cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Costochondral calcification, osteophytic degeneration, and occult first rib fractures in patients with venous thoracic outlet syndrome.

Objective Subclavian vein (SCV) compression in venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) has been attributed to various anatomic factors, but a potential role for costochondral degeneration in the underlying first rib has not been previously examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of costochondral calcification (CC), osteophytic degeneration (OD), and occult first rib fractures (FRFx) in patients with venous TOS. Methods Thirty-seven patients (21 male, 16 female) were referred for surgical treatment of venous TOS during a 12-month period, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 1.8 year (range, 12-55). Thirteen (35%) had acute SCV effort thrombosis and 24 (65%) had chronic symptoms (>14 days). Twenty (54%) had undergone SCV thrombolysis, 11 (30%) had persistent SCV occlusion, and 10 (27%) had concomitant symptoms of neurogenic TOS. All patients underwent paraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression with complete resection of the first rib to the sternum, with 20 (54%) having concomitant SCV reconstruction. The presence or absence of CC, OD, and FRFx was determined by direct visual examination of the rib at operation and following debridement of the excised specimen. Results One patient had a cervical rib but there were none with radiographic first rib abnormalities. In contrast, FRFx were observed at surgical resection in 16 of 37 patients (43%). All FRFx were small, nondisplaced, linear lesions located within an area of CC in the anterior rib, typically in association with OD and perivenous soft tissue thickening. The mean age of patients with FRFx was higher than those with a normal first rib (38.1 ± 1.5 years vs 25.0 ± 2.3 years; P P Conclusions A high proportion (43%) of patients with venous TOS exhibited CC, OD, and a previously undetected FRFx, including 76% of those over the age of 30. These lesions occur in the cartilaginous anterior rib where they are clinically occult and undetected by standard radiographic imaging. We postulate that age-related CC may predispose to OD and stress-induced FRFx, and that inflammation, fibrosis, and anatomic distortion in the surrounding soft tissues may contribute to SCV compression.
Indirect immune recognition of mouse embryonic stem cell–derived hematopoietic progenitors in vitro

The clinical use of embryonic stem cell (ESC)–derived hematopoietic progenitors (ESHPs) requires the generation of ESHPs that produce mature hematopoietic cells and do not induce immune rejection after transplantation. We compared the developmental maturity and immunogenicity of ESHPs generated using two methods: embryoid body (EB) formation and culture of ESCs with the OP9 bone marrow stromal cell line (ESC-OP9). ESHPs derived from EBs displayed an immature hematopoietic phenotype and were devoid of immunogenicity marker expression. In contrast, ESHPs derived via ESC-OP9 displayed a mature phenotype and expressed high levels of some immunostimulatory molecules. ESHPs alone could not stimulate CD4 + T lymphocyte proliferation directly. However, preferential phagocytosis of ESHPs and T cell proliferation were observed in the presence of antigen-presenting cells, consistent with a model of indirect immune recognition of ESHPs. These results suggest that depletion of host CD4 + T lymphocytes or antigen-presenting cells may be necessary for successful ESHP transplantation.
Novel Transmit Beamforming Schemes for Time-Selective Fading Multiantenna Systems

Transmit beamforming has been widely adopted for wireless systems with multiple transmit antennas. For a block fading channel, the Grassmannian beamformer has been shown to provide very good performance for finite rate feedback. However, the original Grassmannian beamformer does not take the time domain correlation of the channel fading into consideration. In this paper, based on a first-order autoregressive (AR1) dynamic fading model, we develop two new classes of beamforming algorithms that exploit the interframe correlations in the channel fading. We first introduce an algorithm based on a standard predictive vector quantization (PVQ) approach, and the resulting PVQ beamformer accomplishes superior power delivery at the receiver. However, the error performance of the PVQ beamformer is not satisfactory at high signal-to-noise ratios, and it also has a high implementation complexity. To resolve these issues, we then develop a novel successive beamforming (SBF) algorithm. The new SBF scheme uses the knowledge of the previous fading blocks to aid the beamforming codebook design of the current fading block. The beamforming codebook is constructed based on the successive partition of the surface of a spherical cap. The new SBF scheme accomplishes nearly the same performance as that of the PVQ beamformer, and it has a much simpler implementation. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed beamformers outperform the other previously proposed beamformers at various fading scenarios
The effects of TCDD on the activation of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific DO11.10 transgenic CD4+ T cells in adoptively transferred mice

Exposure to the environmental contaminant 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suppresses the generation of T cell-dependent immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated. However, the mechanism of TCDD-induced immune suppression remains to be defined. We hypothesized that exposure to TCDD suppresses the activation of naive CD4(+) T cells and prevents their expansion and differentiation into effector T-helper cells capable of driving T cell-dependent immune responses. To test this hypothesis, we adoptively-transferred DO11.10 OVA-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells into syngeneic recipients and used a TCR-specific monoclonal antibody to track the in vivo activation of naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes following exposure to OVA. The production of OVA-specific antibodies was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner in adoptively transferred mice that had been exposed to TCDD. Although TCDD exposure had little effect on the expansion or activation of the adoptively transferred, OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells, these cells disappeared from the spleen more rapidly in TCDD-treated mice and produced significantly decreased levels of the T cell-derived cytokines IL-2 and IL-10. There was also a trend towards reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production following in vitro re-stimulation. These data suggest that TCDD may interfere with the survival and/or differentiation of OVA-specific T-helper cells. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of the DO11.10 adoptive transfer system to directly assess immunotoxic effects of xenobiotics on antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells in vivo.
Maneuver-based motion planning for nonlinear systems with symmetries

In this paper, we introduce an approach for the efficient solution of motion-planning problems for time-invariant dynamical control systems with symmetries, such as mobile robots and autonomous vehicles, under a variety of differential and algebraic constraints on the state and on the control inputs. Motion plans are described as the concatenation of a number of well-defined motion primitives, selected from a finite library. Rules for the concatenation of primitives are given in the form of a regular language, defined through a finite-state machine called a Maneuver Automaton. We analyze the reachability properties of the language, and present algorithms for the solution of a class of motion-planning problems. In particular, it is shown that the solution of steering problems for nonlinear dynamical systems with symmetries and invariant constraints can be reduced to the solution of a sequence of kinematic inversion problems. A detailed example of the application of the proposed approach to motion planning for a small aerobatic helicopter is presented.
Complexity of the lookup-table minimization problem for FPGA technology mapping

One of the main objectives in the process of mapping a digital circuit onto a LUT-based FPGA structure is minimizing the total number of lookup tables needed to implement the circuit. This will increase the size of the circuit that can be implemented using the available FPGA structure. In this paper, we show that even restricted cases of the lookup-table minimization for FPGA technology mapping are NP-complete (even when K is a small constant), and that it can be solved optimally for all values of K on a tree input in O(min{nK, nlogn}) time where n is the number of nodes in the network and K is the input capacity of the LUT's. Based on our algorithm for trees, we present a polynomial time heuristic algorithm for general Boolean networks. Experimental results confirm substantial decrease on the number of LUT's on a number of MCNC logic synthesis benchmarks compared to the algorithms that allow no or just local exploitation of Boolean properties of the circuit. We obtain 10% to 80% improvement on the number of LUT's compared to the previous algorithms (even though we allow very limited operations, e.g., we do not exploit Boolean properties of the circuits or decompose nodes). >
Diffusion and perfusion in high resolution NMR imaging and microscopy.

Diffusion and perfusion phenomena under strong gradient fields (∼100 G/cm) are examined in high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and microscopy, where diffusion-associated signal attenuation predominates over T1 and T2 relaxation decays. Image contrast based on the diffusion and microcirculation is discussed with experimental results obtained with a 7.0-T microscopy system. Ultimate resolution limit due to diffusion is investigated in high resolution NMR imaging and microscopy. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Requirements for policy languages for trust negotiation

In open systems like the Internet, traditional approaches to security based on identity do not provide a solution to the problem of establishing trust between strangers, because strangers do not share the same security domain. A new approach to establishing trust between strangers is trust negotiation, the bilateral exchange of digital credentials describing attributes of the negotiation participants. This approach relies on access control policies that govern access to protected resources by specifying credential combinations that must be submitted to obtain authorization. We describe a model for trust negotiation, focusing on the central role of policies. We delineate requirements for policy languages and runtime systems for trust negotiation, and evaluate four existing policy languages for trust management with respect to those requirements. We conclude with recommendations for extending existing policy languages or developing new policy languages to make them suitable for use in future trust negotiation systems.
Selenium yeast: Composition, quality, analysis, and safety

Selenium yeast, produced by growing select strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Se-rich media, is a recognized source of organic food-form Se, but the determination of its exact composition with respect to the Se species present produced conflicting results. Improved methods of analysis have since revealed it to contain 90+ % of its Se in the form of selenomethionine, the principal organic nutritional form of Se for higher animals and hu- mans. The safety record of Se yeast is excellent: During the three decades of its world-wide use as a source of supplemental Se, no cases of Se poisoning have occurred due to dosage or formulation errors.
Conservation of predatory arthropods in cotton: role of action thresholds for Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae).

Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of a range of action thresholds for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (= B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring) with insecticides in cotton on populations of arthropod predators in Imperial Valley, CA, and Maricopa, AZ. Application of insecticides significantly reduced population densities of spiders, Geocoris punctipes (Say), G. pallens (Stal), Orius tristicolor (White), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Zelus renardii Kolenati, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Drapetis sp., and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens in one or both years and sites compared with untreated controls. Use of higher B. tabaci thresholds conserved some species and groups relative to lower thresholds. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that reductions in predator populations were generally influenced more strongly by the timing of the first insecticide application than by the total number of sprays necessary to maintain suppression of the pest below any given action threshold. A predation index, which weights the importance of each predator species based on their known frequency of predation on B. tabaci and another key pest, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was developed and analyzed. Patterns were similar to results based on changes in abundance alone, but the index generally revealed less severe effects of insecticides on overall predator function. The current action threshold for conventional insecticidal control of B. tabaci in Arizona and southern California is five adults per leaf. Results here suggest that predator conservation may be enhanced by raising the initial threshold to delay the first application or initially using more selective materials such as insect growth regulators.
Severe complication of a commonly prescribed drug: minocycline-induced lupus.

The constellation of symptoms that includes persistent fever, weight loss, general malaise with rash, myalgias, and arthritis brings a number of serious conditions into consideration: malignancies, connective tissue diseases, and systemic infections. Drug-induced complications also fall into this differential diagnosis. Drug-induced lupus is most commonly associated with procainamide (first described in 1962), hydralazine, chlorpromazine, isoniazid, -methyldopa, and quinidine. From 46 to 70 drugs can cause drug-induced lupus, with the first probable case caused by sulfadiazine, published in 1945, and the first definite causal relation with hydralazine described in 1953. Reports have also implicated the lipid-soluble semisynthetic tetracycline, minocycline, used as a disease-modifying agent for reactive rheumatoid arthritis and for acne. In 1959, 3 patients were reported to have developed a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-like) syndrome after taking tetracycline. Since then no other cases of tetracycline-caused drug-induced lupus have appeared. The first case of minocyclineinduced lupus was described in 1991. Many adolescents come to their family physicians with concerns relating to acneiform changes in their skin, and 65% of all prescriptions for minocycline are written for acne. Fifty-seven cases of minocycline-caused systemic lupus have appeared in the medical literature. None, however, has been published in a family medicine journal. Given the frequency of diagnosis of acne and the common prescription of minocycline, the possibility of severe adverse reactions from this drug needs recognition.
THE ASSOCIATION OF PULMONARY AND OTHER TUBERCULOUS LESIONS IN CASES OF PROVEN BONE AND JOINT TUBERCULOSIS

Attention is again called to the fact that bone and joint tuberculosis is a systemic disease. The point is stressed that a positive diagnosis is essential to correct treatment and accurate interpretation of results. Of 164 consecutive patients, seen during the past year, clinically diagnosed as having bone and joint tuberculosis, 100 were established cases, fifty had no pathological or bacteriological reports, and in fourteen the guinea-pig inoculation and pathological results were negative. Pulmonary lesions in substantiated bone and joint tuberculosis average 40 per cent. in our series,—27 per cent. with adult pulmonary or parenchymal lesions, and 13 per cent. with active childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients over sixteen years of age averaged 37.3 per cent.; those under sixteen years, 44 per cent. When the pulmonary lesion is determined from the age of the patient at onset of the bone and joint lesion, those under sixteen years—sixty patients—averaged 42 per cent. and those over sixteen years—forty patients—averaged 40 per cent. Eight per cent. of our cases had renal tuberculosis. More frequent urinalyses, guinea-pig inoculation, and special search for tubercle bacilli are urged in the treatment of patients having an acid urine containing no organisms, but in which white and red blood cells are found by the usual staining methods. A negative tuberculin skin test, especially if negative to repeated increasing dosage of a recently prepared or fresh solution of old tuberculin or tuberculoprotein trichloracetic, is of definite diagnostic value.
Collective impact facilitators: how contextual and procedural factors influence collaboration

Collective impact (CI) has primarily been applied to solving organic adaptive problems that evolve over time. While this framework aligns broadly with the collaboration literature, the dynamic, and...
Cation-Induced Hydrogels of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Tunable Moduli

Cellulose nanofibrils are biocompatible nanomaterials derived from sustainable natural sources. We report hydrogelation of carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils with divalent or trivalent cations (Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Al(3+), and Fe(3+)) and subsequent formation of interconnected porous nanofibril networks. The gels were investigated by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The storage moduli of the gels are strongly related to valency of the metal cations and their binding strength with carboxylate groups on the nanofibrils. Hydrogel moduli may be tuned by appropriate choice of cation. Cation-carboxylate interactions are proposed to initiate gelation by screening of the repulsive charges on the nanofibrils and to dominate gel properties through ionic cross-linking. Binding energies of cations with carboxylate groups were calculated from molecular models developed for nanofibril surfaces to validate the correlation and provide further insight into the cross-linked structures. The cellulose nanofibril-based hydrogels may have a variety of biomedical and other applications, taking advantage of their biocompatibility, high porosity, high surface area, and durability in water and organic solvents.
Effect of Liquid Rocket Fuels and Oxidizers on Elastomeric O-Ring Seals

Abstract O-ring seals of selected elastomeric and compliant materials were evaluated for resistance to liquid rocket fuels and oxidizers in a simulated end-use test. Oxidizers were nitrogen tetroxide, chlorine trifluoride, and 90 per cent hydrogen peroxide; fuels were mixed hydrazines, pentaborane, and Hybaline A-5. Tests were made at 73° F with all fluids; further, the effect of elevated temperature (160° F) on seals was evaluated in nitrogen tetroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and mixed hydrazines. At 73° F only polytetrafluoroethylene was resistant to all of the fluids; however, elastomeric materials were found which were satisfactory for specific fuel or oxidizer systems. Butyl and ethylene propylene rubber appear satisfactory for long term storage in the presence of mixed hydrazines and Hybaline A-5. The fluorocarbons appeared best of the elastomeric materials for use with pentaborane and hydrogen peroxide.
Prednisone Therapy for Duchenne Dystrophy

The effects of prednisone on muscle function and the extent of steroid-related adverse effects were studied in 17 ambulant children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) at University Hospital, Groningen; Rehabilitation Centre, Utrecht; and Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
ALGORITHMS FOR DATA MAINTENANCE AND COMPUTATION OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the algorithms for data maintenance and computation of analysis of variance. The computational methods used in the analyses of variance have radically changed since high speed computers became generally available. The chapter presents a matrix operator for use in statistical calculation. The operator is called the sum direct products (SDP) operator and may be considered as a generalization of the original sum cross products (SCP) operator. The operator is useful in the analyses of variance and covariance and is more general than SCP in that any results of this operator can be transformed to the results of the standard SCP operation, but not vice versa. The operator is more efficient both in the number of accumulative sums computed and in the number of memory locations required for a given problem. The SDP operation also simplifies the presentation of output. The chapter also discusses techniques for the approximate analyses of variance and covariance on the data-sets that are too large for straightforward least squares.
Identification of dioxopromethazine hydrochloride illegally added in Feilike capsule and Feilike mixture by TLC and HPLC-MS

Objective To establish a method for the identification of dioxopromethazine hydrochloride illegally added in Feilike capsules and Feilike mixture.Methods The dioxopromethazine hydrochloride was identified by TLC and HPLC-MS;The content of dioxopromethazine hydrochloride was determined by HPLC.Results Dioxopromethazine hydrochloride was found in 15 batches of samples.Conclusion The method is convenient,reliable and accurate.It can be used to detect the illegal Feilike capsules and Feilike mixture.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Predictive Factors of Immediate Extubation After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery

Background We sought to identify preoperative and intraoperative predictors of immediate extubation (IE) after open heart surgery in neonates. The effect of IE on the postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), cost of postoperative ICU care, operating room turnover, and reintubation rates was assessed. Methods Patients younger than 31 days who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (January 2010 to December 2013) at a tertiary-care children's hospital were studied. Immediate extubation was defined as successful extubation before termination of anesthetic care. Data on preoperative and intraoperative variables were compared using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics to identify the predictors of IE. Propensity scores were used to assess effects of IE on ICU LOS, the cost of ICU care, reintubation rates, and operating room turnover time. Results One hundred forty-eight procedures done at a median age of 7 days resulted in 45 IEs (30.4%). The IE rate was 22.2% with single-ventricle heart disease. Independent predictors of IE were the absence of the need for preoperative ventilatory assistance, higher gestational age, anesthesiologist, and shorter cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediate extubation was associated with shorter ICU LOS (8.3 versus 12.7 days; p p p = 0.7). Immediate extubation was associated with longer operating room turnover time (38.4 versus 46.7 minutes; p = 0.009). Conclusions Immediate extubation was accomplished in 30.4% of neonates undergoing open heart surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediate extubation was associated with lesser ICU LOS, postoperative ICU costs, and minimal increase in operating room turnover time, but without an increase in reintubation rates. Low gestational age, preoperative ventilatory support requirement, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were inversely associated with the ability to accomplish IE.
Does your fall prevention program drive clinical decision making

There is a significant amount of information available that outlines the negative impacts of falls in the aging population on both the individual's quality of life and the economics of health care delivery throughout the continuum.
Interest and Retirement in Aphra Behn’s Odes

Aphra Behn’s kaleidoscopic authorial personae, alternately defiant and needy, amorously insinuating and zealously patriotic, mocking and self-pitying, have fascinated scholars since the late 1980s, when Jacqueline Pearson and Janet Todd called attention to her use of the prostitute as a figure for the woman author.1 According to Catherine Gallagher’s influential reading of her authorial personae, Behn appeals for the sympathy due a woman who must please men for money, who must sell herself by neglecting her own taste to obey the market’s demands and pander to vulgar expectations with the seductive tricks of the authorial trade. In Behn’s theatrical prologues and epilogues, Gallagher finds her vacillating between erotic flattery and pathos, first seducing her audience, then satirically commenting on stage eroticism. By her refusal to inhabit a consistent persona, Behn represents herself as the owner and purveyor of a series of alienable selves, each of which gestures towards an elusive “real” self. She repeatedly enacts a contradiction between her authorial claim of mastery over the self and its creations and her need to sell, a process Gallagher calls “the splendors and miseries of authorship.”2 Gallagher’s persuasive depiction of Behn as a brilliant manipulator, as well as a victim, of the codes of marketplace ideology has influenced most subsequent Behn studies and supported the view of Behn as a “public woman” whose role is structured by the logic of the marketplace and her own commodification.3
CRISPR/Cas9 in allergic and immunologic diseases.

The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and their subsequent development for gene modification has revolutionized ...
Approximate Dynamic Programming for Optimizing Oil Production

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Petroleum Reservoir Production Optimization Problem Review of Dynamic Programming and Approximate Dynamic Programming Approximate Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Reservoir Production Optimization Simulation Results Concluding Remarks References ]]>
The Thermodynamics of Divalent Metals Binding to Taurine/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenase (TAUD)

Taurine/α-ketoglutarate (αKG) dioxygenase (TauD) is a nonheme iron(II) and αKG dependent metalloenzyme, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of taurine leading to its decomposition into aminoacetaldehyde and sulfite, where sulfite is a key sulfur containing metabolite in E. coli. The nonheme iron(II) center in TauD is formed from two histidine side chain residues and a glutamic acid coordinating to one face of the octahedral coordination geometry. This common metal binding motif has been termed the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad and is found in a number of nonheme manganese, iron, and cobalt containing proteins. Here we have focused our efforts to measure the thermodynamic driving forces that lead to formation of these bioinorganic centers in biology, by studying divalent metal ion coordination to TauD using isothermal titration calorimetry. Titrations of metal complexes into the metal-free (apo) TauD and the corresponding chelation experiments were performed under anaerobic environment.The thermodynamic terms associated with cobalt(II), iron(II), and manganese(II) binding to apoTauD were deconvoluted from complex experiments, where the pH and buffer independent binding constant (K) were measured to be 2.9 × 109, 2.4 × 107, and 9.8 × 105, respectively. (The corresponding ΔG values were calculated to be −12.8 kcal/mol, −10.1 kcal/mol, and −8.2 kcal/mol, respectively.) Interestingly the measured enthalpy changes for these binding events (ΔH) are −17.8 kcal/mol, −12.8 kcal/mol, and −12.2 kcal/mol, respectively. These data are fully consistent with the Irving-Williams series, which suggest there is increasing affinity for transition metal ions from left to right across the periodic table. However, it seems this the increasing affinity is derived from increasing favorability of both the related ΔH and ΔS terms.
Cataract Extraction, Femtosecond Laser Assisted

Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Surgical indication for cataracts includes those that impair visual acuity, create visual disability, and affect activities of daily living or deemed medically necessary for monitoring or further surgical procedures. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
Effects of B 4 C Addition on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of FePt-C Granular Thin Films for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording

Effects of B4C addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt and FePt-C thin films have been studied. A high coercivity of 2.11 T with good squareness is achieved by B4C addition. By analyzing the mechanism and different isolation effects of B4C and C as segregants, a double-layer approach has been developed and a coercivity of 1.96 T is achieved with column-like FePt grains. The grain size and the size distribution are not deteriorated substantially compared with the single-layer case. These results indicate that addition of B4C as segregant is beneficial for the modification of microstructure and magnetic properties.
Waiting for the Site to Show Up. Henry Luce Makes Frank Lloyd Wright America’s Greatest Architect

Henry Luce, owner of “Life”, “Time”, “Fortune” and “Architectural Forum”, recognized Frank Lloyd Wright’s immense charisma and talent and featured both the architect and his work in all four of his renowned popular press journals in January 1938 – though clearly he did so for his own ends. Luce believed fervently in America. In 1937, the German architects Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius migrated to the USA to assume leadership of two of its nest schools of architecture. Luce countered this promotion of European architecture by featuring Wright in his four journals. Despite Wright’s immense unpopularity at the time, Luce put him on the cover of “Time” and prominently presented him and his work in “Life”, “Fortune”, and “Architectural Forum”. That Luce’s ideals were not the same as those of Wright mattered little. With Luce’s endorsement, Wright became the most popular American architect in history, a position he retains to this day. But how very odd that decidedly arti cial mediation could so effectively disseminate and popularize an architecture whose essence was authenticity.
Alcohol Stabilization of Low Water Content Pyrolysis Oil during High Temperature Treatment

The addition of alcohols is a promising method to pretreat and stabilize pyrolysis oil by converting carboxylic acids and reactive carbonyl compounds into esters, ethers, and acetals. In this study a series of alcohols—methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, or 1-octanol—was added to crude pyrolysis oil, and these mixtures were stored at 200 °C for different periods from 6 to 50 h to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the oils’ physicochemical properties. All oil/alcohol mixtures were characterized by Karl Fisher titration, viscometer/rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. Phase separation is observed for all aged oil/alcohol mixtures. The time-dependent rheologies of heat treated oil/1-propanol, oil/2-propanol, and oil/1-octanol mixtures are found to be well fitted by the Herschel–Bulkley model. Isothermal DSC traces directly confirm that low mole...
A nanofluidics study on nanoscale gas bubble defects in dispensing-based nanoimprint lithography

Detrimental nanoscale gas bubble defects seriously hinder the practical applications of nanoimprint lithography in manufacturing of nanoelectronic devices. Here, we present a nanofluidics study on the formation and evolution mechanisms of nanoscale bubble defects in dispensing-based UV-curable nanoimprint lithography processes. Our work indicates that the formation of nanoscale bubble defects is mainly attributed to the pinning of resist spreading edges at the nanostructures or contaminants on the mold/substrate surfaces. Such pinning-induced nanoscale gas bubbles undergo an evolution process governed by the combinational effect of surface pinning and gas dissolution into resist. Such an evolution process results in a prominent drop of the gas pressure inside bubbles and therefore prevents nanoscale gas bubble defects from the complete dissolution into resists. This work identifies the critical mechanisms responsible for the formation of detrimental nanoscale bubble defects and provides important insights for the ultimate elimination of such defects.
Decision Making in the Presence of Noise

We consider problems of decision making based on imperfect information. We derive Bayesian optimal decision procedures for some simple one-person games on trees in which the player is given redundant but noisy information about the true configuration of the game. Our procedures are computationally efficient, and the decision rules which they implement are describable by simple formulas. Not surprisingly, the presence of noise greatly affects the decision procedure, and decisions procedures that are optimal for the corresponding noiseless games may be far from optimal in the presence of noise. In many cases, the optimal decision depends not only on the given noisy data but also on knowledge of the expected amount of noise present in the data. For arbitrary m ∊ N, we present examples in which the optimal decision changes m times as the probability of error in an individual datum increases from 0 to 1/2. Thus, no decision procedure that is insensitive to (or does not know) the amount of uncertainty in the data can perform as well as one that is aware of the unreliability of its data.
Psychiatric Problems of Childhood

Many physical illnesses are the same in children and adults, whereas other illnesses are limited to one age period, that is, they occur mainly or exclusively in childhood or almost exclusively at a later age. Finally, there are diseases such as diabetes that have both a juvenile and an adult form that differ in certain respects. What is the situation regarding psychiatric problems in childhood?
Help-Seeking as a Coping Mechanism

This chapter discusses how individuals can cope with negative life events through seeking help from other persons. When presented with adverse or demanding events, people can respond by seeking help from a husband or wife, from family members or relatives, or from members of larger community networks. Individuals may obtain help primarily within the context of informal social support; they may seek help from formal agencies or professional helpers; or they may combine formal and informal sources of help. In this chapter I discuss the variety of supportive resources that are potentially available to distressed persons, suggest some propositions about factors that influence help-seeking behavior, and delineate some functional mechanisms through which help-seeking may be related to adjustment and well-being.
Changing Sexual Regulations in the U.S. from 1990 to 2010: Spatial Panel Data Analysis

Understanding legal regulation on sexual practices is a field in its infancy. In this paper we analyze the factors driving these sexual regulations using a novel dataset for the U.S. for the years 1990 to 2010. We first introduce the index of sexual regulation (ISR) and then using a spatial lag fixed effects estimator that accounts for spillover effects from neighboring states, we find that citizen’s ideology, population density, household income and median age are associated with a weaker sexual regulation while government ideology has a slight positive association with the overall sexual regulation. We also examine two dimensions of sexual practice regulation looking at the index of marriage practice regulation (IMPR) and sex crime regulation (ISCR). In the case of IMPR, our findings indicate that a more liberal government ideology, a higher share of population with the college degree and a higher median age are associated with a more liberal index of marriage practice regulation.
Intravascular Lymphoma Involving the CNS: a case report underscoring the importance of brain biopsy for progressive cerebrovascular disease (P6.095)

Objective: N/A Background: Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare subtype of extra-nodal large B-cell lymphoma involving selective growth of tumor in the vascular lumen. IVL may involve various organs including skin, gastrointestinal tract, and brain depending on the subtype. Common presentation of CNS-based IVL is dementia (60%), paralysis/paraplegia (22.1%), and seizures (13.41%). Rare presentations include aphasia(3.9%), hearing disturbances(4.3%) and psychosis(1.45%). Design/Methods: We present a case report of CNS-based IVL presenting with acute onset focal neurologic symptoms mimicking TIA and stroke. Results: A 74 year old high-functioning man with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency room with a 45 minute spell of expressive aphasia, suspicious for TIA. Ten days later he presented with recurrent symptoms and he was treated with IV tPA and transferred to a comprehensive stroke center. Over the course of the next several weeks he developed progressive hearing loss, behavioral disturbances, and further hemorrhages. MRI scan of the brain showed numerous scattered intraparenchymal microbleeds, subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhages. CSF analysis showed elevated protein and IgG levels. A brain biopsy was performed which revealed large B-Cell lymphoma predominantly in an intravascular distribution. Discussion: IVL is a rare form of malignancy that may mimic stroke and diagnosis is clinically difficult. CSF findings of elevated protein and oligoclonal banding have been reported as well as elevated LDH in serum. Imaging findings are often variable and include ischemic infarcts, hemorrhage, non-specific white matter lesions, meningeal enhancement, and gadolinium enhanced T1 lesions. Definitive diagnosis is made by brain biopsy. Conclusions: IVL is a rare disorder in which diagnosis is often post mortem. Since definitive diagnosis is difficult to make clinically, CNS biopsy is required. The rapid progression and association with both ischemic and hemorrhagic events may be mistaken for CNS vasculitis. This case underscores the importance of brain biopsy in rapidly progressive CNS vascular conditions. Disclosure: Dr. Elangovan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lowe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tiwana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Niazi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Specht has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ibrahimi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ermak has nothing to disclose.
Short-term functional recovery after total joint arthroplasty is unaffected by bundled payment participation.

Abstract Background Bundled payment models for lower extremity total joint arthroplasty (TJA) aim to improve value by decreasing costs via efficient care pathways. It is unclear how such models affect patient-centered outcomes such as functional recovery. We aimed to determine whether participation in bundled payment for TJA negatively affects patients' functional recovery. Methods All patients, regardless of payer, undergoing elective TJA between July 2014 and December 2016 were identified retrospectively and categorized into prebundle (n = 680) and postbundle (n = 1216) cohorts. Mixed-effects linear regression and Wald postests were used to test for differences in patients' functional recovery during the hospital period and over 12 months after TJA between cohorts. We also used multivariate regression to test for differences in hospital length of stay (LOS) and postacute care (PAC) facility use between cohorts. Results Compared with the prebundle cohort, patients in the postbundle cohort demonstrated a small and nonmeaningful difference in the trajectory of functional recovery in the hospital [χ2(3) = 31.3, P Conclusions Participation in bundled payment for TJA was not associated with significant changes in patients' functional recovery, an important patient-centered outcome. For the postbundle cohort, hospital LOS and PAC facility use were decreased, consistent with previous studies describing cost-saving strategies in bundled payment. These findings support the need for an ongoing study of the long-term sustainability of these value-based payment models.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Research and Intervention with Children of Incarcerated Parents

Children of incarcerated parents are an increasing and significant population, not only in the USA but around the world. An expanding body of rigorous research, particularly over the past decade, has found that children of incarcerated parents are at increased risk for a variety of negative outcomes compared to their peers, including infant mortality, externalizing behavior problems, mental health concerns, educational and developmental challenges, and relationship problems. Moreover, children with incarcerated parents are exposed to more risk factors and adverse childhood experiences than their peers. In this volume, we bring representatives of multiple academic and practice disciplines together to summarize the state of scientific knowledge about the children of incarcerated parents, discuss policies and practices grounded in that knowledge, and offer a blueprint for future research and intervention efforts with this population. The large number of children who have been affected by parental incarceration makes it untenable for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to ignore these children and their families. This book is our collective attempt to continue to bridge the communication gaps between and among research, practice, and policymaking relevant to children of incarcerated parents, and to encourage the further conduct of high-quality research so that sufficient knowledge will be available for evidence-based practice and policymaking that makes a positive and enduring difference in the lives of children and their families.
Shared decision-making in the care of a patient with food allergy.

Abstract Objective Shared decision-making is a patient-centered approach that involves a mutual discussion about management or treatment options, which account for the patient's underlying values and preferences for therapy. Little is known about the role of shared decision-making in the care of patients with food allergy. Data Sources A narrative review of the shared decision-making and food allergy outcomes literature in the past 20 years was performed. Results In shared decision-making, care must be taken to help clarify the patient's values regarding their care options, but not instill the clinician's values or preferences into that choice. It is essential to understand the mutual roles of the clinician in the process of providing evidence-based options for care, advocating for treatments that are aligned with their goals and preferences, and allowing patients to make fully informed decisions within this paradigm. Decision support tools such as decision aids can assist patients in the values clarification process, particularly in which preference-sensitive care exists, in which options hold significant tradeoffs and varying outcomes, and the decision is reflective of personal values and preferences. There are multiple potential preference-sensitive care scenarios in food allergy in which shared decision-making could be optimized, including the development of decision aids. These areas include early allergenic solid introduction, preemptive epinephrine use in which there is allergen exposure but no symptoms, automatic activation of EMS after using epinephrine, and choices of food allergy treatment. Only one decision aid in food allergy exists. Conclusion Shared decision-making is an approach that could greatly enhance food allergy care and improve patient-reported outcomes.
Mouse-Torpedo chimeric alpha-subunit used to probe channel-gating determinants on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor primary sequence.

1. To determine if structural domains are important for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) channel function, six mouse–Torpedo chimeric α-subunits were constructed (Fig. 2) and coexpressed with Torpedo californica β-, γ-, and δ-subunits in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Reply to Li et al.: Organism tree of life: Gene phylogeny vs. whole-proteome phylogeny

In responding to the Letter by Li et al. (1) regarding our paper (2), we would like to remind the authors of the Letter that 1) the concept and structure of organism tree of life (“organism ToL”) have been evolving since Darwin’s time and are expected to continue to evolve as the types and amounts of genomic data increase, as well as the methods of analyzing the data and constructing the ToL improve; and 2) as a surrogate for the organism ToL, we use whole-proteome sequences (predicted by all protein coding genes) to construct “whole-proteome ToL” in contrast to the commonly used “gene ToLs.” The former uses … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sunghou{at}berkeley.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
MINIMIZING CRUD DEPOSITION THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS

A strong correlation exists between subcooled boiling in assembly subchannels and CRUD deposition. In this work a genetic algorithm is used to optimize a 17 x 17 PWR fuel assembly to have minimized subcooled boiling, minimized peak kinf, and maximized end of cycle kinf. Optimization of these parameters act as a surrogate for the optimization of CRUD deposition in fuel assemblies due to their strong correlation. Subcooled boiling, measured by vapor void in a sub channel, and values of kinf, are calculated using VERA-CS. Due to the high computational cost of VERA-CS, artificial neural networks are used as surrogate models to VERA-CS in order for the optimization to be performed in a timely manner making design work possible. Two neural networks were trained using a training library of 1200 randomly generated assembly designs and a validation library of 100 assembly designs evaluated using VERA-CS. The combination of neural networks and genetic algorithms formed an extremely fast optimization algorithm capable of evaluating designed a set of optimized pin lattices in a matter of minutes. The optimization showed a clear reduction in vapor void in the optimization solutions. This provides a proof of principle that complex phenomena requiring coupled, Multiphysics calculations, such as CRUD deposition, may be optimized.
The Case of a Janitorial Supervisor With Occupational Asthma Complicated by the Mixed Colonization of the Respiratory Tract by Candida albicans and Alternaria spp.

Patients on immunosuppressant agents, including oral corticosteroids, are susceptible to fungal colonization despite being otherwise immunologically intact. This case report highlights a state-of-the-art biological modifier therapy for the complex care of a patient with refractory occupational asthma, allergic rhinitis, and mixed fungal colonization. A dyspneic 38-year-old male janitor with steroid-dependent occupational asthma refractory to omalizumab therapy was colonized with Candida and Alternaria following a promotion to a managerial position in a moldy office. He was treated with itraconazole and systemic steroids. Pulmonary workup revealed moderate obstructive ventilatory defect, peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophilic airway inﬂammation. Three additional biological modiﬁers (reslizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab) were administered to this patient. His asthma was ultimately controlled with reslizumab and dupilumab. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) normalized after dupilumab monotherapy, enabling the patient to taper off chronic prednisone therapy. Various occupational exposures are crucial epidemiologic factors related to infection and go hand-in-glove with long-term prednisone treatment towards increasing susceptibility to fungal colonization. Steroid-sparing anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) agents and dupilumab should be considered as alternative treatment options for patients, such as ours, with eosinophilic, prednisone-dependent asthma refractory to omalizumab therapy.
Marking the 40th Anniversary of the AIDS Epidemic - American Physicians Look Back.

Marking the 40th Anniversary of the AIDS Epidemic At a time when the world is gripped by the Covid-19 pandemic, early AIDS doctors look back on 40 years of HIV/AIDS. Many of them first encountered ...