cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of satiety depends on the energy density and portion size of the test meal

Objective Foods that enhance satiety can reduce overconsumption, but the availability of large portions of energy-dense foods may counter their benefits. The influence on meal energy intake of varying the energy density and portion size of food consumed after a preload shown to promote satiety was tested. Design and Methods In a crossover design, 46 women were served lunch on six days. On four days they ate a compulsory salad (300 g, 0.33 kcal/g). Unlike previous studies, instead of varying the preload, the subsequent test meal of pasta was varied between standard and increased levels of both energy density (1.25 or 1.66 kcal/g) and portion size (450 or 600 g). On two control days a salad was not served. Results Following the salad, the energy density and portion size of the test meal independently affected meal energy intake (both P < 0.02). Serving the higher-energy-dense pasta increased test meal intake by 153 ± 19 kcal and serving the larger portion of pasta increased test meal intake by 40 ± 16 kcal. Compared to having no salad, consuming the salad decreased test meal intake by 123 ± 18 kcal. Conclusions The effect of satiety-enhancing foods can be influenced by the energy density and portion size of other foods at the meal.
Biogenesis of mammalian mitochondria in the renoprival kidney. II. Aspects of mitochondrial DNA synthesis.

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (m-DNA) content and factors which might control its concentration were investigated in the renoprival kidney at various times after unilateral nephrectomy. On the basis of mitochondrial protein, m-DNA increased 30% in the renoprival kidney at 24 hr and returned to normal by 48 hr. The total tissue content of m-DNA was also increased at 24 hr. The specific activity of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporated into m-DNA in vivo was decreased markedly at 24 hr after mononephrectomy; at the same time there was a threefold increase of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into total cellular DNA. The incorporation into m-DNA was above normal at 48 hr. The mitochondrial specific DNase was decreased 60% at 24 and 36 hr post-mononephrectomy. There was no significant difference in the total radioactivity or total optical density at 260 nm of the acid soluble extract from mitochondria isolated at various times after mononephrectomy. The incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into TMP and TDP in the renoprival kidney was not different from normal but there was a decrease in the incorporation into TTP. It is suggested that the increase in mitochondrial DNA could be due to a decrease in the rate of degradation rather than an increase in synthesis.
Distal anastomotic lesions after coronary artery bypass surgery: Incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment approach

Distal anastomotic lesions are the most common reason for venous and arterial graft failure. Redo coronary artery bypass surgery carries a higher risk for mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Many operators therefore consider percutaneous coronary intervention as a good alternative for relieving angina symptoms in this subset of patients with anastomotic lesions. However, the best percutaneous method for treating these lesions is still controversial. Here we review reported data on the incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment of distal anastomotic lesions in both venous and arterial bypass grafts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magma emplacement, differentiation and cooling in the middle crust: Integrated zircon geochronological–geochemical constraints from the Bergell Intrusion, Central Alps

Abstract U–Th–Pb zircon geochronology is an essential tool for quantifying the emplacement, differentiation and thermal evolution of crustal magmatic systems. However, the power of U–Pb zircon dates can be enhanced through complementary characterization of mineral texture and geochemistry, as this permits more detailed interpretations of geochronological datasets than conventionally achieved. Our approach to better relating zircon dates and geological processes consists of a multi-method analytical workflow, including cathodoluminescence imaging (CL), in situ LA-ICPMS/EPMA zircon geochemistry, U–Pb zircon ID-TIMS geochronology, and solution ICPMS zircon Trace Element Analysis (U–Pb TIMS-TEA). These methods are here applied to zircon from the Bergell Intrusion, a composite Alpine pluton preserving a ~ 10 km mid-crustal transect. Hand samples of tonalite, granodiorite and hybridized granitoid each record 250–700 kyr of autocrystic zircon growth. Bergell zircons are ubiquitously zoned with ca. 10 4 –10 6 yr growth histories, as evidenced by ID-TIMS analysis of microsampled fragments from single crystals. U–Pb TIMS-TEA data exhibit compositional trends on multiple spatiotemporal scales, including the handsample -scale, representing in situ differentiation at the emplacement level (e.g., Th/U); lithology -scale, defining trajectories corresponding to the production of tonalitic versus granodioritic magmas (Lu/Hf); and pluton -scale, indicating increasingly-evolved melts over ~1.6 Myr of pluton assembly (Zr/Hf). These absolute TIMS-TEA temporal trends are corroborated by relative LA-ICPMS/EPMA core-to-rim geochemistry. We compare records of trace element evolution from TIMS-TEA, Bergell whole-rock geochemistry, and a global compilation of whole-rock geochemical data. These findings support zircon compositional evolution as a robust indicator of differentiation at local and crustal scales, and provide key empirical constraints on melt differentiation and cooling timescales in the middle crust.
Barite encrustation of benthic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at a marine cold seep

Crusts and chimneys composed of authigenic barite are found at methane seeps and hydrothermal vents that expel fluids rich in barium. Microbial processes have not previously been associated with barite precipitation in marine cold seep settings. Here, we report on the precipitation of barite on filaments of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria at a brine seep in the Gulf of Mexico. Barite-mineralized bacterial filaments in the interiors of authigenic barite crusts resemble filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Beggiatoa. Clone library and iTag amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene show that the barite crusts that host these filaments also preserve DNA of Candidatus Maribeggiatoa, as well as sulfate-reducing bacteria. Isotopic analyses show that the sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions of barite have lower δ(34)S and δ(18)O values than many other marine barite crusts, which is consistent with barite precipitation in an environment in which sulfide oxidation was occurring. Laboratory experiments employing isolates of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria from Gulf of Mexico seep sediments showed that under low sulfate conditions, such as those encountered in brine fluids, sulfate generated by sulfide-oxidizing bacteria fosters rapid barite precipitation localized on cell biomass, leading to the encrustation of bacteria in a manner reminiscent of our observations of barite-mineralized Beggiatoa in the Gulf of Mexico. The precipitation of barite directly on filaments of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, and not on other benthic substrates, suggests that sulfide oxidation plays a role in barite formation at certain marine brine seeps where sulfide is oxidized to sulfate in contact with barium-rich fluids, either prior to, or during, the mixing of those fluids with sulfate-containing seawater in the vicinity of the sediment/water interface. As with many other geochemical interfaces that foster mineral precipitation, both biological and abiological processes likely contribute to the precipitation of barite at marine brine seeps such as the one studied here.
Efficacies of dexfenfluramine and fluoxetine in preventing weight gain after smoking cessation

We tested whether 14 wk of dexfenfluramine (30 mg) or fluoxetine (40 mg) treatment would prevent weight gain after subjects quit smoking. Normal-weight women (n = 144) were randomly assigned to drug or placebo on a double-blind basis for 2 wk before quitting smoking and 12 wk thereafter. The fluoxetine group had more dropouts (28/49, 57.1%) than the dexfenfluramine group (17/47, 36.2%), with an intermediate number of dropouts from the placebo group (21/48, 43.8%). All groups gained weight during treatment, but their amount and pattern of weight gain differed. In the first month after quitting smoking, the placebo group gained more weight than either the dexfenfluramine or fluoxetine group (P < 0.05). By 2 mo postcessation, dexfenfluramine still suppressed weight gain in comparison with placebo (P < 0.05); weight gain with fluoxetine was not differentiable from either dexfenfluramine or placebo. By 3 mo postcessation, the dexfenfluramine group had gained 1.0 +/- 0.7 kg, significantly less than either the placebo (3.5 +/- 0.7 kg) or fluoxetine (2.7 +/- 0.5 kg) groups. Three months after drug discontinuation, formerly medicated, but not placebo patients, showed additional weight gain, eliminating differences between groups. Results indicate that weight gain, an adverse accompaniment of smoking cessation, can be minimized to some degree by serotoninergic drugs, although only for the duration of drug treatment.
Cloning and characterization of the heart muscle isoform of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) from crayfish.

SUMMARY This paper describes the cloning and functional characterization of the heart muscle isoform of Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) from crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The complete crayfish heart SERCA, identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), consists of 4495 bp with a 3060 bp open reading frame, coding for 1020 amino acids. This isoform differs from the previously identified axial abdominal (tail) muscle SERCA solely in its C-terminal amino acids. The last nine amino acids of the tail muscle isoform are replaced by 27 hydrophobic amino acids in the heart isoform that have the potential to form an additional transmembrane domain. Consistent with other invertebrate studies, Southern blot analysis suggested that the heart and tail muscle isoforms are encoded from the same gene that is equally related to SERCA-1, -2 and -3 of vertebrates. The tissue distributions of these two isoforms have been assessed using isoform-specific probes and northern analysis. A cardiac-specific probe bound only to a 5.8 kb species in heart and had minimal cross-hybridization with 7.6 and 5.8 kb species in eggs and no hybridization with tail muscle. A tail-isoform-specific probe hybridized with a 4.5 kb species in tail muscle and cross-hybridized with a 4.5 kb species in eggs and 8.8 kb in heart muscle. Both isoforms are expressed in eggs suggesting that transcripts are formed early in development and are subsequently broadly expressed in all tissue types. Expression of the cardiac muscle SERCA isoform varied with the stage of moulting. Expression was high in intermoult and decreased in premoult. However, expression was restored rapidly in postmoult (within 2 days) unlike expression of tail muscle SERCA, which remained downregulated for weeks. Differences in contractility between the two muscle types in the postmoult period may explain these expression patterns.
Prometaphase spindle maintenance by an antagonistic motor-dependent force balance made robust by a disassembling lamin-B envelope

We tested the classical hypothesis that astral, prometaphase bipolar mitotic spindles are maintained by balanced outward and inward forces exerted on spindle poles by kinesin-5 and -14 using modeling of in vitro and in vivo data from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Throughout prometaphase, puncta of both motors aligned on interpolar microtubules (MTs [ipMTs]), and motor perturbation changed spindle length, as predicted. Competitive motility of purified kinesin-5 and -14 was well described by a stochastic, opposing power stroke model incorporating motor kinetics and load-dependent detachment. Motor parameters from this model were applied to a new stochastic force-balance model for prometaphase spindles, providing a good fit to data from embryos. Maintenance of virtual spindles required dynamic ipMTs and a narrow range of kinesin-5 to kinesin-14 ratios matching that found in embryos. Functional perturbation and modeling suggest that this range can be extended significantly by a disassembling lamin-B envelope that surrounds the prometaphase spindle and augments the finely tuned, antagonistic kinesin force balance to maintain robust prometaphase spindles as MTs assemble and chromosomes are pushed to the equator.
The in vitro interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with human lung epithelial cells

The interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with a human lung epithelial cell line (A549) is described. Encapsulated and acapsular strains adhered to epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner, with the acapsular strain being the most adherent under all conditions tested. Internalized cryptococci were additionally observed. The expression of the adhesins responsible for adherence to the epithelial cells was induced by growth at 37°C. Adhesin expression was repressed in all strains by growth with sucrose as the sole carbon source. A strain-specific repression of adhesin expression was observed after growth with galactose and xylose. A variety of carbohydrates included in the assay suspensions blocked adherence, implicating certain carbohydrate moieties that might serve as ligands for the yeast adhesin. Finally, a monoclonal antibody is described that inhibited cryptococcal adherence to the epithelial cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate a specific interaction between C. neoformans and lung epithelial cells mediated by yeast adhesins whose expression is regulated by environmental factors.
USING SMALL TRUCKS TO CIRCUMVENT LARGE TRUCK RESTRICTIONS: IMPACTS ON TRUCK EMISSIONS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Large truck restrictions have been proposed to improve urban air quality and reduce traffic congestion. Some firms have indicated that they would switch from large to small trucks to circumvent large truck restrictions and maintain a higher level of service. Large truck restrictions may be counterproductive if they induce responses that increase emissions or otherwise degrade performance. This paper analyzes the impact on truck emissions and performance measures of a switch from large to small trucks. This paper also describes the recent efforts in Los Angeles to implement peak period large truck restrictions.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE DROP ON PERFORMANCE OF HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANE MODULE FOR GAS PERMEATION

The pressure drop mainly due to viscous friction inside hollow fibers is taken into consideration by nondimensionalization and numerical simulation of governing equations. For pure gas, the permeation pressure and velocity of actual situations with a viscous fluid deviate significantly from those of the corresponding inviscid or no-pressure-drop cases. The apparent permeability estimated from the relation of permeate flow rate and pressure difference is considerably underestimated in actual situations, and more severely for the region of small pressure difference and large module length. Numerical simulation shows that the estimated permeability behaves as if it were an increasing function of pressure difference for a constant permeability and roughly a constant for a dual-sorption-type permeability, respectively. For binary-mixture permeation the cut ratio and purity of permeate stream are mainly governed by two dimensionless parameters standing for pressure drop and permeability, respectively. The cut ratio and corresponding product composition are predictable without the rigorous simulation of the governing equations.
Thermal lagging in living biological tissue based on nonequilibrium heat transfer between tissue, arterial and venous bloods

Arterial, venous blood and solid tissue are the three energy carriers that contribute to heat transfer in the living biological tissues. A generalized dual-phase lag mode for living biological tissues based on nonequilibrium heat transfer between tissue, arterial and venous bloods is presented in this paper. The phase lag times for heat flux and temperature gradient only depend on properties of artery, vein and tissue, blood perfusion rate and convective heat transfer rate and are estimated using the available properties from the literature. It is found that the phase lag times for heat flux and temperature gradient are the identical for the case that the tissue and blood have the same properties. However, the phase lag times are different for the case that the properties of tissue and bloods are different. The phase lag times for brain and muscles are also discussed.
MicroRNAs mediate dietary-restriction-induced longevity through PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf transcription factors

Summary Background Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to prolong longevity across diverse taxa, yet the mechanistic relationship between DR and longevity remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control aging-related functions such as metabolism and lifespan through regulation of genes in insulin signaling, mitochondrial respiration, and protein homeostasis. Results We have conducted a network analysis of aging-associated miRNAs connected to transcription factors PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf, which are both necessary for DR-induced lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans . Our network analysis has revealed extensive regulatory interactions between PHA-4, SKN-1, and miRNAs and points to two aging-associated miRNAs, miR-71 and miR-228, as key nodes of this network. We show that miR-71 and miR-228 are critical for the response to DR in C. elegans . DR induces the expression of miR-71 and miR-228, and the regulation of these miRNAs depends on PHA-4 and SKN-1. In turn, we show that PHA-4 and SKN-1 are negatively regulated by miR-228, whereas miR-71 represses PHA-4. Conclusions Based on our findings, we have discovered new links in an important pathway connecting DR to aging. By interacting with PHA-4 and SKN-1, miRNAs transduce the effect of dietary-restriction-mediated lifespan extension in C. elegans . Given the conservation of miRNAs, PHA-4, and SKN-1 across phylogeny, these interactions are likely to be conserved in more-complex species.
Architecture and Performance Evaluation for P2P Application in 3G Mobile Cellular Systems

A novel mobile peer-to-peer (MP2P) in cellular networks is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture is based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) that is part of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in the third-generation mobile cellular networks. In this architecture, P2P control messages are transported in SIP messages, so called P2PoverSIP. By way of SIP, the operators can have control on security, group management and chargeability. We describe the target architecture for IMS network. The performance of the architecture is analyzed mathematically.
Ultrastructural changes in the microvillous plasma membrane during lipid absorption: an in vitro study at 0°C

The absorption in vitro at 0°C of a micellar solution composed of fatty acid, monoglyceride, and bile salt into rings of hamster small intestine was studied with special reference to the initial entry of lipid into the epithelial cells. The microvillous plasma membrane from tissue incubated in buffer at 0°C displays a triple-layered asymmetric structure. The cytoplasmic layer of the membrane is denser and thicker than the peripheral layer. During incubation in a micellar solution at 0°C, the brush border plasma membrane shows a reversal of symmetry. The peripheral layer becomes thicker and denser than the cytoplasmic layer of the membrane while there is no change in optical density within the intermediate layer of the membrane. Much material is associated with the brush borders, but little particulate fat is found within the cells. In the light of these observations it is concluded that most of the micellar lipid does not enter the epithelial cells at 0°C but piles up at the surface of the brush border plasma membrane.
Implicit simplicial models for adaptive curve reconstruction

Parametric deformable models have been extensively and very successfully used for reconstructing free-form curves and surfaces, and for tracking nonrigid deformations, but they require previous knowledge of the topological type of the data, and good initial curve or surface estimates. With deformable models, it is also computationally expensive to check for and to prevent self-intersections while tracking deformations. The implicit simplicial models that we introduce in this paper are implicit curves and surfaces defined by piecewise linear functions. This representation allows for local deformations, control of the topological type, and prevention of self-intersections during deformations. As a first application, we also describe an algorithm for 2D curve reconstruction from unorganized sets of data points. The topology, the number of connected components, and the geometry of the data are all estimated using an adaptive space subdivision approach. The main four components of the algorithm are topology estimation, curve fitting, adaptive space subdivision, and mesh relaxation.
The effect of neonatal deafferentation or deefferentation on the immunocytochemistry of muscle spindles in the rat

Immature muscle spindles were either deafferented or deefferented by selectively severing the sensory or motor nerve supply to the soleus muscle in neonatal rats. Experimental spindles were examined two months after the surgery using monoclonal antibodies specific for myosin heavy chains of slow-tonic and fast-twitch chicken muscles. The deefferented spindles exhibited a pattern of antibody binding that closely resembled that of normal adult intrafusal fibers, whereas deafferented intrafusal fibers were unreactive with the two antibodies. These observations suggest that sensory innervation is responsible for the expression of myosins in developing intrafusal muscle fibers of rat.
Contact sensitization to Letterflex urethane photoprepolymer mixture used in printing.

Three printers showed a contact sensitization to the Letterflex® urethane photoprepolymer mixture. The technical chemistry of this new printing procedure is described.
Chemicals tested as space repellents for yellow-fever mosquitoes. II. Carbanilates, benzamides, aliphatic amides, and imides.

A total of 293 carbanilates, benzamides, aliphatic and alicyclic amides, and imides were tested for effectiveness as space repellents against yellow-fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.). Four carbanilates, 2 benzamides, and 1 acetamide gave more than 100 days of protection. N,N-Dipropyl 2-[(p-methoxybenzyl) oxy]acetamide is the most effective space repellent found to date; it gave 266 days of protection.
In situ gas sensing instrument for planetary science

James L. Lambert, Michael Bender, Forian V. Englich, Anita Fisher, Richard Quinn, Tullis C Onstott and Aaron P Zent
Poncelet's porism in the finite real plane

In this article, we continue exploring Poncelet's curves, leveraging their connection to the numerical ranges of special matrices. This connection was recently discovered by (H.-L. Gau and P.Y. Wu, Numerical range of S(ϕ), Lin. Multilin. Alg. 45 (1998), pp. 49–73) and (B. Mirman, Numerical ranges and Poncelet curves, Lin. Alg. Appl. 281 (1998), pp. 59–85). Main result: separated Poncelet's curves may be generated by alternating (in sign) functions and matrices of a special structure. Poncelet's polygons for separated Poncelet's curves have a typically saw-tooth shape.
The oxidation of glucose by crustaceans

Abstract Crabs ( Hemigrapsus nudus ) utilize glucose as an oxidative substrate in all stages of the intermoult cycle, as shown by isotopic labelling experiments. Simultaneous administration of unlabelled glucose, with the labelled sugar, greatly decreases the proportion of 14 C in the respiratory CO 2 .
Genome-wide expression changes induced by HTLV-1 Tax: evidence for MLK-3 mixed lineage kinase involvement in Tax-mediated NF-κB activation

The Tax protein of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an oncoprotein that transactivates viral and cellular genes, plays a key role in HTLV-1 replication and pathogenesis. We used cDNA microarrays to examine Tax-mediated transcriptional changes in the human Jurkat T-cell lines JPX-9 and JPX-M which express Tax and Tax-mutant protein, respectively, under the control of an inducible promoter. Approximately 300 of the over 2000 genes examined were differentially expressed in the presence of Tax. These genes were grouped according to their function and are discussed in the context of existing findings in the literature. There was strong agreement between our results and genes previously reported as being Tax-responsive. Genes that were differentially expressed in the presence of Tax included those related to apoptosis, the cell cycle and DNA repair, signaling factors, immune modulators, cytokines and growth factors, and adhesion molecules. Functionally, we provide evidence that one of these genes, the mixed-lineage kinase MLK-3, is involved in Tax-mediated NF-κB signaling. Our current results provide additional insights into Tax-mediated signaling.
Body dysmorphic disorder and appearance enhancing medical treatments

Abstract This article reviews the literature on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in persons who seek appearance enhancing medical treatments such as cosmetic surgery and dermatological treatment. We begin with a discussion of the growing popularity of cosmetic surgical and minimally invasive treatments. The literature investigating the psychological characteristics is briefly highlighted. Studies investigating the rate of BDD among persons who seek appearance enhancing treatments are detailed and, collectively, suggest that approximately 5–15% of individuals who seek these treatments suffer from BDD. Retrospective reports suggest that persons with BDD rarely experience improvement in their symptoms following these treatments, leading some to suggest that BDD is a contraindication to cosmetic surgery and other treatments. The clinical management of patients with BDD who present for these treatments is briefly described and directions for future research are provided.
Molecular Competition between Large and Small Polyethylene-Glycols (PEGs) Partitioning into OMPC Porin Channels

Molecular crowding by polyethylene glycols (PEGs) has been employed in a wide range of inquiries into molecular structure and dynamics. Investigating the partitioning of crowded polymers into biological nanopores reveals properties also seen in, e.g., DNA ejection and compaction into viral capsids, as well as in facilitated molecule transport. Capitalizing on our previous work on the partitioning of binary PEG mixtures into the benchmark Alpha-Hemolysin nanopore, we have now studied partitioning of mono- and polydisperse polymer solutions into comparably sized, yet differently structured, diffusion channels. We find that in the presence of large non-partitioning PEG 3400, the small, otherwise equipartitioning PEG 200 partitions disproportionately. Specifically, with 15% PEG 3400, an added 15% PEG 200 reduces channel conductance by 65% (compared with channel conductance in polymer-free solutions), while 15% PEG 200 alone reduces channel conductance by only 45%. We employed open-channel noise analysis to investigate channel diffusion properties of individual polymers, and to compare them with their properties in bulk water solution. In this way we demonstrate and quantify crowding-assisted transport through nanopores in mixed-polymer systems.
Renal vein thrombosis: A cause of intrarenal calcification in the newborn

The calcification which may follow renal vein thrombosis (RVT) has a virtually diagnostic radiographic pattern. Previous examples have been noted mainly in follow-up examinations of infants with a history of neonatal RVT. The case reported herein, with pathologic confirmation, illustrates that such calcification may be present even on the first day of life as a result of RVT occurring in utero.
Government mapping in the developing countries

Abstract This paper surveys the efforts of the national mapping agencies in developing countries to fill the need for the accurate data which is a basic requisite for economic development. Of necessity a very broad picture, it examines the general characteristics of these agencies, their products, their cooperation with other mapping agencies and the impact of new technologies on their operations.
The Mellanby Review Award for 2002

The Mellanby Review Award is named after Kenneth Mellanby, the founding editor of Environmental Pollution. The award is made on a biennial basis to a distinguished scientist in one of the many areas that make up the broad field of environmental pollution. The recipient is asked to write a critical review paper that will be published in the journal and will also receive a US $1500 bursary and travel funds to attend a meeting where the paper will be presented in a public lecture and an award certificate presented.
Implications of the Coronary Vascular Endothelium as Mediator of the Vasodilatory and Dromotropic Actions of Adenosine

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the vasodilatory response of adenosine is partially endothelium dependent. Therefore, to further characterize the physiologic role of the vascular endothelium as mediator of adenosine's cardiovascular effects, we have examined in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts the dromotropic and vascular effects of adenosine in the presence of the adenosine antagonist, XAC, covalently conjugated to latex microspheres of 0.07 μm diameter. Our results demonstrate that intravascular infusion of the microsphere XAC conjugates abolishes the vasodilatory and negative dromotropic effects of infused adenosine, and inhibits the dromotropic effects of hypoxia. As these particles because of their size remain intravascularly confined, we conclude that the dromotropic and vasodilatory effects of exogenous adenosine, and the dromotropic effects of hypoxia (endogenous adenosine), arise from the intravascular adenosine compartment acting by way of the vascular endothelium. In addition, while neither the temporal course of vasodilation nor the steady state of vasodilation cause by hypoxia were influenced by unconjugated XAC, our results do show that the microsphere XAC conjugate increase the time necessary for maximum vasodilation to occur during hypoxia.
Multimedia edges: finding hierarchy in all dimensions

This paper describes a new unified representation for the information in a video. We reduce the dimensionality of the signal with either a singular-value decomposition (on the semantic and image data) or mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (on the audio data) and then concatenate the vectors to form a multi-dimensional representation of the video. Using scale-space techniques we find large jumps in the video's path, which we call edges. We use these techniques to analyze the temporal properties of the audio and image data in a video. This analysis creates a hierarchical segmentation of the video, or a table-of-contents, from the audio, semantic and image data.
Simvastatin reduced mortality and vascular events in diabetes mellitus.

Source Citation Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. ...
Typologies As a Unique Form Of Theory Building: Toward Improved Understanding and Modeling

Organizational typologies have proved to be a popular approach for thinking about organizational structures and strategies. Authors developing typologies, however, have been criticized for developing simplistic classification systems instead of theories. Contrary to these criticisms, we argue that typologies meet the criteria of a theory. When typologies are properly developed and fully specified, they are complex theories that can be subjected to rigorous empirical testing using the quantitative models we develop. We conclude by discussing the advantages of typological theories and presenting guidelines to improve the development of typologies.
A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE BLUE DYE T-1824 IN PLASMA.

A method for the estimation of the concentration of the blue dye, T-1824, in plasma has been developed. The method is based on the fact that the dye can be reduced to a colorless compound by Na2S2O4, in alkaline solution. The extinction coefficient is determined under specified conditions before and after reduction of the dye. Under the conditions employed hemoglobin does not interfere, even if partly present as HbCO or as methemoglobin; the absorption of light by the hemoglobin is the same before and after reduction of the dye. Absorption of light by suspended lipids and plasma pigments is also unaltered by the Na2S2O4. Hence variations from sample to sample in hemolysis or degree of lipemia do not affect the accuracy with which T-1824 is determined.
Engineering of the nonspecific phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus: replacement of glutamic acid-4 by alanine results in loss of interfacial catalysis and enhanced phosphomonoesterase activity.

The nonspecific phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to yield diacylglycerol and a phosphate monoester. Glu-4 has been proposed as a potential candidate for the general base in the hydrolysis reaction and was shown to interact with the substrate headgroup. Site-specific mutagenesis studies suggest that Glu-4 is important for substrate binding but not for catalysis. This residue is also critical for the enzyme's preference for a phosphodiester substrate. PA, both monomeric and micellar, is shown to be a poor substrate and inhibitor of wild-type PLC. When Glu-4 was mutated to an alanine, a significant increase in PA hydrolysis and a decrease in PC hydrolysis were observed. Unlike the wild type, kinetic studies suggest that the Glu-4→Ala mutant does not exhibit interfacial activation and processive catalysis. Glu-4 is part of a highly flexible loop flanking the entrance to the active site, suggesting that this loop might constitute an int...
Size-scaling of TEM 00 mode optically pumped semiconductor lasers

The use of a dynamically stable telescopic cavity to compress the cavity length of intra-cavity doubled, TEM00 mode, optically-pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSL's) is evaluated. We find that the cavity length may be adjusted (approximately) between the Rayleigh lengths of the mode sizes on the end mirrors without sacrificing output power or dynamic stability. Consequently, for a 10 W OPSL, the length may be scaled between about 1 and 100 cm. In addition, we calculate that in all respects, the cavity stability range and misalignment sensitivity maintain practical values to about 1 cm cavity length. These results are applied to demonstrate OPSL's producing TEM00 mode outputs of 11.5 and 7.3 W at 531 and 486 nm with resonator footprints as small as 15 mm.
Vascular clearance of blastospore and pseudomycelial phase Candida albicans

Blastospore phase and pseudomycelial phase Candida albicans were infused at a constant rate into the proximal aorta of rabbits and simultaneous quantitative blood cultures were obtained from the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. Arteriovenous differences were greater with pseudomycelial phase C. albicans at all concentrations tested. Rates of clearance of C. albicans as blastospores or with pseudomycelia yielded mean T one-half values of 22 seconds and 17 seconds, respectively. Similarly, hepatic clearance of pseudomycelial phase C. albicans was more efficient. Prior immunization with heat-killed Candida albicans had no effect on the vascular clearance of either pseudomycelial phase or blastospore phase C. albicans.
2,2-Dimethyl-2-(o-nitrophenyl)acetyl (DMNA) as an assisted cleavage protecting group for amines

Abstract 2,2-Dimethyl-2-( o -nitrophenyl)acetyl group (DMNA) was explored as an assisted cleavage protecting group for amines and a one-step deprotection condition was developed for its efficient removal using hydrogenation in the presence of Pd–C or PtO 2 catalyst and 10% HOAc in MeOH. DMNA was found to be especially useful for the synthesis of gem -diamino compounds using Hofmann rearrangement.
Expression of Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin Receptor on Renal Tissue in Children with Acute Kidney Injury

Objective: To detect relationship between expression of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) on kidney and kidney lesion in children with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: Thirty-eights children with AKI who involved in the study. The patient population comprised 29 boys and 9 girls. The children with thin basement membrane nephropathy were as control in the study. The expression of EPO and EPOR on kidney in AKI children were examined by immunity histochemistry method. The renal tubulointerstitium histopathologic lesion was shown by the counting score. The correlations between EPO and EPOR expression levels and histopathologic lesion degrees in renal tubulointerstitium were studied in children with AKI. Results Thirty-eight children with AKI were divided into mild patients ( AKI 1 and AKI 2) and serious patients (AKI 3). The levels of EPO expression in AKI children kidney were (6.52±2.12)%, (3.02±0.79)%, and (1.62±0.18)% (P< 0.01), respectively, in control group, mild patients, serious patients. The levels of EPOR expression in AKI children kidney were 40.46±8.42)%, 64.78±16.38)%, 62.36±15.67)% (P< 0.01), respectively, in control group, mild patients, serious patients. There were negative correlation between EPO expression and histopathologic lesion degrees in kidney (r=-0.872, P< 0.01). There were positive correlation between EPOR expression and histopathologic lesion degrees in kidney (r=0.772, P< 0.01). Conclusion: The level of EPO secretion was decreased, but the expression of EPOR was increased in AKI children kidney, which suggested that using extraneous EPO may help to renal repair of AKI children.
Thermoelastic instability in planar solidification

Abstract A linear perturbation method is used to examine the stability of a unidirectional solidification problem in which a liquid, initially at the melting temperature, becomes solidified by heat transfer across a pressure-dependent thermal contact resistance to a plane mold. The contact pressure will be influenced by thermal distortion in response to the instantaneous temperature field in the solidified shell. The heat transfer and thermal stress problems are therefore coupled through the boundary conditions. The temperature and stress fields are assumed to consist of a unidirectional component and a small spatially-sinusoidal perturbation which can vary with time. Analysis of the thermoelastic problem for the solidified shell leads to an ordinary differential equation relating the perturbation in heat flux at the mold/casting interface and the corresponding perturbation in contact pressure. A second equation relating the same two variables is obtained by linear perturbation of the relation for heat conduction across the thermal contact resistance. These are then reduced to a single equation which is solved numerically. The results show that a small initial perturbation will grow substantially during the solidification process if the thermal contact resistance is very sensitive to pressure.
Brain antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells are sufficient to support learning behavior in mice with limited T cell repertoire.

Numerous methods of T cell depletion lead to impairment of learning and memory function in mice. While adoptive transfer of whole splenocytes rescues learning behavior impairments, the precise sub-population and antigenic specificity of the T cells mediating the rescue remains unknown. Using several transgenic mouse models in combination with adoptive transfers, we demonstrate the necessity of an antigen-specific CD4+ T cell compartment in normal spatial learning and memory, as measured by the Morris water maze (MWM). Moreover, transfer of a monoclonal T cell population reactive to the central nervous system (CNS) antigen, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), was sufficient to improve cognitive task performance in otherwise impaired OTII mice, raising the possibility that the antigen-specificity requirement of pro-cognitive T cells may be directed against CNS-derived self-antigens.
Lightning Risk Assessment tool, implementation of the IEC 62305-2 standard on lightning protection

A comprehensive implementation of the risk management methodology detailed in the IEC 62305-2:2010 (Protection against lightning, Part 2: Risk management), called the Lightning Risk Assessment (LIRA) tool, is presented. LIRA was developed to facilitate the risk assessment calculations presented in IEC 62305-2 by means of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows specifying all input parameters, in accordance with the definitions and values presented in the standard. The user has access to all the parameter values and calculation methods as detailed in the standard. This tool provides the capability to evaluate unlimited individual services in an unlimited number of zones in addition to a report generation capability that lists all input parameters and calculation results in several report formats. Furthermore, LIRA provides a direct interface to a Monte Carlo statistical tool, previously developed at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), as an additional method of evaluating the annual number of dangerous events. The Hospital case study detailed in Annex E.4 of the standard is presented and final results from LIRA are compared to those in the standard. A case study of a typical Florida household is also presented using the Monte Carlo statistical tool as the input source of the annual number of dangerous events.
Explanation of sub-barrier fusion enhancement in a coupled channels model☆

Abstract The flux transmitted through a multidimensional potential barrier is calculated in a quantum mechanical coupled channels model by adding a smooth, short-ranged absorption to the real potential. In the limit of no channel coupling the barrier transmission is identical to the one-dimensional WKB result. Recent data on sub-barrier fusion between heavy ions are explained in this framework by making use of realistic nuclear structure models for low-lying excited states.
Using Manipulation Primitives for Object Sorting in Cluttered Environments

This paper explores the idea of manipulation-aided perception and grasping in the context of sorting small objects on a cluttered tabletop. We present a robust pipeline that combines perception and manipulation to accurately sort objects by some property (e.g., color, size, shape, etc.). The pipeline uses two motion primitives to manipulate the scene in ways that help the robot to improve its perception and grasps. This results in the ability to sort cluttered object piles accurately. We also present an implementation on the PR2 robot that applies our algorithm to sort Duplo bricks by color and size, and compare our method to brick sorting without the aid of manipulation. The experimental results demonstrate the benefits of our approach, particularly in environments with a high degree of clutter.
Antecedents of Gender Harassment: An Analysis of Person and Situation Factors

Two laboratory studies examined the impact of person and situation factors in the prediction of gender harassment. Male undergraduates from a mid-sized Midwestern university in the U.S. were recruited based on an assessment of sexist attitudes. It was predicted that, across two studies, characteristics of one’s personality (sexist attitudes) and situational characteristics (sexual priming and masculine identity threat) would produce unique and interactive effects in the prediction of gender harassment, defined behaviorally as the number of sexist questions asked of women during a mock job interview, and cognitively as negative evaluations of the female interviewee. Across both studies, results support the predictions that both person and situation factors are important to understanding gender harassment.
A second-order Godunov algorithm for two-dimensional solid mechanics

The second-order Godunov method is extended to dynamic wave propagation in two-dimensional solids undergoing nonlinear finite deformation. It is shown that this explicit method is linearly stable for timesteps satisfying the standard CFL condition, does not support the development of hourglass modes, and handles non-reflecting boundaries very naturally. The computational cost is essentially one evaluation of the kinetic equation of state per cell and timestep, the same as explicit finite element methods employing reduced quadrature.
Pelvic Osteotomy in the Modern Treatment of the Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex

Abstract The role of the pelvic osteotomy at the time of bladder exstrophy closure has been better defined over the past three decades. Modern radiographic imaging provides greater insight into the pelvic bony and muscular defects encountered with these children and has forced surgeons to reconsider the importance of reconstructive efforts beyond the genitourinary tract. Surgical series from several of the world's specialist centers clearly identify the use of osteotomy as a positive predictor for overall success of the management provided to these patients. Osteotomies decrease the tension placed on the soft tissues at the time of initial closure, thereby decreasing the risk of early dehiscence or prolapse. Long-term studies have discovered benefits with respect to urinary continence and orthopedic function when efforts have been made to restore the anatomic integrity of the pelvic muscles and bones. This review summarizes the most current knowledge of anatomy in classic bladder exstrophy and suggests the indications, methods, and expected outcomes for the use of pelvic osteotomies during bladder exstrophy closure. Most of this report derives from the authors' experience with the modern staged repair of exstrophy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. However, the benefits of pelvic osteotomies at the time of closure should extend to all patients, regardless of the specific genitourinary reconstructive strategy chosen.
The normal cervical spine and its variations on plain radiography and computed tomography

To detect abnormalities of the injured bony cervical spine, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the normal cervical spine’s anatomy and its variations. It is the purpose of this article to emphasize the visual characteristics of the normal appearances in order to assist in the determination of whether the examination is normal or abnormal. Because of these visual characteristics, it is at times possible to be certain that the examination is normal solely on basis of the plain radiographs. On other occasions, because the plain radiographic appearance of normal and abnormal may overlap, further evaluation with computed tomography is necessary. Rarely, even with computed tomography, the appearance of normal, subacute injury, and acute injury may not be distinguishable.
Microdetermination of zinc by means of reagent crayons and the ring-oven technique

Abstract A sensitive and highly selective method for the rapid microdetermination of zinc by the ring-oven technique is presented. Very few cations when present in l00-fold excess interfere while anions do not interfere. The optimal range is 0.1–1.0 /smg zinc, which suggests its special applicability in air pollution investigations.