cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Health Risk Behaviors of Adolescents in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City

[Objective]To understand the current status about risk behaviors 0f adolescents in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City.[Methods]Based on multistage sampling method,801 students from middle schools and universities in Haizhu District were selected and surveyed by questionnaire of Guangzhou City Youth Health Risk Behaviors.[Results]It was found that rate of risk behaviors were reported as the following: eating at street vendor(33.21%),western fast-food(21.60%),sweet kinds of food(16.35%),food preference(29.59%);weight loss(61.92%),including reducing weight by exercise(51.44%),by diet(27.34%);lower exercise rate of college students weekly(8.60%~20.79%);high reporting rates of internet(89.25%),followed by sports activities(32.95%~63.33%) and extra learning(75.10%~81.56%) among high school students;rate of violating traffic rules when riding bicycles(15.05%),swimming at unsafe places in past 1 year(7.62%),thoughts of away from home(24.71%),suicide ideation(7.74%),respectively;learn pressure(13.23%),fights(21.47%),no security guarantee(12.86%) in teenagers;smoking-attempting(22.97%),recent drinking(28.96%);ever drugs usage(6.74%) and sedative and hypnotic drugs usage(5.87%);marginal sexual behavior and sexual behavior in high school students and college students of 34.10%,55.20%;4.60%,5.02% respectively.Significant differences of various sorts of health risk behaviors existed between students with different genders and learning stages.[Conclusion]Health risk behaviors of adolescents can not be ignored in Haizhou District of Guangzhou City.It is necessary to adopt integrated managements to prevent and reduce its occurrence.
Epidemiological investigation of influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in a nationality school

Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics of an influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in nationality school and analyze the effect of the control measures, summarize the experience derived from the prevention an control work to provide scientific evidence for disease in school. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the epidemiological characteristics of this influenza A(H1N1) outbreak. The comparison of attack rate was analyzed by SPSS17.0. Results Among 710 students of the school, 57 were infected with an attack rate of 8.0%. The outbreak started on March 27, 2013, peaked on March 31 to April 2.The patients were aged between 5 and 17.The attack rate of male was 7.6%, female was 8.5%, there were no statistically significant(P0.05). The attack rate of primary students was higher than the junior middle, the differences of attack rate between the primary and junior middle students(P0.05). The nucleic acid of influenza A(H1N1) virus was detected from 12 of 14 throat swabs collected from patient. Conclusions Outbreak of influenza A(H1N1) in a school was confirmed. The epidemic development was controlled effectively through comprehensive prevention and control.
Properties of acid-induced currents in mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons.

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are cation channels that are activated by protons (H+). They are expressed in neurons throughout the nervous system and may play important roles in several neurologic disorders including inflammation, cerebral ischemia, seizures, neurodegeneration, anxiety, depression, and migraine. ASICs generally produce transient currents that desensitize in response to a decrease in extracellular pH. Under certain conditions, the inactivation of ASICs can be incomplete and allow them to produce sustained currents. Here, we characterize the properties of both transient and sustained acid‐induced currents in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. At pH levels between 7.3 and 7.1 they include “window currents” through ASICs. With stronger acid signals sustained currents are maintained in the absence of extracellular Na+ or the presence of the ASIC blockers amiloride and Psalmotoxin‐1(PcTx1). These sustained responses may have several different origins in these cells, including acid‐induced stimulation of inward Cl− currents, block of outward K+ currents, and augmentation of inward H+ currents, properties that distinguish these novel sustained currents from the well‐characterized transient currents.
Tracking Subcellular Dynamics with Multifocal Plane Microscopy

The study of cellular dynamics has often been hampered by the limited capabilities of standard microscopes. Classical microscopes are very well suited to the imaging of events that are constrained to one focal plane, but much less so for the investigation of fast dynamics that are not constrained to one focal plane. As cells are inherently three dimensional, this might account for the relatively limited amount of knowledge that is currently available regarding the specifics of subcellular trafficking.To address this problem we have introduced a microscopy modality into the study of cellular dynamics, multi-focal plane microscopy (MUM), which allows for the simultaneous imaging of several focal planes. We will review multifocal plane microscopy and discuss subsequent developments. Multifocal plane microscopy is an ideal tool for single molecule and single particle tracking in three dimensions. Single molecule trajectories by themselves, are, however, only of limited biological significance. It is the cellular environment that also needs to be imaged to provide the biological context for the observed dynamics. We will discuss our approaches to address this question.Antibodies form a central component of the human immune system. Over recent years, antibodies, especially IgG molecules, have also been developed as major new drugs. We will present data related to the trafficking of IgG molecules during endocytosis, exocytosis and sorting as imaged by multifocal plane microscopy.
Discrete choice models’ ρ2: A reintroduction to an old friend

Abstract We first review the intuition behind ρ2, and its conceptual interpretation. We then comment on the choice of benchmark (typically either the equally-likely, EL, or the market-share, MS, model), together with discussion of what is considered a “good” value. After a brief mention of the adjusted ρ2 and of statistical distributions associated with ρ2, we close with a description of its computation under three special circumstances: repeated observations, unequal choice sets, and deterministically-segmented models.
Comparing search algorithms using sorting and hashing on disk and in memory

We compare sorting and hashing for implicit graph search using disk storage. We first describe efficient pipelined implementations of both algorithms, which reduce disk I/O. We then compare the two algorithms and find that hashing is faster, but that sorting requires less disk storage. We also compare disk-based with in-memory search, and surprisingly find that there is little or no time overhead associated with disk-based search. We present experimental results on the sliding-tile puzzles, Rubik's Cube, and the 4-peg Towers of Hanoi.
Visual Utilization During Postural Control in Anterior Cruciate Ligament– Deficient and –Reconstructed Patients: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Abstract Objective To determine whether anterior cruciate ligament–deficient (ACL-D) individuals and individuals with a reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL-R) rely more heavily on visual information to maintain postural control. Data Sources PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from their earliest available date to May 24, 2016, using a combination of keywords. Study Selection Articles were included if they reported any instrumented static single-leg balance outcome in both a patient and control sample. The means and SDs of these outcomes must have been reported with both eyes open and eyes closed. Data Extraction Sample sizes, means, and SDs of single-leg balance measures for each group's eyes open and eyes closed testing conditions were extracted. The methodological quality of included studies was independently evaluated by multiple authors using an adapted version of the Quality Index. Data Synthesis Effect sizes were calculated by dividing the differences in change between eyes closed and eyes open in the ACL-D and control group and the ACL-R and control group by the pooled SD from the eyes closed trials for each analysis. Significant differences between the ACL-D and control group (effect size, −1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.90 to −.41) were noted. The ACL-R and control group were not different (effect size, −.61; 95% CI, −2.17 to .95). Conclusions ACL-D individuals but not individuals with ACL-R demonstrate a greater reliance on visual information during single-leg stance compared with healthy individuals.
Livelihood diversification, mobile phones and information diversity in Northern Tanzania

Throughout the developing world, households are diversifying their livelihood activities to manage risk and improve their lives. Many studies have focused on the material causes and consequences of this diversification. Few, however, have examined how diversifying groups establish new patterns of communication and information exchange with others. This paper examines the relationship between livelihood diversification and information diversity among agro-pastoralist Maasai in northern Tanzania, where new mobile phone use is common. Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis are used to (1) describe how Maasai use phones to manage diverse livelihoods; and (2) assess the relationship between livelihood diversification and measures of information diversity, controlling for other factors. The findings indicate that households use phones in ways that support existing activities rather than transform them and that the relationship between livelihood diversification and information diversity is positive, non-linear, and significant.
Recipes for Revision: Digesting American Empire in the Philippines via Filipina Literature in Spanish

This essay investigates the intersections of American empire and American feminism via literature by Filipinas in Spanish. Texts written in Manila by hispanophone Filipinas who were also American subjects and American nationals present a defamiliarizing phenomenon that casts anew standard historical-literary accounts of the 20th century United States. The literary output of Maria Paz Zamora, for instance, reveals an America that emerges on shores not commonly taken to be American at all and yet are more indicative, arguably, of the modern United States than any other. Paz Zamora was the first Asian woman to produce a short story collection in Spanish (Mi obolo, 1924), the co-author of a bilingual cookbook (Everyday Cookery for the Home, 1930 and 1934), and the only Filipina known to have published a World War II memoir in Spanish. Like all Filipinos during the American colonization of the archipelago, however, Paz Zamora was also an American subject designated by the United States as an American national. This essay analyzes her oeuvre within the contexts of early Filipina literature in general and within the gender politics of the Spanish-language press in Manila of her day, but argues ultimately that a principal reason for studying her is to seek a globalized revision of what has been, ever since 1898, a globalized America.
Antibiotic-induced Disruption of Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to Failure of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Objective The aim of this study was to test whether the perioperative composition of intestinal microbiota can contribute to variable outcomes following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Summary of background data Although bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, metabolic outcomes are variable. Methods Diet-induced obese mice were randomized to VSG or sham surgery, with or without exposure to antibiotics that selectively suppress mainly gram-positive (fidaxomicin, streptomycin) or gram-negative (ceftriaxone) bacteria on postoperative days (POD) 1-4. Fecal microbiota was characterized before surgery and on POD 7 and 28. Mice were metabolically characterized on POD 30-32 and euthanized on POD 35. Results VSG resulted in weight loss and shifts in the intestinal microbiota composition relative to sham-operated mice. Antibiotic exposure resulted in sustained reductions in alpha (within-sample) diversity of microbiota and shifts in its composition. All antibiotic treatments proved to be detrimental to metabolic VSG outcomes, regardless of antimicrobial specificity of antibiotics. These effects involved functionally distinct pathways. Specifically, fidaxomicin and streptomycin markedly altered hepatic bile acid signaling and lipid metabolism, while ceftriaxone resulted in greater reduction of key antimicrobial peptides. However, VSG mice exposed to antibiotics, regardless of their specificity, had significantly increased subcutaneous adiposity and impaired glucose homeostasis without changes in food intake relative to control VSG mice. Conclusion Dysbiosis induced by brief perioperative antibiotic exposure attenuates weight loss and metabolic improvement following VSG. Potential mechanisms include disruption of bile acid homeostasis and reduction in the production of gut antimicrobial peptides. Results of this study implicate the intestinal microbiota as an important contributor to metabolic homeostasis and a potentially modifiable target influencing clinical outcomes following VSG.
Estimation of 12p Copy Number in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections of Germ Cell Tumours by In Situ Hybridization of a Microdissected 12p Probe

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the estimation of 12p copy number in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of germ cell tumors by in situ hybridization of a microdissected 12p probe. In situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections and corresponding cell culture preparations of 11 human gonadal and extra-gonadal germ cell tumors to determine the copy number of chromosome 12p. A biotinylated probe derived by microdissection of 12p amplified by PCR was used to compare this method to traditional karyotypic analysis. The ISH findings correlated well with the results obtained by cytogenetic analysis. In the single i(12p) negative case which was studied, ISH detected increased 12p copies, which was not recognized by banding analysis. In the 10 i(12p) positive cases, the 12p copy number was consistently lower by ISH technique than by karyotypic analysis whereas in cell smears, the 12p copy number was intermediate. Technical factors such as nuclear truncation, hybridization efficiency, and overlapping of signals may be responsible for the disparity.
Larval fish assemblages in the eastern and western Gulf of Alaska: Patterns, drivers, and implications for connectivity

Abstract As stewardship goals in marine environments expand to encompass ecosystem dynamics, our comprehension of ecological structure must incorporate complex interactions among ecosystem components to define linkages and spatial boundaries for management. For example, the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is currently considered a single Large Marine Ecosystem (LME), yet the GOA spans a large geographic domain, suggesting that ecosystem linkages may vary depending upon population, community, or process-based assessments. We used six years of larval fish assemblage data (2010–2015), co-collected oceanographic data, satellite-tracked drifters, adult fish trawl surveys, and an individual-based biophysical model to determine the processes that structure larval fish assemblages in the GOA focusing on 1) the local physical environment, 2) seasonality, 3) oceanographically-driven connectivity, and 4) adult fish distributions. Larval assemblages occurred along an eastern to western longitudinal gradient with regionally distinct assemblages in the spring and to a lesser degree in the summer. Assemblage patterns were largely driven by regional spring spawning events and only minimally influenced by temperature, salinity, and bottom depth over the continental shelf. Assemblage analyses and modeled particle trajectories suggest that longitudinal gradients in larval assemblages across the LME are influenced by the prevailing currents that promote connectivity despite variability in species-specific life-history characteristics such as spawning location and pelagic larval duration. Divergences in eastern and western GOA assemblages during the spring, and similarities in the summer, were consistent across most study years, but there were shifts in larval assemblages in the western GOA and not the eastern GOA during 2013 and 2015. Such geographic decoupling of assemblages in recent years highlights the potential for differential regional responses to environmental change across the GOA. Patterns in larval fish assemblages underscore the complex processes that structure pelagic ecosystems and suggest that assemblages diverged along a longitudinal gradient resulting in distinct communities in the eastern and western GOA. We propose that the influence of environmental or climatic variability on regional larval assemblages and life-history traits such as pelagic larval duration and phenology may alter future ecosystem linkages in rapidly changing environments.
Uncertainty in the parameterization of sediment build-up and wash-off processes in the simulation of sediment transport in urban areas

Abstract Drainage-system management relies on results from urban stormwater models; errors in these models may have serious implications. Inaccurate field data or overly simplified models may cause the complex response of an urban basin to a rainfall event to be inadequately represented. Before undertaking expensive studies to gather and analyze additional data, it is reasonable to understand what enhancement in model performance would result if individual uncertainties could be decreased. This paper uses data collected during field monitoring campaigns to calibrate and validate a hydrologic and sediment-transport model within the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Solid accumulation and disappearance rates were identified as factors generating the highest model sensitivity. A generalized evaluation matrix is presented that considers both the uncertainty in input variables and the associated sensitivity in model response to inform model performance expectations and guide investments in model improvement toward actions with maximum benefit.
Social comparisons predict health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms across the first year of breast cancer treatment

Background Social comparisons (SCs) are common among cancer patients, but their prospective associations are not well understood. This study examined concurrent and prospective relationships of SCs with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and depressive symptoms during the first year of breast cancer treatment. Methods Nonmetastatic breast cancer patients (N = 240) enrolled in a larger intervention trial reported on the frequencies of SCs postsurgery (T1) and 6 months later (T2). HRQOL and depressive symptoms were assessed at T1, T2, and 12 months after T1 (T3). Path analysis via structural equation modeling was used to assess three models relating SCs to HRQOL and depressive symptoms from T1-T2, T1-T3, and T2-T3, controlling for stage of disease, intervention condition, and dispositional optimism. Results Upward contrast SCs were associated with poorer concurrent HRQOL at T1 and T2, and with more concurrent depressive symptoms at T2. However, upward contrast SC at T1 predicted better T2 and T3 HRQOL. Upward identification SC at T1 predicted more T2 depressive symptoms, and at T2 was associated with poorer concurrent HRQOL and more concurrent depressive symptoms. Downward identification SCs at T1 were associated with poorer concurrent HRQOL. Downward identification SCs at T2 predicted poorer T3 HRQOL. Conclusions Upward SCs were related to compromised concurrent psychosocial well-being, but prospective effects varied by the interpretation of the comparison (ie, contrast vs identification). Findings have implications for the development and deployment of group-based psychosocial interventions during the early phases of survivorship, during which opportunities for SC are prevalent.
Lisfranc Complex Injuries

Lisfranc or tarsometatarsal joint complex injuries are rare and often missed or misdiagnosed. Delayed diagnosis of Lisfranc injuries may result in significant long-term morbidity. The most common mechanism of Lisfranc injury is forceful axial loading of the plantarflexed foot. The tarsometatarsal joint complex provides significant structural support for the transverse arch of the midfoot. Dorsal, interosseous, and plantar ligaments, collectively known as the “Lisfranc ligament,” stabilize the articulation between the medial cuneiform and the second metatarsal base. However, Lisfranc injuries may involve any of the tarsometatarsal joints within the complex. Tarsometatarsal joint complex injuries may be associated with articular cartilage damage sustained at the time of injury and often pose a high risk for post-traumatic osteoarthritis and chronic pain. Management of Lisfranc injuries is tailored to the acuity, pattern, and severity of the injury within the context of patient-specific demographic factors. Non-operative management is typically recommended for stable injuries, while unstable injuries are often treated via surgical intervention. Surgical stabilization of the Lisfranc joint is most commonly achieved with either open reduction and internal fixation or primary arthrodesis of the associated joints. Anatomic reduction of the tarsometatarsal joint complex is a key factor in determining positive outcomes following injury; and as such, operative management for Lisfranc injuries has proven to be a superior treatment option when compared to non-operative management.
A framework for allocating fishing rights in small-scale fisheries

Abstract The FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Small-Scale Fisheries have called out the need to provide secure tenure rights as a means of securing livelihoods, promoting food security, and poverty alleviation, all of which can support the human rights of small-scale fishers. However, there are few examples to be found in the literature of the necessary processes and mechanisms for allocating such rights to small-scale fishers. While in industrial fisheries the criteria for allocation are typically based on catch history data, these are likely to be unavailable for many small-scale fisheries, which will instead require different criteria for making decisions. Furthermore, as linked social-ecological systems providing both livelihoods and food to fishing communities, as well as playing important social and cultural roles, small-scale fisheries are likely to have allocation goals that differ from industrial fisheries. These may include promoting equity, preserving cultural values, ensuring the participation of marginalized groups, or setting aside fish for subsistence, among others. A process for allocating rights will require extensive stakeholder participation to elucidate these underlying goals and values and to develop solutions that best address them. This paper describes the steps necessary for engaging stakeholders in such a process and provides examples of novel fisheries allocation mechanisms that may address the concerns of small-scale fisheries.
Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) molecular signature in castration-sensitive, de novo metastatic prostate cancer (M1PCa).

5052Background: AVPC are a subset of prostate cancers (PC) that share clinical features with the small-cell prostate carcinomas, a rare morphological variant with atypical and virulent behavior. Th...
Approaches to the Study of Emotion

A complete review of theories of emotion is a major undertaking well beyond the scope of this volume, and overviews of the field have been provided elsewhere (Gardiner, Gardiner, & Beebe-Center, 1970; Plutchik, 1980a; Plutchik & Kellerman, 1980; Strongman, 1978). Rather, in this chapter we shall examine three approaches to the study of emotion that have heuristic value. These approaches are the physiological, the cognitive, and the motivational approaches. Each approach is discussed in terms of theories that illustrate it. No attempt is made to include every relevant theory, however.
TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPM6, and TRPM7 do not contribute to hair-cell mechanotransduction

The hair-cell mechanotransduction channel remains unidentified. We tested whether four transient receptor channel (TRP) family members, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPM6, and TRPM7, participated in transduction. Using cysteine-substitution mouse knock-ins and methanethiosulfonate reagents selective for those alleles, we found that inhibition of TRPV5 or TRPV6 had no effect on transduction in mouse cochlear hair cells. TRPM6 and TRPM7 each interacted with the tip-link component PCDH15 in cultured eukaryotic cells, which suggested they could participate in transduction. Cochlear hair cell transduction was insensitive to shRNA knockdown of Trpm6 or Trpm7, however, and was not affected by manipulations of Mg2+, which normally perturbs TRPM6 and TRPM7. To definitively examine the role of these two channels in transduction, we showed that deletion of either or both of their genes selectively in hair cells had no effect on auditory function. We suggest that TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPM6, and TRPM7 are unlikely to be the pore-forming subunit of the hair-cell transduction channel.
Preventing Pneumococcal Disease: Intergenerational Issues Toughest Cases

In the United States, approximately four million people contract pneumococcal infections each year, and elders and children are at an increased risk of contracting these infections. Since the late 1800s, researchers have searched for a vaccine that covers the many serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Today, three vaccines are available, and each possesses subtle differences. Notwithstanding the positive impact from each vaccine type, the incidence of diseases caused by serotypes that are not included in specific vaccines tends to increase in children and certain adult populations with underlying illnesses. While these increases are usually small compared with the overall reduction in disease, some clinicians and patients question the effectiveness of vaccinations. Pharmacists need to promote pneumococcal vaccination and emphasize the need to also receive annual influenza vaccine.
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK WITH A CONTRADICTION: LESSONS IN BIAS & THE POWER OF TEAM-BASED CARE

Academic medical centers are commonly referred challenging cases from the community. Fragmented and ultra-specialized care may introduce biases in medical decision-making. A 64-year-old white male with a history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, severe diastolic dysfunction,
Testing the predictive power of theory for PdxIr(100−x) alloy nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction

In this report, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of O and OH binding energies on triatomic surface ensembles of PdxIr(100−x) nanoalloys successfully predicted the overall trend in experimental oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity as a function of nanoparticle (NP) composition. Specifically, triatomic Pd3 ensembles were found to possess optimal O and OH binding energies and were predicted to be highly active sites for the ORR, rivaling that of Pt(111). However, DFT calculations suggest that the O binding energy increases at active sites containing Ir, thereby decreasing ORR activity. PdxIr(100−x) nanoalloys were synthesized using a microwave-assisted method and their activity towards the ORR was tested using rotating disk voltammetry (RDV). As predicted, the bimetallic electrocatalysts exhibited worse catalytic activity than the Pd-only NPs. The strong qualitative correlation between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrates that the activity of individual active sites on the surface of NPs can serve as a proxy for overall activity. This is a particularly useful strategy for applying DFT calculations to electrocatalysts that are too large for true first-principle analysis.
Automata Guided Semi-Decentralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning.

This paper investigates the problem of deploying a multi-robot team to satisfy a syntactically co-safe Truncated Linear Temporal Logic (scTLTL) task specification via multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Due to the heterogeneous agents considered here, typical approaches cannot avoid the task assignment problem, which is inherently difficult and can sacrifice optimality (e.g., shortest path) through manual manipulation. scTLTL is exploited here to eliminate the task assignment as part of the learning process. MARL usually requires some direct or indirect coordination among agents to promote convergence and a tracker is needed to track the progress of satisfying the scTLTL specification given its temporal nature. We use the Finite State Automaton (FSA) to address these two issues. An FSA augmented Markov Decision Process (MDP) is constructed with each agent sharing the FSA state carrying the global information. Moreover, a metric called robustness degree is employed to replace the Boolean semantics and quantify the reward of gradually satisfying the scTLTL. Consequently, a language guided semi-decentralized Q-learning algorithm is proposed to maximize the return over the FSA augmented MDP. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the semi-decentralized multi-agent Q-learning while the complexity is significantly reduced.
The emerging psychosocial profile of the adult congenital heart disease patient.

Purpose of review With advances in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD), over 90% of infants born with CHD now reach adulthood. Patients with CHD require lifelong care and are at an increased risk of psychological distress, neurocognitive deficits, social challenges, and a lower quality of life (QOL). There exists limited research on how to best to support the long-term mental healthcare needs of this unique cohort. There remains limited data on directed mental health interventions and their long-term results in adults with CHD (ACHD). Recent findings Recent findings indicate high incidences of anxiety and depression in this growing population and how key concepts such as trauma, illness identity, and resilience maybe playing a role in the lives of adult patients with CHD. Attention must be focused to theorize and conduct further research to determine the effectiveness of treatment options based upon these new findings. Summary Many individuals with CHD do not receive appropriate mental health screening and care. The authors advocate for effective psychosocial interventions to address patients' illness identity and resilience, with the goal of an improved QOL in mind.
MMT HYPERVELOCITY STAR SURVEY. III. THE COMPLETE SURVEY

We describe our completed spectroscopic survey for unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs) ejected from the Milky Way. Three new discoveries bring the total number of unbound late B-type stars to 21. We place new constraints on the nature of the stars and on their distances using moderate resolution MMT spectroscopy. Half of the stars are fast rotators; they are certain 2.5-4 Mmain sequence stars at 50-120 kpc distances. Correcting for stellar lifetime, our survey implies that unbound 2.5-4 Mstars are ejected from the Milky Way at a rate of 1.5 × 10 −6 yr −1 . These unbound HVSs are likely ejected continuously over the past 200 Myr and do not share a common flight time. The anisotropic spatial distribution of HVSs on the sky remains puzzling. Southern hemisphere surveys like SkyMapper will soon allow us to map the all-sky distribution of HVSs. Future proper motion measurements with Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia will provide strong constraints on origin. Existing observations are all consistent with HVS ejections from encounters with the massive black hole in the Galactic center.
Impact of immediate and preferential relaxation of social and travel restrictions for vaccinated people on the spreading dynamics of COVID-19 : a model-based analysis

Abstract Background Four COVID-19 vaccine candidates developed by Pfizer, Moderna, University of Oxford/ Astra Zeneca (also Oxford/ Serum Institute of India) and ICMR/ Bharat Biotech have been granted emergency use authorization in the democratic world following established clinical trial procedures in their respective countries. Vaccination of the general public is expected to begin in several weeks. We consider the question of whether people who have received the vaccine can be selectively and immediately cleared to return to normal activities, including hassle-free travel. Methods We use a delay differential equation model developed previously by our group to calculate the effects of vaccinee “immunity passports” on the spreading trajectories of the disease. We consider default virus strains as well as high-transmissibility variants such as B1.1.7 in our analysis. Results We find that with high vaccine efficacy of 80 percent or greater, vaccinees may be immediately cleared for normal life with no significant increase in case counts. Free travel of such vaccinees between two regions should not jeopardize the infection control performance of either. At current vaccine administration rates, it may be eight months or more before COVID-19 transmission is significantly reduced or eliminated. With lower vaccine efficacy of approximately 60 percent however, social as well as travel restrictions for vaccinees may need to remain in place until transmission of the disease is eliminated. Conclusions Designing high-efficacy vaccines with easily scalable manufacturing and distribution capacity should remain on the priority list in academic as well as industrial circles. Performance of all vaccines should continue to be monitored in real time during vaccination drive with a view to analysing socio-demographic determinants if any of efficacy, and optimizing distribution accordingly. A speedy and efficacious vaccination drive will provide the smoothest path out of the pandemic with the least additional caseloads, death toll and socioeconomic cost.
An Empirical Investigation of Federal Wetlands Regulation and Flood Delineation: Implications for Residential Property Owners

Since the early 1970s, the federal government has undertaken extensive efforts to stem the loss of wetlands by regulating the use of land. This paper investigates the extent to which residential pr...
A Hierarchical and Load-Aware Design for Large Message Neighborhood Collectives

The MPI-3.0 standard introduced neighborhood collective to support sparse communication patterns used in many applications. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical and distributed graph topology that considers the physical topology of the system and the virtual communication pattern of processes to improve the performance of large message neighborhood collectives. Moreover, we propose two design alternatives on top of the hierarchical design: 1. LAG-H: assumes the same communication load for all processes, 2. LAW-H: considers the communication load of processes for fair distribution of load between them. We propose a mathematical model to determine the communication capacity of each process. Then, we use the derived capacity to fairly distribute the load between processes. Our experimental results on up to 28,672 processes show up to 9x speedup for various process topologies. We also observe up to 8.2% performance gain and 34x speedup for NAS-DT and SpMM, respectively.
Adherence to the ABCDE approach in relation to the method of instruction: a randomized controlled simulation study

BACKGROUND The Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure (ABCDE) approach is widely recommended and taught in many resuscitation courses. This study assessed the adherence to the ABCDE algorithm and whether this was affected by the instruction method used to teach this approach. METHODS Randomized controlled trial in which simulation was used as investigational method. Between June 2017 and January 2018, neonatal healthcare providers routinely participated in simulated neonatal advanced life support (NALS) scenarios, using a high-fidelity manikin. They were randomly assigned to a video-based instruction (intervention group) or a conventional lecture (control group) as the method of instruction. One blinded researcher evaluated the adherence to the ABCDE approach on video with an assessment tool specifically designed and tested for this study. The primary outcomes were: 1) the overall adherence and 2) the between-group difference in individual adherence to the ABCDE approach, both expressed as a percentage score. Secondary outcomes were: 1) the scores of each profession category (nurses, neonatal ward clinicians, fellows/neonatologists) and 2) the scores for the separate domains (A, B, C, D, and E) of the algorithm. RESULTS Seventy-two participants were assessed. Overall mean (SD) percentage score (i.e. overall adherence) was 31.5% (19.0). The video-based instruction group (28 participants) adhered better to the ABCDE approach than the lecture group (44 participants), with mean (SD) scores of 38.8% (18.7) and 27.8% (18.2), respectively (p = 0.026). The difference in adherence between both groups could mainly be attributed to differences in the adherence to domain B (p = 0.023) and C (p = 0.007). Neonatal ward clinicians (39.9% (18.2)) showed better adherence than nurses (25.0% (15.2)), independent of the study group (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Overall adherence to the ABCDE algorithm was rather low. Video-based instruction resulted in better adherence to the ABCDE approach during NALS training than lecturing. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, trial ID ISRCTN95998973 , retrospectively registered on October 13th, 2020.
Machine learning models for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the general United States population: NHANES database

Machine learning models for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the general United States population: NHANES database
Underdiagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Joint pain is a nonspecific symptom associated with osteoarthritis or primary HPT. We hypothesize that patients treated for osteoarthritis are underdiagnosed with primary HPT. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with hip/knee osteoarthritis at the Medical College of Wisconsin from January 2000 to October 2020 were queried. Patients with a calcium level drawn within 1 year of diagnosis of osteoarthritis were included. Patients who had undergone prior parathyroidectomy were excluded. Patients were stratified by serum calcium level, HPT diagnosis, and PTH level. Arthroplasty rates were compared between groups. Results Of 54,788 patients, 9,967 patients (18.2%) had a high serum calcium level, of whom 1,089 (10.9%) had a diagnosis of HPT. Only 76 (7.0%) patients with HPT underwent parathyroidectomy, 208 (19.1%) underwent knee/hip arthroplasty, and 14 (1.3%) underwent both. Arthroplasty was performed in 1,793 patients without evaluation and/or definitive treatment for HPT. There were higher rates of arthroplasty performed in patients with a high serum calcium level compared with those without (21.2% vs 17.4%, P Conclusion Patients with high serum calcium levels were more likely to undergo arthroplasty than those with normocalcemia. Hypercalcemia in the setting of hip or knee osteoarthritis should prompt a full evaluation for primary HPT.
Social Anxiety, Positive Experiences, and Positive Events

Publisher Summary When there is an opportunity to engage in an activity that can generate positive experiences, people with emotional disturbances might be expected to be less successful than other people. Despite the appeal of this formulation, there is reason to believe that attenuated positive experiences are only relevant to a selective number of disturbances. This chapter discusses recent advances in the phenomenology of social anxiety. This includes data showing that social anxiety is associated with low intensity, short-lived positive experiences, infrequent positive events, and distinct cognitive biases that restrict the quality of life. For decades, psychologists have advocated a single, bipolar continuum with positive emotions and approach behavior at one endpoint, and negative emotions and avoidance behavior as the other endpoint. However, recent research in personality, motivation, and social neuroscience suggests that there are two separate biobehavioral systems that reflect very different purposes. Specifically, on the one hand, there is an avoidance system whose purpose is to prevent people from being exposed to danger. To meet this aim, behavior that might lead to pain, punishment, or other undesirable outcomes is inhibited. On the other hand, independent from the avoidance system, there is an approach system whose purpose is to guide people toward situations that might offer rewards. To meet this aim, attention and energy are mobilized to pursue activities that can generate resources such as food, the cooperation of others, sexual partners, and knowledge that provides an evolutionary advantage for survival and reproduction.
MINOR MOTOR EPILEPSY Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of minor motor epilepsy, based on study of 698 children, are discussed; 622 were followed for intervals ranging from 3 to 22 years. Minor motor seizures begin most often between 3 and 12 months of age. Brain damage is prominent in the general clinical manifestations of patients with minor motor epilepsy. Hypsarhythmic abnormalities are present in the electroencephalograms of most patients. Minor motor seizures rarely recur after 5 or 6 years of age. These spells are exceedingly difficult to control with anticonvulsant drugs. A ketogenic diet is the most effective therapy. The most serious aspect of minor motor epilepsy is the associated mental retardation. Presumptive etiologic factors are discussed.
Purification and properties of Escherichia coli protein i, a prepriming protein in phi X174 DNA replication.

Abstract Protein i, one of seven Escherichia coli proteins essential for primosome initiation of DNA chains in the in vitro conversion of single-stranded phi X174 DNA to duplex replicative form, has been purified approximately 15,000-fold to more than 98% purity. The protein is an oligomer of 22,000-dalton subunits migrating as a single electrophoretic band on native, as well as on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Estimates of a Stokes radius of 41 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5 S, a Mr = 61,000, and a frictional coefficient of 1.57 suggest that native protein i is a highly asymmetric oligomer composed of three identical subunits. About 50 such molecules are present/cell. Cross-linking the protein with dimethylsuberimidate or dimethyladipimidate produced three major bands corresponding to the monomer, dimer, and trimer, as well as two minor bands corresponding to the tetramer and pentamer. Incorporation of 3H-labeled "trimeric" protein i into the prepriming replication intermediate (primosome) occurs at a stage requiring participation of dnaB and dnaC proteins, and follows the actions of proteins n, n', and n". After extension of primers by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, protein i is not retained in the isolated primosome complex. Thus, protein i is essential in the assembly of a functional primosome, but its precise physiologic role and genetic locus are still unknown.
The Game Theory, Morality and the Game of Life

Game theory as long as it is a study of interdependent rational, choice, can be used to explain, to predict and evaluate human, behavior in contexts where the outcome of action depends on, what other agents choose to do. Game theory can be made, relevant to ethics and can be used in moral and political, philosophy, including economics, business and public policy, areas.
Critical Consciousness: An Alternative Pathway for Positive Personal and Social Development

This paper presents a conceptual model of the integrative psychological construct of critical consciousness (CC), defined as a moral awareness which propels individuals to disembed from their cultural, social, and political environment, and engage in a responsible critical moral dialogue with it, making active efforts to construct their own place in social reality and to develop internal consistency in their ways of being. The ontogeny of CC is analyzed in terms of the synergistic interaction between its two main components, structural developmental and moral motivation. The paper describes the cross-cultural interview research which allowed the elaboration of the CC developmental pathway. It posits the dimension of moral motivation as distinguishing the CC pathway, and illustrates the continuum between predominantly moral and expediency motivation through brief case vignettes. The paper differentiates three developmental macrolevels of CC, and illustrates through case vignettes two alternatives of social consciousness at the level of conventional morality—CC and non-CC. Some possible sources of moral motivation in personal history and biography are discussed.
Passage to Global Stem Cells

Cell of Cells The Global Race to Capture and Control the Stem Cell. By Cynthia Fox. Norton, New York, 2007. 558 pp. $26.95, C$35.50. ISBN 9780393058772. Fox offers a timely and lively account of the science, history, politics, and sociology of stem cell research.
History of Respiratory Gas Exchange

As early as the 6th century B.C. the Greeks speculated on a substance pneuma that meant breath or soul, and they argued that this was essential for life. An important figure in the 2nd century A.D. was Galen whose school developed an elaborate cardiopulmonary system that influenced scientific thinking for 1400 years. A key concept was that blood was mixed with pneuma from the lung in the left ventricle thus forming vital spirit. It was also believed that blood flowed from the right to the left ventricle of the heart through pores in the interventricular septum but this view was challenged first by the Arab physician Ibn al-Nafis in the 13th century and later by Michael Servetus in the 16th century. The 17th century saw an enormous burgeoning of knowledge about the respiratory gases. First Torricelli explained the origin of atmospheric pressure, and then a group of physiologists in Oxford clarified the properties of inspired gas that were necessary for life. This culminated in the work of Lavoisier who first clearly elucidated the nature of the respiratory gases, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. At that time it was thought that oxygen was consumed in the lung itself, and the fact that the actual metabolism took place in peripheral tissues proved to be a very elusive concept. It was not until the late 19th century that the issue was finally settled by Pfluger. In the early 20th century there was a colorful controversy about whether oxygen was secreted by the lung. During and shortly after World War II, momentous strides were made on the understanding of pulmonary gas exchange, particularly the role of ventilation-perfusion inequality. A critical development in the 1960s was the introduction of blood gas electrodes, and these have transformed the management of patients with severe lung disease. © 2011 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 1:1509-1523, 2011.
Can a multi-modal training program help to improve physical activity, physical performance, and perceived physical ability in obese children?

Childhood obesity is of concern because it is likely to continue into adulthood and can cause chronic health problems. It can reduce quality of life and perceptions of physical competence. Therefor...