cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Students’ Framings and Their Participation in Scientific Argumentation

Researchers studying student argumentation have begun to focus attention on students’ sense of purpose—what they see themselves as trying to accomplish. This brings the field into contact with an established body of research on framing, which studies how people form a sense of “what is it that’s going on here?” (Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). That literature depicts framing as a dynamic process that is sensitive to context, occurring within and among individuals through subtle, meta-level messages. We give a brief review of research on framing, including epistemological framing (Redish, E.F. (2004). A theoretical framework for physics education research: Modeling student thinking. In E. F. Redish & Vicentini (Eds.), Proceedings of the Enrico Fermi Summer School Course, CLVI (pp. 1–63). Bologna, Italy: Italian Physical Society.), and discuss its significance for researchers and educators interested in studying and fostering scientific argumentation in the classroom.
Tunable Riboregulator Switches for Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression.

Until recently, engineering strategies for altering gene expression have focused on transcription control using strong inducible promoters or one of several methods to knock down wasteful genes. Recently, synthetic riboregulators have been developed for translational regulation of gene expression. Here, we report a new modular synthetic riboregulator class that has the potential to finely tune protein expression and independently control the concentration of each enzyme in an engineered metabolic pathway. This development is important because the most straightforward approach to altering the flux through a particular metabolic step is to increase or decrease the concentration of the enzyme. Our design includes a cis-repressor at the 5′ end of the mRNA that forms a stem-loop helix, occluding the ribosomal binding sequence and blocking translation. A trans-expressed activating-RNA frees the ribosomal-binding sequence, which turns on translation. The overall architecture of the riboregulators is designed usi...
Symptom clusters in newly-diagnosed brain tumor patients

8587 Background: A symptom cluster is 2 or more co-occurring symptoms. Patients with brain tumors experience disease and treatment-related symptoms that impact their health-related quality of life ...
Named Entity Recognition for Chinese Social Media with Jointly Trained Embeddings

We consider the task of named entity recognition for Chinese social media. The long line of work in Chinese NER has focused on formal domains, and NER for social media has been largely restricted to English. We present a new corpus of Weibo messages annotated for both name and nominal mentions. Additionally, we evaluate three types of neural embeddings for representing Chinese text. Finally, we propose a joint training objective for the embeddings that makes use of both (NER) labeled and unlabeled raw text. Our methods yield a 9% improvement over a stateof-the-art baseline.
Action of bacteriophage on mixed strain cultures. V. Similarities among strains of lactic streptococci in commercially used cultures and use of a whey activity test for culture selection and rotation.

Certain observed instances in which bacteriophage action could not be circumvented by the rotation of cultures in the manufacture of cottage cheese suggested to the writer that the mixed strain cultures used, though different in origin, contained similar strains of lactic streptococci. Deane and Nelson (1952) made a somewhat related observation: that some bacteria-free filtrates from cultured dairy products prepared with different commercial cultures lysed the same organisms. This study was made to establish whether various commercial cultures contain bacterial strains with similar bacteriophage sensitivity patterns. A whey activity test was used experimentally for studying the selection and rotation of cultures.
The Financial Services Industry: A New World (Dis)Order? - Foreword

Introducing a symposium, this paper summarizes and comments on articles by Edward L. Rubin, Cynthia C. Lichtenstein, Sarah Jane Hughes, and Michael E. Schrader. Each article identifies and deftly explores a pressing issue within the banking and finance industry. The symposium as a whole carries a more subtle message: it recognizes two strands of tension with which regulators are, consciously or unconsciously, grappling. The first is the strain created by the desire for domestic institutions to become internationally competitive without forsaking domestic safety and soundness; the second is the often-encountered conflict between normative social goals and the perceived costs of adhering to a market philosophy.There is more to be said and done. As financial markets become increasingly global and as financial power becomes increasingly concentrated, these complex relationships will intensify. Subjecting the work of financial regulators to the kind of rigorous analysis and criticism contained in this symposium is a vital component of efforts to restore order to the United States banking and finance industry and thus plays a necessary role in establishing a more just and productive relationship between law and finance.
After you

A power struggle for one and simply an act of kindness for another. There is a thin line between good manners and manipulative behavior. "After You" is a comical play derived from that very line. Copyright held by creator.
Parenting in the face of childhood life-threatening conditions: The ordinary in the context of the extraordinary.

Objective: Uncovering what it means to be a parent during the extraordinary time of a child's life-threatening condition (LTC) is important for understanding family goals, decision making, and the work of parenting within this context. Method: Qualitative descriptive methods were employed to describe the everyday experience of parenting both children who have an LTC and their healthy siblings. Results: Some 31 parents of 28 children with an LTC who have healthy siblings participated in our study. Four themes emerged from the data that describe a parental desire to maintain emotional connection with all of their children, how parents use cues from their children to know them better and develop parenting strategies, how parents change as a result of caring for a child with an LTC, and how they strive to decrease suffering for all of their children. Significance of results: The findings of our study have implications for clinical practice, family-focused research, and health policy pertaining to families of children with life-threatening conditions.
USING TACTICAL FLIGHT LEVEL ALLOCATION TO ALLEVIATE AIRSPACE CORRIDOR CONGESTION

A novel methodology for allocating aircraft among En Route flight levels is introduced in this paper as a means to mitigate air traffic congestion and airline operating costs in airspace corridors. The methodology is represented mathematically as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and is used to reroute aircraft in a real-time simulation of traffic in the Northeast Corridor. Cumulative delay reduction and cumulative fuel burn savings are the two primary objectives used in the MILP. An objective comprised from a combination of these two primary objectives is also explored in order to establish the trade-off between minimizing the delay and performance costs. This trade-off represents the maximum cumulative operating cost savings that can be achieved. Results indicate that an average delay reduction of 8.5 minutes per aircraft can be achieved when minimizing cumulative traffic delay. In addition, an average fuel burn rate reduction of 16.47 kg/min per aircraft can be achieved when minimizing cumulative traffic fuel burn. These results translate into cost savings of $15,000 and $135.00 per aircraft, respectively. Finally, an average cost savings of $5,552.98 per aircraft can be achieved when minimizing overall airline operating costs and establishes the trade-off point between delay and performance cost savings.
Sex Pheromones of Noctuid Moths. X. The Morphology and Histology of the Female Sex Pheromone Gland of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The gland that produces the female sex pheromone of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) is an eversible sac of glandular epithelium situated dorsally in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments. Histological studies indicate that the pheronione is continuously secreted by females 1–7 days old. Dissection and chemical assay confirmed that the organ described produces the pheromone.
The Error of Our Whey

The current state of business ethics education suffers from difficulties in its attempts to bolster students’ professional ethics. The long-standing reliance on high doses of philosophy makes our educational attempts more focused on harrowing highbrow than on the necessary heuristics and practice concentrated on real-world decision-making. The article argues that we need to move students toward evidence-based understandings of business ethics. It is suggested that we focus ethics education on personal values and principles, understanding cognitive processes undermining good decision-making, practicing how to work within organizational and professional codes, and understanding how to develop the ethical organization.
I/O HSMM: Learning behavioral dynamics of a cognitive wireless network node from spectrum sensing

We introduce a generative model, dubbed I/O HSMM, for learning the bi-modal behavioral dynamics of a network of cognitive radios (CRs). Each of the two modes of the CRs is represented as a Hidden Semi-Markov model (HSMM), where the states, state durations and emissions, transition probabilities between states, and transitions between modes are uncovered based solely on RF spectrum sensing. The learning of the CR dynamics is non-parametric and derived from the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), with the switching between the two modes modeled as a latent variable that is estimated as a part of the learning process. The non-parametric model provides flexibility in handling unknown communication protocols. We evaluate the quality of learning against ground truth, and demonstrate that this approach is promising and merits extension to more complex models.
707PSAFETY AND EFFICACY OF NEOADJUVANT FOLFIRINOX IN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA (LAPC)

ABSTRACT Aim: In a retrospective study of 18 pts with unresectable (UR) or borderline resectable (BR) LAPC, neoadjuvant therapy with FOLFIRINOX with or without subsequent chemoradiation (CCRT) resulted in an R0 resection rate (RR) of 44% (Hosein et al, BMC Cancer 2012). The reported 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 83 % and the 1-year overall survival (OS) was 100 %. Toxicity profile was tolerable. In order to confirm these preliminary results, we analyzed a large cohort of pts treated in a similar fashion with mature follow-up. Methods: Between 2008 and 2013, 51 treatment-naive pts with LAPC were treated with first-line FOLFIRINOX with neoadjuvant intent. Pts were categorized as BR or UR using the NCCN criteria. Pts received FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy (at the full dose as described in the ACCORD-11 trial) until maximum response or tolerability, and then underwent surgery if their imaging suggested resectability. Pts then received CCRT if they were still UR or BR after FOLFIRINOX. The end points of this retrospective analysis were OS, PFS, R0 RR and toxicity profile. Results: A total of 429 cycles were given with a median of 8 (range 2-29); 27 (53%) went on to receive CCRT. After a median follow-up of 17 mo (range 2-56), the Kaplan-Meier median OS was 35 mo (95% CI 26-45), the 3-yr OS rate was 42% and the median PFS was 14 mo (95% CI 11 – 16). By imaging criteria, 13 (26%) were converted to resectability and 10 (4 BR and 6 UR) of these had successful R0 resections. Pts who had R0 resections had a significantly longer survival than pts who did not (3-yr OS rate 67% vs 21%, log rank p = 0.042). Grade 1&2/3&4 chemotherapy-related toxicities were neutropenia (39%/20%), neutropenic fever (0%/12%), thrombocytopenia (53%/16%), anemia (63%/10%), fatigue (76%/6%), nausea (57%/4%) vomiting (22%/4%), neuropathy (53%/4%) and diarrhea (37%/10%). Conclusions: FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiotherapy is feasible as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with unresectable LAPC. Although the resection rate was only 20%, the median OS of almost 3 years is appreciably longer than historical survival rates for this population. Prospective controlled trials testing this algorithm in LAPC are ongoing. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Evaluating work experience in the selection of dietary managers

Because there is such a low correlation between the work experience inventory and examination scores, the work experience inventory may be measuring another dimension of performance. The use of the work experience inventory in conjunction with application forms and employment tests may provide a better indicator of potential performance than any of those methods alone. This concurrent validity study, however, should be followed by predictive validity studies to determine the effectiveness of the work experience inventory in predicting job success of the dietary manager.
Feed Me Seymour: The Never-Ending Hunger of the Criminal Process for Procedural Rights and Removing Children from Its Shop of Horrors

In preparation for participation in Professor Arnold Loewy's Texas Tech University School of Law Annual Criminal Law Symposium, I was tasked with a specific query: Do (should) juveniles have more, less, the same, or different procedural rights than are accorded to adults? This Article briefly addresses the procedural rights of adults-delineating, contrasting, and comparing them to the rights of children within the modern juvenile justice process, primarily within the State of Texas. This histology of juvenile rights highlights the fundamental ongoing criminalization of our children. We must dissect the way we treat children accused of a violation of the criminal law at the very organic or cellular level. It is time to ignore the lies of the correctional monster we have created-a monster that must be continually fed with the lives of our young.
Designing a multicolor long range nanoscopic ruler for the imaging of heterogeneous tumor cells.

Tumor heterogeneity is one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment and diagnosis. A multicolor optical ruler is essential to address the heterogeneous tumor cell complexity. Driven by this need, the current article reports the design of a multicolor long range nanoscopic ruler for screening tumor heterogeneity by accurately identifying epithelial cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) simultaneously. A nanoscopic surface energy transfer (NSET) ruler has been developed using blue fluorescence polymer dots (PDs) and red fluorescence gold cluster dots (GCDs) as multicolor fluorescence donor and plasmonic gold nanoparticle (GNP) acts as an excellent acceptor. Reported experimental results demonstrated that the multicolor nanoscopic ruler's working window is above 35 nm distances, which is more than three times farther than that of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) distance limit. Theoretical modeling using Forster dipole–dipole coupling and dipole to nanoparticle surface energy transfer have been used to discuss the possible mechanism for multicolor nanoscopic ruler's long-range capability. Using RNA aptamers that are specific for the target cancer cells, experimental data demonstrate that the nanoscopic ruler can be used for screening epithelial and CSCs simultaneously from a whole blood sample with a detection capability of 10 cells per mL. Experimental data show that the nanoscopic ruler can distinguish targeted cells from non-targeted cells.
Female-Headed Households in the United States

Female-headed households are heterogeneous; individuals' experiences in these households may differ depending on various factors. Although female-headed households may include those headed by cohabiting females, single mothers, same-sex cohabiting and married females, and grandmothers, they may have permeable boundaries in that individuals often move into and out of them. Female-headed households often face unique challenges, such as poverty, conflicts in balancing work and family responsibilities, gender discrimination, social class bias, and other social stigma. Researchers may need to focus more on resilience factors that can sustain members of female-headed households. Given the likelihood that they will continue to increase in numbers, it may be important for governments to pay attention to the various needs of these households. Keywords: female roles; household; poverty; single-parent families; women and families
TriggerScope: Towards Detecting Logic Bombs in Android Applications

Android is the most popular mobile platform today, and it is also the mobile operating system that is most heavily targeted by malware. Existing static analyses are effective in detecting the presence of most malicious code and unwanted information flows. However, certain types of malice are very difficult to capture explicitly by modeling permission sets, suspicious API calls, or unwanted information flows. One important type of such malice is malicious application logic, where a program (often subtly) modifies its outputs or performs actions that violate the expectations of the user. Malicious application logic is very hard to identify without a specification of the "normal," expected functionality of the application. We refer to malicious application logic that is executed, or triggered, only under certain (often narrow) circumstances as a logic bomb. This is a powerful mechanism that is commonly employed by targeted malware, often used as part of APTs and state-sponsored attacks: in fact, in this scenario, the malware is designed to target specific victims and to only activate under certain circumstances. In this paper, we make a first step towards detecting logic bombs. In particular, we propose trigger analysis, a new static analysis technique that seeks to automatically identify triggers in Android applications. Our analysis combines symbolic execution, path predicate reconstruction and minimization, and inter-procedural control-dependency analysis to enable the precise detection and characterization of triggers, and it overcomes several limitations of existing approaches. We implemented a prototype of our analysis, called TriggerScope, and we evaluated it over a large corpus of 9,582 benign apps from the Google Play Store and a set of trigger-based malware, including the recently-discovered HackingTeam's RCSAndroid advanced malware. Our system is capable of automatically identify several interesting time-, location-, and SMS-related triggers, is affected by a low false positive rate (0.38%), and it achieves 100% detection rate on the malware set. We also show how existing approaches, specifically when tasked to detect logic bombs, are affected by either a very high false positive rate or false negative rate. Finally, we discuss the logic bombs identified by our analysis, including two previously-unknown backdoors in benign apps.
Ultrasound elastography: is there a shear wave speed cutoff for pediatric liver fibrosis and inflammation?

Abstract Objective The objective was to identify a shear wave speed (SWS) cutoff in pediatric liver disease to detect fibrosis and inflammation. Methods We performed an institutional-review-board-approved prospective study of liver SWS in 41 children undergoing liver biopsy. Results In patients without inflammation, SWS was higher when fibrosis was present compared to when fibrosis was not present (average SWS 1.8 vs. 1.4 m/s, respectively, P =.02). A SWS cutoff of 1.7 m/s had 100% positive predictive value and 24% negative predictive value for detecting fibrosis or inflammation. Conclusion Point shear wave elastography is an insufficient stand-alone screening tool for liver fibrosis and inflammation in a heterogeneous patient population.
Patterns of Infection: Unwanted Guests-Quick Visits and Extended Stays

Abstract The preceding chapters describe essential aspects of viral pathogenesis, including virus–cell interactions; viral spread within a host; and intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses. This chapter extends the theme and addresses diverse patterns of viral infections that are determined by both the virus and the host. Thus, virulence or susceptibility depends upon the specific virus–host combination. This is particularly true in the case of persistent infections, which involve a delicate balance between virus and host. We will focus first on virus virulence and host susceptibility, and then turn to the complex variables that govern persistent infections. Chapters 4–6, on innate, adaptive, and aberrant immunity, and Chapters 11–15, on systems biology approaches, also provide important insights into the patterns of infection.
C-MYC Induces KIR Expression Via a Novel Control Region Upstream of the Conventional Adult KIR Promoter.

Abstract KIR determine whether NK cells will be alloreactive against targets. Although epigenetic control is thought to play a role in KIR expression, the mechanism of KIR repertoire formation is unknown. Recently, a probabilistic transcriptional mechanism has been shown to control the acquisition of mouse Ly49 receptors using a switch region upstream of each Ly49 promoter (S. Anderson). Based on this information, the DNA upstream of known KIR genes was scanned for similar motifs to test the hypothesis that similar control mechanisms are operant in human NK cells. A putative c-myc/AML binding site was found approximately 1Kb upstream of the traditional KIR promoters. Initiation of transcription in this region was observed by RNAse protection, and spliced KIR mRNAs originating in the upstream region were cloned. To look at the effects of c-myc on KIR expression, we transduced NK92 cells using retroviral murine stem cell virus vectors containing either c-myc/eGFP or eGFP alone. Cells expressing high levels of c-myc were 18% KIR positive as compared to 0.9% of control cells. To further look at the effect of c-myc on KIR from primary cells, we transduced CD34+ progenitors isolated from umbilical cord blood with c-myc/eGFP and eGFP vectors. eGFP+ cells were plated on the murine fetal liver line AFT024 and cultured with IL-15, IL-7, IL-3, Flt3 ligand, and c-kit ligand, all known to induce NK cell differentiation. Although c-myc is an oncogene, it did not promote autonomous growth of NK cells in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Proliferation was significantly increased in single cell progenitors over-expressing c-myc with 739.3x103 NK cell progeny compared to 0.56x103 from each control cell after 21 days (p
The strategic management of technological R&D: an ideal process for the 1990s

The experiences of Battelle and numerous other companies in research and development for new product development have been remarkably similar. Four general factors important to successful R&D management have emerged: (1) a responsiveness to the needs of clients and customers, (2) regular top–down and bottom–up communication, (3) an awareness that technologies alone are not products, and (4) that non–technological factors have profound impacts on R&D. Based on these findings, the author presents an ideal R&D management process for the 1990s. It includes the roles of top management, R&D infrastructure, corporate analysts and strategists, marketeers, and the R&D staff.
Development and Training of a Neural Controller for Hind Leg Walking in a Dog Robot

Animals dynamically adapt to varying terrain and small perturbations with remarkable ease. These adaptations arise from complex interactions between the environment and biomechanical and neural components of the animal's body and nervous system. Research into mammalian locomotion has resulted in several neural and neuro-mechanical models, some of which have been tested in simulation, but few ``synthetic nervous systems'' have been implemented in physical hardware models of animal systems. One reason is that the implementation into a physical system is not straightforward. For example, it is difficult to make robotic actuators and sensors that model those in the animal. Therefore, even if the sensorimotor circuits were known in great detail, those parameters would not be applicable and it can be difficult to set parameter values in the network for the robotic model of the animal. This manuscript demonstrates an automatic method for setting parameter values in a synthetic nervous system composed of non-spiking leaky integrator neuron models. This method works by first using a model of the system to determine required motor neuron activations to produce stable walking. Parameters in the neural system are then tuned systematically such that it produces similar activations to the desired pattern based on expected sensory feedback. We demonstrate that the developed method successfully produces adaptive locomotion in the rear legs of a dog-like robot actuated by artificial muscles. Furthermore, the results support the validity of current models of mammalian locomotion. This research will serve as a basis for testing more complex locomotion controllers and for testing specific sensory pathways and biomechanical designs. Additionally, the developed method can be used to automatically adapt the neural controller for different mechanical designs such that it could be used to control different robotic systems.
Entrances, traps, and rate-controlling factors for nickel-catalyzed C-H functionalization

A detailed mechanistic investigation of N-heterocyclic carbene-nickel-catalyzed hydroarylation via C–H functionalization is described. These catalysts are complicated, in part, by undesired reactivity stemming from common olefinic ligands such as cyclooctadiene (COD) that stabilize the precatalyst. This reaction adds diversity to the overall reactive landscape by permitting multiple types of ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) steps to activate the substrate arene C–H bonds. In one case, stable π-allyl complexes can be formed via LLHT to the olefin, hindering catalysis, and in the other, LLHT to the alkyne substrate leads to productive catalysis. Here, a useful map is built from extensive computational and experimental studies to guide subsequent investigations on the productive use of Ni catalysis. In addition to showing the details of catalyst deactivation, activation, and operating regimes, this article suggests the following: 1. Reductive elimination is rate-limiting and assisted by an additiona...
Atypical small acinar proliferation at index prostate biopsy: rethinking the re-biopsy paradigm

Guidelines for atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) diagnosed on prostate biopsy recommend repeat biopsy within 3–6 months after diagnosis. We sought to discern the rate of detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on repeat biopsy and predictors associated with progression. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent prostate biopsy at our institution from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2015. Gleason grade group (GGG) system and D’Amico stratification were used to report pathology and risk stratification, respectively. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. A total of 593 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, of which 27 (4.6%) had the diagnosis of ASAP. Of these, 11 (41%) had a repeat biopsy. Median time from diagnosis to repeat biopsy was 147 days (IQR 83.5–247.0). Distribution across the GGG system on repeat biopsy was as follows: 7 (63.6%) benign, 3 (27.3%) GG1, and 1 (9.1%) GG2. ASAP was not associated with subsequent diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.064–3.247, P = 0.432). There was no association between ASAP and high cancer risk (ASAP: β = − 0.12; P = 0.204). Patients diagnosed with ASAP managed according to guideline recommendations are more likely diagnosed with benign pathology and indolent prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. These findings support prior studies suggesting refinement of guidelines in regard to the appropriateness and timeliness of repeat biopsy among patients diagnosed with ASAP.
No differences in manic-like behaviors between voluntary ethanol and water drinking in Lateral Hypothalamic Kindled (LHK) alcohol preferring rats

This study investigates phenotypic differences of manic-like behaviors during voluntary ethanol (vs. water) intake in alcohol preferring (P) rats, using the lateral hypothalamus kindled (LHK) rat mania model. Alcohol preferring (P) rats exhibited classic manic-like behaviors during kindling and the post-kindling intervals in all coded behaviors (p < 0.0001), lending further validity to the lateral hypothalamus kindled rat as a useful model to study mania. However, there was no significant phenotypic difference between alcohol and water drinking alcohol preferring (P) rats.
Preamble to Life

The conditions that were necessary for life to begin on earth are reviewed; primarily these were the prerequisite chemicals and prerequisite processes for the origin of First Cell. Once arisen, it could grow, divide, and its descendants could evolve. Although the combination of events that actually started life is only dimly understood, it is evident that a simultaneous coalition of mechanisms had to function simultaneously and in the same place for life to be “kickstarted”. In an abiotic world these must have included the numerous and fruitless formation of “informational“ macromolecues that could not carry out needed functional processes because of lack of support, but eventually there must have been a way to utilize these informational molecules to construct others.
A Novel Approach to Evaluating Mobile Smartphone Screen Time for iPhones: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings.

Background: Increasingly high levels of smartphone ownership and use pose the potential risk for addictive behaviors and negative health outcomes, particularly among younger populations. Previous methodologies to understand mobile screen time have relied on self-report surveys or ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). Self-report is subject to bias and unreliability, while EMA can be burdensome to participants. Thus, a new methodology is needed to advance the understanding of mobile screen time. Objective: The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a novel methodology to record and evaluate mobile smartphone screen time and use: battery use screenshot (BUS). Methods: The BUS approach, defined for this study as uploading a mobile phone screenshot of a specific page within a smartphone, was utilized within a Web-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 12-15 years through the survey platform Qualtrics. Participants were asked to provide a screenshot of their battery use page, a feature within an iPhone, to upload within the Web-based survey. Feasibility was assessed by smartphone ownership and response rate to the BUS upload request. Data availability was evaluated as apps per BUS, completeness of data within the screenshot, and five most used apps based on battery use percentage. Results: Among those surveyed, 26.73% (309/1156) indicated ownership of a smartphone. A total of 105 screenshots were evaluated. For data availability, screenshots contained an average of 10.2 (SD 2.0) apps per screenshot and over half (58/105, 55.2%) had complete data available. The most common apps or functions included Safari and Home and Lock Screen. Conclusions: Study findings describe the BUS as a novel approach for real-time data collection focused on iPhone screen time and use among young adolescents. Although feasibility showed some challenges in the upload capacity of young teens, data availability was generally strong across this large dataset. These data from screenshots have the potential to provide key insights into precise mobile smartphone screen use and time spent per mobile app. Future studies could explore the use of the BUS methodology on other mobile smartphones such as Android phones to correlate mobile smartphone screen time with health outcomes.
Parameter Identifiability of the Generalized Lotka-Volterra Model for Microbiome Studies

Background: Population dynamic models can be used in conjunction with time series of species abundances to infer interactions. Understanding microbial interactions is a prerequisite for numerous goals in microbiome research; predicting how populations change over time, determining how manipulations of microbiomes affect dynamics, and designing synthetic microbiomes to perform tasks are just a few examples. As such, there is great interest in adapting population dynamic theory for microbial systems. Despite the appeal, numerous hurdles exist. One hurdle is that the data commonly obtained from DNA sequencing yield estimates of relative abundances, while population dynamic models such as the generalized Lotka-Volterra model track absolute abundances or densities. It is not clear whether relative abundance data alone can be used to infer parameters of population dynamic models such as the Lotka-Volterra model. Results: We used structural identifiability analyses to determine the extent to which time series of relative abundances can be used to parameterize the generalized Lotka-Volterra model. We found that only with absolute abundance data to accompany relative abundance estimates from sequencing can all parameters be uniquely identified. However, relative abundance data alone do contain information on relative interaction strengths, which is sufficient for many studies where the goal is to estimate key interactions and their effects on dynamics. Our results also indicate that the relative interaction rates that can be estimated using relative abundance data provide ample information to estimate relative changes of absolute abundance over time. Using synthetic data for which we know the underlying structure, we found our results to be robust to modest amounts of both process and measurement error. Conclusions: Fitting the generalized Lotka-Volterra model to time-series sequencing data typically requires either assuming a constant population size or performing additional measurements to obtain absolute abundances. We have found that these assumptions are not strictly necessary because relative abundance data alone contain sufficient information to estimate relative rates of interaction, and thus to infer key drivers of microbial population dynamics.
Pathologic Difference between Sepsis and Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ failure caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Understanding the features that distinguish sepsis from bloodstream infections (and other types of infection) can help clinicians appropriately and efficiently target their diagnostic workup and therapeutic interventions, especially early in the disease course. Content: In this review, sepsis and bloodstream infections are both defined, with a focus on recent changes in the sepsis definition. The molecular and cellular pathways involved in sepsis pathogenesis are described, including cytokines, the coagulation cascade, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Laboratory tests that have been evaluated for their utility in sepsis diagnosis are discussed. Summary: Sepsis is defined not only by the presence of an infection, but also by organ dysfunction from a dysregulated host response to that infection. Numerous pathways, including proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, the coagulation cascade, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, help determine if a bloodstream infection (or any other infection) progresses to sepsis. Many biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lactic acid have been evaluated for use in sepsis diagnosis, although none are routinely recommended for that purpose in current clinical practice. While some laboratory tests can help distinguish the 2, the presence of organ dysfunction is what separates sepsis from routine infections.
Social Support Networks and Symptom Severity Among Patients with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

Patients entering an inpatient psychiatry program (N = 406) with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders reported on their social support networks (source, type) at treatment intake, and completed symptom measures at baseline and 3-, 9-, and 15-month follow-ups (77%). Longitudinal growth models found aspects of participants’ support networks were associated with specific symptoms over time. Less family support (i.e., more conflict) was the most consistent predictor of mental health and substance use outcomes and was associated with greater psychiatric, depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and drug use severity. More peer support (via mutual-help involvement) was associated with greater initial improvement in alcohol use severity. Findings suggest that to facilitate the benefits of social support for patients with a dual diagnosis returning to the community, specific components of support should be assessed and considered in the treatment plan, rather than viewing support as a general and undifferentiated factor affecting recovery.
Complex Associations between Environmental Factors and Child Growth: Novel Mixed-Methods Approach

AbstractEnvironmental risks associated with child growth are complex, and intervention effectiveness has been consistently poor. To improve effectiveness, proper intervention points inside the comp...
High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use on the Medical Floors

Background: As a follow up report on last year’s abstract, we continued to monitor and adjust our High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) use in all areas. Our previous success of HFNC use outside of the critical care areas on our medical floors resulted in decreased ICU days and decreased noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use. This study was to evaluate our continued success of appropriate HFNC use, including where to care for the patient, as well as whether we continued to decrease NIV cases. Prior to our initiation of HFNC use on the medical floors, all patients on HFNC would have gone to the ICU on NIV. Methods: We evaluated all patients on HFNC from 5/1/18-1/31/19. We looked at where HFNC was initiated, whether it was used on the medical floors or whether an ICU admission was needed. If an ICU transfer occurred, we then reviewed each case to determine if that patient required an escalation to NIV once in ICU. We stretched the limits of our current policy on HFNC on the medical floors, on a case-by-case basis, as our comfort with HFNC increased. Results: There were 99 HFNC treatments on 95 patients admitted through the Emergency Department. Fifty-one treated patients were admitted directly to the medical floor on HFNC. Two of these patients required a transfer to the ICU, where only one required NIV. Thirty-five of the 48 patients admitted directly to the ICU were managed with HFNC alone. Three of these patients transitioned to the floor on HFNC successfully, not requiring NIV. Eight of these ICU patients required escalation of respiratory support to NIV. Three patients admitted to the ICU on NIV were transitioned to HFNC successfully. Two patients were treated with NIV at night and HFNC during the day by schedule. HFNC patients treated on the medical floors were managed successfully without NIV 98% of the time. Eighty-eight of the ninety-five patients never required NIV. Forty-nine ICU admissions were avoided and many ICU days were decreased using HFNC. Conclusions: Patients requiring HFNC can be safely managed on the medical floor. This can free up ICU resources and decrease NIV use. Disclosures: Acevedo - consultant for Monaghan Medical and Sunovion.
Utilities of traditional and novel biomarkers in the management of acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by an abrupt decrease of renal function, is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms. Clinically, AKI has traditionally been defined ...
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Anterior Fracture Patterns through a Limited Ilioinguinal Approach

Acetabular fractures in the elderly continue to pose a major public health issue and a treatment challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Controversy remains regarding the role of nonoperative management, minimally invasive techniques, open reduction internal fixation, and acute total hip arthroplasty. The goals of acetabular fracture treatment in the elderly population should not be different from their younger cohorts and should include rapid mobilization and attempts to return the patient to their baseline level of function. These goals, however, can be complicated by medical comorbidities, preexisting degenerative joint disease, and poorer bone quality. This chapter reviews the current evidence with the aim of providing further guidance to aid decision-making. Irrespective of treatment choice, details including options, planning, technical tricks, etc., are outlined.
Exploring Severity Ranking of Cyber-Attacks in Modern Power Grid

Cyber-attacks have adverse effects on power grids. Although lots of studies have been performed on the impacts of cyber-attacks, but it is not understood which cyber-attack affects the power grid most. This information will be helpful in designing robust and resilient controllers for mitigating the adverse effects of cyber-attacks. This paper attempts to analyze the impact of various cyber-attacks and makes their ranking in terms of severity in a power grid. Nine types of cyber-attacks have been considered on the photovoltaic (PV) system located in a hybrid power grid consisting of wind generator, PV, synchronous generator, energy storage and loads. The severity of the attacks has been determined through a voltage-based index. Simulations have been performed by using the Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results show that the hybrid power system is deteriorated due to cyber-attacks. Also, the Denial of Service attack affects the power system most and the Packet Drop attack affects the system least.
Recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells by erythropoietin loaded particles for in situ cartilage regeneration

Abstract Cartilage injury affects millions of people throughout the world, and at this time there is no cure. While transplantation of stem cells has shown some success in the treatment of injured cartilage, such treatment is limited by limited cell sources and safety concerns. To overcome these drawbacks, a microscaffolds system was developed capable of targeting, reducing the inflammatory response and recruiting endogenous progenitor cells to cartilage-defect. Erythropoietin (EPO)-loaded-hyaluronic acid (HA) microscaffolds (HA + EPO) were fabricated and characterized. HA-microscaffolds showed good cell-compatibility and could target chondrocytes via CD44 receptors. HA + EPO was designed to slowly release EPO while recruiting progenitor cells. Finally, the ability of HA + EPO to repair cartilage-defects was assessed using a rabbit model of full-thickness cartilage-defect. Our results showed that the intra-articular administration of EPO, HA, and EPO + HA reduced the number of inflammatory cells inside the synovial-fluid, while EPO + HA had the greatest anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, among all groups, EPO + HA achieved the greatest progenitor cell recruitment and subsequent chondrogenesis. The results of this work support that, by targeting and localizing the release of growth-factors, HA + EPO can reduce inflammatory responses and promote progenitor cells responses. This new platform represents an alternative treatment to stem-cell transplantation for the treatment of cartilage injury.
Enhancing hypervelocity impact resistance of titanium substrate using Ti/SiC Metal Matrix Nanocomposite coating

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of applying a Ti/SiC Metal Matrix Nanocomposite (MMNC) coating to a Ti–6Al–4V substrate on enhancing the hypervelocity impact resistance. This coating was deposited using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique. Hypervelocity impact experiments were performed using a two-stage light gas gun, with projectile velocities ranging from 3.7 to 5.4 km/s. Uncoated Ti–6Al–4V samples were also tested for comparison. The results showed that the Ti/SiC MMNC coating enhanced the hypervelocity impact resistance of the titanium substrate by reducing both impact crater depth and diameter. Additionally, this research presented an approach for modeling the experiments using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Damage parameters obtained from the simulations were in a great agreement with experimental results. This SPH model can be used to reduce the need for extensive experimentation.
Academy addresses child health from global perspective

AAP members represented our organization well at the 25th International Congress of Pediatrics in Athens. Close to 40 of the 240 speakers and moderators at the August meeting were from the United States. It was the first Inter national Congress I'd ever attended, and I was privileged to be one of
Genetics, Genomics, and Emergent Precision Medicine 12 Years After the Equine Reference Genome Was Published.

The first equine reference genome was completed in 2007 and published in 2009. This major accomplishment has enabled equine science to advance in ways that broadly parallel the transformative impact that genomics has had on many animal species including humans. A conceptual overview of reference genomes, genome annotation, and the major implications for equine science is presented. The relationship between genomic sequencing and the accelerating application of precision P4 medicine is discussed in the context of human and equine patients. Emergent technologies built on the foundation of genomic sequencing and rapidly gaining traction in research and clinical settings are introduced.