cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Definition of a "True" Periprosthetic Shoulder Infection Still Eludes Us.

Periprosthetic shoulder infections associated with Propionibacterium have become a diagnostic challenge for surgeons treating patients with refractory pain and stiffness. This organism can complicate not only shoulder arthroplasties but also nonarthroplasty procedures, such as shoulder arthroscopy and spine surgery1-3. The predilection for the shoulder and the back is likely related to the topographic variation of the skin microbiome. The highest density of Propionibacterium is typically found in the pilosebaceous glands of the oily anterior part of the chest and back4, and so bacteria can easily be introduced into the deep tissues at the time of surgery. The shoulder arthroplasty community is far from a consensus on how to diagnose and manage revision arthroplasty associated with positive Propionibacterium cultures. Periprosthetic shoulder infections do not present with typical signs of erythema and drainage as with periprosthetic hip and knee infections. The presentation can be clandestine, with patients reporting vague stiffness and discomfort often years after an initially successful arthroplasty and often presenting with “aseptic” component loosening. As we know, because Propionibacterium is a fastidious, slow-growing organism, its growth and identification are more difficult than that associated with organisms such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Often, surgeons attempting to make the diagnosis of a periprosthetic shoulder infection will send multiple specimens from different areas of the shoulder for culture and then are obligated to wait …
Accurate concentration control of mitochondria and nucleoids

All cellular materials are partitioned between daughters at cell division, but by various mechanisms and with different accuracy. In the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the mitochondria are pushed to the cell poles by the spindle. We found that mitochondria spatially reequilibrate just before division, and that the mitochondrial volume and DNA-containing nucleoids instead segregate in proportion to the cytoplasm inherited by each daughter. However, nucleoid partitioning errors are suppressed by control at two levels: Mitochondrial volume is actively distributed throughout a cell, and nucleoids are spaced out in semiregular arrays within mitochondria. During the cell cycle, both mitochondria and nucleoids appear to be produced without feedback, creating a net control of fluctuations that is just accurate enough to avoid substantial growth defects.
Origin of ADH-induced vacuoles in rabbit cortical collecting tubule

The origin of the vacuoles that form in the mammalian collecting duct during antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-mediated water reabsorption was examined using two computer-assisted, light microscopic methods. First, differential interference-contrast microscopy was used in combination with a simple morphometric procedure to quantitatively characterize the time course, magnitude, and cell specificity of vacuole formation in the microperfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Second, video-intensified fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the basolateral endocytosis of a fluorescent, fluid-phase marker (i.e., lucifer yellow) during vacuole formation. In the presence of a lumen-to-bath osmotic gradient, ADH addition induced the rapid (less than 10 min) formation of large (1- to 3-micron diam) vacuoles in principal cells and, to a lesser extent, in a subpopulation of intercalated cells. The vacuoles subsequently shrank and disappeared over the course of 60-90 min in the continued presence of the hormone and osmotic gradient. The vacuoles collapsed very slowly after elimination of the osmotic gradient at the peak of the vacuolation response, which implies that these structures are intracellular compartments rather than dilated extracellular spaces. During their formation the vacuoles could be loaded with peritubular (but not luminal) lucifer yellow, which remained trapped within most of these structures well after the dye was removed from the bath (greater than 30 min). These results indicate that most vacuoles that form during ADH-mediated water reabsorption are intracellular, endocytic compartments that communicate with the peritubular space via endocytosis of basolateral cell membrane.
KrF Laser-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond

A KrF* (248 nm) laser-based process for the deposition of carbon films containing a large fraction of diamond is reported. The experiment consists of focusing the pulsed laser beam at normal incidence onto the surface of a low temperature (20° – 150° C) silicon substrate in the presence of acetic or malonic acid vapor. The process docs not require the presence of hydrogen, although an inert buffer gas, e. g. argon, is usually employed. Deposition rates of approximately 1 μm - hour−1 are obtained, and the presence of diamond in the deposited film is inferred from Raman Spectroscopy and Auger Electron Spectroscopy.
pH Dependent Changes in Cell Membrane Stability

SummaryA pH dependent, reversible resistance of normal dog liver cells to standard homogenization has been demonstrated in vitro. This phenomenon is very similar to that previously observed in dogs in hypotensive hypovolemia or respiratory acidosis. Possible mechanisms by which acid pH may alter plasma membrane stability have been discussed. The significance of this phenomenon in interpretation of biochemical data derived from homogenates of shocked tissues is emphasized.
Continuous health monitoring of pavement systems using smart sensing technology

Abstract Recently, significant attention has been devoted to the utilization of new sensing technologies for pavement maintenance and preservation systems. This study presents a new approach for the continuous health monitoring of asphalt concrete pavements based on piezoelectric self-powered sensing technology. The beauty of this technology is that the signal sensed by the piezoelectric transducers from traffic loading can be used both for empowering the self-powered sensors and damage diagnosis. Numerical and experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the damage detection performance of the proposed self-sustained sensing system. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to obtain the pavement responses under moving tire loading. Damage was introduced as bottom-up fatigue cracks at the bottom of the asphalt layer. Thereafter, features extracted from the dynamic strain data for a number of sensing nodes were used to detect the damage progression. The laboratory tests were carried out on an asphalt concrete specimen in three point bending mode. For the protection of the embedded sensors, a new miniaturized spherical packaging system was designed and tested. Based on the results of the numerical study, the sensing nodes located along the loading path are capable of detecting the damage progression. Besides, the experimental study indicates that the proposed method is efficient in detecting different damage states including crack propagation. Finally, the possibility of localizing the damage and quantifying its severity was investigated and discussed.
The Effect of Testicular Torsion on the Contralateral Testis

AbstractIt has been reported that patients with history of testicular torsion experienced diminished fertility. This study was instituted to evaluate the effect of unilateral testicular torsion on contralateral testicular histology. Mature Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 10 experimental groups, 2 of which (10 animals each) were used for experimental controls. Group 1 underwent a sham procedure consisting of a right hemi-scrotal incision. Group 2 underwent a sham operation in which the right hemi-scrotum was opened and 2 sutures were placed through the testicular parenchyma. Group 3 animals underwent right testicular torsion with fixation to the scrotal wall. Ten days later contralateral testicles were examined. Testicular torsion was demonstrated to cause contralateral testicular damage. The sham animals had no contralateral changes. The effect of therapy (detorsion vs. orchiectomy) was then studied. Group 4 animals underwent torsion followed by detorsion at 24 hours. Group 5 animals underwent torsi...
Intracranial and Intratemporal Meningiomas with Primary Otologic Symptoms

Intratemporal extensions of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas are unusual and primary intratympanic meningiomas are extremely rare. The initial symptoms of both types are otologic. The presenting symptoms of even large meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle can also be otologic. In this article we report the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of five CPA meningiomas, three combined intratemporal and CPA meningiomas, and one primary intratympanic meningioma.
A Guide to Selecting a Network Similarity Method

We consider the problem of determining how similar two networks (without known node-correspondences) are. This problem occurs frequently in real-world applications such as transfer learning and change detection. Many networksimilarity methods exist; and it is unclear how one should select from amongst them. We provide the first empirical study on the relationships between different networksimilarity methods. Specifically, we present (1) an approach for identifying groups of comparable network-similarity methods and (2) an approach for computing the consensus among a given set of network-similarity methods. We compare and contrast twenty network-similarity methods by applying our approaches to a variety of real datasets spanning multiple domains. Our experiments demonstrate that (1) different network-similarity methods are surprisingly well correlated, (2) some complex network-similarity methods can be closely approximated by a much simpler method, and (3) a few network similarity methods produce rankings that are very close to the consensus ranking.
The Ambiguous Politics of Parity: Power and Deterrence in European Public Opinion

It is ironic that a “crisis” in Western security began in 1979. This was the year of NATO’s 30th anniversary, and among scholars the stability of the Alliance remained a prominent — even dominant — point of view. In fact, it was in 1979 that Anton DePorte convincingly analyzed the historical roots of the Western security “sub-system” that had endured for thirty years. In DePorte’s view, the most important features of that sub-system remained intact. Since the end of the Second World War, the crucial consideration had been the rise to pre-eminence of the United States and the Soviet Union, with all its implications for the security dependence of Western Europe and the subjugation of Eastern Europe. For West Europeans, Soviet power combined with geography to produce a threat that was palpable, however much it might vary with circumstances. And failing a unified European effort in defense as in the economic sphere, alliance with the United States remained a sine qua non of security and perhaps even of survival. Although NATO had seen many bitter controversies, the Alliance endured because the forces of change had been insufficient to overturn the “profound, precise and lasting consequences” that had been wrought by the Second World War.1
How Likely Are We? Evolution of Organismal Complexity

All complex multicellular organisms are eukaryotes. How did the evolution of the highly complex architecture of the eukaryotic cell arise? I discuss the differences between bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes) and eukaryotes in terms of chemistry, cellular structure, energetic and genetics. Chemistry and cell structure are less diagnostic of eukaryote than they appear at first. I focus on two pivotal differences between eukaryotes and other forms of life: energetics and genetic control. Eukaryotes can generate substantially more energy per gene than prokaryotes, and this has been suggested as the key enabler of complex genetics. I suggest that a more basic difference is the genetic logic of eukaryotes (not the genetic chemistry, which is shared with all domains of life). Eukaryotic genes are by default ‘off’, prokaryotic ones by default ‘on’. This difference makes growth in genome complexity easier, and growth in control complexity itself then drives a requirement for mitochondria and increased energy production. I conclude that, given ‘default off’ genetics, complex life is highly likely to evolve. The paths to the evolution of ‘default off’ genetics remain to be explored.
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract This article considers first-principles predictive modeling of carbon nanotube photovoltaic (PV) devices, with the objective being to increase predictive capabilities to the point that systems engineering approaches can be applied. After covering some background, the state of the art in first-principles modeling is reviewed and extended to include the construction of realistic spatial placements of carbon nanotubes within the device during manufacturing and the effects of exciton hopping between carbon nanotubes. Challenges in the construction of improved first-principles models and some promising future directions are discussed.
The Social Construction of Roles in Intimate Partner Violence: Is the Victim/Perpetrator Model the only Viable one?

This article addresses controversies in the field over LGBTQ intimate partner violence by describing the scope of the problem, employing both the traditional feminist paradigm and poststructuralist feminist theoretical approach to frame the problem, and, lastly, provide suggestions for advancing the field using interdisciplinary theories and methods. Implications for the field, policy, and treatment of victims and perpetrators of LGBTQ intimate partner violence are discussed.
Delayed Start for a Shortened Remedial Mathematics Course: The Effect on Student Retention

Much research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between appointment delay and one-shot appointment-keeping behavior. In the present study, we investigated whether such relationship is observ...
One possible source of mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in the Archean atmosphere of Earth

Abstract Energy transfer mechanism for recombination of two sulfur atoms into a diatomic molecule, S2, is studied theoretically and computationally to determine whether the rate coefficient of this process can be significantly affected by isotopic substitutions, and whether the resultant isotope effect is expected to be mass-dependent or mass-independent. This is one of sulfur polymerization processes thought to be important in the anoxic atmosphere of the Archean Earth and, potentially, relevant to mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes. A simplified theoretical approach is employed, in which all properties of S2 molecule are characterized rather accurately, whereas the process of stabilization of metastable S2∗ by bath gas collisions is described approximately. Properties of individual scattering resonances in S2 are studied in detail, and it is found that most important contributions to the recombination process come from ro-vibrational states formed near the top of centrifugal barrier, and that the number of such states is about 50 (in 32S32S). Absolute value of recombination rate coefficient is computed to be 1.22 × 10−33 cm6/s (for 32S32S at room temperature and atmospheric pressure), close to experimental result. Two distinct isotope effects are identified. One is a classical mass-dependent effect due to translational partition function, which leads to a weak, smooth, and negative mass-dependence of rate coefficient (4% decrease when the mass is raised from 32S32S to 34S34S). Second effect, due to quantized resonances, is two orders of magnitude stronger, but is local. In practice, due to presence of multiple individual resonances, this phenomenon leads to irregular mass-independent variations of rate coefficients in the ranges ±5%. It is also demonstrated that in real molecules this irregular behavior is expected to be somewhat smoother, and the isotope effect is somewhat smaller, due to dependence of stabilization cross section on properties of individual resonances (not described by present model). Thus, additional calculations of stabilization cross sections are needed in order to give quantitative prediction of this mass-independent isotope effect, and to determine its relevance to mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in the Archean rock record.
Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Preparation Is the Key to Success

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a time-intensive and complex procedure. It is associated with lower success rates and a higher incidence of periprocedural complications.1,2 Novel CTO techniques and device innovation in guidewires and support catheters have led the charge to improve care, with experienced centers achieving greater success rates.3,4 See Article by Yu et al As with most advanced cardiology procedures, the treatment of high-risk patients presents additional clinical complexity. Preprocedural risk assessment is essential to identify those who will benefit from CTO PCI and appropriately select those who can undergo the procedure safely. Several scoring systems based on angiographic features are useful for predicting technical success and related complications.5–7 The J-CTO score has been shown to predict guidewire crossing within 30 minutes and technical success and is the most widely used.6 However, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) now seems to have even greater discrimination and may represent an important part of preprocedural planning before CTO PCI.8 CCTA provides detailed 3-dimensional information of the coronary anatomy, which can guide procedural planning. Compared with traditional coronary angiography, CCTA provides greater anatomic morphology of occluded arteries. Coronary artery calcium can be quantified, and the distal vessel territory is …
Quantitation of valve regurgitation severity by three-dimensional vena contracta area is superior to flow convergence method of quantitation on transesophageal echocardiography.

Background Quantitation of regurgitation severity using the proximal isovelocity acceleration (PISA) method to calculate effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area has limitations. Measurement of three-dimensional (3D) vena contracta area (VCA) accurately grades mitral regurgitation (MR) severity on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods We evaluated 3D VCA quantitation of regurgitant jet severity using 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 110 native mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valves and six prosthetic valves in patients with at least mild valvular regurgitation. The ASE-recommended integrative method comprising semiquantitative and quantitative assessment of valvular regurgitation was used as a reference method, including ERO area by 2D PISA for assigning severity of regurgitation grade. Results Mean age was 62.2±14.4 years; 3D VCA quantitation was feasible in 91% regurgitant valves compared to 78% by the PISA method. When both methods were feasible and in the presence of a single regurgitant jet, 3D VCA and 2D PISA were similar in differentiating assigned severity (ANOVAP<.001). In valves with multiple jets, however, 3D VCA had a better correlation to assigned severity (ANOVAP<.0001). The agreement of 2D PISA and 3D VCA with the integrative method was 47% and 58% for moderate and 65% and 88% for severe regurgitation, respectively. Conclusion Measurement of 3D VCA by TEE is superior to the 2D PISA method in determination of regurgitation severity in multiple native and prosthetic valves.
Influences: Life lessons from Anita Zimmerman.

I joined Anita Zimmerman’s laboratory at Brown University as an undergraduate, almost exactly 30 years ago, and ended up staying for 5 years so that I could remain under her supervision for my PhD. In the 30 years since we first met, Anita has influenced every aspect of my personal and
A hierarchy of affinities between cytokine receptors and the common gamma chain leads to pathway cross-talk

Cytokines belonging to the common gamma chain (γ c ) family depend on the shared γ c receptor subunit for signaling. We report the existence of a fast, cytokine-induced pathway cross-talk acting at the receptor level, resulting from a limiting amount of γ c on the surface of T cells. We found that this limited abundance of γ c reduced interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-21 responses after IL-7 preexposure but not vice versa. Computational modeling combined with quantitative experimental assays indicated that the asymmetric cross-talk resulted from the ability of the “private” IL-7 receptor subunits (IL-7Rα) to bind to many of the γ c molecules even before stimulation with cytokine. Upon exposure of T cells to IL-7, the high affinity of the IL-7Rα:IL-7 complex for γ c further reduced the amount of free γ c in a manner dependent on the concentration of IL-7. Measurements of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between IL-4Rα and γ c were reduced when IL-7Rα was overexpressed. Furthermore, in a system expressing IL-7Rα, IL-4Rα, and γ c , BRET between IL-4Rα and γ c increased after IL-4 binding and decreased when cells were preexposed to IL-7, supporting the assumption that IL-7Rα and the IL-7Rα:IL-7 complex limit the accessibility of γ c for other cytokine receptor complexes. We propose that in complex inflammatory environments, such asymmetric cross-talk establishes a hierarchy of cytokine responsiveness.
A new algorithm to build bridges between two patient-reported health outcome instruments: the MOS SF-36® and the VR-12 Health Survey

Purpose To develop bridging algorithms to score the Veterans Rand-12 (VR-12) scales for comparability to those of the SF-36® for facilitating multi-cohort studies using data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) linked to Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS), and to provide a model for minimizing non-statistical error in pooled analyses stemming from changes to survey instruments over time. Methods Observational study of MHOS cohorts 1-12 (1998-2011). We modeled 2-year follow-up SF-36 scale scores from cohorts 1-6 based on baseline SF-36 scores, age, and gender, yielding 100 clusters using Classification and Regression Trees. Within each cluster, we averaged follow-up SF-36 scores. Using the same cluster specifications, expected follow-up SF-36 scores, based on cohorts 1-6, were computed for cohorts 7-8 (where the VR-12 was the follow-up survey). We created a new criterion validity measure, termed "extensibility," calculated from the square root of the mean square difference between expected SF-36 scale averages and observed VR-12 item score from cohorts 7-8, weighted by cluster size. VR-12 items were rescored to minimize this quantity. Results Extensibility of rescored VR-12 items and scales was considerably improved from the "simple" scoring method for comparability to the SF-36 scales. Conclusions The algorithms are appropriate across a wide range of potential subsamples within the MHOS and provide robust application for future studies that span the SF-36 and VR-12 eras. It is possible that these surveys in a different setting outside the MHOS, especially in younger age groups, could produce somewhat different results.
Dietary 23-hydroxy ursolic acid protects against atherosclerosis and obesity by preventing dyslipidemia-induced monocyte priming and dysfunction

Abstract Background and aims We demonstrated that dietary ursolic acid (UA) reduces atherosclerotic lesion size and improves kidney function in diabetic mice. Based on structure-function analyses of naturally occurring UA analogs, we synthesized 23-hydroxy ursolic acid (23-OHUA), a compound with structural features predicted to enhance its bioavailability and anti-atherogenic properties compared to UA. The goal of this study was to determine the anti-obesogenic and atheroprotective properties of 23-OHUA and its mechanism of action. Methods We performed chemotaxis assays to determine IC50 of phytochemicals on primed THP-1 monocytes. We fed 12-week old female LDLR−/− mice a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD supplemented with either 0.05% UA or 0.05% 23-OHUA, and measured monocyte priming, weight gain and atherosclerotic lesion size after 6 and 20 weeks. Results Both dietary UA and 23-OHUA prevented dyslipidemia-induced loss of MKP-1 activity, and hyper-chemotactic activity, hallmarks of blood monocytes priming and dysfunction, but they did not affect plasma lipids or blood glucose levels nor WBC and monocyte counts. After 20 weeks, mice fed 23-OHUA showed 11% less weight gain compared to HFD-fed control mice and a 40% reduction in atherosclerotic plaque size, whereas UA reduced lesion size by only 19% and did not reduce weight gain. Conclusions Dietary 23-OHUA reduces weight gain and attenuates atherogenesis in mice by protecting monocytes against metabolic stress-induced priming and dysfunction. Based on its mechanism of action, 23-OHUA may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity and atherosclerosis.
Virus-Induced Modulation of Reticuloendothelial Function

The ability of viruses to modify the functions of cells of the lymphoreticular system has been extensively investigated and reviewed (Woodruff and Woodruff, 1975; Specter and Friedman, 1978; Nash, 1985; Friedman et al., 1986; Rouse and Horohov, 1986). Frequently this information is amassed in such a manner that the importance of the interactions of viruses and macrophages receives little attention. In the present chapter these interactions are the focus of the discussion and review. The exception to inclusion of viruses in this chapter are the RNA tumor viruses, which are dealt with in Chapter 13 in this volume.
A survey of athletic medicine outreach programs in wisconsin.

Abstract In 1985, Sherman (21) reported a lack of organized and supervised health care for athletes in southern Wisconsin high schools and proposed that outreach athletic trainer services could help fill this gap. In order to determine the extent to which outreach programs are providing athletic training services, in January 1990, I surveyed 30 athletic medicine outreach services in Wisconsin to observe the frequency and scope of care being provided. Twenty-six surveys were returned. Results indicated that: (1) nearly half the high schools in Wisconsin subscribe to an outreach service; (2) outreach visits vary per individual school/service agreements, but average 2.5 visits per week, 2 hours per visit; (3) generally, outreach services furnish medical coverage to community athletic events as well as provide a source of continuing education programs for local coaches and administrators; (4) fees for services vary per contract, with nearly one-third of the respondents operating on a “no fee” volunteer basis; (5) nearly two-thirds of the outreach services emanate from a physical therapy department; and (6) 88% of services employ certified athletic trainers to provide outreach care. Outreach services appear as the mode of choice for providing athletic medicine in Wisconsin. Although some care is better than none, the quality and comprehensiveness of this care requires further investigation.
Psychology in Teacher Education: Efficacy, Professionalization, Management, and Habit

Educational psychology is a required element in the curriculum for all accredited teacher preparation programs in the United States, and background knowledge in educational psychology is assessed on examinations for teacher licensure in most jurisdictions. Traditional university-based teacher certification is under attack from various sectors, and the curriculum for teacher preparation is among the most contested issues. In this chapter, I examine four possible hypotheses that might be offered to explain the continued presence of educational psychology in the curriculum of US teacher education. Efficacy: Educational psychology is a requirement in teacher education curricula because the study of psychology makes better teachers (regardless of how one might define ‘better’). Professionalization: Educational psychology is included in the curriculum of teacher education because the affiliation with a scientific discipline helps to raise the professional status of teaching and teacher education. Policy/Management: Educational psychology remains in the curriculum of teacher education because psychological research renders the unruly practices of teaching more predictable, rational, and manageable; the language of psychology gives teacher educators a voice in educational policy making. Habit: Educational psychology continues to be included in the curriculum of teacher education out of habit.
Fighting the Hydra: United Nations sanctions and rebel groups

In the past 25 years, the United Nations has sanctioned 28 rebel groups in 13 civil wars. Have the UN sanctions been effective in meeting the goal of conflict reduction? In this article, we argue t...
Carrier Lifetime in Mid-Infrared Type-II Superlattice Photodetectors

Type-II (T2) InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) are important mid-infrared (IR) materials for photodetector applications. Carrier lifetime is a key indicator about the material quality and often a collective reflection of various physical mechanisms related to the device performance. In this work, a simple and effective electrical method is used to extract the carrier lifetime in T2SLs by taking advantage of the features of interband cascade IR photodetectors (ICIPs) [1,2]. This method can include different mechanisms for carrier transport in a device under large reverse bias at higher temperatures (e.g. 200–340 K). The extracted carrier lifetime has a temperature dependence that is different from what was obtained from widely used optical methods.
Planning analysis for energy park development

In the preceding chapters the energy park concept has been outlined in some detail (chapter 4). Moreover, a number of future scenarios for energy park development in the Montour region were composed in chapter 5. Based upon the information of these two chapters, we now consider application of the policy programming framework developed in chapter 3 to analyze the alternative options for energy park development in the Montour region.
A comparison study of the effectiveness of a strategic, short-term school counseling model and traditional counseling models as used by elementary school counselors

38 Introduction 38 The Strategic, Short-Term School Counseling Model 40 Step One 41 Step Two 42 Step Three 42 Step Four 44 Therapeutic Elements 48 Prescribing 48 Reframing 49 Positioning 50 Utilizing Students' Empowerment 51 Outcome Studies of Short-Term Therapy 53 Conclusion 55 References 57 MANUSCRIPT II: A COMPARISON STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRATEGIC, SHORT-TERM SCHOOL COUNSELING MODEL AND TRADITIONAL COUNSELING MODELS AS USED BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COUNSELORS 59 Abstract 59 Introduction 60 Method 64 Subjects 64 Procedure 66 Research Design and Data Analysis 70 Results 71
Supernova remnants in the magellanic clouds

At the 1998 IAU Symposium on the Magellanic Clouds, Dr. Robert Petre observed that we were reaching a time where it was possible “to study the MC SNRs at a level of detail comparable with many Galactic remnants”, while retaining the benefits of a global view in the MCs. Over the past decade, many researchers have taken advantage of these newly accessible populations. New MC-wide surveys at various wavelengths have enabled broader searches for SNR candidates, extending our census of MC SNRs to less prominent objects — older SNRs, SNRs in complex regions, et cetera. The use of light-echoes has provided a new avenue to probe young SNRs. Higher spatial and spectral resolutions in many wavelength regimes have enabled detailed studies of individual remnants, revealing progenitor types, pulsar-wind nebulae, expansion details, and environmental effects. Perhaps the newest conceptual development is the increasing use of the MC SNRs to study physical problems of wider significance to many fields of astronomy. For example, researchers have examined the energy and hot gas inputs of MC SNRs to the ISM, including their collective effects within superbubbles, in order to evaluate their effects on stellar feedback cycles in a galaxy. Other scientists have investigated the fraction of SNR energies going to the acceleration of cosmic rays, which has significant implications for the role of SNRs in cosmic-ray production. Most recently, the onslaught of Spitzer data has led to new exploration of dust in MC SNRs, allowing us to probe dust creation, depletion, and destruction in the MC SNR populations. In summary, the study of SNRs in the MCs appears to have “come of age” over the past decade, becoming a mature field with rich potential for future scientific work.
Movement of seed- and soil-applied fluopyram in soil columns.

The movement of seed- and soil-applied fluopyram was evaluated in soil columns. The nematicide was sampled at three soil depths and used in a nematode motility bioassay. Based on Meloidogyne incognita mortality, the downward movement of soil-applied fluopyram was affected by soil type and application method. No nematode-toxic levels of soil-applied fluopyram were detected past 5 cm depth in sandy loam soil compared to 10 cm depth in sandy soil. A slower rate of water infiltration had little impact on the movement of soil-applied fluopyram in sandy soil, but did affect the movement of soil-applied abamectin. In the seed-applied nematicide experiments, a greater effect on nematode mortality was observed at the 0 to 5 cm depth in sandy soil with fluopyram- than abamectin-treated cotton seed, whereas a similar effect was observed with soybean seed. No effect on nematode motility was observed with other seed-applied nematicides, thiodicarb, and Bacillus firmus. Overall, soil-applied fluopyram had a greater effect on M. incognita mortality at 10 cm depth in sandy soil than seed-applied fluopyram. These data provide a better understanding as to the movement of fluopyram as affected by soil type, water infiltration rates, and application methods.
The effect of age and sex on pelvic bone density measured opportunistically in clinical CT scans

Unstable pelvic ring fractures are severe and complex injuries, and surgical fixation is challenging and can be complicated by early failure due in part to difficulties with securely fixing screws in low-density bone. There is limited information in the literature about how the density distribution across the pelvic bones changes with age and sex. In this study, we used 60 sets of calibrated bone density measurements obtained opportunistically from clinical computed tomography scans of the pelvis. Three-dimensional models of the innominate bone were produced and the effects of age and sex on cortical bone density modeled. Overall trends and regions where these factors had a significant effect were identified, and the results visualized. Across the entire innominate bone, the mean loss of density was found to be 1.6 mg/cc per year, with several specific areas (pubic body, iliac fossa, posterior ilium, and anterior inferior iliac spine for example) showing significant rates of loss up to three times greater than the rest of the bone. Areas significantly affected by sex included the posterior pubic root, anterior aspect of the pubic body, and iliac crest. Despite overall trends of attenuation, there remains significant variability between individuals. This supports the need to further explore subject-specific planning tools for pelvic fracture repair. Statement of clinical significance: Bone density changes across the innominate bone due to age and sex tend to vary between individuals, although consistent effects were seen at specific regions. This information may help in surgical planning of unstable fracture repairs.
How do I…Incorporate a two‐sample blood type verification in a pediatric hospital?

Background The AABB (American Association of Blood Banks) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) regulations call on blood banks to address the risk of misidentification of a patient's blood type, which can result in transfusion of a mismatched product. Transfusion of mismatched blood product is potentially fatal due to acute hemolytic transfusion reaction and is considered a preventable event. CAP regulations outline options to reduce risk of mistransfusion by either documenting the ABO group of the intended recipient on a second sample collected at a separate phlebotomy, or utilizing a mechanical barrier system or electronic identification verification system that ensures the patient from whom the pretransfusion specimen was collected is the same patient who is about to be transfused. Study design and methods An electronic or barrier system was not available for implementation at our institution, therefore we developed a protocol for a two-sample verification system. The first determination is performed on a current sample and the second by one of the following methods: (a) comparison with previous laboratory records, (b) testing a second sample collected at a time different from the first sample (i.e., laboratory specimen available with a different timestamp, or a new blood sample). Results We improved our transfusion process and implemented a policy to require a second sample to confirm a patient's blood type. We also implemented workflows to obtain blood type confirmation from history of a second blood type result from previous laboratory records, including a policy to accept previous blood type records from an outside laboratory. Conclusions We describe a practice change for two-sample verification for type and screen in a large-scale pediatric hospital. We outline specific workflows for pre-operative and emergency transfusion scenarios, and pediatric-specific challenges.
STUDIES ON CARDIAC DIMENSIONS IN INTACT, UNANESTHETIZED MAN. IV. EFFECTS OF ISOPROTERENOL AND METHOXAMINE.

The effects on ventricular dimensions of intact, unanesthetized patients of isoproterenol, a drug that stimulates beta adrenergic receptors, and of methoxamine, an agent that stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors, were studied by means of a cineradiographic technic. The administration of isoproterenol to 13 patients consistently resulted in a decline in the end-systolic dimensions of both ventricles. A smaller and less consistent decrease in ventricular end-diastolic dimensions was noted. In contrast, the administration of methoxamine resulted in an increase of ventricular end-diastolic dimensions in all 10 patients studied. Left ventricular end-systolic dimensions increased during methoxamine infusion in the eight patients in whom the measurements were made, but changes in right ventricular end-systolic dimensions were inconsistent. The alterations in heart rate induced by isoproterenol and methoxamine could account only in part for the observed changes in ventricular dimensions. It is anticipated that the experimental approach used in this study, that is, the measurement of ventricular dimensions in intact, unanesthetized human subjects, will help to provide a more complete analysis of the action of drugs on the circulation of man.
Real-World Data, Interactive Games and Data Structure Visualizations in Early CS Courses Using BRIDGES

Grounding computer science concepts in real-world and socially relevant problems can be a key to increasing students' motivation and engagement in computing. BRIDGES provides an infrastructure for use in early CS courses that allows students to easily integrate real-world data into their routine course assignments and visualize the data and data structures of their implementations. The BRIDGES API provides several key advantages, First, minimal effort is needed to accessing and using interesting real-world datasets in CS homework assignments. Available data sets in BRIDGES span multiple domains, including entertainment, science, geographic data, and literature. Second, BRIDGES can be used by students to create and explore a visualization of the data used and data structures implemented in their assignments. Such visualizations can be used to illustrate concepts of underlying algorithm or data structure, or important data features. Third, the BRIDGES Game API allows students to implement 2D games, to emphasize basic concepts, such as control structures, looping and logic, while providing a fun experience. Finally, students can explore the benchmarking of algorithms in BRIDGES by using real and large data sets, emphasizing algorithm performance and computational complexity. Workshop attendees will engage in hands-on experience with BRIDGES with multiple datasets and will have opportunities to discuss how BRIDGES can be used in their own courses.
Effects of Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Stimulation on Neuroinflammation: Revisiting Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes on Chronic Lumbar/Leg Pain and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Objective In this narrative review, we reviewed and discussed current literature describing the molecular mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation and its role in the onset and progression of chronic neuropathic lumbar and leg pain in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome. In addition, we reviewed the proposed mechanisms and impact of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on neuroinflammation. Methods A broad search of current literature in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, Medline/Ovid, and Web of Science was performed using the following terms and their combinations: "biomarkers", "chronic back and leg pain", "cytokines", "neuroinflammation", "spinal cord stimulation (scs)," and "spinal cord modulation". We selected: 1) articles published in the English language between January 2000 and July 2020 2) preclinical and clinical data 3) case reports 4) meta-analysis and systematic reviews and 5) conference abstracts. Manuscripts not disclosing methodology or without full-text availability were excluded. Discussion SCS techniques have gradually evolved since inception to include novel methods such as burst-SCS, high frequency SCS, and differential targeted multiplexed SCS. The incidence of chronic pain after spine surgery is highly variable, with at least one third of patients developing persistent spinal pain syndrome. Novel SCS techniques have been associated with improved clinical and functional outcomes thus increasing patient quality of life. Conclusion Currently, health care providers rely on different options and methods for SCS when treating patients with refractory chronic lumbar pain and persistent spinal pain syndrome. Nevertheless, compelling clinical trials remain necessary to elucidate the long-term benefits and mechanisms of neuromodulation of all different types of SCS.
Uhl's Anomaly With Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Role of Multimodality Imaging in a Rare Association.

Abstract Uhl’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by partial or complete absence of the right ventricle myocardium. We report the first case, in a 21-year-old man, of Uhl’s an...
Outcomes of treatment and monitoring of posterior teeth with cracks: three-year results from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

OBJECTIVES To describe treatment and monitoring outcomes of posterior teeth with cracks at baseline followed in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network for up to three years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and nine dentists enrolled a convenience sample of 2,858 patients, each with a posterior tooth with at least one visible crack and followed them for three years. Characteristics at the patient, tooth, and crack level were recorded at baseline and at annual recall visits. Data on all teeth referred for extraction were reviewed. Data on all other teeth, treated or monitored, seen at one or more recall visits were reviewed for evidence of failure (subsequent extraction, endodontics, or recommendation for a re-treatment). RESULTS The survival rate for teeth with cracks at baseline exceeded 98% (only 37 extractions), and the failure rate for teeth that were treated restoratively was only 14%. Also, only about 14% of teeth recommended at baseline for monitoring were later recommended to be treated, and about 6.5% of teeth recommended for monitoring at baseline were later treated without a specific recommendation. Thus, about 80% of teeth recommended at baseline for monitoring continued with a monitoring recommendation throughout the entire three years of the study. Treatment failures were associated with intracoronal restorations (vs. full or partial coverage) and male patients. CONCLUSIONS In this large 3-year practice-based study conducted across the USA, the survival rate of posterior teeth with a visible crack exceeded 85%. Clinical relevance Dentists can effectively evaluate patient-, tooth-, and crack-level characteristics to determine which teeth with cracks warrant treatment and which only warrant monitoring.
Digitalis toxicity: II. The effect of metabolic alkalosis

Abstract The influence of metabolic alkalosis on the amount of acetylstrophanthidin necessary to produce ventricular tachycardia was studied in anesthetized dogs. Although an infusion of sodium hydroxide to produce an average pH of 7.57 resulted in hypokalemia, no significant difference in the amount of acetylstrophanthidin necessary to cause digitalis toxicity during control and metabolic alkalosis was noted. Acute digitalization produced an elevation of serum potassium, a slower heart rate, and an increase in arterial blood pressure. The duration of ventricular arrhythmias caused by acetylstrophanthidin, however, was greatly prolonged in the alkalotic animals. Possible mechanisms to explain this observation were discussed.
Pleiotropic resistance to DNA-interactive drugs is associated with increased expression of genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and stress response.

A combination of four genetic suppressor elements (GSEs), two of which are derived from putative transcriptional regulators, was previously found to increase resistance to drugs inhibiting DNA replication in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In the present study, two GSE-transduced cell lines, isolated with and without cytotoxic selection, were found to be resistant to a diverse group of DNA-interactive agents, including aphidicolin, hydroxyurea, cytarabine, etoposide, doxorubicin, and mafosfamide. Changes in gene expression associated with GSE-induced drug resistance were analyzed by cDNA array hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR. Twenty genes were found to be up-regulated in both of the resistant cell lines. These include genes involved in DNA replication and repair (e.g., PCNA, XRCC1, B-MYB, and GADD45), transcriptional regulators associated with stress response, and cell cycle checkpoint control (e.g., YB-1, DBPA, and ATF4), and genes for signal transduction proteins (e.g., protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and regulatory subunits alpha and beta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase). The observed changes in gene expression may play a role in pleiotropic resistance to different classes of DNA-targeting drugs.