cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Experience of Pediatric Urology Consortium in Taking Care of Children with Bladder Exstrophy: the Search for the Holy Grail

The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex is a very rare and complex spectrum of congenital anomalies. The holy grail of treatment for BEEC is volitional voiding with preservation of the upper tracts and patient satisfaction. The development of a collaboration can increase the exposure and experience for a panel of surgeons to better improve the care of babies with this anomaly, both in the surgical correction and in the pre- and post-operative care. The reported outcomes after exstrophy repair vary widely due to different approaches to closure as well as the variable outcome measures used to report experiences. While it is yet too soon to report on final continence outcomes, over the last 6 years, a collaboration between three institutions has increased by three-fold the experience for every individual under the guidance of an experienced coach. The treatment of patients with bladder exstrophy and epispadias is a complex anatomic and physiologic process that requires careful attention to a precise surgery while also focusing on the long-term growth of the bladder and keeping the upper tracts safe. This collaboration, which is predicated on a dedicated team with a focused target, has increased experience and exposure to exstrophy for all institutions.
Assessing Irritability in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Affective Reactivity Index.

Irritability is an impairing problem in children with ASD that may be associated with other behavioral and emotional concerns. The Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) is a parent-rated measure of irritability widely used in children with mood disorders, however, its utility in children with ASD remains unclear. In this study, we examined ARI parent ratings in children with ASD and contributions of parent-rated anxiety and noncompliance to irritability measured by the ARI. Participants included 81 children with ASD, aged 8–16 years. Results suggest that both anxiety and noncompliance contribute to irritability, but that anxiety only contributes to irritability in the absence of noncompliance. Further, the ARI is likely to be a useful measure of irritability in children with ASD.
FROM THE PERIPHERY: THE GENESIS OF EUGENE P. WIGNER'S APPLICATION OF GROUP THEORY TO QUANTUM MECHANICS

This paper traces the origins of Eugene Wigner's pioneering application of group theory to quantum physics to his early work in chemistry and crystallography. In the early 1920s, crystallography was the only discipline in which symmetry groups were routinely used. Wigner's early training in chemistry, and his work in crystallography with Herman Mark and Karl Weissenberg at the Kaiser Wilhelm institute for fiber research in Berlin exposed him to conceptual tools which were absent from the pedagogy available to physicists for many years to come. This both enabled and pushed him to apply the group theoretic approach to quantum physics. It took many years for the approach first introduced by Wigner in the 1920s – and whose reception by the physicists was initially problematical – to assume the pivotal place it now holds in physical theory and education. This is but one example that attests to the historic contribution made by the periphery in initiating new types of thought-perspectives and scientific careers.
When Fixed Price Meets Priority Auctions: Competing Firms with Different Pricing and Service Rules

We consider a service system with two competing firms offering service via two different pricing and service rules. With the fixed price firm, customers obtain service at a fixed price and have hom...
Constitutions and Gender Equality in Chile and Argentina

Gender equality provisions have become nearly standard in constitutional design for new democracies. How do such provisions affect the ability of women’s rights advocates to achieve social change? ...
Cytoskeleton in teleost eggs and early embryos: contributions to cytoarchitecture and motile events.

Publisher Summary Successful interaction between gametes initiates a cascade of pathways that lead to cleavage, cellular differentiation, morphogenesis, and eventual development of an adult organism. Shortly after fertilization of the teleost egg, the egg cortex undergoes a predictable sequence of structural changes in response to intracellular signals. Early transformation of the cortex includes formation of the fertilization cone and second polar body, sperm entry into the egg, cortical granule exocytosis, and surface membrane retrieval by endocytosis. Subsequently, cytoplasm moves toward the animal pole where it accumulates in preparation for cell division and cellular rearrangement. By analogy to other cell systems that show secretion, mitosis, intracellular cytoplasmic flow, and cell migration, it is predicted that similar events in eggs are mediated by action of the cytoskeleton. Most of the knowledge about the egg cytoskeleton has been obtained from analyses of sea urchin, amphibian, and mammalian eggs. By comparison, the composition, organization, and function of the egg cytoskeleton in teleost fishes have received considerably less attention. The eggs of teleost fish have long provided favorable material for the study of vertebrate development. Unlike mammalian and amphibian eggs, teleost eggs can be obtained in large numbers, are optically transparent, and are easily accessible for experimental manipulation. Furthermore, teleosts now also offer the possibility of employing genetic and molecular approaches to investigate the role of the cytoskeleton in early development. This chapter surveys the teleost egg cytoskeleton and evaluates its proposed role(s) in events of fertilization, ooplasmic segregation, and gastrulation.
Rights as Footprints: A New Metaphor for Contemporary Human Rights Practice

The call for pragmatism in human rights practice has been influential. Yet a pragmatic assessment of the costs and benefits of human rights advocacy can often overlook immeasurable qualities of identity, agency, and hope. The construction of memory – and collective memory, in particular – can play a powerful role, albeit one that is almost impossible to quantify. We use the metaphor of rights as footprints to capture the peculiar capacity of human rights to support a variety of claimants and advocates, who are otherwise separated by geography, culture, class and time. We draw on the case study of a human rights campaign first pursued by a community in Accra, Ghana, in 2003, and retold repeatedly in different times and places in the intervening seven years. The claim, involving advocacy for both the right to health and habeas corpus, called for the release of Mohammed Zakari, an elderly subsistence farmer detained in a public hospital for failure to pay for the medical treatment he had received some months earlier. The case study opens to way to a new evaluation of contemporary human rights practice. First, we show how the footprints metaphor allows us to focus on changes in expectations and understandings of rights diachronically, with particular political moments taking on a heightened significance. These moments are in the control of communities rather than formal adjudicators or lawmakers. Second, we emphasize the dynamism and impermanence of human rights practice, and yet their common narrative structure. Third, we focus on the opportunity for localized innovation and experiment, which is particularly important for the subcategory of human rights known as economic and social rights. These aspects depart from the current understanding of human rights in terms of legal precedent, international covenants, community anecdotes, or programmatic blueprints. The footprints metaphor captures the expressive and constitutive dimensions of human rights practice. This understanding cannot be instrumentalized in terms of success and failure, or wins and losses. Rather, it problematizes that assessment, with implications for both international and local human rights practice.
Ion acoustic waves in the heliosphere

Observations of ion acoustic waves in the solar wind during the first and second orbit of the Ulysses spacecraft are presented. The observations show variations of the wave activity with the heliolatitude and with the phase of the solar cycle. The interrelationships between the wave intensity and the electron heat flux and the ratio of electron to proton temperature, T e /T p , are examined.
Because God Said so: Religious Facets of Sexual and Gender Harassment in Christian Academia:

The present study explored experiences of sexism (sexual and gender harassment) in a Christian university student population. This study assessed the frequency of sexism, documented how sexism is e...
Extensor-based image interpolation

A novel image interpolation method for resolution enhancement of still images is proposed. The approach consists of a nonlinear mapping from pixel index space to color space based on the low-resolution image so that nonintegral pixel indices in a super-sampling can be mapped to colors, i.e., interpolated. This nonlinear mapping is based on an extensor transformation of 2D pixel indices to an, N-dimensional vector space that encodes the Euclidean proximity interrelationships among a neighborhood of N pixels. Experimental results indicate that extensor-based interpolation yields results that are qualitatively superior to classical bilinear and bicubic interpolation, that has important advantages in comparison to edge-directed and optimal-recovery interpolation methods, and that has comparable or lower computational cost.
Development of peptide-selected CD8 T cells in fetal thymic organ culture occurs via the conventional pathway.

Fetal thymic organ culture of TCR transgenic (Tg) tissue has been used to study issues of timing and specificity in T cell development. Because most TCR Tgs express a rearranged αβ TCR on the cell surface at an earlier stage in development than normal mice, there is a possibility that the conclusions of studies using TCR Tg cultures may not apply to normal development. In particular, in our studies of peptide-induced development of CD8 T cells, it is possible that the peptide acts on the immature double-negative cell, driving development of CD8 T cells without passing through a double-positive stage. This issue was examined by asking whether MHC class I restriction was required and by analyzing CD8β levels and endogenous TCRα chain rearrangements. We found that if nonstimulatory peptides were used in fetal thymic organ culture, CD8 T cells developed via the conventional pathway, transiting through a double-positive stage. However, we could not rule out that cells selected in the presence of stimulatory peptides (agonists) did not develop directly from double-negative precursors.
Recent Progress in Graph Pebbling

The subject of graph pebbling has seen dramatic growth recently, both in the number of publications and in the breadth of variations and applications. Here we update the reader on the many developments that have occurred since the original Survey of Graph Pebbling in 1999.
Broadband characterization of the total active reflection coefficient of multiport antennas

This paper focuses on the broadband characterization of multiport antennas, and introduces the TARC (total active reflection coefficient) method. A method for calculating the TARC is detailed for different port excitations directly from the scattering matrix of the antenna and independent of the feeding network. As an example, the cavity backed annular patch antenna (CABAPA) is analyzed as a multiport antenna and the TARC is calculated for this antenna for different polarizations. The calculated results, when compared to the measured results, show good agreement.
Endoscopic Appearance of Cancer Metastatic to the Stomach

Genetic studies help to explain the pathogenesis, natural history, and nosology of the spectrum of gastroduodenal disorders encompassed by atrophic gastritis-pernicious anemia, gastric cancer, and peptic ulcer. All these disorders aggregate within families, and twin and disease-association studies have demonstrated that this aggregation has a genetic basis. Modern genetic studies are demonstrating that each of these disorders comprises several different diseases, and that many of the biochemical, physiologic, or immunologic abnormalities in such patients have a genetic basis. Thus, family members at risk can be identified. The optimum therapy and prevention of these diseases should ultimately depend on the specific genetic predisposition of the individual patient and family, and the recognition of individual susceptibilities to specific environmental influences.
Antagonism of ethanol-reinforced behavior by the benzodiazepine inverse agonists Ro15-4513 and FG 7142: relation to sucrose reinforcement

The partial inverse benzodiazepine agonist Ro15-4513 has been shown to antagonize many of ethanol's actions, including the reduction of behavior reinforced with ethanol presentation. The studies reported here compared the effects of the Ro compound on sucrose reinforcement alone and concurrently available with ethanol reinforcement. Also, a second inverse agonist, FG 7142, was tested. The result indicated that ethanol reinforcement was more sensitive to the inverse agonists compared to sucrose reinforcement. This was seen as a graded effect upon ethanol responding at doses which failed to have any effect upon sucrose-reinforced behavior. The Ro compound was approximately three times more potent than the FG compound in suppressing ethanol-reinforced responding. Possible explanations for the greater sensitivity of ethanol reinforcement compared to sucrose reinforcement was discussed in terms of ethanol's potential actions at the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor complex.
Mathematical treatment of a stockpiling problem

If money is spent too fast while stockpiling for a contingency, production may be highly inefficient. If it is spent too slowly, there may be too little stockpile when the contingency comes. The problem of finding an optimum spending rate in one of these situations is discussed.
The role of ovarian transposition in conservation of ovarian function in radical hysterectomy followed by pelvic radiation

Radical hysterectomy is commonly used in treatment of young patients with cervical or vaginal cancer. Adjuvant radiotherapy occasionally is performed following radical hysterectomy in these patients. Nine cases of ovarian transpostion in patients undergoing radical surgery followed by pelvic radiation are reported. Dosimetric readings to the transplanted ovaries and post-treatment FSH levels will be discussed. Also reviewed are complications of ovarian transpositions done in patients who did not subsequently receive pelvic radiation. The surgical procedure of ovarian transposition is illustrated.
Flux creep and activation energies at the grain boundaries of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

We measured the ac susceptibility of sintered ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ pellets as a function of temperature and ac magnetic field amplitude and frequency. The imaginary part of the susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}'' exhibits two peaks. A narrow peak is located at the critical temperature of the grains. A broad peak at lower temperature is attributed to hysteresis losses at the grain boundaries. There is a small shift in this coupling peak to higher temperature as the frequency increases from 10 to 1000 Hz. We explain the shift in terms of Anderson flux creep on a time scale of milliseconds. The shift depends on the amplitude of the measuring field. The activation energy for flux creep ranges from 11.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 eV in the zero-field limit [0.8 A ${\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{r}}$-r1(0.01 Oe)] to 1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 eV at 800 A ${m}^{\ensuremath{-}}$1(10 Oe). We extrapolate our data to find the value for an intergrain decoupling field of 1--2 kA m-1 (13--25 Oe), above which flux creep presumably becomes flux flow at the grain boundaries.
Uncertainties in aerosol direct and indirect effects attributed to uncertainties in convective transport parameterizations

Abstract Deep convection is an important transport mechanism for aerosol particles, allowing them to be lifted to levels where they are subject to long-range transport from source regions to remote regions. The sensitivity of regional aerosol effects to the rate of entrainment in deep moist convection has been explored in a global modeling framework, and found to be crucial for the radiative balance both at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere. The fact that regions where deep convection is frequent often coincide with regions of particularly high black carbon emissions is found to be an important factor in understanding this sensitivity to entrainment. More entrainment leads to shallower convective plumes and less aerosol transport from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere in source regions. As a result, boundary layer aerosol concentrations are increased in source regions, while upper tropospheric aerosol concentrations are reduced globally. This generally leads to stronger aerosol effects in polluted regions and weaker aerosol effects in remote regions. Because black carbon particles have the ability to absorb solar radiation, reducing their concentration leads to more solar radiation reflected back to space, especially over bright surfaces. Conversely, at the surface more entrainment means more downwelling shortwave radiation everywhere but in source regions. Regions that experience increased aerosol concentrations in the boundary layer in response to increased entrainment observed a stronger aerosol indirect effect, while the opposite was true everywhere else. This study highlights that the relative strengths of the aerosol direct and indirect effects in clean versus polluted regions depend crucially on the rate of entrainment in deep convective clouds, a process that is presently not well understood and quantified.
Anomalous Suppression of the Orthorhombic Lattice Distortion in Superconducting Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 Single Crystals

High-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements reveal an unusually strong response of the lattice to superconductivity in $\mathrm{Ba}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. The orthorhombic distortion of the lattice is suppressed and, for Co doping near $x=0.063$, the orthorhombic structure evolves smoothly back to a tetragonal structure. We propose that the coupling between orthorhombicity and superconductivity is indirect and arises due to the magnetoelastic coupling, in the form of emergent nematic order, and the strong competition between magnetism and superconductivity.
Mortality study of gold miners exposed to silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals: An update with 14 more years of follow‐up

We have updated a study of 3,328 gold miners who worked underground for at least 1 year between 1940-1965 in South Dakota, extending the follow-up from 1977 to 1990. The exposures of concern were silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals. The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.36, 115 observed) when the U.S. population was used as the referent group, increasing to 1.25 (95% CI 1.03-1.51) when the county was used as the referent, and to 1.27 (1.02-1.55) for person-time with more than 30 years potential latency. However, lung cancer mortality did not show a positive exposure-response trend with estimated cumulative dust exposure. Data on smoking habits suggested that the miners smoked slightly more than the U.S. population in a 1960 cross-sectional survey. In contrast to lung cancer, other diseases known to be associated with silica exposure (tuberculosis and silicosis) were significantly increased (SMR = 3.44 and 2.61) and exhibited clear exposure-response trends. Nonmalignant renal disease, also associated with silica exposure, was elevated for those hired in early years and showed a significant positive exposure-response trend. Multiple-cause analysis revealed significant excesses of arthritis, musculoskeletal diseases (including systemic lupus and sclerosis), and skin conditions (including scleroderma and lupus), diseases of autoimmune origin which have been associated with silica exposure in other studies. Multiple cause analysis also showed a significant excess of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs.
Ct: channelling NeSL and SISAL in C++

I will discuss the design of Ct, an API for nested data parallel programming in C++. Ct uses meta-programming and functional language ideas to essentially embed a pure functional programming language in impure and unsafe languages, like C++. I will discuss the evolution of the design into functional programming ideas, how this was received in the corporate world, and how we plan to proliferate the technology in the next year.Ct is a deterministic parallel programming model integrating the nested data parallelism ideas of Blelloch and bulk synchronous processing ideas of Valiant. That is, data races are not possible in Ct. Moreover, performance in Ct is relatively predictable. At its inception, Ct was conceived as a simple library implementation behind C++ template magic. However, performance issues quickly forced us to consider some form of compilation. Using template programming was highly undesirable for this purpose as it would have been difficult and overly specific to C++ idiosyncrasies. Moreover, once compilation for performance was considered, we began to consider a language semantics that would enable powerful optimizations like calculational fusion, synchronization barrier elimination, and so on. The end result of this deliberation is an API that exposes a value-oriented, purely functional vector processing language. Additional benefits of this approach are numerous, including the important ability to co-exist within legacy threading programming models (because of the data isolation inherent in the model). We will show how the model applies to a wide range of important (at least by cycle count) applications. Ct targets both shipping multi-core architectures from Intel as well as future announced architectures.The corporate reception to this approach has (pleasantly) surprised us. In the desktop and high-performance computing space, where C, C++, Java, and Fortran are the only programming models people talk about, we have made serious inroads into advocating advanced programming language technologies. The desperate need for productive, scalable, and safe programming languages for multi-core architectures has provided an opening for functional, type-safe languages. We will discuss the struggles of multi-core manufacturers (i.e. Intel) and their software vendors that have created this opening.For Intel, Ct heralds its first serious effort to champion a technology that borrows functional programming technologies from the research community. Though it is a compromise that accommodates the pure in the impure and safe in the unsafe, this is an important opportunity to demonstrate the power of functional programming to the unconverted. We plan to share the technology selectively with partners and collaborators, and will have a fully functional and parallelizing implementation by year's end. At CUFP, we will be prepared to discuss our long term plans in detail.
CONSISTENCY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE'

The consistency of physical therapy students' grades across courses was investigated. The grades of five entry classes were examined. Not surprisingly, students performed better in some courses than others. Nevertheless, considerable internal consistency of grades was evident within each class during the semester of interest. Grades in courses may reflect a common underlying construct, that is, academic performance of physical therapy students.
High Heat Sink Jet Fuels. Part 1. Development of Potential Oxidative and Pyrolytic Additives for JP-8

It is anticipated that future jet fuels will be required to handle a thermal stress of approximately 900 °F (480 °C). Such an environment presents many challenges in providing fuels with the necessary thermal oxidative and pyrolytic stability. We report single-tube flow reactor data which suggests that addition of 100 ppm of dicyclohexylphenyl phosphine (DCP) to an air saturated JP-8, followed by stressing up to ∼675 °C, provides significant improvement in both thermal oxidative and pyrolytic stability. In addition, we present our current mechanistic understanding of how DCP might stabilize jet fuels under these extreme conditions. Finally, this work required us to reformulate the electron-transfer-initiated oxygenation (ETIO) mechanism proposed to explain the reaction of DCP with molecular oxygen.
Study of Impact of Photonic Switch Speed on Transport Networks

Impact of photonic switch speed on performance of transport networks is studied with a new variable switch speed test set. The results of the study generate the requirements for new "maintenance friendly" optical networks.
Probabilistic hindcasts and projections of the coupled climate, carbon cycle and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation system: a Bayesian fusion of century-scale observations with a simple model

How has the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) varied over the past centuries and what is the risk of an anthropogenic AMOC collapse? We report probabilistic projections of the future climate which improve on previous AMOC projection studies by (i) greatly expanding the considered observational constraints and (ii) carefully sampling the tail areas of the parameter probability distribution function (pdf). We use a Bayesian inversion to constrain a simple model of the coupled climate, carbon cycle and AMOC systems using observations to derive multicentury hindcasts and projections. Our hindcasts show considerable skill in representing the observational constraints. We show that robust AMOC risk estimates can require carefully sampling the parameter pdfs. We find a low probability of experiencing an AMOC collapse within the 21st century for a business-as-usual emissions scenario. The probability of experiencing an AMOC collapse within two centuries is 1/10. The probability of crossing a forcing threshold and triggering a future AMOC collapse (by 2300) is approximately 1/30 in the 21st century and over 1/3 in the 22nd. Given the simplicity of the model structure and uncertainty in the forcing assumptions, our analysis should be considered a proof of concept and the quantitative conclusions subject to severe caveats.
Complex colony‐level organization of the deep‐sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is directionally asymmetric and arises by the subdivision of pro‐buds

Siphonophores are free-swimming colonial hydrozoans (Cnidaria) composed of asexually produced multicellular zooids. These zooids, which are homologous to solitary animals, are functionally specialized and arranged in complex species-specific patterns. The coloniality of siphonophores provides an opportunity to study the major transitions in evolution that give rise to new levels of biological organization, but siphonophores are poorly known because they are fragile and live in the open ocean. The organization and development of the deep-sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata is described here using specimens collected with a remotely operated underwater vehicle. Each bud gives rise to a precise, directionally asymmetric sequence of zooids through a stereotypical series of subdivisions, rather than to a single zooid as in most other hydrozoans. This initial description of development in a deep-sea siphonophore provides an example of how precise colony-level organization can arise, and illustrates that the morphological complexity of cnidarians is greater than is often assumed.
Armillaria species of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, including confirmation of North American biological species XI.

Forty-eight collections of Armillaria from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State were identified to species using the conventional pairing protocol and/or a polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR) technique utilizing restriction fragment poly? morphisms (RFLPs) of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the ribosomal DNA. The PCR-based tech? nique yielded results comparable to those obtained by the conventional pairings. Several restriction pat? terns not previously reported in North American iso? lates were found using the enzyme Alu I. Collections from eight different host species were identified as A. ostoyae, A. sinapina, A. nabsnona, A. gallica, or North American biological species (NABS) XI. Ar? millaria ostoyae, A. sinapina, and A. nabsnona were the most often collected, with the first two occurring predominantly on gymnosperms and the latter most? ly on angiosperms. Armillaria gallica and NABS XI were collected rarely and only from angiosperms. This is only the second report of the occurrence of NABS XI.
Calibration, setup, and performance evaluation in an IC inspection system

Many papers on automatic inspection systems ignore the issues of calibration, setup and performance evaluation, assuming (apparently) that they merely involve `straightforward engineering.'' In reality developing effective and robust procedures and algorithms to implement these features can be a demanding process. In fact, unbeknownst to the developers or users, the performance of many inspection systems could be significantly improved through better setup and calibration routines. In this tutorial paper we discuss both theoretical and practical issues. We start by reviewing the statistical framework underlying performance evaluation. Next we examine possible sources of inspection performance degradation. Last we describe calibration, setup and performance evaluation procedures and associated image analysis algorithms for an automated IC inspection system. While these procedures are specific to a particular system, we attempt to generalize them wherever possible.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sequence comparison of two codominant RAPD markers in Brassica nigra: deletions, substitutions and microsatellites

Two RAPD fragments segregating codominantly were investigated in a F2 population of Brassica nigra. Southern hybridization of these DNA fragments to genomic B. nigra DNA digested with several endonucleases revealed similar restriction profiles. Sequencing of the two fragments disclosed 93% homology. The differences were due mainly to an internal 41 nucleotide deletion in one of the fragments. Minor deletions of one to three bases, including a microsatellite of CTT motif were also observed. In addition, base substitutions, mostly transitions were detected. These relatively small differences suggested that the two RAPD products were indeed different versions of the same sequence. The larger fragment of 1154 bp was denominated A051 whereas the shorter one, denominated A052, had 1116 bp.
Improvements in techniques for 4π counting

Abstract The use of palladium for the conductive coatings of 4 π source carriers is proposed, and advantages over gold are claimed.
Habit changes of Y3Al5O12 and Y3Ga5O12 grown from a PbO-PbF2 flux

Abstract The habit of single crystals of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 and Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 , when grown from a PbO-PbF 2 flux, is dependent on both the PbO-to-PbF 2 ratio and the Y 2 O 3 -to-Al 2 O 3 or -Ga 2 O 3 ration in the melt. Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 crystals have a pure {211} habit when grown from either a Y 2 O 3 or PbO rich melt. The crystals develop small {110} faces when grown from a Ga 2 O 3 or PbF 2 rich melt. Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystals have a pure {110} when grown from either a PbF 2 or Al 2 O 3 rich melt and develop {211} faces as well in a PbO or Y 2 O 3 rich melt. The crystals incorporate Pb (replacing Y in the lattice) when grown from PbF 2 , Al 2 O 3 or Ga 2 O 3 rich melts. It is believed that the habit variations are caused by changes in either the surface diffusion or step propagation, due to Pb contamination, that favor the development of {110} faces. In addition, the crystal habits of the mixed system Y 3 (Al, Ga) 5 O 12 were studied and found to be directly dependent on the Al 2 O 3 / Ga 2 O 3 melt ratio. This suggests that (for the melt compositions used) the tendencies for Y 3 Al 5 O 12 to have a {110} habit and for Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 to have a {211} habit are essentially the same and that the relative surface energies of the {211} and {110} faces of the solid solution crystals are dependent on the bulk composition of the crystal.
Cytological detection of the basis of uniparental inheritance of plastid DNA in Chlamydomonas moewusii

By using the fluorochrome 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to stain DNA one can follow the pattern of events affecting plastid DNA which occur in the formation and maturation of individual zygotes of the green flagellate Chlamydomonas moewusii. This species, like C. reinhardi, expresses uniparental inheritance of plastid DNA characters among zygote progeny, and is particularly favorable for cytological observation because the locale of the contribution of each gamete can still be recognized in mature zygotes. Gametes contribute equal numbers of DNA nucleoids, and amounts of plastid DNA (as measured by DAPI-DNA micro spectrofluorometry), to the zygote at fusion. Starting at nine hours, coincident with the further fusion of cell contents, plastid DNA disappears from the plastid contributed by one gamete. Further slow coalescence of nucleoids leads to a final nucleoid number per zygote approximately 1/3 of the sum of the 2 gametes.The DNA loss from one gamete plastid may require plastid contact to be initiated. Both light and nutrient availability affect the final number and distribution of plastid DNA nucleoids in the mature zygote. These observations are related to known genetic and biochemical data on uniparental inheritance of plastid characters.
Media Review: Creating a Veteran-Friendly Campus: Strategies for Transition and Success

(2010). Media Review: Creating a Veteran-Friendly Campus: Strategies for Transition and Success. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice: Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 400-403.
Microscopy environment for quantitative spatial and temporal analysis of multicellular interactions

Quantitative analysis of spatial and temporal concurrent responses of multiple markers in 3-dimensional cell cultures is hampered by the routine mode of sequential image acquisition, measurement and analysis of specific targets. A system was developed for detailed analysis of multi-dimensional, time-sequence responses and in order to relate features in novel and meaningful ways that will further our understanding of basic biology. Optical sectioning of the 3-dimensional structures is achieved with structured light illumination using the Wilson grating as described by Lanni. The automated microscopy system can image multicellular structures and track dynamic events, and is equipped for simultaneous/ sequential imaging of multiple fluorescent markers. Computer-controlled perfusion of external stimuli into the culture system allows (i) real-time observations of multiple cellular responses and (ii) automatic and intelligent adjustment of experimental parameters. This creates a feedback loop in real-time that directs desired responses in a given experiment. On-line image analysis routines provide cell-by-cell measurement results through segmentation and feature extraction (i.e. intensity, localization, etc.), and quantitation of meta-features such as dynamic responses of cells or correlations between different cells. Off-line image and data analysis is used to derive models of the processes involved, which will deepen the understanding of the basic biology.
Dynamic server power capping for enabling data center participation in power markets

Today's US power markets offer new opportunities for the energy consumers to reduce their energy costs by first promising an average consumption rate for the next hour and then by following a regulation signal broadcast by the independent system operators (ISOs), who need to match supply and demand in real time in presence of volatile and intermittent renewable energy generation. This paper leverages the power regulation capabilities of the servers so as to enable the data centers to participate in these emerging power markets. As the data center energy consumption continues to grow, proposed participation in the power markets has the promise to achieve significant monetary savings. The paper first solves a data center regulation service (RS) optimization problem to determine the optimal average power consumption and regulation quantity that minimize the energy cost. We then propose a dynamic server power capping technique to modulate the real-time power consumption in response to ISO requests while maintaining the desired quality-of-service (QoS). Experiments on a real-life server demonstrate that our technique can reduce the energy cost by 29% on average compared to using a fixed power cap.
Caveolar system of the articular chondroycte

Tangential articular chondrocytes contain a complex system of membrane invaginations called caveolae. Caveolae are about 600 A in diameter, open to the extracellular space, and may attract and sequester calcium ions. On the average each chondrocyte has approximately 17 700 caveolac. This chondrocytic caveolar system appears remarkably similar to the caveolar system of smooth muscle cells, and it is proposed that chondrocytic caveolae may contribute to an excitation-contraction coupling mechanism similar to the mechanism in smooth muscle cells.
Olefin Metathesis-Active Ruthenium Complexes Bearing a Nucleophilic Carbene Ligand

The reaction of [Cp*RuCl]4 (1; Cp* = η5-C5Me5) with the carbene ligand 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) affords a coordinatively unsaturated Cp*Ru(IMes)Cl (3) complex in 86% isolated yield. Solution calorimetric results in this system provide information concerning the electron donor properties of the carbene ligand, which are very similar to those of PCy3. Structural information from single-crystal X-ray studies for complex 3 allows the determination of steric parameters associated with this ligand. The thermochemical information is used to predict the magnitude of the enthalpic driving force behind substitution reactions involving RuCl2(C(H)Ph)(PCy3)2 (1) and the carbene ligand, IMes, affording the RuCl2(C(H)Ph)(PCy3)(IMes) (6) complex in high yield. A similar mixed carbene/phosphine ruthenium complex, RuCl2(C(H)Ph)(PPh3)(IMes), can also be isolated from RuCl2(C(H)Ph)(PPh3)2 and the IMes ligand. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study has been performed on 6. The thermal stabilit...
Solving generalized transportation problems via pure transportation problems

This paper investigates certain issues of coefficient sensitivity in generalized network problems when such problems have small gains or losses. In these instances, it might be computationally advantageous to temporarily ignore these gains or losses and solve the resultant “pure” network problem. Subsequently, the optimal solution to the pure problem could be used to derive the optimal solution to the original generalized network problem. In this paper we focus on generalized transportation problems and consider the following question: Given an optimal solution to the pure transportation problem, under what conditions will the optimal solution to the original generalized transportation problem have the same basic variables? We study special cases of the generalized transportation problem in terms of convexity with respect to a basis. For the special case when all gains or losses are identical, we show that convexity holds. We use this result to determine conditions on the magnitude of the gains or losses such that the optimal solutions to both the generalized transportation problem and the associated pure transportation problem have the same basic variables. For more general cases, we establish sufficient conditions for convexity and feasibility. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 666–685, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10034
The p, V, T behavior of dense fluids(2) III. The vapor pressure and orthobaric density of krypton

Abstract Experimental values for the vapor pressure of krypton are reported for temperatures between the boiling temperature and the critical temperature. The orthobaric densities in the same range were measured from 0.6 ϱc to 2.6 ϱc, where ϱc is the critical density. A comparison is made with the results of previous measurements.
Detection of fluorocarbon intermediates in low-pressure premixed flames by laser-induced fluorescence

Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of CF, CHF, and CF 2 is demonstrated in 10 Torr premixed methane/oxygen flames inhibited with CH 3 F, CH 2 F 2 , and CHF 3 . We discuss here the detection schemes required and present excitation spectra of CF and CHF. In these flames CF 2 is a major source of spectral interference. LIF detection of carbonyl fluoride is also investigated. Less than 10% of the F atoms in the flames studied exit the reaction zone as CF 2 O, based on comparison with low-pressure C 2 F 4 /O 2 flames.
Qualitative Study of Spirituality in a Weight Loss Program: Contribution to Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control

Abstract Objective The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how spirituality affects intrapersonal characteristics associated with a weight loss program. Design A series of 5 focus group interviews was conducted with women who were past participants of the Weigh Down Workshop, a spiritually based weight loss program. Setting Three churches in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area. Participants Focus group participants (N = 32) were white, fairly well educated, with moderate income levels. Their mean age was 50 years. Phenomena of Interest Behavior changes, factors affecting self-efficacy for performing the behaviors, and locus of control. Analysis Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcribed text was coded and analyzed using qualitative data analysis procedures. Results Major changes in self-reported eating behaviors included eating only when experiencing true physiological hunger and stopping when sensing a feeling of fullness. Self-efficacy for these behaviors was reported to be enhanced by observing weight loss for themselves or others. Support from other group members, the simplicity of the program, and spiritual benefits through prayer and scripture reading were also reported to enhance confidence. Women indicated that they relied on an internal locus of control based on a sense of self-discipline. Conclusions and Implications Traditional means to enhance self-efficacy were important for all women; however, for some women, spirituality was also an important aspect of adhering to program principles.
Loss of GABAergic Signaling by AgRP Neurons to the Parabrachial Nucleus Leads to Starvation

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus that produce AgRP, NPY, and GABA (AgRP neurons) promote feeding. Ablation of AgRP neurons in adult mice results in Fos activation in postsynaptic neurons and starvation. Loss of GABA is implicated in starvation because chronic subcutaneous delivery of bretazenil (a GABA A receptor partial agonist) suppresses Fos activation and maintains feeding during ablation of AgRP neurons. Moreover, under these conditions, direct delivery of bretazenil into the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a direct target of AgRP neurons that also relays gustatory and visceral sensory information, is sufficient to maintain feeding. Conversely, inactivation of GABA biosynthesis in the ARC or blockade of GABA A receptors in the PBN of mice promote anorexia. We suggest that activation of the PBN by AgRP neuron ablation or gastrointestinal malaise inhibits feeding. Chronic delivery of bretazenil during loss of AgRP neurons provides time to establish compensatory mechanisms that eventually allow mice to eat.
Identification of Modification Sites in Large Biomolecules by Stable Isotope Labeling and Tandem High Resolution Mass Spectrometry THE ACTIVE SITE NUCLEOPHILE OF THIAMINASE I

A widely used procedure for site localization of covalent protein modifications involves proteolysis, partial chromatographic separation of the resulting complex mixture, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify peptides whose molecular weight (M r) has been increased appropriately by the modification. As found previously for MS of small molecules, this study shows that protein fragment identification can be greatly simplified by labeling the modification with stable isotopes. Further, the high resolution capabilities of Fourier transform MS make possible the direct identification of CH3/CD3-labeled peptides without chromatographic separation. Although separate Asp-N, Lys-C, and α-chymotrypsin digests of thiaminase I (42 kDa) yielded as many as 70 peptides, FTMS identification of the labeled peptide localized the modification site of a mechanism-based inhibitor to Arg101-Lys121, Asp90-Gly122, and Gly107-Tyr119, respectively. The measured mass difference values of the two labels agreed with that expected for CH3/CD3, 3.019 Da, with a standard deviation of 0.005 Da, providing persuasive identity verification. MS/MS fragmentation narrowed the site to Pro109-Phe118 and also caused loss of the derivative with a sulfur atom, uniquely identifying Cys113 as the thiaminase I active-site nucleophile among the 379 amino acids.
Imaging Properties Of An Electronic Mammographic System

Electronic radiography is a recently developed technique in which the radiographic image on an intensifying screen or output phosphor screen of an image amplifier is intensified by a closed-circuit television system, then recorded on photographic film or on a magnetic storage medium. This technique has proven capable of recording images of quality adequate for a wide range of diagnostic examinations and procedures, but at a dose significantly lower than that of other techniques.(1) Recent advances in television technology and in radiogrqphic screen manufacture have led us to develop a high resolution electronic radiographic system for mammography. Presented in this article are measurements which have been carried out on components of the system to optimize the system for mammography.
Intestinal Absorption in Heat and Cold Acclimated Desert Woodrats

SummaryThe capacity for intestinal absorption of glucose in heat and cold-acclimated desert woodrats was studied using an in vitro method. Cold-acclimation had no effect on intestinal serosal transfer, however, heat-acclimation increased the absorptive capacity of the intestine. The alterations in serosal transport of glucose by the intestine may represent a compensatory mechanism for decreased food intake during heat-acclimation.
Acetolactate synthase mutation conferring imidazolinone-specific herbicide resistance in Amaranthus hybridus.

Summary Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants and is the target of several herbicides. ALS inhibitors have enjoyed popularity as herbicides due to numerous attributes, although their current adequacy in weed control programs is hampered by herbicide resistance. Most cases of ALS-inhibitor resistance have resulted from selection of an altered target site. The study herein reports on an alanine by threonine amino acid substitution at position 122 of ALS as the basis for imidazolinone-specific resistance in an A. hybridus population from Illinois. In vitro inhibition of enzymatic activity ( I 50 ) required 1000-fold greater concentration of imazethapyr in the resistant population compared with a susceptible control. This mutation represents the second ALS alteration associated with herbicide resistance in a natural A. hybridus population.