cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predator-prey relationships: indiscriminate predation

The Gurtin and Levine model5 is studied in this paper under the assumption that the fecundity of prey depends on age as well as on the total population sizes of prey and predators. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of this density dependence on the stability criteria for the equilibria of the model equations. It is shown that there are cases when, due to density dependence, the model which is originally neutrally stable becomes stable.
The detection of a silent coxsackie B-5 virus perinatal infection

Summary Perinatal infection was detected in a normal newborn infant whose mother developed pleurodynia 6 days before delivery. Coxsackie B-5 virus was recovered from the mother but not from the infant, whose infection was demonstrated only by measuring specific neutralizing antibody content in immunoglobulin fractions in sequential serum specimens. A rise in IgM (19S) globulins containing specific antibody occurred between 4 and 14 days of age, but by the time the infant was 8 months old, no antibody to Coxsackie B-5 could be demonstrated, indicating that the infection was probably a modified one which did not result in durable immunity.
Determination of ampicillin in New Zealand white rabbit plasma using column switching technique and HPLC

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and fast analytical method for quantitation of ampicillin in rabbit plasma, suitable for analysis of large numbers of samples collected from experimental animals. The concentration of ampicillin in rabbit plasma was determined utilizing ion-pair reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and a column switching technique. Plasma samples were treated with a perchloric acid solution to precipitate proteins and centrifuged to pellet the precipitated proteins. Cephalexin was used as an internal standard. The C18 precolumn was placed in the injector loop of the Rheodyne injector. Samples were injected with the injector in the load position and the precolumn was washed free from interfering compounds. When the injector was switched to the inject position, the mobile phase was passed through the precolumn taking relatively pure compounds onto the analytical column. The limit of quantitation was established to be 400 ng mL−1 of plasma. The standard curves were linear over the range of ampicillin concentrations assayed, 400 to 10,000 ng mL−1 of rabbit plasma, and had a mean regression coefficient of 0.9962 (±0.0043). Intra-day variability was determined using six replicates of controls (low and high) analyzed on a single assay. The percent of relative accuracy for low and high controls were 5.67 and 1.12, respectively. Inter-day variability was determined over a four day period analyzing replicates of each control. The percent of relative accuracy for low and high controls were 4.33 and 1.63, respectively.
Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT): Dichotomizing Responses into “Positives” and “Negatives”

In primed lymphocyte typing (PLT), it will often be useful to divide the test cells for any given reagent into a positive and a negative group. Some general problems in PLT analysis are discussed here. The author describes a model for PLT data, to provide a conceptual framework, and suggests a statistical procedure based on the model.
Women Who Stutter: Personality and Speech Characteristics

This investigation was undertaken to determine whether adult female stutterers, when compared to adult male stutterers, would (1) present a different pattern of speech fluency or (2) evidence reduced self-esteem or both. Spontaneous speech samples were obtained from 10 adult female stutterers, 10 adult male stutterers, and 10 adult female nonstutterers. All were administered the California Test of Personality and semantic differential forms designed to assess self-concept. The female stutterers produced significantly fewer instances of revision-incomplete phrase than either of the other two groups and were more heterogeneous with respect to total frequency of disfluency. The female stutterers evidenced a significantly higher level of self-esteem than the male stutterers. Moreover, unlike the male stutterers, the female stutterers did not consider themselves handicapped. This investigation indicates that there may be significant differences in the stuttering symptomatology of adults that are related to gender.
Synthesis and evaluation of tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate as a reactive diluent for air-drying alkyd paints

Environmental regulations are forcing the reformulation of many decorative and protective coatings systems. In particular, air-drying solventborne alkyd paints need to meet increasingly stringent emission limits and often must be reformulated with suitable exempt solvents or reactive diluents to achieve volatile organic compound (VOC) reduction. In the research summarized in this article, a new reactive diluent, tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate, was synthesized and evaluated in alkyd formulations for VOC reduction and property enhancement. A soy-based long-oil alkyd resin; a soy-based high-solids, long-oil alkyd resin; and a linseed-based, high-solids long-oil alkyd resin were evaluated in combination with the new reactive diluent at weight percentages ranging from 10% to 50%. Characterization included measuring viscosity, film dry times, and film performance of the reactive diluent formulations in comparison to neat alkyd resins used as control. The tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate formulations consistently exhibited reduced viscosities and dry times as a function of concentration. The resulting films were harder and more thoroughly cured than the control systems.
Pilot study on effects of nanoparticle exposure on Crassostrea virginica hemocyte phagocytosis

Abstract Little is known about engineered nanoparticles (NPs) exposures on oysters. As sessile filter feeders, oysters are likely to be exposed to NPs suspended in the water column with unknown effects of NP exposure on oyster functioning. Our study indicates that waterborne NPs alter oyster hemocyte phagocytosis dynamics, an indication of sub-lethal effects of NP exposures. Silver NPs, titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, and silver nitrate exposures reduced phagocytosis compared to the control. Increasing TiO2 NPs and silver nitrate concentrations reduced phagocytosis. Silver NPs, up to 120 ppb, increased phagocytosis, but higher concentrations reduced phagocytosis.
Acoustic-Assisted, Magnetic-Field-Induced Actuation of Ni-Mn-Ga Single Crystals

Ni–Mn–Ga based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) have emerged as a promising class of active materials capable of producing a large (up to 10%) magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS). This large strain is not the familiar anisotropic magnetostriction; it results from field-induced twin-boundary motion and has appropriately been referred to as magnetoplasticity. FSMAs still have several characteristic shortcomings that may limit their potential applications. A threshold field of 150 to 300 kA/m must be overcome to initiate twin-boundary motion and a larger field is required to achieve full strain. The operating window of the stress output from FSMA actuators is limited to the range between 1 and 1.5 MPa. Outside this operating range, the strain output diminishes significantly. This paper addresses these performance limitations and describes an acoustic-assist technique that has been shown to decrease the required threshold field and increase the stress and strain output of FSMA actuation. The application of an acoustic assistance from a 33-mode piezoelectric stack is shown to improve MFIS of Ni–Mn–Ga single crystals by reducing the required threshold field and twinning-yield stress. Threshold field reductions of up to 80 kA/m are observed, and the twinning-yield stress can be reduced by up to 0.5 MPa. The effect of acoustic assistance on FSMA actuation can be understood as a form of time varying stress waves that facilitate twin-boundary motion. A stress wave analysis is shown to give a quantitative understanding of the measured reduction in the twinning-yield stress. For FSMA cyclic actuation, both operating stress and strain outputs of the FSMA actuation are significantly enhanced by acoustic assistance. Without the acoustic assistance, the maximum reversible strain of the sample used here is 3% and appears only in the limited external stress range between 0.7 and 1 MPa. With the acoustic assistance, the maximum reversible strain increases to 4.5% and appears in a broader range of stress output between 0.4 and 1.2 MPa. The reduction in the twinning-yield stress due to the acoustic assistance significantly improves the FSMA cyclic actuation performance; magnetic energy not used to drive twin-boundary motion can be utilized to work against a larger external load.
Cardiovascular risk indicators and perceived race/ethnic discrimination in the Dallas Heart Study.

Background The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between race/ethnic (r/e) discrimination and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although r/e discrimination is a chronic stressor that might have negative health effects, cardiovascular data related to experiences with discrimination among different r/e groups in the United States remain sparse. Methods Using data from the Dallas Heart Study, we assessed the association between perceived r/e discrimination and traditional CVD risk factors, C-reactive protein (CRP), aortic plaque area and wall thickness, and coronary calcium (CAC) score among black, white, and Hispanic participants. Prevalent CAC was defined as a CAC score ≥10 Agatston units; CRP elevation was defined as ≥3 mg/L. Participants were asked, “Have you ever been discriminated against due to your race/ethnicity? (responses: yes, no, or don't know)”. Results Blacks reported r/e discrimination more frequently than whites or Hispanics ( P P P Conclusions Although perceived r/e discrimination is associated with certain health characteristics that may result in negative health outcomes, in general, we found no association of r/e discrimination with either subclinical atherosclerosis as determined by CAC score, aortic wall thickness and aortic plaque area, or inflammation as assessed by elevated CRP levels.
The relationship between temporal integration and persistence

We measured the persistence for gratings of three different spatial frequencies after they had been equated for visibility by manipulating: (1) the contrast of the stimulus, (2) the duration of the stimulus, or (3) both contrast and duration. When we presented gratings of equal apparent contrast and equal duration, persistence increased with increasing spatial frequency. This effect occurred when apparent contrast was equated in terms of extended-duration or brief duration contrast sensitivity. However, when we examined persistence using gratings equated for temporal integration (i.e. equal apparent contrast but unequal durations), no differences in persistence as a function of spatial frequency were observed. Thus, the increase in persistence which is typically found with higher spatial frequencies can be accounted for by knowledge of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the visual system. Our findings are discussed in terms of the notion of different filter time-constants for different spatial channels.
The two faces of congressional roll-call voting

Most analyses of congressional voting, whether theoretical or empirical, treat all roll-call votes in the same way. We argue that such approaches mask considerable variation in voting behaviour across different types of votes. In examining all roll-call votes in the U.S. House of Representatives from the 93rd to the 110th Congresses (1973–2008), we find that the forces affecting legislators’ voting on procedural and final passage matters have exhibited important changes over time, with differences between these two vote types becoming larger, particularly in recent congresses. These trends have important implications not only on how we study congressional voting behaviour, but also in how we evaluate representation and polarization in the modern Congress.
961 MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSFER OF NON-HUMORAL IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA IN THE MOUSE

Evidence was sought for the transfer of influenza specific non-humoral immunity from mother to infant mouse. We studied infant mice born to 3 groups of mothers: (1) influenza immune mothers in whom influenza-specific serum antibody was suppressed by passive antibody received prior to non-lethal influenza infection (I-Ab), (2) influenza immune mothers with antibody (I+Ab) and (3) non-immune controls. I-Ab and control mothers as well as their infants showed no evidence of influenza specific serum antibody 7 days after infection. In contrast, high levels of serum antibody were found in all I+Ab mothers and infants 7 days after infection (P<0.001). After a lethal influenza challenge, no infant mortality was found in either immune group (I-Ab, I+Ab), whereas 11 of 16 infants in the control group died. Three days after lethal challenge, I-Ab infants showed a lower but not statistically different mean lung virus titer when compared to controls (P=0.11). At 7 days, lung virus titers of control infants continued to rise, while titers of I-Ab and I+Ab infants declined. Nasal virus titers of I-Ab and control infants did not differ, whereas, nasal virus titers of I+Ab infants showed a decline from day 3 through 7 after infection. We conclude that influenza specific non-serum-antibody mediated immunity is 1) transferred from mother to infant, 2) protects against death, 3) plays a role in reducing lung virus shedding and 4) has no effect on nasal virus shedding.
Stretched poly(methyl methacrylate) gel aligns small organic molecules in chloroform. stereochemical analysis and diastereotopic proton NMR assignment in ludartin using residual dipolar couplings and 3J coupling constant analysis

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gels prepared by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) and various amounts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of the radical initiator V-70 (2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile)) can orient small organic molecules when swollen in NMR tubes with CDCl(3). The aligning properties of the stretched PMMA gels were evaluated by monitoring the quadrupolar splitting of the (2)H NMR signal of CDCl(3), and the aligning degree is proportional to the cross-linking density. Natural abundance one-bond (1)H-(13)C residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) for menthol measured in the gels depended on the cross-link density. The stereochemistry and assignment of the diastereotopic protons of the gastroprotective and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor sesquiterpene lactone ludartin, isolated from Stevia yaconensis var. subeglandulosa, were unambiguously determined using a combination of natural abundance one-bond (1)H-(13)C RDCs measured in a PMMA gel and a (3)J coupling constant analysis.
Drought, Tree Rings and Water Resource Management in Colorado

Bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and the application of this knowledge to resource management is a challenging task. Recently, a major drought in the western United States provided a "window of opportunity" to address the application of paleohydrologic data to water resource management. This drought played an important role in reminding water providers and resource managers that droughts are a natural part of the climate and that understanding the range of natural drought variability is critical for long-term planning. In Colorado, the water year 2002 was of particular concern to water providers as flows were the lowest on record at many gauges. The frequency of occurrence of this extreme event could not be assessed with the length-limited gauge records. This motivated water managers to examine the longer records of hydroclimatic variability provided by proxy data from tree rings. The interest in the information derived from tree-ring records provided an impetus for collaborations with a numb...
δ13C composition of primary producers and role of detritus in a freshwater coastal ecosystem

Stable-isotope ratio signatures of primary producers in a coastal wetland and in adjacent offshore waters of western Lake Superior indicated that phytoplankton are the primary source of carbon for the grazing food web of this ecosystem. This study outlines the possible roles of other autotrophs in this regard. Isotopic signatures of macrophytes reflected their life-form-associated constraints on diffusion of inorganic carbon. Data indicated that differences between wetland and lake phytoplankton may be explained by the isotopic signatures of their dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sources. Results of an in situ experiment showed that respiration associated with macrophyte decomposition is capable of enriching surrounding water with significant amounts of 13C-depleted DIC and lowering the net δ13C ratio of DIC in water in lowturbulence situations. The δ13C ratio for wetland phytoplankton may be depleted relative to pelagic algae because the fixed carbon is derived from decomposing detritus.
A solution to histogram-equalization and other related problems by shortest path methods

Given a list C =〈c1, c2, ... cN〉, ck = f(xk) ≥ 0 and x1 < x2 < ... xN, the histogram-equalization problem consists of decomposing the list C into M </ N pieces or intervals, where each interval is a group of one or more consecutive ck's, such that the sum of ck's for the various intervals are as uniform as possible. We give an O(MN2) algorithm for computing an optimal decomposition by converting it to a shortest path problem in a suitable digraph and using a modified form of Floyd's algorithm for computing a shortest path. A number of other decomposition problems, which have applications in curve fitting by step-functions and image compression, can be solved by the same method.
Electron paramagnetic resonance and light absorption studies on c-type cytochromes of the anaerobic sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio.

Abstract 1. 1. EPR and optical studies provide for differentiation of the c-type cytochromes examined into three groups with different heme contents. The three groups consist of: the mono-heme type, cytochrome c-553; cytochromes c3 and c′3 containing at least two hemes per molecule; and cytochromes cc3 and cc′3 which contain at least four hemes per molecule. This division into three groups agrees with a previous similar grouping based on amino acid composition and/or sequence. 2. 2. EPR studies suggest that heme-heme interaction is manifest in the ferric state of cytochrome c3. At about a half-reduced state, an EPR-detectable intermediate with a decreased degree of interaction between hemes is observed. 3. 3. Based on EPR and light absorption changes, cytochrome c3 is extremely stable in 8 M urea in the ferric state. However, repeated reduction and reoxidation in the presence of 8 M urea results in the apparent conversion of the multi-heme system to a mono-heme system. 4. 4. These and other observations suggest a conformation change involving a possible reorientation of the multi-heme moieties in the partially or fully-reduced tate. Depending on the reactant(s) present this process may be reversible.
Acute alcohol decreases gangliosides in mouse brain.

Abstract We have reported that single doses of alcohol diminish total sialic acid in rat brain. Recent results indicate that this effect seems to be largely accounted for by alcohol-induced reduction in gangliosides [21]. In these experiments, five replicate groups of mice were injected IP with a single dose of 20% alcohol and saline as control. At 1 hour postinjection, alcohol decreased total brain gangliosides ( p
A 1 V, 5 mW, 1.8 GHz, balanced voltage-controlled oscillator with an integrated resonator

A differential oscillator topology with an integrated resonator is presented that allows for low supply voltages and RF/microwave frequencies. On-chip, pad-to-pad bond wire inductors and noise matching techniques are used to minimize phase noise. Operation in the 1.8 GHz range with a phase noise spectral density of -94 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset is achieved with 5 mA drawn from a 1 V supply, and oscillation is supported down to power supply levels of 3.3 mW.
Designing fault-injection experiments for the reliability of embedded systems

This paper considers the long-standing problem of conducting fault-injections experiments to establish the ultra-reliability of embedded systems. There have been extensive efforts in fault injection, and this paper offers a partial summary of the efforts, but these previous efforts have focused on realism and efficiency. Fault injections have been used to examine diagnostics and to test algorithms, but the literature does not contain any framework that says how to conduct fault-injection experiments to establish ultra-reliability. A solution to this problem integrates field-data, arguments-from-design, and fault-injection into a seamless whole. The solution in this paper is to derive a model reduction theorem for a class of semi-Markov models suitable for describing ultra-reliable embedded systems. The derivation shows that a tight upper bound on the probability of system failure can be obtained using only the means of system-recovery times, thus reducing the experimental effort to estimating a reasonable number of easily-observed parameters. The paper includes an example of a system subject to both permanent and transient faults. There is a discussion of integrating fault-injection with field-data and arguments-from-design.
Ultra wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with parasitic ring

A new technique has been presented in an attempt to achieve wideband DRA. Hybrid DRAs are well known as wideband antenna. By adding a parasitic ring to the top of the dielectric resonator ring, we were able to further improve the impedance bandwidth for hybrid DRAs. Using this technique, the bandwidth increases from 96% to 105%, from 92 to 100%, and from 107% to 119%.
Thermal chemistry of 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene and methylene cyclopentane on Pt(111) surfaces: evidence for double-bond isomerization.

The thermal chemistry of 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene (1MCp) and methylene cyclopentane (MeCp) was investigated on clean and hydrogen- and deuterium-predosed Pt(111) single-crystal surfaces by temperature-programmed desorption and reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy. It was found that MeCp isomerizes easily to 1MCp but that the reverse reaction does not occur, at least under our experimental conditions. The MeCp to 1MCp isomerization is aided by the presence of coadsorbed hydrogen, and occurs through the formation of a common 1-methyl-1-cyclopentyl (1MCp−Pt) surface intermediate; that intermediate then undergoes β-hydride elimination selectively at the ring position to form the 1MCp product. In addition to this isomerization, both 1MCp and MeCp also dehydrogenate on the Pt(111) surface to form a methylcyclopentadiene species, at 325 and 350 K, respectively. A small amount of benzene desorption is detected above 500 K with both reactants, indicative of a ring enlargement reaction. No evidence for the ac...
Fishing and consumption patterns of anglers adjacent to the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: higher income anglers ate more fish and are more at risk.

The risks from consuming self‐caught fish are receiving international attention because of high levels of contaminants in some species. The ethnic, income, and educational differences in fishing and fish consumption patterns of 202 anglers fishing along the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) or along Poplar Creek within ORR boundaries were analyzed to understand how to design a risk communication strategy. Because of elevated PCB concentrations in striped bass (Morone saxatilis), catfish (Ictalurus spp.), and sauger (Stizostedion canadense) due partly from contaminants released from the ORR in East Tennessee, the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir is under a fish consumption advisory, while portions of Poplar Creek are under advisories because of mercury. Most studies find that a high proportion of anglers eat their catch, and people with lower incomes and less education generally eat more self‐caught fish than others fishing ...
Transcriptional activation by the pseudorabies virus immediate early protein requires the TATA box element in the adenovirus 2 E1B promoter.

Abstract The adenovirus E1A protein and immediately early (IE) protein of pseudorabies virus stimulate transcription from many promoters. It has been postulated that these proteins function via cellular intermediates. We analyzed the transcription of adenovirus ElB promoter mutants in response to the stimulatory effect of IE protein in comparison with E1A. Far upstream deletions and precise Sp1 and TATA box substitution mutations were examined. Only mutations affecting the TATA box element interfered with transactivation by IE protein. This result is similar to observations for E1A transactivation (L. Wu et al. Nature (London) 326, 512–515, 1987), suggesting that both E1A and IE proteins mediate transactivation of the E1B promoter through a common cellular intermediate which interacts with the TATA box.
The rovibrationally resolved spectrum of ν2 OCHBr

Abstract A band analysis of the rovibrationally resolved spectrum of a hydrogen-bonded complex involving the proton donor HBr is reported. The ν2 (CO stretching vibration) in OCHBr has been observed using a computer-controlled cw supersonic planar jet diode laser spectrometer. The following fitted molecular parameters have been determined (in cm−1) for the ν2 band of 16O12C1H79Br: ν0 = 2152.605023(60), B2 = 0.03820684(15), DJ(2) = 9.201(8) × 10−8, B0 = 0.03837695(1), DJ(0) = 9.016(1) × 10−8; and for the ν2 band of 16O12C1H81Br: ν0 = 2152.606257(59), B2 = 0.03795714(77), DJ(2) = 8.872(32) × 10−8, B0 = 0.03812694(81), DJ(0) = 8.743(34) × 10−8. Investigation of the observed line profiles has allowed a lower limit of 0.55 ns to be placed on the excited state predissociative lifetime.
Variation of chemically active and inert flame-suppression effectiveness with stoichiometric mixture fraction

The need to find alternative fire suppressants has motivated experiments to determine the mode of action of possible candidates. An opposed-jet burner was used to characterize the effectiveness of one possible alternative, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). Similar tests were done with an inert compound, argon, for comparison. Flame strength was characterized by the extinction strain rate. Experiments included both oxidizer-side and fuel-side doping of methane-nitrogen versus oxygen-nitrogen flames of various compositions. The stoichiometric mixture fraction (Zst) is varied systematically while holding the undoped extinction strain-rate constant, by changing the amount of diluent in the reactant flows. This moves the flame location with respect to the stagnation plane, affecting the fraction of a particular reactant stream that reaches the flame. Measured effectiveness, of fuel-side and oxidant-side doping versus Zst reflects this change in quantity of dopant reaching the flame. To account for this dependence on quantity, effectiveness was normalized by the amount of dopant calculated to reach the maximum temperature contour of the flame. Argon's normalized effectiveness was found to be independent of Zst, of adiabatic flame temperature, and of whether the oxidizer stream or the fuel stream is doped. DMMP's normalized effectiveness, however, was observed to be significantly greater when introduced in the oxidizer, rather than fuel, stream. It also exhibits a marked dependence on adiabatic flame temperature, with lower values at higher temperatures.
Using brief therapeutic interventions to create change in self-efficacy and personal control of chemically dependent women.

This experimental study examined effectiveness of two group therapy models on chemically dependent women's perceptions of self-efficacy and personal control. Participants were randomly assigned to two therapeutic approaches (experiential or cognitive) or the control group. Experimental and control groups were pre- and posttested on self-efficacy and personal control. Significant differences were found for social self-efficacy, with the cognitive and experiential groups having higher scores than the control group. Changes from pre- to posttest in social self-efficacy were greatest for the cognitive group. This study indicated that additional brief therapeutic interventions beyond those generally offered in drug rehabilitation programs are modestly useful.
A defense of de re belief reports

: In Talk About Beliefs, Mark Crimmins claims that de re belief reports are not nearly as common as they are generally thought to be. In the following paper, I take issue with this claim. I begin with a critique of Crimmins’arguments on behalf of the claim, and then follow with an argument on behalf of the opposing claim: that de re belief reports are indeed quite common. In defending this claim, I make some observations about the nature of tacit reference, a phenomenon central to Crimmins’account of belief reports.
High energy phosphate depletion in a model of defective muscle glycolysis.

An animal model of defective muscle glycolysis can be produced by intra-aortic injection of iodoacetate which blocks the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The animals show exercise-induced, electrically silent muscle cramps and postexercise rhabdomyolysis. Exercised, cramped soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles from these animals show marked depletion of the high energy compounds adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate and accumulation of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate. This finding supports the hypothesis that exercise-induced muscle contracture and cell damage in disorders of muscle glycolysis/glycogenolysis are the result of depletion of high energy molecules in the muscle cells.
Ultrasonic plate wave evaluation of composite laminates

An ultrasonic method for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of composite laminates using mode-converted plate waves is explained analytically and physically, and the validity of the analytical modeling is demonstrated in direct comparisons which have been made to experiments. The NDE technique developed from these studies is discussed in terms of applications to several specific categories of composite defects. A simple model of reflection from zones of porosity is developed and compared to data. Results of two-transducer LLW scans of composite plates with seeded defects are presented, showing the nature and extend of the LLW spectrum perturbation caused by the various types of flaws. >
Anemia Management and Mortality Risk in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

elsewhere). Another Swedish study suggested that longterm prognosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery was affected little by sleep disturbance prior to surgery and that many symptoms diminished after the revascularization. In our study, high blood pressure was associated with good prognosis among participants who did not display any findings consistent with ischemic heart disease, which suggests that even healthy individuals display the same relationship between blood pressure and risk as those who did indeed develop a myocardial infarction.
Structural and functional characterization of Sec66p, a new subunit of the polypeptide translocation apparatus in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract SEC66 encodes the 31.5-kDa glycoprotein of the Sec63p complex, an integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex required for translocation of presecretory proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA sequence analysis of SEC66 predicts a 23-kDa protein with no obvious NH2-terminal signal sequence but with one domain of sufficient length and hydrophobicity to span a lipid bilayer. Antibodies directed against a recombinant form of Sec66p were used to confirm the membrane location of Sec66p and that Sec66p is a glycoprotein of 31.5 kDa. A null mutation in SEC66 renders yeast cells temperature sensitive for growth. sec66 cells accumulate some secretory precursors at a permissive temperature and a variety of precursors at the restrictive temperature. sec66 cells show defects in Sec63p complex formation. Because sec66 cells affect the translocation of some, but not all secretory precursor polypeptides, the role of Sec66p may be to interact with the signal peptide of presecretory proteins.
Assessing Jail Inmates' Proneness to Shame and Guilt: Feeling Bad About the Behavior or the Self?

This study of 550 jail inmates (379 male and 171 female) held on felony charges examines the reliability and validity of the Test of Self Conscious Affect—Socially Deviant Version as a measure of o...
Procedures for static compaction of test sequences for synchronous sequential circuits

We propose three static compaction techniques for test sequences of synchronous sequential circuits. We apply the proposed techniques to test sequences generated for benchmark circuits by various test generation procedures. The results show that the test sequences generated by all the test generation procedures considered can be significantly compacted. The compacted sequences thus have shorter test application times and smaller memory requirements. As a by-product, the fault coverage is sometimes increased as well. Additionally, the ability to significantly reduce the length of the test sequences indicates that it may be possible to reduce test generation time if superfluous input vectors are not generated.
Mitotic spindle function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a balance between different types of kinesin-related motors.

Abstract Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related motors, Cin8p and Kip1p, perform an essential role in the separation of spindle poles during spindle assembly and a major role in spindle elongation. Cin8p and Kip1p are also required to prevent an inward spindle collapse prior to anaphase. A third kinesin-related motor, Kar3p, may act antagonistically to Cin8p and Kip1p since loss of Kar3p partially suppresses the spindle collapse in cin8 kip1 mutants. We have tested the relationship between Cin8p and Kar3p by overexpressing both motors using the inducible GAL1 promoter. Overexpression of KAR3 results in a shrinkage of spindle size and a temperature-dependent inhibition of the growth of wild-type cells. Excess Kar3p has a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of cin8 kip1 mutants and can completely block anaphase spindle elongation in these cells. In contrast, overexpression of CIN8 leads to premature spindle elongation in all cells tested. This is the first direct demonstration of antagonistic motors acting on the intact spindle and suggests that spindle length is determined by the relative activity of Kar3p-like and Cin8p/Kip1p-like motors.
Constraint reformulation in a hierarchical path planner

Robot path planning consists of approximating the set of free configurations of the robot by a collection of rectangloid cells at successive levels of approximation and, at each level, searching the graph representing the adjacency relation among these cells. A set of algorithms which specifically address the main two computational issues underlying this approach, cell decomposition and graph searching, has been developed. The authors have implemented a planner which incorporates these algorithms and have experimented with it on examples. The experiments show that the planner is significantly faster than previous planners based on the same general approach. The authors focus on the planner's cell-decomposition algorithms. They use a constraint reformulation technique that consists of approximating the obstacles intersecting the cell to be decomposed by a collection of rectangloids and computing their complements in the cell. Two types of approximations are used, bounding and bounded approximations. This technique produces much less cells than previously proposed techniques, resulting in smaller search graphs. Experimental results are presented. >
Experimental and Finite Element Study of an Air Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating under Fixed Cycle Duration at Various Temperatures

Cyclic furnace tests were conducted on Air Plasma Sprayed (APS) Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) samples which were coated with NiCoCrAlY on a nickel-based superalloy at three temperatures. From these tests the following were determined: oxidation kinetics and activation energy, bond coat rumpling rate, and cyclic failure lives. All failures occurred in the top coat consistent with engine experience. The measured rumpling rate and oxidation kinetics were used as input for a finite element model that utilized a highly realistic top coat constitutive model that included creep and relaxation behavior as well as tension/compression flow stress asymmetry consistent with available experimental data. The modeling results based on these measured inputs show that the primary sources of stress and strain in descending order are rumpling, oxide growth and finally thermal expansion mismatch between the top coat and underlying metal. Three important implications of these results are; predicted stresses are too low to predict failure based on single crack fracture mechanics, cycling increases accumulated inelastic strain in a fixed time interval providing an additional reason why cycling is damaging and finally to get realistic stresses and strains it is necessary to accurately characterize the geometry changes associated with rumpling.
RECONSTRUCTING GERMAN IDEALISM AND ROMANTICISM: HISTORICISM AND PRESENTISM

Frederick Beiser, German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 (Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press, 2002)Robert Richards, The Romantic Conception of Life: Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe (Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press, 2002)All art should become science and all science art; poetry and philosophy should be made one.Friedrich Schlegel, Kritische FragmenteWhen two major studies on the same thematic appear roughly simultaneously, integrating not only their authors' respective careers but the revisions of a whole generation of scholarship, the moment cries out for stock-taking, both substantively and methodologically. At a minimum, we need to recognize the key theses of our two protagonists and the frameworks they erect to uphold them. But we need even more to step back from that endeavor to wider considerations. I advance two claims in that light. First, something has been unearthed in these studies which speaks to urgent philosophical concerns of our day, namely the rise of naturalized epistemology and the need for a more encompassing naturalism. Indeed, I suspect this current interest may have incited (if only subliminally) discernment of just those aspects of the earlier age. That signals something essential about the point and practice of intellectual history, namely (my second claim) the mutuality, not opposition, of historicism and presentism.
Attitudes of nursing personnel toward death and dying: II. Linguistic indicators of denial.

This study was conducted to examine the attitudes of nursing personal toward death and dying by means of quantitative linguistic analysis. Previous research findings on the attitudinal concept of avoidance support the suitability of the approach. This study sought to examine the proposition that denial, another attitudinal concept appearing frequently in the literature on death and dying, would be manifested in language by increased use of negative lexical forms. It was hypothesized that the use of negatives would increase significantly in death-related responses as compared with non-death-related responses. The sample consisted of 40 nursing personnel interviewed on their expectations and care of terminally ill patients. Dependent variable measures include the ratio of negative lexical forms to total number of words for all death-related and all non-death-related responses. Similar proportions were obtained for selected response categories. Significantly more negatives were used in death-related responses, thus supporting the hypothesis. The value of these methods is discussed, as are the clinical implications for nursing.
The presentation of tetanus in an emergency department

Traditionally, the literature has described a certain population as at risk for tetanus infection. We reviewed the demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, management, and outcome of all patients who presented to our emergency department (ED) with tetanus in the last 10 years and compared our experience with this classic literature. We performed a retrospective case series review at a large, inner-city medical center; 11 cases of tetanus were identified from 1986 to 1997. Nine male and two female patients were identified with an average age of 45 years. All had an acute injury to the skin, and most (82%) reported having no history of recent immunization. The most common recorded symptoms were trismus and rigidity in the abdomen, neck, back, or extremities. There was only one misdiagnosis in the ED. Three patients died in the hospital, while the other eight were discharged either home or to a rehabilitation facility. In contrast to the classic literature, we found that tetanus in our inner city ED presented in recent immigrants, particularly younger men, over half of whom had received no childhood immunization. Laboratory results and cultures are of little diagnostic value, so timely recognition of the clinical presentation is important.
Hardware-Assisted Detection of Malicious Software in Embedded Systems

One of the critical security threats to computer systems is the execution of malware or malicious software. Several intrusion detection systems have been proposed which perform detection analysis in the software using the audit files generated by the operating system. Software-based solutions to this problem are relatively slow, so these techniques can be used forensically, but not in real-time to stop an exploit before it has an opportunity to do damage. We present a technique to implement intrusion detection for secure embedded systems by detecting behavioral differences between the correct system and the malware. The system is implemented using FPGA logic to enable the detection process to be regularly updated to adapt to new malware and changing system behavior.
Representation sequencing in computer-based engineering education

Multimedia engineering instruction typically includes verbal descriptions and diagrams, which can be presented in a contextualized format, using descriptions and illustrations of real-life elements (e.g., light bulb and battery), or in an abstract format, using conventional electrical engineering symbols. How the sequencing of these representation formats influences learning of conceptual knowledge has been examined in prior research. The present study examines how the representation sequencing impacts procedural learning of engineering problem solving. The study compared four sequences of representation (abstract???abstract, contextualized???contextualized, contextualized???abstract, or abstract???contextualized) during computer-based learning to determine which of the four sequences best promotes student learning. Learning outcomes were measured with a problem-solving posttest and learner perceptions were assessed using a learner questionnaire. The study results indicated that the abstract???contextualized condition resulted in significantly higher near- and far-transfer posttest scores than the contextualized???contextualized condition and in significantly higher near-transfer posttest scores than the contextualized???abstract condition. Computer-based instruction in engineering problem solving for novice learners should initially employ abstract representations that convey the conceptually-relevant solution procedures shared across similar problems. Providing a variety of problem contexts in later stages of learning can assist learners in transfer of key procedural problem solving principles to novel problem settings with different superficial features. An experiment investigated different sequences of representation formats.Abstract to contextualized format promoted near- and far-transfer problem solving.Early abstract representations focus attention on the underlying problem structures.Later contextualized representations assist transfer to novel problems.Problem solving instruction should employ abstract to contextualized sequences.
MEMS capacitive pressure sensor array fabricated using printed circuit processing techniques

Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based capacitive pressure sensors are typically fabricated using silicon micromachining techniques. In this paper, novel liquid crystal polymer (LCP) based capacitive pressure sensors, fabricated using printed circuit processing techniques, are reported. LCP exhibits good dimensional stability, material flexibility, high chemical resistance, and extremely low moisture absorption, which makes it suitable for MEMS applications. The pressure sensor comprises of a cylindrical cavity formed by a sandwich of LCP substrate, LCP spacer layer with circular holes and LCP top layer. The bottom electrode and the top electrode of the capacitive pressure sensor are defined on the top surface of the LCP substrate and the bottom surface of the top LCP layer, respectively. A typical pressure sensor with a diaphragm diameter of 3.2 mm provides a total capacitance change of 0.7627 pF for an applied pressure in the range of 0-170 kPa.
Mycoplasmal respiratory infections in small animals: 17 cases (1988-1999)

Seventeen cases (i.e., 14 dogs and three cats) were identified as having Mycoplasma spp. as the sole bacterial isolate cultured from airway washings in 224 cases evaluated for lower respiratory disease that was present in each case. Primary diagnoses included pneumonia (35.3%), airway collapse (35.3%), and bronchitis (29.4%). Fourteen cases had follow-up information available. Of these cases, eight showed resolution or improvement with antimycoplasmal drugs. Mycoplasma spp. is recognized as a primary cause of respiratory disease in several species, including humans. The relationship between Mycoplasma spp. and respiratory disease detected in some of these cases suggests some Mycoplasma spp. may act as primary pathogens in dogs and cats.
A general purpose architectural layout for arbitrary quantum computations

Exploiting recent advances in quantum trapped-ion technologies, we propose a scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture that overcomes the fundamental challenges of building a full-scale quantum computer and leaves the fabrication a daunting but primarily an engineering concern. Using a hierarchical array-based design and a quantum teleportation communication protocol, we are able to overcome the primary scalability challenges of reliability, communication, and quantum resource distribution. In particular, we present a reconfigurable quantum circuit substrate, or "quantum FPGA'' (qFPGA) which allows efficient implementation of universal quantum gates and error correction. We use this qFPGA as a basic building block for an array structure that scalably provides communication channels and quantum resource distribution. We exploit a hierarchical combination of ballistic transport of data ions and quantum teleportation to reduce the cost of reliable communication from exponential to polynomial in distance. By using a set of simulation tools we are able to evaluate a hypothetical design of a future general purpose quantum computer and describe the execution of a fault-tolerant Toffoli gate construction. Without considering classical control constraints and assuming best-possible ion-trap parameters our computer consists of level 2 encoded qubits with the Steane \ecc code tightly connected by the teleportation interconnect, and capable of executing a fault-tolerant Toffoli gate in roughly 2.3 seconds. This translates to factoring a 128-bit number in slightly over 40 hours in circuits dominated by Toffoli gates.