in a subset of patients (pts) with relapsed/refrac...
The Effect of Preoperative Direct Ligation of Ethmoidal Arteries on the Perioperative Outcomes of Large Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas Surgery: A Clinical Study.

Background Anterior skull base meningiomas often grow to a large size (≥4 cm) before detection. Their blood supply is mostly provided by the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries. Because of their vascularity, intraoperative bleeding can be a challenging prospect that increases the risk of perioperative complications. Preoperative ethmoidal arteries ligation has been used to aid in limiting blood loss. Our objective was to assess the effect of preoperative arterial ligation on the perioperative course of large (≥4 cm) to giant (≥6 cm) anterior skull base meningiomas. Methods We retrospectively searched our database for large anterior skull base meningiomas (≥4 cm). We analyzed differences in intraoperative blood loss, operative time, intraoperative transfusion, and hematologic parameters between patients who did not undergo preoperative ethmoidal arteries ligation (Group 1) and those who did (Group 2). Results Average estimated blood loss (EBL) was 825 mL (Group 1) versus 350 mL (Group 2) (P = 0.42), decrease in hemoglobin was 4 g/dL versus 3.2 g/dL (P = 0.53), decrease in hematocrit was 12.4% versus 9.6% (P = 0.64), and average operative time was 656 minutes versus 598 minutes (P = 0.58). EBL per volume yielded a ratio of 10.6 mL/cm3 versus 4.1 mL/cm3 (P = 0.06). Conclusions Ethmoidal arteries ligation may have a benefit in large-to-giant anterior skull base meningiomas surgery. Our results showed a decrease in EBL and lesser decrease in pre- and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels as compared with cases in which no vascular ligation was performed when corrected for tumor volume.
High Concentrations Naturally Lead to Fuzzy-Type Interactions and to Gravitational Wave Bursts

Fuzzy logic is normally used to describe the uncertainty of human knowledge and human reasoning. Physical phenomena are usually described by probabilistic models. In this paper, we show that in extremal conditions, when the concentrations are very large, some formulas describing physical interactions become fuzzy-type. We also show the observable consequences of such fuzzy-type formulas: they lead to bursts of gravitational waves.
Ultrafast Infrared Vibrational Nanoscopy: Imaging Structure, Coupling and Dynamics on the Molecular Scale

We demonstrate spatio-temporal-spectral nano-imaging through vibrational heterodyne pump-probe infrared scattering scanning near-field optical miscroscopy (HPP IR s-SNOM), revealing the coupled electronic and molecular structural dynamics in a triple cation perovskite film.
Examining the Impact of Luxury Brand's Social Media Marketing on Customer Engagement: Using Big Data Analytics and Natural Language Processing

Abstract This research utilizes big data in investigating the impact of a luxury brand's social media marketing activities on customer engagement. In particular, applying the dual perspective of customer engagement, this research examines the influence of focusing on the entertainment, interaction, trendiness, and customization dimensions of a luxury brand's social media activities on customer engagement with brand-related social media content. Using big data retrieved from a 60-month period on Twitter (July 2012 to June 2017), this paper analyzes 3.78 million tweets from the top 15 luxury brands with the highest number of Twitter followers. The results indicate that focusing on the entertainment, interaction, and trendiness dimensions of a luxury brand's social media marketing efforts significantly increases customer engagement, while focusing on the customization dimension does not. The findings have important implications for the design, delivery, and management of social media marketing for luxury brands to engage customers with social media content.
Arthroplasty Care Redesign Impacts the Predictive Accuracy of the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool.

Abstract Background The Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) is used to predict patient discharge disposition after total joint arthroplasty. Following a comprehensive, multidisciplinary redesign, our institution noticed a trend toward home discharge in patients with RAPT scores that historically predicted discharge to acute care facilities, presenting an opportunity to redefine the predictive ranges for RAPT. Methods Retrospectively collected data were analyzed from a single institution in patients undergoing elective primary total joint arthroplasty from January 2016 to April 2017. Predictive accuracy (PA) was calculated for each RAPT score (1-12), RAPT score risk ranges (low, intermediate, and high), as well as overall. Other factors evaluated included patient-reported discharge expectation, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists scores as related to discharge disposition and the PA of RAPT. Results Overall PA of RAPT was 88% (n = 1024 patients). Patients were high risk for acute care facility with a RAPT score of 1 to 3 (PA ≥ 83%), intermediate risk 4 to 7 (PA, 52%-79%), and low risk 8 to 12 (PA ≥ 89%). In multivariable analysis, RAPT score and patient-reported discharge expectation had the strongest correlation with actual discharge disposition. Conclusion Our multidisciplinary redesign has impacted the PA of RAPT. The original predictive ranges should be modified to reflect the increasing proportion of patients being discharged home following elective arthroplasty procedures. We have identified patient-expected discharge destination as a powerful modulator of the RAPT score and suggest that it be taken into consideration for discharge planning.
Childbearing Worldviews and Contraceptive Behavior Among Young Women.

Objective To classify young women into groups based on their childbearing worldviews-patterns of attitudes about domains related to childbearing-and to test whether these groups predict contraceptive behavior. Background Contraceptive behavior-defined here as contraceptive use or abstinence-among young women in the United States illustrates the often puzzling relationship between attitudes and behavior. This study argues that considering sets of attitudes relevant to childbearing in relation to each other can explain apparent contradictions between attitudes and contraceptive behavior. Method Using data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study of young women (N=832), this study analyzes the relationships among attitudes about childbearing by using latent class analysis to partition survey respondents into meaningful groups, and then multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between group membership and contraceptive behavior. Latent class analysis (LCA) identifies classes that share similar relationships between responses across a series of variables to measure childbearing worldviews. Results Latent class analysis identifies six classes of young women that share childbearing worldviews, four of which were predicted by existing literature. Membership in those classes is then shown to predict contraceptive behavior, an important behavioral outcome. Conclusion The concept of worldviews and the method for identifying them will allow family researchers to identify meaningful groups in a population, as well as to generate theories about childbearing and contraceptive behavior.
Effects of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors on combined oral contraceptive pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in HIV-positive women.

Abstract Objective To assess the pharmacokinetics of combined oral contraceptive (COC) components and prevalence of ovulation in HIV-positive women using ritonavir-containing antiretroviral regimens compared to those using regimens previously found not to interact with COCs or not using any antiretrovirals. Study design We conducted a prospective cohort pharmacokinetic pilot study comparing the pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel (LNG) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) in HIV-positive women taking ritonavir-containing antiretroviral regimens to those in women using non-ritonavir-containing regimens or no antiretrovirals. Participants received COCs containing LNG/EE 150/30 mcg for 21 days. Beginning day 21, we collected serial blood samples over 72 h. The primary outcome was area under the curve (AUC) of LNG, with secondary outcomes including other LNG pharmacokinetic measures, EE pharmacokinetics and ovulation as measured by serum progesterone. Results Pharmacokinetic parameters of LNG showed a trend toward increased exposure in women on ritonavir. LNG AUClast increased by 32.6% (312±60.9 vs. 243±82.6 ng/mL*h, p=.033, n=5) in women taking ritonavir compared to the control group (n=10). The Cmax (9.68±1.81 vs. 7.62±2.29 ng/mL) and Cmin (4.97±1.15 vs. 3.70±1.29 ng/mL) were also higher in the ritonavir arm. After excluding the inconsistent users (n=2), CL of LNG was reduced in the ritonavir arm (p=.032). EE pharmacokinetic profiles were not different between groups. The progesterone concentrations were similar in women of both groups, and none were consistent with ovulation during the treatment cycle. Conclusion Women on ritonavir showed an approximately 30% increase in LNG exposure but no difference in EE exposure. Implications The current data suggest that ritonavir does not have a clinically significant impact on oral contraceptive pharmacokinetics.
Identifying and evaluating gaps in knowledge, skills, and qualities necessary for a career in academia

Abstract Introduction Due to demands for qualified faculty and educators, more pharmacy residency programs have adopted resident teaching certificate programs (RTCP). There is a lack of standardization and published research on what should be included in these programs. The primary objective of this study was to utilize an online survey to identify and evaluate perceived gaps in skills, qualities, and knowledge needed for a successful career in academia. Methods An IRB-approved Qualtrics® survey was developed and emailed to faculty at Ohio colleges of pharmacy in January 2018. Results Eighty of 299 total surveys (26.8%) were completed by faculty with representation from all seven colleges in Ohio. When asked to select from a provided list, the top five self-identified gaps in knowledge at the beginning of their career were: accreditation (80.56%), institutional finance (79.17%), programmatic assessment (79.17%), admissions/marketing (77.78%), and experiential site recruitment/retention (77.78%). However, when asked to list five gaps as a free response, the most common themes were tenure, teaching, research, curriculum, and work life balance/time management. Additional questions assessed skills, qualities, resources, and faculty development techniques. Conclusions There are many identifiable gaps that participants recalled experiencing in their early years as a faculty member. The number of RTCPs is growing and RTCPs are often the only training residents receive in direct relation to academia and pedagogy. It is critical that RTCPs cover consistent content to expose residents to a career in academia and teach skills that residents need to successfully educate others.
A Study of Natural Interactions with Digital Heritage Artifacts

In the context of digital heritage artifacts, this research investigates how best to recreate in virtual space the natural interactions a visitor experiences with artifacts in a museum. The first phase of the research involved observing and documenting visitors’ engagement with paintings and sculptures in five museums in Qatar and then based on the insights gained, building a digital heritage artifact called Al-Lulwa. This desktop application features a collection of photos, songs, and videos about the history of pearl-fishing in Qatar presented as a virtual gallery and an underwater scene. Viewers can navigate and explore this application using either a mouse or eye-gaze facilitated by a Tobii eye-tracker 4c. The next phase of the study involved an experiment with Al-Lulwa that examined the experience of a group of 60 participants, one half of whom were randomly assigned initially to mouse interaction and the other half to eye-gaze interaction. Those participants who used eye-gaze had a significantly higher mean affective response to their mode of interaction compared with users who used a mouse (p-value=2.195e-05). After viewing the virtual gallery and the underwater scene using both interaction modes, both groups of participants had significantly higher affective responses for eye-gaze over mouse interactions (p-values = 4.59e-06 and 1.025e-11 respectively). These results together with further qualitative analysis of the interaction experience provide useful guidelines for improving the design of digital heritage artifacts for real world deployment.
CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN OUTCOMES AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN HEART TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Development of accelerated coronary artery disease in cardiac transplant is one of main limitation factor in long term survival of the transplant recipient. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes were used to identify heart transplant patients with acute myocardial
Survival following cytoreductive nephrectomy: a comparison of existing prognostic models

Objective To validate models currently used to predict metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) outcomes in a cohort of patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN). Patients and methods A total of 10 RCC prognostic models (International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium [IMDC]; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC]; Culp; Leibovich; University of California at Los Angeles Integrated Staging System [UISS]; Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis [SSIGN]; Yaycioglu; Karakiewicz; Cindolo; and Margulis) were chosen based on clinical relevance and use in clinical trial design. Model validation was performed using patients who underwent CN at a single institution between 2005 and 2017, and model discrimination (ability to select patients at risk of death) was assessed. Concordance indices (c-index) were calculated and compared with originally published c-indices. Results A total of 515 CN patients were stratified according to the prognostic models. A total of 387 (75%) died over the study period, with estimated 3-year survival of 46.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.6-50.4%). All models' discriminatory capacity underperformed when compared to the originally published c-indices. The c-indices ranged from 0.53 (95% CI 0.50-0.56) for the Cindolo model to 0.61 (95% CI 0.58-0.64) for the Leibovich model. The MSKCC and IMDC models performed poorly with c-indices of 0.55 and 0.56, respectively. Conclusion Currently used prognostic models have limited discriminatory capacity when applied to a modern cohort of patients undergoing CN. They are inadequate for risk stratification and randomisation in prospective clinical trials of untreated patients with mRCC. Caution should be used when using these models for clinical decision making.
Cup! Cup? Cup: Comprehension of intentional prosody in adults and children

Abstract Prosody is the way something is spoken. Adults and children regularly use prosody in language comprehension and production, and much of this research focuses solely on emotion or on syntactic interpretation. The current study focuses on comprehension of intentional prosody devoid of semantic information as indicators of different types of speech acts. Adults (n = 72) and preschool children (n = 72) were asked to identify the referent of an isolated label (familiar or nonsense words) based solely on the varying prosodic information. Labels were spoken with intentional prosody (warning, doubting, naming) such that their prosody implied a particular intended referent. Adults and preschoolers selected the intended referent at above chance levels of performance for both familiar and nonsense words and for all three intentions, with adults performing faster and more accurately than children. Overall, this research demonstrates that preschool children and adults can use prosody to successfully determine the intended referent behind words and nonsense words, even if they are in isolation. This finding suggests that prosody alone conveys certain aspects of meaning during the preschool years.
Preserving privacy enables "co-existence equilibrium" of competitive diffusion in social networks

With the advent of social media, different companies often promote competing products simultaneously for word-of-mouth diffusion and adoption by users in social networks. For such scenarios of competitive diffusion, prior studies show that the weaker product will soon become extinct (i.e., "winner takes all"). It is intriguing to observe that in practice, however, competing products, such as iPhone and Android phone, often coexist in the market. This discrepancy may result from many factors such as the phenomenon that a user in the real world may not spread its use of a product due to dissatisfaction of the product or privacy protection. In this paper, we incorporate users' privacy for spreading behavior into competitive diffusion of two products and develop a problem formulation for privacy-aware competitive diffusion. Then, we prove that privacy-preserving mechanisms can enable a "coexistence equilibrium" (i.e., two competing products coexist in the equilibrium) in competitive diffusion over social networks. In addition to the rigorous analysis, we also demonstrate our results with experiments over real network topologies.
Joint Video Self-Modeling for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Partners: A Case Series.

Purpose Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience impairments to self-regulation and social communication that strain relationships. Video self-modeling (VSM) provides visible and au...
Label-free SERS detection of proteins based on machine learning classification of chemostructural determinants

We present an effective machine learning classification plus chemostructural characterization of proteins by a mixed data processing based on Principal Component Analysis applied to multipeak fitting on Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering spectra.
Towards autonomous ergonomic upper-limb exoskeletons: A computational approach for planning a human-like path

Abstract Computational path planning approaches can enable development of autonomous rehabilitation and assistive exoskeletons. Using a human-like reference behavior for such wearable systems can ensure safe, effective, and intuitive human–robot interaction. This is of significant importance since the quality of interaction and ergonomic considerations have a substantial effect on technology usability and acceptance by the users. This paper proposes a novel framework for generating human-like paths for wearable exoskeletons in the shoulder-elbow level. The introduced method is a two-stage process where a human-like reference path is planned in the configuration space of the human arm, followed by an analytical transformation that directly maps the derived path to the configuration space of the exoskeleton. The analytical mapping presented is a function of the kinematic parameters of the system and can be adapted for other upper-limb exoskeletons. As a case study, the proposed method is used for generating human-like reference motions for a six-degree-of-freedom exoskeleton supporting scapulohumeral rhythm, glenohumeral rotations, and elbow flexion/extension. Firstly, it is shown that reaching motions associated with activities of daily living can be predicted with high accuracy in the human joint space. This is demonstrated by analyzing the experimental data collected from healthy subjects. Subsequently, it is verified through kinematic analysis that the transformation of generated paths to the exoskeleton configuration space does not alter their spatial profile in the task space.
The Color of Money: A Story of One Complex Case and its Many Financiers

This is a paper about the business of litigation – it starts off by recognizing that while courts sometimes dispense justice, they also redistribute money. Therefore, the focus here is on how litigants, lawyers, and other parties with an economic interest in the outcome of a legal dispute shape legal process and allocate money and time to maximize the value of their stakes. To examine how parties invest in lawsuits, the paper tracks the antitrust case against an international cartel manufacturing LCD panels. With multibillion claims, high-profile executives facing jail, a stream of commerce affecting several industries and almost every consumer, this highly precedential case has become a nexus of various public and private interests. Sieving through thousands of court records, the study offers a unique insight into litigation finance, showing how litigation actors fought, competed, partnered, and traded; how they used procedure, money, and unique capabilities to advance their interests and objectives. The studied case demonstrates that the universe of litigation stakeholders transcends litigants and their lawyers. While some parties remain self-funded, others leverage by finding third-party allies: contingency lawyers, specialty funders, or banks. Moreover, in a complex legal process, financial arrangements are complex, too. Stakeholders in multiple suits can – and do – build coalitions to “crowdfund” them; recycle resources expended by others; and strategically sacrifice a portion of their upside in some cases to gain elsewhere. The paper argues that in the grand game of suits, participants of the litigation market use law and procedure as tools of profit optimization. Entrepreneurial lawyers are at the heart of that game. With pools of litigation stakes of their own, attorneys do not merely sell their expertise, but act as investors, engineers, and managers, helping turn legal disputes into marketable assets.
In situ determination of convection and diffusion profiles in heterogeneous media.

Biologic tissue in general, represent a complex media composed of, on a microscopic level, parenchymal tissue and the vasculature that is involved with transport of substances to and from the parenchymal tissue. In a variety of situations, it is important for one to know the concentration of a particular species (e.g. O2) within the tissue with high precision and resolution. For example if one had the ability to easily measure the oxygen concentration in a specific region of brain tissue, then one might be able to predict and, consequently prevent certain catastrophic events such as stroke.
Degrees of high-dimensional subvarieties of determinantal varieties

Let n = pab, where p is a prime, and g.c.d. (p, b) = 1. In Pn -1, let Xr be the variety defined by rank ((xjj)) < n r. We show that any subvariety of Xr of codimension less than par must have degree a multiple of p. We also show that the bounds on the codimension in our results are strict by exhibiting subvarieties of the appropriate codimension whose degrees are prime to p.
Translating Research into Clinical Practice: Making Change Happen

Objectives: To describe the process of adoption of an evidence-based, multifaceted, innovative program into the hospital setting, with particular attention to issues that promoted or impeded its implementation. This study examined common challenges faced by hospitals implementing the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) and strategies used to address these challenges. Design: Qualitative study design based on in-depth, open-ended telephone interviews. Setting: Nine hospitals implementing HELP throughout the United States. Participants: Thirty-two key staff members (physician, nursing, volunteer, and administrative staff) who were directly involved with the HELP implementation. Measurements: Staff experiences implementing the program, including challenges and strategies they viewed as successful in overcoming challenges of implementation. Results: Six common challenges faced hospital staff: (1) gaining internal support for the program despite differing requirements and goals of administration and clinical staff, (2) ensuring effective clinician leadership, (3) integrating with existing geriatric programs, (4) balancing program fidelity with hospital-specific circumstances, (5) documenting positive outcomes of the program despite limited resources for data collection and analysis, and (6) maintaining the momentum of implementation in the face of unrealistic time frames and limited resources. Strategies perceived to be successful in addressing each challenge are described. Conclusion: Translating research into clinical practice is challenging for staff across disciplines. Developing strategies to address common challenges identified in this study may facilitate the adoption of innovative programs within healthcare organizations.
Bacteriophage T4 transfer RNA: II. Mutants of T4 defective in the formation of functional suppressor transfer RNA

Abstract 151 independent suppressor-negative derivatives of a T4-coded nonsense suppressor, psub+, have been isolated and characterized. They fall into two complementation groups. One, designated mb (modifier of psub+ phenotype), is unlinked to psub+ and has been located about 10 map units from rII. The second group, designated psub−, includes deletions and single base changes which affect sites within 0.2 map units of the original mutation. The secondary mutations in those psub− mutants which still contain the original mutation, psub, have been positioned within the gene for the serine-transfer RNA by a series of two- and threefactor genetic crosses. 32P-labeled tRNA from mb, psub− and wild-type infected cells has been compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In mb-infected cells several of the tRNA species are missing, while in psub−-infected cells only the ser-tRNA is clearly absent. These studies suggest there are only two phage genes which are essential for the production of functional ser-tRNA. One is the structural gene for the ser-tRNA and the second plays an undefined role which affects several tRNA's.
Models for the analytical ultracentrifuge behavior of helix pomatia α-hemocyanin: II. Simulations of reacting microheterogeneous hemocyanin

Abstract Simulations for the moving-boundary ultracentrifuge behavior of Helix pommatia α-hemocyanin have been developed, based on modification of published models. In the present treatment, it has been assumed that the protein system is extensively microheterogeneous, with respect to its whole-half molecule reactivity. It has also been assumed that all such association and dissociation reactions can proceed to equilibrium in a time appreciably shorter than that which would be requaired to separate nonreacting half molecules from nonreacting whole molecules. Predictions based on this model agree well with reported experimental findings of nonequilibration of fractionated material, apparent independence of whole-to-half molecule concentration ratios on total concentration in sedimentation experiments, and stopped-flow dilution reactivity over a wide range of sedimentation coefficients.
Interpretation of Nutrient-Response Relationships in Rats

Nutrient-response curves are nonlinear and, as is true of other curves that define the rates of biological reactions, these curves can be described by rational polynomials. These nutrient-response curves presumably reflect the metabolic fate of the nutrient. Data reported for the accumulation of body nitrogen in rats fed three different proteins are interpreted in terms of the biochemical systems theory and metabolic control theories. Analysis of the rational polynomials that define the nutrient-response curves permits partitioning the nutrient between a number of grossly defined metabolic pathways. The power law formalism of the biochemical systems theory is discussed with respect to the well-established relationship between body weight and basal energy requirement.
Intradural lipomas in children.

A series of nine cases of intradural spinal lipomas presenting in childhood or infancy are discussed. In all instances, associated congenital defects and a history of insidious neurological deficit were characteristic findings. In seven of the nine cases a subtotal removal of the intradural lipoma was accomplished, with resulting improvement in the neurological condition. In all instances the pathological interpretation of the lesion was that of an adult type of lipoma. Despite the benign connotations of lipoma, total surgical removal of these lipomas occurring intradurally has often been found not feasible and is probably not necessary. The inclusion of lipoma tissue within the substance of the spinal cord and nerve roots renders manipulation and excision extremely hazardous in terms of retaining the integrity of the nervous structures involved. In these instances subtotal surgical removal and decompression have proven beneficial in all instances in this series. Although exaggeration of neurological deficit may occur postoperatively, if the above surgical principles are adhered to, this deficit is not necessarily of a permanent nature.
Rhetoric, history, and collective memory: Decoding the Goldhagen debates

This essay explores the intimate relationship that exists between rhetoric, history, and collective memory. Using the Goldhagen debate as a case study, the authors contend that both “histories” and “collective memories” are discursive constructs that should not be viewed as antithetical concepts; rather, they argue that each involves questions of identity, tradition, and forgetfulness. Furthermore, the authors argue that the polysemic nature of salient historical events brings with it competing nationalistic narratives. They conclude that the Goldhagen controversy created an international furor because the claim that “ordinary” Germans voluntarily perpetrated the Holocaust tapped into an assortment of collective memories.
Operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: An institutional review of clinical outcomes

Summary Purpose To retrospectively review the clinical outcome and incidence of post-operative complications after open end-to-end repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods Seventy consecutive patients (74 open Achilles tendon repairs) operated on between 1989 and 2002 were identified for inclusion in this investigation. The medical records were reviewed and patients were contacted for a follow up interview in order to survey their post-operative function. Outcome scores were calculated based on the Boyden outcome and AOFAS ankle–hindfoot scoring systems. Post-operative complications were documented during the chart review and follow up interview, including an additional nine patients (nine repairs), who were not included in the clinical evaluation portion of the study. Results Fifty-two patients (54 repairs) were successfully contacted and completed the follow up interview. Within this cohort there were 44 males and 8 females with a mean age of 41 years. Achilles tendon rupture in this population was attributable to participation in athletic activity in 87% of cases. At a mean post-operative follow up of 45 months, 96% of cases achieved an overall Boyden outcome score of good to excellent. The mean AOFAS ankle–hindfoot score was 96, with 74% of cases scoring greater than 90. Forty-two cases (78%) reported no pain and 40 cases (74%) reported no activity limitations. Fourteen post-operative complications were identified after 83 open Achilles tendon repairs, resulting in an institutional complication rate of 16.8%. The complications included four superficial wound infections, five deep wound infections requiring irrigation and debridement, one heel ulcer secondary to post-operative boot wear, three partial Achilles tendon re-ruptures, and one complete Achilles tendon re-rupture. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that open end-to-end repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures provides long-term functional outcomes with consistent good to excellent results. However, this high clinical success rate was associated with a relatively high incidence of post-operative complications. With careful attention to the surgical wound and patient adherence to post-operative rehabilitation protocols, operative repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures is a reliable treatment for active patients.
Letter to AMR Regarding “Convergent Stakeholder Theory”

The article presents a response to comments made by authors L. K. Trevino, G. R. Weaver and D. A. Gioia on the article “Convergent Stakeholder Theory,” by T. M. Jones and A. C. Wicks. Their first point of disagreement comes from Trevino and Weaver's argument that stakeholder theory is not viable because it is not descriptively plausible. Another point of contention comes from an assumption made by Gioia that came as a result of an incorrect reading of the initial article, which led Gioia to believe that stakeholder theory believes all stakeholders to be treated equally.
SOCRATES: A System for Automatically Synthesizing and Optimizing Combinational Logic

This paper presents SOCRATES, a system of programs which synthesize and optimize combinational logic circuits from boolean equations. SOCRATES optimizes logic using boolean and algebraic minimization techniques, and it optimizes circuits derived from this logic in a user defined technology with a rule based expert system. This paper discusses the goals of logic synthesis and the capabilities needed in a tool to meet these goals. SOCRATES's capabilities are then presented and demonstrated with experiments run on circuits from the 1986 Design Automation Conference synthesis benchmark set.
Quantitative assessment of iron accumulation in the deep gray matter of multiple sclerosis by magnetic field correlation imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deposition of iron has been recognized recently as an important factor of pathophysiologic change including neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). We propose that there is an excess accumulation of iron in the deep gray matter in patients with MS that can be measured with a newly developed quantitative MR technique—magnetic field correlation (MFC) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With a 3T MR system, we studied 17 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 14 age-matched healthy control subjects. We acquired MFC imaging using an asymmetric single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence. Regions of interest were selected in both deep gray matter and white matter regions, and the mean MFC values were compared between patients and controls. We also correlated the MFC data with lesion load and neuropsychologic tests in the patients. RESULTS: MFC measured in the deep gray matter in patients with MS was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P ≤ .03), with an average increase of 24% in the globus pallidus, 39.5% in the putamen, and 30.6% in the thalamus. The increased iron deposition measured with MFC in the deep gray matter in the patients correlated positively with the total number of MS lesions (thalamus: r = 0.61, P = .01; globus pallidus: r = 0.52, P = .02). A moderate but significant correlation between the MFC value in the deep gray matter and the neuropsychologic tests was also found. CONCLUSION: Quantitative measurements of iron content with MFC demonstrate increased accumulation of iron in the deep gray matter in patients with MS, which may be associated with the disrupted iron outflow pathway by lesions. Such abnormal accumulation of iron may contribute to neuropsychologic impairment and have implications for neurodegenerative processes in MS.
Public health workforce employment in US public and private sectors.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the number and distribution of 26 administrative, professional, and technical public health occupations across the array of US governmental and nongovernmental industries. METHODS This study used data from the Occupational Employment Statistics program of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. For each occupation of interest, the investigator determined the number of persons employed in 2006 in five industries and industry groups: government, nonprofit agencies, education, healthcare, and all other industries. RESULTS Industry-specific employment profiles varied from one occupation to another. However, about three-fourths of all those engaged in these occupations worked in the private healthcare industry. Relatively few worked in nonprofit or educational settings, and less than 10 percent were employed in government agencies. CONCLUSIONS The industry-specific distribution of public health personnel, particularly the proportion employed in the public sector, merits close monitoring. This study also highlights the need for a better understanding of the work performed by public health occupations in nongovernmental work settings. Finally, the Occupational Employment Statistics program has the potential to serve as an ongoing, national data collection system for public health workforce information. If this potential was realized, future workforce enumerations would not require primary data collection but rather could be accomplished using secondary data.
Monooxygenase activity in Cunninghamella bainieri: Evidence for a fungal system similar to liver microsomes

Abstract The fungus Cunninghamella bainieri effects the oxidative N-demethylation of aminopyrine, O-demethylation of 4-nitroanisole and anisole, the aryl hydroxylation of anisole, aniline, and naphthalene, and the reduction of nitro and azo groups. The hydroxylation of 4-[2H]-anisole and 2-[2H]-anisole proceeds with migration and retention of isotopic hydrogen (NIH shift). The above reactions and the formation of the trans-dihydrodiol of naphthalene and the incorporation of oxygen-18 from 18O2 into the trans-dihydrodiol and hydroxylated anisole are characteristic of reactions catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of hepatic microsomes. The product ratios in these hydroxylations are very similar to those obtained using liver microsomes providing further evidence that the C. bainieri monooxygenase enzymes are similar to the liver monooxygenases. Furthermore, an epoxide hydrase enzyme similar to that present in hepatic microsomes must also be present in C. bainieri.