cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ALLOZYME VARIATION IN COREOPSIS NUECENSOIDES AND C. NUECENSIS (COMPOSITAE), A PROGENITOR-DERIVATIVE SPECIES PAIR.

Coreopsis nuecensis Heller and C. nuecensoides E. B. Smith are two plant species occurring on the sandy prairies and plains of southeastern Texas (Fig. 1). Although populations of the two species occur in adjacent areas, plants do not grow intermixed in the same populations (Smith, 1974). The only morphological feature consistently distinguishing the two species in the field is that the inner involucral bracts of C. nuecensis are pubescent whereas those of C. nuecensoides are glabrous (Smith, 1974) (Fig. 2). In addition, the stems of C. nuecensis tend to be glabrous while those of C. nuecensoides tend to be pubescent. When grown in the greenhouse, Coreopsis nuecensis is an annual whereas C. nuecensoides persists for two or more years, flowering each season (Smith, 1974; Crawford, unpubl. observ.). However, under natural conditions, the latter species is strictly annual. Coreopsis nuecensoides has chromosome numbers of N = 9 and 10 whereas N = 6, 7 and 8 (7 bivalents and a pair of B chromosomes) are known for C. nuecensis (Turner, 1960; Smith, 1971, 1974; Crawford, unpubl.). Hybrids resulting from crosses between plants within each species, regardless of chromosome number, are highly fertile and it is possible to produce advanced generation hybrids (Smith, 1974; Crawford, unpubl.). By contrast, interspecific hybridization produces vigorous, but almost completely sterile F1 plants (pollen stainability 2-5%). On the basis of cytogenetic evidence, Smith (1974) proposed that Coreopsis nuecensoides gave rise to C. nuecensis by a process of aneuploid reduction. Morphologically, these two species are much more similar to each other than either is to any other species of Coreopsis; indeed, without the differences between their involucral bracts it would be difficult if not impossible to distinguish them. In addition, the two taxa are annuals whereas nearly all others in Coreopsis Section Coreopsis are long-lived herbaceous perennials (Smith, 1974). The present study examined genetic variation within and among populations of the two species to ascertain the amount of genetic divergence between them. Several investigations (Gottlieb, 1973a, 1974; Gottlieb and Pilz, 1976; Rick et al., 1976) have demonstrated that speciation can occur with little or no divergence at gene loci coding for allozymes. By contrast, much higher levels of differentiation at allozyme loci have been detected for most congeneric species (Gottlieb, 1977). Thus, if Coreopsis nuecensoides and C. nuecensis are related as progenitor and recent derivative, then they are expected to exhibit very high similarity at genes coding for enzymes.
Pathophysiology of Affective Disorders: Functional Interaction of Stress Hormones and Hippocampal Excitation

An important new study by Kvarta, Bradbrook, Dantrassy, Bailey, and Thompson (J Neurophysiol 114: 1713–1724, 2015) examined the effects of persistent stress and excessive glucocorticoid levels on h...
Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Dog-derived Leishmaniasis in Sichuan Province

Based on the review of literature and the author's work experience,this paper analyze the clinical features of leishmaniasis in Sichuan retrospectively and summaries the clinical features and diagnosis of dog-derived leishmaniasis to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis,prevention and reduce misdiagnosis.All of the patients with leishmaniasis have the history of living in epidemic areas during sandfly breeding season,and the clinical features include repeated irregular fever,splenomegaly,pancytopenia and plasma globulin increasing.It is easily misdiagnosed as liver cirrhosis,aplastic anemia,leukemia,typhoid and tuberculosis,etc,which was mainly caused by untimely etiological or immunological detections by doctors in non-epidemic areas as the result of neglecting epidemiological history of the patients.Doctors should improve their diagnostic ability of leishmaniasis by knowing the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease and conduct etiological or serological detections as early as possible in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
Medical School Hotline: Medical Student Insights on Pediatric Neuromuscular Disease in Hawai‘i

The experience at the MDA Camp reinforced the importance of adopting a patient-centered approach to healthcare that is individualized and adaptable to patient needs through time and circumstance. Engaging in daily activities with pediatric patients affected by neuromuscular diseases can provide deeper understanding of the various limitations patients face, of how they adapt, and of their perceptions of their diseases. This in turn can provide insight into how to best approach patients in the clinical setting to optimize their health and quality of life. This experience was also a lesson in working with individuals with neuromuscular disease. This subpopulation of pediatric patients is a unique one, with specific needs that may be difficult for health care providers to approach. Learning how to interact with these patients and to ask the appropriate questions comes with experience, and volunteering at the MDA camp provided an opportunity for growth. The medical students found it surprising that much of their experience was learning about the psychosocial aspect of the neuromuscular disease when they were expecting to learn more about the clinical aspects of the disease. Medical education teaches students the facts and figures related to the pathophysiology of disease, and it introduces them to management algorithms in disease treatment. This is necessary, given the vast amount of material one needs to learn in four short years. However, there are still some experiences students and physicians can participate in — even in the context of clinical education — that can help remind physicians of the human elements of our profession. These experiences help strengthen the more intangible skills of medical practice in ways that classroom learning cannot. In this case, all participants—campers, MDA Hawai‘i, and the students—benefitted from the collaborative effort.
Zero-emission datacenters and 3D chip stacking

Summary form only given. Cloud computing has today become a widespread practice for the provisioning of IT services. Cloud infrastructures provide the means to lease computational resources on demand, typically on a pay per use or subscription model and without the need for significant capital investment into hardware. With enterprises seeking to migrate their services to the cloud to save on deployment costs, cater for rapid growth or generally relieve themselves from the responsibility of maintaining their own computing infrastructures, a diverse range of services is required to help fulfil business processes. In this talk, we discuss some of the challenges involved in deploying and managing an ecosystem of loosely coupled cloud services that may be accessed through and integrate with a wide range of devices and third party applications. In particular, we focus on how projects such as OpenStack are accelerating the evolution towards a federated cloud service ecosystem. We also examine how the portfolio of existing and emerging standards such as OAuth and the Simple Cloud Identity Management framework can be exploited to seamlessly incorporate cloud services into business processes and solve the problem of identity and access management when dealing with applications exploiting services across organisational boundaries.
Non-oscillatory antiferromagnetic coupling in sputtered Fe/Si superlattices

A series of sputtered Fe(30{Angstrom})/Si(x) superlattices were grown for x=10--40{Angstrom}. Magnetization and Kerr hysteresis loops, and neutron-reflectively measurements identify antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling of the Fe layers at room temperature for x=15{Angstrom} nominal thickness, with switching fields of 6kOe. X-ray structural analysis indicate that the spacer medium is crystalline for x<20{Angstrom}, while sputtered Si is amorphous (a). Failure to detect oscillations in the AF coupling for thicker Si layers is due to the formation of a-Si, as opposed to the crystalline silicide responsible for the coupling.
Antibiotics in ophthalmology practice

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ophthalmic antibiotics are indicated to treat bacterial ocular infections as well as to prevent devastating post-operative infectious complications. A thorough understanding of current ophthalmic antibiotics with particular attention to rising resistance can inform clinical management.Areas covered: This work reviews the current literature in order to present an in-depth discussion on ophthalmic antibiotics with particular emphasis on treatment approaches for bacterial keratitis as well as surgical prophylaxis for cataract surgery. Limitations in our ophthalmic antibiotic armamentarium are highlighted, underscoring the importance of rising antibiotic resistance.Expert commentary: Ultimately, in an era of significant antimicrobial resistance, there is a significant need for novel antibiotics in ophthalmology as well as improved drug delivery systems in order to maintain adequate treatment options to prevent vision-threatening infectious disease.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Pediatric Healthcare Visits and Hospitalizations.

Introduction This study assessed the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) as measured by serum cotinine and healthcare utilization among children. Methods In 2016, the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed including 4,985 children aged 3–19 years. Associations between SHSe and having a routine place for healthcare, type of place, and hospital utilization were examined using logistic regression models. Poisson regression analyses assessed the relationship between SHSe and number of hospital admissions. Relationships between SHSe and acute care visits and hospital utilization were examined among asthmatic children. Results SHSe level did not differ by having a routine place for healthcare, although children with high SHSe indicative of active smoking (cotinine ≥3 ng/mL) were 3.49 times (95% CI=1.77, 6.89) more likely to use an emergency department. Children with high SHSe were 2.85 times (95% CI=1.87, 4.34) more likely to have had an overnight hospital stay. Children with high SHSe had 2.05 times (95% CI=1.46, 2.87) the risk of having a higher number of hospital admissions for overnight stays versus children with no SHSe (cotinine Conclusions High SHSe is associated with increased healthcare utilization. The emergency department and inpatient settings are important venues in which to routinely offer cessation and SHSe reduction interventions.
Teacher-Rated Social Skills of Mainstreamed Mildly Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Children.

Social skills across three subgroups of mildly handicapped children (i.e., Learning Disabled, Mildly Mentally Retarded/Educationally Handicapped, and Behavior Disordered) were compared to a matched...
CATS (Coordinates of Atoms by Taylor Series): protein design with backbone flexibility in all locally feasible directions.

Motivation When proteins mutate or bind to ligands, their backbones often move significantly, especially in loop regions. Computational protein design algorithms must model these motions in order to accurately optimize protein stability and binding affinity. However, methods for backbone conformational search in design have been much more limited than for sidechain conformational search. This is especially true for combinatorial protein design algorithms, which aim to search a large sequence space efficiently and thus cannot rely on temporal simulation of each candidate sequence. Results We alleviate this difficulty with a new parameterization of backbone conformational space, which represents all degrees of freedom of a specified segment of protein chain that maintain valid bonding geometry (by maintaining the original bond lengths and angles and ω dihedrals). In order to search this space, we present an efficient algorithm, CATS, for computing atomic coordinates as a function of our new continuous backbone internal coordinates. CATS generalizes the iMinDEE and EPIC protein design algorithms, which model continuous flexibility in sidechain dihedrals, to model continuous, appropriately localized flexibility in the backbone dihedrals ϕ and ψ as well. We show using 81 test cases based on 29 different protein structures that CATS finds sequences and conformations that are significantly lower in energy than methods with less or no backbone flexibility do. In particular, we show that CATS can model the viability of an antibody mutation known experimentally to increase affinity, but that appears sterically infeasible when modeled with less or no backbone flexibility. Availability and implementation Our code is available as free software at https://github.com/donaldlab/OSPREY_refactor . Contact mhallen@ttic.edu or brd+ismb17@cs.duke.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Asthma Screening in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: A Clinic-Based Program Using Questionnaires and Spirometry

A clinician diagnosis of asthma is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that a screening program would help identify children ...
Pulmonary epithelioid angiosarcoma responsive to chemotherapy: A case report.

Abstract Primary pulmonary epithelioid angiosarcoma (AS) is an extremely rare cancer with a poor prognosis. The presenting symptoms and imaging results are nonspecific and hold similarities with more common lung pathology, contributing to missed or delayed diagnosis. Complementing radiological imaging with patient information, such as presenting symptoms and exposures, is important for early consideration of pulmonary epithelioid AS. Even with supportive imaging findings and clinical suspicion for pulmonary epithelioid AS, the most reliable and definitive method for diagnosis is through immunohistochemistry. We describe the case of a 65-year-old patient who presented with dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis in whom pauci-immune vasculitis was initially suspected before immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary pulmonary epithelioid AS. Due to the rarity of this disease, treatment options have not been well-studied and consist of any combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Although typically poorly responsive to chemotherapy, our patient achieved a reduction in size of his pulmonary nodules after a course of steroids followed by cyclophosphamide and was later maintained with gemcitabine and docetaxel until his death nearly a year after presentation.
The Janson Inequality

The Janson Inequality is a relatively recent result that has proven to be very useful in the study of random graphs. We begin with a general (though hardly the most general) formulation. An important and instructive example of its application is given after the statement of the Inequality.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMFORT LEVELS IN FIVE SELECTED FLORIDA RESIDENCES

ABSTRACT Much has been expostulated on the virtues of the thermal efficiency of vernacular buildings throughout the world. Little has been done on comparing their actual performances. This short paper compares the external and internal environment temperatures of three traditional south Florida buildings, with two more recent dwellings, over 30 years old and not air conditioned.
Allergenic cross-reactivity of foods and characterization of food allergens and extracts.

Objective : The intent of this review article is to familiarize the reader with the clinical implications of cross-allergenicity among foods, the allergens involved in the oral allergy syndrome, and the progress to date in the identification of major food allergens. Data sources : English language papers identified through a Medline search and bibliographies of the identified papers. Study Selection : References were selected that provided historical background or contributed significantly to our current understanding of the objectives. Results : (1) Cross-allergenicity in food families is commonly demonstrated in vitro or by skin testing, but oral challenge results indicate that clinically relevant food allergy is usually specific, and dietary restrictions of entire food families are rarely needed. (2) Patients with pollinosis and the oral allergy syndrome have IgE binding that cross-reacts secondarily to binding of highly homologous proteins found in various unrelated plants (pollens) and foods. (3) Identification and characterization of several major food allergens from codfish, milk, egg, peanut, soybean, and shrimp have been accomplished. (4) Commercial food allergy extracts are currently non-standardized and not well characterized. Conclusions : Accurate diagnosis of food allergy is essential because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, but this fact should not lead to the unnecessary prescription of overly restricted diets based solely on results of in vitro or skin testing. The further identification of major allergenic components of food and the identification of specific IgE antibodies to these allergens should make the clinical approach to the treatment, understanding, and diagnosis of food hypersensitivity easier.
Star Counts And Starlight

In Chapter 1 we found that the unaided eye could distinguish stars to the 6th visual magnitude from a mountain top and to the 5th magnitude from sea level. Over the entire sky there are 4850 stars brighter than magnitude 6 and 1620 brighter than magnitude 5. These are manageable numbers but with telescopic aid the number of stars either visible or photographable increases enormously. For example, there are Open image in new window Fig. 2-1. Plots of: (a) number of stars per magnitude interval (Am), (b) cumulative number of stars (N.), and (c) integrated starlight (4) per magnitude interval as a function of apparent visual magnitude. (Based on MW301, averaged over the whole sky.) 106 stars brighter than visual magnitude 11.2 and 109 brighter than magnitude 20. A definitive count is possible for the brighter stars, but for the fainter ones counting has been completed only for samples.
A Memory Based Generic Reconfigurable Framework

This chapter describes the hardware architecture for MBC based stand alone reconfigurable computing framework. It first lays down the requirement for a generic reconfigurable framework and how a fully-spatial computing frameworks addresses those requirements. Next it describes the spatio-temporal MBC model and explains how it can be used as a generic reconfigurable framework. The μ-architecture for each computing unit in the MBC framework is then described in detail. Next, it illustrates with examples, how multiple computing units of the MBC framework communicate with each other via a time-multiplexed programmable interconnect. Attention has been particularly given to explaining the synchronization among multiple LUT evaluations mapped to the same or different computing units in the MBC framework.
The Consequences of Framing Digital Humanities Tools as Easy to Use

This is the accepted manuscript of an article published in College & Undergraduate Libraries on August 7, 2018, available online (version of record) at Taylor and Francis Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2018.1480440
Characterization of a long overlooked copper protein from methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

Methane-oxidizing microbes catalyze the oxidation of the greenhouse gas methane using the copper-dependent enzyme particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). Isolated pMMO exhibits lower activity than whole cells, however, suggesting that additional components may be required. A pMMO homolog, ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), converts ammonia to hydroxylamine in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) which produce another potent greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide. Here we show that PmoD, a protein encoded within many pmo operons that is homologous to the AmoD proteins encoded within AOB amo operons, forms a copper center that exhibits the features of a well-defined CuA site using a previously unobserved ligand set derived from a cupredoxin homodimer. PmoD is critical for copper-dependent growth on methane, and genetic analyses strongly support a role directly related to pMMO and AMO. These findings identify a copper-binding protein that may represent a missing link in the function of enzymes critical to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles.
MoS2-graphene heterostructures as efficient organic compounds sensing 2D materials

Abstract In this work, electrical properties and application for volatile organic compounds detection of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)−graphene (MS/G) heterostructure is investigated. The MS/G heterostructure is synthesized by physical stacking of single-layer (SL) MoS2 over SL graphene. The difference in the work-functions between the MoS2 and graphene leads to electron transfer from MoS2 to graphene, which changes FET charge neutrality point (VCNP) of graphene by as much as 30 V and increases the electron-to-hole ratio in graphene. This charge transport phenomenon is further confirmed by shifting of Raman G peak and quenching of photoluminescence intensity by 50% of MoS2 in the heterostructure. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a 0.1 eV upshift of the Fermi level of graphene in MS/G, which is consistent with the electrical double-layer capacitance versus the electrode potential measurement and energy band alignment predicted by first-principle simulations. The heterogenity induced charge transfer in the heterostructure of MS/G results in outstanding performance in chemical sensing. The MS/G FET shows improved stability in dry air with negligible shifting of VCNP, as compared to graphene FET. In the detection of toluene, the MS/G FET-based sensor shows higher sensitivity and superior signal-to-noise ratio compared to MoS2 or graphene individually.
Music tunes the brain in autism

Music intervention alters brain activation and improves social communication skills in children with autism.
Immunotherapy response evaluation with MR elastography (MRE) in advanced HCC.

230Background: To determine changes in MRE HCC stiffness as predictor of immunotherapy response in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: This was a prospective, Institutional Review Board approved s...
A Kolsky Bar with a 50 ns Rise-Time: Application to Rates Beyond 1 M/s

Miniature Kolsky bars, or Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars, are used to increase the strain-rate range accessible by the technique. A number of authors have developed miniature versions in both Kolsky bar and direct impact configurations (Jia and Ramesh, Exp. Mech. 44:445–454, 2004; Casem, A Small Diameter Kolsky bar for High-rate Compression, 2009; Ames, Shock compression of condenser matter, 2005; Casem et al., Exp. Mech. 52:173–184, 2012; Lea and Jardine, Int. J. Plas. 102:41–52; Casem et al., Mims High-rate Mechanical Response of Aluminum Using Miniature Kolsky Bar Techniques, 2018), and rates as high as 1 M/s have been obtained with bars as small as 127 μm diameter (Casem et al., Mims High-rate Mechanical Response of Aluminum Using Miniature Kolsky Bar Techniques, 2018). Even higher rates are possible, provided challenges related to manufacture, alignment, and instrumentation can be overcome.
Accuracy of Elementary Teachers’ Representations of the Projects and Processes of Engineering: Results of a Professional Development Program

With the growing adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards across the United States, elementary teachers are being called upon to incorporate engineering into their science instruction, cre...
Two-stage Bayesian GWAS of 9576 individuals identifies SNP regions that are targeted by miRNAs inversely expressed in Alzheimer's and cancer.

Introduction We compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age-related cancers-breast and prostate -to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer. Methods Bayesian multinomial regression was used to compare sex-stratified cases (AD and cancer) against controls in a two-stage study. A ±500 KB region around each replicated hit was imputed and analyzed after merging individuals from the two stages. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target the genes involving these SNPs were analyzed for miRNA family enrichment. Results We identified 137 variants with inverse odds ratios for AD and cancer located on chromosomes 19, 4, and 5. The mapped miRNAs within the network were enriched for miR-17 and miR-515 families. Discussion The identified SNPs were rs4298154 (intergenic), within TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, MARK4, CLPTM1, and near the VDAC1/FSTL4 locus. The miRNAs identified in our network have been previously reported to have inverse expression in AD and cancer.
Using a Website to Teach a Structured Reporting System, the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System.

Abstract Background The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a proposed standardized radiology reporting scheme for MRIs in brain tumor patients. A website was created to introduce the classification system and to promote its use during daily radiology readouts with trainees. Objectives To demonstrate how a website can help implement a structured reporting at a tertiary academic facility. Methods A website, www.btrads.com , including visual aids and an interactive scoring tool was developed to educate trainees about a structured reporting system for brain tumor MRIs. Number of website visitors, resource downloads, and scoring tool users was gathered during the study period of May 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019. Authors surveyed a group of 71 radiology trainees and 34 faculty physicians who care for brain tumor patients to assess the perceived educational and clinical value of BT-RADS. Results The website was visited by 10,058 unique users in one year. The most commonly downloaded support material was the full guide (382 downloads). The interactive scoring tool was used 267 times. The use of BT-RADS at a single institution over 12 months reached over 70%. While survey results from trainees did not reach statistical significance, faculty oncologists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists felt that BTRADS was a valuable clinical tool that improved interdisciplinary communication, facilitated educational discussions, and helped make treatment decisions. Conclusion A website designed to implement a novel structured radiology report facilitated template acceptance across a large neuroradiology section. Groups seeking to modify reporting practices should consider using a website. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Effects of the Medial Plateau Bearing Insert Conformity on Mid-Flexion Paradoxical Motion in a Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Design.

Abstract Background One of the most common kinematic abnormalities reported for posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design is paradoxical anterior sliding during early and mid-flexion. PS TKAs have been designed such that the cam-post mechanism does not engage until later in flexion, making these implants vulnerable to anterior sliding during early and mid-flexion. The objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanical effect of increasing bearing conformity on a PS TKA. Methods Using a validated computational model of the knee joint, the sagittal conformity of the medial plateau of a PS TKA design was altered. Three scenarios were created and evaluated for mechanics: (1) baseline conformity, (2) increased conformity, and (3) decreased conformity. Results From full extension to approximately 70° of knee flexion, the medial condyle demonstrated minimal anterior sliding for the increased medial conformity design but revealed anterior sliding of 2 and 4 mm for the baseline and decreased conformity designs, respectively. After cam-post engagement, the medial condyle consistently rolled back for all 3 designs. The lateral condyle experienced consistent rollback throughout the entire flexion range for all 3 designs. However, femorotibial contact force was higher for the increased conformity design, peaking at 3.13 times body weight (×BW) compared to 3.0 × BW contact force for other 2 designs. Conclusion Increasing medial conformity of the bearing insert appears to reduce mid-flexion sliding for PS TKA designs, although this comes at the expense of increased femorotibial forces. This could be due to kinematic conflicts that may be introduced with highly constraining designs.
Creating a pediatric advisory board for engaging youth in pediatric health research: A case study

Youth are an understudied population requiring additional safeguards when participating in research. Their input is necessary to facilitate participation and interest in studies. To address this, Mayo Clinic established one of the first pediatric advisory boards (PAB) comprised of 18 diverse youth aged 11-17. The PAB members participated in quarterly meetings (in person and then by video conference with the advent of COVID-19) where they provided feedback to researchers on recruitment strategies, study materials, and procedures. The PAB meetings fostered bidirectional conversations with researchers on several health research topics, including mental health. Youth advisory boards can promote engagement in pediatric research.
Assessment of Lateral Rotation Percentage and Rotational Deformity of the Elbow in Type 3 Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Biomechanical Study.

Background Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are the most common elbow fractures in children. Historically, displaced (Gartland type 3) SCH fractures have been treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Fluoroscopic imaging is used intraoperatively in order to assess adequate reduction of the fracture fragments before pinning. On lateral fluoroscopic and radiographic images, a lateral rotation percentage (LRP) can be estimated in order to assess rotational deformity. The purpose of this study was to determine the true rotational deformity of distal humerus fracture fragments in SCH fractures based upon the LRP using a clinically relevant laterally based pinning technique. Methods In this study, a sawbones model was used to examine the correlation between calculated LRP and the true degree of rotational deformity with 3 of the most common extension-type SCH fracture types (low transverse, high transverse, and lateral oblique). Because fracture stability was not the focus of this study, a single pin was used to hold the construct and allow for fragment rotation along a fixed axis. In this study, 2 of the authors independently measured rotational deformity and compared this with LRP on fluoroscopic lateral imaging of a sawbones model at 0 to 45 degrees of rotational deformity. Results The LRP of all 3 patterns demonstrated a near linear increase from 0 to 45 degrees with maximum LRP measured at 45 degrees for each of the 3 patterns. Univariate linear regression demonstrated an increase in LRP for the low transverse pattern of 2.02% for every degree of rotation deformity (R2=0.97), 2.29% for the lateral oblique pattern (R2=0.986), and 1.17% for the high transverse pattern (R2=0.971). Maximum LRP was measured at 45 degrees for all 3 patterns with a mean of 53.5% for the high transverse pattern, 93.5% for the low transverse pattern, and 111.2% for the lateral oblique pattern. A higher LRP was measured with increasing degrees of rotational displacement in the low transverse and lateral oblique patterns for all degrees of rotational deformity compared to the high transverse pattern. Conclusion There is a near linear correlation between the degree of malrotation and the LRP with more superior metaphyseal fracture patterns demonstrating a lower LRP than inferior fracture patterns. Clinical relevance Using our data one can estimate the degree of malrotation based on the LRP on radiographs in the clinical setting. Level of evidence Not applicable (basic-science article).
Value Relevance of Non-Accounting Financial Information

Investors and analysts have called for more timely disclosure of corporate information. Responding to these demands, some retail firms issue comparable store sales (CSS) on a monthly or a quarterly basis in addition to an annual basis. This study examines whether a timely disclosure of CSS provides value-relevant information to market participants by examining investors' and financial analysts' responses at the time of CSS disclosures (short-horizon) and over the month or the quarter (long-horizon). We find that both monthly and quarterly CSS are associated with contemporaneous market returns and analyst forecast revisions. More importantly, we find that quarterly CSS news becomes less important to investors when firms provide more timely CSS information, indicating that monthly CSS reports may preempt the information content of quarterly CSS. Additional tests show that investors and analysts rely less on CSS if CSS news and earnings (sales) news are inconsistent.
As nurses, are we meeting the unique needs of the intact client?

Purpose Current routine circumcision rates declined indicating a procedure reduction and because of this, nurses will encounter more intact male patients. Best practices are needed to provide appropriate, safe nursing care. The research aim was to understand what American nurses presently know about intact care and if any knowledge deficits exist. Design and methods The research was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design. American nurses currently in practice were invited to participate in a survey distributed via social media groups for nursing professionals. No incentive was offered for participation. An author-developed instrument was used to assess knowledge levels regarding intact care. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics as there was no intervention. Methods American nurses currently in practice were invited to participate in a survey distributed via social media groups for nursing professionals. No incentive was offered for participation. An author-developed instrument was used to assess knowledge levels regarding intact care. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics as there was no intervention. Results A convenient sample of 345 nursing professionals participated indicating an intact care knowledge deficit across the lifespan. Fourteen percent of respondents did not indicate that replacing the foreskin back over the glans was necessary with adult genital hygiene for intact patients. In pediatrics, 41.7% answered yes to the item statement "Do you retract the foreskin of an infant male child for catheter placement." Practice implications The results indicate a knowledge deficit among American nurses regarding genital hygiene, particularly for pediatric patients. Practicing without knowledge of intact care that scientifically based can endanger the caring relationship between nurse and patient, resulting in physical harm and may open themselves and their health systems to legal liability.
The nitrate radical (NO 3 ) oxidation of alpha-pinene is a significant source of secondary organic aerosol and organic nitrogen under simulated ambient nighttime conditions

Abstract. The reaction of α-pinene with NO3 is an important sink of both α-pinene and NO3 at night in regions with mixed biogenic and anthropogenic emissions; however, there is debate on its importance for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and reactive nitrogen budgets in the atmosphere. Previous experimental studies have generally observed low or zero SOA formation, often due to excessive [NO3] conditions. Here, we characterize the SOA and organic nitrogen formation from α-pinene + NO3 as a function of nitrooxy peroxy (nRO2) radical fates with HO2, NO, NO3, and RO2 in an atmospheric chamber. We show that SOA yields are not small when the nRO2 fate distribution in the chamber mimics that in the atmosphere, and the formation of pinene nitrooxy hydroperoxide (PNP) and related organonitrates in the ambient can be reproduced. Nearly all SOA from α-pinene + NO3 chemistry derives from the nRO2 + nRO2 pathway, which alone has an SOA mass yield of 65 (±9) %. Molecular composition analysis shows that particulate nitrates are a large (60–70 %) portion of the SOA, and that dimer formation is the primary mechanism of SOA production from α-pinene + NO3 under simulated nighttime conditions. We estimate an average nRO2 + nRO2 → ROOR branching ratio of ~18 %. Synergistic dimerization between nRO2 and RO2 derived from ozonolysis and OH oxidation also contribute to SOA formation, and should be considered in models. We report a 58 (±20) % molar yield of PNP from the nRO2 + HO2 pathway. Applying these laboratory constraints to model simulations of summertime conditions observed in the Southeast United States (where 80 % of α-pinene is lost via NO3 oxidation, leading to 20 % nRO2 + nRO2 and 45 % nRO2 + HO2) , we estimate yields of 13% SOA and 9% particulate nitrate by mass, and 26 % PNP by mole, from α-pinene + NO3 in the ambient. These results suggest that α-pinene + NO3 significantly contributes to the SOA budget, and likely constitutes a major removal pathway of reactive nitrogen from the nighttime boundary layer in mixed biogenic/anthropogenic areas.
Perceptions, Satisfactions, and Performance of Undergraduate Students During Covid-19 Emergency Remote Teaching.

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the education system worldwide faced sudden and unforeseen challenges. Many academic institutions closed their doors, forcing both educators and students to transition to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) for the remainder of the semester. This transition eliminated hands-on experiences, increased workload, and altered curricula. However, these aspects, as well as students' perceptions, study habits, and performance in response to ERT remain poorly documented. This contribution describes changes in the curriculum of an undergraduate cadaver-based laboratory, and explores students' performance, self-perceived learning, and overall satisfaction during this educational crisis. Online content delivery for this course included both asynchronous instruction and synchronous discussion sessions. While formative assessments remained the same, online spotter examinations included short answer, multiple choice, multiple answer, ordering, and true and false questions. Despite examination grades improving 20% during ERT, students reported lower levels of learning, confidence, and engagement with the course materials when compared to the face-to-face portion of the class. The most prevalent challenges identified by students were those related to the loss of access to cadaver-based learning, including difficulty identifying and visualizing structures in three dimensions, and the loss of context and sensorial cues. Flexibility in taking examinations and learning the material at their own pace were recognized as positive outcomes of the ERT transition. While the resulting student perceptions and performances are unsurprising, they offer insight into the challenges of fostering a productive learning environment in a future threatened by epidemic outbreak and economic uncertainty.
Terrorism Coverage and the Fear of Terrorism

Taking the terror out of terrorism is the surest way to make this form of violence unappealing, but the strategies for achieving this goal are unclear. This project examines the potential for the mass media to desensitize the public to acts of terrorism. The media is usually seen as advancing the interests of terrorist organizations by heightening public anxieties about future terrorism, but work on “fear extinction” suggests that frequent exposure to material about terrorist activity may have the opposite effect. We test this argument with an experiment designed to gauge the effects of exposing people to different doses of terrorism coverage on a range of human emotions.
Observable Signatures of Young Galaxies

I review theoretical expectations for the probable appearance of galaxies during their formation phase, placing particular emphasis on the uncertainties in these ideas. Recent models suggest that formation may occur relatively recently, but that young galaxies are less spectacular than previously supposed. They may be analogous to recently discovered high red-shift radio galaxies, and indeed they may have been observed directly in faint galaxy counts. I summarise several other lines of evidence which suggest that galaxy formation may have been a recent process. Finally I give preliminary results from a detailed analytic study of the observable properties of young galaxies in a Cold Dark Matter universe. Predictions are given for faint galaxy counts and redshift distributions, and for the galaxy luminosity function.
Tweeting from the Town Square: Measuring Geographic Local Networks

This paper examines tweets about two geographically local events—a shooting and a building collapse—that took place in Wichita, Kansas and Atlanta, Georgia, respectively. Most Internet research has focused on examining ways the Internet can connect people across long distances, yet there are benefits to being connected to others who are nearby. People in close geographic proximity can provide real-time information and eyewitness updates for one another about events of local interest. We first show a relationship between structural properties in the Twitter network and geographic properties in the physical world. We then describe the role of mainstream news in disseminating local information. Last, we present a poll of 164 users’ information seeking practices. We conclude with practical and theoretical implications for sharing information in local communities.
Sensitivity of Storage Field Performance to Geologic and Cavern Design Parameters in Salt Domes.

A sensitivity study was performed utilizing a three dimensional finite element model to assess allowable cavern field sizes in strategic petroleum reserve salt domes. A potential exists for tensile fracturing and dilatancy damage to salt that can compromise the integrity of a cavern field in situations where high extraction ratios exist. The effects of salt creep rate, depth of salt dome top, dome size, caprock thickness, elastic moduli of caprock and surrounding rock, lateral stress ratio of surrounding rock, cavern size, depth of cavern, and number of caverns are examined numerically. As a result, a correlation table between the parameters and the impact on the performance of a storage field was established. In general, slower salt creep rates, deeper depth of salt dome top, larger elastic moduli of caprock and surrounding rock, and a smaller radius of cavern are better for structural performance of the salt dome.
Is Turnabout Fair Play With Al Qaeda

The End of Reciprocity: Terror, Torture, and the Law of War. By Osiel Mark. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 667 pp., $45.00 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-521-73014-3). In its ongoing armed conflict with Al Qaeda, should the US government employ indefinite detention without trial, coercive interrogation/torture and/or targeted killing? In the last nine years, a veritable cottage publishing industry has developed around these issues (e.g., Levinson 2004; Posner 2006; Guiora 2008; Plaw 2008), raising the question of whether there is anything new to say of real import. In his book, The End of Reciprocity: Terror, Torture and the Law of War , the University of Iowa's Mark Osiel puts any such doubts to rest, offering a wide-ranging analysis that is both novel and compelling. Osiel argues, contrary to conventional wisdom, that there is a compelling case both for the legality and for the morality of these controversial practices (despite the Bush administration's failure to articulate it), but in the case of indefinite detention and coercive interrogation/torture there are more important public policy considerations that militate against their use. The normative question at the heart of the book is “whether humanitarian law should operate reciprocally”—that is, should it permit one “to behave toward another as one perceives the other behaving toward oneself” (p. 17). For example, should Al Qaeda's flagrant crimes against the United States justify Washington in responding with the indefinite detention, interrogation/torture, and/or targeting of its leaders (p. 4)? In the first part of the book Osiel forcefully argues that the principle of reciprocity continues to occupy a central place in humanitarian law, especially in light of state practice and the customary law that it shapes (pp. 68–110). The implication, he suggests, “is to undermine the …
Multiple squamous cell carcinomas involving the cervix, vagina, and vulva: the theory of multicentric origin.

Abstract 1. 1. The case histories of 7 patients, each of whom was treated for primary squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix and the vulva, are reported. One of these patients also presented a third primary lesion, a squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. In another of these patients, a carcinoma of the vagina was noted whose primary nature was strongly suggested but could not be proved. 2. 2. The concept of multicentricity of origin of carcinoma within an epithelial field bearing a neoplastic potential is discussed. Consideration is given to the experimental and clinical evidence which is incompatible with a unicentric origin of certain neoplasms. 3. 3. The possible role of irradiation in the etiology of multiple neoplasms is discussed in view of other reports and the fact that 4 of the 7 patients in this group presented a carcinoma of the vulva subsequent to irradiation for cervical carcinoma. 4. 4. The problem of late “recurrence” of carcinoma after adequate treatment and apparent cure of cervical carcinoma in situ is considered. Emphasis is given to the possibility that the vaginal lesion may not be a true recurrence but instead a new or a continuing malignant growth in a residual area of a predisposed epithelial field. 5. 5. The gynecologist, encountering a lesion of the cervix, vagina, or vulva, must be cognizant of the potential of multicentric neoplastic change in this large epithelial field. In treating a lesion in one area, he must exclude neoplastic activity in other areas of the field. If none is detected in other areas, he must nevertheless be aware in his follow-up of the patient that this sensitized or predisposed field may subsequently demonstrate malignant change.
Resonant tunneling in the quantum Hall regime: measurement of fractional charge

In experiments on resonant tunneling through a quantum antidot in the quantum Hall (QH) regime, periodic conductance peaks are observed both as a function of magnetic field and back-gate voltage. A combination of the two periods constitutes a measurement of the charge of the tunneling particles and implies that charge deficiency on the antidot is quantized in units of the charge of quasiparticles of the surrounding quantum Hall condensate. The experiment yields values for the electron charge of 1.57 × 10 −19C= (0.98 ± 0.03)e for v = 1 and 2 integer QH, and for the quasi-particle charge 5.20 × 10−20C= (0.325 ± 0.01)e for v = 1/3 fractional QH effect.
h p -finite element trace inequalities for the pyramid

Polynomial trace inequalities typically involve an unknown constant, depending on the order N of the polynomial. The dependence of these constants on N was made more explicit in Warburton and Hesthaven (2003) for the general d -simplex, and they were determined for quadrilaterals, hexes, and wedges in Hillewaert (2013). In this note, we derive explicit expressions for the constant in the trace inequality for two sets of basis functions on the pyramid.
Sustainability, Health and Precautionary Perspectives on Lawn Pesticides, and Alternatives

This article considers health concerns associated with lawn pesticide use and potential policy actions to address those concerns. We first briefly present the generations of pesticide technology, and then apply a sustainability lens to consider the dissipative use of persistent compounds. We enumerate uncertainties in available science and gaps in toxicity testing of pesticides, along with potential for exposure and evidence of harm from lawn pesticide exposure. We consider how a precautionary approach complements a sustainability perspective and detailed scientific findings, and then briefly present practical approaches to reducing use of lawn pesticides. Finally, we highlight factors pivotal for successful policy to limit lawn pesticide use.