cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Characterization of Tennessee Brook Trout Populations and Associated Management Implications

Abstract Previous research has indicated that native southern Appalachian brook trout Salvelinus fotinalis are genetically distinct from hatchery stocks derived from northeastern populations. Six diagnostic allozyme loci identified in earlier research were used to assess the genetic origin of 38 Tennessee brook trout populations outside of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Twenty-two of these populations (58%) were putatively native, eight (21%) were derived from hatchery stocks, and eight (21 %) were hybrids. Significant genetic differences among the 22 native populations were observed, and genetic structure among these populations was high (genetic variance index F ST = 0.622). Thirty-two percent of the genetic variation among native populations was attributable to differences within watersheds, whereas 29% was attributable to variation among the five major watersheds containing brook trout. Populations located north (19) and south (3) of the French Broad River clustered separately, based on a geneti...
Treating critical illness caused by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus.

Abstract Background The 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic has set the world spinning, unexpectedly producing significant morbidity and mortality in young, otherwise healthy patients. Discussion As the virus spreads across the Northern Hemisphere, emergency physicians are confronted with the challenging task of caring for the many that become critically ill from this pathogen. With the exception of a few observational studies and case reports, there is little information to guide the emergency physician in resuscitating and delivering critical care to a rapidly deteriorating patient. Many moribund patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection require non-conventional critical care therapies. Conclusion In this article, we describe the case of a critically ill patient with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection. After a brief review of the unique characteristics of this virus, we discuss the management of critically ill patients burdened by infection with 2009 H1N1 influenza A.
Who Supports Health Reform

In this article, we report results from a new study that surveyed a large, national sample of American adults about their willingness to pay for health reform. As in previous work, we find that self-identified Republicans, older Americans, and high-income Americans are less supportive of reform. However, these basic findings mask three important features of public opinion. First, income has a substantial effect on support for reform, even holding political affiliation constant. Indeed, income is the most important determinant of support for reform. Second, the negative effects of income on support for reform begin early in the income distribution, at annual family income levels of $25,000 to $50,000. Third, although older Americans have a less favorable view of reform than the young, much of their opposition is due to dislike of large policy changes than to reform per se.
Development of Block Co-Polymers as Self-Assembling Templates for Patterned Media

Block copolymers that self-organize are of interest as templates for patterned media, as they potentially provide a low cost fabrication route. Poly(styrene)-Poly(methylmethacrylate) block co-polymers (PS-b-PMMA) of appropriate block length and PS to PMMA ratio self-assemble into a 2-D hexagonal phase in which the PS majority phase is continuous and surrounds cylinders of the minority, PMMA phase. For application of this phase to patterned media it is necessary that the cylinders of the minority phase be oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. This can be achieved by a number of methods, including appropriate choice of substrate and use of a random co-polymer underlayer. Appropriate substrates include H-terminated silicon, some carbon coatings and some ITO glasses. Use of an acetic acid wash causes the minority PMMA component can be induced to be rearranged, giving rise to pores perpendicular to the substrate. Electrodeposition of a metal into the pores produces a hardmask which can be used with ion-milling to transfer the block co-polymer pattern onto a magnetic thin film.
Speculative attacks on a monetary union

This paper develops the idea that full monetary union eliminates the channels through which private speculative attacks have typically ended fixed exchange rate regimes. Profitable speculation against the regime would require government actions following a regime change that are prohibitively costly to the government. The inherent stability of a full monetary union is not a feature of transitional arrangements as currently envisioned for the EMU. A relatively simple but unconventional policy initiative of "euroization" can considerably reduce the vulnerability of transitional arrangements to speculative attack. Copyright @ 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.
Calculation of daylength

where /is is the hour angle of the Sun (angular distance from the meridian of a site in radians) at sunset. Sunrise and sunset are not exactly symmetrical about the time that the Sun reaches a local meridian, but for biological simulation purposes the symmetry implicit in equation (1) is acceptable. The geometric equation for sin a (where a is solar elevation) can be rearranged to find hs as follows:
William Kentridge's Activist Uncertainty during and after Apartheid

The exhibition William Kentridge: Five Themes is the first full-scale Kentridge survey to tour the United States and Europe. Featuring more than 120 animated films, drawings, prints, theater models, and books, it began in March 2009 and ends at the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, in October 2011. More than any other artist, Kentridge has shaped international perceptions of apartheid in South Africa. This exhibition pays due homage to that achievement but also insists on recognizing the artist's prodigious visual inventiveness, the worldwide relevance of his work. Recently he has been revisiting the modernist avant-garde and the early years of cinema. These interests are brought together in his designs for Shostakovich's opera The Nose , at the Metropolitan Opera, New York. Kentridge began in the theater and is now returning to it more often; how is theatricalization changing the nature and impact of his art?
Ethnicity and Gender Influences on Learning Styles in Nursing Students From an Hispanic-Serving Institution

Literature has shown that considerations of learning styles are important in the educational process of health professionals. Among other variables, differences of learning styles may be influenced by language, culture, and heritage. The purpose of this study was to describe the learning styles of nursing students at an Hispanic-serving university. This study discusses the influence of gender and ethnicity on learning styles and the role of academic acculturation in nursing education.
Does mandatory disclosure affect recognition of contingent liabilities? Evidence from FIN 48

This paper investigates whether mandatory disclosure affects managers’ decisions to recognize contingent tax liabilities. Because of the proprietary nature of tax disclosures, some managers have an incentive to minimize tax reserves and to limit the quality of disclosures, while others prefer to maintain large tax reserves to meet future earnings goals. If large tax reserves are maintained, additional disclosure may be beneficial to reduce information asymmetry between managers and financial statement users. I find that firms that increase tax reserves when they implement FIN 48 are more likely to issue higher quality FIN 48 disclosures. Poor disclosure quality is associated with higher future tax expense and lower future cash taxes, suggesting that these firms are benefiting from under-accruing tax reserves and disclosing less about their contingent tax liabilities.
Stability of Maternal Sensitivity Across Time and Contexts with Q-Sort Measures

This study examined stability of maternal sensitivity and efficacy of a Q-sort measure of maternal sensitivity across time and context. Two versions of the maternal behavior Q-set (MBQS) were employed, first during the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and second at home, 2.5 years later based on an available subsample. Findings revealed that the MBQS scores assessed at two time points in two contexts were significantly correlated, showing the stability of maternal sensitivity of the subsample over a time period of 2.5 years. The MBQS scores assigned to mothers of preschoolers were also significantly correlated with their children's early interactive behavioural scores given during the SSP. The current findings further support validating the consistency, the versatility and the efficacy of the MBQS as a sound measure of maternal sensitivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Productivity Premium in Equity Returns

A productive firm has a high return on invested capital, and is likely to have a low capital to enterprise value ratio and a low book to market ratio. Similarly, unproductive firms tend to be value firms. This is evidence of an efficient market. However, given the well-known value premium in equity returns and given the negative correlation between book-to-market ratios and productivity in the cross section of firms, we expect productive firms to offer lower returns than unproductive firms. Therefore it is surprising that productivity is a positive predictor of returns. We conclude that investors have historically made systematic mistakes by failing to fully incorporate measures of firm productivity in stock selection. These errors are one source of the value premium in equity returns. If they continue, portfolio managers of all styles - value, growth and balanced - may increase alpha by tilting toward productive firms.
A new modern soritid foraminifer, Amphisorus saurensis n. sp., from the Lizard Island Group (Great Barrier Reef, Australia)

Abstract Specimens of a new soritid foraminifer were collected from Bird Island, of the Lizard Island Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Differences in aperture arrangement, shape, and number, and in internal test morphology are reported which distinguish the Bird Island specimens from previously described soritines. The analysis supports the establishment of a new species that we name Amphisorus sauronesensis. Molecular systematic comparison suggests that the new species is closest to Amphisorus hemprichii (Ehrenberg 1839) and supports the placement of the new species in the genus Amphisorus (Quoy and Gaimard 1830). Cytological investigations indicate the presence of symbiotic dinoflagellates throughout A. sauronesensis sp. nov., with the highest concentration of symbionts located in the intermediate chambers.
How 1-Methylcyclopropene Has Altered the Washington State Apple Industry

Commercialization of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has provided a new tool to storage operators for management of fruit quality in the postharvest environment. For apple as an example, availability of the commercial 1-MCP product SmartFresh has brought an additional dimension to decisions regarding postharvest chemical treatments, storage temperature regimes, storage atmospheres, and planned storage duration based on fruit maturity at harvest. Poststorage impacts of 1-MCP use at harvest on handling and packing procedures have also become apparent with commercial use. Marketing programs have also been impacted because the "tails of the manifest" (large/small sizes, lower color grades) can be held longer in cold storage after packing primarily as a result of slower loss of firmness in many cultivars. Although some quality issues, primarily related to physiological disorders occurring on specific cultivars, are yet to be fully resolved, continuing widespread use of 1-MCP is indicative of its commercial usefulness.
Understanding Regeneration of Arsenate-Loaded Ferric Hydroxide-Based Adsorbents

Abstract Adsorbents comprising ferric hydroxide loaded on a variety of support materials are commonly used to remove arsenic from potable water. Although several studies have investigated the effects of support properties on arsenic adsorption, there have been no investigations of their effects on adsorbent regeneration. Furthermore, the effect of regenerant solution composition and the kinetics of regeneration have not been investigated. This research investigated the effects of adsorbent and regenerant solution properties on the kinetics and efficiency of regeneration of arsenate-loaded ferric hydroxide-based adsorbents. Solutions containing only 0.10–5.0 M NaOH or 0.10–1.0 M NaCl, as well as solutions containing both compounds, were used as regenerants. On all media, >99% of arsenate was adsorbed through complexation with ferric hydroxide. Arsenate recovery was controlled by both equilibrium and kinetic limitations. Adsorbents containing support material with weak base anion-exchange functionality or n...
A Process-Tolerant Ring Modulator Based on Multi-Mode Waveguides

We present a novel 3.3- $\mu \text{m}$ radius ring modulator design with dramatically reduced resonance wavelength variations. By implementing a multi-mode waveguide design for the ring waveguides, phase errors from processing non-idealities in waveguide width and etching depth are significantly reduced. Measured resonance wavelengths from four 200-mm wafers fabricated in a commercial 130-nm CMOS foundry showed a total of $\sim 5$ -nm peak-to-peak variation, which is only about 1/6 of the free spectral range of the ring design. With this tighter control over the absolute resonance positions, the tuning range and tuning power requirements of the ring modulators can be significantly reduced, which in turn enhances their functionality for applications in high density, energy-efficient high-performance computing systems.
Air-sea interactions in the marginal ice zone

The importance of waves in the Arctic Ocean has increased with the significant retreat of the seasonal sea-ice extent. Here, we use wind, wave, turbulence, and ice measurements to evaluate the response of the ocean surface to a given wind stress within the marginal ice zone, with a focus on the local wind input to waves and subsequent ocean surface turbulence. Observations are from the Beaufort Sea in the summer and early fall of 2014, with fractional ice cover of up to 50%. Observations showed strong damping and scattering of short waves, which, in turn, decreased the wind energy input to waves. Near-surface turbulent dissipation rates were also greatly reduced in partial ice cover. The reductions in waves and turbulence were balanced, suggesting that a wind-wave equilibrium is maintained in the marginal ice zone, though at levels much less than in open water. These results suggest that air-sea interactions are suppressed in the marginal ice zone relative to open ocean conditions at a given wind forcing, and this suppression may act as a feedback mechanism in expanding a persistent marginal ice zone throughout the Arctic.
Decreased E-rosette formation following streptolysin-O treatment.

SummaryDoses of SO which did not cause lymphocyte lysis or reduced viability (≤2 HU), decreased E-rosette formation. SO, treated with agents which block hemo-lytic activity (heat, oxygen, cholesterol, and anti-SO serum), did not affect E-rosette formation. Cholesterol and anti-SO serum were not able to reverse the E-rosette-in-hibiting action of SO. EAC-rosettes were not affected by SO.
Current state of affairs of Peyronie's disease.

This issue of Translational Andrology and Urology (TAU) focuses on the timely topic of Peyronie’s disease (PD).
Has the American Public’s Interest in Information Related to Relationships Beyond “The Couple” Increased Over Time?

Finding romance, love, and sexual intimacy is a central part of our life experience. Although people engage in romance in a variety of ways, alternatives to "the couple" are largely overlooked in relationship research. Scholars and the media have recently argued that the rules of romance are changing, suggesting that interest in consensual departures from monogamy may become popular as people navigate their long-term coupling. This study utilizes Google Trends to assess Americans' interest in seeking out information related to consensual nonmonogamous relationships across a 10-year period (2006-2015). Using anonymous Web queries from hundreds of thousands of Google search engine users, results show that searches for words related to polyamory and open relationships (but not swinging) have significantly increased over time. Moreover, the magnitude of the correlation between consensual nonmonogamy Web queries and time was significantly higher than popular Web queries over the same time period, indicating this pattern of increased interest in polyamory and open relationships is unique. Future research avenues for incorporating consensual nonmonogamous relationships into relationship science are discussed.
Psychosocial Factors and Community College Student Success: A Meta-Analytic Investigation

This meta-analysis examined the relationship between psychosocial factors and community college student success. Informed by college persistence models and motivational theory, we statistically integrated past research on five psychosocial categories (motivation, self-perceptions, attributions, self-regulation, and anxiety), examining their relationship with two student success outcomes: community college persistence (58 samples, N = 23,372) and achievement (186 samples, N = 56,095). Results indicated that psychosocial factors had small but meaningful relationships with community college persistence and achievement. Correlations were larger overall for motivation and self-perceptions, and when outcomes were more proximally related with student engagement. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Structure of Autonomy–Paternalism: An Exercise in Framing and Reframing

By allowing entree into problematic cases bioethics exposes the framework supporting the current system of medical care. Once exposed it compels us to ask questions about how it works, how it came ...
Characterization of apical and basolateral membrane conductances of rat inner medullary collecting duct

Initial segments of the inner medullary collecting duct of the rat were perfused in vitro, and the electrophysiological properties of the apical and basolateral membranes were examined with KCl-filled microelectrodes. The fractional resistance of the apical membrane (FRa = Ra/Ra + Rbl) and the transepithelial resistance (RT) were estimated by cable analysis. In control tubules the transepithelial voltage (VT) averaged -2.2 mV, and the voltage across the basolateral membrane (Vbl) averaged -51.1 mV. RT was 11.9 k omega.cm (72.8 omega.cm2), and FRa was 0.94. Pretreatment of the rats with deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-pivalate for 7-10 days did not alter these electrophysiological properties. In control tubules, amiloride in the lumen (10(-5) M) changed VT from -3.0 to +1.4 mV and increased Vbl from -49.4 to -53.8 mV, RT from 12.5 to 13.6 k omega.cm, and FRa from 0.92 to 0.98. Thus the apical membrane is conductive to Na+. An increase of the bath K+ concentration from 4 to 15 mM caused an 18.8 mV depolarization ...
Top-Down Pricing of IT Services Deals with Recommendation for Missing Values of Historical and Market Data

In order for an Information Technology (IT) service provider to respond to a client’s request for proposals of a complex IT services deal, they need to prepare a solution and enter a competitive bidding process. A critical factor in this solution is the pricing of various services in the deal. The traditional way of pricing such deals has been the so-called bottom-up approach, in which all services are priced from the lowest level up to the highest one. A previously proposed more efficient approach and its enhancement aimed at automating the pricing by data mining historical and market deals. However, when mining such deals, some of the services of the deal to be priced might not exist in them. In this paper, we propose a method that deals with this issue of incomplete data via modeling the problem as a machine learning recommender system. We embed our system in the previously developed method and statistically show that doing so could yield significantly more accurate results. In addition, using our method provides a complete set of historical data that can be used to provide various analytics and insights to the business.
Trade policy under monopolistic competition with firm selection

We analyze trade policy in a symmetric, two-country version of the Melitz-Ottaviano (2008) model. Our characterizations are in‡uenced by three driving forces correspond- ing to the selection eect, the …rm-delocation eect, and the entry-externality eect. Starting at global free trade, we show that a country gains from the introduction of (1) a small import tari¤; (2) a small export subsidy, if transportation costs are low and the dispersion of productivities is high; and (3) an appropriately combined small increase in its import and export taris. The welfare of its trading partner, however, falls in each of these three cases. We also oer characterizations of e¢ cient and Nash trade policies. We …nd that global free trade is generally not e¢ cient, even within the class of symmetric trade policies; and we establish that the import tariexceeds the export tariin a symmetric Nash equilibrium. We also provide conditions under which e¢ cient symmetric trade policies entail a total tarithat is positive but below that in a symmetric Nash equilibrium; and we show that, starting at the symmetric Nash equi- librium, countries can mutually gain by exchanging small reductions in import taris, export taris or combinations thereof.
Abstract P011: Endothelial Differentiation and Lineage Tracing in Adipocyte-Derived Multipotent Cells

We previously showed that so-called de-differentiated fat (DFAT) cells, which are derived from mature white adipocytes, spontaneously differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. Our aim in this study was to investigate if DFAT cells also differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro, and to further examine the cellular origin of DFAT cells as well as adipose stromal cells (ASCs) using lineage tracing. First, we examined DFAT and ASCs prepared from aP2-Cre+/+;LacZ ROSA(R26R)+/+ double transgenic mice, which express LacZ under the aP2 promoter. The results revealed that 99.9% of DFAT cells and 45% of the ASCs stained positive for LacZ, supporting that the DFAT cells and part of the ASCs are of adipocytic origin. Second, we allowed newly isolated DFAT cells to spontaneously undergo EC differentiation, which was monitored by expression of EC lineage markers as determined by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and FACS. Expression of the EC markers CD31 and VE-cadherin increased progressively during 2 weeks in culture, the percentage of CD31(+) cells increased from 0.0% to 8.3%, and the cells formed multi-cellular tube structures when placed in Matrigel™/Collagen gels. The data supported that a fraction of the DFAT cells differentiate into ECs. Furthermore, the EC differentiation could be enhanced in DFAT cells by treatment with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 and BMP-9. In addition to EC differentiation, the DFAT cells also expressed markers of other cardiovascular lineages including smooth muscle cells and pericytes. The multipotency of DFAT cells suggests that cellular de-differentiation might be a way for differentiated cells to regain stem cell-like properties. Thus, white mature adipocytes maybe a new stem cell source for cardiovascular regeneration.
Circulation Induced by Isolated Dense Water Formation over Closed Topographic Contours

AbstractThe problem of localized dense water formation over a sloping bottom is considered for the general case in which the topography forms a closed contour. This class of problems is motivated by topography around islands or shallow shoals in which convection resulting from brine rejection or surface heat loss reaches the bottom. The focus of this study is on the large-scale circulation that is forced far from the region of surface forcing. The authors find that a cyclonic current is generated around the topography, in the opposite sense to the propagation of the dense water plume. In physical terms, this current results from the propagation of low sea surface height from the region of dense water formation anticyclonically along the topographic contours back to the formation region. This pressure gradient is then balanced by a cyclonic geostrophic flow. This basic structure is well predicted by a linear quasigeostrophic theory, a primitive equation model, and in rotating tank experiments. For sufficie...
Supervised learning in spiking neural networks with MLC PCM synapses

We demonstrate for the first time, the feasibility of supervised learning in third generation Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) using multi-level cell (MLC) phase change memory (PCM) synapses [1]. We highlight two key novel contributions: (i) As opposed to second generation neural networks that are used in machine learning algorithms [2], or spike timing dependent plasticity based unsupervised learning in SNNs [3], we use a spike-triggered supervised learning algorithm (NormAD [4]) for the weight updates. (ii) SNN learning capability is demonstrated using a comprehensive phenomenological model of MLC PCM that accurately captures the statistics of programming inter-cell and intra-cell variability. This work is a harbinger to efficient supervised SNN learning systems.
Environmental Stimulation and Stress

This chapter includes material on the general effects of environmental stimulation on behavior and its development, the effects of isolation and special or unusual environments, and the role of specific environmental variables. Among the variables considered are environmental pollutants, heat and cold, noise, etc. Since most of these conditions represent sources of stress for the individual, a section specifically devoted to environmental stress is also included. The chapter is organized in five parts.
The Influence of Chief Executive Officers’ Regulatory Foci on Firms’ Advertising, R&D, and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Abstract

This research examines the influence of CEOs’ regulatory foci on their firms’ strategic marketing behavior. The authors propose that CEOs’ degree of promotion focus relative to prevention focus positively impacts their firms’ likelihood of investing in intangible market assets (i.e., R&D, Advertising, and CSR). However, the authors also propose a dark side of CEOs’ promotion focus: a higher likelihood of firms getting involved in corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR). The impact of CEOs’ regulatory foci on firms’ strategic marketing behavior is proposed to be weaker for firms where the power of the marketing department is high. Findings based on observing a sample of 395 publicly listed US firms between 2006 and 2010 provide considerable support for the authors’ hypotheses. These results highlight the link between executives’ regulatory foci and strategic marketing behavior and underscore the positive and negative consequences associated with these foci.
Reconstructing vapor pressure deficit from leaf wax lipid molecular distributions

Estimates of atmospheric moisture are critical for understanding the links and feedbacks between atmospheric CO2 and global climate. At present, there are few quantitative moisture proxies that are applicable to deep time. We present a new proxy for atmospheric moisture derived from modern climate and leaf biomarker data from North and Central America. Plants have a direct genetic pathway to regulate the production of lipids in response to osmotic stress, which is manifested in a change in the distribution of simple aliphatic lipids such as n-alkanes. The Average Chain Length (ACL) of these lipids is therefore statistically related to mean annual vapor pressure deficit (VPDav), enabling quantitative reconstruction of VPD from sedimentary n-alkanes. We apply this transfer function to the Armantes section of the Calatayud-Daroca Basin in Central Spain, that spans the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) and the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT). Reconstructed VPDav rises from 0.13 to 0.92 kPa between 16.5 and 12.4 Ma, indicating a substantial drying through the MMCT. These data are consistent with fossil assemblages and mammalian stable isotope data, highlighting the utility of this new organic molecular tool for quantifying hydrologic variability over geologic timescales.
Pregnancy Toxemia and Ketosis of Ewes and Does

Pregnancy toxemia appears to occur as a result of a failure of gluconeogenesis in the face of high glucose demand. Numerous sequelae, including acidosis, electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, and renal failure, occur after the onset of pregnancy toxemia. Treatment is often unsuccessful, but vigorous therapy may lead to recovery if it is initiated early in the course of the disease. Prevention is very effective and involves paying attention to the changing nutritional requirements of the animals over the course of the reproductive cycle.
Interpolation using Be´zier curves

Publisher Summary The Bezier representation is well-known and frequently used for computer-aided design (CAD) applications, as it possesses extremely useful properties. This chapter discusses several important properties of the Bezier representation, such as control polygon convex hull curve bounding, intuitive curve shape control using control points, and the variation-diminishing property. The Bezier representation is a very useful tool for CAD applications. A Bezier curve only approximates the shape of its control polygon. If an interpolation scheme is required, that representation cannot usually be used. It may be desired to find the Bezier curve that interpolates a set of points. That will enable the use of the simple and elegant evaluation algorithms of the Bezier representation with its useful properties. The chapter presents a simple way to find the Bezier curve that interpolates a given set of points.
Fourier-Galerkin Method for Localized Solutions of Equations with Cubic Nonlinearity

Using a complete orthonormal system of functions in L 2(−∞ ,∞) a Fourier-Galerkin spectral technique is developed for computing of the localized solutions of equations with cubic nonlinearity. A formula expressing the triple product into series in the system is derived. Iterative algorithm implementing the spectral method is developed and tested on the soliton problem for the cubic Boussinesq equation. Solution is obtained and shown to compare quantitatively very well to the known analytical one. The issues of convergence rate and truncation error are discussed.
Simplified Qualitative Method for Canavanine in Seeds and Sprouts

The major stored nitrogen compound in alfalfa seeds is canavanine. To identify this nonprotein amino acid from seed extract and sprout water, a qualitative micro-thin-layer chromatography method was developed. Successful separation and identification was achieved using microsilica plates, a 70:30 ethyl alcohol-water solvent system, and 1% ammonium disodium pentacyanoammineferrate II for color development. This quick method was used to identify canavanine (sensitivity 50 microg) from irradiated and nonirradiated alfalfa and clover seed extracts and alfalfa sprout water. Broccoli and radish seed extracts were negative for canavanine. This simple method is useful to track the release and decrease of canavanine in the sprout water.
Outer Planets and Satellites

In contrast with the rocky planets, the gaseous planets beyond the Asteroid Belt consist of a rocky core mantled by thick ices of water, methane, and ammonia, liquid metallic hydrogen, and liquid molecular hydrogen (Hartmann 1983, p. 294). Jupiter may be experiencing an anomalously slow cooling because of condensation and settling of helium-rich droplets from a hydrogen-helium mixture; a similar process also may be occurring on Saturn (Klepeis et al. 1991). The satellites orbiting the gaseous planets have various origins ranging from accretion from a disk of gas from a previous larger satellite, to fragmentation, and reconsolidation (a process that may have occurred more than once), and capture. The internal structures displayed by these satellites include a total molten stage model except for a rigid thin solid crust on Io. However, Schubert et al. (1986) believed that there are problems with this molten model of Io and have proposed instead a model consisting of an Fe-S core, a solid mantle, a molten or partly molten asthenosphere, and a rigid crust. Models proposed by Schubert et al. for the other satellites include mostly rock (hydrated or dry silicates) covered by water and an ice crust (Europa), and differentiated bodies having rock cores covered by ice mantles and undifferentiated structures of homogenous ice rock mixtures. Thus, the tectonics and internal dynamics of these satellites are controlled by the rheology and viscosity of high-pressure and low-temperature forms of ice (Poirier 1982).
Neural Regulation of Paternal Behavior in Mammals: Sensory, Neuroendocrine, and Experiential Influences on the Paternal Brain

Across the animal kingdom, parents in many species devote extraordinary effort toward caring for offspring, often risking their lives and exhausting limited resources. Understanding how the brain orchestrates parental care, biasing effort over the many competing demands, is an important topic in social neuroscience. In mammals, maternal care is necessary for offspring survival and is largely mediated by changes in hormones and neuropeptides that fluctuate massively during pregnancy, parturition, and lactation (e.g., progesterone, estradiol, oxytocin, and prolactin). In the relatively small number of mammalian species in which parental care by fathers enhances offspring survival and development, males also undergo endocrine changes concurrent with birth of their offspring, but on a smaller scale than females. Thus, fathers additionally rely on sensory signals from their mates, environment, and/or offspring to orchestrate paternal behavior. Males can engage in a variety of infant-directed behaviors that range from infanticide to avoidance to care; in many species, males can display all three behaviors in their lifetime. The neural plasticity that underlies such stark changes in behavior is not well understood. In this chapter we summarize current data on the neural circuitry that has been proposed to underlie paternal care in mammals, as well as sensory, neuroendocrine, and experiential influences on paternal behavior and on the underlying circuitry. We highlight some of the gaps in our current knowledge of this system and propose future directions that will enable the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the proximate control of parenting by fathers.
Impaired copper transport in schizophrenia results in a copper-deficient brain state: A new side to the dysbindin story.

Objectives: Several schizophrenia brain regions exhibit decreased dysbindin. Dysbindin modulates copper transport crucial for myelination, monoamine metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Schizophren...
The long-term functional outcome in Mustard patients study: Another decade of follow-up.

OBJECTIVE For over 20 years, we have followed a cohort of patients who underwent the Mustard procedure for d-transposition of the great arteries. The current study follows the same cohort from our last study in 2007 to reassess their functional capacity and quality of life. PARTICIPANTS Of the original 45 patients, six patients have required cardiac transplant and 10 patients have died, including two of the transplanted patients. Twenty-five of the remaining patients agreed to participate in this current study. DESIGN Patients underwent comparable testing to the previous studies when possible including exercise stress testing, echocardiography, MRI or CT evaluation of cardiac anatomy and function, Holter monitor, and quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of patients have experienced cardiac death either in the form of mortality or cardiac transplantation. The major cause of death was systemic right ventricular failure. Sixty-five percent have continuing abnormalities of rhythm. Exercise time and workload showed a statistically significant decrease from the original study (Time 1) to both 10-year (Time 2) and 20-year (Time 3) follow-up points. Right ventricular ejection fraction decreased significantly from the Time 1 to Time 2, and again to this current follow-up. Quality of life measures of energy level decreased significantly from the original study to both the Time 2 and Time 3. CONCLUSION Cardiac mortality for Mustard patients remains high, and over time, systemic right ventricular ejection fraction, rhythm, exercise tolerance, and quality of life assessments show deterioration. There does not appear to be a single clear predictor of poor outcome.
ILA-MCM: Integrating Memory Consistency Models with Instruction-Level Abstractions for Heterogeneous System-on-Chip Verification

Modern Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) integrate heterogeneous compute elements ranging from non-programmable specialized accelerators to programmable CPUs and GPUs. To ensure correct system behavior, SoC verification techniques must account for inter-component interactions through shared memory, which necessitates reasoning about memory consistency models (MCMs) This paper presents ILA-MCM, a symbolic reasoning framework for automated SoC verification, where MCMs are integrated with Instruction-Level Abstractions (ILAs) that have been recently proposed to model architecture-level program-visible states and state updates in heterogeneous SoC components.ILA-MCM enables reasoning about system-wide properties that depend on functional state updates as well as ordering relations between them. Central to our approach is a novel facet abstraction, where a single program-visible variable is associated with potentially multiple facets that act as auxiliary state variables. Facets are updated by ILA "instructions," and the required orderings between these updates are captured by MCM axioms. Thus, facets provide a symbolic constraint-based integration between operational ILA models and axiomatic MCM specifications. We have implemented a prototype ILA-MCM framework and use it to demonstrate two verification applications in this paper: (a) finding a known bug in an accelerator-based SoC, plus a new potential bug under a weaker MCM, and (b) checking that a recently proposed low-level GPU hardware implementation is correct with respect to a high-level ILA-MCM specification.
Childhood-Onset Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with a Vulvar Granuloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract Background Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multisystem necrotizing vasculitis associated with eosinophilia and extravascular granuloma and classically involving the upper and lower airways. There have only been a few reported cases of gynecologic involvement in EGPA. Case We present an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with EGPA with a vulvar granuloma in what is, to our knowledge, the first reported pediatric gynecologic manifestation of EGPA. Interestingly, the vulvar granuloma did not respond to initial immunosuppressant treatment with prednisone and methotrexate and required treatment regimen modification with mycophenolate mofetil resulting in granuloma resolution. Summary and Conclusion EGPA in the pediatric population has a relatively high mortality rate compared with in the adult population thus it is important that vulvar granulomas associated with EGPA should be included in the differential diagnosis of a vulvar mass allowing for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this potentially fatal disease in children.
Household Energy Costs and the Housing Choice Voucher Program: Do Utility Allowances Pay the Bills?

Utility bills present a hidden threat to the affordability of a family’s housing—unknown before a household moves into a unit, and unpredictable from one month to the next. In theory, tenants recei...
Emerging roles of adjunct therapies in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (aTTP) is caused by autoantibody-mediated severe deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13), with subsequent accumulation of ultra-large vWF-multimers that spontaneously form platelet-VWF complexes and microthrombi within the microcirculation. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), by removing autoantibodies and excess ultra-large vWF multimers and replenishing ADAMTS13 activity, remains the urgent primary initial treatment. Although heterogeneity in treatment exists, most centers add upfront immunosuppression with steroids, and many also add upfront rituximab. Refractoriness, exacerbation and relapse are commonly treated with adjunct rituximab. Despite adjunct steroids and rituximab, TTP refractoriness, exacerbation, relapse, morbidity, and mortality remain problematic. Newer adjunct therapies include suppression of ADAMTS13 autoantibody production via plasma cell depletion, inhibition of vWF-platelet interaction, and replenishment of ADAMTS13 function with recombinant ADAMTS13 protein.
Active Object Tracking using Context Estimation: Handling Occlusions and Detecting Missing Targets.

When performing visual servoing or object tracking tasks, active sensor planning is essential to keep targets in sight or to relocate them when missing. In particular, when dealing with a known target missing from the sensor's field of view, we propose using prior knowledge related to contextual information to estimate its possible location. To this end, this study proposes a Dynamic Bayesian Network that uses contextual information to effectively search for targets. Monte Carlo particle filtering is employed to approximate the posterior probability of the target's state, from which uncertainty is defined. We define the robot's utility function via information-theoretic formalism as seeking the optimal action which reduces uncertainty of a task, prompting robot agents to investigate the location where the target most likely might exist. Using a context state model, we design the agent's high-level decision framework using a Partially-Observable Markov Decision Process. Based on the estimated belief state of the context via sequential observations, the robot's navigation actions are determined to conduct exploratory and detection tasks. By using this multi-modal context model, our agent can effectively handle basic dynamic events, such as obstruction of targets or their absence from the field of view. We implement and demonstrate these capabilities on a mobile robot in real-time.
Impact of Interaction Context on the Student Affect-Learning Relationship in Child-Robot Interaction

Prior work in affect-aware educational robots has often relied on a common belief that the relationship between student affect and learning is independent of agent behaviors (child’s/robot’s) or unidirectional (positive/negative but not both) throughout the entire student-robot interaction. We argue that the student affect-learning relationship should be interpreted in two contexts: (1) social learning paradigm and (2) sub-events within child-robot interaction. In our paper, we examine two different social learning paradigms where children interact with a robot that acts either as a tutor or a tutee. Sub-events within child-robot interaction are defined as task-related events occurring in specific phases of an interaction (e.g., when the child/robot gets a wrong answer). We examine sub-events at a macro level (entire interaction) and a micro level (within specific sub-events). In this paper, we provide an in-depth correlation analysis of children’s facial affect and vocabulary learning. We found that children’s affective displays became more predictive of their vocabulary learning when children interacted with a tutee robot who did not scaffold their learning. Additionally, children’s affect displayed during micro-level events was more predictive of their learning than during macro-level events. Last, we found that the affect-learning relationship is not unidirectional, but rather is modulated by context, i.e., several affective states facilitated student learning when displayed in some sub-events but inhibited learning when displayed in others. These findings indicate that both social learning paradigm and sub-events within interaction modulate student affect-learning relationship. ACM Reference Format: Huili Chen, Hae Won Park, Xiajie Zhang, and Cynthia Breazeal. 2020. Impact of Interaction Context on the Student Affect-Learning Relationship in Child-Robot Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’20), March 23-26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374822
Integration of flexible polyimide arrays into soft extracellular matrix-based hydrogel materials for a tissue-engineered electronic nerve interface (TEENI).

Abstract Background Biomimetic hydrogels used in tissue engineering can improve tissue regeneration and enable targeted cellular behavior; there is growing interest in combining hydrogels with microelectronics to create new neural interface platforms to help patient populations. However, effective processes must be developed to integrate flexible but relatively stiff (e.g., 1−10 GPa) microelectronic arrays within soft (e.g., 1−10 kPa) hydrogels. New method Here, a novel method for integrating polyimide microelectrode arrays within a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold is demonstrated for use as a tissue-engineered electronic nerve interface (TEENI). Tygon tubing and a series of 3D printed molds were used to facilitate hydrogel fabrication and device assembly. Comparison with existing methods Other comparable regenerative peripheral nerve interface technologies do not utilize the flexible microelectrode array design nor the hydrogel scaffold described here. These methods typically use stiff electrode arrays that are affixed to a similarly stiff implantable tube serving as the nerve guidance conduit. Results Our results indicate that there is a substantial mechanical mismatch between the flexible microelectronic arrays and the soft hydrogel. However, using the methods described here, there is consistent fabrication of these regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces suitable for implantation. Conclusions The assembly process that was developed resulted in repeatable and consistent integration of microelectrode arrays within a soft tissue-engineered hydrogel. As reported elsewhere, these devices have been successfully implanted in a rat sciatic nerve model and yielded neural recordings. This process can be adapted for other applications and hydrogels in which flexible electronic materials are combined with soft regenerative scaffolds.
Participation in 12-Step Programs and Drug Use Among Older Adults With Cannabis Use Disorder: Six-Month Outcomes:

This study examined associations among cannabis use disorder (CUD), 12-step program participation, and cannabis and other drug use at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Participants were age 5...