cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pseudocysts of the Kidney, with a Report of a Hemorrhagic Pararenal Pseudocyst Associated with Multiple Small Renal Infarcts

A case of a hemorrhagic pararenal pseudocyst associated with med from multiple small emboli is described. The most common cause of pseudocyst formation is trauma. Hydronephrosis is almost always associated with urinary pseudocyst formation. Treatment should be directed at relieving urinary obstruction with excision of the cyst wall when renal parenchyma remains. Pararenal lesions of uncertain nature should be explored. Biopsy of the base of a hemorrhagic cyst should be considered before nephrectomy is performed.
Game theory and human behavior: challenges in security and sustainability

Security and sustainability are two critical global challenges that involve the interaction of many intelligent actors. Game theory provides a sound mathematical framework to model such interactions, and computational game theory in particular has a promising role to play in helping to address key aspects of these challenges. Indeed, in the domain of security, we have already taken some encouraging steps by successfully applying game-theoretic algorithms to real-world security problems: our algorithms are in use by agencies such as the US coast guard, the Federal Air Marshals Service, the LAX police and the Transportation Security Administration. While these applications of game-theoretic algorithms have advanced the state of the art, this paper lays out some key challenges as we continue to expand the use of these algorithms in real-world domains. One such challenge in particular is that classical game theory makes a set of assumptions of the players, which may not be consistent with real-world scenarios, especially when humans are involved. To actually model human behavior within game-theoretic framework, it is important to address the new challenges that arise due to the presence of human players: (i) human bounded rationality; (ii) limited observations and imperfect strategy execution; (iii) large action spaces. We present initial solutions to these challenges in context of security games. For sustainability, we lay out our initial efforts and plans, and key challenges related to human behavior in the loop.
Blood Pressure Matters, Even During Young Adulthood*

In this issue of the Journal , Gray et al. ([1][1]) present evidence that blood pressure matters, not just during middle age and beyond, but also early in life when the short-term risk of clinical cardiovascular events is very low. Using blood pressure measurements from well over one-half century
Practice variability in the management of complex febrile seizures by pediatric emergency physicians and fellows.

Objective Febrile seizures are the most common type of childhood seizure and are categorized as simple or complex. Complex febrile seizures (CFSs) are defined as events that are focal, prolonged (> 15 minutes), or recurrent. The management of CFS is poorly defined. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of variability in the emergency department evaluation of children with CFSs. Methods An online survey questionnaire was developed and sent to physicians identified via the listserv of the emergency medicine section of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the pediatric emergency medicine discussion list. The questionnaire consisted of five hypothetical case vignettes describing children under 5 years of age presenting with a CFS. Following review of the first four vignettes, participants were asked if they would (1) obtain blood and urine for evaluation; (2) perform a lumbar puncture; (3) perform neurologic imaging while the child was in the emergency department; (4) admit the child to the hospital; or (5) discharge with follow-up as an outpatient, with either the primary care provider or a neurologist. The final vignette determined if antiepileptic medication would be prescribed by the physician on discharge. Results Of the 353 physicians who participated, 293 (83%) were pediatric emergency medicine attending physicians and 60 (17%) were pediatric emergency medicine fellows. Overall, 54% of participants indicated that they would obtain blood for evaluation, 62% would obtain urine, 34% would perform a lumbar puncture, and 36% would perform neurologic imaging. The overall hypothetical admission rate for the case vignettes was 42%. Conclusions This study indicates that extensive variability exists in the emergency department approach to patients with CFS. Our findings suggest that optimal management for CFS remains unclear and support the potential benefit of future prospective studies on this subject.
Improving Human Interaction Research through Ecological Grounding

In psychology, we tend to follow the general logic of falsificationism: we separate the ‘context of discovery’ (how we come up with theories) from the ‘context of justification’ (how we test them). However, when studying human interaction, separating these contexts can lead to theories with low ecological validity that do not generalize well to life outside the lab. We propose borrowing research procedures from well-established inductive methodologies in interaction research during the process of discovering new regularities and analyzing natural data without being led by theory. We introduce research procedures including the use of naturalistic study settings, analytic transcription, collections of cases, and data analysis sessions, and illustrate these with examples from a successful cross-disciplinary study. We argue that if these procedures are used systematically and transparently throughout a research cycle, they will lead to more robust and ecologically valid theories about interaction within psychology and, with some adaptation, can enhance the reproducibility of research across many other areas of psychological science.
Targeted Nanomedicine to Treat Bone Metastasis

Bone metastases are common complications of solid tumors, particularly those of the prostate, breast, and lungs. Bone metastases can lead to painful and devastating skeletal-related events (SREs), such as pathological fractures and nerve compressions. Despite advances in treatment for cancers in general, options for bone metastases remain inadequate and generally palliative. Anticancer drugs (chemotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals) do not achieve therapeutic concentrations in the bone and are associated with dose-limiting side effects to healthy tissues. Nanomedicines, with their tunable characteristics, have the potential to improve drug targeting to bone metastases while decreasing side effects for their effective treatment. In this review, we present the current state of the art for nanomedicines to treat bone metastases. We also discuss new treatment modalities enhanced by nanomedicine and their effects on SREs and disease progression.
Controlling the Law: Legal Pluralism in China's South-West Minority Regions

Millions of China's ethnic minority citizens remain subject to competing legal standards, even as state officials strive to strengthen a unified notion of state law. Minority customary law continues to bind many minority citizens in both civil and criminal arenas and often conflicts directly with state law. What happens when these laws conflict? Based on fieldwork in Yunnan, this article shows how local officials and communities navigate legal pluralism and what legal and policy provisions guide them. Granting local judges discretionary authority to set aside state law in favour of customary law, although seemingly undermining law enforcement, may in the long run be the best path to strengthening rule of law in China's minority regions.
Dynamics of a Producer-Grazer Model Incorporating the Effects of Phosphorus Loading on Grazer's Growth.

Phosphorus is an essential element for all life forms, and it is also a limiting nutrient in many aquatic ecosystems. To keep track of the mismatch between the grazer’s phosphorus requirement and producer phosphorus content, stoichiometric models have been developed to explicitly incorporate food quality and food quantity. Most stoichiometric models have suggested that the grazer dynamics heavily depends on the producer phosphorus content when the producer has insufficient nutrient content [low phosphorus (P):carbon (C) ratio]. However, recent laboratory experiments have shown that the grazer dynamics are also affected by excess producer nutrient content (extremely high P:C ratio). This phenomenon is known as the “stoichiometric knife edge.” While the Peace et al. (Bull Math Biol 76(9):2175–2197, 2014) model has captured this phenomenon, it does not explicitly track P loading of the aquatic environment. Here, we extend the Peace et al. (2014) model by mechanistically deriving and tracking P loading in order to investigate the growth response of the grazer to the producer of varying P:C ratios. We analyze the dynamics of the system such as boundedness and positivity of the solutions, existence and stability conditions of boundary equilibria. Bifurcation diagram and simulations show that our model behaves qualitatively similar to the Peace et al. (2014) model. The model shows that the fate of the grazer population can be very sensitive to P loading. Furthermore, the structure of our model can easily be extended to incorporate seasonal P loading.
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and free-water imaging in Parkinsonism

Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) uses a three-compartment model to probe brain tissue microstructure, whereas free-water (FW) imaging models two-compartments. It is unknown if NODDI detects more disease-specific effects related to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical Parkinsonism. We acquired multi- and single-shell diffusion imaging at 3 Tesla across two sites. NODDI (using multi-shell; isotropic volume [Viso]; intracellular volume [Vic]; orientation dispersion [ODI]) and FW imaging (using single-shell; FW; free-water corrected fractional anisotropy [FAt]) were compared with 44 PD, 21 multiple system atrophy Parkinsonian variant (MSAp), 26 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 24 healthy control subjects in the basal ganglia, midbrain/thalamus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum. There was elevated Viso in posterior substantia nigra across Parkinsonisms, and Viso, Vic, and ODI were altered in MSAp and PSP in the striatum, globus pallidus, midbrain, thalamus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum relative to controls. The mean effect size across regions for Viso was 0.163, ODI 0.131, Vic 0.122, FW 0.359, and FAt 0.125, with extracellular compartments having the greatest effect size. A key question addressed was if these techniques discriminate PD and atypical Parkinsonism. Both NODDI (AUC: 0.945) and FW imaging (AUC: 0.969) had high accuracy, with no significant difference between models. This study provides new evidence that NODDI and FW imaging offer similar discriminability between PD and atypical Parkinsonism, and FW had higher effect sizes for detecting Parkinsonism within regions across the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
In Situ Observation of Adiabatic Shear Band Formation in Aluminum Alloys

We used high-speed X-ray phase contrast imaging and infrared thermal imaging techniques to study the formation processes of adiabatic shear bands in aluminum 7075-T6 and 6061-T6 alloys. A modified compression Kolsky bar setup was used to apply the dynamic loading. A flat hat-shaped specimen design was adopted for generating the shear bands at the designated locations. Experimental results show that 7075-T6 exhibits less ductility and a narrower shear band than 6061-T6. Maximum temperatures of 720 K and 770 K were locally determined within the shear band zones for 7075-T6 and 6061-T6 respectively. This local high temperature zone and the resulting thermal instability were found to relate to the shear band formation in these aluminum alloys.
Molding the Heart of a Servant: How Servant Leadership Enhances Followers' Other-Oriented Values

A core supposition in servant leadership theory is that an individual is a servant first before they aspire to lead. Hence, according to servant leadership theory, servant leaders’ primary mode of ...
Whole Grains, Refined Grains, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for meta-analyses that provided risk estimates (±95% confidence intervals) for associations between intakes of whole and refined grains and risk of total and site-specific cancer. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Only meta-analyses that included whole grains and refined grains as separate food groups, and not as part of dietary patterns, were included. A total of 17 publications were identified that met inclusion criteria. Within these, results from a total of 54 distinct meta-analyses were reported for whole grains and 5 meta-analyses for refined grains. For total cancer mortality, 7 meta-analyses of cohort studies indicated that whole grain intake was associated with 6% to 12% lower risk in comparison of highest vs. lowest intake groups, and 3% to 20% lower risk for doses ranging from 15 to 90 g/day. For site-specific cancers, meta-analyses indicated that whole grain intake was consistently associated with lower risks of colorectal, colon, gastric, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers. Limited data were available for refined grains, with only 4 publications providing risk estimates, and only 1 of the meta-analyses included more than 3 studies. High intake of refined grains was associated with increased risk of colon and gastric cancer. By contrast, in the only dose-response meta-analysis, each 90 g/day consumption of refined grains was associated with a 6% lower risk of total cancer. In addition to the limited number of published meta-analyses on refined grains, results were also weakened due to the fact that refined grains were frequently defined to include both staple grain foods and indulgent grain foods, and the majority of studies included in the meta-analyses provided no specific definition of refined grains. Overall, meta-analyses of cohort and case-control studies consistently demonstrate that whole grain intake is associated with lower risk of total and site-specific cancer, and support current dietary recommendations to increase whole grain consumption. By contrast, the relationship between refined grain intake and cancer risk is inconclusive.
Brief intervention medication therapy management: Establishment of an opioid misuse intervention model delivered in a community pharmacy.

PURPOSE Medication expertise and close patient contact position community pharmacists to make significant contributions to combatting the opioid epidemic. This position facilitated the development and initial implementation of the Brief Intervention Medication Therapy Management (BIMTM) model to detect and address patient opioid misuse. BIMTM is an intervention consisting of 9 sessions. One medication management session is delivered by a pharmacist in a community pharmacy setting, and the remaining sessions are delivered telephonically by a patient navigator to follow up with goals established with the pharmacist and address concomitant health concerns that increase risk for misuse. METHODS We employed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to summarize and present key findings from 4 distinct studies. CFIR domains addressed were (1) intervention characteristics, (2) outer setting, (3) inner setting, (4) process, and (5) characteristics of individuals. The study results show sequential development of evidence for BIMTM. RESULTS A multistate cross-sectional pharmacist survey (n = 739) demonstrated limited pharmacist training and/or resources to address misuse, suggesting the need for external intervention development. Our multistakeholder intervention planning project showed limitations of current evidence-based models of care and of intervention implementation, which resulted in construction of the BIMTM. A multisite cross-sectional screening survey of patients (n = 333) established an electronic misuse screening protocol within 4 community pharmacies and identified opioid misuse in 15% of screened patients; among those patients, 98% had concomitant health conditions that contribute to the risk of opioid misuse. Presentation of study results to pharmacy leaders produced commitment for intervention implementation and a partnership to develop a grant proposal supporting this action. Our small-scale randomized trial evinced success in recruitment and retention and BIMTM patient benefit. The small-scale randomized trial likewise showed high levels of satisfaction with BIMTM. CONCLUSION The establishment of BIMTM supports community pharmacist identification and intervention with patients engaged in misuse. Continued use of this research-based strategy may further empower pharmacists to address the opioid epidemic.
Principles of Rehabilitation

Back pain in the nonathletic population can affect 80 % of this population. In young athletes, depending on their sport, back pain occurs in varying prevalence. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help to alleviate pain, improve muscle strength and flexibility, prevent future injury, and safely return athletes to their sport. This chapter covers the history and theory of spine stabilization, injury patterns, and rehabilitation. Comprehensive physical assessment and treatment recommendations will also be included.
Repeatability and comparability of the Galilei-G4 and Cassini in measuring corneal power and astigmatism in normal and post-refractive surgery eyes.

To assess the repeatability and comparability of the Galilei G4 versus the Cassini topographer in post-refractive eyes and in normal eyes, including older patients representative of an initial cataract evaluation. Simulated keratometric (simK), total corneal and posterior corneal power and astigmatism were evaluated in both post-refractive and normal eyes. Repeatability was measured by calculating within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Vector analyses and Bland–Altman plots were employed to assess agreement between devices. We studied 32 subjects with a history of refractive surgery and 32 subjects without a history of refractive surgery undergoing cataract surgery. The mean age was 55 ± 18.5 years and the age range was 21.5–91.5 years. In non-refractive and post-refractive eyes, the ICC was > 0.9 (P < 0.001) for all corneal powers and for simK and total corneal astigmatism for both analyzers. The ICC for posterior corneal astigmatism magnitude using the Galilei was 0.62 and 0.67 and for the Cassini 0.55 and 0.38 in normal and post-refractive eyes, respectively. In both post-refractive and normal eyes, the Galilei G4 and Cassini analyzers have high repeatability in simK, total, and posterior corneal power and low repeatability for posterior corneal astigmatism.
Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies of Acute Myopathy and Muscle Wasting after Sepsis

Sepsis survivors experience a persistent myopathy characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, atrophy, and an inability to repair/regenerate damaged or dysfunctional myofibers. The origins and mechanisms of this persistent sepsis-induced myopathy are likely complex and multifactorial. Nevertheless, the pathobiology is thought to be triggered by the interaction between circulating pathogens and impaired muscle metabolic status. In addition, while in the hospital, septic patients often experience prolonged periods of physical inactivity due to bed rest, which may exacerbate the myopathy. Physical rehabilitation emerges as a potential tool to prevent the decline in physical function in septic patients. Currently, there is no consensus regarding effective rehabilitation strategies for sepsis-induced myopathy. The optimal timing to initiate the rehabilitation intervention currently lacks consensus as well. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the fundamental pathobiological mechanisms of sepsis-induced myopathy and discuss the recent evidence on in-hospital and post-discharge rehabilitation as well as other potential interventions that may prevent physical disability and death of sepsis survivors.
Univ. of Kiel’s MIMOLA System

MIMOLA (Machine Independent Microprogramming Language) refers to both a design language and a design method. MSS1 was Zimmermann’s original software system; MSS2 is the current version at the University of Kiel. Honeywell also has a new version. The MIMOLA system includes scheduling, data path synthesis, and controller design. See also IIT Delhi’s Synthesis System— Marwedel is also involved with that system — and Honeywell’s V-Synth System, which adds a VHDL front end to MSS1.
F-actin cross-linking enhances the stability of force generation in disordered actomyosin networks

Myosin molecular motors and actin cross-linking proteins (ACPs) are known to mediate the generation and transmission of mechanical forces within the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton that drive major cellular processes such as cell division and migration. However, how motors and ACPs interact collectively over diverse timescales to modulate the time-dependent mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton remains unclear. In this study, we present a three-dimensional agent-based computational model of the cortical actomyosin network to quantitatively determine the effects of motor activity and the density and kinetics of ACPs on the accumulation and maintenance of mechanical tension within a disordered actomyosin network. We found that motors accumulate large stress quickly by behaving as temporary cross-linkers although this stress is relaxed over time unless there are sufficient passive ACPs to stabilize the network. Stabilization by ACPs helps motors to generate forces up to their maximum potential, leading to significant enhancement of the efficiency and stability of stress generation. Thus, we demonstrated that the force-dependent kinetics of ACP dissociation plays a critical role for the accumulation and sustainment of stress and the structural remodeling of networks.
Interference of Waves

In the preceding chapter we introduced the concept of waves as a periodic disturbance of a medium. We used familiar concepts such as waves on a string or in water to illustrate the phenomena. The general equation for a traveling wave was derived as was the concept of phase shift. In this chapter we will start with the behavior of two waves when they come together and the effect produced by their relative phase. We will first discuss this phenomenon with waves in water and then extend it to light waves. At this point we will assume, as did early investigators, that air could be the substance in which light-wave motion occurs. However, we will show in a later chapter that light waves do not require some substance or medium to support them.
Androgenetic alopecia in the paediatric population: a retrospective review of 57 patients

Summary Background Hair loss is an unwelcome event at any age, but it can be particularly distressing for adolescents and their families. While androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in adults, little is known about its prevalence, clinical features and response to treatments in the paediatric population. Objectives To better characterize the causes of alopecia in a paediatric population. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review to identify all patients with hair loss seen in an academic paediatric dermatology practice at New York University over a 12-year period to better characterize the causes of alopecia in this population. We review the clinical and histological features, natural progression and associated laboratory abnormalities of AGA in 57 paediatric patients. Results AGA was identified as the most frequent cause of hair loss in adolescents and the second most common diagnosis overall. The male to female ratio was 2 : 1 and the average age at initial presentation with AGA was 14·8 years. Adolescent girls had diffuse thinning or thinning at the crown, and boys frequently presented with female pattern hair loss. When biopsies were performed, perifollicular inflammation was a common finding. A family history of AGA was reported in 83% of patients. Laboratory evaluation for androgens revealed polycystic ovarian syndrome in three girls and late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia in one boy. Conclusions AGA is the most common form of hair loss in adolescents, and can be the presenting sign of an underlying endocrine disorder. An accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for appropriate medical and psychosocial intervention when warranted.
A ceramic nozzle for the NASA-Langley 2.4-m /8.0-ft/ high temperature structures tunnel

Two materials, a refractory castable ceramic and a SiO2-SiO2 composite, were fabricated as nozzle inserts for the Langley Research Center's 2.4-m (8.0-ft) high temperature structures tunnel. The high pressure and intense heat of the CH4-air products of the combustion-gas stream limits the materials that can be used in this tunnel. The castable-ceramic material showed good resistance to erosion and the thermal loads imposed on it by the gas stream but failed in tension when subjected to high hoop stresses. The SiO2-SiO2-composite nozzle insert withstood the thermomechanical loads but eroded unacceptably with increasing test temperature and pressure.
Candida Antigen Detection in Two Premature Neonates with Disseminated Candidiasis

Two premature neonates with birth weight less than 1,200 g developed systemic candidiasis during treatment with multiple antibiotics and parenteral hyperalimentation. Clinical findings included signs of necrotizing enterocolitis in one patient and multiple fungal renal cortical abscesses in the other. The Candida antigen, mannan, was present in the sera of both patients at the time of clinical deterioration. Multiple blood cultures and urine and stool samples from both patients grew Candida albicans. Systemic antifungal therapy was given for a 6-week period and was associated with prolonged antigenemia despite negative findings on follow-up cultures. Antifungal therapy was stopped soon after antigen was no longer detected. Both patients recovered without evidence of further fungal infection. Candida antigen detection may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of premature infants with disseminated candidiasis.
Electronic Energy and Charge Transfer in Slow Atomic Collisions: A Time-Dependent Molecular Orbital Approach

We describe in what follows a Time-Dependent Molecular Orbital (TDMO) theory recently developed with two main objectives: to provide insight on electronically diabatic phenomena due to nuclear motions, and to implement computational methods for many-electron, polyatomic systems.
Are Discrepancies in Waiting Time for Chest Pain at Emergency Departments between African Americans and Whites Improving Over Time

Abstract Background One of the Healthy People 2010 goals was to eliminate racial disparities in the U.S health system. To date, we have limited knowledge about the impact of Healthy People on racial disparities at emergency departments (EDs). Objective We sought to investigate whether there has been an improvement in ED waiting time to see a physician for African Americans (AAs) compared to whites with chest pain symptoms that suggest acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods A retrospective analysis of the National Hospital and Ambulatory Care Survey data from 2004 to 2011 was conducted in adults with visits related to ACS. We compared covariate-adjusted odds ratios for race for each study year and 2011. In addition, adjusted average differences in waiting times (i.e., time to see a physician) for AAs and whites for each study year were compared. Results A total of 15,438 visits related to ACS symptoms were made during the study period. The waiting time for AAs (median, 33 min) was statistically longer compared to whites (median, 21 min). In addition, the adjusted waiting time for AAs was 30% longer compared to whites (95% confidence interval, 24–36%). Pairwise comparison of adjusted odds ratios between the year 2011 and other years was not significantly different (all p values = 0.32), suggesting no change in the difference in waiting times during the study period. Conclusion Among patients presenting to the ED with symptoms suggesting ACS, AA compared to whites waited longer to receive care. In addition, this difference in waiting time persisted during the study period, even after the implementation of the Healthy People 2010 initiative. Additional research is warranted to investigate the underlying reasons for unequal care offered to AAs at EDs and the implications on disease outcome.
Activity measurements of planktonic microbial and microfouling communities in a eutrophic estuary.

(/sup 3/H)thymidine incorporation, the rate of reduction of iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) to INT formazan normalized to DNA, and the ratio of ATP to DNA were adapted to measure the activity of attached and unattached microbial assemblages of Bayboro Harbor, Florida. Activity measurements by (/sup 3/H)thymidine incorporation were made of cells attached to polystyrene culture dishes, in unfiltered water samples, and in the 1-..mu..m fraction were higher than those for cells either in unfiltered water or in the <1-..mu..m-filtered fraction. By the rate of reduction of INT to INT formazan normalized to DNA and by ATP-to-DNA ratios, attached cells were also more active than cells in unfiltered water samples. These results indicate that the microenvironment afforded by attachment is a more beneficial habitat for microbial growth. Reasons for greater activity by natural populations of attached bacteria are discussed.
Nonstationary stochastic analysis of flow in a heterogeneous semiconfined aquifer

In this study, we investigate two-dimensional flow through a heterogeneous, semiconfined aquifer. In the presence of leakage the mean flow varies in space and the fluctuations of the flow become nonstationary spatially. Such a situation calls for a nonstationary stochastic approach since the classical stationary stochastic approaches are no longer appropriate. We make use of a nonstationary spectral method to account for such nonstationarities in finite semiconfined aquifers. Analytical expressions are obtained for head and specific discharge covariances that account for the spatial variability in the mean flow but neglect the contributions of the finite boundaries. Closed-form analytical expressions for the variances of hydraulic head and specific discharge are derived. The statistical structures of the head and specific discharge fields are investigated in terms of the leakage factor and the spatial structure of hydraulic conductivity field. Results based on the nonstationary approach show that the stationary assumption is inappropriate even for a small leakage.
Does a history of mild traumatic brain injury increase suicide risk in veterans with PTSD

Objective: Research shows that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) independently increase suicide risk; however, scant research has investigated whether mTBI increases suicide risk above and beyond the risk associated with PTSD alone. Design: The current research compared suicide risk factors among a matched sample of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) military personnel and veterans with PTSD alone or PTSD and a history of an mTBI. Results: Differences in the assessed risk factors were small and suggest that if PTSD and mTBI are associated with elevations in suicide risk relative to PTSD alone, the added risk is likely mediated or confounded by PTSD symptom severity. Conclusion: This finding highlights the importance of screening and treating military personnel and veterans for PTSD. Future explication of the impact of TBI-related impairments on suicide risk will be critical as we strive to ensure safety and optimize care for our military personnel and veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Determinants of Marital Quality in an Arranged Marriage Society

Drawing on a uniquely large number of items on marital quality, this study explores the determinants of marital quality in Chitwan Valley, Nepal. Marital quality is measured with five dimensions identified through exploratory factor analysis, comprising satisfaction, communication, togetherness, problems, and disagreements. Gender, education, spouse choice, and marital duration emerge as the most important determinants of these dimensions of marital quality. Specifically, men, those with more schooling, those who participated in the choice of their spouse, and those who have been married longer have higher levels of marital quality. By contrast, caste, occupation, age at marriage, and number of children have little to no association with marital quality. However, while we identify key determinants of marital quality in this context, the majority of variation in marital quality remains unexplained.
Determinants of Vendor Patronage in Business Service Markets: An Integrative Model

ABSTRACT This paper advances a conceptual model of vendor selection and patronage by customers of industrial and business services. The model draws on three literatures: industrial buyer behavior, service quality, and relationship marketing. The model distinguishes between pre-purchase and post-use assessments, and considers the determinants for each stage separately. At each stage, patronage is posited to be driven by: perceived service quality, trust, and perceived value. In addition to the technical and functional quality discussed in the current services literature, business service customers assess vendors for their long-term business commitments for initial patronage decision, and for evidence of trust building behaviors in the ongoing relationship for re-patronage decisions. Propositions based on the model are advanced, and important future research directions and managerial implications of the model are suggested.
On the Theory of Electrostatic Alternators

A more elegant method than that previously given for the solution of the equations involved in the theory of electrostatic alternators is given, and illustrated by application to an electrostatic alternator of eight inductors and eight carriers, in which each carrier as it comes in front of an inductor is connected to the next following inductor by means of a brush and insulated arm. The method can be extended to the solution of electrostatic alternators of $m$ carriers and $m$ inductors, where each carrier is connected to the inductor next following, also where each carrier is connected by means of brushes properly placed to the $p\mathrm{th}$ inductor following. It may also be applied to electrostatic alternators with $m$ inductors and $2m$, $3m$, or $4m$ carriers, and to electrostatic alternators of the Wimshurst type. With regard to the eight inductor alternator it is shown that three waves travel around the machine with periods corresponding to the time of 2 revolutions, 1 revolution, and $\frac{2}{3}$ revolutions. The amplitude factor for each wave per eighth revolution is calculated approximately. Finally the effect of the initial conditions (potentials) on the action of the machine is discussed. It is shown that the potentials of the inductors of the machine eventually lag $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{4}$ behind each other.
Human tissue-engineered small intestine forms from postnatal progenitor cells

Abstract Purpose Tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) represents a potential cure for short bowel syndrome (SBS). We previously reported full-thickness intestine formation using an organoid units-on-scaffold approach in rodent and swine models. Transplanted intestinal xenografts have been documented to survive from human fetal tissue but not from postnatal tissue. We now present the first report of human TESI from postnatal tissue. Methods Organoid units (OU) were prepared from human small bowel resection specimens, loaded onto biodegradable scaffolds and implanted into NOD/SCID gamma chain-deficient mice. After 4weeks, TESI was harvested and immunostained for β2-microglobulin to identify human tissue, villin for enterocytes, lysozyme for Paneth cells, chromogranin-A for enteroendocrine cells, mucin-2 for goblet cells, smooth muscle actin and desmin to demonstrate muscularis, and S-100 for nerves. Results All TESI was of human origin. Immunofluorescence staining of human TESI reveals the presence of all four differentiated cell types of mature human small intestine, in addition to the muscularis and the supporting intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts. Nerve tissue is also present. Conclusions Our technique demonstrates survival, growth, and differentiation of postnatally derived human small intestinal OU into full thickness TESI in murine hosts. This regenerative medicine strategy may eventually assist in the treatment of SBS.
West Atlantic abyssal circulation during the past 120,000 years

Three faunal assemblages of benthic foraminifera are associated with the three abyssal water masses of the West Atlantic. Faunal distribution 15,000 yr ago indicates cessation of Arctic bottom water flow and a modified supply of Antarctic Water during the last full glacial period, resulting in an apparent warming of the bottom water. Faunal distribution and thus the deep sea circulation were similar to present conditions during the last interglacial 120,000 yr ago.
Simultaneously contrasting anchors

Subjects were required to judge a series of weights in the presence of two opposing anchor weights, one heavier and one lighter than the series members. It was predicted that the anchors would enhance each other’s effectiveness (contrast). The findings are similar to that found for the single-anchor experiment, with the exception that, and contrary to prediction, the heavier-weight anchor reduced the effectiveness of the lighter-weight anchor. The opposite effect was not true. It is suggested that a pair of opposing anchors could be identified that would completely cancel each other’s effectiveness.
Detection of transcripts for delayed rectifier potassium channels in the Xenopus laevis inner ear.

Abstract Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify sequences for delayed rectifier potassium (drk) channel transcripts in Xenopus laevis inner ear and brain. We used degenerate primers that spanned a region between the N-terminal cytoplasmic portion and a region located between the S2 and S3 transmembrane domains of the potassium channel protein. When inner ear total RNA or brain mRNA was used as a template for RT-PCR, a unique product of the expected size (∼560 bp) was observed as a single band after electrophoresis on agarose gels. The PCR product from reactions using X. laevis genomic DNA as template was similarly sized, indicating a lack of introns in this region. The RT-PCR products from inner ear and brain were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the X. laevis inner ear and brain clones were identical. Sequence alignments of the cloned RT-PCR products with posted GenBank sequences established that the drk sequences from X. laevis inner ear and brain share highest identity with larval X. laevis brain, mouse, rat, and human Kv2 sequences. Positive signals were obtained from inner ear and brain mRNA in Northern dot blots hybridized with digoxigenin labeled probes from the inner ear clone. Taken together, results provide evidence for the expression of Kv2 sequences in the X. laevis inner ear and brain.
A low-temperature-liquifying medium for growth and fruiting of Coprinus congregatus

Abstract The use of a low-temperature-liquifying material, Pluronic Polyol F-127, permits the isolation of mycelia of Coprinus congregatus and other fungi from semisolid media with no damage to the fungal cells. Cultures gelled with polyol display the same enzyme patterns as agar-grown cultures and not the patterns of liquid-grown cultures. The use of polyol allows the harvesting of clean mycelia for protoplasting, whereas agar inhibits protoplasting. This procedure is of value in the harvesting, protoplasting, and/or extraction of mycelia that display different biochemical or genetic expression on solid as opposed to liquid media.
SU-E-T-168: Evaluation of Normal Tissue Damage in Head and Neck Cancer Treatments

Purpose: To evaluate normal tissue toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer by calculating average survival fraction (SF) and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) for normal tissue cells. Methods: 20 patients with head and neck cancer were included in this study. IMRT plans were generated using EclipseTM treatment planning system by dosimetrist following clinical radiotherapy treatment guidelines. The average SF for three different normal tissue cells of each concerned structure can be calculated from dose spectrum acquired from differential dose volume histogram (DVH) using linear quadratic model. The three types of normal tissues include radiosensitive, moderately radiosensitive and radio-resistant that represents 70%, 50% and 30% survival fractions, respectively, for a 2-Gy open field. Finally, EUDs for three types of normal tissue of each structure were calculated from average SF. Results: The EUDs of the brainstem, spinal cord, parotid glands, brachial plexus and etc were calculated. Our analysis indicated that the brainstem can absorb as much as 14.3% of prescription dose to the tumor if the cell line is radiosensitive. In addition, as much as 16.1% and 18.3% of prescription dose were absorbed by the brainstem for moderately radiosensitive and radio-resistant cells, respectively. For the spinal cord, the EUDs reached upmore » to 27.6%, 35.0% and 42.9% of prescribed dose for the three types of radiosensitivities respectively. Three types of normal cells for parotid glands can get up to 65.6%, 71.2% and 78.4% of prescription dose, respectively. The maximum EUDs of brachial plexsus were calculated as 75.4%, 76.4% and 76.7% of prescription for three types of normal cell lines. Conclusion: The results indicated that EUD can be used to quantify and evaluate the radiation damage to surrounding normal tissues. Large variation of normal tissue EUDs may come from variation of target volumes and radiation beam orientations among the patients.« less
Diffusion and Syncretism: The Modern Jazz Tradition

This article presents an analysis of the musical syncretism involved in the development of a modern jazz tradition in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century. It shows how a professional ethos among popular musicians during this period guided their reinterpretation and reinvention of folk, popular, and classical music practices in the creation of this music tradition. It further argues that this ethos led them, in their low-status positions as popular musicians, to affirm their legitimacy through the creation of a high-art aesthetic. In general, this study shows how the social context in the diffusion of jazz practices affected the transformation of these practices in value and form in this century.
Lead Zirconate Titanate Fine Fibers Derived from Alkoxide‐Based Sol‐Gel Technology

Fine-scale fibers with diameters 650°C were needed to achieve phase-pure perovskite fibers. Dense fibers with diameters of 10-70 µm and grain sizes <1 µm were found with sintering temperatures up to 1000°C. Increasing the firing temperature to 1200°C for 30 min resulted in grain growth up to 2.5 µm. Electrical properties of both lanthanum-doped and undoped PZT fibers were measured and were comparable to bulk disks fabricated using powder derived from the same sol.
An analysis of problems of resettlement of the Indochinese refugees in the United States

This paper describes the results of a survey investigation on the adjustment of 1638 Indochinese refugees who have resettled in the United States. Refugees reported several areas of adjustment difficulty, although problems which reflected the trauma of separation and emigration were viewed as the most serious. Education, income, and employment were significantly related to indices of acculturation and alienation, thus indicating an interdependence between socioeconomic and sociocultural areas of adjustment. The importance of reinforcing mechanisms of social support among refugees is discussed.
A Low-Frequency Infrared Study of the Reaction of Methoxymethylsilanes with Silica.

Abstract A thin film infrared technique is used to observe bands due to hydrogen-bonded and chemisorbed methoxymethylsilanes on fumed silica in the low-frequency region below 1300 cm−1. The low-frequency region contains the characteristic bands due to Si–O–Si, Si–O, Si–C, Si–CH3, and SiO–C modes. Band assignments are aided by ab initio calculations and comparison to thin film experiments of adsorbed chloromethylsilanes. The spectral interpretation was expected to be more complicated than that of the corresponding chlorosilanes because the strong SiO–C alkoxy bands lie in the same region as the Si–O–Si bands. However, the SiO–C bands are weak in intensity when participating in hydrogen-bonding interactions enabling easy detection of the Si–O–Si bands due to chemisorbed species. By combining the low-frequency data with the spectral information for the hydroxyl region, a clearer picture of the nature of the bonding to the surface is obtained. When adsorbed at room temperature, all methoxy groups participate in hydrogen bonding with the surface hydroxyl groups. When the reaction is performed at 150°C, the silanes are chemisorbed via a Si–O–Si bond and the remaining methoxy groups of the chemisorbed species are hydrogen bonded to the surface hydroxyl groups. At reaction temperature of 400°C there is no evidence of hydrogen bonding but the spectra are complicated by the reaction of methanol with the surface.
Characterization of Air Contaminants Associated with Type of Swine Production Facilities

Darby Murphy, DVM, MPH; Shannon Engelman; Peter C. Raynor, PhD; Gurumurthy Ramachandran, PhD; Bruce H. Alexander, PhDUpper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center, University of Minnesota Sch...
Reverse tolerance to stimulant-induced abnormal behavior

Abstract Changes in the behavior of female rats induced by repeated, daily administrations of d-amphetamine or cocaine were determined in two experiments. Potentiation of stereotyped behavior in the initial post-injection period, which suggests a decrease in the latency to reach maximum stereotyped behavior, was found during and following daily treatment with both drugs. In addition, the maximum level of stereotyped behavior was increased during and following treatment with cocaine. In two experiments, behavior induced by apomorphine was potentiated during the initial post-injection period following a course of repeated, daily administrations of d-amphetamine or cocaine, suggesting the development of supersensitive dopaminergic post-synaptic mechanisms.
Tensile properties of glass microballoon-epoxy resin syntactic foams

The effect of hollow glass particle (microballoon) volume fraction in the range of 0.3–0.6 on the tensile properties and fracture mode of syntactic foams is characterized in the present research. Sixteen types of syntactic foams have been fabricated and tested. Four types of glass microballoons, having 220, 320, 380, and 460 kg/m3 density, are used with epoxy resin matrix for making the syntactic foam samples. These foams contain 30, 40, 50 and 60% microballoons by volume. All types of microballoons have the same size but different wall thickness, which reflects as a difference in their density. It is observed that the tensile strength increases with a decrease in the volume fraction of microballoons. All types of syntactic foams showed 60–80% decrease in the tensile strength compared with that of the neat resin. The foams containing low strength microballoons showed lower tensile modulus compared with that of the neat resin, but the presence of high strength microballoons led to an increase in the tensile modulus of the composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1254–1261, 2006