cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Singing Schubert???s praises

For nearly a quarter of a century, Johann Michael Vogl (1768–1840) was the voice of Schubert’s songs. He was the first to bring them to the stage; he made the Erlkonig his showpiece and the songs his life. According to some, he was also the last to preserve the style of singing cherished in Schubert’s day. However, Vogl not only sang Schubert’s songs in a distinctive way, he also, as it were, sang his praises using a distinctive message about the nature of Schubert’s genius. As this chapter will show, this other voice of Vogl would prove to be far less ephemeral than his musical performances. It echoes throughout the memoirs of Schubert’s friends and acquaintances and can be heard in early historical accounts of his music. It is traceable in the anecdotes of those who, after Schubert’s death, claimed to have met him but clearly had not. It can be perceived in the image of Schubert as a composer that has persisted to this day, and it continues to influence the way in which we analyze his music. Vogl’s message is best summarized by one of his own diary entries, in which he writes that Schubert’s songs are “truly divine inspirations . . . products of musical clairvoyance.” Throughout his own life and especially after Schubert’s death (as much documentary evidence indicates), Vogl was heard to have characterized Schubert’s music in this way at every opportunity. Indeed Vogl was so intimately associated with the view of Schubert as a clairvoyant genius that whenever anyone sought to address Schubert’s method of composition, they cited Vogl as their authority. For instance, as Anton Steinbuchel von Rheinwall once recalled, whenever Schubert was “absorbed and lost, one would hear Vogl’s usual remark spoken in an undertone, ‘You see the man has no idea what goes on inside him! It is an inexhaustible flood!’” Around 1850, some ten years after Vogl’s death, his wife Kunigunde reminisced that he was “always of the opinion that Schubert was in a kind of trance-like state whenever he composed.” She went on to specify that the knowledge (or wisdom) that may resound in Schubert’s music is not that which the composer himself fully possessed: she thought this explained “how, in this state of clairvoyance, the scarcely educated boy, and later the only moderately educated youth, had glimpses into the secrets of life, feeling and knowledge.” As these reminiscences show, the key aspects of Vogl’s growing story about Schubert were that the composer was a passive vessel through which divine inspiration passed and that he had little understanding of his own music.
Big storms make little storms

Magnetic storms bring auroras to low latitudes and perturb the magnetic field all over the Earth, disturbing navigational systems and sometimes even electrical power grids. They are caused by sudden changes in the currents flowing close to the Earth, particularly the ‘ring current’ that flows intermittently within the Earth's magnetosphere. It was thought that the ring current was fed by smaller magnetic disturbances called substorms. But it seems that substorms are instead earthquake-like releases of magnetic stresses, allowing the ring current to be built up by the larger-scale interplanetary magnetic field.
Automotive customer returns tilted die resolution

Usual Failure Analysis steps may not guarantee the root cause for all failure mechanism type. It is inevitable that the failure may recover after decapsulation or backside grinding for some failure mechanism. The paper aims to discuss analysis approach used in resolving tilted die failure mechanism issue resulting to package re-design eliminating further quality issue with automotive customer.
Hierarchical structure and porosity in UiO-66 polyMOFs.

The first polymer–MOF hybrid material (polyMOF) with a UiO-66 architecture is reported, prepared from polymers with varying alkyl spacers, molecular weights, and dispersities. With appropriate spacing, mesoporous UiO-66 polyMOF can be obtained having an uncommon, interlaced crystal morphology, suggesting that polyMOFs can be used to generate MOF materials with hierarchical architectures.
Historical Scholarship and Ecumenical Dialogue

I am honored to participate in this theological roundtable on the five-hundredth anniversary of the Protestant Reformation. I do so as a lay Lutheran church historian. In spite of the editors’ “prompts,” the topic reminds me of that apocryphal final exam question: “Give a history of the universe with a couple of examples.” “What do we think are the possibilities for individual and ecclesial ecumenism between Protestants and Catholics? What are the possibilities for common prayer, shared worship, preaching the gospel, church union, and dialogue with those who are religiously unaffiliated? Why should we commemorate or celebrate this anniversary?” Each “prompt” warrants a few bookshelves of response. The “Protestant Reformation” itself is multivalent. The term “Protestant” derives from the 1529 Diet of Speyer where the evangelical estates responded to the imperial mandate to enforce the Edict of Worms outlawing them. Their response, Protestatio, “testified” or “witnessed to” (pro testari) the evangelical estates’ commitment to the gospel in the face of political coercion (see Acts 5:29). It was not a protest against the Roman Catholic Church and its doctrine. Unfortunately, “Protestant” quickly became a pejorative name and then facilitated an elastic “enemies list.” “Reformation,” traditionally associated with Luther's “Ninety-Five Theses” (1517, hence the five-hundredth anniversary), also encompasses many historical and theological interpretations. Perhaps the Roundtable title reflects the effort in From Conflict to Communion: Lutheran-Catholic Common Commemoration of the Reformation in 2017 (2013) to distinguish Luther's reformational concern from the long historical Reformation (Protestantism), so that this anniversary may be both “celebrated” and self-critically “commemorated.”
“Low as your Charlotte is fallen” × 2 in Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple and Tom Wolfe’s I Am Charlotte Simmons

Over two centuries separate Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple and Tom Wolfe’s I Am Charlotte Simmons, but both novels chronicle in similar ways how two young women named Charlotte succumb to the fa...
Focus: Continuing Certification in Psychiatry

After a brief historical review emphasizing the continuity of efforts at quality assurance, the present situation is analyzed: Almost half the states have required evidence of continuing education for registering licensed physicians. Doubts about the usefulness of continuing-education courses have mounted. The ABPN is attempting to improve reliability and validity by introducing videotapes, improved preparation, orientation of examiners, etc. Possible alternatives for continuing certification, which is regarded as inevitable, are reviewed including essay questions, multiple choice, and patient management problems involving the latent-image technique, oral examinations, medical audits, therapeutic outcome evaluations, and computerbased clinical examinations.
The Evaluation and Management of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in the Emergency Department: a Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is potentially deadly and can present subtly with signs and symptoms overlapping with other clinical conditions. Delayed diagnosis can be fatal. Objective This review provides an evidence-based summary of the current data for the evaluation and management of RMSF in the emergency department. Discussion RMSF occurs through transmission of Rickettsia rickettsii by an infected tick. Exposure in the United States occurs most commonly from April to September, and high-risk locations include wooded, shrubby, or grassy areas. Approximately half of patients with infection do not recall tick exposure. Symptoms can include fever, headache, photophobia, malaise, myalgias, and a petechial rash that begins on the wrists and ankles and spreads to the trunk. Rash may not occur in ≤15% of patients, and the classic triad of fever, headache, and rash is also not definitive. Laboratory evaluation may demonstrate hyponatremia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver enzymes, and elevated coagulation tests. Antibody testing can be helpful, but these results are not typically available to the emergency clinician. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice in adults, children, and pregnant patients. Patients should be advised about prevention strategies and effective techniques for removing ticks. Conclusions RMSF is a potentially deadly disease that requires prompt recognition and management. Focused history, physical examination, and testing are important in the diagnosis of this disease. Understanding the clinical features, diagnostic tools, and proper treatment can assist emergency clinicians in the management of RMSF.
Immobilized Enzymes and Synzymes: Applications in Organic Synthesis

Enzymes as catalysts have thgee remarkable properties: enormous rate enhancing power (106–1014 times the rates of acid and base catalyzed reactions), specificity, and sensitivity to control. To exploit the first two properties has been the goal of many researchers. However, the use of enzymes for catalysis in industry has been hampered by three problems: enzyme cost, enzyme instability, and insolubility of reactants and/or products. Enzyme immobilization permits reuse of the enzyme, which lowers cost. Stability, in a limited number of cases, can be improved by immobilization. The solubility problem can be addressed by using immobilized enzymes with organic solvent/water mixtures.
Daratumumab for the treatment of AL amyloidosis

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used as treatment for immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis for over two decades with improving outcomes; however, the majority of patients are not candidates for this therapy at diagnosis. Novel agents such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 have been adopted from the multiple myeloma spheres with encouraging results. Herein, we discuss the role of daratumumab, a monoclonal antibody to CD38, in the treatment of AL amyloidosis. We focus on its mechanism of action, tolerability, and the current published data on its use in AL amyloidosis. Early data from phase I and phase II studies show that daratumumab is tolerated well in this population and induces rapid and deep responses. Phase III trials are currently accruing and we envision daratumumab becoming a key component in the treatment of AL amyloidosis in the future.
Imitation during Infancy and Early Childhood

Imitation is an efficient way for infants and young children to benefit from others' knowledge. By copying observed acts, children learn novel behaviors for interacting with their environment and they establish interactions with social partners. This article provides an introduction to the development of imitation by reviewing what components of behaviors children are able to imitate at different ages. Then, this article explains how functional and social factors regulate when children take up others' examples through imitation. Throughout, theoretical and practical examples illustrate the interdisciplinary nature of imitation research.
Replacing Pumps with Light Controlled Insulin Delivery

The aim of this review is to summarize the development of the photoactivated depot (PAD) approach for the minimally invasive and continuously variable delivery of insulin. Using an insulin PAD, we have demonstrated that we can release native, bioactive insulin into diabetic animals in response to light signals from a small external LED light source. We have further shown that this released insulin retains bioactivity and reduces blood glucose. In addition, we have designed and constructed second generation materials that have high insulin densities, with the potential for multiple day delivery. The PAD approach for insulin therapy holds promise for addressing the pressing need for continuously variable delivery methods that do not rely on pumps, and their myriad associated problems.
Neurology eConsults at Penn State Health: What, Why, and How?

eConsults provide a mechanism for specialists to provide guidance to their colleagues to allow them to manage patients in primary care settings. The patient receives access to specialist expertise, avoids the long wait time and high costs associated with an office visit, and maintains relationship continuity with the primary care physician (PCP). The PCP has dynamic access to specialist expertise and an opportunity for attainting a higher comfort level with chronic neurological care comanagement. Patient referrals for specialty care are high, while there has been projected shortage in nonprimary care specialties. The increasing prevalence of neurologic diseases associated with an aging population will likely continue to increase the demand for neurologists.
Fixed-Frequency Hybrid Conduction Mode Control for Three-Level Boost PFC Converter

Discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and critical conduction mode (CRM) have held dominant positions in low-power boost power factor correction (PFC) control. Typically, two-level DCM and CRM suffer from high peak current and variable frequency at several-hundred kilohertz, respectively. The two factors can cause secondary effects such as high electromagnetic interference, current stresses, input filter design difficulty, and switching losses. Only to take merits of DCM and CRM that are fixed frequency and lower peak current, this article utilizes three-level boost (TLB) and its three-level current-slope options. This article proposes a hybrid conduction mode (HCM) control, which adopts adaptive single-switch on -time to achieve fixed-frequency quadrangular CRM operation. At lower input voltage, low inductor current enters DCM so that TLB PFC experiences hybrid operation modes depending on varying ac input. Analyses and experiment results in this article confirm that the proposed HCM control can achieve huge reductions of switching losses and peak current stress, improving efficiency in wide-range input voltage and load at the cost of acceptable PF drop. Moreover, a simple voltage-balancing scheme is implemented to the proposed control and verified effective to resolve the inherent topology issue.
Professional practices, beliefs, and incomes of U.S. neuropsychologists: The AACN, NAN, SCN 2020 practice and “salary survey”

Objective: This portion of the 2020 survey updates practice information, beliefs, and income data of clinical neuropsychologists who practice within the United States. Methods: Doctoral-level neuro...
Design Rules, Volume 2: Chapter 6—The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 1: Mapping Functional Components

The purpose of this chapter is to build a robust and versatile language that is capable of representing the value structure of large technical systems. The language is based on elements I have labeled functional components. The language is more abstract than the language of technical recipes and task networks, thus it is capable of hiding details. However, the language also makes it possible to “trace back” from each named functional component to a technical recipe and a corresponding task network. Finally, although the language itself is non-mathematical, the value structure it reveals can be used to specify equations and prove mathematical propositions about the value of technical systems. The plan of the chapter as follows. I first explain why it is difficult to value technologies using standard economic methods based prices, quanities and probabilities. I then describe a methodology that shows how functional components are combined through technology to create a particular artifact or technical system. The methodology uses symbolic notation to clarify relationships between and among functional components. I illustrate these relationships using an ancient technology—the technology for making a garment from pieces of cloth. I go on to describe commonly observed patterns within technical systems, including optional features; composite functions; and platforms.
Early nucleolar responses differentiate mechanisms of cell death induced by oxaliplatin and cisplatin.

Recent reports provide evidence that the platinum chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin causes cell death via ribosome biogenesis stress, while cisplatin causes cell death via the DNA damage response (DDR). Underlying differences in mechanisms that might initiate disparate routes to cell death by these two broadly used platinum compounds have not yet been carefully explored. Additionally, prior studies had demonstrated that cisplatin can also inhibit ribosome biogenesis. Therefore, we sought to directly compare the initial influences of oxaliplatin and cisplatin on nucleolar processes and on the DDR. Using pulse-chase experiments, we found that at equivalent doses, oxaliplatin but not cisplatin significantly inhibited ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis by Pol I, but neither compound affected rRNA processing. Inhibition of rRNA synthesis occurred as early as 90 min after oxaliplatin treatment in A549 cells, concurrent with the initial redistribution of the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin (NPM1). We observed that the nucleolar protein fibrillarin began to redistribute by 6 h after oxaliplatin treatment and formed canonical nucleolar caps by 24 h. In cisplatin-treated cells, DNA damage, as measured by γH2AX immunofluorescence, was more extensive, whereas nucleolar organization was unaffected. Taken together, our results demonstrate that oxaliplatin causes early nucleolar disruption via inhibition of rRNA synthesis accompanied by NPM1 relocalization and subsequently causes extensive nucleolar reorganization, while cisplatin causes early DNA damage without significant nucleolar disruption. These data support a model in which, at clinically relevant doses, cisplatin kills cells via the canonical DDR, and oxaliplatin kills cells via ribosome biogenesis stress, specifically via rapid inhibition of rRNA synthesis.
A Circularly Polarized Substrate Integrated E-Plane Waveguide Horn Antenna

Substrate integrated E-plane waveguide (SIEW) is a recently invented transmission line type that is able to guide two orthogonally polarized waves, one perpendicular and one parallel to the circuit board. This is accomplished by emulating an intact vertical metallic wall using a row of copper plated through holes as well as a copper strip that passes through all the through holes at the middle height. In this letter, it is the first time the SIEW is used to design a circularly polarized (CP) horn antenna. The antenna consists of three parts, an subminiature version A (SMA)-to-SIEW adaptor that excites the vertical and horizontal polarizations with equal amplitudes, a dielectric loaded SIEW horn antenna that efficiently radiates the vertical and horizontal polarizations with similar gain values, and an SIEW section that introduces required phase difference between the two polarizations to generate a CP wave. An antenna prototype is built and measured to validate the simulated results.
Fate of Antibody-Targeted Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells after Receptor-Mediated Uptake

Nanoparticles with ultrasmall sizes (less than 10 nm) offer many advantages in biomedical applications compared to their bigger counterparts, including better intratumoral distribution, improved pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficient body clearance. When functionalized with a biocompatible coating and a target-specific antibody, ultrasmall nanoparticles represent an attractive clinical translation platform. Although there is a tremendous body of work dedicated to PK and the biological effects of various nanoparticles, little is known about the fate of different components of functionalized nanoparticles in a biological environment such as in live cells. Here, we used luminescence properties of 5 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to study the intracellular trafficking and fate of the AuNPs functionalized with an organic layer consisting of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibody. We showed that intracellular uptake of the targeted 5 nm AuNPs results in a strong two-photon luminescence (TPL) that is characterized by broad emission and very short lifetimes compared to the fluorescence of the nanoparticle-conjugated fluorophore-tagged antibody, thereby allowing selective imaging of these components using TPL and two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime microscopy (2P-FLIM). Our results indicate that the nanoparticle's coating is detached from the particle's surface inside cells, leading to formation of nanoparticle clusters with a strong TPL. Furthermore, we observed an optically resolved spatial separation of the gold core and the antibody coating of the particles inside cells. We used data from two-photon microscopy, 2P-FLIM, electron microscopy, and in vitro assays to propose a model of interactions of functionalized 5 nm AuNPs with live cells.
Streamlining cell-free protein synthesis biosensors for use in human fluids: In situ RNase inhibitor production during extract preparation

Abstract Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) biosensors provide flexible, fast, and on-demand diagnosis of biomarkers in human body fluids. Considering the high concentrations of many different RNases in human body fluids, RNase inhibitor is an important reagent for the human-body-fluid-based biosensors and accounts for more than 90% of the total cost of E. coli-lysate-based CFPS biosensors. Here an E. coli extract with RNase inhibition activity was developed which reduces the total cost of a CFPS biosensor by ~90%. Murine RNase inhibitor (m-RI) was overexpressed in E. coli cells at different growth temperatures, redox buffers, and folding chaperones. Reduced growth temperature accompanied by overexpression of GroEL/ES folding chaperones were found to be necessary to maintain RNase inhibition activity despite reduced m-RI expression capability. Further, to optimize protein synthesis capability of CFPS biosensors, E. coli extract containing m-RI was mixed with regular E. coli extract that did not contain m-RI. The optimized CFPS biosensor reagent mixture was lyophilized and rehydrated with 0–100% (v/v) of three human body fluids of saliva, serum, and urine. Rehydration with saliva showed the least drop in protein expression compared to serum and urine. Finally, the CFPS biosensor reagents were assessed with a saliva-based CFPS biosensor sensitive to glutamine concentrations.
Searching for the Best Yardstick: Cost of Quality Improvements in the U.S. Hospital Industry

The Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program is Medicare’s implementation of yardstick incentives applied to hospitals in the U.S. Under the VBP Program, 2% of all Medicare payments to hospitals, estimated to be US$1.9B in fiscal year 2021, are withheld and redistributed based on their relative performance in the quality of delivered care. We develop a dynamic equilibrium model in which hospitals are engaged in a repeated competition under yardstick incentives. Using structural estimation methods, we recover key parameters that govern hospitals’ decisions to invest in quality improvement, including the financial and non-financial costs and uncertain outcomes of investment. By dynamically solving for hospitals’ individually optimal investment policies, we estimate the trajectory of quality improvements for each hospital, including its investment decisions and quality levels throughout the implementation of the VBP Program. Our counterfactual analyses explore the benefits, on the one hand, of modifying the overall size of the yardstick incentives and, on the other hand, of implementing a more focused program tailored to hospital type. We find that increasing the size of the incentives from 2% to 4% would have resulted in an additional quality investment of US$1.2B from 2011 to 2018, leading to a 3.3% reduction in the average rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Applying yardstick incentives to the tailored hospital peer groups, even without changing the size of the incentives, can lead to an average reduction of 1.4% in the rate of CLABSI among groups of hospitals associated with the highest costs of quality investment.
Evidence of growth complementarity between agriculture and industry in developing countries

Abstract Using dynamic panel models with data for 62 developing countries, this paper examines whether growth in agriculture elicits growth in manufacturing. For identification, I use population-weighted, average temperature as an instrument for growth in agriculture, exploring exogenous variation in land yields. I find large short-run effects: a one-percentage point increase in growth in agriculture is estimated to raise growth in manufacturing by 0.47–0.56 percentage point (baseline), and 0.28–0.47 percentage point (conservative). Extensions of the empirical model suggest that growth in agriculture benefits the manufacturing sector by improving its domestic terms of trade, by increasing the share of investment and saving in GDP, and by increasing the capacity to import industrial inputs. Together, these findings lend support to the notion that agriculture plays key macroeconomic roles in the industrialization of developing countries by relieving saving, aggregate demand, fiscal, and foreign exchange constraints on the industrial sector.
Global Politics in the 21st Century

Objective, critical, optimistic, and with a global focus, this textbook combines international relations theory, history, up-to-date research, and current affairs to give students a comprehensive, unbiased understanding of international politics. It integrates theory and traditional approaches with globalization and research on such topics as terrorism, new economic superpowers, and global communications and social networking to offer unusual breadth and depth for an undergraduate course. The text is enhanced by box features and 'Close Up' sections with context and further information; 'Critical Case Studies' highlighting controversial and complex current affairs that show how the world works in practice; and questions to stimulate discussion, review key concepts, and encourage further study. Unlike any other textbook, Global Politics in the 21st Century demonstrates the significance and interconnectivity of globalization and new security challenges in the twenty-first century and illuminates the role of leadership in transnational crises.
Repetition, Visual Persistence, Visual Noise and Information Processing

I plan to discuss two somewhat different lines of research. The first concerns my work (largely with Maurice Hershenson) over the past five years with the effects of repeated, brief exposures on the growth of a percept, primarily of words and letters. We have shown that even in the absence of an increase in energy or stimulus adequacy (duration, luminance, contrast, visual angle, or print discriminability), well-spaced, repeated presentations not only enabled the subject (S) to guess the word correctly but, much more critically, each letter of the word becomes progressively clearer and more distinct. In most of this work we have not been especially concerned with the interflash interval—the time between repetitions of the same stimulus—except that all of these times are several orders of magnitude larger than the critical durations usually associated with temporal integration processes. It is obvious that successive flashes heighten the receptability of some cortical process (cell assembly or receptive field?) concerned with the registration and representation of the stimulus in such a way as to produce a percept the perceiver can be aware of, encode, store, and retrieve.
Hydrolysis of αs, 1-Casein B by Streptococcus lactis Membrane Proteinase

The membrane-associated proteinase of Streptococcus lactis strain 3 hydrolyzed αs, 1-casein B into 11 peptide fragments. Eight of the 11 peptides were purified and partially characterized. Each peptide contained several, but not all six, essential amino acids required for growth. The culture was able to utilize one peptide as the sole source for the essential amino acid leucine. Leucine, serine, valine, and glycine were found to be NH2-terminal residues. Two of the peptides were phosphopeptides. The data support the functional role of the membrane-associated proteinase as being involved in the initial breakdown of proteins to peptides.
Circulating Epithelial Cells in Patients with Pancreatic Lesions: Clinical and Pathologic Findings.

Background Circulating epithelial cell (CEC) isolation has provided diagnostic and prognostic information for a variety of cancers, previously supporting their identity as circulating tumor cells in the literature. However, we report CEC findings in patients with benign, premalignant, and malignant pancreatic lesions using a size-selective filtration device. Study Design Peripheral blood samples were drawn from patients found to have pancreatic lesions on preoperative imaging at a surgical clinic. Blood was filtered using ScreenCell devices, which were evaluated microscopically by a pancreatic cytopathologist. Pathologic data and clinical outcomes of these patients were obtained from medical records during a 1-year follow-up period. Results Nine healthy volunteers formed the control group and were found to be negative for CECs. There were 179 patients with pancreatic lesions that formed the study cohort. Circulating epithelial cells were morphologically similar in patients with a variety of pancreatic lesions. Specifically, CECs were identified in 51 of 105 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (49%), 7 of 11 neuroendocrine tumors (64%), 13 of 21 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (62%), and 6 of 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Rates of CEC identification were similar in patients with benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions (p = 0.41). In addition, CEC findings in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients were not associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions Although CECs were not identified in healthy volunteers, they were identified in patients with benign, premalignant, and malignant pancreatic lesions. The presence of CECs in patients presenting with pancreatic lesions is neither diagnostic of malignancy nor prognostic for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Teambuilding and leadership training in an internal medicine residency training program.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to describe and evaluate the impact of a 1-day retreat focused on developing leadership skills and teambuilding among postgraduate year 1 residents in an internal medicine residency. METHOD: A group of organizers, including members of the staff, the chief medical residents, administrative individuals in the residency office, and an internal organizational development consultant convened to organize an off-site retreat with activities that would provide experiential learning regarding teamwork and leadership, including a “reef survival exercise” and table discussions regarding the characteristics of ideal leaders. In addition, several energizing activities and recreational free time was provided to enhance the interaction and teamwork dimensions of the retreat. To evaluate the impact of the retreat, attendees completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires regarding their experience of the retreat. RESULTS: Attendees universally regarded the retreat as having value for them. Comparison of baseline to postretreat responses indicated that attendees felt that the retreat enhanced their abilities to be better physicians, resident supervisors, and leaders. Follow-up responses indicated significant increases in attendees’ agreement that good leaders challenge the process, make decisions based on shared visions, allow others to act, recognize individual contributions, and serve as good role models. Results on the survival exercise indicated a high frequency with which team-based decisions surpassed individual members’ decisions, highlighting the importance and value of teamwork to attendees. CONCLUSIONS: Our main findings were that: participants universally found this 1-day retreat beneficial in helping to develop teamwork and leadership skills and the experiential learning aspects of the retreat were more especially highly rated and highlighted the advantages of teamwork. In the context that this 1-day retreat was deemed useful by faculty and residents alike, further study is needed to assess the impact of this learning on actual clinical practice and the durability of these lessons.
Relation-Driven Business Process-Oriented Service Discovery

In order to discover services in business-driven Web service composition conveniently, accurately, and efficiently, this paper proposes a business process-oriented service discovery approach. In order to link business property with services, this paper proposes a business related description model of operations. Based on the business related relation model proposed in this paper, a relation-driven discovering algorithm for business process-oriented service discovery is presented. Compared with other discovering approach, the proposed discovering approach considers the business relation between operations and can solve the problem of discovering services with meaningful business relation. The experimentation shows the better performance of this algorithm.
Beer Joints and Badasses: An Aggregate-Level Assessment of Alcohol Availability and Violent Crime

This study examines the effects of alcohol availability on the level of violent crime across census tracts within the unincorporated areas of Hillsborough County, Florida. We use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques to test for the influence of the total number and the number of specific forms of liquor licenses on the level of criminal homicides, sexual assaults, aggravated assaults, and robberies per census tract while controlling for the effects of socio-demographic and economic compositional variables. We find positive relationships between the number of liquor licenses which permit the retail sale of beer (either package stores or for on-premises consumption) and the level of violent crimes. These effects were strongest for the crimes of aggravated and sexual assaults to the extent that each additional liquor establishment per census tract adds 2–3 sexual assaults per year and 8–10 aggravated assaults. Among the compositional and contextual variables, percent of households in poverty wa...
Nonlinear rooftop tuned mass damper frame for the seismic retrofit of buildings

Numerical studies of existing buildings demonstrate the effectiveness of nonlinear/inelastic rooftop tuned mass damper frames (NRTMDF) used as a retrofit for reducing seismic response. The technique utilizes a rooftop penthouse as a tuned mass damper with mass incorporated as the roof deck of the penthouse while targeted nonlinearity and energy dissipation are introduced through buckling restrained braces (BRBs) linking the penthouse mass to the structure below. The writers summarize numerical studies of ten existing buildings modified with a specifically tuned NRTMDF. The studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique that stems from elastic and transient inelastic period shifts enabled by the damper coupled with targeted energy dissipation in the penthouse BRBs. Numerical simulations using response nonlinear timehistory analysis techniques show that for many structures and sites, the NRTMDF decreases peak transient response and overall seismic demand of the original structure. The technique also reduces seismic demand on nonstructural elements and components, manifested as reductions in floor acceleration spectra. Energy methods show that the approach enables significant reductions in energy demand on the original structure through the complete earthquake acceleration history. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
"Not here": making the spaces and subjects of "global health" in Botswana.

This essay argues that what makes “global health” “global” has more to do with configurations of space and time, and the claims to expertise and moral stances these configurations make possible, than with the geographical distribution of medical experts or the universal, if also uneven, distribution of threats to health. Drawing on a study of public–private partnerships supporting Botswana’s HIV/AIDS treatment program, this essay demonstrates ethnographically the processes by which “global health” and its quintessential spaces, namely “resource-limited” or “resource-poor settings,” are constituted, reinforced, and contested in the context of medical education and medical practice in Botswana’s largest hospital. Using Silverstein’s work on orders of indexicality, I argue that the terms of “global health” are best understood as chronotopic, and demonstrate how actors orient themselves and others spatio-temporally, morally, and professionally by using or refuting those terms. I conclude by arguing that taking “global health” on its own terms obscures the powerful forces by which it becomes intelligible. At stake are the frames within which medical anthropologists understand their objects of study, as well as the potential for the spaces of “global health” intervention to expand ever outward as American medical personnel attempt to calibrate their experiences to their expectations.
What's All the Shouting About?

Not long ago it was fashionable to argue that modernization would reduce, if not eliminate, ethnic hatred. 1 Instead, nationalism appears stronger than ever, and ethnic conflict remains a major glo...
A neural theory of cognitive development

A physiologically based model of the neocortex has been developed in an attempt to elucidate possible structural and functional mechanisms of the mammalian cortex and account for a wide range of low level cognitive behavior. The model has been constrained by diverse empirical data. At the level of structural details, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data have been considered and at the level of gross behavior, psychological data has been used. From the theory that groups of reverberating neurons provide a short term memory mechanism and that primary drive reduction triggers consolidation of a memory, a mechanism for selective learning has been developed. Fundamental to the model is the postulate of a novelty drive mechanism that functions in a manner analogous to the more widely accepted primary drives (e.g. hunger and fear). This paper examines the novelty drive mechanism and demonstrates its utility in accounting for a wide range of habituation behaviors. The success of the model is evaluated by comparing its behavior to appropriate empirical data. Finally, it is argued that a computer program is both a theory and a model, and that important advantages accrue from such a viewpoint.
Theoretical studies of nuclear collision processes of deformed nuclei

Abstract A new formulation for elastic, rotational inelastic, and compound nucleus cross sections for strongly absorbed projectiles on deformed nuclei is developed. The real part of the nuclear potential is characterized by ordinary optical model parameters and the barrier at all angles on the nuclear surface is approximated by an inverted parabolic barrier. The transmission of this barrier as given by the Hill-Wheeler formula is used, avoiding radial integration of the wave equation. Alpha scattering data on samarium are fitted by the calculations, and predictions for various heavier ion reactions are presented. In particular the 40 Ar on 238 U shows a significantly lower reaction threshold due to the static deformation of uranium.
Reading the Halakhah as a religious statement: Part One

The letter forms the medium for the spirit, so the letter of the law of the Torah here stands forth as the embodiment of the religion of the law of the Torah. The Halakhah, or law, focuses on the interiority of holy Israel's life; the Aggadah, or lore, on the exteriority of Israel's relationships. How exactly the Halakhah is to be read as a religious statement is spelled out in this article. But what about Israel within? I maintain that the Halakhah embodies the extension of God's design for world order into the inner-facing relationships of [1] God and Israel, [2] Israel's inner order in its own terms, and [3] the Israelite's household viewed on its own in time and space and social circumstance. If we wish to explore the interiority of Israel in relationship with God, as a shared order, and of Israel's autonomous building block, the household, we are required to take up the norms of everyday conduct that define Israel and signify its sanctification. We commence by examining the data that reveal the governing category-formation: how precisely the Halakhah organises and systematises the Torah's facts and rules of ordinary life.
DNA cross-link induced by trans-4-hydroxynonenal.

trans-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is produced from the metabolism of membrane lipids [Benedetti et al., 1980]. It is the major peroxidation product of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo [Esterbauer et al., 1991, Burcham, 1998]. Several routes for the formation of HNE from ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been described [Lee and Blair, 2000, Schneider et al., 2001, Schneider et al., 2008]. HNE exposures modulate gene expression, cell signaling, cell proliferation, and apoptosis [Parola et al., 1999, Poli and Schaur, 2000, Nakashima et al., 2003, West et al., 2004, West and Marnett, 2005, 2006, Dwivedi et al., 2007]. Human exposures are associated with oxidative stress, and HNE has been implicated in the etiologies of Alzheimer's disease [Sayre et al., 1997], Parkinson's disease [Yoritaka et al., 1996], arteriosclerosis [Napoli et al., 1997], and hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury [Yamagami et al., 2000]. HNE induces the SOS response in Escherichia coli [Benamira and Marnett, 1992]. Chromosomal aberrations are observed upon exposures in a variety of mammalian cells [Esterbauer et al., 1990, Eckl et al., 1993, Karlhuber et al., 1997, Eckl, 2003], including human lymphocytes [Emerit et al., 1991]. HNE is mutagenic in rodent [Cajelli et al., 1987] and human cells [Hussain et al. 2000]. Mammalian genotoxicity depends upon glutathione, which is chemoprotective against the formation of HNE-DNA adducts [Chung et al., 2005, Falletti et al., 2007, Yadav et al., 2008]. Michael addition of the N2-amino group of deoxyguanosine to HNE gives diastereomeric 1,N2-dG adducts (Chart 1) [Winter et al., 1986, Douki et al., 2004, Kowalczyk et al., 2004], which have been detected in cellular DNA [Yi et al., 1997, Chung et al., 2000, Wacker et al., 2000, Wacker et al., 2001, Chung and Zhang, 2002, Liu et al., 2006b, Pan et al., 2006]. These 1,N2-dG adducts bear exocyclic rings through the bonding of guanine N1 and N2 to the HNE moiety; Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding is not possible. Chart 1 Formation of exocyclic 1,N2-dG adducts 2-5 by HNE.
An Infant With Yellow Umbilical Drainage

Question: A 2-week-old, full-term boy was seen in the clinic with a 3-day history of yellow colored drainage coming from the umbilicus. He was initially seen by his pediatrician and subsequently referred to the tertiary hospital owing to the great concern for drainage noted from the umbilicus. He presented with no recent history of fever, rash, increased fussiness, lethargy, or signs of inflammation around the umbilicus. He was feeding well and seemed appropriate for his age. He did have other congenital anomalies, including mid cleft lip and palate and malformed ears. Physical examination revealed an alert, active, and well-developed infant. He weighed 3.54 kg (30th percentile), height 49.0 cm (20th percentile), and the head circumference was 34 cm (10th percentile). Vital signs were normal. He had midline cleft lip and palate, and mid face hypoplasia. The heart, chest, extremities, skin, and neurologic examination were grossly normal. The abdomen was nontender, nondistended, and without organomegaly. There was a yellow, soft substance emerging from the umbilicus with minimal erythema and tenderness at the umbilicus. A barium enema was obtained to evaluate the intra-abdominal anatomy and the discharge from the umbilicus (Figure A). The
Relationship between American College of Radiology in-training examination scores and American Board of radiology written examination scores

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To retrospectively evaluate the association between resident performance on the American College of Radiology in-training examination and performance on the American Board of Radiology written examination. METHODS Percentile scores from the in-training examination (low score, < 20th percentile) and written board examination (low score, < 25 percentile) were collected for 58 residents in a large, university-based program during a 6-year period. Mean in-training examination scores were compared for the high score and low score written board groups. In-training examination scores were correlated with the written board scores, and odds ratios were calculated for the association between in-training examination and written board scores. Adjusted in-training examination and written board odds ratios were calculated for Alpha Omega Alpha status and prior clinical training. RESULTS The mean in-training examination scores were statistically significantly higher in the high score written board group (P = .0001). There was significant correlation between the in-training examination and the written board scores (P = .05). There was a significant association between a resident's average in-training examination score and written board score. Alpha Omega Alpha status was associated with high written board scores, and prior clinical training was associated with low written board scores (not significant). CONCLUSION The resident's average in-training examination score was a strong predictor of the written board score. The resident with a low in-training examination score is at risk for poor performance on the written board examination and may benefit from remedial training.
Francis, Norbert. Bilingual Competence and Bilingual Proficiency in Child Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012. Pp. xvi, 394. $55.00, cloth. ISBN 978–0–26201–639–1.

A review of the book "Bilingual Competence and Bilingual Proficiency in Child Development," by Norbert Francis, is presented.
Nearly optimal solution of rational linear systems of equations with symbolic lifting and numerical initialization

Abstract Hensel’s symbolic lifting is a highly effective method for the solution of a general or structured (e.g. Toeplitz or Hankel) linear system of equations with integer or rational coefficients of bounded length. It can handle ill conditioned inputs, for which numerical methods become costly. Lifting amounts to recursive multiplications by vectors of the input coefficient matrices and its precomputed inverse modulo a fixed integer s . Such multiplications only involve small numbers of data movements and arithmetic operations with bounded precision. The known methods for precomputation of the inverse are more costly, however; in particular they involve more data movements. As our remedy for this bottleneck stage we create an auxiliary matrix sharing its inverse modulo s with the input matrix, and we readily compute this inverse by applying numerical iterative refinement, which is a numerical counterpart of lifting. In the case of general unstructured as well as Toeplitz, Hankel, and other popular structured inputs our hybrid algorithms involve a small number of data movements and optimal number of Boolean (that is bitwise) operations (up to a logarithmic factor). We extend the algorithms to nearly optimal computation of polynomial greatest common divisors (gcds), least common multiples (lcms) and Pade approximations, as well as the Berlekamp–Massey reconstruction of linear recurrences. We also cover Newton’s lifting for matrix inversion, specialize it to the case of structured input, and combine it with Hensel’s to enhance the overall efficiency. Our initialization techniques work for Newton’s lifting as well. Furthermore we extend all our lifting algorithms to allow their initialization modulo powers of two, thus implementing them in the binary base.