cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Expression of the Soluble Form of the Family IIIa Cellulose Binding Domain from the Cellulosomal Scaffolding Protein of Clostridium cellulovorans

The planar and anchoring residues of the family IIIa cellulose binding domain (CBD) from the cellulosomal scaffolding protein of Clostridium cellulovorans were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and cellulose binding studies. By fusion with maltose binding protein, the family IIIa recombinant wild-type and mutant CBDs from C. cellulovorans were expressed as soluble forms. Cellulose binding tests of the mutant CBDs indicated that the planar strip residues played a major role in cellulose binding and that the anchoring residues played only a minor role.
The Dominance of the National Union in American Labor Organization

The forms of trade-union grouping, 455. — Varying inter-relations of these forms in different periods, 456. — Dominance of the national union since 1897, 458. — I. Control over the local unions, 458. — Increase both in degree and extent, 459. — II. Control over the American Federation of Labor, 461. — Attempts to weaken this control, 464. — III. Control over the city federations, 465. — Rules regulating their composition, 469. — Rules regulating their activities, 471. — IV. Control over trades councils, 474. — Illustrated by building trades councils, 475. — Development of Building Trades Department, 476. — Rules regulating the activities of local councils, 476. — Inability of the Department to enforce its rules, 479.
An Animal Model with a Cardiomyocyte-Specific Deletion of Estrogen Receptor Alpha: Functional, Metabolic, and Differential Network Analysis

Estrogen exerts diverse biological effects in multiple tissues in both animals and humans. Much of the accumulated knowledge on the role of estrogen receptor (ER) in the heart has been obtained from studies using ovariectomized mice, whole body ER gene knock-out animal models, ex vivo heart studies, or from isolated cardiac myocytes. In light of the wide systemic influence of ER signaling in regulating a host of biological functions in multiple tissues, it is difficult to infer the direct role of ER on the heart. Therefore, we developed a mouse model with a cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the ERα allele (cs-ERα−/−). Male and female cs-ERα−/− mice with age/sex-matched wild type controls were examined for differences in cardiac structure and function by echocardiogram and differential gene expression microarray analysis. Our study revealed sex-differences in structural parameters in the hearts of cs-ERα−/− mice, with minimal functional differences. Analysis of microarray data revealed differential variations in the expression of 208 genes affecting multiple transcriptional networks. Furthermore, we report sex-specific differences in the expression of 56 genes. Overall, we developed a mouse model with cardiac-specific deletion of ERα to characterize the role of ERα in the heart independent of systemic effects. Our results suggest that ERα is involved in controlling the expression of diverse genes and networks in the cardiomyocyte in a sex-dependent manner.
Temporal Recruitment of Transcription Factors and SWI/SNF Chromatin-Remodeling Enzymes during Adipogenic Induction of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Nuclear Hormone Receptor

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis, and roles have emerged for this receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. We report here that induction of the PPARγ activator and adipogenesis forced by overexpression of adipogenic regulatory proteins is blocked upon expression of dominant-negative BRG1 or hBRM, the ATPase subunits of distinct SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzymes. We demonstrate that histone hyperacetylation and the binding of C/EBP activators, polymerase II (Pol II), and general transcription factors (GTFs) initially occurred at the inducible PPARγ2 promoter in the absence of SWI/SNF function. However, the polymerase and GTFs were subsequently lost from the promoter in cells expressing dominant-negative SWI/SNF, explaining the inhibition of PPARγ2 expression. To corroborate these data, we analyzed interactions at the PPARγ2 promoter in differentiating preadipocytes. Changes in promoter structure, histone hyperacetylation, and binding of C/EBP activators, Pol II, and most GTFs preceded the interaction of SWI/SNF enzymes with the PPARγ2 promoter. However, transcription of the PPARγ2 gene occurred only upon subsequent association of SWI/SNF and TFIIH with the promoter. Thus, induction of the PPARγ nuclear hormone receptor during adipogenesis requires SWI/SNF enzymes to facilitate preinitiation complex function.
Motivational Factors Predict Weight Loss in Rural Adults.

Objective The objective was to: (a) describe the changes over time in motivational factors of weight loss and (b) to examine predictors of weight loss in rural adults enrolled in a weight loss program. Design and Sample A longitudinal study was conducted in a convenience sample of 50 adults recruited from a rural Young Men's Christian Association. Measures Questionnaires were completed at baseline (preprogram), 1, 2 and 3 months (end of program). Results Mean age was 42.4 (SD ± 11.8); 84% were female and mean BMI was 32.9 (SD ± 4.3). Individuals lost an average of 12.1 pounds. Barriers to healthy eating decreased significantly over time (p < .001). Significant predictors of weight loss included gender (β = .501, p < .001), and the amount of change between baseline and 3 months in controlled regulation (β = .270, p < .05), barriers to healthy eating (β = −0.225, p < .05), and physical activity (β = .238, p < .05) explaining 45% of the variance (F[(8, 41] = 5.92, p < .001) in weight loss. Conclusions Rural adults were more likely to lose weight if they had higher levels of controlled regulation, if barriers were reduced, and if physical activity levels increased during the 3-month weight loss program.
Will Commercialization of Open Source Drive the Volunteers Away

Open source software is proving its worth. But its commercialization presents questions and challenges from both the development and commercial profit sectors.
Probing Bose-Einstein condensates with light

We have established an experimental and theoretical program focused on understanding photon atom interactions in condensates with the aim of probing the properties of condensates as well as testing our models of the interactions themselves. With a combination of laser and evaporative cooling, we are routinely creating million atom Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms in the newly designed 4D magnet. Our experimental setup incorporates a candlestick atomic beam source, which provides for recirculation of uncollimated sodium atoms, The laser cooling step involves a zero-crossing Zeeman slower, magneto-optic trap, and polarization gradient cooling. The laser-cooled atom cloud is loaded into the 4D magnetic trap and adiabatically compressed to high density and an evaporative cooling process is initiated. Using a RF magnetic resonance technique, hot atoms are ejected through magnetic spin flips. After formation of the condensate in the tightly confining trap, we manipulate the condensate by adiabatically changing the trapping potential and through interaction with photons. We have developed a technique for probing the condensates directly inside the trap using near-resonant absorption imaging. This imaging technique gives high sensitivity to details of the condensate wavefunction and to its surface structure. Images of pure condensates are compared to calculations of the condensate wavefunction based on a Hartree mean field description of the two-body interaction between condensate atoms.
Archaeophytopathology of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the Soybean Rust Pathogen

Herbarium specimens are useful to compare attributes of the past to attributes of today and predictions into the future. In this study, herbarium specimens from 1887 to 2006 were used to identify Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae, the two known fungal species that cause soybean rust. Historically, these two species differed in geographic distribution, with P. pachyrhizi confined to Asia and Australia, and P. meibomiae confined to the Americas. In our analyses, herbarium specimens were used to determine whether it was possible to extract adequate useful DNA from the fungal structures. If present, quantitative PCR primers specific to P. pachyrhizi, P. meibomiae, or to a third group inclusive of many rust species could be used to speciate the fungus. Of the 38 archival specimens, 11 were positive for P. pachyrhizi, including a 1912 specimen from Japan; 15 were positive for P. meibomiae, including a 1928 specimen from Brazil and two 1923 specimens from the Philippines; and 12 (including all African acces...
Protein kinase C regulation of organic anion transport in renal proximal tubule

Fluorescence microscopy and digital image analysis were used to examine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the control of organic anion (fluorescein, FL) transport in killifish renal proximal tu...
Noninvasive estimation of coefficients to individualize standard arterial input function and increased fraction of CBF in rest and acetazolamide split-dose I-123-IMP SPECT

1994 Objectives To propose and validate a method to estimate coefficients (Cf) to individualize standard arterial input function and increased fraction of CBF without arterial blood sampling for rest and acetazolamide (ACZ) split-dose I-123 IMP SPECT with autoradiographic method. Methods Sixty-one patients (pts) with cerebrovascular disease (67±11 y old, M/F=36/25) were studied with split dose I-123 IMP (IMP) dynamic SPECT ( rest-ACZ: 56 pts, rest-rest: 5 pts). IMP (111MBq) was infused over 1 min for each dosing. After starting each dosing, dynamic brain SPECT data (14 rotations/28 min) were acquired. arterial blood sampling was done to measure Cf. Before second dose, ACZ (1000mg) was injected for rest-ACZ study. Time-activity curves (TACs) of whole brain were obtained from two dynamic SPECT images and were fitted to 2-compartment model using uncalibrated standard arterial input function to obtain a product of influx rate constant (K1: ml/min) and Cf (CfK1), and efflux rate constant (k2: 1/min) for both first and second dosing. The quotient (CfK1/k2) gave a product of Cf and distribution volume (Vd). The correlation between estimated CfVd from 2-compartment model analysis and measured Cf was investigated. Taking the ratio of CfK1 between two dosing data (K1R), K1R represented increased CBF fraction for the second dose. K1Rs from rest-ACZ and from rest-rest studies were compared. Results There was significant linear correlation between estimated CfVd and measured Cf (R=0.729, P Conclusions In split-dose IMP SPECT with autoradiographic method, Cf and increased CBF fraction could be estimated from the results of 2-compartment model analysis without blood sampling, and these values could be used for regional CBF mapping
Cold Hardiness of Two Species of Bark Beetles in California Forests

During past years reports of high mortality in bark beetle populations following periods of extreme cold have come from various parts of the country. Such reduction in the numbers of overwintering broods, of course, has a highly important bearing on the planning and directing of control operations. Consequently, when it was found that the abnormally low temperatures during the winter of 1932–33 had adversely affected overwintering broods of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec, from central California to Canada and into Montana, the greater portion of its natural range, Keen and Furniss (1937) made an extensive study in the pine forests of eastern Oregon to determine the conditions under which winter killing of this species takes place. They reported that extensive mortality can be expected to result from the periods of extremely cold winter weather that occur at irregular intervals of approximately 10 years, but that the amount of killing varies considerably with local temperature conditions in different areas, bark thickness and moisture content of the infested trees, and other factors.
Disaster neurology: A new practice opportunity and challenge for the neurologist

Headlines are filled with stories of the physical disability and loss of life that results from both natural and man-made disasters. The role of a neurologist as part of the response to these tragedies has moved from a supportive role to the front line. Recent earthquakes in Haiti and Japan as well as military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have demonstrated an increased need for nonsurgical neurologic care. Disaster neurology has become attractive to neurologists at many stages of their careers. Employed, academic, and private practice neurologists all have the potential to embrace this opportunity to apply their clinical skills to help others in need of care. Neurologists interested in engaging in disaster relief efforts should have the ability to respond to a situation quickly with the flexibility of devoting several weeks to the response effort.
Experimental Methods in Attitude Control

CubeSats are miniature satellites used in various spacecraft applications, such as remote sensors, tethers, and biological experiments. Their low cost and small size allows these satellites to be good candidates for new research investment. These pico-satellites have the potential to revolutionize space operations in commercial industry, educational research, and governmental projects. Many CubeSats mainly rely on permanent magnets or magnetic coils for attitude control, while others lack an attitude control system entirely. The space environment mandates the need for orientation control, and pointing accuracy has become essential in the success of space missions dealing with such tasks as observation, data collection, and/or communication. The proposed solution, as stated in this paper, is to utilize commercially manufactured DC motors as actuators to mitigate the lack of attitude control. Conventional radio-controlled servomechanisms contain miniaturized, sophisticated, and inexpensive technology; their effectiveness as actuators was tested in a microgravity environment with mild success. Future successful flights may demonstrate that the approach considered provides a low-cost and highly effective solution to pico-satellite attitude control.
Role of surface charging in the breakdown of forty-five degree insulators subjected to high voltage nanosecond excitation

A bridged vacuum gap generally fails at a potential lower than that of a corresponding unbridged gap. For pulsed systems a 45 degree contact angle has been found to exhibit enhanced hold off capability. Despite the improved capabilities, the 45 degree insulator will ultimatly fail due to mechanisms which are not well understood. The results reported here attempt to correlate the existance of surface charge on an insulator with hold off capabilities. Results tend to indicate that the +45 degree insulator exhibits less charging than that for other angles resulting in less field enhancement and a resulting higher hold off capability.
GAS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

As the substitute fuel of vehicles, natural gas has many advantages, such as the abundant reserves, low prices, high octane number, great combustibility, low sulphur, low nitrogen, no ash, little environmental pollution and so on. But, now, compressed natural gas storage technology has some shortcomings such as high gas storage pressure, low gas storage capacity, short running mileage and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to research the gas storage technology of natural gas vehicle. This paper mainly studied five kinds of gas storage technology of natural gas vehicle and pointed out that adsorption and near critical fluid store natural gas technology will possess the promising application future in the natural gas vehicle field.
Magnetic resonance imaging provides sensitive in vivo assessment of experimental ventilator-induced lung injury

Animal models play a critical role in the study of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). One limitation has been the lack of a suitable method for serial assessment of acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess ALI in real time in rat models of VILI. Sprague-Dawley rats were untreated or treated with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide or PBS. After 48 h, animals were mechanically ventilated for up to 15 h to induce VILI. Free induction decay (FID)-projection images were made hourly. Image data were collected continuously for 30 min and divided into 13 phases of the ventilatory cycle to make cinematic images. Interleaved measurements of respiratory mechanics were performed using a flexiVent ventilator. The degree of lung infiltration was quantified in serial images throughout the progression or resolution of VILI. MRI detected VILI significantly earlier (3.8 ± 1.6 h) than it was detected by altered lung mechanics (9.5 ± 3.9 h, P = 0.0156). Animals with VILI had a significant increase in the Index of Infiltration (P = 0.0027), and early regional lung infiltrates detected by MRI correlated with edema and inflammatory lung injury on histopathology. We were also able to visualize and quantify regression of VILI in real time upon institution of protective mechanical ventilation. Magnetic resonance lung imaging can be utilized to investigate mechanisms underlying the development and propagation of ALI, and to test the therapeutic effects of new treatments and ventilator strategies on the resolution of ALI.
Cities as Arenas for Participatory Learning in Global Citizenship

Publics everywhere are becoming increasingly conscious of their interdependence with the rest of the world—as they pay for fuel and food, encounter security checks at the airport and consume the products of multinational corporations.
A phase I study determining the safety and tolerability of combination therapy with pazopanib, a VEGFR/PDGFR/raf inhibitor, and GSK1120212, a MEK inhibitor, in advanced solid tumors enriched with patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer.

TPS3117 Background: Mutations of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, especially RAS, BRAF and IGF-I/II receptor genes play a critical role in the development of many different types of cancers, ...
Quality of life independently predicts long-term mortality but not vascular events: the Northern Manhattan Study.

Cardiovascular disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, and prevention relies on accurate identification of those at risk. Studies of the association between quality of life (QOL) and mortality and vascular events incompletely accounted for depression, cognitive status, social support, and functional status, all of which have an impact on vascular outcomes. We hypothesized that baseline QOL is independently associated with long-term mortality in a large, multi-ethnic urban cohort. In the prospective, population-based Northern Manhattan Study, Spitzer QOL index (SQI, range 0–10, with ten signifying the highest QOL) was assessed at baseline. Participants were followed over a median 11 years for stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and vascular and non-vascular death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (HR, 95% CI) for each outcome, with SQI as the main predictor, dichotomized at 10, adjusting for baseline demographics, vascular risk factors, history of cancer, social support, cognitive status, depression, and functional status. Among 3298 participants, mean age was 69.7 + 10.3 years; 1795 (54.5%) had SQI of 10. In fully adjusted models, SQI of 10 (compared to SQI <10) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.90), vascular death (0.81, 0.69–0.97), non-vascular death (0.78, 0.67–0.91), and stroke or MI or death (0.82, 0.74–0.91). In fully adjusted competing risk models, there was no association with stroke (0.93, 0.74–1.17), MI (0.98, 0.75–1.28), and stroke or MI (1.03, 0.86–1.24). Results were consistent when SQI was analyzed continuously. In this large population-based cohort, highest QOL was inversely associated with long-term mortality, vascular and non-vascular, independently of baseline primary vascular risk factors, social support, cognition, depression, and functional status. QOL was not associated with non-fatal vascular events.
Parameter estimation of nonlinear nitrate prediction model using genetic algorithm

We attack the problem of predicting nitrate concentrations in a stream by using a genetic algorithm to minimize the difference between observed and predicted concentrations on hydrologic nitrate concentration model based on a US Geological Survey collected data set. Nitrate plays a significant role in maintaining ecological balance in aquatic ecosystems and any advances in nitrate prediction accuracy will improve our understanding of the non-linear interplay between the factors that impact aquatic ecosystem health. We compare the genetic algorithm tuned model against the LOADEST estimation tool in current use by hydrologists, and against a random forest, generalized linear regression, decision tree, and gradient booted tree and show that the genetic algorithm does statistically significantly better. These results indicate that genetic algorithms are a viable approach to tuning such non-linear, hydrologic models.
Students Taking Action in Los Angeles Schools: An Ethnographic Case Study of Student Activism in the United States

It is not uncommon for police officers, or school resource officers, to permanently occupy space and authority within schools in the United States today. This chapter provides an ethnographic case study of the political activism of students who are challenging the criminalization of school discipline, and the militarization of school police, in public schools in Los Angeles, California. Over the last decade, student activism has been vigorous, and critical to reforming school policies and practices in Los Angeles public schools. Using data gathered from a year of participant observations, the chapter illustrates the political actions of students, and their successful efforts for policy reform in their schools.
Moving Institutional Logics Forward: Emotion and Meaningful Material Practice:

Institutional theory, and the institutional logics approach in particular, lacks the feelings that produce, sustain and disrupt institutional practice. This is due in part to rational, instrumental...
UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIVE FRACTURE AND PERMEABILITY ENHANCEMENT

We are using our stress-wave propagation codes to calculate explosive fracture and permeability enhancement. These codes calculate the attenuating high-intensity stress wave propagating from the explosion center and how it displaces and alters the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock. We have introduced two code calculable fracture parameters into the codes. One is the shear-failure-associated distortional strain which correlates well with experimental observations of intensity and extent of fracture. The other is the residual tensile-failure-associated void volume, which correlates well with permeability measurements.
Decision-making strategy for cogeneration power systems integration in the Lebanese electricity grid

Abstract Cogeneration and trigeneration systems can contribute to the reduction of primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in residential and tertiary sectors, by reducing fossil fuels demand and grid losses with respect to conventional systems. The cogeneration systems are characterized by a very high energy efficiency (80 to 90%) as well as a less polluting aspect compared to the conventional energy production. The integration of these systems into the energy network must simultaneously take into account their economic and environmental challenges. Moreover, the electricity distribution service can motivate the users of these systems by buying their residual electrical and thermal products. In this case, the "smart-grid" is the interface that manages the client-network interaction. In this paper, we will find the best cogeneration power that had to be integrated in the Lebanese electricity grid using a new decision-making technique.
Impact of residential displacement on healthcare access and mental health among original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City

Objectives As gentrification continues in New York City as well as other urban areas, residents of lower socioeconomic status maybe at higher risk for residential displacement. Yet, there have been few quantitative assessments of the health impacts of displacement. The objective of this paper is to assess the association between displacement and healthcare access and mental health among the original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City. Methods We used 2 data sources: 1) 2005–2014 American Community Surveys to identify gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City, and 2) 2006–2014 Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Our cohort included 12,882 residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in 2006 who had records of emergency department visits or hospitalization at least once every 2 years in 2006–2014. Rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations post-baseline were compared between residents who were displaced and those who remained. Results During 2006–2014, 23% were displaced. Compared with those who remained, displaced residents were more likely to make emergency department visits and experience hospitalizations, mainly due to mental health (Rate Ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 2.2), after controlling for baseline demographics, health status, healthcare utilization, residential movement, and the neighborhood of residence in 2006. Conclusions These findings suggest negative impacts of displacement on healthcare access and mental health, particularly among adults living in urban areas and with a history of frequent emergency department visits or hospitalizations.
A new perspective on dental malpractice: Practice enhancement through risk management

ABSTRACT Background Risk management in dentistry has been developed over the years by concentrating on recording treatment in dental records and informing patients of the proposed treatment before treating them. This article advances the concept of risk management through higher involvement of the entire office staff by increasing communication with patients. Conclusions By integrating practice management concepts with risk management techniques, dentists can reduce risk management exposure and improve patients' awareness, understanding and follow-through on the treatment of their dental needs. Practice Implications Practice enhancement through risk management not only improves patient care and reduces risk exposure, but it also brings the dental team together in an effort to improve patient care. In this way, the office will have improved patient acceptance of proposed dental care and an increase in office growth.
Automated Quantification of Fragmented Red Blood Cells: Neonatal Reference Intervals and Clinical Disorders of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients with High Values.

Background Schistocytes are circulating erythrocyte fragments. They can be identified microscopically from a blood smear; but automated systems evaluate more cells and avoid inconsistencies in microscopy. Studies using adult subjects indicate that automated quantification of schistocytes can be clinically useful. However, reference intervals for automated schistocyte counts of neonates have not been published, and the relevance of a high automated schistocyte count from neonates has not been reported. Objectives Using retrospective automated neonatal complete blood count (CBC) data, we created reference intervals for fragmented red cells (FRCs) and sought to discover the clinical conditions of neonates with high FRCs (above the upper reference interval). Results We created reference intervals based on 39,949 CBCs from 15,655 neonates 0-90 days old. The lower reference interval was 0 FRC/µL and the upper interval was 100,000/µL. The highest FRCs (96 CBCs from 44 neonates) were > 250,000/µL. These neonates clustered into the following groups: 37% had sepsis, 29% had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 17% had a genetic syndrome, 14% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and 7% had iron deficiency (some had more than one diagnosis). Based on the reference intervals, we divided the 39,949 FRC values into 3 groups: (1) 200,000/µL ("extremely elevated"). The odds that a microangiopathic condition (DIC, sepsis, NEC) or a microcytic disorder (iron deficiency) were present were significantly higher in the moderately elevated, and more so in the extremely elevated group. Conclusions Our study suggests that a high FRC could prompt investigation into, or inform follow-up of, a neonatal microangiopathic or extremely microcytic disorder.
Implementation of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries Initiative in Primary Care: An Outcome Evaluation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Older adult falls pose a growing burden on the U.S. health care system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) initiative was developed as a multifactorial approach to fall prevention that includes screening for fall risk, assessing for modifiable risk factors, and prescribing evidence-based interventions to reduce fall risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a STEADI initiative on medically treated falls within a large health care system in Upstate New York. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cohort study classified older adults who were screened for fall risk into 3 groups: (a) At-risk and no Fall Plan of Care (FPOC), (b) At-risk with a FPOC, and (c) Not-at-risk. Poisson regression examined the group's effect on medically treated falls when controlling for other variables. The sample consisted of 12,346 adults age 65 or older who had a primary care visit at one of 14 outpatient clinics between September 11, 2012, and October 30, 2015. A medically treated fall was defined as a fall-related treat-and-release emergency department visit or hospitalization. RESULTS Older adults at risk for fall with a FPOC were 0.6 times less likely to have a fall-related hospitalization than those without a FPOC (p = .041), and their postintervention odds were similar to those who were not at risk. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrated that implementation of STEADI fall risk screening and prevention strategies among older adults in the primary care setting can reduce fall-related hospitalizations and may lower associated health care expenditures.
Fauda and crisis

One of the more boring areas in the interpretation of Israeli culture today is the one dealing with texts that represent “the conflict.” Immediately, the sole question that guides interpretation in...
The intensity effect in adolescent close friendships: implications for aggressive and depressive symptomatology

This study examined the effect of close friendship intensity as a potential amplifier of an adolescent's preexisting tendencies toward depressive and aggressive symptoms. A diverse community sample of 170 adolescents and their closest friends was assessed via multiple methods, and adolescents were followed from age 16 to 17. Results supported the hypothesized effect, with more intense close friendships interacting with higher baseline levels of behavioral symptoms to predict greater relative increases in symptoms over time. Effects were observed for both depressive and aggressive symptoms, and appeared with respect to multiple observational measures of friendship intensity. Findings are interpreted as suggesting that seemingly disparate phenomena (e.g., co-rumination for depression and deviancy-training for aggression) may both be dependent upon the intensity of the adolescent's social connections.
Factors Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit Consider When Making Decisions About Patient Mobility

Background Early mobility interventions in the intensive care unit can improve patients' outcomes, yet they are not routinely implemented in many intensive care units. In an effort to identify opportunities to implement and sustain evidence-based practice, prior work has demonstrated that understanding the decision-making process of health professionals is critical for identifying opportunities to improve program implementation. Nurses are often responsible for mobilizing patients, but how they overcome barriers and make decisions to mobilize patients in the intensive care unit is not understood. Objective To describe processes that nurses in intensive care units use to make decisions and barriers that influence their decision-making about patient mobility. Methods An exploratory descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of registered nurses in 2 intensive care units at 2 hospitals was used. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed by using directed content analysis to identify categories that describe nurses' decision-making about patient mobility. Results Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 nurses in a 1-on-1 setting. Four main categories that influenced nurses' decision-making about mobility were identified in the directed content analysis: purpose of mobility, gathering information, establishing and activating the plan, and barriers to progressing the plan. Conclusions Deciding to mobilize patients in the intensive care unit is a multifaceted, individualized decision made by nurses, and numerous patient-, nurse-, and unit-related factors influence that decision. Future studies that target unit culture and interprofessional perspectives are needed.
New Evidence of the Bidentate Binding Mode in 3-MBA Protected Gold Clusters: Analysis of Aqueous 13-18 kDa Gold-Thiolate Clusters by HPLC-ESI-MS Reveals Special Compositions Aun(3-MBA)p, (n = 48-67, p = 26-30).

Gold clusters protected by 3-MBA ligands (MBA = mercaptobenzoic acid, –SPhCO2H) have attracted recent interest due to their unusual structures and their advantageous ligand-exchange and bioconjugation properties. Azubel et al. first determined the core structure of an Au68-complex, which was estimated to have 32 ligands (3-MBA groups). To explain the exceptional structure-composition and reaction properties of this complex, and its larger homologs, Tero et al. proposed a “dynamic stabilization” via carboxyl O–H––Au interactions. Herein, we report the first results of an integrated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) analysis of unfractionated samples of gold/3-MBA clusters, spanning a narrow size range 13.4 to 18.1 kDa. Using high-throughput procedures adapted from bio-macromolecule analyses, we show that integrated capillary high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS), based on aqueous-methanol mobile phases and ion-pairing reverse-phase chromatography, can separate several major components from the nanoclusters mixture that may be difficult to resolve by standard native gel electrophoresis due to their similar size and charge. For each component, one obtains a well-resolved mass spectrum, nearly free of adducts or signs of fragmentation. A consistent set of molecular mass determinations is calculated from detected charge-states tunable from 3− (or lower), to 2+ (or higher). One thus arrives at a series of new compositions (n, p) specific to the Au/3-MBA system. The smallest major component is assigned to the previously unknown (48, 26); the largest one is evidently (67, 30), vs. the anticipated (68, 32). Various explanations for this discrepancy are considered. A prospective is given for the various members of this novel series, along with a summary of the advantages and present limitations of the micro-scale integrated LC/MS approach in characterizing such metallic-core macro-molecules, and their derivatives.
Hypothyroidism following gastric sleeve surgery resolved by ingesting crushed thyroxine tablets

Bariatric procedures for weight loss have increased in the past few decades. Levothyroxine malabsorption has been reported following gastric bypass; however, few studies have addressed this issue after gastric sleeve procedures. Levothyroxine dosing is usually weight based and administered at approximately 1.6 μg/kg body weight. Absorption occurs mainly in the jejunum and upper ileum, which can be altered by gastric pH, other drugs, food, and other factors. We present a 35-year-old woman with longstanding iatrogenic hypothyroidism treated with thyroxine, whose thyroid-stimulating hormone level rose following a gastric sleeve procedure despite taking levothyroxine daily.
Linear and Nonlinear Analysis by Conjugate Analogy

A generalized force-displacement analogy for discrete structural systems is presented in terms of general structural matrices. It is shown that the conjugate structure concepts arise strictly from static and kinematic considerations, and that they are direct consequences of the assumption of small rotations. It is also demonstrated that the force-displacement analogies are independent of the material properties of the structure and are applicable to elasto-plastic and nonlinearly elastic structures as well as linearly elastic structures. A final example problem is included which contains a derivation of a flexibility matrix for a three-dimensional bar composed of an elasto-plastic or nonlinearly elastic material. The analysis of a space frame constructed of such a material is outlined.
Self-reported patient experience and quality of care among elderly patients with colon cancer.

33Background: Although studies have identified demographic and clinical factors associated with quality colorectal cancer care, the association between patient-reported experience of care and quali...
The Politics of Expertise in Cultural Labor: Arts, Work, and Inequalities: by Karen Patel, Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2020, 152 pp., $135.00 (Hardback), ISBN 978-1-78661-250-2

In Karen Patel’s The Politics of Expertise in Cultural Labor: Arts, Work, and Inequalities readers are posed with the question of how to value or appraise artists’ expertise and how, in turn, artis...
Understanding the US failure on coronavirus-an essay by Drew Altman.

The world has been staggered by the US’s disjointed response to covid-19, resulting in by far the highest case and death count globally. The die was cast by two fundamental policy decisions taken by the Trump administration, writes Drew Altman
Quantification of microbubble-induced sonothrombolysis in an ex vivo non-human primate model.

BACKGROUND In vitro studies with ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB) have reported that sono-thrombolysis can be achieved at high peak rarefactional acoustic pressure amplitudes (PRAPAs) using 0.25 and 1.05 MHz US frequencies. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to determine if these parameters work on an ex vivo physiological model of thrombosis. METHODS A thrombogenic device was placed in an ex vivo chronic arteriovenous shunt in juvenile baboons. Platelet accumulation was measured by dynamic imaging of the device and the 10 cm thrombus tail with 111 In-labeled platelets. After 15 minutes of thrombus formation, treatment with either low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) or low-dose rtPA + MB+US was performed for 20 minutes. Four US settings at 0.25% duty cycle were used: 0.25 MHz at PRAPAs of 1.20 and 2.20 MPa, and 1.05 MHz at 1.75 and 4.75 MPa. RESULTS Platelet accumulation was not inhibited by low-dose rtPA or MB with US alone. Platelet accumulation was significantly reduced with 0.25 MHz US at 2.20 PRAPA (P < .001) and with 1.05 MHz at 1.75 MPa and 4.75 MPa (P < .05) when used with MB and low-dose rtPA. Although this approach prevented platelet accumulation it did not cause thrombolysis on the device. CONCLUSIONS rtPA + MB + US (0.25 and 1.05 MHz) resulted in inhibition of platelet accumulation on the thrombogenic device when moderately high PRAPAs (≥1.75 MPa) were used. These results taken in context with lytic effects of US on myocardial microthrombi and direct effect on myocardial blood flow and function provide direction for the use of therapeutic US in acute coronary syndromes.
Using Shell models to investigate clumping in the wind of the O7Iaf + supergiant AzV83

Hot massive stars exhibit strong stellar winds that enrich the surrounding interstellar medium and affect the stars' evolution. However, the winds are inhomogeneous (clumped) and are difficult to model in radiative transfer codes. To produce more realistic spectra many codes use a volume-filling factor approach to incorporate the effects of clumping. While this approach is convenient it is simplistic. We introduce an alternative approach to incorporate clumping by assuming the wind is composed of dense spherical shells. Using this approach in the radiative transfer code CMFGEN we produce synthetic spectra for AzV83, an O7Iaf+ supergiant located in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The spectrum of AzV83 is rich in both photospheric and wind features, making it an ideal candidate with which to investigate the physical characteristics of stellar winds. Synthetic spectra are compared to the star's observed spectrum to better characterize the influence of clumped winds on spectral features, and to better understand the limitations of the volume-filling factor approach. The approach using spherical shells yields similar wind parameters to those obtained using the volume-filling factor approach although a slightly higher mass-loss rate is required to fit H$\alpha$. As expected, the interclump medium in the model with shells allows the high ionisation resonance transitions of N V and O VI to be fitted using $L_{\rm X-ray}/L_{\rm Bol} \approx 10^{-7}$ which is typically observed for O stars, and which is a factor of ten lower than needed with the volume-filling factor approach.
Validation of intraosseous delivery of valproic acid in a swine model of polytrauma

Background Intraosseous (IO) drug delivery may be necessary in emergency situations when intravenous access is unattainable. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has previously been shown to improve survival in preclinical models of lethal polytrauma. In this study, we sought to compare serum levels of intravenously and IO-delivered VPA, and to analyze the effect of IO-delivered VPA. Methods Swine were subjected to 40% blood volume hemorrhage, brain injury, femur fracture, rectus crush injury and liver laceration. After 1 hour of shock, animals were randomized (n=3/group) to receive normal saline resuscitation (control), normal saline+intravenous VPA 150 mg/kg (intravenous group) or normal saline +IO VPA 150 mg/kg (IO group). Serum levels of VPA were assessed between groups, and proteomics analyses were performed on IO and control groups on heart, lung and liver samples. Results Intravenous and IO serum VPA levels were similar at 1, 3, 5 and 7 hours after starting the infusion (p>0.05). IO-delivered VPA induced significant proteomics changes in the heart, lung and liver, which were most pronounced in the lung. Biologic processes affected included inflammation, metabolism and transcriptional & translational machinery. The control group had 0% survival, and the intravenous and IO group both had 100% survival to the end of the experiment (p Discussion IO-delivered VPA is noninferior to intravenous administration and is a viable option in emergent situations when intravenous access is unattainable. Level of evidence Not applicable (animal study).
Nanomagnonics with artificial spin ice

Abstract Traditional electronics employs charge currents to control and transmit information and therefore suffer from energy dissipation due to electron scattering. In the past decade, spin waves (magnons) have been discussed as a more efficient alternative. An important aspect of computing based on magnons is the resonant dynamics' reconfigurability. From this end, nanomagnonics with artificial spin ice offers a wealth of possibilities to control the dynamics. This perspective article reviews experimental and theoretical works on the resonant excitations in the GHz frequency range in artificial spin ice, promising for realizing functional magnonic devices. We discuss both the theoretical formulation and experimental methods to characterize the dynamics in the nanomagnetic arrays. The central part of this perspective is devoted to recent developments targeting full control of the dynamics based on the reprogrammability of the spin-ice microstate with the ultimate goal to realize novel functional devices for logics, computation, and storage concepts based on magnons.
Phosphorus retention in lakes: A critical reassessment of hypotheses and static models

Abstract Four pairs of competing hypotheses for phosphorus (P) retention in lakes are assessed and 39 static models in three types, namely mechanistic, semi-mechanistic, and strictly-empirical models, are evaluated. Mechanistic models are only based on the physical representation of lakes and basic hypotheses; hence, we used their pairwise comparison to assess the superiority of the hypotheses. The results showed that (i) simulating lakes as mixed-flow reactor is superior to plug-flow reactor hypothesis; (ii) modeling P loss as a second-order reaction outperforms the first-order reaction; (iii) P loss is better explained as a removal process throughout the lake volume than as a settling process across the sediments; and (iv) considering a fraction of P loading is associated with fast settling particles enhances lake total phosphorus (TP) predictions. The preeminent mechanistic model combines, for the first time, the second-order reaction hypothesis with the hypothesis that a specific proportion of P loading settles rapidly at the lake entrance. The comparison of the three model types showed that semi-mechanistic models outperform both mechanistic and strictly-empirical models since they take the form of a mechanistic model based on the physical representation of the lakes and utilize statistically acquired equations for unknown parameters. The best-fit model is a semi-mechanistic model that adopts the mixed-flow reactor hypothesis with a second-order volumetric reaction rate that is calculated as a non-linear function of inflow TP concentration, lake average depth, and water retention time. This model predicts 77.8% of the variability of log10-transformed lake TP concentration, which is 4.2% higher than the best mechanistic model and 0.8% higher than the best strictly-empirical model. The findings of this study not only shed light on the understanding of P retention in lakes but also can be useful for assessment of data-limited lakes and large-scale hydrological models to simulate the P cycle.