cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence of adverse cardiopulmonary effects with low-dose continuous terbutaline infusion

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the incidence of adverse cardiovacular effects of terbutaline sulfate when administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion in women with arrested pretrem labor. STUDY DESIGN: Over a 6-year period records from 8709 women prescribed this therapy for preterm labor that had preivously been arrested with other intravenous tocolytics were reviewed. These women were assessed daily for cardiovascular complaints and tolerance of the medication, while either in the hospital or at the home (by telephone). The main outcomes studies were the occurrence of pulmonary edema, sustained cardiac arrhythmias, chest pain, or myocardial ischemia. Any maternal death regardless of cause was also reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 8709 subjects, 47 (0.54%) had one or more cardiopulmonary problems. Pulmonary edema developed in 28 patients (0.32%) while receiving continuous subcutaneous infusion of terbutaline, 5 at home and 23 in the hospital. Of the total, 17 women were being treated concurrently with large amounts of intravenous fluids and one to three other tocolytic agents. In the 11 remaining subjects, 4 were diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension and/or multiple gestation. Nineteen patients experienced other adverse cardiovascular effects, including electrocardiogram changes, irregular heart rate, chest pain, or shrotness of breath. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous terbutaline infusion for women with stabilized preterm labor is associated with much fewer adverse effects than previous literature regarding intravenous β-adrenergic agonist therapy would suggest.
Family Matters: The Role of Mental Health Stigma and Social Support on Depressive Symptoms and Subsequent Help Seeking among African American Boys.

African American adolescent boys underutilize mental health service due to stigma associated with depression. Gaining an increased understanding of how depressed, African American adolescent boys perceive their mental health needs and engage in help-seeking behaviors might play an essential role in efforts to improve their symptoms and access to care. Using a mixed-methods design, this study examined the influence of mental health stigma and social support on depressive symptoms among African American adolescent boys. Findings indicated the protective effects of social support in decreasing depressive symptoms, especially when participants experienced mental health stigma. Results also revealed the pivotal role of family social support over both professional and peer support for participants who struggled with depressive symptoms. The primacy of family support among the sample, combined with the frequent distrust of professionals and peer networks, would indicate that working with families may improve initial identification of depression among African American adolescent boys and decrease their barriers to care.
Datapoints: Prescription Patterns for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in a Community Population

W the growth of managed care, the role of primary care physicians in the treatment of common psychiatric disorders is increasing. Their ability to provide appropriate care, however, needs to be assessed more thoroughly. This report uses data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (1) to compare patterns of prescription medication use among individuals with mood and anxiety disorders who received care from psychiatrists and those who received care from primary care physicians (general practitioners or family physicians). The NCS surveyed psychiatric disorders in a representative household sample of U.S. residents age 15 through 54 between 1990 and 1992. The study examined data on individuals with DSM-III-R diagnoses of major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder who reported using prescribed antidepressants, anxiolytics (including benzodiazepines), hypnotics, or sedatives within the past 12 months. Overall, 1,407, or 23.9 percent, of 5,877 NCS respondents met the criteria for at least one of the diagnoses. Of these, 6 percent saw psychiatrists and 7.2 percent saw primary care physicians for emotional or substance problems over the past 12 months. (Only .9 percent saw both.) Among those who saw a psychiatrist, 57.7 percent re-
Midland Smooth Softshell (Apalone mutica) and Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera) Turtles in the Middle Mississippi River: Habitat Associations, Population Structure, and Implications for Conservation

ABSTRACT By using 6 years of Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) turtle by-catch data collected from the middle Mississippi River, we investigated smooth softshell (Apalone mutica) and spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera) turtle abundance collected from 5 physical habitats: main channel border, wing dikes, tributary, open side channel, and closed side channel. Females comprised 62% and males 38% of the total catch of smooth softshell turtles. For spiny softshell turtles, females comprised 67% and males 33% of the total catch. We observed skewed reproductive age structure and sex ratios among and within both species. Smooth and spiny softshell turtle captures were dominated by reproductive individuals (62% and 87%, respectively). Smooth softshell turtles were most abundant in open side channels and main channel borders, whereas spiny softshell turtles were most abundant in tributaries and closed side channels. Smooth softshell abundance was greatest in deep waters with faster water velocity, where...
Psychological and Computational Models of Language Comprehension: In Defense of the Psychological Reality of Syntax

In this paper, I argue for a modifi ed version of what Devitt (2006) calls the Representational Thesis (RT). According to RT, syntactic rules or principles are psychologically real, in the sense that they are represented in the mind/brain of every linguistically competent speaker/hearer. I present a range of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for the claim that the human sentence processing mechanism constructs mental representations of the syntactic properties of linguistic stimuli. I then survey a range of psychologically plausible computational models of comprehension and show that they are all committed to RT. I go on to sketch a framework for thinking about the nature of the representations involved in sentence processing. My claim is that these are best characterized not as propositional attitudes but, rather, as subpersonal states. Moreover, the representational properties of these states are determined by their functional role, not solely by their causal or nomological relations to mind-independent objects and properties. Finally, I distinguish between explicit and implicit representations and argue, contra Devitt (2006), that the latter can be drawn on “as data” by the algorithms that constitute our sentence processing routines. I conclude that Devitt’s skepticism concerning the psychological reality of grammars cannot be sustained.
Design considerations for a Guidance, Navigation, and Control sensor system for a robotic lunar lander

With the goal of developing a preliminary hardware and software design of a Guidance, Navigation and Control Subsystem of a robotic lunar lander for various potential missions including the International Lunar Network (ILN), navigation sensor technologies are researched and their maturity is assessed. 12The results of the broad technology assessment are compared with requirements generated from known or estimated design constraints, modeling and simulation results, and subject-matter expert consultations to validate the assembly design. The results identify the current baseline and some alternative components for the lander. The nominal sensor configuration baselines assume that precision landing is desired for the mission even though some of the mission concepts, including the ILN mission, could be achieved without precision landing. In these cases, the specific sensors used for precision terrain relative position measurements are removed from the configuration.
Simplified Equation for Evaluating the Influence of Surface Residual Stresses on the Toughness of Zirconia Ceramics

A simplified theoretical equation was developed to estimate the influence of a thin surface layer with a nonuniform profile of residual compressive stress on indentation cracking. The model was used to evaluate the toughness of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals that had been doped with 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP), which contained surface residual stresses due to phase transformation.
Regression modeling of longitudinal data with outcome‐dependent observation times: extensions and comparative evaluation

Conventional longitudinal data analysis methods assume that outcomes are independent of the data-collection schedule. However, the independence assumption may be violated, for example, when a specific treatment necessitates a different follow-up schedule than the control arm or when adverse events trigger additional physician visits in between prescheduled follow-ups. Dependence between outcomes and observation times may introduce bias when estimating the marginal association of covariates on outcomes using a standard longitudinal regression model. We formulate a framework of outcome-observation dependence mechanisms to describe conditional independence given observed observation-time process covariates or shared latent variables. We compare four recently developed semi-parametric methods that accommodate one of these mechanisms. To allow greater flexibility, we extend these methods to accommodate a combination of mechanisms. In simulation studies, we show how incorrectly specifying the outcome-observation dependence may yield biased estimates of covariate-outcome associations and how our proposed extensions can accommodate a greater number of dependence mechanisms. We illustrate the implications of different modeling strategies in an application to bladder cancer data. In longitudinal studies with potentially outcome-dependent observation times, we recommend that analysts carefully explore the conditional independence mechanism between the outcome and observation-time processes to ensure valid inference regarding covariate-outcome associations.
Tetrakis­(tetra­methyl­ammonium) di‐μ‐sulfato‐bis­[oxosulfatovanadate(V)]

The title compound, (C4H12N)4[V2O2(SO4)4], contains two independent tetra­methyl­ammonium cations, [N(CH3)4]+, and a centrosymmetric dimeric anion, [(VO)2(SO4)4]4−. The V5+ cation has a square-pyramidal environment with the oxo group at the apex.
Skeletal differences between black and white men and their relevance to body composition estimates.

Skeletal differences exist between closely matched Black and White women, although it is unknown if similar differences also exist between Black and White men after controlling for age, body weight, and stature. The aim of this study was twofold: to test the hypothesis that Black men have greater bone mass, higher bone mineral density, and longer limbs compared to White men of similar age, weight, and height; and second, to establish if ethnic variation in skeletal characteristics has an impact on the models upon which three widely used methods for estimating total body fat are based. Twenty-four healthy Black men were matched by age (±5 years), height (±3 cm), and weight (±2 kg) to 24 healthy White men. Skeletal characteristics and body composition were studied using anatomical and compartment estimates derived by anthropometry, 3 H2 O dilution, hydrodensitometry, whole-body 40 K counting, and dual photon systems. Black men had greater bone mineral mass (P = 0.007), higher bone density (P = 0.054), longer femurs (P = 0.002), longer anthropometric arm and thigh lengths (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively), lower spine to femur ratio (P = 0.004), and similar spine length (P = 0.271) compared to White men. Total body fat and fat-free body mass (FFM) were estimated in the men using a four-compartment model. Black and White men had similar total body fat, K (TBK), water (TBW), and FFM. Density of FFM and TBK/FFM were also similar between Black and White men, suggesting that current two-compartment hydrodensitometry and TBK models for estimating fat may not require adjustments for ethnicity. The TBW/FFM ratio, which is the main assumed steady-state relation for the two-compartment TBW method of estimating fat, was modestly increased (P = 0.05) in Black men (x ± SD, 0.744 ± 0.018) compared to White men (0.732 ± 0.021). These results confirm that Black and White men differ significantly in some skeletal characteristics and these differences have implications in the study of both osteoporosis and human body composition. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Attenuated Influenza Virus Construct with Enhanced Hemagglutinin Protein Expression

Abstract Influenza A viruses encoding an altered viral NS1 protein have emerged as promising live attenuated vaccine platforms. A carboxy-terminal truncation in the NS1 protein compromises its interferon antagonism activity, making these viruses attenuated in the host yet still able to induce protection from challenge with wild-type viruses. However, specific viral protein expression by NS1-truncated viruses is known to be decreased in infected cells. In this report, we show that recombinant H5N1 and H1N1 influenza viruses encoding a truncated NS1 protein expressed lower levels of hemagglutinin (HA) protein in infected cells than did wild-type viruses. This reduction in HA protein expression correlated with a reduction in HA mRNA levels in infected cells. NS1 truncation affected the expression of HA protein but not that of the nucleoprotein (NP). This segment specificity was mapped to the terminal sequences of their specific viral RNAs. Since the HA protein is the major immunogenic component in influenza virus vaccines, we sought to restore its expression levels in NS1-truncated viruses in order to improve their vaccine efficacy. For this purpose, we generated an NS1-truncated recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (rPR8) virus carrying the G3A C8U "superpromoter" mutations in the HA genomic RNA segment. This strategy retained the attenuation properties of the recombinant virus but enhanced the expression level of HA protein in infected cells. Finally, mice immunized with rPR8 viruses encoding a truncated NS1 protein and carrying the G3A C8U mutations in the HA segment demonstrated enhanced protection from wild-type virus challenge over that for mice vaccinated with an rPR8 virus encoding the truncated NS1 protein alone.
Effects of the sample preparation temperature on the nanostructure of compression moulded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.

AbstractIn this study, the effects of the sample sectioning temperature on the surface nanostructure and mechanical response of compression moulded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) at a nanometer scale (nanomechanical properties) have been characterized. The primary focus of this work was to determine if the sample sectioning temperature significantly changed the nanostructure of UHMWPE, while the secondary focus was to characterize the effect on the mechanical response due to the changes in the sectioned surface nanostructure. The goals of this study were:to investigate the potential possibility of creating surface artefacts by the sample preparation technique by sectioning at different temperatures relative to the published range of glass transition temperatures, Tg, for PE (−12, −80 and −25°C);to determine the possibility of molecular orientation induced by plastic deformation of the UHMWPE sample during the process of sample preparation;to measure the relative difference in nanomechani...
Personalized query expansion in the QIC system

Query In Context (QIC) is a personalized search system that enhances individual search by incorporating user preferences in query expansion, capturing meanings embedded in documents, and ranking search results with context-enriched features. In this paper, we propose a new technique for QIC's Query Expansion module, which reformulates user queries by using novel statistical-based and knowledge-based query expansion techniques to improve the returned results. The promising preliminary results analyzed through precision and recall metrics show better alignment between the user's interests and the results retrieved.
Endotoxin-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in the HIV-1 transgenic rat.

Background Repeated exposure to a low dose of a bacterial endotoxin such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes immune cells to become refractory to a subsequent endotoxin challenge, a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance (ET). During ET, there is an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, leading to a dysregulated immune response. HIV-1 viral proteins are known to have an adverse effect on the immune system. However, the effects of HIV-1 viral proteins during ET have not been investigated.
Capsaicin- resistant arterial baroreceptors

Background: Aortic baroreceptors (BRs) comprise a class of cranial afferents arising from major arteries closest to the heart whose axons form the aortic depressor nerve. BRs are mechanoreceptors that are largely devoted to cardiovascular autonomic reflexes. Such cranial afferents have either lightly myelinated (A-type) or non-myelinated (C-type) axons and share remarkable cellular similarities to spinal primary afferent neurons. Our goal was to test whether vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) agonists, capsaicin (CAP) and resiniferatoxin (RTX), altered the pressure-discharge properties of peripheral aortic BRs. Results: Periaxonal application of 1 µM CAP decreased the amplitude of the C-wave in the compound action potential conducting at 0.50) but completely inhibited discharge of an irregularly discharging BR (C-type). CAP at high concentrations (10–100 µM) depressed BR sensitivity in regularly discharging BRs, an effect attributed to non-specific actions. RTX (≤ 10 µM) did not affect the discharge properties of regularly discharging BRs (n = 7, p > 0.18). A CAP-sensitive BR had significantly lower discharge regularity expressed as the coefficient of variation than the CAPresistant fibers (p < 0.002). Conclusion: We conclude that functional TRPV1 channels are present in C-type but not A-type (A-δ) myelinated aortic arch BRs. CAP has nonspecific inhibitory actions that are unlikely to be related to TRV1 binding since such effects were absent with the highly specific TRPV1 agonist RTX. Thus, CAP must be used with caution at very high concentrations.
Ca2+ dependence of alpha-adrenergic effects on the contractile properties and Ca2+ homeostasis of cardiac myocytes.

alpha-Adrenergic stimulation is known to enhance myocardial contractility. Adult rat left ventricular myocytes bathed in 1 mM [Ca2+] (Ca0) and electrically stimulated at 0.2 Hz responded to alpha-adrenergic stimulation with 50 microM phenylephrine and 1 microM propranolol with an increase in twitch amplitude to 177.1 +/- 25.6% of control (mean +/- SEM). In contrast, when cell Ca2+ loading was increased by bathing cells in 5 mM Ca0, alpha-adrenergic stimulation decreased twitch amplitude to 68.6 +/- 8.2% of control. Time-averaged cytosolic [Ca2+] of cells in 1.0 mM Ca0 is enhanced via an increase in the frequency of electrical stimulation. When myocytes were stimulated at 2 Hz in 1 mM Ca0, alpha-adrenergic stimulation did not increase twitch amplitude (103.8 +/- 12.4% of control). In myocytes loaded with the Ca2+ probe into-1, alpha-adrenergic effects during stimulation at 0.2 Hz (an increase in twitch amplitude in 1 mM Ca0 and a decrease in twitch amplitude in 5 mM Ca0) were associated with similar changes in the indo-1 transient. In 5 mM Ca0, spontaneous Ca2+ releases from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) occurred in the diastolic interval between twitches (2.9 +/- 1.4 spontaneous SR Ca2+ oscillations/min; n = 7); alpha-adrenergic stimulation abolished these oscillations in six of seven cells. Thus, an increase in the frequency of spontaneous diastolic SR Ca2+ release (i.e., Ca2+ overload) is not the mechanism for the negative inotropic effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation in 5 mM Ca0. In experiments with unstimulated myocytes, we determined whether the effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation on cell Ca2+ homeostasis and oscillatory SR Ca2+ release observed in 5 mM Ca0 occurs only during electrical stimulation, when voltage-dependent currents are operative, or also at rest. Unstimulated rat ventricular myocytes in 5 mM Cao exhibit oscillatory SR Ca2+ release; alpha-adrenergic stimulation decreased the frequency of these oscillations to 53.9 +/- 8.9% of control, and this effect was blocked by 1 microM prazosin. In unstimulated indo-1-loaded myocytes alpha-adrenergic stimulation decreased the resting indo-1 fluorescence ratio in 5 mM Ca0, whereas it had no effect in 1 mM Ca0. Additional experiments were aimed at defining a role for Ca(2+)-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) for the negative inotropic effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation in 5 mM Ca0. Short-term preexposure to 0.1 microM 4 beta-phrobol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) has been shown to maximally activate PKC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Thirty-Fifth Annual Postgraduate Assembly of The Endocrine Society

The Thirty-Fifth Annual Postgraduate Assembly of The Endocrine Society will be held at the Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Boston, Massachussetts, October 24-28, 1983. The local Chairman is Dr. P. Reed Larsen. The registration fee is $350.00. Seventy-five residents and fellows-in-training will be accepted at a reduced rate of $300.00. A letter attesting to the training status of the individual must accompany the reduced rate applications. After that number, applicants seeking the reduced fee will be accepted on a space available basis. Please address inquiries to the office of The Endocrine Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814. Registration should be completed in advance by mail. On Sunday, October 23, 1983 from 2:00 to 8:00 P.M., registrants may check in and receive their badges and syllabi. Additional syllabi may be purchased at $20.00 each.
Allergy associations with the adult fecal microbiota: Analysis of the American Gut Project.

Background Alteration of the gut microbial population (dysbiosis) may increase the risk for allergies and other conditions. This study sought to clarify the relationship of dysbiosis with allergies in adults.
The Distribution of the Quadratic Class Number

For each positive integer D which exceeds 1 and which satisfies one of the conditions −D ≡ 0, 1(mod 4), let h(−D) denote the number of classes of primitive binary quadratic forms whose discriminant is −D. In the present chapter we shall show how the study of the global distribution of the values of h(−D) may be reduced to the consideration of sums of independent random variables. Concerning the local distribution, such as when h(−D)= 1, we shall have nothing to say.
Real-time experimental analysis for protection and control of smart substations

To reach the future smart grid vision, comprehensively equipped test beds are required for identification of the vulnerabilities, security concerns and the impact analysis of the new control and protection concepts. The future smart substations are expected to have enhanced capabilities such as wide-area situational awareness, interoperability, and self-sustained generation capability to achieve resilient power grid goals. Prior to field deployment, any new protection and control capabilities should pass rigorous tests. With this motivation, this paper presents a real-time experimental analysis for protection and control of smart substations in a state-of the-art test bed platform. A coordinated wide-area protection approach is proposed for transmission and distribution levels enabling interoperability between IEDs at different layers. An aggregated distributed generation and storage dispatch optimization method is proposed for self-sustained smart substations in case of outage such as a blackout situation. In order to validate the proposed protection and control methods, experimental results are given.
Primary and coupled motions of the native knee in response to applied varus and valgus load.

Abstract Background Knowledge of the complex kinematics of the native knee is a prerequisite for a successful reconstructive procedure. The aim of this study is to describe the primary and coupled motions of the native knee throughout the range of knee flexion, in response to applied varus and valgus loads. Methods Twenty fresh-frozen cadaver knees were affixed to a six degree of freedom robotic arm with a universal force-moment sensor, and loaded with a 4 Nm moment in varus and valgus at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 90° of knee flexion. The resulting tibiofemoral angulation, displacement, and rotation were recorded. Results For each parameter investigated, the knee joint demonstrated more laxity at higher flexion angles. Varus angulation increased progressively from zero (2.0° varus) to 90 (5.2° varus) degrees of knee flexion (p Conclusions We conclude that the native knee exhibits small increases in coronal plane laxity as the flexion angle increases, and that the knee has generally more laxity under varus load than with valgus load throughout the Range of Motion (ROM). Larger differences in laxity of more than 2 to 3°, or peak laxity specifically during the range of mid-flexion, were not found in our cadaver model and are not likely to represent normal coronal plane kinematics. Level of Evidence Level V, biomechanical cadaveric study.
Prediction, Litigation, Privacy, and Property: Some Possible Legal and Social Implications of Advances in Neuroscience

Neuroscience is rapidly increasing our knowledge of the functioning, and malfunctioning, of that intricate three-pound organ, the human brain. When science expands our understanding of something so central to human existence, advances in science will necessarily cause changes in both our society and its laws. This paper seeks to forecast and explore the social and legal changes that neuroscience might bring in four areas: prediction, litigation, confidentiality and privacy, and patents. The implications in prediction are similar to those anticipated from human genetics. The consequences for litigation seem potentially substantial, particularly if neurosciences leads to better methods to detect lying or bias or allows us to improve memory retrieval or to check the authenticity of memories. Protecting mental privacy, both from governmental and private intrusions, may also prove to be an important challenge. The patent issues, by contrast, appear fairly minor. The paper was prepared for a September 2003 workshop sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Dana Foundation on legal issues raised by advances in neuroscience. It was one of four papers commissioned for that conference, two of which were on legal issues. It complements the paper written by Professor Stephen Morse, which covers issues of personhood and responsibility, informed consent, the reform of existing legal doctrines, enhancement of normal brain functions, and the admissibility of neuroscience evidence.
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia and remains incurable outside of the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplant. While the standard therapy for both initial and relapsed CLL has traditionally included monoclonal antibody therapy in combination with chemotherapy, there are patients with high-risk disease features including unmutated IgVH, del(11q22) and del(17p13) that are associated with poor overall responses to these therapies with short time to relapse and shortened overall survival. Additionally, many of these therapies have a high rate of infectious toxicity in a population already at increased risk. Targeting the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic advance in a variety of B-cell malignancies, including CLL. Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a tyrosine kinase in the BCR pathway critical to the survival of both normal and malignant B cells and inhibition of this kinase has shown to block the progression of CLL. Ibrutinib, a first in class oral inhibitor of Btk, has shown promise as a very effective agent in the treatment of CLL-in both relapsed and upfront therapy, alone and in combination with other therapies, and in patients of all-risk disease-which has led to its approval in relapsed CLL and as frontline therapy in patients with the high-risk del(17p13) disease. Several studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in combination with chemotherapy as frontline treatment for CLL and investigation into newer-generation Btk inhibitors is also underway.
A Multistate Design Methodology for Effecting Robust Mission Performance in Long Endurance UAVs

This article presents a multistate methodology for the design of long endurance aerospace systems, particularly those that have limited opportunity for repair. The methodology merges integrated multidisciplinary analysis techniques for system design with behavioralMarkov analysis methods used to define probabilistic metrics such as reliability and availability. The result is a multistate design approach that concurrently manipulates design variables and component failure rates to better identify conceptual features for a robust system design. This methodology is demonstrated on the design of a long-endurance UAV for a three-month ice surveillance mission over Antarctica. The results show that a significant improvement can be made in system availability over this period with minimal impacts on cost or performance when the vehicle is designed using the multistate methodology as compared to a baseline design created for the best performance under nominal conditions.
Adatoms at the Sulfur–Gold Interface in 1-Adamantanethiolate Monolayers, Studied Using Reaction with Hydrogen Atoms and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to study monolayers of 1-adamantanethiolate as they are exposed to gas-phase atomic hydrogen. H-atom reaction results in complete removal of the organic monolayer. The relaxation of the reconstruction present at the gold–sulfur interface results in the formation of gold-atom islands, as well as the addition of gold atoms to extant surface defects such as steps and pits. Characterization of these changes shows that for 1-adamantanethiolate monolayers, 0.18 ± 0.033 monolayers of gold adatoms participate in bonding with thiolate sulfur atoms. This results in a 1:1 Au:S ratio, in contrast to the 1:2 Au:S ratio reported for n-alkanethiolate monolayers. The difference in adatom density implies a qualitative difference in binding between n-alkanethiols and 1-adamantanethiols.
Spatial Memory in Older Adults: Effects of Intentionality

College students and elderly adults were presented with drawings for study that were placed on the left or right side of a photographic slide. Persons in the items-only condition studied only the target drawings, whereas persons in the items-position condition studied both the target drawing and its location to determine whether intentionality affected picture recognition or position recall. Half of the drawings were presented with an irrelevant adjacent drawing to assess the effect of presenting the target item relative to another drawing. The principal finding was that, although special memory was well above chance, the Hasher and Zack's criteria for automatic processing of this dimension were not met. Specifically, an age-related decline in spatial memory was observed, and intentionality to learn position affected item recognition and position recall. It was also found that older persons' memory for position was enhanced by the irrelevant drawings. Results are discussed primarily in terms of the Hasher and Zacks model of automatic processing and possible encoding strategies utilized by the elderly.
The colors of fear: A multilevel analysis of fear of crime across Houston area neighborhoods

ABSTRACTResearch on fear of crime has revealed the impact that neighborhoods' racial composition has on individuals' perceptions of fear and safety. Yet, few studies have examined how between-neighborhood variation in diversity, as distinct from minority concentration, influences residents' perceptions. Using multilevel regression and drawing on data gathered from a sample of residents in the Greater Houston Area, we examine the between-neighborhood effects of diversity on perceived risk of victimization. Our findings suggest that both individual and community factors have utility for predicting fear of crime and that racial and ethnic heterogeneity influence fear differently for members of different racial groups.
Respiratory and otolaryngologic manifestations of giant cell arteritis.

Objectives The classical presentation of giant cell arteritis (GCA) includes the new onset of headache, scalp tenderness, facial pain or jaw claudication in an older patient. Many patients with GCA have features consistent with the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatic (PMR) and nearly all have elevated markers of inflammation such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or the serum C-reactive protein (CRP). Respiratory and ear-nose-throat (ENT) signs and symptoms such as cough, tongue infarction, trismus, hearing loss and facial swelling are less commonly described, yet they may be the initial presentation of GCA. Our aim was to review the published literature on the topic of respiratory and otologic manifestations of GCA. Methods A literature search was performed on PUBMED and MEDLINE using the following keywords: GCA, temporal arteritis, pulmonary, respiratory, ENT, cough, tongue necrosis. Results The upper and lower airways manifestations of GCA include a wide variety of conditions that could be caused by ischaemia due to the vasculitis. Conclusions It is important to recognize these atypical presentations because they may be the sole initial manifestation of the disease. Early suspicion and confirmation of the diagnosis of GCA can help to prevent more catastrophic consequences of unrecognized disease, including stroke and blindness.
Non-canonical Interactions between Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 (Hsc70) and Bcl2-associated Anthanogene (BAG) Co-Chaperones Are Important for Client Release

Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) regulates protein homeostasis through its reversible interactions with client proteins. Hsc70 has two major domains: a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), that hydrolyzes ATP, and a substrate-binding domain (SBD), where clients are bound. Members of the BAG family of co-chaperones, including Bag1 and Bag3, are known to accelerate release of both ADP and client from Hsc70. The release of nucleotide is known to be mediated by interactions between the conserved BAG domain and the Hsc70 NBD. However, less is known about the regions required for client release, and it is often assumed that this activity also requires the BAG domain. It is important to better understand this step because it determines how long clients remain in the inactive, bound state. Here, we report the surprising observation that truncated versions of either human Bag1 or Bag3, comprised only the BAG domain, promoted rapid release of nucleotide, but not client, in vitro. Rather, we found that a non-canonical interaction between Bag1/3 and the Hsc70 SBD is sufficient for accelerating this step. Moreover, client release did not seem to require the BAG domain or Hsc70 NBD. These results suggest that Bag1 and Bag3 control the stability of the Hsc70-client complex using at least two distinct protein-protein contacts, providing a previously under-appreciated layer of molecular regulation in the human Hsc70 system.
Latina/o Students in Majority White Schools How School Ethnic Enclaves Link Ethnicity with Success

Latina/o high school students face many challenges in school, and much current research on ethnicity and education likewise focuses on the downsides of being an ethnic minority in the U.S. educatio...
Rariglanda jerseyensis, a new ericalean fossil flower from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey1

A new species, Rariglanda jerseyensis, is described from well-preserved fusainized fossil flowers collected from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey. Phylogenetic analyses and comparisons with extant and extinct taxa place R. jerseyensis within the monophyletic Ericales, sister to Clethraceae. The most distinctive feature of R. jerseyensis is a dense covering of conspicuous multicellular trichomes on the abaxial surface of the calyx. These multicellular trichomes appear to be glandular, and similar trichomes are found in several other, unrelated, Late Cretaceous fossils. In particular, the ericalean fossil Glandulocalyx upatoiensis bears the most similarity to R. jerseyensis, although differences in androecium and trichome characters clearly separate the two taxa. In addition, phylogenetic analyses confirm the position of G. upatoiensis within the Ericales, but place it within the sarracenioid clade, in a polytomy with Actinidiaceae and Roridulaceae. Past ecological studies associating trichomes with defens...
Prevent thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries with minichannel cooling

Abstract Thermal management on lithium-ion batteries is a crucial problem for the performance, lifetime, and safety of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Fire and explosions can be triggered by thermal runaway if the temperature of the lithium-ion batteries is not maintained properly. This work describes a minichannel cooling system designed at the battery module level and the investigation on its efficacy on the mitigation of thermal runaway. Nail penetration was employed to simulate the internal short circuits, which in reality may be caused by vehicle collisions and/or manufacturing defects. Two integrated models were utilized to study thermal runaway: the conjugate heat transfer model and the reaction kinetics model. Numerical simulations were conducted to understand the thermal runaway process and the effects of flow rate, thermal abuse reactions, nail penetration depth, and nail diameter. It is concluded that minichannel cooling at cell level cannot cease thermal runaway in a single cell, but it can prevent battery fratricide due to thermal runaway propagation between cells.
Recent Advances in Flexible/Stretchable Optoelectronics: From Next-Generation Displays to Skin-Mounted Wearables

New concepts in materials science, mechanics design, manufacturing and light management provide routes to high performance optoelectronic systems that can flex, bend, twist and even stretch like a rubber band. The resulting opportunities range from unusual display and lighting systems, wearable monitors, surgical tools and other classes of devices that cannot be achieved with conventional technologies. This talk outlines some of the key ideas, and describes their use in specific examples, ranging from arrays of microscale LEDs for flexible display, to skin-like devices for photoplethysmography.
T-DM1 activity in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancers that received prior therapy with trastuzumab and pertuzumab.

585Background: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is currently approved for patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, there is no data on the activit...
Energy capture and storage in asymmetrically multistable modular structures inspired by skeletal muscle

The remarkable versatility and adaptability of skeletal muscle that arises from the assembly of its nanoscale cross-bridges into micro-scale assemblies known as sarcomeres provides great inspiration for the development of advanced adaptive structures and material systems. Motivated by the capability of cross-bridges to capture elastic strain energy to improve the energetic efficiency of sudden movements and repeated motions, and by models of cross-bridge power stroke motions and sarcomere contractile behaviors that incorporate asymmetric, bistable potential energy landscapes, this research develops and studies modular mechanical structures that trap and store energy in higher-energy configurations. Modules exhibiting tailorable asymmetric bistability are first designed and fabricated, revealing how geometric parameters influence the asymmetry of the resulting double-well energy landscapes. These experimentally-observed characteristics are then investigated with numerical and analytical methods to characterize the dynamics of asymmetrically bistable modules. The assembly of such modules into greater structures generates complex, multi-well energy landscapes with stable system configurations exhibiting different quantities of stored elastic potential energy. Dynamic analyses illustrate the ability of these structures to capture a portion of the initial kinetic energy due to impulsive excitations as recoverable strain potential energy, and reveal how stiffness parameters, damping, and the presence of thermal noise in micro- and nano-scale applications influence energy capture behaviors. The insights gained could foster the development of advanced structural/material systems inspired by skeletal muscle, including actuators that effectively capture, store, and release energy, as well as adaptive, robust, and reusable armors and protective devices.
Doing Mathematics with Purpose: Mathematical Text Types

Mathematical literacy includes learning to read and write different types of mathematical texts as part of purposeful mathematical meaning making. Thus in this article, we describe how learning to ...
Representing and Using Organizational Knowledge in Distributed AI Systems.

Abstract This paper reports on the state of our research toward a general coordination mechanism for distributed intelligent systems. In our view, a coordination framework or organization is a particular set of settled and unsettled questions about belief and action that agents have about other agents. Organizational change means opening and/or settling some different set of questions, giving individual agents new problems to solve and, more importantly, different assumptions about the beliefs and actions of other agents. To test these ideas we are developing a testbed called the Intelligent Coordination Experiment (ICE) in which we implement our coordination mechanisms.
Abnormal Bone in Magnesium Deficiency

Bone-wasting diseases that are resistant to physiologic doses of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate and that have been treated with pharmacologic doses of each or of combinations of mineralizing agents, are likely to be associated with magnesium deficiency. In some instances, initial magnesium inadequacy might be contributory to the osteopenia, as in hyperparathyroidism, secondary to malabsorption, with hemodialysis with low-magnesium water, or possibly in pregnancy. There is suggestive evidence that severe magnesium depletion (in utero), alone or with hypervita-minosis D, might participate in abnormal fetal bone formation that might find expression as fractures of low-birth-weight infants, osteogenesis imperfecta, or hypophosphatasia. In infancy and later in life, vitamin-D- or parathyroid-refractory osteomalacia or hypocalcemia might also have magnesium depletion as a contributory factor. Failure to correct the magnesium deficiency before use of calcemic therapy has failed to correct hypocalcemia. In those with osteopenia (to which magnesium deficiency has contributed), failure to correct that deficit before starting aggressive mineralizing therapy intensifies the imbalance.
Does race matter in universal healthcare? Stroke cost and outcomes in US military health care.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: It is well documented in the US civilian healthcare system that race is correlated with different outcomes for ischemic stroke patients. That healthcare system has wide variations in access to and quality of care. In contrast, the US military healthcare system (MHS) a universal healthcare system where every member has access to the same healthcare benefits. Do racial disparities evident in the civilian healthcare system transfer to the MHS?Methods: Data was collected from the MHS Military Mart (M2) database from calendar years 2010 through 2015. All adult patients with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke upon discharge were reviewed. Race was compared across primary outcomes of: (1) IV tPA administration and (2) Disposition destination ‘poor disposition destination or in-hospital mortality’. And secondary outcomes of: (1) Total cost of hospitalization and (2) Length of hospital stay. Relevant demographic and co-morbidities were adjusted with regression analysis.Results: A total of...
Premature polyadenylation of MAGI3 is associated with diminished N 6 -methyladenosine in its large internal exon

In cancer, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are frequently truncated, causing their encoded products to be non-functional or dominant-negative. We previously showed that premature polyadenylation (pPA) of MAGI3 truncates the gene, switching its functional role from a TSG to a dominant-negative oncogene. Here we report that MAGI3 undergoes pPA at the intron immediately downstream of its large internal exon, which is normally highly modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In breast cancer cells that upregulate MAGI3 pPA , m6A levels in the large internal exon of MAGI3 are significantly reduced compared to cells that do not express MAGI3 pPA . We further find that MAGI3 pPA transcripts are significantly depleted of m6A modifications, in contrast to highly m6A-modified full-length MAGI3 mRNA. Finally, we analyze public expression data and find that other TSGs, including LATS1 and BRCA1, also undergo intronic pPA following large internal exons, and that m6A levels in these exons are reduced in pPA-activated breast cancer cells relative to untransformed mammary cells. Our study suggests that m6A may play a role in regulating intronic pPA of MAGI3 and possibly other TSGs, warranting further investigation.
Synchro-Squeezed Adaptive Wavelet Transform with Optimum Parameters for Arbitrary Time Series

Abstract In this study, a synchro-squeezed adaptive wavelet transform (SSAWT) is proposed and defined as an average of overlapped short-time wavelet transforms with optimized time-varying resolution in a synchro-squeezed time-frequency representation. The time-frequency resolution is automatically updated with a simplified procedure to determine optimal wavelet parameters. The instantaneous frequency spectra are accumulated over time to extract time-insensitive frequency characteristics in arbitrary time series. An illustrative signal with four time segments covering various frequency distribution cases indicated a 1.1% error of the proposed method, which is at least 5 times more accurate than the conventional synchro-squeezed wavelet transform. Due to synchro-squeezing process, SSAWT also exhibited more accurate results than the adaptive wavelet transform that has recently been developed by the authors. The proposed SSAWT was then applied to the impact echo responses experimentally recorded from a 60″ × 36″ × 7.25″ concrete slab. The improvement in time-frequency resolution and corresponding frequency spectra led to more successful detections of deep or shallow or no delamination from 40 sets of experimental data within 1.5% estimation error in deep delamination depth and 5% estimation error in slab thickness.
Brillouin light scattering from superfluid helium under pressure

We have used Brillouin scattering1,2 to study both thermally excited first and second sound in pure liquid 4He at a pressure of 25 atm. We have measured the high-frequency velocity and damping of both modes at a wavelength of 4.34 × 10−5 cm and at temperatures between 1.4 and 2.2°K. The ratio of the intensity of the light scattered from second sound to that scattered from first sound has also been determined and is reported here for the temperature region 10−5 < T λ — T < 10−1 °K.