cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of antihistamines in otitis

Chronic and recurrent otitis media can manifest as otitis media with effusion. Both infection and eustachian tube obstruction (ETO) have been found to play an important role in its pathogenesis. ETO can be demonstrated during both early- and late-phase reactions in patients with allergic rhinitis after intranasal challenge with an allergen. Intranasal challenge with either histamine or prostaglandin D2 also provokes ETO, with the latter mediator perhaps more potent than the former. Middle ear effusions from patients with chronic or recurrent otitis media have been found to contain dramatically increased concentrations of histamine relative to the concentrations in their plasma. The development of nasal and eustachian tube obstruction in allergic rhinitis patients has been prevented by pretreatment with an antihistamine plus decongestant before intranasal challenge with pollen allergen. Investigations are currently under way to assess the effect of antihistamine pretreatment on nasal and eustachian tube obstruction in patients undergoing intranasal histamine challenge.
Development's Paradox: is Washington DC a Third World city?

Abstract This article examines an urban centre in the heart of the First World through a critical development lens. It contends that traits of the Third World entail certain characteristics which remain consequential as axes of analysis for a variety of economic, political and geographic settings, including new applications in contexts that are typically excluded from the focus of international development practice and scholarship. The article discusses characteristics of ‘third worldality’ in relation to Washington DC. It posits that, despite being emblematic as a power centre, the city exhibits many of the characteristics of a Third World city. Highlighting disenfranchisement, socioeconomic inequality, and environmental health issues, the article reveals a paradox: underdevelopment in the heart of the ‘developed’ world. The article calls for greater recognition of the paradoxes of development theory and practice so as to confront persistent problems of orientalism and lack of self-reflexivity in the fie...
THE EFFECTS OF AAP EDUCATION MATERIALS USED BY A PEDIATRIC GROUP PRACTICE ON THE PREVALENCE OF GUN OWNERSHIP AND STORAGE METHODS IN A CENTRAL CITY POPULATION. 644

THE EFFECTS OF AAP EDUCATION MATERIALS USED BY A PEDIATRIC GROUP PRACTICE ON THE PREVALENCE OF GUN OWNERSHIP AND STORAGE METHODS IN A CENTRAL CITY POPULATION. 644
Stochastic resonance and synchronization in the crayfish caudal photoreceptor

Stochastic resonance is the process by which noise added to a weak external stimulus can enhance encoding efficiency in the sensory periphery and thence in the central nervous system. Stochastic synchronization is the process by which noisy phase synchronization of two periodic (or aperiodic) signals can occur. Together with a brief review of both concepts, we illustrate their applications to the encoding of weak external hydrodynamic signals in the mechanosensory system of the crayfish.
Production of Galacto-Oligosaccharide from Lactose by Sterigmatomyces elviae CBS8119.

Our stock cultures were screened for microorganisms that can produce galacto-oligosaccharide (Gal-OS) from lactose. Of the 574 strains of bacteria and yeasts tested, Sterigmatomyces elviae CBS8119, Rhodotorula minuta IFO879, and Sirobasidium magnum CBS6803 were found to be efficient producers of Gal-OS from lactose and S. elviae CBS8119 was selected as a representative, high-level producing strain. With toluene-treated resting S. elviae CBS8119 cells, 135 mg of Gal-OS per ml was produced from 360-mg/ml lactose. During this reaction, the by-product glucose was found to inhibit Gal-OS production. Therefore, in order to remove the glucose from the reaction mixture, a culture method in which cell growth followed the enzymatic reaction was devised, which increased the yield of Gal-OS considerably because of the consumption of glucose for cell growth. Under such conditions, 232 mg of Gal-OS per ml was produced from 360-mg/ml lactose after incubation at 30 degrees for 60 h. The structure of the major product was identified as O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-D- glucopyranose (4'-galactosyl-lactose) by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Modernist impulses in the human sciences 1870-1930

Modernism is currently at the center of debate in intellectual history and throughout the humanities, a debate generated in part by the advent of postmodernism. While much has been written about the modernist movement in the arts at the turn of the century, this is the first book since H. Stuart Hughes's Consciousness and Society to examine modernism in the human sciences and adjacent areas of philosophy and natural science. It is also the first book to explore that history in light of the contemporary debate.
Quantification in Modal Logic

The novice may wonder why quantified modal logic (QML) is considered difficult. QML would seem to be easy: simply add the principles of first-order logic to propositional modal logic. Unfortunately, this choice does not correspond to a intuitively satisfying semantics. From the semantical point of view, we are confronted with a number of decisions concerning the quantifiers, and these in turn prompt new questions about the semantics of identity, terms, and predicates. Since most of the choices can be made independently, the number of interesting quantified modal logics seems bewilderingly large.
Adolescent childbearing ambivalence: is it the sum of its parts?

Abstract Background This study was conducted to compare the utility of methods of assessing ambivalent attitudes about childbearing that require deductive reasoning by the subject to methods that do not. The goal was to predict the intent to use a noncoital method of contraception during adolescence. Design Participants (N = 340) in a racially and ethnically diverse population (white 20%, black 25%, Hispanic 55%) completed two scales concerning attitudes toward childbearing—a traditional Likert scale and a scale with positive, negative, and “I go back and forth” response choices. The indication of ambivalence according to these two scales was determined by two methods—averaging item responses and counting the number of midscale responses. Logistic regression was used to study the relationship between ambivalence (by each method) and contraceptive plans. Result Regardless of the scale's format (Likert or back-and-forth) and the scoring method used (averaging or counting), ambivalent adolescents were less apt to plan on using noncoital contraceptives than were nonambivalent adolescents. However, many of the adolescents who were classified as ambivalent by the averaging method chose no midscale responses (26.3% for the Likert scale and 40.5% for the back-and-forth scale), hence they were not classified as ambivalent by the counting method. These adolescents were younger and had lower average scores than adolescents who were classified as ambivalent by both scoring methods. Moreover, adolescents who were classified as ambivalent by both scoring methods were less likely to intend to use noncoital contraceptives than were nonambivalent adolescents, but adolescents who were classified ambivalent by only the averaging method were not. Conclusions Childbearing ambivalence predicts contraceptive plans. However, congruent with theories of cognitive development, methods of assessing childbearing ambivalence that require deductive reasoning on the part of the adolescent tend to overclassify adolescents with discordant attitudes as being ambivalent. Avenues of further study are discussed.
Adequate phenylalanine synthesis mediated by G protein is critical for protection from UV radiation damage in young etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.

Etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, lacking a func- tional prephenate dehydratase1 gene (PD1), also lack the ability to synthesize phenylalanine (Phe) and, as a conse- quence, phenylpropanoid pigments. We find that low doses of ultraviolet (UV)-C (254 nm) are lethal and low doses of UV-Bcauseseveredamagetoetiolatedpd1mutants,butnot to wild-type (wt) seedlings.Furthermore,exposure to UV-C is lethal to etiolated gcr1 (encoding a putative G protein- coupledreceptorinArabidopsis)mutantsandgpa1(encod- ing the sole G protein a subunit in Arabidopsis) mutants. Addition of Phe to growth media restores wt levels of UV resistance to pd1 mutants.The data indicate that the Arabi- dopsis G protein-signalling pathway is critical to providing protection from UV, and does so via the activation of PD1, resultinginthesynthesisofPhe.Cotyledonsofetiolatedpd1 mutants have proplastids (compared with etioplasts in wt), less cuticular wax and fewer long-chain fatty acids. Phe- derived pigments do not collect in the epidermal cells ofpd1 mutants when seedlings are treated with UV, particularly at the cotyledon tip. Addition of Phe to the growth media restores a wt phenotype to pd1 mutants.
Experimental verification of stress-wave bands and negative phase velocity in layered media

Based on a robust numerical method for calculation of band structure for stress-waves in heterogeneous media, a layered composite was designed and fabricated. It is shown that in the second pass band of this simple 2-phase layered structure, the direction of the energy flow is opposite that of the phase velocity. The ultrasonic stress-wave transmission through multiple thicknesses of this structure was studied experimentally and various quantities, such as band structure, phase velocity, group velocity, and a representation of the velocity of energy propagation were measured and compared with numerical predictions. The numerical calculations are based on hybrid (mixed min-max) variational principles presented previously by Nemat-Nasser and coworkers. In the cases where a closed form solution exists, the numerical results of this method agree very accurately with the results of the exact solution. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of the mixed variational method renders it an excellent tool for design and analysis of stress-wave propagation in heterogeneous media.
Novel mesa isolation using CMP for planarization of 0.35/0.25 um SOI

CMP has been applied to SOI mesa isolation, with good results. Electrical leakage is comparable to that seen on mesa sidewall isolated structures, and there is no indication of contamination or mechanical damage to the transistors. In addition to the individual transistor data, we measured fully operational inverter chains having 640 stages. The yield of these inverter chains is comparable to that of sidewall isolated structures. This is further indication of the viability of the CMP planarization process at isolation. Further work is needed to optimize CMP conditions for isolation, but all indications to date are that it is a viable process for planarization.
Constructing Inverse Probability Weights for Marginal Structural Models

The method of inverse probability weighting (henceforth, weighting) can be used to adjust for measured confounding and selection bias under the four assumptions of consistency, exchangeability, positivity, and no misspecification of the model used to estimate weights. In recent years, several published estimates of the effect of time-varying exposures have been based on weighted estimation of the parameters of marginal structural models because, unlike standard statistical methods, weighting can appropriately adjust for measured time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure. As an example, the authors describe the last three assumptions using the change in viral load due to initiation of antiretroviral therapy among 918 human immunodeficiency virus-infected US men and women followed for a median of 5.8 years between 1996 and 2005. The authors describe possible tradeoffs that an epidemiologist may encounter when attempting to make inferences. For instance, a tradeoff between bias and precision is illustrated as a function of the extent to which confounding is controlled. Weight truncation is presented as an informal and easily implemented method to deal with these tradeoffs. Inverse probability weighting provides a powerful methodological tool that may uncover causal effects of exposures that are otherwise obscured. However, as with all methods, diagnostics and sensitivity analyses are essential for proper use.
Anycast-RPC for Wireless Sensor Networks

Today, application development for wireless sensor networks (WSN) depends mainly on event-based programming models, making it difficult for programmers to write and maintain WSN applications. Further, the lossy wireless communication channel between nodes within these networks create the need for protocols that take advantage of asynchronous message passing. To address these issues, we present an analysis of communication patterns within the WSN domain and introduce spatially and temporally aware RPC extensions that exploit these patterns. This model, which we refer to as remote service method invocation (RSMI), provides Anycast-RPC and oneway-RPC.
CPR and Postarrest Care: Overview, Documentation, and Databases

It is estimated that 350,000 people suffer a cardiac arrest each year in the United States, with one-half occurring out-of-hospital and the other half in-hospital. Overall survival is < 10% and has not changed significantly for decades. CPR is the umbrella term for attempts to restore organized cardiac contractility and functional blood flow. Physicians have studied resuscitation techniques for millennia. In 1964, Peter Safar published the first ABCs of Heart-Lung Resuscitation, which included: (1) first aid, (2) start spontaneous circulation, and (3) support recovery. Many of these principles were incorporated into the first official CPR guidelines developed by the American Heart Association in 1966. These guidelines have been updated periodically since then, with the most recent iteration developed in November 2010. Fundamental principles, such as early defibrillation, chest compressions performed at the appropriate rate and depth, and delivery of postarrest care, are affirmed in the recent guidelines update. In addition, a greater emphasis has been placed on quality of CPR, with the need to minimize interruptions, the reordering of CPR priorities to place chest compressions before ventilations, and the need for comprehensive postarrest care that includes both targeted temperature and hemodynamic management. Whether a cardiac arrest occurs out-of-hospital or in-hospital, the basic approach to CPR and postarrest care is identical. Documentation should be performed in a standardized fashion, using a consensus set of data elements known as the Utstein format, and can contribute to quality improvement, research, and billing efforts.
abnormal chromatin (abc), a maternal-effect locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Mutations in the maternal-effect gene abnormal chromatin (abc) in Drosophila melanogaster result in a variety of defects involving nuclear replication/division. Three recessive alleles of this gene, which maps near 51F on chromosome 2, all result in female sterility. They cause slower embryonic development that is usually abnormal from the earliest nuclear divisions and arrested by the sixth one. Nuclei tend to be large and erratically distributed, some intensely staining. Mitotic asynchrony is common. Few embryos reach the gastrula stage and none hatch. With the weakest allele, fsPL, bridges between nuclei are common; abnormal chromatin clumps that resemble yolk nuclei occur before the other nuclei reach the surface; and spindle anomalies and DNA wads with numerous centrosomes are seen. Females with the stronger alleles, fsA5 and fs27, lay fewer eggs and a smaller proportion of embryos reach blastoderm; developmental arrest occurs earlier, usually with several large nuclei distributed along the length of the embryo. Chorion defects occur in all three mutants. Mitotic asynchrony, nuclear bridging, endoreduplication and nuclear behavior aberrant from the first division suggest that the abc gene product operates in DNA replication/nuclear division. Larval (homozygous F1) neuroblast chromosome structure and mitotic indices are normal, indicating that any mitotic function is strictly maternal, i.e. abc is not a general mitotic gene. Thus abc is one of a few known genes with a maternal effect that appears to function in the embryonic cell cycle.
Gender-based violence, criminal law enforcement and HIV: overview of the evidence and case studies of positive practices

A growing evidence base shows a link between gender-based violence and the spread of HIV. Gender-based violence (GBV) refers to offenses committed against a non-consenting person based on normative beliefs about gender. The physical trauma of rape facilitates HIV transmission. Psychological trauma can increase risky behavior in the future. Fear of GBV can impair the ability to negotiate safer sex. GBV can support a social environment in which victims are shamed and stigmatized, discouraging people who have experienced GBV from seeking HIV health and social services. Reducing GBV among people at risk of HIV is a critical component of a comprehensive effort to create an enabling environment for HIV prevention and care. After reviewing the evidence of the relationship of laws and law enforcement practices to GBV, this paper presents a series of real-life efforts to deal with GBV within the criminal justice system. All of them work to undo the exclusionary effect of punitive laws and law enforcement practices for groups at heightened risk of GBV through multidisciplinary and integrated efforts. Not all of the approaches we report have been evaluated, but as a group they demonstrate that practical action can be taken to change the laws that police enforce, and the way they behave, to reduce GBV and the risk of HIV.
Giant lipomas of the upper extremity

Lipomas are slow-growing soft tissue tumours that rarely reach a size larger than 2 cm. Lesions larger than 5 cm, so-called giant lipomas, can occur anywhere in the body but are seldom found in the upper extremities. The authors present their experiences with eight patients having giant lipomas of the upper extremity. In addition, a review of the literature, and a discussion of the appropriate evaluation and management are included.
Saving seeds: The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Native American seed savers, and problems of property

This case study contrasts centralized ex situ conservation of food and crop plant genetic resources with many Native Americans' preference for informal, localized in situ conservation. First, I examine ex situ genebanks operated by governments and research institutions, with particular attention to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault built into the mountainous permafrost on a Norwegian island in the High Arctic. Second, I describe Native American seed-saving efforts in the United States, drawing primarily on projects to preserve culturally significant seeds and promote food sovereignty at the local or tribal level. In general, Native American projects focus on the integration of cultural heritage and food independence through understandings of seeds as a tribal commons. Through these contrasting cases—the Svalbard vault and localized Native American seed-saving projects—I analyze the ways in which divergent understandings of "seedness" and seed ownership are crucial elements in discussions of seeds as property. In conclusion, I point out that the Svalbard Global Seed Vault is unique in its potential ability to cross the political and cultural divide over the ownership and conservation of seeds and thereby promote the vital ecological need for both ex situ and in situ seed preservation. Furthermore, I argue that recognition of the divergent understandings of "seedness" provides a useful way of examining the complementarity and limitations of specific models of in situ and ex situ seed conservation and, more broadly, the future of farmers' rights to the genetic heritage developed over generations in the fields.
CONTRASTING PROVERBS AS A MEASURE OF ATTITUDES OF COLLEGE STUDENTS TOWARD CURIOSITY-RELATED BEHAVIORS

42 pairs of contrasting proverbs chosen to measure attitudes toward curiosity-related behavior were administered to 70 college students along with the Ontario Test of Motivation, purported to measure attitudes toward ambiguity, complexity, novelty, and specific curiosity. The proverbs test yielded an index of stability of .91; scores correlated positively and significantly with each of the variables measured by the Ontario scale. As correlations were not high (r .35), attitudes measured by the two instruments seem largely independent of each other.
Cognition of Smoking and Its Hazards among Food and Public Places Employees in Changping District of Beijing City

[Objective]To understand the status of smoking and passive smoking among food and public places employees and their attitude towards tobacco control and ban on smoking in Changping District of Beijing City.[Methods]Unified questionnaire was developed.Food and public places employees,who received health examination in Changping CDC,were randomly selected for one to one survey.[Results]Of 1450 employees investigated,current smoking rate was 28.00%(male 24.21%,female 3.79%),abstinence rate was 10.20%。In the past 7 days,26.00% food and public places employees had passively smoked,among which 5.10% passively smoked everyday;the support rate of smoking abstinence was 97.66%;the knowledge level of tobacco control and ban on smoking among female employees was higher than that among male employees.[Conclusion]The smoking and passive smoking rates among food and public places employees are high in Changping District.It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education about "smoking is harmful to health" among this population,so as to reduce the smoking rate in public places of Changping District.
A STUDY ON THE CHINESE EV IPPE CHAMBERS (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)

The present paper deals with 8 species of Chinese Evippe, of which, 6 species are described as new to science. A key to all Chinese species is given. All type specimens are deposited in the Northwestern College of Forestry.1.Evippe zhouzhiensis Li, sp. nov. (Fig. 3)Wing expanse 9.0 mm.Close to Evippe albidorsella (Snellen). But valva of male genitalia with a small clubbed projection near apex. Apophysis posterior of female genitalia not dilated distally.Holotype , allotype , Zhouzhi, Shaanxi Province, 1000m, 13-Ⅶ -1987, Li Houhun.2.Evippe novisyrictis Li, sp. nov. (Fig.4)Wing expanse 9.0 mm.Very near Evippe syrictis (Meyrick) in male genitalia. But posterior margin of vinculum with a pair of small lateral processes; valva with a clubbed projection at apex. Anterior margin of 8th tergite deeply concave.Holotype , 13- VI -1985, paratypes 2 , Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 450m, 13-VI -1985, 3-Ⅶ -1985, Li Houhun; 1 , Fengxian, Shaanxi Province, 1600m, 10- VI -1988, Li Houhun.3.Evippe echinulata Li, sp. nov. (Fig.5)Wing expanse 8.0-9.0 mm.Closely related to Evippe syrictis (Meyrick)and Evippe novisyrictis Li. But this species differs from them by one-fifth of fore wing with a white transverse band connected with the white longitudinal band of posterior margin. Valva with a strong thorn at apex in male genitalia.Holotype , Chengcheng, Shaanxi Province, 30- Ⅶ -1986, Li Houhun; paratype 1 , same as holotype.4.Evippe dichotoma Li, sp. nov. (Fig.6)Wing expanse 8.0 mm.Closely similar to Evippe echinulata Li and Evippe syrictis (Meyrick). But its fore wing without white transverse band. The valva of male genitalia forked at apex. Holotype , Chengcheng, Shaanxi Province, 29- VI - 1986, Li Houhun.5.Evippe yongdengensis Li, sp. nov. (Fig.7)Wing expanse 10.0 mm.Very similar to Evippe novisyrictis Li, But fore wing without obvious stripe. The valva of male genitalia with a papilla at apex. Anterior margin of 8th tergite slightly concave.Holotype , Yongdeng, Gansu Province, 6- VI - 1985, Li Houhun.6.Evippe miniscula Li, sp. nov. (Fig.8)Wing expanse 6.0-8.0 mm.Similar to Evippe albidorsella (Snellen), but smaller, hind wing without hair pencils at base of costa. In male genitalia, posterior margin of vinculum with a pair of long lobiform lateral process; valva with a small thorn at apex ;anterior margin of 8th tergite deeply concave. In female genitalia, signum lozenged.Remarks: The antennae of this new species are dark brown and yellowish. Spots of fore wing are reddish brown. But the antennae of one male specimen from Zhongwei, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are black. And the spots on fore wing are black and bigger. The genitalia is the same.Holotype , Turfan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 120m, 27- Ⅷ - 1987, Li Houhun, allotype , 28-Ⅷ - 1987, same as holotype. Paratypes 8 22 , same as holotype; 1, Jiashi (Payzawat), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 1320m, 18-IX - 1987, Li Houhun; 1 , Zhongwei, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 9- IV - 1987, Ren Guodong.
Second Primary Head and Neck Cancers After Non-Head and Neck Primary Cancers

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine the rate of second primary head and neck cancer development among patients with a primary cancer diagnosed outside the head and neck region, to present the clinical characteristics of this population, and to determine whether any variables are associated with survival. Patients and Methods We designed a case series based on a sample of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer who had previously been diagnosed with cancer located outside the head and neck region. The primary predictor variable was a diagnosis of cancer outside the head and neck region. The primary outcome variable was the diagnosis of a second cancer in the head and neck region. χ 2 Goodness-of-fit tests were used to test for differences between the observed and expected rates. Results A total of 19,406 cancers were diagnosed at the University of Tennessee Cancer Institute during the study period from July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2014. The rate of second primary head and neck cancer among patients with a non-head and neck primary cancer was 0.2%. These 40 cancers occurred among a total of 849 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases (5%) diagnosed during the study period. The most common location for a second primary HNSCC was the gingiva (27.5%), followed by the oral tongue (17.5%). Significantly more gingival cancers were diagnosed than expected ( P P = .01). The most common primary cancer was prostate (27.5%), followed by breast (25%). The median survival was 28.5 months after the second primary diagnosis. A nonsignificant effect was found for age ( P = .30), tobacco use ( P = .12), gender ( P = .60), TNM stage ( P = .29), and treatment protocol ( P = .96) on survival. Conclusions The development of a second primary HNSCC in a population of patients with non-head and neck primary cancers is associated with decreased overall survival. The most common presentation of a second primary HNSCC in our study was in the gingiva and the most common primary cancer was in the prostate. Clinicians should consider the increased proportion of gingival cancers in this population when examining patients and be aware of the decrease in overall survival.
Use of postpheresis plasma to improve granulocyte yields for transfusion

Humoral factors which stimulate release of mature granulocytes from body reserves are presumed to be the mechanism through which high yields of granulocytes are obtained from donors by filtration leukopheresis. Postpheresis plasma (PPP) obtained 2 hr after leukopheresis, when infused into normal rats, induced a peak granulocytosis at 3 hr of 22,000/cu mm above controls. A substance in the nylon filters, which caused a peak granulocytosis at 4 hr of 7600/cu mm above controls, was eliminated by washing the filter with 30 volumes of saline. Injection of PPP obtained following leukopheresis with washed filters resulted in an 8000/cu mm increase in granulocytes. One milliliter of PPP given 1 hr before pheresis increased the granulocyte yield from 4.3 to 8.7 times 10–7 granulocytes in a 2-hr run. We conclude that (1) a humoral substance elaborated by the host during filtration leukopheresis induces a granulocytosis in the donor, (2) a substance in commercial leukopaks, which can be eliminated by vigorous washing of the filters, may be responsible in part for granulocytosis observed during leukopheresis, (3) PPP may be used to increase granulocyte yields in donors undergoing leukopheresis.
Association between arsenic exposure and a measure of subclinical sensory neuropathy in Bangladesh.

Objectives We examined the association between arsenic exposure and peripheral neuropathy in Bangladesh, where the population has been chronically exposed to arsenic in drinking water. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 137 subjects derived from a larger cohort. Exposure measures included individual water arsenic concentration, cumulative arsenic index, and urinary arsenic concentration taken at two time points (2001 and 2003). The primary outcome measurement was elevated vibrotactile threshold, as measured by a vibration sensitivity tester (Vibratron II). Results Arsenic exposure was associated with elevated toe vibration threshold (TVT). Specifically, cumulative arsenic index and urinary arsenic (2001) were both significantly associated with elevated TVT (P = 0.02 and P = 0.009, respectively) after adjustment for age and gender. Conclusions Increased arsenic exposure, as measured by both cumulative and urinary measures, was associated with evidence of subclinical sensory neuropathy.
Obstructive sleep apnea and weight loss treatment outcome among adults with metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome who screen as high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) lose less weight as part of a weight loss intervention than those who screen as low risk. METHOD We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing 2 weight loss interventions consisting of dietary counseling for adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Participants were screened for sleep apnea using a validated screening questionnaire. Percent weight loss was calculated from weight measured at baseline and intervention end (12 months). Weight loss of 5% or greater was considered clinically significant. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models estimated the association between OSA screening status (high vs. low risk) and percent weight loss and clinically significant weight loss, adjusting for relevant covariates including body mass index and sleep duration. RESULTS Nearly half of participants (45.8%) screened as high risk for OSA. Participants who screened as high risk for OSA lost less weight (1.2% ± 4.2% vs. 4.2% ± 5.3%) and were less likely to lose 5% or greater (24.4% vs. 75.6%) than participants without OSA. CONCLUSION Among adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome, those at high risk for OSA lost less weight in response to a dietary counseling intervention than adults with low risk of OSA. Routine OSA screening should be considered as part of weight loss treatment programs. Additional research is needed to determine how to tailor weight loss treatment for those with high risk for OSA. (PsycINFO Database Record
European Integration and Ethnic Mobilization in Newly Admitted Countries: The Case of the Hungarian Minority in Romania

The territorial autonomy of Transylvania has been a recurrent issue in postcommunist Romanian politics. Since the 1990s, nationalist rhetoric was heard constantly, and both minority and majority elites played the “ethnic card” for electoral gains. However, what might be surprising for some observers is the persistence and the relevance of the “autonomist” message in the new context of Romania’s European Union (EU) membership. Furthermore, the way this message has been framed by the Hungarian political elites—by using European themes such as minority rights, regionalization, Europe of the Regions—and the diversification of arenas in which this message has been delivered, particularly after 1996 (e.g., local/regional, national, and EU), raises an important question: is there a link between European integration and the radicalization of ethnic discourse? Does European integration affect ethnic mobilization in newly admitted countries and if so, how? This chapter aims to address these questions by examining the case of the Hungarian minority in Romania. It explores the behavior and the discursive practices of its political organizations—the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) and the National Council of Ethnic Hungarians in Transylvania (CNMT)3—in the period from 1990 to 2008. I analyze Hungarian discourses and rhetorical practices in speeches and interviews with major Hungarian leaders in Romania, their political platforms, and news coverage.4
A wide-angle immersed MEMS mirror and its application in optical coherence tomography

In this paper we report a wide-angle two-axis electrothermal MEMS scanning mirror and its application in optical coherence tomography (OCT). The wide-angle scanning was achieved by combining the large scan range of the MEMS mirror and the “Snell's Window” effect. By immersing the electrothermal MEMS mirror into a mineral oil, the original 32° field of view (FOV) can be increased up to about 75°. The wide-angle immersed mirror was employed in an OCT system and 3D OCT images were successfully obtained.
Cosmopolitanizing Catastrophism: Remembering the Future:

Ulrich Beck’s quest to unshackle the social sciences from their methodological nationalism has yielded numerous influential concepts. In his last work he theorized the transformation of a globally ...
TMOD-09DISTINCT TUMOR PHENOTYPES FROM NEURAL PROGENITOR CELL-DERIVED TUMORS

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogeneous disease and can exhibit a diversity of cell behaviors and responses to therapy, even when driven by a similar set of oncogenic alterations. Using a murine model for glioma based on the genetic manipulation of neural progenitor cells, we asked whether heterogeneous tumors with different tumor cell behaviors and malignancy could be generated using the same oncogenic driver. We established two tumor progenitor cell (TPC) clones with different survival, an aggressive line with short survival (TPC-S) and a less aggressive line with longer survival (TPC-L). Both TPC clones formed invasive tumors in vivo, however with distinct invasive features. TPC-S cells invaded as cohesive clusters, whereas TPC-L cells invaded diffusely, as single cells. Gene expression analysis, proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and cell differentiation assays, were used to define these two cell populations. Aggressive TPC-S cells expanded at almost twice the rate of TPC-L cells in vitro and were enriched for genes associated with DNA proliferation. TPC-S cells had high expression of neural stem/progenitor cell markers, including Prom1 and Id1 compared to TPC-L. Interestingly, the two lines exhibited differences in differentiation capacity with TPC-S cells unable to differentiate in vitro, while TPC-L cells readily formed both Tuj1 and GFAP expressing cells. In the current project we demonstrate how cells with the same oncogenic driver can give rise to tumors with vastly different properties, reflective of different GBM phenotypes. These lines are being used to examine tumor heterogeneity in both mechanistic and preclinical studies.
Factors Associated With Documentation of Obesity in the Inpatient Setting

OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity is rarely identified in hospitalized pediatric patients despite the high prevalence of obesity and potential for associated morbidity. The purpose of this study was to identify specific patient characteristics associated with the documentation of obesity and related weight management recommendations in the inpatient setting. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was conducted on all pediatric patients ages 2 to 18 years old and discharged between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, to determine the following: (1) if obesity was noted in the clinical documentation of those with a BMI ≥95th percentile; and (2) if those with documented obesity had evidence of an obesity-specific management plan. Using χ 2 and multivariable logistic regression, we determined patient characteristics associated with the documentation of obesity and presence of a management plan. RESULTS: Only 26% (214 of 809) of inpatients with obesity had documentation of weight status. The odds of obesity documentation were higher in patients with comorbid cholelithiasis, severe obesity, and older age. Of those with obesity documentation, 23% (49 of 214) had an obesity management plan. Comorbid sleep apnea and admission to a surgical service with a pediatric hospital medicine consult were significantly associated with the presence of an obesity management plan. CONCLUSIONS: Increased efforts are necessary to improve obesity diagnosis and management in younger children who have not yet developed comorbidities. Additionally, the role of pediatric hospitalists as consultants for surgical patients should be further explored as a tool for addressing obesity during inpatient hospitalization.
Effects of polymer–nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers under extreme nanoconfinement during capillary rise infiltration

We explore the effect of confinement and polymer–nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers undergoing capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) in dense packings of nanoparticles. In CaRI, a polymer is thermally induced to wick into the dense packings of nanoparticles, leading to the formation of polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films, a new class of thin film nanocomposites with extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles. To understand the effect of this extreme nanoconfinement, as well as polymer–nanoparticle interactions on the polymer viscosity in CaRI films, we use two polymers that are known to have very different interactions with SiO2 nanoparticles. Using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, we monitor the polymer infiltration process, from which we infer the polymer viscosity based on the Lucas–Washburn model. Our results suggest that physical confinement increases the viscosity by approximately two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, confinement also increases the glass transition temperature of both polymers. Thus, under extreme nanoconfinement, the physical confinement has a more significant impact than the polymer–nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers, measured through infiltration dynamics, as well as the glass transition temperature. These findings will provide fundamental frameworks for designing processes to enable the fabrication of CaRI nanocomposite films with a wide range of nanoparticles and polymers.
Screening and Surveillance of Varices in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Gastro-esophageal varices (GEV) and variceal hemorrhage (VH) are clinical milestones in the natural history of cirrhosis, as they are closely related to the severity of portal hypertension and define specific stages in disease progression. Variceal hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis and is one of the clinical complications that defines cirrhosis decompensation. The goal of screening and surveillance of varices is to identify patients with GEV at a high risk of bleeding, so that prevention strategies can be implemented. There have been significant updates in the management of GEV over the last years, particularly in the use of non-invasive methods to assess the degree of portal hypertension and the likelihood of having GEV. This paper is focused on esophageal varices with or without extension along the lesser curvature (type 1 or GOV1), as special considerations are required for the management of cardiofundal varices (GOV2 - esophageal varices extending into the fundus, or IGV1 - isolated gastric varices in the fundus) or isolated gastric varices type 2 (IGV2 – gastric varices elsewhere in the stomach, not in the fundus).
Experiences of stigma and health care engagement among Black MSM newly diagnosed with HIV/STI.

Rates of HIV/STI transmission among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are alarmingly high and demand urgent public health attention. Stigma related concerns are a key barrier to accessing health care and prevention tools, yet limited research has been focused in this area. Experiences of stigma related to health care were evaluated among 151 BMSM residing in the Atlanta, GA area, both prior to and post HIV or STI diagnosis in a longitudinal study (data collected from 2014 to 2016). Findings demonstrated that inadequate health care engagement is associated with post-diagnosis anticipated stigma (b = - 0.38, SE = 0.17 p ≤ .05). Pre-diagnosis prejudice is a predictor of post-diagnosis enacted (b = 0.39, SE = 0.14, p < .01), anticipated (b = .28, SE = 0.14, p < .05), and internalized (b = .22, SE = 0.06, p < .001) stigmas. This study is the first of its kind to assess experiences of stigma among BMSM during a critical time (i.e., before and after diagnosis) for HIV/STI prevention and treatment. Results provide a novel understanding of how stigma unfolds over-time and provide direction for stigma intervention development.
Developing a Mobile Health Application to Assist With Clinic Flow, Documentation, Billing, and Research in a Specialty Clinic

In specialty clinics, a staff physician is often required to direct patient flow through the clinic and performs all documentation for coding/billing. In response to the workload created by increased patient volume, many specialty clinics have implemented protocols for both disease treatment and coordination of clinic flow. In this article, we review the literature on using mobile technology to assist with patient care, clinic flow, disease treatment, and documentation/billing. We also describe the development and implementation of a mobile application in our pulmonary clinic designed to automate patient flow, assist the physician in documentation/billing, and gather research data including review of initial user data and lessons learned.
Emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism of opioid misuse and suicidality among chronic pain patients.

Chronic pain is a prevalent condition that causes functional impairment and emotional suffering. To allay pain-induced suffering, opioids are often prescribed for chronic pain management. Yet, chronic pain patients on opioid therapy are at heightened risk for opioid misuse—behaviors that can lead to addiction and overdose. Relatedly, chronic pain patients are at elevated risk for suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. Opioid misuse and suicidality are maladaptive processes aimed at alleviating the negative emotional hyperreactivity, hedonic hyporeactivity, and emotion dysregulation experienced by chronic pain patients on opioid therapy. In this review, we explore the role of emotion dysregulation in chronic pain. We then describe why emotionally dysregulated chronic pain patients are vulnerable to opioid misuse and suicidality in response to these negative affective states. Emotion dysregulation is an important and malleable treatment target with the potential to reduce or prevent opioid misuse and suicidality among opioid-treated chronic pain patients.
Traditional Medical Intervention Approaches to Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review

Musculoskeletal pain affects practically every adult at one point in his or her life. Fortunately, not everyone is plagued with recurrent or chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes; however, chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders are not uncommon. Various studies reveal that the prevalence of certain musculoskeletal pain disorders is fairly low (i.e., 2 % or less for rheumatoid arthritis), while other conditions, such as low back pain, are quite common. For instance, low back pain affects 30–40 % of adults in the general population at any given time. In between these two extremes, neck pain and shoulder pain have a prevalence of 15–20 %, and knee pain, temporomandibular-associated pain, and chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain have prevalence rates of 10–15 %. Based on these statistics, it is not surprising that a majority of patients seen in the chronic pain clinic setting will suffer from a chronic or recurrent musculoskeletal pain complaint (Cimmino, Ferrone, & Cutolo, 2011; Combie, Croft, Linton, LeResche, & Von Korff, 1999).
On Locations and Distances

Regional science is about integrating different spatial disciplines, in particular spatial economics and economic geography. In this spirit a first study bears on the envelopment of production units inside an urban technological complex, comparing natural and logarithmic envelopments from the point of view of their respective representative efficiency. A second and related study treats the reverse problem: given Manhattan distances between production units, which are their respective locations?
Controlling Classical Conditioning and Other Behavioral Neuroscience Experiments

The microcomputer is arguably the most powerful tool available to behavioral neuroscience researchers. As we have pointed out in a number of places in an earlier chapter, the microcomputer has become indispensable for research. Microcomputers are used to deliver stimuli, acquire data, and perform data reduction and analyses, including statistical analyses used for hypothesis testing. Databases are stored on microcomputers and they are even used to write the papers that report and interpret the results that are obtained in the study. In this chapter, for the most part, we concentrate on the use of microcomputers to control experiments. We begin with a brief history of the equipment that has been used to control classical conditioning experiments. We also give a brief history of our experience with the development of controllers and computers for classical conditioning as they evolved in the Thompson laboratory and later in our individual laboratories at the University of Southern California and Indiana University. We thank Richard Thompson for some corrections to this history. We next provide some details about simple controllers that were used prior to the advent of microcomputers and then present, in detail, the computer systems we currently use in our laboratories at the University of Southern California (Lavond) and at Indiana University (Steinmetz). We conclude with a brief presentation of some other systems that are available.
Redesigning Transplant Organ Labeling to Prevent Patient Harm and Organ Loss

Background In 2012, the Health Resources and Services Administration and the United Network for Organ Sharing launched the "Electronic Tracking and Transportation" (ETT) project, in response to "labeling and packaging issues" being a frequently reported safety incident. This article describes an improvement project conducted as part of this United Network for Organ Sharing project. Methods An interdisciplinary team conducted a Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, laboratory simulations of organ labeling during procurement, and a heuristic evaluation of a label software application to inform the design of TransNet, a system that uses barcode technology at the point of organ recovery. A total of 42 clinicians and staff from 10 organ procurement organizations and 2 transplant centers in the United States participated. Processes Addressed: Key features of the redesigned labeling system include independent, double entry of label information into the software application, a machine-readable barcode on each organ's label, and a handheld printer for at "point of use" label printing. Outcomes The new labeling system, TransNet, has become mandatory since June 2017. A survey conducted on early adopters (N = 11), after 1 year of use, indicates the process is safer and more efficient. Implications for practice The findings from this study suggest that the application of quality planning methods, common in other industries, when redesigning a health-care process, are valuable and revelatory and should be adopted more extensively. Future evaluation of TransNet effectiveness to reduce safety incidents is critical.