cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Notch signaling acts before cell division to promote asymmetric cleavage and cell fate of neural precursor cells

Asymmetric cell divisions in the central nervous system generate neurons of diverse fates. In Drosophila melanogaster, the protein Numb localizes asymmetrically to dividing neural precursor cells such that only one daughter cell inherits Numb. Numb inhibits Notch signaling in this daughter cell, resulting in a different cell fate from the Notch-induced fate in the other-Numb-negative-daughter cell. Precursor cells undergo asymmetric cytokinesis generating daughter cells of different sizes. I found that inactivation of Notch in fly embryonic neural precursor cells disrupted the asymmetric positioning of the cleavage furrow and produced daughter cells of the same size and fate. Moreover, inactivation of Notch at different times altered the degree of asymmetric Numb localization, such that earlier inactivation of Notch caused symmetric distribution of Numb and later inactivation produced incomplete asymmetric localization of Numb. The extent of asymmetrically localized Numb positively correlated with the degree of asymmetric cytokinesis and the size disparity in daughter cells. Loss of Numb or expression of constitutively active Notch led to premature specification of the precursor cells into the fate of one of the daughter cells. Thus, in addition to its role in the specification of daughter cell fate after division, Notch controls Numb localization in the precursor cells to determine the size and fate of daughter cells. Numb also inhibits Notch signaling in precursor cells to prevent Notch-induced differentiation of the precursor cell, forming an autoregulatory loop.
Quantitative Correlation of Raman Spectral Indicators in Determining Conformational Order in Alkyl Chains.

The correlation of Raman spectral indicators for the determination of alkyl chain interactions and conformational order is presented. These investigations probe the conformational order of bulk octadecane and low molecular weight polyethylene as they undergo solid/liquid phase transitions. Spectral indicators are quantitatively correlated to the I[νa(CH2)]/I[νs(CH2)], as this is the primary indicator of rotational and conformational order obtained empirically from Raman spectra. These indicators are interpreted in terms of alkane intramolecular motion, intermolecular interactions between alkyl chains, crystal structure of these solid materials, and the presence of methylene conformers. Results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to very subtle changes in alkane chain structure and conformation. These results can be used to understand molecular interactions and structure−function relationships in alkane-based materials.
Fatal tumor thrombosis due to an inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

We describe a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) who died because of relentless inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombosis due to an unsuspected leiomyosarcoma. Laboratory confirmation for APS was provided by functional identification of a lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin IgG and anti-β 2 -glycoprotein I IgM antibodies. Although sensitive for detecting vascular obstruction, radiocontrast venography and magnetic resonance imaging and angiography detected the IVC thrombosis but failed to distinguish its malignant nature. Concomitant refractory thrombocytopenia prevented further invasive diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers for progressive, severe IVC thrombosis unresponsive to aggressive treatment of APS. Deep venous thrombosis refractory to anticoagulant and immunomodulatory therapies in a patient with APS may be due to a concomitant underlying malignancy, such as a leiomyosarcoma, causing vascular obstruction.
The in vitro effects of endogenous opiates on natural killer cells, antigen-specific cytolytic T cells, and T-cell subsets

Abstract In concert with the known effects of stress on immune function, we examined a possible neurohumoral connection. The endogenous opiates β-endorphin, dynorphin, and methionine-enkephalin were assessed for their in vitro effects on human natural killer cell activity, antigen-specific cytolysis, and numbers and ratios of T cells and T-cell subsets. Preincubation with β-endorphin, an opiate released into the circulation during various stresses, caused a 50% reduction in natural killer cell activity. All endogenous opiates significantly decreased antigen-specific cytolysis. Inhibition of cytolysis in vitro was not mediated through an alteration of T-cell subsets or inhibition of T-cell soluble factors (interleukin 2). The direct effects of these opiates on cytolytic T-cell and natural killer cell function may provide a link between stress and disease susceptibility.
Sample Size Requirements for Field Permeability Measurements of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements

The permeability of coarse-graded asphalt mixtures has been of great concern in recent years. Asphalt mixes that are permeable are susceptible to a number of distresses, such as moisture damage, raveling, cracking, and binder oxidation. In this study, seven sites were mapped according to the vacuum permeameter method to determine the location and distribution of permeable voids. The variability of the sites was evaluated to determine an appropriate sample size for permeability testing. Relatively impermeable pavements were consistent; pavements with moderate or high permeability were more variable. Relationships between sample size, reliability, and testing discrimination are presented. Based on the range of standard deviations measured in this project, a minimum sample size of 10 is recommended for pavements with marginal densities or variable consistency. On the basis of the results of this study, permeability test results are highly dependent on the placement of the permeameter during testing, the effe...
Comparison of pulmonary vascular pressures based on blood volume and ventilator status.

Pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables, arterial blood gases (ABG), and blood volume (BV) were measured in 30 hypervolemic, normovolemic, and hypovolemic critically ill adults receiving physiologic levels of positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP). The measurements were taken while patients remained on the ventilator and during brief discontinuance of mechanical ventilation. The purposes of the study were to determine whether BV status could affect PAP and to quantify the effect of temporary discontinuance of ventilation on ABG. No differences were seen in PAP, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery, oxygen extraction, or oxygen consumption regardless of ventilator or BV status. Arterial oxygen tension dropped significantly, p less than .001, in less than 1 minute off ventilation and the decrease persisted for 1 hour after mechanical ventilation was resumed. These results suggest that recording PAP off the ventilator should be abandoned, as this technique contributes little to increased validity of PAP and may result in persistent hypoxemia.
Far field effects of weak spatially periodic inhomogeneities.

Small variations in the properties of an acoustic medium produce cumulative effects that significantly alter wave forms propagating over long distances. To investigate some aspects of these effects, without statistical models, the one-dimensional wave equation with a weak spatially periodic variation in the sound speed is treated. An approximation is developed valid for such weak inhomogeneities over large distances based upon the approximate treatment of a linear differential equation with a periodic coefficient. It is applied to the propagation of an initial step wave and identifies the dispersive nature of the medium which accounts for the cumulative effects.
The Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: A 50-Year Odyssey

Ever since its first delineation as a distinct clinicopathologic entity in 1957, idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) has been the subject of intense laboratory and clinical investigation. The availability of laboratory models (particularly active and passive Heymann nephritis) of this disorder has been a boon to investigators. Concepts regarding the fundamental mechanisms of immune deposit formation, a sine qua non of idiopathic MN, have evolved and now are firmly established. Circulating autoantibodies (immunoglobulin G4 and immunoglobulin G1 subclasses) interacting with antigens native to or planted in the glomerular capillary wall at the podocyte cell membrane–basement membrane interface generally are regarded as the fundamental pathobiological mechanism. Thus, MN now is regarded as a podocytopathy. The immune deposits evoke an alteration in glomerular capillary permeability, probably through complement-mediated injury of the podocyte and its slit-pore membrane; however, cell-mediated immunity also may have a role, and the physical presence of immune deposits and basement membrane alterations also may participate. The exact nature of the autoantibody systems operative in human idiopathic MN is being uncovered rapidly. It is hoped that this 50-year odyssey will culminate in real progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for the human disease.
PATHWAYS FOR THE REACTION OF THE BUTADIENE RADICAL CATION, C4H6.+, WITH ETHYLENE

The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, a [4+2] cycloaddition used to build six membered rings, is one of the most valuable cycloadditions in organic chemistry. In cases where the ene does not add to the diene (even with the help of Lewis acids which may reduce the electron density of one reactant by complexation) one electron oxidation (by an oxidizing agent or by photoinduced electron transfer (PET)) may accelerate the reaction. Reaction pathways for the addition of ethylene, 1, to butadiene radical cation, 2, involving H-shifts have been investigated at the coupled cluster UCCSD(T)/DZP//UMP2(fc)/DZP + ZPE level of theory. Activation energies are relatively low for [1,2]- (10.0 kcal mol{sup {minus}1}, TS-4/20) and [1,5]-hydrogen shifts (7.7 kcal mol{sup {minus}1}, TS-4/26) but are relatively high for [1,4]-(33.8 kcal mol{sup {minus}1}, TS-4/14) and [1,3]-H shifts (e.g., 42.2 kcal mol{sup {minus}1}, TS-12/13; 57.2 kcal mol{sup {minus}1}, TS-16/21). Several rearrangement reactions have been found to occur below the energy limit of separated 1 + 2. The cyclopentenyl cation, [C{sub 5}{sub 7}]{sup +}, 18, experimentally observed as reaction product of the butadiene radical cation, 2, and ethylene, 1, in the gas phase may origin from various reaction pathways. The following reaction sequence has been identified as the lowestmore » in energy path from 1 + 2 to 18 with all relative energies ({Delta}E{degree}) of transition structures below that of 1 + 2: (a) ethylene adds to the butadiene radical cation to form an open-chain distonic intermediate, that undergoes a [1,5]-H shift to the 1,4-hexadiene radical cation; (b) intramolecular [2+1] cycloaddition to methyl-cyclopenta-1,3-diyl intermediates, which can interconvert through a bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane radical cation; (c) [1,2]-H shift to the 3-methyl cyclopentene radical cation; (d) methyl radical loss to give cyclopenten-3-yl cation. Along this reaction pathway, {Delta}H{sup 298} is below that of 1 + 2; max. ({Delta}G{sup 298} by {minus}16.0 kcal mol{sup {minus}1}) and only transition structures low in energy ({Delta}H{sup 298} is below that of 1 + 2; max {Delta}G{sup 298{double{underscore}dagger}} = 10.4 kcal mol{sup {minus}1} for [1,5]-H shift relative to 1 + 2) are involved. Ethylene, 1, can also add to 2, simultaneously accepting a transferred hydrogen to give a 1,3-hexadiene radical cation. Back dissociation of the latter into 1 + 2 is favored over methyl radical loss.« less
β-Turn and β-Hairpin Mimicry with Tetrasubstituted Alkenes

Synthesis and conformational analysis are reported for molecules containing the trans-5-amino-3,4-dimethylpent-3-enoic acid residue (ADPA, 1). This amino acid is a glycylglycine mimic, in which the...
Cecal volvulus: a rare cause of bowel obstruction in a pediatric patient diagnosed pre-operatively by conventional imaging studies

Cecal volvulus is an acute surgical condition that is extremely rare in children, with a mortality rate of up to 40%. The clinical symptoms are often non-specific, and pediatric patients frequently have neurological deficits with associated communication difficulties, making the clinical diagnosis extremely challenging. Conventional radiographic imaging studies play a key role in the prospective diagnosis in children. We report a rare case of cecal volvulus in a 12-year-old boy who was diagnosed pre-operatively by abdominal radiographs and a contrast enema.
Scalable Many-Field Packet Classification using Multidimensional-Cutting Via Selective Bit-Concatenation

OpenFlow Switch in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has changed packet classification from standard 5-tuple to arbitrary many-field. The growing number of fields in a rule and the increasing number of rules in a ruleset poses great challenges for packet classification in terms of performance, storage, and update cost. In this paper, we design a two-stage packet classification system to address those issues by exploiting ruleset sparsity and rule fields independence. A ruleset is examined offline with proposed matrices to find representative bits from different field in a rule. We leverage those representative bits and concatenate them as sample values to divide a ruleset into several subsets in sample spaces. Each subset is given a unique address for each sample space. A ruleset update only affects those related addresses. The proposed pre-filtering stage comes out only highly related rules by intersecting candidate rules from different sample spaces for full match process. Out system throughput is 356 MPPS for 1K 15-field rules and 213 MPPS for 100K 15-field rules when using a single NVIDIA K20C GPU card.
The Synthesis, Characterization, and Testing of a Reagent for the Selective Removal of Dichromate and Perchlorate from Aqueous Solution

Abstract N-4-Vinylbenzyl-N'-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane was synthesized and tested to determine its ability to selectively precipitate anions. Fifty-one common anions were tested. The reagent reacted only with nine: dichromate, dithionate, ferricyanide, tetrafluoroborate, iodide, nitroferricyanide, perchlorate, persulfate, and picrate.
Long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up after placement of Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent: a single center experience.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up results after placement of the Palmaz-Schatz stent and angiographic follow-up results of repeat interventions for stent restenosis. From June 1990 to September 1993, the Palmaz-Schatz stent was placed in 411 patients, 427 lesions. Follow-up angiography was performed in 307 lesions at 3–6 months and in 189 lesions at 1 year. Palmaz-Schatz scent implantation resulted in 97.2% procedure success and 94.6% clinical success. Stent thrombosis was observed in 2.2%. Angiographic restenosis rate was 16.3% at 3–6 months study. At 1 year study, “new” restenosis occurred only in 2.3%. Minimal lumen diameter did not change between 6 months and 1 year (2.32 ± 0.51 mm vs 2.30 ± 0.54 mm). With the mean follow-up interval of 22 ± 9 months, cardiac event-free survival was achieved in 74.3%. Among 50 lesions with restenosis, stem restenosis occurred diffusely in 15 lesions (30%), focally inside the stent in 22 lesions (44%) and focally at the scent border in 13 lesions (26%). Repeat interventions were performed in 35 lesions. Restenosis at 3 months after repeat intervention was demonstrated in 9 (32.1%) out of 28 lesions restudied. Restenosis rate after repeat intervention for diffuse stent restenosis was significantly higher than that for focal instent restenosis (75% vs 7.7%). Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation was associated with a high initial success rate and a low late restenosis rate. Luminal renarrowing did not occur beyond 6 months up to 1 year.
Effects of initial body weight on anorexia and tolerance to fenfluramine in rats.

Abstract The initial anorexia and development of tolerance to dlfenfluramine was examined in rats with graded pretreatment body weight losses. Fenfluramine strongly attenuated food intake on the first test day in all weight groups and the magnitude of the initial anorexia did not differ between groups. The time course of anorectic tolerance was also similar in each of the groups. The results do not support a strict “set point” hypothesis according to which the tolerance to fenfluramine anorexia is an artifact of decreasing body weight and/or concurrently increasing relative food deprivation.
Phytoplankton ecology of North Carolina estuaries

Numerous phytoplankton-oriented ecological studies have been conducted since 1965 in the extensive North Carolina estuarine system. Throughout a range of geomorphological estuarine types, a basic underlying pattern of phytoplankton productivity and abundance following water temperature seasonal fluctuations was observed. Overlying this solar-driven pattern was a secondary forcing mechanism consisting of a complex interaction between meteorology and hydrology, resulting in periodic winter or early spring algal blooms and productivity pulses in the lower riverine estuaries. Wet winters caused abundant nitrate to reach the lower estuaries and stimulate the blooms, whereas dry winters resulted in low winter phytoplankton abundance and primary production. Dinoflagellates (Heterocapsa triquetra, Prorocentrum minimum, Gymnodinium spp.) and various cryptomonads dominated these cool-weather estuarine blooms. Sounds were less productive than the riverine estuaries, and were dominated by diatoms such asSkeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira spp.,Melosira spp., andNitzschia spp., as were the most saline portions of riverine estuaries. Nutrient-limitation studies found that nitrogen was the principal limiting nutrient in these estuarine systems over a range of trophic states, with phosphorus occasionally co-limiting. Freshwater and oligohaline portions of large coastal plain rivers were often subject to summer blue-green algal blooms. Formation of these blooms on a year-to-year basis was also determined by meteorology and hydrology: wet winters or springs and consequent nutrient loading, coupled with low summer flow conditions and regeneration of nutrients from the sediments. Dry winters or springs resulted in less available nutrients for subsequent summer regeneration, and high flow conditions in summer flushed out the blooms. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in reported fish kills attributed to toxic dinoflagellate blooms, particularly in nutrient-enriched estuarine areas. This issue has become a major coastal ecological and economic concern.
Microbial production of antioxidant food ingredients via metabolic engineering.

Antioxidants are biological molecules with the ability to protect vital metabolites from harmful oxidation. Due to this fascinating role, their beneficial effects on human health are of paramount importance. Traditional approaches using solvent-based extraction from food/non-food sources and chemical synthesis are often expensive, exhaustive, and detrimental to the environment. With the advent of metabolic engineering tools, the successful reconstitution of heterologous pathways in Escherichia coli and other microorganisms provides a more exciting and amenable alternative to meet the increasing demand of natural antioxidants. In this review, we elucidate the recent progress in metabolic engineering efforts for the microbial production of antioxidant food ingredients - polyphenols, carotenoids, and antioxidant vitamins.
Pattern recognition and pattern-directed inference in a program for playing go

Skilled human go play presumes the ability to recognize and make inferences from many different kinds of complex patterns. The go playing program described here deals with these various pattern recognition activities in terms of a small set of basic scanning and recognition mechanisms. All of the program's inference processes are defined with respect to these mechanisms.
A note on optimal penal codes in stochastic Bertrand supergames

Abstract Optimal penal codes are security level penal codes in a large class of stochastic Bertrand supergames.
Moving in a given year: a study in research design and data analysis.

In this paper the distribution of the times between moves or equivalently the relationship between duration of residence and the probability of moving [is examined]. Complete information on residence histories contained in the Population Register of Norway for the period 1965-1971 has been used to generate two data sets: the ideal data set and the duration of residence at a specific point in time. The relationship between the probability of moving in a given year and stochastic models of mobility histories is then discussed. "In the subsequent section the feasibility of using the probability of moving in a given year as measured by cross-sectional survey techniques in lieu of complete residence histories as contained in population registers is evaluated. It could be demonstrated that cross-sectional data is sufficient for many purposes." In conclusion "some comments are made regarding methodological problems arising out of the use of sparse tabular data which is typical in socio-demographic studies where highly disaggregated projections are required." (EXCERPT)
Usefulness of placement of intraoperative epicardial wires during automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion to preclude the need for transvenous catheters at the predischarge electrophysiology study.

Abstract The management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death has changed remarkably since the advent of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD). 1–6 In patients undergoing implantation of the AICD, postoperative testing is used to judge the efficacy of the device. In the past, the predischarge study has required placement of transvenous pacing catheters in order to induce clinical arrhythmias. We evaluated the reliability of induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the postoperative period using temporary epicardial pacing wires placed during AICD implatation.
Critical use of video-imaging to rationalize computer sintering simulation models

Sintering, a thermally activated diffusion process, is used to densify particulate materials. During the densification process, there is concomitant volumetric shrinkage of the powder compact to the final desired part shape. Additionally, shear deformation can occur in response to deviatoric stresses in the body, such as gravity, thermal stresses, and stress gradients due to internal density differences. Finite element modeling of sintering deformation can greatly aid in reverse engineering green part shapes, thus improving dimensional precision of final parts. However, the constitutive equations that govern the rheological response of a porous body during sintering are notoriously difficult to characterize. In situ video-imaging of a simply supported beam, deforming under its own weight during sintering, has been effectively employed in determining the apparent viscosity of the densifying material. This paper describes this experimental technique and the implementation of the results in a finite element analysis. It demonstrates the efficacy of the characterized constitutive equations by a finite element simulation example using 316L stainless steel with 0.2% boron addition.
Decreased Thyroidal Response to Thyrotropin in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract The responses to TRH and bovine TSH (bTSH) were compared in 19 men with uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus and eight healthy control subjects. Baseline serum TSH, T 3 and T 4 were similar in both groups and the rise of serum TSH, T 3 and T 4 following the intravenous (IV) administration of TRH (500 μg) was not significantly different. Diabetic subjects showed a blunted response to the subcutaneous (sc) administration of bTSH (5 U) when their maximal serum T 3 and T 4 values were compared with controls (T 4 , 9.4 ± 0.3 v 12.3 ± 1.1 μ g/dL, P 3 , 185 ± 9 v 233 ± 17 ng/dL, P v control). When the response to bTSH was examined in seven patients after 4 to 5 days of strict glycemic control, the maximal T 3 response was found to increase in six, and the maximal T 4 response in five. These data show that the thyroidal secretory response to large doses of TSH is decreased in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and that strict glycemic control frequently improves the response.
Silver nanodesert rose as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Silver galvanic displacement on silicon has been employed to produce large-area reproducible substrates, with morphology similar to that of the natural desert rose but on the micrometer scale. The process is based on an extremely simple wet chemistry approach using only AgF and KF, as silver and fluoride sources. A key element is the absence of HF in the deposition solution, which has been commonly used in previous silver galvanic displacement processes. The new process affords a higher degree of control in the redox reaction than those reported previously. The structures formed in this manner possess a large area-to-volume ratio with a high density of rough silver flakes uniformly distributed across the substrate. The silver morphology on the nanometer scale is shown to provide an excellent platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), yielding detection levels for trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 4-mercaptopyridine, and Rhodamine 6G in solution down to ppb, ppt, and ppq limits, respectively....
A fluorometric method for the enzymic determination of glycolytic intermediates

A fluorometric method has been described that allows the microdetermination of glycolytic intermediates in extracts from tissues or celis. The method utilizes commercially available crystalline enzymes of glycolysis coupled finally to a pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenase so that the time course of the reaction is automatically recorded. Illustrations have been presented showing the applicability of the method to the quantitative assay of intermediates down to a fraction of a micromolar range of concentration in the assay system.
Inadvertent Trypan Blue Posterior Capsule Staining During Cataract Surgery

Purpose To report 5 cases of inadvertent posterior capsule staining with trypan blue during phacoemulsification. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods Five cases of posterior capsule staining with trypan blue were identified from cataract surgeries performed at an academic institution. All 5 eyes underwent phacoemulsification with use of iris retractors. The surgical videos from each case were reviewed to better understand the mechanisms and risk factors for posterior capsule staining with trypan blue and techniques to avoid this complication. Results No eyes had clinical evidence of zonular pathology during their preoperative examination. Only 1 patient reported a possible childhood history of trauma to both eyes. One eye had uveitis, requiring posterior synechialysis. All 5 cases involved the use of iris retractors. No other intraoperative complications occurred, and the intraocular lens was successfully placed in the capsular bag in all cases. All eyes had resolution of posterior capsule staining by postoperative day 8. Conclusions Inadvertent posterior capsule staining with trypan blue can occur in eyes that appear structurally normal. The use of iris retractors may facilitate posterior capsule staining by allowing the posterior flow of trypan blue under the iris and through the zonules to the posterior capsule. Surgeons should consider techniques to minimize the risk of posterior capsule staining, particularly in cases involving the use of iris retractors.
Measurements of Electromagnetic Radiation from Automotive Ignition Systems

This paper reports a set of measurements of automotiveingnition-system electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The measurements were obtained in terms of external antenna noise figure and voltage deviation. A variety of vehicle EMR sources were studied at 4 relatively widely separated frequencies. Two independent measurement methods were used, each involving a separate statistical signal-processing procedure. The results of these two measurements compared quite favorably. These measurements provide data in support of an earlier paper in which a model is presented for assessing the statistical significance of the inteference of EMR sources. That model calls upon a widely respected data base for man-made interference which is published by the Institute of Telecommunication Science of the National Bureau of Standards.
The Beauty of the Lilies: Femininity, Innocence, and the Sweet Gospel of Uldine Utley

In the 1920s, a child evangelist by the name of Uldine Utley toured the United States, attracting large crowds and captivating the press. She enjoyed the support of ministers from a wide variety of denominations, though her most ardent proponent was the famous fundamentalist preacher John Roach Straton. In many ways, Utley9s success seems to counter existing narratives of early-twentieth-century religious history. Her revivalist ministry developed in an era that saw the decline of revivalism, and she rose to prominence during the height of the fundamentalist-modernist controversy. Claiming to adhere to biblical ““literalism,”” she nonetheless affirmed the appropriateness of female preaching. And, in the wake of efforts to masculinize American Protestantism and rediscover a ””muscular““ Christianity, Utley was known and celebrated for her femininity and beauty. Utley9s femininity was, in fact, central to her appeal. She preached a ““sweet and kindly gospel”” and fashioned an elaborate feminine persona. Her diminutive size, her blond hair and blue eyes, and her white attire seemed to give her an ““angelic”” appearance, and her persistent association with flowers, both allegorical and real, further contributed to her aura of femininity. In the context of shifting gender arrangements and changing constructions of sexuality and morality in early-twentieth-century America, Utley9s femininity and innocence provided a soothing alternative to the uncertain times. But the model of femininity Utley displayed was fraught with ambivalence and proved difficult to maintain as she matured from child to young woman. In addition to illuminating a frequently overlooked strand of conservative Protestantism during this time, attention to Utley9s life and ministry also reveals a powerful yet ambivalent script that remains available to modern Protestant women to this day.
A network model for gene regulation

Advances in microarray technology have resulted in an exponential rise in gene expression data. Partially as a result of this, full genome sequences have been reported for many organisms. In addition several methods have been developed (a) for assigning functionality to previously unknown genes and (b) for measuring the output (i.e. gene expression) of the gene regulatory network. The knowledge of the gene regulatory network further gives insights about gene pathways. This information leads to many potential applications in medicine and molecular biology, examples of which are identification of metabolic pathways, complex genetic diseases, drug discovery and toxicology analysis. Also, gene regulatory networks allow comparison of expression patterns of many uncharacterized genes; this comparison provides clues to gene function. A variety of models (such as neural networks, Boolean networks, and Bayesian) have been proposed in recent times. Although each of these models have individual strengths, none of them addresses important issues such as time delay, or make use of available biological information. In the work presented here we demonstrate that networks can efficiently model natural biological processes, specifically gene regulatory systems. Through the modeling approach, we have inferred gene regulatory networks using a time course data set for (a) lambda bacteriophage infection, (b) osteoblast study, and (c) rat central nervous system (CNS) development. The results compare favorably with experimental results from the literature.
SOME DOUBLY STOCHASTIC TIME SERIES MODELS

Abstract. We consider time series models obtained by replacing the parameters of autoregressive models by stochastic processes. Special attention is given to the problem of finding conditions for stationarity and to the problem of forecasting. For the first problem we are only able to obtain solutions in special cases, and the emphasis is on techniques rather than obtaining the most general results in each case. For the second problem more complete results are obtained by exploiting similarities with discrete time (nonlinear) filtering theory. The methods introduced are illustrated on two standard examples, one of state space type and one where the parameter process is a Markov chain.
Plasma LL-37 correlates with vitamin D and is reduced in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected individuals not receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Low levels of the vitamin D-regulated antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37) may negatively impact the immune status of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals (HIV+). We compared plasma LL-37 levels in healthy controls (HIV−) and HIV+ individuals on or off antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) (ART+ and ART−, respectively), and evaluated the relationship between vitamin D and LL-37 levels. In this cross-sectional study, levels of LL-37, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] were measured from an initial cohort of 18 healthy controls and 10 HIV+/ART− individuals. Because this cohort lacked HIV+/ART+ subjects, LL-37 was also quantified from a second cohort of 10 HIV+/ART− and 13 HIV+/ART+ individuals. LL-37 levels were significantly lower in the HIV+/ART− group compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.01). A direct relationship was observed between LL-37 and both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. The level of 25(OH)D3 was predictive of higher LL-37 (P = 0.04) and for any given level of 25(OH)D3, HIV+/ART− subjects averaged 20 % lower LL-37 compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.045). For any given level of 1,25(OH)2D3, HIV+/ART− subjects averaged 25 % lower LL-37 compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.018), although 1,25(OH)2D3 was not predictive of higher LL-37 (P = 0.28). Finally, LL-37 levels were significantly lower in the HIV+/ART− group compared to the HIV+/ART+ group from the second cohort (P = 0.045). Untreated HIV infection may contribute to lower LL-37 levels, independent of vitamin D levels. ART treatment may potentially mitigate this decrease in LL-37 levels.
On the Facular Area Surrounding Decaying Sunspots

The change in facular area around decaying sunspots is investigated. The data are from full-disk photometric images from CFDT1 (5 arc sec pixels) obtained at the Ca ii K-line λ = 393.4 nm. The 31 active regions are from a list previously used to study the decay rate of sunspots. We find a weak, marginally significant relation between spot decay rate and growth of the surrounding facular region (r2 = 0.1255). We conclude that, for this group of decaying sunspots, the growth or decay of the surrounding facular region was not clearly related to the decay rate of an active region’s sunspots.
Microstructural evolution of diamond growth on iron silicide/silicon substrates by hot filament chemical vapor deposition

Abstract During hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), the presence of iron silicide on the surface of silicon substrates was found to enhance diamond nucleation density. Specimens were prepared by laser ablating iron onto the substrate, followed by isothermal annealing at 700°C. A high resolution transmission electron microscope showed that an amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer about 8–10 nm thick formed on the iron silicide phase during HFCVD. The DLC layer locally recrystallized which created a nucleation site for the subsequent growth of diamond. DLC will be a precursor layer for diamond growth.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Temporally associated with the improvement in vitamin D nutrition in many Western countries in the mid-20th century, there was a change in many characteristics of primary hyperparathyroidism. Osteitis fibrosa cystica became a rare manifestation of what is now frequently an asymptomatic disease. At the same time, in patients with the disease, levels of PTH and parathyroid adenoma weights have fallen dramatically. In view of these observations and others, an association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of primary hyperparathyroidism has been proposed. Data support an association on two distinct levels. First, regardless of the clinical severity of primary hyperparathyroidism, the disease seems to be more severe in those with concomitant vitamin D deficiency. Second, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency seem to be more prevalent in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism than in geographically matched populations. The association between vitamin D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism has clear implications. Co-existing vitamin D deficiency may cause the serum calcium level to fall into the normal range, which can lead to diagnostic uncertainty. With regard to management, preliminary data on vitamin D repletion in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism suggest that, in some cases, correction of vitamin D deficiency may be accomplished without worsening the underlying hypercalcemia. Vitamin D-deficient patients undergoing parathyroidectomy are also at increased risk of postoperative hypocalcemia and "hungry bone syndrome," which underscores the importance of preoperative assessment of vitamin D status in all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Perfect and Proper Equilibria of Large Games

This paper deals with the existence and other related issues of perfect and proper equilibria of games with a continuum of players. A sufficient condition for the existence of a perfect (proper) equilibrium as an almost everywhere limit of a sequence of ϵ-perfect (ϵ-proper) equilibria is given. An example shows that almost everywhere convergence need not obtain if the condition is violated. Extension to the case where the set of actions available to the players can differ is discussed.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: C79.
Quantification of skin motion over the liver using optical tracking

The purpose of this study was to quantify skin motion over the liver when patients are repositioned during image-guided interventions. Four human subjects with different body habitus lay supine on the interventional radiology table. The subjects held their arms up over their heads and down at their sides for 13 repositioning trials. Precise 3-D locations of the four skin fiducials permitted deformable skin motion to be quantified. For the first two occasions, the average skin motion was 1.00±0.82 mm in the arms-up position and 0.94±0.56 mm in the arms-down position, a small, but not statistically significant difference. Three out of the four subjects exhibited increased skin motion in the arms-up position, suggesting that patient-positioning technique during CT imaging may have an effect on the skin-motion component of registration error in image-guided interventions. The average skin motion was 0.65±0.39 mm for Subject 1 and 1.32±0.78 mm for Subject 2, a significant difference. Subjects 3 and 4 demonstrated a similar amount of skin motion. The subject with the largest body habitus demonstrated significantly less skin motion, an observation that is difficult to explain. The skin fiducial on the xiphoid process exhibited significantly less skin motion than the other fiducials, suggesting that certain anatomic locations could influence motion of the fiducial, and subsequently, the introduced error.
Effects of ammonium and nitrate on growth and nitrogen uptake by mycorrhizal Douglas-fir seedlings

In a greenhouse pot study, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Douglas-fir seedling were grown in a forest soil amended with clays and ammonium or nitrate fertilizer. Mycorrhizal seedlings grew taller, increased root and shoot dry weight more, and accumulated more nitrogen and phosphorus than non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Mycorrhizal effects were most pronounced in the nitrate treatment. Ammonium enhancement of phosphorus uptake was demonstrated for both mycorrhizal and control seedlings. Rhizosphere pH was altered by nitrogen source and the presence of mycorrhizas. Ammonium fertilization decreased pH, while nitrate fertilization increased pH.
Priapism Associated with Hemoglobin C Trait

Priapism constitutes a urological emergency in which alterations to the normal physiological process leading to penile erection result in a prolonged painful erection. One hemoglobinopathy, sickle cell anemia, is linked with priapism in 11% of cases.1 Hemoglobin C is an abnormal hemoglobin distinct from hemoglobin S, which is found in sickle cell disorders. Hemoglobin C disease occurs in patients who are homozygous for the gene, while hemoglobin C trait occurs those who are heterozygous for the hemoglobin C gene. Hemoglobin C trait is uncommon and there is a paucity of literature regarding clinical findings in patients with this blood dyscrasia. We report a case of priapism associated with hemoglobin C trait.
Brown v. Board of Education and Organized labor in the South

(1994). Brown v. Board of Education and Organized labor in the South. The Historian: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 75-88.
Implantable left ventricular assist devices can successfully bridge adolescent patients to transplant.

Abstract Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been used successfully as a life-sustaining bridge to transplantation in adults with end-stage heart failure. Long-term implantable cardiac assist devices for smaller adolescent patients are not yet available in the United States. Methods This study reviews the experience with patients less than 21 years old that received HeartMate LVADs (TCI) at our institution. Twelve patients were implanted with 13 LVADs. The patients ranged in age from 11 to 20 years (mean 16 years). Body surface area ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 m 2 (mean 1.8 m 2 ). Patients were selected for LVAD placement based on eligibility for heart transplant and evidence of end-organ dysfunction. Device placement in small patients was facilitated with prosthetic graft abdominal wall closure. No patient received systemic anticoagulation. Results The duration of LVAD support ranged from 0 to 397 days (mean 123 days). Seven of the 8 patients eligible for discharge from the hospital with a vented-electric LVAD were supported at home while awaiting transplantation. Outcomes of LVAD support were: LVAD explantation in 2 cases (15%), expiration with LVAD in place in 3 cases (23%), and successful transplantation in 8 cases (62%). Complications included 4 patients with systemic infection, 3 re-operations for hemorrhage, 1 embolic event, and 1 intraoperative air embolus that proved fatal. One explanted patient required a subsequent LVAD and the other expired 4 months after explantation. Six of the 8 transplanted patients are alive and well with follow-up ranging from 8 to 43 months. Conclusions Adolescent patients with heart failure can be successfully supported on a long-term basis to heart transplantation with the HeartMate LVAD. The wearable device allows for discharge home while awaiting transplantation. Device explantation without subsequent transplantation can be unpredictable. The incidence of thromboembolism remains low despite the absence of systemic anticoagulation. The technique of prosthetic graft closure of the abdominal wall facilitates the use of this device in smaller patients.
Structure-Sharing in Lexical Representation

The lexicon now plays a central role in our implementation of a Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), given the massive relocation into the lexicon of linguistic information that was carried by the phrase structure rules in the old GPSG system. HPSG's grammar contains fewer than twenty (very general) rules; its predecessor required over 350 to achieve roughly the same coverage. This simplification of the grammar is made possible by an enrichment of the structure and content of lexical entries, using both inheritance mechanisms and lexical rules to represent the linguistic information in a general and efficient form. We will argue that our mechanisms for structure-sharing not only provide the ability to express important linguistic generalization about the lexicon, but also make possible an efficient, readily modifiable implementation that we find quite adequate for continuing development of a large natural language system.
A multimodel ensemble approach to assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology and water resources of the Colorado River Basin

Abstract. Implications of 21st century climate change on the hydrology and water resources of the Colorado River Basin were assessed using a multimodel ensemble approach in which downscaled and bias corrected output from 11 General Circulation Models (GCMs) was used to drive macroscale hydrology and water resources models. Downscaled climate scenarios (ensembles) were used as forcings to the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrology model, which in turn forced the Colorado River Reservoir Model (CRMM). Ensembles of downscaled precipitation and temperature, and derived streamflows and reservoir system performance were assessed through comparison with current climate simulations for the 1950–1999 historical period. For each of the 11 GCMs, two emissions scenarios (IPCC SRES A2 and B1, corresponding to relatively unconstrained growth in emissions, and elimination of global emissions increases by 2100) were represented. Results for the A2 and B1 climate scenarios were divided into three periods: 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099. The mean temperature change averaged over the 11 ensembles for the Colorado basin for the A2 emission scenario ranged from 1.2 to 4.4°C for periods 1–3, and for the B1 scenario from 1.3 to 2.7°C. Precipitation changes were modest, with ensemble mean changes ranging from −1 to −2% for the A2 scenario, and from +1 to −1% for the B1 scenario. An analysis of seasonal precipitation patterns showed that most GCMs had modest reductions in summer precipitation and increases in winter precipitation. Derived April 1 snow water equivalent declined for all ensemble members and time periods, with maximum (ensemble mean) reductions of 38% for the A2 scenario in period 3. Runoff changes were mostly the result of a dominance of increased evapotranspiration over the seasonal precipitation shifts, with ensemble mean runoff changes of −1, −6, and −11% for the A2 ensembles, and 0, −7, and −8% for the B1 ensembles. These hydrological changes were reflected in reservoir system performance. Average total basin reservoir storage and average hydropower production generally declined, however there was a large range across the ensembles. Releases from Glen Canyon Dam to the Lower Basin were reduced for all periods and both emissions scenarios in the ensemble mean. The fraction of years in which shortages occurred increased by approximately 20% by period 3 for both emissions scenarios.
conversion by affiliation: the history of the Karo Batak Protestant Church

Theories of conversion have often stressed either psychological or sociological factors, but viewing conversion as the public declaration of a new identity and incorporating the element of time afford a way to synthesize these approaches. Although conversions to Christianity in the Karo Protestant Church, legacy of a Dutch Reformed mission, were often prompted by political or pragmatic considerations and reinforced an ethnic identity in contrast to a Muslim majority, religious life for many Karo has been transformed over the long run.