cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of a lymphoma with helper T cell characteristics in Sézary syndrome.

A patient with Sezary syndrome presented with disease limited to the skin and circulating abnormal lymphocytes but subsequently developed a diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma. Malignant cells from a lymph node effaced with the morphologically undifferentiated lymphoma were characterized as being of thymus-derived (T cell) origin. We have previously shown that circulating malignant lymphocytes from some patients with Sezary syndrome are malignant cells that function as helper cells for Ig biosynthesis by normal B lymphocytes. In the present case, either peripheral blood lymphocytes, comprised mainly of Sezary cells, or cells from the malignant lymph node, containing morphologically undifferentiated lymphomatous cells, greatly augmented pokeweed mitogen-driven IgM synthesis by purified normal B lymphocytes. Thus both the peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoma cells from this patient could perform a helper function for Ig biosynthesis in vitro. The undifferentiated lymphoma in this case probably represented an extension of the original malignant clone of helper T cells rather than an unrelated lymphoma that developed de novo. This case illustrates that a T cell malignancy may be morphologically either relatively well differentiated, as in the circulating Sezary cells, or relatively undifferentiated, as in the lymphomatous node, and still express a residual helper T cell function. Furthermore, this case supports the view that it may be possible to classify certain morphologically undifferentiated lymphomas (or immunoblastic sarcomas) according to their immunoregulatory capacity in vitro.
Mold Content of Commercial Popcorn

Internal mold infection levels for microwave yellow popcorn, nonmicrowave white popcorn, nonmicrowave yellow popcorn and specialty popcorn were determined by direct plating of kernels on Dichloran-rose benga-chloramphenicol agar (DRBC), Dichloran-18% glycerol agar (DG-18), Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar (AFPA) and Czapek's iprodione agar (CZID). The total percentage of mold-infected kernels was low in microwave yellow popcorn (5.9%) and nonmicrowave yellow popcorn (7.3%), but somewhat higher in specialty popcorn (13.6%) and nonmicrowave white popcorn (15.1%). Of the molds found, Fusarium species predominated in the microwave yellow popcorn (54.2%) and nonmicrowave white popcorn (66.2%), whereas Aspergillus species predominated in the nonmicrowave yellow popcorn (43.8%) and specialty popcorn (52.9%). Of the Fusarium species isolated, F. moniliforme was the predominant species in all types of popcorn including microwave yellow (70.4%), nonmicrowave white (70.4%), nonmicrowave yellow (72.3%) and specialty popcorn (85.7%). Other Fusarium species found were F. proliferatum , F. semitectum , F. subglutinans , F. anthophilum , and F. graminearum . The presence of the Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus group was negligible in the popcorn samples evaluated. No significant differences were found among media in enumerating total mold infection levels. DG-18 was found to be effective in enumerating Aspergillus species, but ineffective in enumerating Fusarium species from popcorn. No significant differences were found among other media in enumerating Aspergillus and Fusarium species.
Time-Chunking and Hyper-Refocusing in a Digitally-Enabled Workplace: Six Forms of Knowledge Workers.

Until the turn of the millennium, switching tasks required moving locations or reconfiguring physical workspaces. However, contemporary digital tools and workspaces allow knowledge workers to perform an increasingly diverse set of tasks, with an increasingly extending arm of influence, all from the same physical location without any physical reconfigurations or traversing of physical space. Along with this increased ambidexterity comes an increase in the quantity and frequency of demands on the time of knowledge workers. This digitalization of work now tethers their ability to perform largely to their ability to intensely focus in small chunks, and then “hyper-jump” that focus to another task without traversing the cognitive cool downs or warm ups required to reconfigure their train of thought from one task to another. Accordingly, they must become more like the hyper-functioning tools they employ if they are to avoid becoming the bottleneck resource in the configuration of socio-technical elements comprising their work routines. In order to better understand how knowledge workers manage their time and maintain focus across multiple and interrupting tasks, we leverage current time prioritization literature to propose and theorize around two key constructs: time-chunking and hyper-refocusing. By combining the possible values for these two constructs, we hypothesize the emergence of six forms of knowledge workers and their relative expected performance. The effects of digitalization on these new worker forms are discussed. We conclude by discussing opportunities for new research questions regarding time-chunking strategies and the hyper-refocusing ability.
Some reflections on pattern recognition using interactive graphics

Workers in pattern recognition will have to cope, initially, with great complexity to solve most real world pattern-recognition problems. In this paper we seek to describe how we feel the interactive graphic computer can be used to aid the worker in pattern recognition. Our goal in examining interactive graphics is, in addition to doing the old things better, to use the new medium to do things differently.
Is the Corporate Tax Shifted? Empirical Evidence from Asean:

The importance of the corporation income tax in overall tax revenue is as high in ASEAN member countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—as in selected developed countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. This article surveys available fiscal incidence studies for ASEAN members and, after a critical evaluation of their methodologies, employs a two-sector general equilibrium model in order to study the incidence of the corporation income tax in ASEAN. It concludes that, except in Singapore, the tax is borne entirely by the owners of capital in contrast to the usual presumption that the tax is shifted. The policy implication of capital across the economy bearing the corporate tax is that double taxation of dividends—present, at least partially, in each ASEAN member—should be curtailed if these economies are to avoid the necessarily detrimental ramifications for capital formation.
Abstract C24: Interplay between ECM stiffness, miR-203 and mammographic density

High mammographic density (MD) is associated with a greater risk of breast cancer and is characterized by high extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen. Elevated collagen increases ECM stiffness and can promote the malignant transformation of oncogenically-primed mammary epithelial cells in culture and in vivo. Whether or not high MD reflects a breast stroma that is stiff and if ECM stiffness accounts for the elevated breast cancer risk in high MD tissue and how has yet to be resolved. To address this question we are conducting a comprehensive biophysical and molecular analysis of BIRADS status in prophylactic mastectomies in women with low (BIRADS 1) versus high MD (BIRADS 4). Data revealed that the intra-lobular ECM associated with the terminal end-buds contains anisotropic compliant and relaxed collagen fibrils. By contrast, the inter-lobular ECM contains stiff, oriented collagen fibrils. Preliminary data suggest that the ECM associated with the terminal end-buds in the upper outer quadrant may be stiffer in women with high MD as compared to low MD. These same tissues also expressed lower levels of the microRNA miR-203, which has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition. Consistently, in vitro studies revealed that miR-203 was repressed in MECs cultured on a stiff ECM. We also found that a stiffened mammary ECM decreases miR-203 expression and promotes an EMT. Additionally, inhibiting ECM stiffening restored miR-203 levels and reduced an EMT. Moreover and importantly, we showed that triple negative breast tumors that often express EMT markers have reduced miR-203 levels. Studies are underway to elaborate these preliminary findings and to assess their clinical relevance. (This work is supported by the: NIH NSRA T32 CA 108462-11 to Ivory Dean, Susan G Komen PDF12230246 to Irene Acerbi, W81XWH-13-1-0216, USMRAA DOD-BCRP BC122990, NIH R01 CA138818-01A1 and NIH R01 CA192914-01 to Valerie Weaver.) Citation Format: Ivory Dean, Irene Acerbi, Janna Mouw, Quanming Shi, Yunn-Yi Chen, Jan Liphardt, Shelley Hwang, Valerie Weaver. Interplay between ECM stiffness, miR-203 and mammographic density. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C24.
The Challenges in Implementing E-Democracy in the United States

Early predictions for information communication technology foresaw a transformation of the way that civil society interacts with government, but the implementation of that technology has thus far failed to transform the democratic process. Technology has changed certain aspects of government administration, particularly for governments in technology-rich areas, but a full synthesis of public participation and technology has yet to occur. This chapter discusses the prerequisites for full implementation of e-democracy, which includes but is not limited to the internal government implementation of technology. Beyond effective implementation of technology, e-democracy also requires a virtually engaged civil society willing and able to utilize an electronic public sphere. Great care must be taken in the event of the rise of true e-democracy to prevent marginalization of those who lack the ability to connect for reasons of income, infrastructure, or privacy concerns. Technology has the potential to foster a more inclusive public sphere and a more inclusive democracy, but great care must be taken to ensure that unnecessary censorship does not occur, that the virtual public sphere is not abused by corporations, that e-democracy is accessible, that the privacy of participants is protected, and that participants in the virtual public sphere are acting in good faith.
Computer Vision Application for Environmentally Conscious Smart Painting Truck

Transportation industry is heavily regulated in the United States to ensure passenger safety and low environmental impact. Highways, being the primary mode of transportation, offer an exciting area of research to achieve both objectives. For instance, road markings play an important role in maintaining traffic safety by providing proper guidance to the vehicle drivers. The marking activities require strict control technologies due to the properties of the liquids used that may be hazardous to the driver and to the environment. With this motivation, this paper proposes an environmentally friendly system for paint consumption monitoring and inventory control that keeps track of the utilization rate of the marking liquid (i.e., paint) while the paint trucks are on service. Through this system the paint crew and the decision makers would receive information regarding the amount of paint that is consumed so that refilling would be possible without significant time loss. The system, using a shortest path routing algorithm, directs the truck driver to the nearest refill station and then, if needed, to the nearest customer. The real time information sharing allows accurate billing and real time inventory control. A computer vision system is used to monitor the amount of paint consumption where the collected data are then sent to a multi-network system for real-time communication.
Abstract TP214: Hyperacute Plasma F2-Isoprostanes Predict Infarct Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objectives: Oxidative stress occurs as part of the earliest response to ischemia and is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebral injury. We sought to evaluate wheth...
Redundancy Does Not Imply Fault Tolerance: Analysis of Distributed Storage Reactions to File-System Faults

We analyze how modern distributed storage systems behave in the presence of file-system faults such as data corruption and read and write errors. We characterize eight popular distributed storage systems and uncover numerous problems related to file-system fault tolerance. We find that modern distributed systems do not consistently use redundancy to recover from file-system faults: a single file-system fault can cause catastrophic outcomes such as data loss, corruption, and unavailability. We also find that the above outcomes arise due to fundamental problems in file-system fault handling that are common across many systems. Our results have implications for the design of next-generation fault-tolerant distributed and cloud storage systems.
Publisher Correction: The β20-β21 of gp120 is a regulatory switch for HIV-1 Env conformational transitions

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Amos B. Smith, III, which was incorrectly given as Amos B. SmithIII. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Antiarrhythmic effects of vagal nerve stimulation after cardiac sympathetic denervation in the setting of chronic myocardial infarction

Background Neuraxial modulation with cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) can potentially reduce burden of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT). However, despite catheter ablation and CSD, VT can recur in patients with cardiomyopathy and the role of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in this setting is unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrophysiological effects of VNS after CSD in normal and infarcted hearts. Methods In 10 normal and 6 infarcted pigs, electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and during intermittent VNS pre-CSD (bilateral stellectomy and T2–T4 thoracic ganglia removal) as well as post-CSD. The effect of VNS during isoproterenol was also assessed pre- and post-CSD. Multielectrode ventricular activation recovery interval (ARI) recordings, a surrogate of action potential duration, were obtained. VT inducibility was tested during isoproterenol infusion after CSD with and without VNS. Results VNS increased the global ARI by 4% ± 4% pre-CSD and by 5% ± 6% post-CSD, with enhanced effects observed during isoproterenol infusion (10% ± 8% pre-CSD and 12% ± 9% post-CSD) in normal animals. In infarcted animals pre-CSD, VNS increased ARI by 6% ± 7% before and by 13% ± 8% during isoproterenol infusion. Post-CSD, VNS increased ARI by 6% ± 5% before and by 11% ± 7% during isoproterenol infusion. VT was inducible in all infarcted animals post-CSD during isoproterenol infusion; this inducibility was reduced by 67% with VNS (P = .01). In all animals, the hemodynamic effects of VNS remained after CSD. Conclusion After CSD, the beneficial electrophysiological effects of VNS remain. Furthermore, VNS can reduce VT inducibility beyond CSD in the setting of circulating catecholamines, suggesting a role for additional parasympathetic modulation in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
A War Before the War

The period between Alexander’s funeral and Yugoslavia’s appeal to the League was marked by much uncertainty. As the initial shock began to fade, a deepening split between governments emerged. The British hoped that quiet discussions at Geneva would prove enough to prevent a repetition of the Great War. The French worried about anything that might undermine the League, hamper chances of improving Yugoslavia’s relations with Italy, or force France to take sides in a public dispute between Belgrade and Rome. Despite resistance from Britain and France, the Yugoslav government increasingly called for accountability for Alexander’s murder as well as for an international effort to prevent such attacks from occurring again. Meanwhile the British minister in Belgrade went to extraordinary lengths to undercut his own government.
Signal Processing Fundamentals

In this chapter, we shall review material relevant to the understanding, design and application of optical and other devices discussed in this book. Signals can be analog, discrete or digital. For the analog case, the time or space variable is continuous. For the discrete case, the time axis is sampled at a fixed interval or for discrete values, even though the amplitude remains analog or continuous. Of course, for a digital system, the time is discrete and the amplitude is represented by a digital number. The spatial signal can also be two- or multidimensional.
Significance of CNS 2 cerebrospinal fluid status post-induction in pediatric and adolescent patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background At diagnosis, there are prognostic implications of low-level leukemic blasts (CNS 2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the significance of post-induction CNS 2 results and the impact of equipment on CNS 2 prevalence have not been well studied. Procedure A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the outcome of patients with ≥1 post-induction CNS 2. A subanalysis compared the proportion of CNS 2 CSF results using 2 different cytocentrifuges; the Shandon Cytospin used from 2005 to 2008 and the Wescor Cytopro used from 2010 to 2014. Results Over 4500 post-induction CSF samples were analyzed, of which 59 were CNS 2. In covariate-adjusted analyses, post-induction CNS 2 did not significantly increase relapse risk. The proportion of CNS 2 results increased 4.3-fold in noninfants and 6.3-fold in infants using the Wescor Cytopro. Cytocentrifuge machine did not affect CNS 3 prevalence. Conclusions These findings support our current practice of not changing management based on a post-induction CNS 2 CSF and highlight how equipment changes can significantly influence testing results. More data are needed to analyze relapse by subpopulations, such as those with repeated CNS 2 findings.
Abstract TP349: Clinical Outcomes of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Had an Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: It has recently been demonstrated in a meta-analysis that patients with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and atrial fibrillation have a reduced risk of ischemic stroke (IS)...
Comparative perspectives: regulating insurer use of genetic information

Fear of genetic discrimination has led individuals worldwide to avoid medically recommended genetic testing and participation in genomics research, causing potential health effects as research and clinical care are stymied. In response, many countries have adopted policies that regulate how insurers, such as life, disability, or critical illness insurers, can underwrite using genetic test results. This article presents a comparison of policies in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, through analysis of interviews with 59 key stakeholders representing insurance, government, advocacy, academia, and genetics. While the ultimate policy of each country is different, the policy motivations and issues raised share commonalities across the countries, particularly around themes of fairness, usefulness of genetic information, and the determination of actuarial fairness.
Sexual Function, Quality of Life, and Mood After Radiation Therapy in Patients with Anal Cancer

Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) results in high cure rates of anal cancer, with advanced radiation (RT) techniques improving toxicity. However, there is limited data regarding these patients’ sexual function (SF), quality of life (QOL), and mood. We hypothesized that anal cancer treatment would result in detrimental effects on SF, QOL, and mood. We prospectively surveyed patients with anal cancer treated with definitive CRT. We assessed SF for women with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and for men with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). For all patients, we assessed QOL using EORTC QLQ-C30 and CR29 and mood using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We reported descriptive statistics for SF, QOL, and mood and used univariate analysis to evaluate predictors of SF for women. Of 50 eligible patients, 84% completed the surveys. Median time from RT until survey was 36 months (1–97 months). Women (n = 34) reported poor SF overall (mean FSFI score = 15, scale 2–36, standard deviation (SD) 10.4). Most women reported poor SF related to satisfaction, desire, orgasm, arousal, pain, and lubrication. Men (n = 8) also had poor overall satisfaction (mean IIEF score = 6.1, scale 2–10, SD 3.6). Men reported poor erectile function and lower satisfaction with intercourse. Mean QLQ-C30 QOL score was 86.5 (SD 16.3). Results from EORTC QLQ-CR-20 demonstrated patients experienced poor sexual interest. Per HADS, 2.5% reported depression and 18% anxiety. Patients with anal cancer experience sexual dysfunction after RT, with QOL and mood symptoms similar to patients with other cancers. Our data support the need for ongoing efforts to understand and address issues with SF, QOL, and mood following RT for these patients.
Functional deficits and other psychiatric associations with abnormal scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in older HIV-infected patients.

Author(s): Bourgeois, James A; John, Malcolm; Zepf, Roland; Greene, Meredith; Frankel, Steven; Hessol, Nancy A | Abstract: ObjectiveThe authors assessed the association of physical function, social variables, functional status, and psychiatric co-morbidity with cognitive function among older HIV-infected adults.DesignFrom 2012-2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected patients ages 50 or older who underwent comprehensive clinical geriatric assessment.SettingTwo San Francisco HIV clinics.Participants359 HIV-infected patients age 50 years or older.MeasurementsUnadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression measured prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for demographic, functional and psychiatric variables and their association with cognitive impairment using a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score l 26 as reflective of cognitive impairment.ResultsThirty-four percent of participants had a MoCA score of l 26. In unadjusted analyses, the following variables were significantly associated with an abnormal MoCA score: born female, not identifying as homosexual, non-white race, high school or less educational attainment, annual income l $10,000, tobacco use, slower gait speed, reported problems with balance, and poor social support. In subsequent adjusted analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with an abnormal MoCA score: not identifying as homosexual, non-white race, longer 4-meter walk time, and poor social support. Psychiatric symptoms of depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders did not correlate with abnormal MoCA scores.ConclusionsCognitive impairment remains common in older HIV-infected patients. Counter to expectations, co-morbid psychiatric symptoms were not associated with cognitive impairment, suggesting that cognitive impairment in this sample may be due to neurocognitive disorders, not due to other psychiatric illness. The other conditions associated with cognitive impairment in this sample may warrant separate clinical and social interventions to optimize patient outcomes.
Oxytocin-Induced Changes in Intrinsic Network Connectivity in Cocaine Use Disorder: Modulation by Gender, Childhood Trauma, and Years of Use

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health concern with devastating social, economic, and mental health implications. A better understanding of the underlying neurobiology and phenotypic variations in individuals with CUD is necessary for the development of effective and targeted treatments. In this study, 39 women and 54 men with CUD completed a 6-min resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan after intranasal oxytocin (OXY) or placebo administration. Graph-theory network analysis was used to quantify functional connectivity changes caused by OXY in striatum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and amygdala nodes of interest. OXY increased connectivity in the right ACC and left amygdala in males, whereas OXY increased connectivity in the right ACC and right accumbens in females. Machine learning was then used to associate treatment response (placebo minus OXY) in nodes of interest with years of cocaine use and severity of childhood trauma separately for males and females. Childhood trauma and years of cocaine use were associated with OXY-induced changes in ACC connectivity for both men and women, but connectivity changes in the amygdala were associated with years of cocaine use in men and connectivity changes in the right insula were associated with years of cocaine use in women. These findings suggest that salience network nodes (ACC and insula) are potential OXY treatment targets in CUD, with the amygdala as a treatment target for men and the accumbens as a treatment target for women.
Change by default: Exploring the effects of a sudden influx of newcomers on the discourse of r/TwoXChromosomes

Sudden influxes of new contributors to online communities can cause apprehension and resentment among existing members, potentially leading to the displacement of existing members by newcomers. We analyze the impact of a sudden influx of new contributors to r/TwoXChromosomes, an online community in which the experiences and perspectives of female-identified individuals are discussed. Though we find evidence of a small displacement effect, other factors, such as the passage of time and the 2016 U.S. presidential election, have far larger impacts on the retention of existing contributors. We also find that after the influx, discussion topics shifted temporarily toward general statements about women and men, followed by a lasting shift away from appearance-related topics toward topics relating to motherhood. In sum, the evidence suggests that in this particular case, fears of displacement by a sudden influx of newcomers are exaggerated, and that technology designers, users, and online community managers should consider the impact of a wider variety of factors when considering how to maintain cohesive online communities.
Estimating population persistence for at-risk species using citizen science data

Abstract Population persistence probability is valuable for characterizing risk to species and informing listing and conservation decisions but is challenging to estimate through traditional methods for rare, data-limited species. Modeling approaches have used citizen science data to mitigate data limitations of focal species and better estimate parameters such as occupancy and detection, but their use to estimate persistence and inform conservation decisions is limited. We developed an approach to estimate persistence using only occurrence records of the target species and citizen science occurrence data of non-target species to account for search effort and imperfect detection. We applied the approach to a highly cryptic and data-limited species, the southern hognose snake (Heterodon simus), as part of its USFWS Species Status Assessment, and estimated current (in 2018) and future persistence under plausible scenarios of varying levels of urbanization, sea level rise, and management. Of 222 known populations, 133 (60%) are likely extirpated currently (persistence probability
Investigating the Security Threats on Networked Medical Devices

This paper explores the cyber security threat of Implanted Medical Devices. The widely use of Internet of Thing capable devices in healthcare like pacemakers, infusion pumps, and insulin pumps support patients, at the same time they are considered a point of security threats. All of these devices are susceptible to hacking and exploitation, which has been demonstrated at various cyber security conventions for nearly the past decade. Although some progress in security measures seems to have been made, recent discoveries and interviews with researchers show a battle is still being fought with some manufacturers. Through pressure applied by some of these researchers, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken notice and issued safety warnings for some of these devices. We will begin by defining what these devices are and explore why people need them. Next, we will briefly give a history of the Internet of Things, explore prior security issues, and then introduce the security researchers and groups involved with finding the exploits of healthcare devices.
The Automated Administrative State: A Crisis of Legitimacy

The legitimacy of the administrative state is premised on our faith in agency expertise. Despite their extra-constitutional structure, administrative agencies have been on firm footing for a long time in reverence to their critical role in governing a complex, evolving society. They are delegated enormous power because they respond expertly and nimbly to evolving conditions. In recent decades, state and federal agencies have embraced a novel mode of operation: automation. Agencies rely more and more on software and algorithms in carrying out their delegated responsibilities. The automated administrative state, however, is demonstrably riddled with concerns. Legal challenges regarding the denial of benefits and rights — from travel to disability — have revealed a pernicious pattern of bizarre and unintelligible outcomes. Scholarship to date has explored the pitfalls of automation with a particular frame, asking how we might ensure that automation honors existing legal commitments such as due process. Missing from the conversation are broader, structural critiques of the legitimacy of agencies that automate. Automation throws away the expertise and nimbleness that justify the administrative state, undermining the very case for the existence and authority of agencies. Yet the answer is not to deny agencies access to technology. This article points toward a positive vision of the administrative state that adopts tools only when they enhance, rather than undermine, the underpinnings of agency legitimacy.
The ICCPR, Non-Self-Execution, and DACA Recipients' Right to Remain in the United States

The United States is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 12.4 states, “No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.” Citizens clearly enjoy the rights of Article 12.4, but this Article demonstrates that this right reaches beyond the citizenry. Using customary methods of treaty interpretation, including reference to the ICCPR’s preparatory works and the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, I demonstrate that Article 12.4 also forbids states from deporting long-term resident non-citizens – both documented and undocumented – except under the rarest circumstances. As a result, Article 12.4 prohibits the United States from deporting many Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients and so-called Dreamers and also many other long-term immigrants for whom the United States is their “own country.” I refer to these aliens who have an Article 12.4 right to remain in the country as “non-citizen Americans.” The ICCPR, however, is understood to be “non-self-executing” in the United States and thus deemed by many to have no domestic legal force. But this conclusion is imprecise. The ICCPR is not wholly impotent. The United States has an international legal obligation to adhere to the human rights articulated in the ICCPR. Its non-self-executing status does not change that. As a ratified, in-force treaty, the ICCPR is also among the supreme laws of the land pursuant to the Supremacy Clause. Its non-self-executing status does not change that. Using recent scholarship on treaty self-execution and close examination of the intent of the U.S. treaty makers, I argue that the ICCPR is non-self-executing only to the extent it restricts the judicial branch from directly enforcing it. The ICCPR is, therefore, law for the executive branch, law the President must take care to faithfully execute pursuant to the Take Care Clause. Therefore, the Attorney General and the Department of Homeland Security are prohibited from deporting many DACA recipients, Dreamers, and other non-citizen Americans. Furthermore, I suggest that, despite the ICCPR‘s non-self-executing status, the judicial branch might be able to employ the Charming Betsy canon to interpret provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act to comport with the United States’ international law obligations to protect non-citizen Americans from deportation. I also suggest that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment may demand that courts directly apply Article 12.4 to protect non-citizen Americans from deportation.
Financial architecture, systemic risk, and universal banking

Consolidation has been a fact of life in the wholesale financial services sector, resulting in fundamental change in the financial architecture and public exposure to systemic risk. The underlying drivers include advances in transactions and information technologies, regulatory changes, geographic shifts in growth opportunities, and the rapid evolution of client requirements, which in combination have obliged financial firms to rethink their roles as intermediaries. Moreover, financial sector reconfiguration has accelerated as a result of the global market turbulence that began in 2007, with governments either forcing or encouraging combinations of stronger and weaker financial firms in an effort to stem the crisis and improve systemic robustness. In the process, financial firms that are “systemic” in nature and had a major role in creating the crisis have come out of it with even larger market shares and greater systemic importance. Given the episodic socialization of risk in the form of widespread use of public guarantees to firms judged too big or too interconnected to be allowed to fail, the role of systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs) is central to the financial architecture and the public interest going forward. This survey paper considers the sources of systemic gains, losses and risks associated with SIFIs in historical context, in the theoretical and empirical literature, and in public policy discussions—i.e., what is gained and what is lost as a result of the available policy options to deal the dominant role of SIFIs in the financial architecture?
Don’t Forget the Flu – Determining the Etiology of Infective Myositis in a Child: A Case Report

Author(s): Crowley, Lauren M.; Mazzaccaro, Richard J.; Dunn, Amy Lewis; Bauch, Sarah E.; Greenberg, Marna Rayl | Abstract: Introduction: Infective myositis is an acute, self-limited condition, rarely occurring in children with recent viral infections. The condition is often overlooked by emergency physicians when endeavoring to exclude other diagnoses included in the differential. Diagnosis of the condition can be difficult when based purely on clinical presentation because it shares symptoms with much more concerning neurological illnesses. A few simple laboratory tests are indicated to reach the correct diagnosis. Case Report: The following case report describes a three-year-old female diagnosed with a recent upper respiratory tract infection presenting to the emergency department with complaints of fatigue and inability to walk. She was diagnosed with an influenza-like illness three days prior by her pediatrician, the symptoms of which had mostly resolved by the time of presentation. Conclusion: Muscle weakness and abnormal, uncoordinated gait with an acute upper respiratory tract infection in a child may be cause for concern, prompting unnecessary work-up. Emergency physicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of influenza-associated infective myositis in children, especially during influenza season.
Abstract P852: “They Were Wonderful...They Helped a Great Deal”: Patient and Caregiver Reports of Home Health Care as a Transition of Care Practice After Ischemic Stroke

Background: Transitions of care (TOC) following ischemic stroke (IS) are complex for patients and caregivers; the post-hospital discharge period is stressful, fragmented, and often carries with it ...
Some Reactive Lesions of Bone Are Probably Neoplasms: A Review.

Context.— A number of fibro-osseous and osteocartilaginous lesions, especially common in the small bones of hand and feet, pose a diagnostic challenge and have historically been thought to be reactive lesions. However, modern molecular techniques when supplementing clinical, radiographic, and histologic evaluation suggest they may, in fact, be neoplasms. Objective.— To review the clinical presentation and histopathologic, molecular, and radiologic features of selective bone lesions, focusing most specifically on subungual exostosis, florid reactive periostitis, and bizarre periosteal osteochondromatous proliferation. Data sources.— Literature review and personal experience are the source of this review. Conclusions.— Some lesions previously thought to be reactive are locally aggressive and demonstrate reproducible molecular abnormalities, and thus may be neoplasms. Although most common in the bones of the fingers and toes, these lesions also occur in long and other bones. The clinical presentations, radiologic appearances, and histopathologic features often overlap, making the diagnosis challenging, and these lesions may require molecular evaluation to maximize accurate prognostication.
Modular thrust subsystem approaches to solar electric propulsion module design

Three approaches are presented for packaging the elements of a 30 cm ion thruster subsystem into a modular thrust subsystem. The individual modules, when integrated into a conceptual solar electric propulsion module are applicable to a multimission set of interplanetary flights with the space shuttle interim upper stage as the launch vehicle. The emphasis is on the structural and thermal integration of the components into the modular thrust subsystems. Thermal control for the power processing units is either by direct radiation through louvers in combination with heat pipes or an all heat pipe system. The propellant storage and feed system and thruster gimbal system concepts are presented. The three approaches are compared on the basis of mass, cost, testing, interfaces, simplicity, reliability, and maintainability.
Manufacturing Operations, Internet of Things, and Big Data: Towards Predictive Manufacturing Systems

The recent leap advances in sensor and communication technologies made possible the Internet connectivity of the physical world: the Internet of Things, where not only documents and images are created, shared, or modified in the cyberspace, but also the physical resources interact over Internet and make decisions based on shared communication. The Big Data revolution has set the stage for the use of large data sets to predict the behaviour of consumers, organizations, and markets, taking into account the real-time outcomes of complex or unexpected events. Manufacturing can benefit from both these advances and move the manufacturing community closer towards the predictive manufacturing systems paradigm. Prediction in manufacturing operations could vary from simple resource failure prediction to more complex predictions of consumer behaviour and adaptation of manufacturing operations to address the expected changes in the business environment.
A Finite-Element Alternating Method for a Cost-Effective Determination of Weight-Function and S. I. F.’s for Multiple Cracks in Mixed-Mode Fracture

It is well known that a combination of the Schwarz alternating method and the finite element method is a efficient numerical method to calculate stress intensity factors of engineering structural components. Nishioka and Atluri (1983) had presented a general alternating procedure to handle three-dimensional structures with elliptical surface cracks subjected to arbitrary loading.
Using 3D Multi-Body Simulation to Evaluate Future Truck Technologies

Abstract : This document presents the results of computer-based, vehicle dynamics performance assessments of Future Truck concepts with such features as a vanable height, hydraulic, trailing arm suspension, skid steering, and in-hub electric drive motors. Fully three-dimensional Future Truck models were created using a commercially available modeling and simulation methodology and limited validation studies were performed by comparing model predictions with baseline, validated model predictions from another vehicle in the same size and class as the Future Truck concept vehicles. The models were considered accurate enough to predict various aspects of ride quality and stability performance, critical to US Army Objective Force mission needs. One-to-one comparisons of the Future Truck concepts and a standard, solid-axle, Heavy Tactical Vehicle (HTV) operating in various terrain and obstacle negotiation conditions were performed.
Cofinal elementary extensions

We investigate some properties of ordered structures that are related to their having cofinal elementary extensions. Special attention is paid to models of some very weak fragments of Peano Arithmetic.
Finding Related Entities by Retrieving Relations: UIUC at TREC 2009 Entity Track

Abstract : Our goal in participating in the TREC 2009 Entity Track was to study whether relation extraction techniques can help in improving accuracy of the entity finding task. Finding related entities is informational in nature and we wanted to explore if inducing structure on the queries helps satisfy this information need. The research outlook we took was to study techniques that retrieve relations between two entities from a large corpus, and from those, find the most relevant entities that participate in the given relation with another given entity. Instead of aiming at retrieving pages about specific entities, we tried to address the problem of directly finding the entities from the text. Our experimental results show that we were able to find many related entities using relation-based extraction, and ranking entities based on further evidence from the text helps to a certain extent.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: natural history in a geographically defined population.

Advances in surgical treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with the Norwood procedure and cardiac transplantation have made essential the understanding of the natural history of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In a geographically defined population, we ascertained the prevalence of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in children born in Oregon from 1971 through 1986. Clinical and anatomic data were extracted from the charts of the 98 affected children and the survival rate was calculated. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome occurred in 0.162 per 1000 live births in Oregon during this period. No syndrome complex was prevalent and 84% were free of other congenital malformations. However, there was an increased occurrence of congenital heart defects in first-degree relatives of probands with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Of the affected children 15 +/- 4% died on the first day of life, 70 +/- 5% died within the first week, and 91 +/- 3% died within 30 days. No secular change in survival occurred during the study. Palliation with the Norwood procedure was performed in 20 children. Although survival was significantly improved with this surgery (P = .01), the effect was observed principally through 30 days of life and only one of these children remains alive. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a lethal congenital heart defect in children and poses management and ethical dilemmas.
UNA REPRESENTACIÓN METAFÓRICA DE LA ACCIÓN POLÍTICA EN ESTUDIANTES DE UNIVERSIDADES CHILENAS

This article examines the metaphors used by young people to refer to stu-dents’ political actions. Using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, we ...
Accounting quality, debt covenant design, and the cost of debt

We examine whether debt covenant design (threshold tightness, covenants frequency, covenant interdependence, and overall covenant strictness) reduces the adverse effect of poor accounting quality on the cost of debt in the private lending market. We predict and find that when borrowing firms exhibit low accounting quality, lenders tend to increase debt contract strictness through debt covenant design (e.g., increasing the number of covenants, decreasing covenant interdependence or including covenants with greater threshold tightness). Moreover, our results indicate that the cost of debt for borrowers with low accounting quality is significantly influenced by the covenant strictness. Further evidence shows that, although debt covenant designs help mitigate adverse information risk, financial reporting quality is more important than strict debt covenants in lowering the cost of debt, a matter of concern for firm managers and lenders.
Content-Based Instruction, Cooperative Learning, and CALP Instruction: Addressing the Whole Education of 7-12 ESL

Much more than content-based instruction (CBI) is necessary to meet the needs of 7-12 ESL students. Cooperative learning and cognitive academic language instruction (CALP) instruction should be incorporated into CBI in order for middle and high school students to become selfdirected learners capable of advancing to higher education. All teachers who work with language-minority students, not just ESL teachers, must play a part in helping their students to gain the linguistic ability, content knowledge and academic skills necessary to succeed in their classes and beyond high school.
Cutting Edge: A Role for B Lymphocyte Stimulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Increased levels of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) are associated with systemic autoimmunity in animal models of spontaneous autoimmune disease, and transgenic animals expressing BLyS develop typical autoimmune disease. Here, we demonstrate significant elevations of BLyS in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The BLyS isolated from the sera of SLE patients had the same m.w. as the natural soluble form and was able to stimulate B cell activation in vitro. Increased BLyS in SLE patients was partially associated with higher levels of anti-dsDNA Ab of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes, but not associated with the disease activity. Our results suggest that BLyS may be a useful marker for early activation of an autoimmune diathesis and likely plays a critical role in triggering activation of self-Ag-driven autoimmune B cells in human SLE. BLyS may provide an effective therapeutic target in systemic autoimmunity.
Mediation and Moderated Mediation in the Relationship Among Role Models, Self‐Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Career Intention, and Gender

This paper addresses the effects of role models and self-efficacy on forming career intentions, and whether the effects vary by gender and process. Focusing on entrepreneurship as a career choice, we explored (a) the effect of exposure to entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial career intention; (b) the difference in effects between men and women; and (c) the mediating functionality of self-efficacy. Results indicate that role models have a significant and positive impact on intention, that gender moderated the effects, and that self-efficacy mediated it. A moderated mediation relationship was observed such that, for women, role models had stronger influence on self-efficacy, which, in turn, influenced entrepreneurial career intention. Results are discussed in terms of implications for theory and practice.