cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When the Gods were Intelligent, and Education was Enchanting…

(1997). When the Gods were Intelligent, and Education was Enchanting… Self & Society: Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 12-17.
Genetic Analysis of the Soybean — Heterodera Glycines Interaction

An understanding of the genetics of nematode-plant interaction is essential to development of both classically and biotechnologically derived resistant host cultivars. Unfortunately, the study of this interaction has been very one-sided, focusing primarily on the genetics of plant resistance and almost not at all on the genetics of nematode parasitism. The small size and obligately parasitic life habit of phytophagous nematodes has hindered genetic analysis of nematode parasitism. In addition, many of the most important sedentary endoparasitic forms exhibit modified reproductive strategies (e.g., mitotic or meiotic parthenogenesis in Meloidogyne spp.) that preclude classical genetic approaches to analysis. The cyst nematodes, however, are primarily amphimictic and are amenable to genetic analyses.
AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ATRIAL FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with tissue fibrosis. We examined age and gender differences in atrial fibrosis quantified using late-gadolinium enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI) LGE-MRI was performed in 908 patients with AF. Patient characteristics including age, gender and comorbidities were
The Interaction of Hsp70 with Phosphatidylserine Membranes is Mediated by a Highly Positive Region of the Molecule

Heat shock proteins (hsp) participate in many cellular processes during normal physiological conditions. In particular, they are involved in protein folding and are referred to as molecular chaperones. During stress conditions, hsp participate in the repair and recovery from an insult and confer protection from subsequent stresses. In addition, they are released into the extracellular milieu where they act as signaling molecules directed at activating the immune system to avoid the propagation of the insult. Hsp70, the major inducible form of the hsp family, does not contain any consensus secretory signal that predicts its export via the classical ER-Golgi secretory pathway. The proposed mechanism for the release of Hsp70 requires an initiated translocation into the plasma membrane. However, Hsp70 does not contain any hydrophobic domain that can predict its insertion into lipid membranes. Using an in vitro liposome insertion assay, we have determined that Hsp70 displays selectivity for negatively charge lipids and its insertion is enhanced by a decrease in the membrane fluidity. The region that is inserted into the lipid membrane has been mapped toward the C-terminus end, which contains the peptide binding domain. Lipid recognition/insertion requires a highly positive region on the molecule. Finally, the addition of ADP, but not ATP, reduced membrane insertion, suggesting that the interaction with the lipid bilayer is dependent on the conformation of the molecule.Supported by NIH R01 GM098455.
An Elementary Discussion of Business Fraud Auditing

In this article, the author classifies fraud auditing as follows: internal control review, fraud awareness auditing and fraud specific auditing. The author compares the three levels of business fraud auditing,—auditors, audit scopes and audit reports according to their audit objectives. As far as fraud specific auditing is concerned, different auditors, government, independent or internal, may play distinct roles due to their special training, experience, competence and so on.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

SUMMARY Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a precise syndrome defined by clinical, roentgenographic, physiologic, and histopathologic features. Clinically, most patients have a nonproductive cough and dyspnea on exertion. The most common physical finding is the presence of crackles over the lower portions of both lungs; also, there may be clubbing, cyanosis, and evidence of pulmonary hypertension. The chest roentgenogram may be normal but generally shows a reticular or reticulonodular pattern of interstitial lung disease. Vital capacity and lung compliance may be normal in early disease but typically become reduced as the disease progresses. Other physiologic alterations included reduced diffusing capacity, elevation in the proportion of wasted ventilation, normal maximum breathing capacity, exercise-induced arterial oxygen desaturation, and pulmonary hypertension (particularly during exercise). The earliest pathologic changes following injury to the alveolarcapillary unit is fibrinous exudation into the alveolar spaces and proliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells. Also characteristic of the early tissue reaction is an alveoli tis, with the influx of inflammatory and immune effector cells into the distal lung parenchyma. If the alveolitis continues unchecked, connective tissue alterations result in marked thickening of the alveolar walls and finally in severe derangement of the lung parenchyma. The natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis varies considerably. Some patients progress to end-stage disease within a few months, and some patients survive more than 15 years with this syndrome. However, the average survival is around four years. An important determinant of survival is the responsiveness to therapy. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatmeht, but an objective response is evident in only a minority of patients. To be successful, therapy must be started while there is an active alveolitis. Commonly used methods of staging the disease, such as chest roentgenograms and pulmonary function tests, are not sensitive to the presence of alveolitis. Current investigation mainly involves the utility of new methods for detecting and monitoring alveolitis. Also, progress is being made in understanding the basic immunologic alterations responsible for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These advances in basic and clinical research offer the hope of improved therapy and prognosis for patients with this syndrome.
Asystole During Onyx Embolization of a Pediatric Arteriovenous Malformation: A Severe Case of the Trigeminocardiac Reflex

Background Trigeminal-cardiac reflex (TCR) from the stimulation of sensory branches of trigeminal nerve can lead to hemodynamic instability. This phenomenon has been described during ophthalmologic, craniofacial, and skull base surgeries. TCR has been reported rarely with endovascular onyx embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas. Case Description We report a case of TCR during endovascular Onyx embolization of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A 16-year-old boy presented with a large cerebellar AVM with arterial feeders from the external carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery branches. The middle meningeal artery was catheterized, through which dimethyl sulfoxide was injected, followed by Onyx, into the nidus and the feeders. Near the completion of embolization, patient became bradycardic and proceeded to asystole; he was resuscitated with chest compression, atropine, and vasopressors. We used PubMed to identify the reported cases of Onyx and other endovascular embolizations complicated by hemodynamic instability. We found 16 cases of endovascular onyx embolization complicated by clinically significant hemodynamic changes in the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula, cavernous carotid fistula, and juvenile nasopharygeal angiofibroma but not with AVMs. In these cases, arterial supply to the nidus involved the sensory receptive field of trigeminal nerve. Hemodynamic changes have been reported during the injection of dimethyl sulfoxide before the introduction of Onyx, as well as Onyx injection and cast formation. Conclusions TCR can lead to significant hemodynamic changes during endovascular Onyx embolization of vascular malformations (both pial AVM and dural arteriovenous fistulas) involving receptive field of trigeminal nerve. Therefore, the anesthesiologist should be made aware of treatment approach before intervention and appropriate precautions taken.
New Directions For π

Symbolic computations can lead to unexpected and new formulas for famous constants. The four formulas displayed here (from [AW]) all arose by asking Mathematica to evaluate the abstract expression $$\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\left({- 4} \right)^{- k} \left({\frac{{a_1}}{{4k + 1}} + \frac{{a_2}}{{4k + 2}} + \frac{{a_3}}{{4k + 3}} + \frac{{a_4}}{{4k + 4}}} \right)} $$ and finding values of the coefficients causing helpful cancellation.
Inter-Session Network Coding Schemes for 1-to-2 Downlink Access-Point Networks With Sequential Hard Deadline Constraints

Next generation wireless networks will carry traffic from a wide range of applications, and many of them may require packets to be delivered before their respective deadlines. In this paper, we investigate using inter-session network coding to send packets wirelessly for two deadline-constrained unicast sessions. In particular, each unicast session aims to transmit a file, whose packets have hard sequential deadline constraints. We first characterize the corresponding deadline-constrained capacity region under heterogeneous channel conditions and heterogeneous deadline constraints. We show that this deadline-constrained capacity region can be achieved asymptotically by modifying the existing generation-based (G-B) schemes . However, despite its asymptotic optimality, the G-B scheme has very poor performance for small and medium file sizes. To address these problems, we develop a new immediately-decodable network coding (IDNC) scheme that empirically demonstrates much better performance for short file sizes, and we prove analytically its asymptotic optimality when used to send large files. Our analysis uses a novel version of drift analysis, which could also be of independent interest to other IDNC schemes.
Cost-Reference Particle Filtering for Dynamic Systems with Nonlinear and Conditionally Linear States

Cost-reference particle filtering (CRPF) is a methodology for recursive estimation of unobserved states of dynamic systems using a stream of particles and their associated costs. It is similar to the standard particle filtering (SPF) methodology in that it is comprised of similar steps, that is, (1) propagation of particles, (2) cost (weight) computation, and (3) resampling. The main difference between CRPF and SPF is that the former uses very mild statistical assumptions and the latter is based on strong probabilistic assumptions. In problems where some of the states are linear given the rest of the states, one can employ an SPF scheme with improved filtering performance. In the literature on SPF, this methodology is known as Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering. In this paper, we show how we can exploit a similar idea in the context of CRPF.
Cerebellar Tonsillar Ectopia

The cerebellar tonsils have a range of “normal positioning” relative to the foramen magnum, and the range of normal particularly depends on age, whereas the degree of descent/position (in millimeters) of the tonsils has a normal distribution relative to age. Traditionally defined, a Chiari 1 malformation was simply defined as a hindbrain and skull anomaly consisting of “tonsillar herniation” below the foramen magnum; however, it was later defined more by the neuroradiologic criteria of descent of the tonsils 5 mm or greater below the foramen magnum with symptoms of tussive headache (i.e., with coughing). In a seminal work by Barkovich and coworkers in 1986 that consisted of over 200 normal patients and 25 with Chiari 1 malformations, the mean position of the tonsils in the normal group was 1 mm above the foramen magnum (range of 8 mm above to 5 mm below). Meanwhile, in Chiari 1 patients, the mean tonsillar descent was 13 mm below the foramen magnum (range of 3–29 mm below). The authors found that a tonsillar position of 2 mm or greater below the foramen magnum had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 98.5 % for predicting symptomatic patients. Later, it was shown that the most consistent finding in Chiari 1 patients was tonsillar “herniation” (i.e., downward descent with mass effect) of 5 mm or more in adult patients, while patients with tonsils 3–5 mm below the foramen magnum might be asymptomatic but did not exclude that diagnosis. Notably, larger prospective studies of the asymptomatic general population have demonstrated that tonsillar “ectopia” (i.e., descent without clear mass effect) of less than 5 mm is present in 0.5–1.0 % of the adult population as an incidental finding; however, it is not certain whether such patients with less than 5 mm of tonsillar ectopia eventually develop symptoms, and the degree of compression of the cervicomedullary junction is not well described. Hence the need for correlation with the presence of clinical symptoms. Other factors that may affect the tonsillar position include possible normal or slight differences in the degree of ectopia from side to side and that the degree of ectopia may change slightly even with the cardiac cycle (up to 0.4–0.5 mm in controls and even to a greater degree in Chiari 1 patients).
Work-family Balance and Marital Satisfaction: The Mediating Effects of Mental and Physical Health:

Applying the stress-divorce model to explain the impact of spillover stress, this study analyzes 1,961 married participants in the National Study of the Changing Workforce. Specifically, it tests t...
The advancements of genomics and data integration in sarcoma research

In the age of big data, genomics and clinical research have reached a crossroads. A wealth of data is being generated, but it is becoming increasingly complicated to analyze these data to extract meaningful results. The ability to understand biological systems holistically has unprecedented potential to transform how cancers are treated. Recent major advances leading biomedical research towards “systems medicine” have been fueled by high-throughput platforms, such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing, which can capture vast amounts of data in different genomic spaces. Unfortunately, because of high dimensionality and complex relationships among these data, inferring comprehensive and useful biological models has proven computationally and statistically challenging. However, novel bioinformatic methods for data integration of cancer genomic datasets have been developed. In this review, we will describe the applications of various genomic approaches in sarcoma research and introduce bioinformatic methods for data integration. With the continuing evolution of technological and bioinformatic methodologies, the application of big data within clinics and hospitals will ultimately result in significant improvements on how cancers are detected and treated.
Agency and Psychological Causation

Agents are physical, living animals. They are the loci of movements and changes. They are also thinking, intending subjects. And they exist and develop in historical, social settings. There are among the facts we must fit together in a coherent picture of agency.
Development and validation of a claims-based approach to proxy ECOG performance status across ten tumor groups.

Aim To develop a claims-based prediction model of poor performance status (PS) in commercially insured and Medicare supplemental beneficiaries with cancer. Patients & methods Retrospective analysis was conducted of electronic medical records (EMR) from community oncology practices linked to MarketScan claims. Multivariable logistic regression predicted PS scores from the EMR using claims-based diagnostic and procedure codes. Results The study included 8442 patients diagnosed with cancer from 2007 to 2015. Overall, 8.1% of patients had poor EMR-based PS. Bootstrapping results from the final model showed sensitivity and specificity of approximately 75% with a predicted probability cutpoint = 0.078, c-statistic = 0.821 and pseudo-R2 = 0.25. Conclusion Patients with poor PS can be identified in claims data. This prediction model enables future studies evaluating cancer treatments and outcomes to account for PS.
Bioequivalence for Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs

Narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs are those drugs where small differences in dose or blood concentration may lead to serious therapeutic failures and/or adverse drug reactions that are life-threatening or result in persistent or significant disability or incapacity. This chapter describes various public perspectives on the interchangeability of NTI drugs, discusses the characteristics of NTI drugs, provides an overview of regulatory definitions and bioequivalence approaches taken by major regulatory bodies on NTI drugs, as well as presents case studies to illustrate an example process of classifying drugs with NTI. The FDA’s approach recommends a four-way, fully replicated, crossover design in healthy subjects or patients to permit simultaneous equivalence comparison of the mean and within-subject variability of the test and reference drug products, which offers greater assurance of therapeutic equivalence of NTI drug products. The challenges and future opportunities regarding NTI drugs are also discussed.
Transient Optical Properties of Laser-Excited Si

The optical transmission characteristics of the ~100 nsec duration, high reflectivity phase induced by intense pulsed laser excitation have been studied for photon energies from 0.79 eV to 3.1 eV. The transmission through ~1μm thick silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) samples is ≲ 1% throughout this range. On ion-implantation-amorphized SOS the rapid rise in transmission which occurs in the 50–100 nsec following the high reflectivity phase can be used to estimate the regrowth velocity. Beyond 200 nsec the transmission recovery at 633 and 514nm can be used to estimate the Si temperature and cooling rate. From the differences observed between amorphous and crystalline starting material we estimate the latent heat of recrystallization of the amorphous phase.
BOX MODEL ANALYSIS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY AMMONIUM AND NITRATE FLUXES

Abstract: A kinematic box model using salt as natural tracer is employed as an analytical tool to estimate longitudinal and vertical transport of ammonium and nitrate in Chesapeake Bay. Both conservative behavior and non-conservative nutrient addition and removal are quantitated for the two layers of each segment in this partially mixed estuary. Results suggest the lower layer is an ammonium source year round. North of 38°53'N new nitrogen input may be significant in supporting phytoplankton productivity during winter, but south of this latitude nitrogen regenerated in the upper mixed layer is more significant to primary production. The most active regions for longitudinal flux are near the Potomac River mouth and near 39°00'N.
Automated judgment of document qualities: Research Articles

The authors report on a series of experiments to automate the assessment of document qualities such as depth and objectivity. The primary purpose is to develop a quality-sensitive functionality, orthogonal to relevance, to select documents for an interactive question-answering system. The study consisted of two stages. In the classifier construction stage, nine document qualities deemed important by information professionals were identified and classifiers were developed to predict their values. In the confirmative evaluation stage, the performance of the developed methods was checked using a different document collection. The quality prediction methods worked well in the second stage. The results strongly suggest that the best way to predict document qualities automatically is to construct classifiers on a person-by-person basis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

A relationship between immune deficiency and lymphoid neoplasia has been recognized for more than 30 years.1 2 3Recurring themes among these immunodeficiency-associated malignant lymphomas include origination in and/or involvement of extranodal and unusual anatomic sites, high grade histopathology, B lymphocyte lineage derivation, a frequent association with Epstein-Barr virus infection and often aggressive clinical behavior.4 5 6 Therefore, it should not be too surprising that individuals suffering from HIV-induced immunosuppression also are at significantly increased risk for developing malignant lymphomas that exhibit these same clinical and biological features.
Lazy approximation for solving continuous finite-horizon MDPs

Solving Markov decision processes (MDPs) with continuous state spaces is a challenge due to, among other problems. the well-known curse of dimensionality. Nevertheless, numerous real-world applications such as transportation planning and telescope observation scheduling exhibit a critical dependence on continuous states. Current approaches to continuous-state MDPs include discretizing their transition models. In this paper, we propose and study an alternative, discretization-free approach we call lazy approximation. Empirical study shows that lazy approximation performs much better than discretization, and we successfully applied this new technique to a more realistic planetary rover planning problem.
Preoperative and Postoperative Fasting in Children

This article addresses the preoperative fast in the context of its historic background, the physiology of gastric emptying, and recent clinical studies. A rationale is developed for minimizing the traditional preoperative fasting interval for elective surgery. The timing and the necessity for patients to resume ingesting clear liquids in the postoperative period is also explored.
Ion Removal Performance, Structural/Compositional Dynamics, and Electrochemical Stability of Layered Manganese Oxide Electrodes in Hybrid Capacitive Deionization

Hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) is a derivative of capacitive deionization (CDI) method for water desalination, in which one carbon electrode is replaced with a redox-active intercalation electrode, resulting in substantial improvements in ion removal capacity over traditional CDI. The search for high-performing intercalation host compounds is ongoing. In this study, two-layered manganese oxides (LMOs), with sodium (Na-birnessite) and magnesium (Mg-buserite) ions stabilizing the interlayer region, were for the first time evaluated as HCDI electrodes for the removal of ions from NaCl and MgCl2 solutions to understand structural/compositional dynamics and electrochemical stability of LMO electrodes over extended cycling. Both materials demonstrated excellent initial ion removal performance with the highest capacities of 37.2 mg g–1 (637 μmol g–1) exhibited by Mg-buserite in NaCl solution and 50.2 mg g–1 (527 μmol g–1) exhibited by Na-birnessite in MgCl2 solution. The performance decay observed over th...
Musculoskeletal rheumatic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A single center experience.

Abstract Background The use of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, these medications are associated with significant and potentially debilitating immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While certain toxicities have been well studied, rheumatic complications have been less widely recognized and characterized. Methods We report our experience of patients who were evaluated by rheumatology after the development of a suspected rheumatic irAE following ICI treatment. Cases of rheumatic irAEs were included if active rheumatic signs or symptoms developed during or after ICI treatment and were confirmed by a treating rheumatologist. Results Twenty-nine patients were evaluated by rheumatology for suspected rheumatic irAEs. Eighteen patients had confirmed toxicity including inflammatory arthritis (n = 12) and PMR (n = 6). Twelve patients had de novo toxicity and six had a flare of a pre-existing rheumatic condition. The onset of de novo toxicity occurred late into treatment (median 38 weeks), while patients with pre-existing rheumatic disease flared soon after initiation of ICI treatment (median 4.6 weeks). Management often required systemic or intra-articular steroids, with initiation of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in those unable to wean off steroids. Conclusion De novo rheumatic irAEs are generally delayed in onset after ICI initiation, while flares of pre-existing rheumatic conditions occur shortly after ICI initiation. Effective management often requires systemic corticosteroids as well as DMARDs in a subset of patients. Future prospective studies are needed to accurately describe the incidence and spectrum of rheumatic irAEs and to identify the most effective management strategies.
Repair the World: Group Work in the Deggendorf Displaced Persons Center, 1945-1946

This paper explores the formation of a transitory community in the UNRRA Displaced Persons Center in Deggendorf, Germany, where Jewish Holocaust survivors used social group work to preserve their past, to restore humane values, and to prepare for new lives. Social activism through task groups and activity groups affirmed individual and community self-determination while promoting recovery from trauma. The experience of the She’erith Hapleitah or “surviving remnant,” as they called themselves, though historically specific, has implications for group work with migrants today.
Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy Model Predictive Control of a Rotational Inverted Pendulum.

This paper introduces an indirect adaptive fuzzy model predictive control strategy for a nonlinear rotational inverted pendulum with model uncertainties. In the first stage, a nonlinear prediction model is provided based on the fuzzy sets, and the model parameters are tuned through the adaption rules. In the second stage, the model predictive controller is designed based on the predicted inputs and outputs of the system. The control objective is to track the desired outputs with minimum error and to maintain closed-loop stability based on the Lyapunov theorem. Combining the adaptive Mamdani fuzzy model with the model predictive control method is proposed for the first time for the nonlinear inverted pendulum. Moreover, the proposed approach considers the disturbances predictions as part of the system inputs which have not been considered in the previous related works. Thus, more accurate predictions resistant to the parameters variations enhance the system performance using the proposed approach. A classical model predictive controller is also applied to the plant, and the results of the proposed strategy are compared with the results from the classical approach. Results proved that the proposed algorithm improves the control performance significantly with guaranteed stability and excellent tracking. Keywords: Indirect adaptive fuzzy; Model predictive control; Nonlinear rotational inverted pendulum; Model uncertainties; Lyapunov stability theorem.
Internal migration and the health of Indigenous Mexicans: A longitudinal study.

Abstract Rationale Indigenous peoples have historically comprised a substantial part of migration streams around the world, yet our understanding of the effects of migration on indigenous health is limited. Objective To explore the migration-indigenous health relationship by assessing the impact of internal migration on the self-rated health trajectories of indigenous Mexicans. Data and method Using three waves of data (2002–2012) from the Mexican Family Life Survey, I estimated linear growth curves to examine differences in initial self-rated health and changes in self-rated health between indigenous and non-indigenous respondents (N = 12,533). Then, I investigated whether migrating domestically during the study period shaped indigenous health trajectories. Results At the baseline interview (before migration), indigenous migrants reported significantly better self-rated health than indigenous non-migrants and than all non-indigenous respondents. In spite of their better initial health, indigenous migrants’ health deteriorated substantially after migration, such that by the time of the last interview they reported the worst health. The self-rated health of all other groups improved during the same period. Conclusion Findings provide evidence of pre-migration health selection and post-migration health deterioration among Mexican indigenous migrants. These results suggest that internal migration is a risk factor that has an independent effect on indigenous health even after adjusting for personal, family, socioeconomic, and health care factors.
Preconditioner-free Wiener filtering with a dense noise matrix

This work extends the Elsner & Wandelt (2013) iterative method for efficient, preconditioner-free Wiener filtering to cases in which the noise covariance matrix is dense, but can be decomposed into a sum whose parts are sparse in convenient bases. The new method, which uses multiple messenger fields, reproduces Wiener filter solutions for test problems, and we apply it to a case beyond the reach of the Elsner & Wandelt (2013) method. We compute the Wiener filter solution for a simulated Cosmic Microwave Background map that contains spatially-varying, uncorrelated noise, isotropic $1/f$ noise, and large-scale horizontal stripes (like those caused by the atmospheric noise). We discuss simple extensions that can filter contaminated modes or inverse-noise filter the data. These techniques help to address complications in the noise properties of maps from current and future generations of ground-based Microwave Background experiments, like Advanced ACTPol, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4.
Targetable molecular alterations in congenital glioblastoma

Congenital glioblastomas (cGBMs) are uncommon tumors presenting in early infancy, variably defined as diagnosed at birth or at age less than 3 months by strict criteria, or more loosely, as occurring in very young children less than 12 months of age. Previous studies have shown that cGBMs are histologically indistinguishable from GBMs in older children or adults, but may have a more favorable clinical outcome, suggesting biological differences between congenital versus other GBMs. Due to the infrequency of cGBMs, especially when employing strict inclusion criteria, molecular features have not been sufficiently explored. Archer FusionPlex Solid Tumor Kit, Archer VariantPlex Solid Tumor Kit, Illumina RNAseq were utilized to study cGBMs seen at our institution since 2002. A strict definition for cGBM was utilized, with only infants less than age 3 months at clinical presentation sought for this study. Of the 8 cGBM cases identified in our files, 7 had sufficient materials for molecular analyses, and 3 of 7 cases analyzed showed fusions of the ALK gene (involving MAP4, MZT2Bex2 and EML4 genes as fusion partners). One case showed ROS1 fusion. Somatic mutations in TSC22D1, BMG1 and DGCR6 were identified in 1 case. None of the cases showed alterations in IDH1/2, histone genes, or the TERT gene, alterations which can be associated with GBMs in older children or adults. Our results show that cGBMs are genetically heterogeneous and biologically different from pediatric and adult GBMs. Identification of ALK and ROS1 raise the possibility of targeted therapy with FDA-approved targeted inhibitors.
THE INTERSECTION OF 3D ANIMATION AND BIFURCATION INTERVENTION: BIFUCAID 3D

Bifurcation lesions account for 15 to 20% of percutaneous coronary interventions and are technically challenging with multiple lesion and treatment permutations. More than two years and 13,000 downloads later, our mobile application BifurcAID continues to simplify this highly complex subject and
Genome-wide CRISPR synthetic lethality screen identifies a role for the ADP- ribosyltransferase PARP14 in replication fork stability controlled by ATR

The DNA damage response is essential to maintain genomic stability, suppress replication stress, and protect against carcinogenesis. The ATR-CHK1 pathway is an essential component of this response, which regulates cell cycle progression in the face of replication stress. PARP14 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase with multiple roles in transcription, signaling, and DNA repair. To understand the biological functions of PARP14, we catalogued the genetic components that impact cellular viability upon loss of PARP14 by performing an unbiased, comprehensive, genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screen in PARP14-deficient cells. We uncovered the ATR-CHK1 pathway as essential for viability of PARP14-deficient cells, and identified regulation of replication fork stability as an important mechanistic contributor to the synthetic lethality observed. Our work shows that PARP14 is an important modulator of the response to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibitors.
Chapter 21 – Diuretics

Diuretic therapy is generally used to treat edematous states in the cases of renal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, and heart failure. Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of connective tissue. Interestingly, there are minor differences in composition of fluid generated with various diseases. It is believed that edema is mostly a symptom of disease rather than a disease, which is why treatment of edema generally consists of treatment of the underlying disease, such as insufficient functioning of the kidney or heart. Nonedematous states in which diuretic therapy is useful include hypertension, acute renal failure, diabetes insipidus, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria. In general, diuretics work by causing the kidneys to excrete increased amounts of salt and water from the body, resulting in a decrease in plasma volume and the volume of blood within the arteries, which, in turn, reduces the “pushing” on the artery walls, reducing stroke volume and, consequently, blood pressure. Diuretics are medications that are designed to increase the flow of urine, promoting the removal of excess of water, salts, metabolic products, and toxins from the body. No diuretic is included in the list of Top 200 Drugs by sales for the 2010s.
Evaluation of an evidence-based guideline to reduce CT use in the assessment of blunt pediatric abdominal trauma.

Abstract Purpose About half of pediatric blunt trauma patients undergo an abdominopelvic computed tomographic (CT) scan, while few of these require intervention for an intraabdominal injury. We evaluated the effectiveness of an evidence-based guideline for blunt abdominal trauma at a Level I pediatric trauma center. Methods Pediatric blunt trauma patients (n = 998) age 0–15 years who presented from the injury scene were evaluated over a 10 year period. After five years, we implemented our guideline in which the decision for CT was standardized based on mental status, abdominal examination, and laboratory results (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, urinalysis). Results There were no differences in age, GCS, SIPA or ISS scores between the patients before or after guideline implementation. Nearly half of the patients (48.3%) underwent CT scan before guideline implementation compared to 36.7% after (p Conclusion Implementation of an evidence-based clinical guideline for pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma decreases the rate of CT utilization while accurately identifying significant injuries. Level of evidence III.
A solid-phase synthetic route to N-acylated α-alkyl-d,l-homoserine lactones

Abstract A synthetic route to N-acylated α-alkyl- d , l -homoserine lactones was established using solid-phase unnatural peptide synthesis (UPS) and combinatorial chemistry. The application of UPS methodology allowed access to racemic N-acylated homoserine lactones ( d , l -AHLs) and their α-alkyl structural analogs (α-R1- d , l -AHLs). The synthesis and characterization of a library of five d , l -AHLs and ten α-R1- d , l -AHLs prepared from resin-bound amino acids is reported.
Temperature and assault in an urban environment: An empirical study in the city of Seoul, South Korea

Abstract Although weather is expected to influence human behavior, including crime, its association with crime has been relatively understudied in an environmental context of small areal and temporal units. This study investigates the association between temperature and assaults in the city of Seoul, South Korea. It also examines how interaction between temperature and socio-economic variables relates to assaults. Monthly assault counts in small administrative units for a 36-month period are described with Bayesian Poisson models. Employing the space-time structure of the dataset, these Poisson models are specified with a set of spatial and/or temporal effects and estimated with the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Results show that a model specification accounting for spatial and temporal structure better explains the data. Also, results indicate that assault risk is higher in high temperatures, areas with low economic status, and/or highly commercialized land use areas. Moreover, significant interactions between temperature and environmental variables (specifically, economic status and commercial land use) are found.
Eyebrows Are Important in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata affects not only scalp hair but also other sites of body hair, including eyebrows. Our objective was to investigate the importance of eyebrows in the treatment goals of patients with alopecia areata. Through an online questionnaire, subjects were asked to assess satisfaction with the visually depicted level of response to treatment, using edited photographs depicting a range of eyebrows and scalp hair growth. The questionnaire was completed by 1,741 adults. Absent or partial growth of eyebrows and scalp hair elicited 50% of participants. More participants were satisfied with complete eyebrows and no scalp hair (69%) than complete eyebrows and partial scalp hair (51%). Only when both eyebrows and scalp hair were completely regrown did extreme satisfaction levels reach 90.4%. Limitations include the online nature of the survey, lack of control group, and self-reported severity of alopecia areata in participants. These results suggest that eyebrows may be as important as scalp hair for patients assessing theoretical responses to treatment for alopecia areata. Future clinical studies should consider growth of eyebrows as an outcome measure on par with scalp hair growth.
Consequent Pole Toroidal Winding Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Reduced rare-earth permanent magnet machine is an appealing research topic recently due to several challenging issues of rare-earth magnets. This paper proposes a new consequent pole toroidal winding dual rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine with reduced rare-earth volume. First, topology comparison and principle of operation are discussed. Electromagnetic design and procedure of proposed consequent pole toroidal winding dual rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine is illustrated. In order to maximize average torque capability and reduce torque ripple, various key design parameters on average torque, cogging torque, and on-load torque ripple are investigated. Finally, a comparative analysis of electromagnetic performance characteristics between proposed and conventional dual rotor permanent magnet machine are presented. The torque/magnet mass ratio enhances from 38Nm/kg to 70.3Nm/kg, which shows the utilization of rare-earth magnets improved significantly.
Occupational Licensing: Improving Access to Regulatory Information

Occupational licensing affects more than one in five workers in the US, but research is often limited by the high cost of obtaining regulatory data. We highlight existing and forthcoming databases of regulatory information. We also summarize the papers included in this volume and discuss their contribution to the literature.
International Portfolio Investments with Trade Networks

What determines the composition of international portfolio investments remains an open question in international finance. In this paper, I propose a theory of international portfolio choice where trade networks play a key role. I solve in closed form for the optimal equity and bond portfolio investments in a multi-country model with arbitrary global input - output linkages and taste differences. I show that a measure of international demand exposure, called the “International Domar Weights” (IDWs), is key in determining international equity portfolios. The IDWs extend the closed-economy “Domar weights” to the international setting and capture countries' interdependence through both direct and indirect trade linkages. Using data from the World Input - Output Database (WIOD) and Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS), I apply the framework to a network of 43 major developed and emerging economies and obtain four main results. First, the theoretical network portfolio is a significant predictor and explains almost half of the variation in international bilateral portfolio investments. The significance of the network portfolio is robust to controlling for gravity factors (market capitalization, distance, EU membership, etc.). Second, including the network-based portfolio in a gravity model for assets resolves the puzzle of why distance matters for asset trade at all. Third, indirect trade linkages matter for portfolio determination, highlighting the need to explicitly account for trade in intermediate inputs. Finally, the model predicts both the levels and the changes in equity home bias that have occurred since 2000.
The Role of Nutrition in Healthy Hearing: Human Evidence

Identification of determinants of hearing loss is critical for understanding individual susceptibility and variability, improving hearing conservation efforts, and in turn improving public health. The role of nutrition in healthy hearing is still unclear, but the literature and our knowledge are growing. Does a healthy diet have benefit for hearing? Does eating certain nutrients reduce or increase risk for hearing loss? Does cause of hearing loss (age, noise, ototoxic drug) matter? Does source of nutrients matter (supplement vs. diet)? In this chapter we will explore the human evidence for the role of nutrition in healthy hearing and consider future clinical and research implications.
Structural analysis of nucleolar precursors of ribosomal ribonucleic acids. II. Polypurine sequences as chemical markers of processing of nucleolar 45 S ribonucleic acid.

Abstract To compare the distributions and structures of complete pancreatic RNase digestion products of highly labeled 45 S, 35 S, and 28 S nucleolar RNA and 18 S ribosomal RNA of the Novikoff hepatoma, digests were chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns at pH 7.6 and 3.3. Each purified oligonucleotide peak was completely digested with T1 RNase. In addition, the frequencies of the mono- and dinucleotides were determined by electrophoresis at pH 3.5. The distributions of the oligonucleotides were very similar for 45 S, 35 S, and 28 S nucleolar RNA and differed markedly from those found for 18 S ribosomal RNA. All the nona- and decanucleotides isolated thus far from nucleolar 45 S RNA were also found in nucleolar 35 S and 28 S RNA when analyzed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns at pH 3.3 and complete digestion with T1 RNase. Rechromatography of the nonanucleotides of 18 S ribosomal RNA produced only three well defined peaks compared to six for nucleolar 28 S RNA. The decanucleotides identified in 45 S, 35 S, and 28 S nucleolar RNA were absent in 18 S ribosomal RNA. The mono- and dinucleotide frequencies of 18 S ribosomal RNA differed significantly from those determined for 45 S, 35 S, and 28 S RNA. In a comparison of the longest oligonucleotide sequences present in complete pancreatic RNase digests of nucleolar 45 S and 28 S RNA and 18 S ribosomal RNA, a tridecanucleotide with the partial sequence (C3UGp)(A-Gp)(C-Gp)(Gp)(Gp)(Gp)Cp was found to be present in ribosomal 18 S RNA and nucleolar 45 S RNA but absent from nucleolar 28 S RNA. This result provides a chemical evidence for the presence of 18 S ribosomal RNA in 45 S nucleolar RNA.
Intracellular and Extracellular Mineral Crystal Formation Induced by Viral Infection of Cell Cultures

Intracellular mineral crystals were observed in cell cultures infected with one or more feline viruses. One was a feline syncytium-forming virus, and the other was a new feline virus which produced intranuclear inclusions in cell cultures. Crystals were noted both in autogenous cell cultures from trypsinization of kidneys and urinary bladders of infected cats (three passages) and in subcultures of culture fluids from these, made in a stable feline kidney cell line. Free mineral crystals were also noted in the fluids of the cell cultures. In two bladder and two kidney infected autogenous cultures, structures resembling the urinary calculi observed in obstructed cats were seen. These consisted of mineral crystals in a matrix of cellular debris. Images
Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Short‐Term Memory

1 Structure of Short-Term Memory 2 Three Core Processes of STM: Encoding, Maintenance, and Retrieval 3 Why Do We Forget? 4 Sketch of Short-Term Memory at Work 5 Summary Keywords: short-term memory; long-term memory; episodic memory; focus of attention; capacity; encoding; maintenance; retrieval; rehearsal; decay; interference; unitary store model; multi-store model; forgetting; prefrontal cortex; hippocampus; medial temporal lobe; fmri; erp; lesion
Heartburn severity does not predict disease severity in patients with erosive esophagitis.

Background For patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it is often assumed by treating physicians that the severity of heartburn correlates with the severity of erosive esophagitis (EE).
Knowledge Base for the beginning Teacher

(1991). Knowledge Base for the beginning Teacher. Teaching Education: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 215-223.
Broadband Microwave and W-Band Characterization of BeO-SiC and AIN-Based Lossy Dielectric Composites for Vacuum Electronics

The complex dielectric permittivity properties of lossy ceramic materials used in vacuum electronics are presented. The studies include broadband room temperature behavior in the 0.1-18 GHz range and in W-Band (75-110 GHz). Variable temperature measurements of selected materials at 94 GHz are also presented.
Functional Connectivity Networks Associated With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Old Age

Objective Musculoskeletal disorders are common and often lead to chronic pain in older adults. Since the efficacy of interventions varies with the duration of pain, the identification of early biomarkers for chronic pain would have important public health consequences. Imaging of functional connectivity differences between brain regions might identify some of the earliest functional consequences of a disease process. We tested the hypothesis that chronic musculoskeletal pain in older persons is associated with changes in functional brain connectivity.
Testing an hypothesis of institutional change: Welfare work registration, aggregate demand, and the unemployment rate

Abstract Three statistical tests are applied to the hypothesis that certain welfare work registration requirements implemented in late 1972 have caused a discontinuity in the relationship between changes in the Gross National Product and the unemployment rate. None of the tests provide any support for that hypothesis. The analytic model is derived from the notion of partial adjustment of the unemployment rate to cyclical disturbances. The statistical tests are all based on variants of the ordinary least squares econometric model.