cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The N-Width of BV ∩ Lip α

We determine asymptotically the n-width of the space of functions BV ∩ Lip α as a subset of C. Since the n-width behaves like n-(α+1)/2 , it is seen that this class of functions has significantly smaller n-width than Lip α.
Case 49: Corneal Ulcer Associated with Sutures After Zone I/II Open Globe Injury

An 80-year-old man presented with a Zone I-II open globe injury of the left eye from a metal chair clip. The corneal laceration was complex and stellate. Following repair, the patient developed a corneal ulcer related to loose sutures. He was treated with topical antibiotics, and although the infection resolved, he was left with a large corneal scar, ultimately requiring penetrating keratoplasty. In this patient, the development of a corneal infection around loose sutures was likely a result of the difficult-to-close complex stellate wound.
COUNTY RECORDS AND MAJOR RANGE EXTENSIONS FOR VASCULAR PLANTS FROM THE WEST CROSS TIMBERS IN ERATH COUNTY, TEXAS

Abstract Floristic data for Erath County, Texas, is unknown or limited. In this investigation plants were collected from 35 sites in Erath County from September 2003 to April 2008. Plants were iden...
Postprandial pH and Neutralizing Capacity of the Proximal Duodenum in Dogs

The pH of the contents of the duodenal bulb and of the midduodenum (15 cm from the pylorus) of dogs was continuously recorded from miniature glass electrodes inserted through metal cannulas implanted in these parts of the duodenum. Following a meat meal the mean bulbar pH was 3.4 to 3.7 and the midduodenal pH was 5.2 to 5.5. Estimates based on titrating food samples acidified in vitro or taken from the dogs' stomachs indicated that about 55% of the titratable acidity was neutralized during passage of the acid chyme through the first 15 cm of duodenum. Only in the proximal duodenum was the pH level low enough to cause release of secretin.
Spiritual Pizzica: A Southern Italian Perspective on Contemporary Paganism

In this article, the result of an ongoing ethnographic fieldwork among a contemporary Pagan group in the Salento area of Italy, I research the peculiar expression of contemporary Pagan spiritualities centered on the interpretation of a “traditional” local dance called pizzica. I focus on the specific way of understanding and living time and temporality among this group that happens through the performance of this dance. In particular, by presenting the particular historicity—i.e. the way in which time and temporality are understood and experienced—of the Salentine group I studied that I refer to as “expanded present” or “presence,” I argue for a re-articulation of the relationships between contemporary Paganism and “history,” “tradition,” and the “reconstructionist/eclectic” spectrum in understanding contemporary Paganisms.
Syncytium cell growth increases IK1 contribution in human iPS-cardiomyocytes

Summary Human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) enable cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine. However, their maturity is of concern, including relatively depolarized resting membrane potential and more spontaneous activity compared to adult cardiomyocytes, implicating low or lacking inward-rectifier potassium current (Ik1). Here, protein quantification confirms Ik1 expression in hiPS-CM syncytia, albeit several times lower than in adult heart tissue. We find that hiPS-CM cell culture density influences Ik1 expression and the associated electrophysiology phenotype. All-optical cardiac electrophysiology and pharmacological treatments reveal reduction of spontaneous and irregular activity in denser cultures. Blocking Ik1 with BaCl2 increased spontaneous frequency and blunted action potential upstrokes during pacing in a dose-dependent manner only in the highest-density cultures, in line with Ik1’s role in regulating the resting membrane potential. Our results emphasize the importance of syncytial growth of hiPS-CM for more physiologically-relevant phenotype and the power of all-optical electrophysiology to study cardiomyocytes in their multicellular setting.
Fairness analysis of health resources of endemic diseases institutions in Henan Province

Objective To understand the fairness of health resources of endemic diseases institutions in Henan Province,to provide evidence for endemic allocation of health resources for the government.Methods Health-related data resources in endemic disease prevention and control institutions were collected in Henan Province,including personnel,business space area,the value of equipment,and health funding,etc.The percentages of population distribution and geographical distribution of health resources were calculated; Lorenz curves of demographic fairness and geographic fairness were drawn.According to Lorenz curve (Gini coefficients of the population and the geographical distribution were calculated based on Lorenz curve),Gini coefficients were used to evaluate the fairness of the endemic disease prevention institutions for health resource allocation.Results As can be seen from Lorenz curve,the population fairness of endemic disease prevention and health personnel was the best,but the number of senior officers was less and the total value of equipment owned was low.The geographical fairness of all the indicators of health resources was poorer,and geographic fairness among senior officers was the worst.The Gini coefficient of health technical personnel,senior personnel,undergraduate or above personnel,value of equipments,area of business room and health funding allocation determined by the population distribution was less than 0.4.The health resources were relatively fair and reasonable according to the distribution of population.The Gini coefficients of all the indicators determined by the distribution of geography were higher than those determined by the distribution of population.Furthermore,the geographic Gini coefficient of senior personnel was above 0.4 which was in the vigilance state.Conclusions The equality of health resources determined by population distribution in the institutions for endemic diseases control in Henan is superior to those determined by geographic distribution.The allocations of health resources of endemic diseases control in different areas are unbalanced. Key words: Health resources; Equality; Gini coefficient; Outcome evaluation
Binge Drinking by Occupation Groups among Currently Employed U.S. Adults in 32 States, 2013-2016.

Excessive alcohol use, including binge drinking (i.e., ≥5 drinks (males); ≥4 drinks (females), per occasion during the past 30 days), is associated with work-related injuries, absenteeism, and lost...
Empirical Estimation and Analysis of the Dark Ideality factor ‘n’ of single c-Si and c-GaAs Solar cells at Different Sun Irradiation

The dark ‘n’ value of an illuminated single p-n junction solar cell is a critical parameter that influences the overall performance of the cell. We have estimated the dark ‘n’ values of single cells of c-Si and c-GaAs using an empirical approach by combining measured data of the cells with a simple and straight forward One Diode PV model of a single p-n junction solar cell. Results obtained suggest that the dark ‘n’ values of c-Si cells are larger than that of c-GaAs cells at 1 Sun illumination. The ‘n’ values for both types of cells increase when the illumination is reduced to 0.95 Sun. Our measurements also predict External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of both cells indicating contributions at each wavelength of the illumination consistent with the bandgap of Si and GaAs.
The Supreme Court and the Meaning of ‘Sex’: How Justices’ Definition Clashes With the Trump Administration’s

This article examines the implications of the Supreme Court's decision in Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia, on the U.S. Department of Health rule determining that the Affordable Care Act does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation. The article explains that in the war over the meaning of the word "sex," the Supreme Court has the final word.
Small molecules targeting misfolded mutants of p53 as a rescue strategy to improve glioblastoma chemotherapy

Abstract p53 is a transcription factor that activates many genes involved in essential maintenance of genetic stability. P53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. One-third of these p53 mutations are structural, resulting in mutants with disrupted protein conformations. Here, we review current progress in p53-targeted drug development. These are strategies to reactivate wild-type function of a misfolded mutant p53. Most p53-targeted drugs are still at early stages of development and many of them are progressing slowly toward clinical implementation. There are significant challenges to meet before clinical translation of new antimisfolding p53-targeted drugs.
The antinomy of gehenna: Pavel Florensky's contribution to debates on hell and universalism

In The Pillar and Ground of the Truth Pavel Florensky presents an account of hell, or ‘Gehenna’, that synthesises two seemingly irreconcilable claims: that God will save all people, and that some people will reject God forever. In insisting that both claims are true, and by recasting standard categories of final judgement, purgation and human identity, Florensky produces a novel contribution in contemporary debates about hell and universalism. I begin by surveying his account, then address two key interpretive questions raised by his critics, and conclude by situating his account within modern western conversations.
Fast-Tracking Patients in an Academic Hospital to Increase Efficiency and Decrease Discharge Delays: A Process Improvement Plan.

Purpose The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if implementing a Phase II postanesthesia care unit (PACU II) to fast-track patients following surgery in an academic hospital would decrease OR hold times and increase patient flow efficiency. Design An observational pre-post design was used to compare PACU bypass rates and recovery times for ambulatory surgery (AS) patients before and after implementation of a patient fast-tracking program. Methods A PACU II was instituted and a fast-tracking program using the White Fast-Track Scoring tool was adopted. Nursing staff as well as anesthesia providers were educated to assess patients using the tool as well as the appropriate patient population to be transferred to the new PACU II. Findings Following implementation of the new unit and the fast-tracking program, a PACU bypass rate of 30% was achieved and there was a significant decrease in PACU length of stay for AS patients. Conclusions The results suggest that fast-tracking is a suitable intervention to decrease inefficiencies in an academic setting despite higher acuity patient populations.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces the release of transglutaminase 2 from human airway epithelial cells.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised, yet no effective treatments or vaccines are available. The precise mechanism underlying RSV-induced acute airway disease and associated sequelae are not fully understood; however, early lung inflammatory and immune events are thought to play a major role in the outcome of the disease. Moreover, oxidative stress responses in the airways plays a key role in the pathogenesis of RSV. Oxidative stress has been shown to elevate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels, which in turn activate Ca2+-dependent enzymes, including transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Transglutaminase 2 is a multifunctional cross-linking enzyme implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions; however, its involvement in respiratory virus-induced airway inflammation is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that RSV-induced oxidative stress promotes enhanced activation and release of TG2 from human lung epithelial cells as a result of its translocation from the cytoplasm and subsequent release into the extracellular space, which was mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and NF-κB pathways. Antioxidant treatment significantly inhibited RSV-induced TG2 extracellular release and activation via blocking viral replication. Also, treatment of RSV-infected lung epithelial cells with TG2 inhibitor significantly reduced RSV-induced matrix metalloprotease activities. These results suggested that RSV-induced oxidative stress activates innate immune receptors in the airways, such as TLRs, that can activate TG2 via the NF-κB pathway to promote cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in enhanced inflammation.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Token Economy Practices in K-5 Educational Settings, 2000 to 2019.

Token economy systems have been widely used as an evidence-based classroom management strategy to reinforce and improve prosocial responses. While token economies have been widely applied to educat...
Disclaiming Loyalty: M&A Advisors and Their Engagement Letters

Are investment banks fiduciaries of their merger and acquisition clients? If not, what rules, if any, constrain the conflicts of interest M&A advisors may face when advising their clients? These questions are rarely asked but central to the regulation of investment banking activities. In their article Bankers and Chancellors, 93 TEX. L. REV. 1 (2014), Professors William W. Bratton & Michael L. Wachter contend that M&A advisors effectively contract out of fiduciary duties in their client engagement letters, “emerg[ing] in practice as arm’s-length counterparties constrained less by rules of law than by a market for reputation.” They also regard recent Delaware decisions, namely, Del Monte, El Paso, and Rural Metro, as requiring directors to “treat the banker like an arm’s-length counterparty, assuming self-interested motivation on the banker’s part and using contract to protect [the corporation] and its shareholders.” In this Response to Bankers and Chancellors, I argue against each of these conclusions by pointing to the narrow operation of informed consent in engagement letters and to the unique role of fiduciary doctrine in protecting clients’ interests.
Unfairness metrics for space-sharing parallel job schedulers

Sociology, computer networking and operations research provide evidence of the importance of fairness in queuing disciplines. Currently, there is no accepted model for characterizing fairness in parallel job scheduling. We introduce two fairness metrics intended for parallel job schedulers, both of which are based on models from sociology, networking, and operations research. The first metric is motivated by social justice and attempts to measure deviation from arrival order, which is perceived as fair by the end user. The second metric is based on resource equality and compares the resources consumed by a job with the resources deserved by the job. Both of these metrics are orthogonal to traditional metrics, such as turnaround time and utilization. The proposed fairness metrics are used to measure the unfairness for some typical scheduling policies via simulation studies. We analyze the fairness of these scheduling policies using both metrics, identifying similarities and differences.
Video Art: Cultural Transformations

In the 1960s, there were efforts to move broadcast television in the direction of the experimental video art by altering television's conventional format. Fred Barzyk, in his role as a producer and director at WGBH-TV in Boston, was uniquely positioned to act as a link between television and experimental video artists who normally would not have had access to the technology available at a major broadcast facility. As the leading innovator in the beginnings of video art, the Korean American Nam June Paik (1932-2006) deserves special mention. His work bridges the worlds of art, video technology, and television. The video works of Nan June Paik, Amy Greenfield, Peter Campus, Feng Meng Bo, Elizabeth Sussman and other video artists are considered in this essay as key contributors to the development of video art. The selection is based on my experience with the artists cited. Despite video art's growing popularity among contemporary artists in the 1970s and beyond, the museums were slow to acknowledge this development. One of the problems was deciding where, among the existing museum collections, to locate video art. In its 50 some years of history, video art has enjoyed a remarkable success in its artistic innovations while undergoing changes in formats virtually at the speed of rapid advances in electronic visual technology. Ironically, the legacy of creative television set in motion by Barzyk and his generation has been largely coopted by the television broadcasting industry, which mainly serves as a platform for mass media advertising.
The Optimum Theory of Turbulence

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the optimum theory represents an approach toward the understanding of turbulent flows without the introduction of heuristic assumptions that are commonly used in other theories of turbulence. As there does not seem to be a generally accepted definition of turbulence, this chapter shall regard, for the present purpose, a fluid flow as turbulent if the details of the velocity field are too complex to be of interest and only the information about certain average properties is needed. The chapter highlights that the optimum theory is hardly appropriate for all turbulent systems of this general nature and a more suitable mathematical definition of turbulence will be required later. The main point is that turbulent fluid systems are characterized by an information gap that is neither possible nor desirable to fill. The optimum theory represents an alternative approach in which the lack of information about properties of the fluctuating velocity field is reflected by the theoretical results. Instead of a theoretical prediction of the physically realized average properties, bounds on those properties are obtained. The idea of the optimum theory is to consider not the manifold of solutions of the basic equations for a particular problem, but a larger manifold of vector fields, which includes the actual solutions. This manifold of fields shares with the solutions kinematic relationships such as boundary conditions and the energy balance.
Higher-Order Perturbations

The rules of linear beam dynamics allow the design of beam transport systems with virtually any desired beam characteristics. Whether such characteristics actually can be achieved depends greatly on our ability or lack thereof to control the source and magnitude of perturbations. Only the lowest-order perturbation terms were discussed in [4.1] in the realm of linear, paraxial beam dynamics. With the continued sophistication of accelerator design and increased demand on beam quality it becomes more and more important to also consider higher-order magnetic field perturbations as well as kinematic perturbation terms.
Location on the Salmonella typhimurium Chromosome of the Gene Encoding Nucleoside Diphosphokinase (ndk)

The gene encoding nucleosidediphosphate kinase (ndk) was located at 55 units on the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome. The ndk locus was 83% cotransducible with hisS and 2% cotransducible with glyA in phage P22-mediated crosses. A nucleosidediphosphate kinase mutant that produced only 10% of the wild-type enzyme activity (ndk-1) grew normally and produced a heat-labile enzyme.
Genetics of Age at Menarche

Age at menarche, defined as the age at first menstruation, is a complex trait influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. A younger age at menarche has been linked to increased risks later in life for a number of diseases including reproductive cancers, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. A better understanding of the genetic factors influencing menarche may not only help us to gain more mechanistic insight into normal reproduction functions and those associated diseases, but may also have important clinical implications for the identification of high-risk subgroups that may benefit from early intervention. Our current knowledge of the genetic basis of age at menarche mainly comes from the results from linkage analysis, and candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. New technologies and approaches, such as next-generation sequencing and integrative molecular epidemiology, may provide useful tools for the further discovery of the genetic factors impacting age at menarche. Key Concepts: Age at menarche varies substantially between individuals. A younger age at menarche has been linked to increased risks for cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Age at menarche is a complex trait that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It is estimated that approximately 50% of the observed variation in age at menarche is contributed by genetic factors. Different genetic approaches have identified genetic loci that are responsible for age at menarche. However, the confirmed genetic loci can only explain a small proportion of the observed variation. Future studies of the genetics of age at menarche will focus on rare genetic variations, gene–environment interactions and functional characterisation of the identified genetic variations. Identification of the genetic factors impacting age at menarche may help us to understand normal reproduction functions and diseases associated with menarche timing. This information may then be translated into clinical applications that might allow us to predict early menarche and to identify high-risk subgroups that might benefit from early interventions. Keywords: age at menarche; genetic variation; genetic loci; genetic variants; linkage; association; candidate genes; genome-wide association studies; gene–environment interaction
DNA histograms of irradiated cells: The case of prophase-trapping

A time-dependent DNA histogram is calculated for an irradiated population of cells under the limiting assumption that the cells cannot pass through prophase due to the effects of the radiation. The population is assumed to increase exponentially prior to irradiation, but after irradiation to neither gain nor lose cells. Chromosome-number dispersion is taken into account in the calculation. The qualitative behavior of the calculated and experimental histograms are in reasonable agreement. The quantitative agreement between the two is relatively good at short post-irradiation times but is poor at long post-irradiation times (say, greater than half the doubling time). This suggests that recovery phenomena cannot be neglected at long post-irradiation times.
Predator-Induced Defense in the Barnacle Chthamalus fissus

Inducible defenses are phenotypically plastic traits in which individuals or colonies develop a predator/herbivore-resistant trait in response to a cue. The barnacle Chthamalus fissus, commonly found in the upper intertidal of southern California and Baja California, Mexico, exhibits three morphs: one with an oval operculum, one with a narrow, slit-like operculum, and a relatively uncommon bent form with the operculum opening on one side. A previous study suggested that the narrow and bent morphs are defended from attack by the predatory snail Mexcanthina lugubris lugubris. In the present study, predator exposure and predator exclusion experiments revealed that operculum morphology of C. fissus is a plastic trait: individuals exposed to M. lugubris lugubris develop into the narrow operculum morph or, less commonly, the bent morph. While some species of marine invertebrates exhibit either a generalized plasticity response to various predators or plastic traits that are specific to the type of predator to which they have been exposed, the observation in this study appears to be the first demonstration of the occurrence of alternative inducible defenses to the same predator within a single species of marine invertebrate.
An improved MOSCED equation for the prediction and application of infinite dilution activity coefficients

Abstract Infinite dilution activity coefficients are a valuable tool in separation process design. They are used as a direct indication of unlike pair interactions; they are often relatively straightforward to measure or estimate; and their application can frequently save extensive experimental or computational effort. The initial development of the MOSCED equation was limited by the inadequacy of scales of acidity-basicity available at the time, resulting in a large number of adjustable parameters. Recently, spectroscopic and other physico-chemical data have become available that can be used to improve greatly the quantitative estimation of the various molecular interactions in solution. One such set of spectroscopic data that provide an accurate and easily obtainable measure of the acid-base interactions in solution is the solvatochromic acidity/basicity scale. We have used this extensive database to evaluate the chemical interaction term in the MOSCED model, and substantially reduce the number of adjustable parameters with no significant change in accuracy. The results may lead to a much better basic understanding of solution interactions.
EFFECTS OF ENDPOINT TEMPERATURE, pH, AND STORAGE TIME ON COOKED INTERNAL COLOR REVERSION OF PORK LONGISSIMUS CHOPS

This project evaluated the internal cooked color changes that occurred during postcooking storage of pork loin chops (m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum, n = 120) from one of six combinations of three endpoint temperatures (71.1, 76.6 and 82.2C) and two pH groups (lower, 5.4–5.5 and higher, 5.6–5.7). Initial internal color (L*a*b*), and 24 and 48 h storage (4C) pink color development were evaluated after cooking. Although pH had no effect (P > 0.05) on initial cooked color, chops with higher pH were more red (P < 0.05) and had more pink color development during storage. Increased endpoint temperature decreased (P < 0.05) initial a* values. During storage, chops from all endpoint temperatures developed a pink color with chops cooked to 76.6C having the largest increase in a*. Of the three endpoint temperatures, cooking to 82.2C minimized pink color development in cooked, uncured pork loin chops.
Collaborative study: determination of retinol and carotene by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Seventeen laboratories participated in the analysis of 10 products for carotene and retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography. Test materials were saponified and the nonsaponifiables were extracted with petroleum ether. The extract was injected into the liquid chromatograph for determination of carotene at 450 nm/436 nm, using a C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:methylene chloride:methanol:water (70:20:8:2, v/v). Retinol was determined at 325 nm/313 nm by using a C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of methanol:water (90:10, v/v). The biological activities of retinol and carotene expressed in international units were summed to give total activity. The repeatability (within laboratory) coefficients of variation ranged from 3.46–15.65%, and the reproducibility (among laboratories) coefficients of variation ranged from 5.34–15.77%.
In silico analysis of RET variants in medullary thyroid cancer: from the computer to the bedside.

ObjectiveThe American Thyroid Association (ATA) medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) guidelines group RET variants, in the setting of familial medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, into 4 classes of severity based on epidemiological data. The aim of this study was to determine if genotype correlates with phenotype in RET missense mutations.Study DesignIn silico mutational tolerance prediction.SettingAcademic research hospital.Subjects and MethodsWe analyzed all RET variants currently listed in the ATA guidelines for the management of MTC using 2 computer-based (in silico) mutation tolerance prediction approaches: PolyPhen-2 HumVar and PolyPhen-2 HumDiv. Our analysis also included 27 different RET single-nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in missense variants.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the overall HumDiv score between ATA groups A and B (P = .025) and a statistically significant different HumVar score between benign polymorphisms and ATA group A (P = .0...
Mechanical behavior of fire-resistant biocomposite

Biocomposites are typically formed by binding natural fibers derived from plants or cellulose using organic binders. The fibers that are used are normally industrial by-products and, hence, they are abundant and inexpensive. One such material is sawdust, and varieties of composite boards are being manufactured utilizing sawdust as filler material. Two major drawbacks of this system are their vulnerability to fire and very low bending strength. Both the matrix and the sawdust are flammable and this paper deals with using an inorganic matrix to improve the fire resistance. The inorganic matrix can resist temperatures up to 1000 °C and it provides protection to sawdust for short durations. The strength of these boards was increased by reinforcing with a very low percentage of high strength glass and carbon fibers. Since these fibers provide up to a fifteen-fold increase in strength, the cost increase is justifiable. Prisms were made using various proportions of sawdust ranging from about 11% to 38% by mass. The prisms were tested in compression and flexure to obtain the basic mechanical properties and determine the optimal sawdust content. Prisms with optimal sawdust content were also strengthened with glass or carbon fiber reinforcements to increase flexural capacity. The results indicate that it is possible to manufacture and engineer these types of composite beams to obtain a specified strength without using any specialized equipment, heat, or pressure, thus, producing an environmentally conscious biocomposite material.
Binuclear complexes of Co(III) containing extended conjugated bis(catecholate) ligands.

Binuclear complexes of cobalt(III) have been prepared with 3,3‘,4,4‘-tetrahydroxy-benzaldazine (H4thB), 3,3‘,4,4‘-tetrahydroxy-5,5‘-dimethoxybenzaldazine (H4thM), and 3,3‘,4,4‘-tetrahydroxydimethylbenzaldazine (H4thA) as bis(catecholate) ligands that link metal ions separated by 16 A through a conjugated bridge. In one case, [Co2(bpy) 4(thM)]2+, stereodynamic properties observed in solution by 1H NMR are associated with valence tautomerism, with formation of a labile hs-Co(II) species by electron transfer from the catecholate regions of the bridge. Electrochemical oxidation of the complexes occurs at the bridges as two closely spaced one-electron couples. Chemical oxidation of [Co2(bpy) 4(thB)]2+ with Ag+ is observed to occur as a two-electron process forming [Co2(bpy) 4(thBSQ,SQ)]4+. Attempted crystallization in the presence of air was observed to result in formation of the [Co(bpy)2(BACat)]+ (H2BACat, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) cation by aerobic oxidation. Structural characterization is provided for the...
The Father Figure in Psychology and Religion

still rooted in fathering? What form does it take? How pervasive is it? Recent literature, working from within a framework of assumptions that allows for a critical dialogue between psychological and religious perspectives, has presented fresh insight into this problem. Bakan and Erikson, for example, converge upon a reexamination of the crucial importance of the father motif and suggest that several potent factors still reside in the father figure itself.' Alexander Mittscherlich, in an
Geochemistry of water at Cajon Pass, California: Preliminary results

Samples of water and associated gases were collected from the Cajon Pass well using downhole samplers, and from the pipe stands at the completion of drill stem tests. The fluids were recovered from fracture systems in granitic rocks from two uncased test intervals located at 1,829 to 1,905 m and 1,829 to 2,115 m. Results of chemical analysis indicate major differences in the composition of water from different fracture systems. Water from one fracture system in the first test interval has a salinity of 2,150 mg/L dissolved solids and is relatively high in Cl, Ca and Fe, but low in HCO3 and SO4; water salinity from a second fracture system is only 950 mg/L and is dominated by Na, HCO3 and SO4. Most of the water from the second interval likely originated from one fracture system; it is alkaline, low in HCO3, has a salinity of 1,150 mg/L, and is a NaSO4 type water characteristic of pore water in the granitic rocks of the area. The differences in water composition indicate different evolutionary paths and isolation of water within relatively proximal fracture systems.
Physicochemical properties of maltosyl and glucosaminyl derivatives of beta-lactoglobulin

Maltosyl and glucosaminyl derivatives of beta-lactoglobulin (b-LG) were analyzed for their physicochemical properties: reduced viscosity, ultraviolet difference spectra, intrinsic fluorescence, hydrophobicity and circular dichroism. The viscosity of these derivatives increased as the mass of the carbohydrates covalently linked to b-LG increased. The ultraviolet difference spectra and the intrinsic fluorescence of these proteins revealed that the microenvironments of aromatic amino acid residues of b-LG were increasingly exposed to the surface of the protein as the extent of modification increased; and the polarity of these residues also increased as modification increased. The hydrophobicities of M-b-LG derivatives decreased as the extent of modification increased while the hydrophobicities of G-b-LG derivatives were relatively unchanged. The circular dichroic analysis of these proteins indicated that the order secondary structures of the extensively modified derivatives of b-LG were partially unfolded. Thus, the carbohydrates covalently linked to b-LG altered many physiochemical properties. These physicochemical changes of b-LG apparently resulted from an alteration of forces stabilizing the structure of the protein.
Transport properties of a polyimide solvent resistant nanofiltration membrane

Abstract A series of solvent resistant polyimide membranes, with nominal molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) between 230–700 Da, are evaluated through high pressure filtration of six solutes dissolved in toluene. These solutes range in MW from 142 to 311 Da, and include normal and branched alkanes, and aromatic compounds. The asymmetric membranes, made from a copolymer of benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid with toluene diisocyanate and methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate), shows preferential transport of straight chain over branched alkanes, and of aromatic over non-aromatic compounds. The normal alkanes allow for estimation of MWCO. Performance curves are generated for this family of polyimide membranes. Transport rates, in mm/h, are determined for each dissolved component based on a solution–diffusion equation. These rates are then used to predict membrane performance under alternative conditions of pressure and composition. The results are consistent over the whole range of MWCO’s with the membranes acting in a solution–diffusion mode. These membranes have industrial utility in the enrichment of aromatic streams and in nanofiltration applications.
Reassignment of structures of the dihydro-v-tetrazines☆

Abstract The white crystalline product III from the oxidation of biacetyl bis -benzoylhydrazone, previously believed to be a dibenzoyldihydro- v -tetrazine has now been shown by its N.M.R. and infrared spectrum as well as its ready hydrolysis with acid and the reduction of one benzoyl group to benzyl alcohol to be not a tetrazine but instead the enol benzoate IIIB of 1-benzoylamino-4,5-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazole, an imino anhydride. The previously observed rearrangement of this substance on heating with the formation of 1-[N,N,-dibenzoylamino]-4,5-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazole is then reinterpreted as a 1,3-benzoyl migration from oxygen to nitrogen. Similarly the oxidation product of benzil bis -benzoylhydrazone is, instead of a dihydrotetrazine, the enol benzoate (XII) of 1-benzoylamino-4,5-diphenyl-1,2,3-triazole and the oxidation product from the bis -benzoylhydrazone of pyruvaldehyde is the enol benzoate VIII of 1-benzoylamino-5-methyl-1,2,3-triazole. It seems unlikely that any reported examples of diacyldihydro- v -tetrazines analogous to III are authentic.
Computing Diameter in the Streaming and Sliding-WindowModels

We investigate the diameter problem in the streaming and sliding-window models. We show that, for a stream of $n$ points or a sliding window of size $n$, any exact algorithm for diameter requires $\Omega(n)$ bits of space. We present a simple $\epsilon$-approximation algorithm for computing the diameter in the streaming model. Our main result is an $\epsilon$-approximation algorithm that maintains the diameter in two dimensions in the sliding-window model using $O(({1}/{\epsilon^{3/2}}) \log^{3}n(\log R+\log\log n + \log ({1}/{\epsilon})))$ bits of space, where $R$ is the maximum, over all windows, of the ratio of the diameter to the minimum non-zero distance between any two points in the window.
A two-step, one-pot route to swap the pyrroline moiety in meso -tetraaryldihydroxy-chlorins with an O/N - substituted oxazoline

Abstract Reaction of diolchlorins—made from meso -tetraarylporphyrins by OsO 4 -mediated oxidation—with NaIO 4 on silica gel in the presence of a secondary amine or alcohol, followed by MnO 4 − -induced oxidation, leads to the replacement of a pyrroline β-carbon with oxygen to form α-substituted oxazolochlorin aminals or acetals, respectively. This two-step, one-pot reaction is a significant improvement over existing methods to prepare the oxazoline-based porphyrinoids. The number of steps is reduced from 5 to 2 and the overall yields more than doubled to 33–86%. The reaction also allows the preparation of oxazolochlorins carrying meso -substituents that are incompatible with existing methods. Lastly, the reaction further highlights the reactivity of morpholino-chlorins and provides further clues as to the mechanism of the intriguing carbon-to-oxygen atom swap reaction step in the current reaction, as well as in previously observed reactions.
Exchange-correlation effects on the superconductivity of a layered two-dimensional system

The effects of the Hubbard exchange-correlation term G(k) on the normal and superconducting state properties of a layered 2D system has been investigated. It is shown that it can induce a metal-insulator phase transition when the condition PF≈1/c, where c is the interlayer separation, is satisfied. For lower carrier densities, the plasmon-mediated superconductivity is suppressed, whereas at higher densities superconductivity can exist with Tc having a bell-shape dependence on the carrier density.
The pyrolytic release experiment - Measurement of carbon assimilation

The pyrolytic release experiment or carbon assimilation experiment is one of the three modules in the biology instrument on the 1976 Viking landers, which aims at detecting microbial life in Martian surface materials. The paper examines this experiment relative to the scientific assumptions in developing the test, the laboratory investigation supporting the experimental concept, and the operation and testing of the flight instrument. The only assumptions made are that the Martian species are adapted to function in their arid environment and that atmospheric CO2 or CO are assimilated by the species. Although the test is primarily designed to measure photoassimilation of CO2 or CO, the assimilation of these gases in heterotrophic or chemolithotrophic metabolism could also be detected. A new possibility for a carbon cycle on Mars is discussed.
Acoustic Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of Cr 2 + in MgO

The theory of acoustic paramagnetic resonance (APR) for the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}(3{d}^{4})$ ion at cubic crystal sites with octahedral coordination is developed for comparison with data by Marshall and Rampton for ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ in MgO. An analytic model that takes explicit account of random strain is obtained and shown to predict in a simple way both the angular dependence of the resonance lines and the asymmetric line shape found experimentally. Although most ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ ions experience distortions of effectively orthorhombic symmetry, the apparent presence of a tetragonal distortion at the site of the relatively few acoustically active ions is shown to result from the conditions of the experiments, in which the random strain splitting of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ levels is typically larger than the acoustic energy quantum. Using this model, we show that the data for ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ in MgO may be accounted for quantitatively if the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ is subject to a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect for which the tunneling splitting $3\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ is large compared with the spin-orbit splitting of the $^{5}E$ state. This interpretation differs from one proposed previously by Fletcher and Stevens, in which a much smaller value for $3\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ was obtained. It is shown that from presently available data one cannot yet determine $3\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ or other Jahn-Teller parameters of the system with any certainty. The theory of a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect for a $^{5}E$ state is developed in a general way to encompass the regime of weak Jahn-Teller coupling, which would be applicable to APR experiments on ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ in tetrahedral coordination, while also including the limit of strong coupling in which the adiabatic approximation used by Fletcher and Stevens is applicable.
Juvenile Polyp in Esophageal Colon Interposition

Esophageal polyps are rare in children, whereas colorectal juvenile polyps are common. An 11-year-old boy with an esophageal colonic interposition for an esophageal stricture secondary to caustic injury was found to have a polypoid mass in the interposed colon. Fiberoptic endoscopic removal with diathermy was performed. Histological examination confirmed it was a juvenile polyp. The occurrence of a polyp in a colon removed from its natural location and serving a different function suggests the possibility that an unknown factor produced by colonic cells play a pivotal role in its development.
Form Discrimination Performance of Linguistically Retarded Children

Intra- and intermodal form-discrimination performance was studied in 9 linguistically retarded children. Stimuli were the blocks which comprise the Seguin Form Board. The main findings were that haptic intramodal discriminations were the most difficult of the various conditions and that visual-haptic intermodal discriminations were not significantly more difficult than visual intramodal ones. The first finding may be in part an artifact of simultaneous versus successive stimulation. The second finding was discussed in relation to dissimilar findings from previous studies of various other retarded groups. Methodological problems inherent in previous designs were described, and reasons for the disparity in experimental results were suggested.
Microscale electronic detection of bacterial metabolism

Abstract In this paper, we present a microscale impedance-based technique for detecting the metabolic activity of a few live bacterial cells. Impedance-based detection relies on measuring changes in the ac impedance of two electrodes in contact with a liquid where the bacteria are cultured, caused by the release of ionic species by metabolizing cells. Rapid detection of a few live cells (1–10) is, in theory, possible if the cells are confined into a volume on the order of nanoliters. A microfluidic biochip prototype has been fabricated to explore this technique, consisting of a network of channels and chambers etched in a crystalline silicon substrate. The complex impedance of bacterial suspensions is measured with interdigitated platinum electrodes in a 5.27 nl chamber in the biochip at frequencies between 100 Hz and 1 MHz. After 2 h of off-chip incubation, the minimum number of live cells suspended in a low conductivity buffer that could be easily distinguished from the same number of heat-killed cells was on the order of 100 Listeria innocua , 200 L. monocytogenes , and 40 Escherichia coli cells, confined into the 5.27 nl chamber. A number on the order of 100 live L. innocua cells suspended in Luria–Bertani (LB) broth produced a significantly higher signal than the same number of heat-killed cells, and a difference is evident even down to ∼5–20 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of microscale impedance-based detection of bacterial metabolism.
Short-Term Contracting and Strategic Oil Reserves

The effect of short-term contracting on resource extraction is studied, in a two-country model of international trade in oil. Countries' planners are assumed to be fully rational, with perfect information and perfect foresight. Contracts are assumed perfectly enforceable and complete, except that short-term contracts do not allow commitments to actions taken beyond the contract period. We show that short-term contracting limits countries' opportunities for intertemporal consumption-smoothing, reducing their collective tolerance for temporal variation in consumption. This tends to make them extract more slowly than in the efficient plan that results from long-term contracting. Contractual relationships often outlive the contracts that govern them. It is therefore common for a long-term relationship to be governed by a sequence of short-term contracts. When these contracts allow complete control of the organization of the relationship within each contract period, any outcome that can be achieved in a long-term contract, covering the entire life of the relationship, is also feasible with a sequence of short-term contracts. Short-term contracting can nevertheless have significant effects on resource allocation, because each contract must be voluntarily negotiated in the environment created by its predecessors. An allocation that is acceptable to both parties as a long-term contract might not be voluntarily negotiable as a sequence of short-term contracts. Because short-term contracting is so prevalent, it is worth asking what sorts of relationship can be organized efficiently only by long-term contract, and what kinds of distortion are caused by short-term contracting.' Two kinds of answers to these questions have been given in the literature. One important line of investigation considers the use of "memory" in contracts designed to control parties' incentives under asymmetric information. Baron and Besanko (1985), Rubinstein and Yaari (1983), Sanchez and Zapater (1985), Stiglitz and Weiss (1983), Tirole (1986), and Townsend (1982), among others, have shown how parties can use
Disputed Paternity: The Uncertain Ancestry of Pancreatic Ductal Neoplasia

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Kopp and colleagues report that pancreatic ductal cells are largely refractory to the induction of pancreatic neoplasia. Whereas a rare ductal subpopulation may still prove capable of neoplastic transformation, these findings refocus attention on acinar and other non-ductal cell types as initiators of this deadly neoplasm.
Exact control of a system of diffusion equations

It is shown how a vector control function f(x,t) = (fi(x,t)) can be found that will drive the solution of the linear diffusion system from an arbitrary initial condition u(x,0) = φ(x) = (φi(x), i = 1,2,...,n, to an arbitrary final condition u(x,T) = ψ(x) = (ψi(x)), i = 1,2,...,n, in arbitrary time T.
Structure and mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhzD, an isochorismatase from the phenazine biosynthetic pathway.

PhzD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an isochorismatase involved in phenazine biosynthesis. Phenazines are antimicrobial compounds that provide Pseudomonas with a competitive advantage in certain environments and may be partly responsible for the persistence of Pseudomonas infections. In vivo, PhzD catalyzes the hydrolysis of the vinyl ether functional group of 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate, yielding pyruvate and trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, which is then utilized in the phenazine biosynthetic pathway. PhzD also catalyzes hydrolysis of the related vinyl ethers isochorismate, chorismate, and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate. Here we report the 1.5 A crystal structure of native PhzD, and the 1.6 A structure of the inactive D38A variant in complex with isochorismate. The structures reveal that isochorismate binds to the PhzD active site in a trans-diaxial conformation, and superposition of the structures indicates that the methylene pyruvyl carbon of isochorismate is adjacent to the side chain carboxy...