cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children's physical activity levels and psychological correlates in interactive dance versus aerobic dance

This article compares children's physical activity levels, self-efficacy, and enjoyment when experiencing dance-exergaming and aerobic dance in physical education.
Effects of interface and tensile properties in the dynamic fracture of layered structures

Finite element modeling of crack extension under impact was performed to study the suitability of layered composite structures in plasma-facing and primary wall structures for ITER and other fusion devices. The layers may consist of dissimilar metal alloys, each of which performs a necessary design function for sputtering resistance, heat removal, and structural integrity. Several layered structures with varying material properties were modelled using finite element analysis. Compared to monolithic solid bars with the same mechanical properties, layered structures with frictional interfaces dissipate more energy before a pre-crack normal to the interface can propagate. For these layered structures, there is an optimum for the coefficient of friction that provides maximum resistance to crack extension.
(3,3-Difluoro-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-[(2S,4S)-(4-(4-pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-methanone: a potent, selective, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor.

Abstract A series of 4-substituted proline amides was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl pepdidase IV for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (3,3-Difluoro-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-[(2S,4S)-(4-(4-pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-methanone (5) emerged as a potent (IC50 = 13 nM) and selective compound, with high oral bioavailability in preclinical species and low plasma protein binding. Compound 5, PF-00734200, was selected for development as a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Structure and metabolism of adenovirus RNAs containing sequences from the fiber gene

Abstract The body of adenovirus fiber messenger RNA is specified by viral r -strand co-ordinates 86.2 to 91.2. Since this mRNA is transcribed from the major late promoter at map position 16, nuclear precursors to the mRNA could be as large as 84% of the length of the 35,000 nucleotide genome. This study identified and characterized polyadenylated nuclear RNAs that contain fiber sequences and therefore are possible processing intermediates. These nuclear RNAs were characterized by hybridization of [ 3 H]RNA preparations and by electron microscopy of RNA-DNA hybrids. Three size classes of RNAs containing fiber sequences were identified: (1) a 22 S species maps from 86.2 to 90.3. This RNA has essentially the same co-ordinates as fiber mRNA. (2) Two 28 S species have co-ordinates of 80.1 to 90.4 and 85.9 to 96.9, respectively. Thus one species has a 5′ terminus coincident with that of the mRNA body, and one has a 3′ terminus coincident with that of the 3′ end of the mRNA body. The polyadenylated terminus at 96.9 does not coincide with the 3′ end of any known mRNA. (3) There are at least two 35 S species. The 3′ end of one species is coincident with that of fiber mRNA. The 3′ terminus of the second RNA is at approximately 96.9. The labeling kinetics of each of these polyadenylated nuclear RNAs were investigated. In continuous label experiments, the two 35 S RNAs and the 85.9 to 96.9 28 S RNA became uniformly labeled in approximately 60 minutes. The 22 S RNA and the 80.1 to 90.4 28 S species continued to accumulate for at least several hours. These results are consistent with a precursor function for the 35 S RNAs and the 85.9 to 96.9 28 S species. The structures of the putative precursors imply that processing of the 3′ end is not a prerequisite for 5′ cleavage.
Allosteric properties of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase revealed through the thermodynamics of binding of inosine 5'-monophosphate and mycophenolic acid. Temperature dependent heat capacity of binding as a signature of ligand-coupled conformational equilibria.

The thermodynamic properties of binding of the substrate, inosine monophosphate (IMP), and the uncompetitive inhibitor, mycophenolic acid, to inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) were measur...
X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: mucopolysaccharide excretion studies.

Sex linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda is described in a family with four affected members. The characteristic features of short trunk, hip disease, and flattening of the vertebrae with a posterior ”hump” were present. Urinary mucopolysaccharides were characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively and were within normal values.
Laterality and 3H-imipramine binding: Studies in the frontal cortex of normal controls and suicide victims

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]-sensitive imipramine binding (IB) was determined in the left and right hemisphere of frontal cortex of suicide victims and nonpsychiatric controls who died due to myocardial infarction or accident. The K d (an inverse measure of affinity of 3 H-imipramine to its binding sites) was significantly higher in left hemisphere than right hemisphere in normal controls. There were no differences in B max and K d or B max between left hemisphere and right hemisphere in normals and suicides, respectively. These results do not support the finding of hemispheric asymmetry of 5-HT uptake as measured by IB ( B max ) in postmortem tissue from controls and suicide victims.
D-optimal designs for combined linear and trigonometric regression

This paper studies D-optimal designs for combined linear and trigonometric regression models. It is observed and then proved that equispaced minimum-support designs are D-optimal. D-efficiencies of equispaced support designs are also obtained.
Nanoneedle Method for High-Sensitivity Low-Background Monitoring of Protein Activity

We describe a new method for measuring the activity of protein in miniscule quantities using a carbon nanotube nanoneedle. The unique features of this new method are (a) the immobilization of a few molecules; (b) subsequent translocation and isolation of them near the tip of a position-actuated nanoneedle; and (c) a fixed, defined, and unhindered molecular position to allow rapid real-time sensing and monitoring. The kinetic bioactivity of immobilized alkaline phosphatase (AP) molecules was measured as test model. Results show no decrease in enzymatic activity compared to that of the solution-phase enzyme reaction, suggesting that the immobilization provided unhindered access for ligand binding and minimal conformational modulation caused by undesired surface interactions.
The Joseph H. Ogura lecture: Teaching and learning--then and now.

Education, the process of teaching and learning, has remained a passion of those in academic medicine. The context has changed over time, but the skills required are universal. The goal of these efforts is training the finest otolaryngologists who deliver the best care to their patients and build the future or our specialty.
A single acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is required for catabolism of isoleucine, valine and short-chain fatty acids in Aspergillus nidulans.

An acyl-CoA dehydrogenase has been identified as part of the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway in the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Disruption of the scdA gene prevented use of butyric acid (C4) and hexanoic acid (C6) as carbon sources and reduced cellular butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity by 7.5-fold. While the mutant strain exhibited wild-type levels of growth on erucic acid (C22:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), some reduction in growth was observed with myristic acid (C14). The ΔscdA mutation was found to be epistatic to a mutation downstream in the β-oxidation pathway (disruption of enoyl-CoA hydratase). The ΔscdA mutant was also unable to use isoleucine or valine as a carbon source. Transcription of scdA was observed in the presence of either fatty acids or amino acids. When the mutant was grown in medium containing either isoleucine or valine, organic acid analysis of culture supernatants showed accumulation of 2-oxo acid intermediates of branched chain amino acid catabolism, suggesting feedback inhibition of the upstream branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase.
FUNCTIONAL DRAINAGE OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA INTO THE LEFT ATRIUM--THREE CASES.

Abstract Three patients are reported who had functional drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium in addition to an intracardiac left to right shunt at the atrial level. All 3 underwent successful surgical correction. It is stressed that in the presence of the combination of cyanosis, a known left to right intracardiac shunt and near-normal pressures throughout the right side of the heart, drainage of a systemic vein into the left atrium must be strongly considered as the cause of the cyanosis. A strong index of suspicion and specific dye-dilution or angiographic studies are necessary to establish the diagnosis.
Low humidity water-retention ability in Eretmapodites chrysogaster and Aedes albopictus☆

Abstract Measurements of the water-retention ability in adult Eretmapodites chrysogaster and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes indicate that the former conserves body fluids at low humidities, whereas the latter loses them. In spite of this, A. albopictus outlived E. chrysogaster under all conditions. It is suggested that these differences are due to a physiological accommodation in A. albopictus, which either suppresses the effects of tissue desiccation or prevents it through spiracular control and other moisture-regulating mechanisms. At low humidities, death in E. chrysogaster may result from flooding of vital organs with metabolic wastes which have accumulated in the trapped fluids.
Remote displacement measurements using a laser diode

A technique for measuring displacements remotely to minimum distances of 8 mm with a resolution of 2 microns is described. A dynamic interferometer method is employed using a frequency-ramped laser diode. A direct measurement of the period of the resulting beat signal is used to determine the displacement.
Glucocorticoid receptor represses proinflammatory genes at distinct steps of the transcription cycle

Widespread anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoid hormones are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In conjunction with its corepressor GR-interacting protein-1 (GRIP1), GR tethers to the DNA-bound activator protein-1 and NF-κB and represses transcription of their target proinflammatory cytokine genes. However, these target genes fall into distinct classes depending on the step of the transcription cycle that is rate-limiting for their activation: Some are controlled through RNA polymerase II (PolII) recruitment and initiation, whereas others undergo signal-induced release of paused elongation complexes into productive RNA synthesis. Whether these genes are differentially regulated by GR is unknown. Here we report that, at the initiation-controlled inflammatory genes in primary macrophages, GR inhibited LPS-induced PolII occupancy. In contrast, at the elongation-controlled genes, GR did not affect PolII recruitment or transcription initiation but promoted, in a GRIP1-dependent manner, the accumulation of the pause-inducing negative elongation factor. Consistently, GR-dependent repression of elongation-controlled genes was abolished specifically in negative elongation factor-deficient macrophages. Thus, GR:GRIP1 use distinct mechanisms to repress inflammatory genes at different stages of the transcription cycle.
Chemically Selective Displacers for High-Resolution Protein Separations in Ion-Exchange Systems: Effect of Displacer−Protein Interactions

Displacer lead compounds were selected from a commercially available database to identify potential selective displacers for a binary protein mixture in ion exchange chromatography. Parallel batch screening experiments were carried out with these lead compounds to study the effect of displacer concentration on the relative amounts of the proteins displaced. Experiments were conducted with a mixture containing ribonuclease A and alpha-chymo-trypsinogen A which exhibited very similar retention behavior under linear gradient conditions. The batch displacement results indicated that most of these lead compounds were indeed selective for displacing ribonuclease A. In fact, one of these displacers exhibited extremely high selectivity, displacing essentially all of the ribonuclease A while displacing minimal alpha-chymotrypsinogen A at a displacer concentration of 10 mM. These results were validated under column conditions, with the ribonuclease A being displaced and the alpha-chymotrypsinogen A remaining on the column after the displacer breakthrough. In order to examine whether this was mass action or chemically selective displacement, an affinity ranking plot based on the Steric Mass Action (SMA) model was generated, and the results confirmed that this was not a mass action displacement. In order to test the hypothesis that displacer protein binding was playing a role in these separations, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was carried out. The results suggest that while the chemically selective displacer interacted with alpha-chymo-trypsinogen A, it had no interaction with ribonuclease A. The ability to exploit protein displacer binding in concert with appropriate displacer resin affinities opens up new possibilities for creating selective displacement systems.
Coumarin-based prodrugs 2. Synthesis and bioreversibility studies of an esterase-sensitive cyclic prodrug of dadle, an opioid peptide

Abstract A coumarin-based esterase-sensitive cyclic prodrug of an opioid peptide, DADLE, was prepared. The cyclic prodrug quickly released (t1/2 = 761 min) its original peptide, DADLE, upon esterase catalyzed hydrolysis. Such a system can be used for the preparation of cyclic prodrugs of other biologically active peptides aimed at improving their bioavailability.
Isoparametric line and transition finite elements with temperature and temperature gradients as primary variables for two dimensional heat conduction

Abstract This paper presents isoparametric line and transition finite element formulation for two dimensional heat conduction. The element properties are derived using weak formulation of the Fourier heat conduction equation and the element approximation where nodal temperatures and the nodal temperature gradients are retained as primary variables. The formulation permits linear temperature distribution through the element thickness. Distributed heat flux as well as convective boundaries are permitted on all four faces of the elements. Furthermore, the elements can have internal heat generation as well as orthotropic material properties. The superiority of the formulation in terms of efficiency and accuracy is demonstrated. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate their applications, and a comparison is made with theoretical results.
Plasma hormone levels in beef heifers during prostaglandin-induced parturition.

Plasma hormone levels were determined at frequent intervals in 12 two-year-old Hereford heifers after treatment with prostaglandin F2α on day 267 of gestation to induce parturition. Of the 12 animals, six also received a daily injection of estradiol-17β until calving occurred. An additional six heifers received no treatment and therefore served as a control group. The treatment with PGF2α was effective since the treated heifers calved a mean of 12 days sooner than the untreated heifers (P < .01). A metabolite of PGF2α, 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α, rose to a peak level in the plasma within one hour after injection (im) of PGF2α then declined to a baseline level within four hours. The plasma progesterone level had fallen significantly within two hours after injection, but no change in plasma estradiol-17β or estrone was observed. In the eight heifers that responded, plasma estrogen levels were greater at the time of treatment than in the four heifers that did not respond.
Electrocoloration in SrTi O 3 : Vacancy Drift and Oxidation-Reduction of Transition Metals

Application of dc electric fields, at temperatures of \ensuremath{\sim}100 to \ensuremath{\sim}325\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, to samples of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ doped with transition metals leads to the appearance of colored regions, characteristic of reduced material at the cathode and oxidized material at the anode. This process is reversible upon reversal of the polarity of the applied field. We have measured the space and time dependencies of the optical and electrical properties of such samples of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. All of the phenomena can be quantitatively understood in terms of a simple model, whose major ingredient is the drift of doubly positive oxygen vacancies across regions of high electric field, with accompanying oxidation and reduction of stationary transition-metal ions. Interpretation of our data yields quantitative estimates for the mobility of oxygen vacancies in this temperature range. For very long times of electrocoloration, the proposed model is inadequate for a quantitative description of the observed phenomena. This limitation is largely due to the formation of unusual oxidation states and complexes whose detailed nature is not yet completely understood.
Attitudes Toward Using Social Networking Sites in Educational Settings With Underperforming Latino Youth: A Mixed Methods Study

The researchers examined the online social networking attitudes of underperforming Latino high school students in an alternative education program that uses technology as the prime venue for learning. A sequential explanatory mixed methods study was used to cross-check multiple sources of data explaining students’ levels of comfort with utilizing a social networking site platform as a supplemental communication tool in connection with their schoolwork. Students were found to be significantly less comfortable using social networking sites than other online communication tools in connection with their schoolwork, and females were significantly more uncomfortable than males using such sites in school.
Globalization, Educational Hegemony, and Higher Education

Purpose – The paper aims to put into context globalization as educational, economic, and technological relations, with attention to dimensions of variability and other problems associated with domination of western and northern post‐industrial developed nations on the developing world.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken in this paper is that of a discussion of the issues.Findings – Education in its broadest functional terms prepares populaces for interaction within the social, economical, political, and cultural domains of daily life. Global education in its encompassing reach toward the macrocosm prepares populations in many countries to co‐exist, particularly with information age technological innovations. Such an overstatement or broad sweep of the maximum view of international education overlooks in‐depth understanding of the exercise of power in the international realm.Originality/value – The paper discusses the issues surrounding globalization, the economic gap between technologically t...
Renormalization of nonlocal degrees of freedom

Abstract The renormalization in real space of systems with nonlocal degrees of freedom is discussed and reviewed for the percolation model, for which the degrees of freedom, the clusters, are nonlocal and span all ranges in the system. Previous attempts, including recent ones, are critically examined and shown to lack a theoretical basis; in particular, they do not consider the partition function. It is demonstrated that, in contrast to the case of local degrees of freedom, all ranges of the degrees of freedom must be considered when eliminating nonlocal degrees of freedom at short distances. New couplings are naturally generated, and lead to a mapping between clusters in the original and renormalized systems, and thus to the renormalization-group equations. Remaining questions are discussed.
Partial Isolation of Two Classes of Dopamine β‐Hydroxylase‐Containing Particles Undergoing Rapid Axonal Transport in Rat Sciatic Nerve

The rapid bidirectional transport of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in adrenergic axons provides a means of analyzing the life cycle of adrenergic storage vesicles. We compared the physical characteristics of DBH-containing particles traveling to or returning from the terminal varicosities of ligated rat sciatic nerves. Density gradient centrifugation and Sephacryl S1000 gel-permeation chromatography were used to fractionate extracts from nerve segments proximal or distal to the ligatures. A series of experiments indicated the existence of at least two populations of rapidly transported DBH-containing particles, a "light" 85-nm particle and a larger "dense" 120-nm particle. The 85-nm particles were prevalent in unligated nerve, but accounted for only one-third of the total anterogradely transported DBH activity accumulated after 18 h. The 120-nm particles were barely detectable in the unligated nerve, but they accumulated at twice the rate of the 85-nm particles and accounted for the rest of the anterogradely transported particulate DBH activity. These two populations of particles were readily isolated from proximal nerve extracts by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Similar-appearing dense and light peaks of particulate DBH activity were obtained from distal nerve extracts. Much of the retrogradely transported DBH of the extracts, however, was associated with large particles (greater than 300 nm) not resolved by Sephacryl S1000. Retrogradely transported exogenous NGF was found only in the dense sucrose gradient peak. We propose that the 85-nm DBH-containing particles correspond to "large dense-cored vesicles," and that the 120-nm particles are derived from the dense tubules visualized in adrenergic nerves by the chromaffin reaction.
Phase response analysis of a morphological globus pallidus neuron model during irregular spiking: intrinsic and synaptic mechanisms

Introduction Recent evidence suggests a prominent role for the globus pallidus (GP) in the synchronization of basal ganglia oscillatory activity associated with Parkinson's disease. The emergence of synchronous network activity is strongly influenced by the character of the phase response curve (PRC) that describes how a rhythmically spiking neuron responds to synaptic inputs by advancing or delaying the next spike. The PRC for dendritic inputs (dPRC) to GP contains both positive and negative regions, indicating that excitatory dendritic input can either advance or delay the next spike depending on when it occurs during the intrinsic spike rhythm. However, in vivo GP neurons receive stochastic backgrounds of synaptic input that drive irregular spiking. In this study, we investigated the interaction of stochastic synaptic backgrounds with intrinsic currents in the dendritic membrane of a morphologically realistic GP neuron model to assess how in vivo-like high conductance states affect dendritic phase response properties.
Blind Source Separation by Sparse Decomposition

The blind source separation problem is to extract the underlying source signals from a set of their linear mixtures, where the mixing matrix is unknown. This situation is common, eg in acoustics, radio, and medical signal processing. We exploit the property of the sources to have a sparse representation in a corresponding signal dictionary. Such a dictionary may consist of wavelets, wavelet packets, etc., or be obtained by learning from a given family of signals. Starting from the maximum a posteriori framework, which is applicable to the case of more sources than mixtures, we derive a few other categories of objective functions, which provide faster and more robust computations, when there are an equal number of sources and mixtures. Our experiments with artificial signals and with musical sounds demonstrate significantly better separation than other known techniques.
Crossing Cultural Barriers Through In-service Training

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees puts out a series of posters entitled "Who is a Refugee?" Utilizing lego figures differentiated by dress, but identical in face and form, it points to the difficulty of identifying refugees within the general population. The message of this poster—that refugees are similar to other people, that they are good citizens, your neighbors—highlights one of the many problems of resettlement. The overt publicity over refugee displacement, such as the devastating pictures of Rwanda or Bosnia in the press and on television, contrasts with invisibility in the resettlement phase of the refugee experience.
Current status of our understanding of magnetotransport in magnetic multilayers

Abstract We review the current theoretical understanding of giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayered structures. The active ingredients producing magnetoresistance for current in and perpendicular to the plane of the layers are discussed, and the effect of superlattice band structure on transport is reviewed. Differences between ballistic and diffusive electron transport are highlighted. The effective fields used to account for vertex corrections for current perpendicular to the layers is discussed and their meaning is defined.
The Political Economy of IMF Conditionality: A Common Agency Model

The paper models the relationship between an aid-providing international financial institution (IFI) and an aid-receiving government whose economic policy choices are influenced by a domestic interest group. Two assistance schemes are evaluated: conditional aid in which the IFI makes assistance contingent on less- distorting economic policies and unconditional aid which is provided without such conditions. Conditional aid is shown to raise welfare of the receiving country and the world as a whole relative to unconditional aid. The paper also examines how conditional and unconditional aid schemes are influenced by the IFI's opportunity cost of providing assistance and the receiving government's political dependence on a domestic interest group.
Pressure-induced amorphization of cubic Zr W 2 O 8 studied in situ and ex situ by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and absorption

The behavior of cubic $\mathrm{Zr}{\mathrm{W}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ on compression in a DAC to $7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ was examined in situ by a combination of synchrotron x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). These data were compared with x-ray absorption measurements on an amorphous sample of $\mathrm{Zr}{\mathrm{W}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ recovered from $7.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ in a multianvil apparatus. The in situ diffraction data show the complete formation of orthorhombic $\mathrm{Zr}{\mathrm{W}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ at low pressure $(l0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa})$, and amorphization onset at $g2.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ with completion at $l7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. The corresponding in situ XAS data suggest a continuous evolution of the local tungsten coordination environment on compression after forming the orthorhombic phase, with the average $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{O}$ bond length increasing, indicating an increase in the average coordination number, and the W ${L}_{I}$ pre-edge peak decreasing in magnitude, indicating a movement toward tungsten coordination that is closer to centrosymmetric These observations are inconsistent with a model for the amorphization that simply involves a loss of orientational/positional order among existing coordination polyhedra. The XANES data for the amorphous sample recovered from the multianvil apparatus are unlike any of the XANES seen in the in situ measurements, suggesting that the local structure in the glassy material relaxes on decompression. The XANES for the recovered sample are very similar to those for ammonium paratungstate, a material that contains tungsten in a variety of heavily distorted octahedral environments.
Inhibition of calcineurin by cyclosporin A-cyclophilin requires calcineurin B.

The interaction of the immunosuppressive complex cyclosporin A-cyclophilin (CsA-CyP) with the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is investigated using a recombinant form of the A subunit of calcineurin (rCNA). Only in the presence of purified calcineurin B (CNB) does rCNA show the response of native calcineurin, i.e. 50% inhibition of rCNA phosphatase activity at 6 nM human cyclophilin B and 0.6 μM human cyclophilin A using [32P]casein as substrate, yet stimulation of activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. This study demonstrates that the B subunit is necessary to confer sensitivity of calcineurin to CsA-CyP.
A unified explanation for the supernova rate-galaxy mass dependence based on supernovae detected in Sloan galaxy spectra

Using a method to discover and classify supernovae (SNe) in galaxy spectra, we detect 91 Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) and 16 Type II SNe (SNe II) among 740,000 galaxies of all types and 215,000 star-forming galaxies without active galactic nuclei, respectively, in Data Release 9 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Of these SNe, 15 SNe Ia and 8 SNe II are new discoveries reported here for the first time. We use our SN samples to measure SN rates per unit mass as a function of galaxy stellar mass, star-formation rate (SFR), and specific SFR (sSFR), as derived by the MPA-JHU Galspec pipeline. We show that correlations between SN Ia and SN II rates per unit mass and galaxy stellar mass, SFR, and sSFR can be explained by a combination of the respective SN delay-time distributions (the distributions of times that elapse between the formation of a stellar population and all ensuing SNe), the ages of the surveyed galaxies, the redshifts at which they are observed, and their star-formation histories. This model was first suggested by Kistler et al. for the SN Ia rate-mass correlation, but is expanded here to SNe II and to correlations with galaxy SFR and sSFR. Finally, we measure a volumetric SN II rate at redshift 0.075 of $R_{\rm II,V} = 0.621^{+0.197}_{-0.154}({\rm stat})^{+0.024}_{-0.063}({\rm sys}) \times 10^{-4}$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$. Assuming that SNe IIP and IIL account for 60 per cent of all core-collapse (CC) SNe, the CC SN rate is $R_{\rm CC,V} = 1.04^{+0.33}_{-0.26}({\rm stat})^{+0.04}_{-0.11}({\rm sys}) \times 10^{-4}$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$.
Asymptotic Behavior of the Solution to a Nonisentropic Hydrodynamic Model of Semiconductors

Abstract We study the asymptotic behavior of the solution for a hydrodynamic model of semiconductors where the energy equation is included. We study the case where the flow is subsonic and the doping profile is close to a negative constant, depending on the spacial variablex. We shall show that a given steady state solution is asymptotically stable or unstable depending on whether or not the density of the initial data satisfiesP=0, wherePis defined in (3.5).
A rotaxane exciplex.

The creation of molecular-scale photonic devices requires supramolecular logic elements.1-3 Although the study of supramolecular photochemistry is still in its infancy, it is clear that it offers much greater diversity than single-molecule systems. These components may permit access to complex photophysical processes, such as vectorial energy transfer, energy migration, and optical switching.4 Fundamental studies of supramolecular photochemistry are also relevant to biological studies of vision and photosynthesis.5,6 Intramolecular exciplexes formed between tethered donor and acceptor moieties have been investigated extensively.7,8 These studies are important for understanding energy transport and molecular dynmaics, as well as designing new chemical sensors. Luminescent intramolecular exciplexes between molecular components that are not covalently bound to one another have not been developed.9,10 Herein, we report the observation of an emissive exciplex formed between two components of a rotaxane, an unusual optical phenomenon. Making use of methods developed by Sauvage,11 rotaxane 3 was prepared in 81% yield from a Cu(I)-templated esterification of tris(p-tert-butylphenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane with 5,5′-
Critical predictors of sensory and affective pain during four phases of labor

This descriptive study explored the impact of five psychological and seven physiological predictor variables on sensory and affective pain during early, active, transitional and second-stage labor. Confidence in ability to handle labor, cervical dilatation and fetal station accounted for approximately 33% of the variance in sensory and affective early labor pain, while confidence, severity of menstrual pain and parity explained 21% of sensory and 39% of affective active labor pain. For transitional labor, approximately 24% of sensory pain was explained by menstrual pain, confidence and length of labor, while confidence and menstrual pain contributed 31% of explained variance for affective pain. Concern regarding the outcome of labor and fear of pain explained a small but significant portion of second-stage labor pain.
Lipoperoxidation of Lung Lipids in Rats Exposed to Nitrogen Dioxide

Absorption spectra characteristic of diene conjugation and typical for peroxidized polyenoic fatty acids can be induced in rat lung lipids after the rats have been exposed to a scant amount of nitrogen dioxide (1 part per million) for 4 hours. The peroxidative changes do not occur immediately but appear to reach a maximum between 24 and 48 hours after exposure. The prooxidant effect of this atmospheric pollutant in rat lung lipids may be partially prevented by prior treatment of the animal with large doses of alpha-tocopherol.
Werner syndrome protein phosphorylation by abl tyrosine kinase regulates its activity and distribution.

The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) is a caretaker of the human genome, and the Abl kinase is a regulator of the DNA damage response. Aberrant DNA repair has been linked to the development of cancer. Here, we have identified a direct binding between WRN and c-Abl in vitro via the N-terminal and central regions of WRN and the Src homology domain 3 of c-Abl. After bleomycin treatment in culture, WRN and c-Abl are dissociated and followed by an Abl kinase-dependent WRN relocalization to the nucleoplasm. WRN is a substrate of c-Abl in vitro and in vivo. WRN is tyrosine phosphorylated either transiently by treatment of HeLa cells with bleomycin or constitutively in cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and these phosphorylations are prevented by treatment with the Abl kinase inhibitor STI-571. Tyrosine phosphorylation of WRN results in inhibition of both WRN exonuclease and helicase activities. Furthermore, anti-WRN immunoprecipitates from CML cells treated with STI-571 show increased 335 exonuclease activity. These findings suggest a novel signaling pathway by which c-Abl mediates WRN nuclear localization and catalytic activities in response to DNA damage.
Detection and Control of Influenza Outbreaks in Well-Vaccinated Nursing Home Populations

Background Influenza outbreaks continue to occur in nursing homes despite high vaccination coverage among residents. Recommendations for outbreak control in institutions such as nursing homes advises use of antiviral drugs to reduce influenza transmission. Methods Influenza surveillance was performed among elderly residents of nursing homes in Michigan during 2 influenza seasons. The antiviral drug oseltamivir was used for outbreak control at the discretion of nursing home staff once influenza transmission was confirmed by virus isolation or rapid antigen detection. Results During 2000-2001, influenza was not confirmed in any of the 28 participating homes, despite transmission of types A (H1N1) and B in the community. During 2001-2002, influenza type A (H3N2) transmission was confirmed in 8 (26%) of 31 participating homes; influenza vaccine coverage among residents was 57%- 98% in outbreak-associated homes. Oseltamivir was used in all homes with influenza transmission; outbreak control varied according to the rapidity of outbreak recognition and the extent of antiviral use. Reported adverse events were primarily gastrointestinal reactions and rashes. Analysis of the usefulness of rapid antigen detection tests for outbreak recognition indicated a sensitivity of only 77% (specificity, 92%). Conclusions Oseltamivir was reasonably well tolerated, and its use, along with continued promotion of vaccination coverage among nursing home residents and staff, should be a valuable addition to institutional outbreak-control strategies.
Trapped in a Spider's Web of Animal Lust: Human Bestiality in Lev Gumilevsky's Dog Alley

L the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, as a number of scholars have reminded us recently, a heated debate erupted in Soviet public discourse over the so-called sexual question. The debate, which reached its peak near the end of the NEP era (1921-27), focused mainly on the question of what role love, marriage, and the family should now play in the lives of those who were currently engaged in the process of dismantling the old bourgeois order and creating a new Communist society in Russia. Two alternativeand diametrically opposed-positions toward the polovoi vopros quickly emerged: an open, liberal, if not radical, attitude that viewed sexual energy in a positive way as a liberating force that would free people from the stultifyingly repressive, hypocritical, oldfashioned morality that had regulated life within bourgeois society (an attitude that for a long time was closely, yet erroneously, associated with the purported "free-love" advocate, Aleksandra Kollontai); and a repressed (and repressive), conservative, somewhat puritanical attitude that considered libido a dangerous and damaging force in private life that must somehow be restrained and subordinated to the public interest of advancing the
Negative leader step mechanisms observed in altitude triggered lightning

We present 63 high-speed video frames (108 kilo-frames per second (kfps), 9.26 µs per frame) showing the development of the downward negative stepped leader in the initial stage of an altitude-triggered flash. The downward negative stepped leader initiated from the bottom of the triggering wire at a height of about 128 m above ground and, 553 µs later, it struck a lightning rod located at a distance of about 50 m from the launch tower. During the leader's development, electric field derivative pulses were detected associated with leader stepping. The interpulse intervals ranged from 3 to 27 µs with a mean value of 13 µs. Distinct segments of luminosity were observed ahead of the main leader channel that appear similar to space leaders were observed in the high-speed video frames. A total of eight luminous segments were observed that were 1 m to 6 m in length and were centered at distances from the main leader channel ranging from 3 m to 8 m. The new leader steps that appeared in the frames following the luminous segments were 5 m to 8 m in length. Two of the observed segments apparently never connected to the leader channel and thus failed to produce a new leader step.
The Delicate Balancing Act: Challenges and Successes Facing College Student Women in Formal Leadership Roles

This qualitative study focused on the successes and challenges experienced by four undergraduate college women while holding top leadership roles in student organizations. Interpretive and descriptive qualitative research methods were employed with aspects of case study and phenomenological approaches of inquiry. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews, a focus group interview, and participant journals. Results suggest the women’s perceptions of their leadership successes were externally focused, emphasizing the organization and helping develop group members. The challenges faced by the women involved difficulty in balancing relationship and task behaviors, difficulty in balancing the roles of leader and friend, and challenges faced by the larger organizational and environmental context. These findings are examined alongside existing literature. Implications for supporting college women in formal leadership roles are presented, along with recommendations for future research.
Novitates Antillanae. IX

A preliminary survey of the flora of Hispaniola in the West Indies has revealed a number of novelties in the generaAcidoton, Bacopa, Calliandra, Cordia, Diodia, Frankenia, Gesneria,Ginoria, Jacaranda, Justicia, Marsdenia, Matelea, Piptocoma, Psidium, Samanea,Satureia, Scolosanthus, Tabebuia, Tetrazygia, Verbesina. Descriptions of the new species are given, along with several new combinations for plants of that Island as well as from Cuba.
TEMPERATURE REGULATOR FOR A 9 LITER LIQUID HYDROGEN BUBBLE CHAMBER

A temperature regulator servo system with a long-term stability of better than 10 x 10/sup -3/ deg K at 28.5 deg K is described. Design considerations, coxaponents, and construction techniques are discussed. (auth)
Neonatal phenobarbital imprints overexpression of cytochromes P450 with associated increase in tumorigenesis and reduced life span

SPECIFIC AIMSPerinatal exposure to phenobarbital produces a multitude of permanent reproductive, growth, locomotor, and learning dysfunctions in animals and humans. In addition, affected individuals exhibit postpubertal above-normal multicytochrome P450-dependent hepatic drug metabolism. We administered phenobarbital to newborn rats at a therapeutic-like anticonvulsant dose, considerably below the threshold for inducing morphologic and behavioral defects, to determine whether early exposure to the barbiturate permanently alters (or imprints) constituent expression as well as the inductive response of hepatic isoforms of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) to environmental-like levels of inducing agents leading to an imperceptible but pernicious accumulation of toxic metabolites, enhancing tumorigenesis and reducing life expectancy.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Neonatal phenobarbital increases tumor formation, urinary tract pathologies, and reduces life spanNeonatal exposure to phenobarbital resulted in a small (∼4%), occa...
Separation and Traumatic Distress in Prolonged Grief: The Role of Cause of Death and Relationship to the Deceased

A distinction has been drawn between symptoms of separation distress (e.g., yearning/longing for the lost relationship) and traumatic distress (e.g., numbness, anger/bitterness) in prolonged grief disorder (PGD), a chronic and severe form of grieving that has been shown to predict a range of negative mental and physical health outcomes. The present study relied upon information from 947 recently bereaved young adults and tested the hypothesis that levels of separation distress primarily would be influenced by aspects of the relationship with the deceased (i.e., primary attachment figures vs. more distant relationships), whereas levels of traumatic distress would be influenced more by situational factors surrounding the death itself (i.e., cause of death). Results generally supported this hypothesis with a few important qualifications. Implications for the assessment and treatment of bereaved individuals are discussed.
Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Devices for Low-Noise Signal Generation

We review the use of slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers (SCOWAs) in low-noise mode-locked and single-frequency lasers. We also report a new single-frequency laser cavity incorporating an Er/Yb-codoped waveguide distributed-Bragg-reflector that produces 330-mW power with 75-kHz linewidth.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY ON GROWTH AND TISSUE COMPOSITION OF ULVA FENESTRATA AND ENTEROMORPHA INTESTINALIS (ULVALES, CHLOROPHYTA)1

The chlorophyte macroalgae Ulva fenestrata (Postels and Ruprecht) and Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link. were grown under various nutrient regimes in indoor semi-continuous and batch cultures. Tissue nitrogen contents ranged from 1.3–5.4% N (dry wt), whereas tissue P ranged from 0.21–0.56% P (dry wt). Growth in low nitrogen medium resulted in N:P ratios of 5–8, whereas growth in high nitrogen medium resulted in N:P ratios of 21–44. For U. fenestrata, tissue N:P 24 was indicative of P-limitation. Growth of U. fenestrata was hyperbolically related to tissue N but linearly related to tissue P. Phosphorus-limited U. fenestrata maintained high levels of tissue N, but N-limited algae became depleted of P. For E. intestinalis, tissue N remained at maximum levels during P-limitation whereas tissue P decreased to about 85% of maximal levels during N-limitation. Growth rates for U. fenestrata decreased faster during P-limitation than during N-limitation. Simultaneously, tissue P was depleted faster than tissue N. Our results suggest that comparing tissue N and P of macroalage grown in batch cultures is useful for monitoring the nutritional status of macroalgae.
Comparison of Some Density Estimate Classification Procedures

Abstract A new method for comparing discrimination procedures is employed to investigate the relative performance with respect to number of points correctly classified by three discrimination procedures induced by estimating densities. Two of the procedures are based on non-parametric density estimates, while the third assumes a bivariate normal density with unknown parameters.
Multiple paternity as genetic bet-hedging in female sierra dome spiders, Linyphia litigiosa (Linyphiidae)

Observations of the reproductive behaviour of 44 free-living, polyandrous female sierra dome spiders combined with electrophoretic paternity studies were used to evaluate three hypotheses about genetic benefits of polyandry: (1) best male, (2) genetic diversity, and (3) genetic bet-hedging. Females nearing maturation rely upon intrasexual fighting to determine their first mate (Watson: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 1990, 26, 77–90). Phenotypic attributes of first mates did not predict their fertilization success. In contrast, copulatory vigour and weight (uncorrelated traits) were among nine factors (out of 23 tested) that predicted the fertilization success of later, secondary mates. Secondary mates were seldom required to fight other males; variation in their reproductive success was apparently due to female choice. The value of copulatory vigour and weight in predicting the outcome of fights between males suggested that intrasexual and intersexual selection are in accord. First mate sperm precedence may have evolved because intersexual selection of secondary mates is a weaker test of male quality than the purely combative process that determines first mates. However, when by chance only inferior males discover a virgin female, her first mate will merely be the best of a bad lot. Such ‘errors’ in the selection of primary sires may underlie the adoption of a bet-hedging strategy, whereby genetically based correlations in viability among offspring are reduced, especially when selection fails to prevent fertilizations by a low quality male. Further, examination of linyphiid genitalia suggested a female mechanism to sequester male ejaculates, allowing control of sperm precedence and possibly reduced risks of venereal infection.