cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differentiation and assignment of the proton NMR signals in the bis-MTPA ester of meso-α,α′-dimethyl-1,4-benzenedimethanol

Abstract NaBH4 reduction of one ketone in 1,4-diacetylbenzene followed by Amano PS catalyzed acylation of the R enantiomer, separation of the R acetate from the S alcohol, and reduction of the remaining ketone in each with NaBD4 has provided two mixtures of monodeuterated diol diastereomers: R,R(d) plus R,S(d) and S,R(d) plus S,S(d). Conversion of the unseparated diols into their bis-(R)-MTPA (mosher's) esters has allowed the NMR signals arising from the C-methyl groups at the R and S ends of meso-α,α-dimethyl-1,4-benzenedimethanol bis-(R)-MTPA ester to be assigned unequivocally.
X-ray fibre diffraction studies of chitosan and chitosan gels

Abstract Fibres obtained from freshly prepared films of ungelled chitosan yielded X-ray diffraction patterns indicative of high crystallinity and characteristic
Polyamine-based chemotherapy of cancer

Controlling cancer growth by interfering with its cellular uncontrolled DNA replication is a rational and sound approach for treating this disease. DNA is stabilised by the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces provided by DNA-bound polyamines. Targeting the latter is therefore synonymous with targeting cancer growth. This was achieved by: a) designing inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the inducible enzyme that is mainly responsible for increasing the intracellular pools of polyamines; b) designing inhibitors of extracellular polyamine active transport into the cells; c) synthesis of analogues of spermine, the main DNA-bound and tRNA-bound polyamine; the analogues displace the natural polyamines from the nucleic acids, and alter cell cycling; d) designing synthetic analogues of spermine with restricted conformations. The introduction of restriction in the free rotation around the single bonds in a flexible molecule, such as spermine, results in a spatial rigidity that introduces bends and k...
Brain, liver, and adipose tissue erucic and very long chain fatty acid levels in adrenoleukodystrophy patients treated with glyceryl trierucate and trioleate oils (Lorenzo's oil).

Brain, liver, and adipose lipids were studied in the postmortem tissues of four adrenoleukodystrophy patients who had been treated with a mixture of glyceryl trioleate and trierucate olis (“Lorenzo's Oil”) and compared to 7 untreated ALD patients and 3 controls. The dietary therapy appeared to reduce the levels of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the plasma, adipose tissue and liver; in the brain they were reduced in only one of the four patients. While substantial amounts of erucic acid were present in some of the tissues even 12 months after therapy had been discontinued, the levels in brain did not exceed those in controls at any time. The failure of erucic acid to enter the brain in significant quantity may be a factor in the disappointing results of dietary therapy for adrenoleukodystrophy.
Suppose They Held an Election and Almost Everybody Came

W. Anthony Lake Harvard Univ., B.A. 1961; Professor, government U.S. vice consul in Saigon, Vietnam, 1963; U.S. National Security Advisor Woodrow Wilson School of official vice consul in Hue, Vietnam, 1964-65; special Public and International Affairs, assistant to Henry A. Kissinger, 1969-70; director, Princeton Univ., Ph.D. 1974 International Voluntary Services, 1974-76; director of policy planning, State Dept., 1977-81; professor of international relations, Mount Holyoke College, 1981-92
A Magnetic Biomimetic Nanocatalyst for Cleaving Phosphoester and Carboxylic Ester Bonds under Mild Conditions

As a result of the unique surface structure of nanospheres, Asp and His residues supported on a 12 nm maghemite nanoparticle worked collaboratively as a biomimetic nanocatalyst for hydrolyzing paraoxon (phosphoester) and 4-nitrophenyl acetate (carboxylic ester) in Milli-Q water (pH 7.0) at 37 °C, without employing extremes of pH or heavy metals. Our nanocatalyst could be facilely recovered via magnetic concentration. The isolated catalyst exhibited long-term stability, showing no significant loss of its catalytic activity for repeated uses after 3 months.
Rat bite fever: Report of a fatal case

Two days following a rat bite, a 3-month-old boy presented to the ED with a temperature of 40 C and several puncture wounds on his right hand. He died after a fulminating illness. Postmortem examination revealed endocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, hepatic and splenic congestion, and arthritis. Blood cultures revealed the presence of Streptobacillus moniliformis. Rat bite fever is rare in the United States, occurring most commonly in children and laboratory personnel.
A summary of the active flexible wing program

A summary of the NASA/Rockwell Active Flexible Wing Program is presented. Major elements of the program are presented. Key program accomplishments included single- and multiple-mode flutter suppression, load alleviation and load control during rapid roll maneuvers, and multi-input/multi-output multiple-function active controls tests above the open-loop flutter boundary.
Predicting Concept Types in User Corrections in Dialog

Most dialog systems explicitly confirm user-provided task-relevant concepts. User responses to these system confirmations (e.g. corrections, topic changes) may be misrecognized because they contain unrequested task-related concepts. In this paper, we propose a concept-specific language model adaptation strategy where the language model (LM) is adapted to the concept type(s) actually present in the user's post-confirmation utterance. We evaluate concept type classification and LM adaptation for post-confirmation utterances in the Let's Go! dialog system. We achieve 93% accuracy on concept type classification using acoustic, lexical and dialog history features. We also show that the use of concept type classification for LM adaptation can lead to improvements in speech recognition performance.
Optimization of microwave T junction power-divider circuits

In our earlier paper we had developed microstrip T junction models, from a qualitative design aspect, to act as equal and unequal power-dividers. In this paper, we have applied optimization techniques to design power-divider circuits which give pre-specified transmission characteristics. These circuits include the asymmetrical tee, the 1-step tee, the 2-step tee and the linearly tapered tee junction circuits, The results give the optimized dimensions of the latter four circuits for different power-divider ratios.
Strategies for improving diagnostic accuracy of biliary strictures

BACKGROUND Brush cytology is the initial intervention when evaluating biliary strictures. Biliary brush cytology is known for its low sensitivity (but high specificity) and may be accompanied by biopsies and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to improve diagnostic yield. This study aimed to identify features to enhance cytological sensitivity, and assess which sampling method(s) improve identification of pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas (PBCa). METHODS Seventy-three biliary stricture cases were retrieved (38 PBCa and 35 control benign strictures). Biliary brushings, FISH, and biopsies were reviewed. Cytology specimens were evaluated for cellularity and presence of drunken honeycomb (DH), loosely cohesive clusters of round cells (LCCRC), large atypical cells with foamy cytoplasm (LACF), and single vacuolated malignant cells (SCs). Biopsies were examined for the presence of stromal invasion (SI). RESULTS Biliary brushings were scantly cellular in 47.4% of PBCa and 51.4% of controls, resulting in 69.6% nondiagnostic/false-negative cytology diagnoses. DH, LACF, and SCs were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma (P < .00001, .0033, and .00002, respectively). By univariate analysis, SCs and LACF were predictors of malignancy in brushings (P = .0002 and .05). By multivariate analysis, only SCs were predictive of malignancy (P = .002). SI facilitated the diagnosis in 9 biopsies. Sensitivity/specificity of brush cytology, FISH, and biopsy were 39.5%/94.3%, 63.9%/94.3%, and 84.2%/100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The low sensitivity of biliary brushings results from limited cellularity. Identification of LACF, DH, and SCs improves sensitivity. Sampling of stromal tissue may facilitate PBCa diagnosis. Concurrent biopsies and FISH are helpful in enhancing the diagnostic yield of PBCa. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:244–252. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Nitric oxide from bench to bedside: a perinatal perspective — part I

Appeming in Part II in the next issue: Inhaled nitric oxide for neonatal pulmonary hypertension A. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) 1. Definition, epidemiology and pathogenesis 2. Clinical course with current therapy 3. State of the art: I-NO for PPHN B . Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: perioperative care with I-NO C. Congenital heart disease: perioperative care with I-NO Inhaled NO for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) A. Definition, pathogenesis, and current therapy B. ARDS in pregnancy C. State of the art: I-NO for ARDS Potential uses of nitric oxide donors in obstetrics A. Premature labor B. Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome Conclusion
Factors Influencing Convergence of Survey and Market-Based Values of an Environmental Disamenity

A database is used that combines survey and real estate data to obtain willingness to pay (WTP) measures to avoid living in proximity to a landfill. Convergence of market-based measures from a hedonic price model and hypothetical measures from contingent valuation is investigated at the level of individual respondent, using a ratio of the two measures within a sample selection framework. The sample mechanism is based on zero vs. positive stated WTP. The impact of a variety of attitudinal and demographic characteristics is investigated.
Glossal angiomyoma: imaging findings and endovascular treatment.

Background. An angiomyoma is an uncommon, benign tumor characterized by numerous vascular channels intermixed with bundles of smooth muscle cells. Oral manifes- tations are quite rare. We describe for the first time the CT, MRI, and angiographic imaging features and successful pre- operative endovascular embolization of an angiomyoma of the tongue. The pathologic findings before and after embolization are also described. Methods and Results. A 25-year-old man was seen with a rapidly enlarging tongue mass. Imaging studies revealed the extent and hypervascular nature of this tumor. The diagnosis of angiomyoma was confirmed by histologic examination. Preop- erative embolization proved to be helpful in the surgical man- agement of this lesion. Conclusions. Angiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any well-circumscribed, hypervascular, soft tissue tumor in the mouth. In addition, endovascular embo- lization may be a useful adjunct that facilitates resection. A 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 1084-1088, 2004
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

Contents: Prefaces. The Concepts of Power Analysis. The t-Test for Means. The Significance of a Product Moment rs (subscript s). Differences Between Correlation Coefficients. The Test That a Proportion is .50 and the Sign Test. Differences Between Proportions. Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables. The Analysis of Variance and Covariance. Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis. Set Correlation and Multivariate Methods. Some Issues in Power Analysis. Computational Procedures.
Stereotypes of Mexican Descent Persons Attitudes of Three Generations of Mexican Americans and Anglo-American Adolescents

Three generations of Mexican American adolescents and Anglo Americans rated persons of Mexican descent living in the United States in terms of both positive and negative stereotypes. In general, Anglo American subjects held significantly less favorable stereotypes of Mexican descent persons than any of the three Mexican American groups. However, a significant linear trend for both positive and negative group stereotypes indicated that with each successive generation (first through third), the stereotypes of Mexican Americans approached the less favorable image held by Anglo Americans. Results are discussed in terms of a two-dimensional model that includes the dual effects of Anglo American prejudice and the degree to which Mexican Americans retain an identification with their traditional culture.
Surgical treatment of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms.

Abstract Background Pancreatic endocrine neoplasia (PEN) is an entity with an indolent course and prolonged survival. The aim of the current study was to review the prognostic factors and outcome of patients with PEN at 1 institution. Methods Records of patients with the diagnosis of PEN in the period of 1980 to 2001 were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and log-rank test were used; significance was defined as P Results Of 49 patients, 25 had functional and 24 nonfunctional tumors. Surgery was performed in 43 patients, 36 with curative intent. With a median follow-up of 31 months, there were 5 deaths. Symptoms were controlled with surgical resection in 86%. Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 46 months; actuarial 5-year disease-specific (DSS) was 72%. Factors associated with better DFS and DSS were absence of liver involvement ( P = .02) and resection of the primary tumor ( P = .04). Conclusions Surgical resection and absence of liver metastases are associated with better DFS and DSS in patients with PEN.
Balanced Deep Matrix Algebras

This paper continues the study of associative and Lie deep matrix algebras, \({\mathcal{DM}}(X,{\mathbb{K}})\) and \({\mathfrak{gld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}})\), and their subalgebras. After a brief overview of the general construction, balanced deep matrix subalgebras, \({\mathcal{BDM}}(X,{\mathbb{K}})\) and \({\mathfrak{bld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}})\), are defined and studied for an infinite set X. The global structures of these two algebras are studied, devising a depth grading on both as well as determining their ideal lattices. In particular, \({\mathfrak{bld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}})\) is shown to be semisimple. The Lie algebra \({\mathfrak{bld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}})\) possesses a deep Cartan decomposition and is locally finite with every finite subalgebra naturally enveloped by a semi-direct product of \({\mathfrak{{sl}_n}}\)’s. We classify all associative bilinear forms on \({\mathfrak{sl}_2\mathfrak{d}}\) (a natural depth analogue of \({\mathfrak{{sl}_2}}\)) and \({\mathfrak{bld}}\).
Does prospective payment reduce inpatient length of stay

A change in payment mechanism for inpatient care from per diem to per episode creates two incentives - a marginal and an average price effect - to change length of stay. The decrease in marginal price per day to zero should reduce the length of stay, while an increase in average price per inpatient stay should increase the length of stay. This study uses data from a natural experiment to estimate both marginal and average price elasticities, and to test whether the length of stay falls after the introduction of prospective payment in a sample of 8509 severely mentally ill patients. We estimate that the marginal price elasticity is zero, but the average price elasticity is between 0.16 and 0.20. The results were generally robust for short- and long stayers, and for persons admitted early and late after the change in payment mechanism. The model controlled for hospital fixed effects and individual random effects.
The intramolecular Schmidt reaction of azides with tertiary alcohols: Synthesis of 5-(α-naphthyl)- and 5-(β-naphthyl)indolizidines as potential dopamine analogs and non-opiate antinociceptive agents

Abstract Intramolecular Schmidt reaction of the azido alcohols 9, 11 , and 12 afforded the 5-naphthylindolizidines 10, 13 , and 14 , respectively. The naphthylmethylamine subunit present in each has an amine and a π-system oriented in a fashion similar to the β-phenethylamine subunit of dopamine and many of its agonists and antagonists. These analogs also closely resemble the bicyclic tertiary amines 8 , which have recently been found to exhibit non-opiate analgesic activity. Testing of 10, 13 , and 14 for dopaminergic activity is described.
Emiliano Zapata!: Revolution and Betrayal in Mexico

Introduction -- The making of a rebel -- The hacendado's revolution -- The birth of Zapatismo -- Victory, in part -- The national challenge -- Political whirlwind -- Decline and betrayal -- The road to Chinameca -- Epilogue and conclusion.
Document clustering via adaptive subspace iteration

Document clustering has long been an important problem in information retrieval. In this paper, we present a new clustering algorithm ASI1 , which uses explicitly modeling of the subspace structure associated with each cluster. ASI simultaneously performs data reduction and subspace identification via an iterative alternating optimization procedure. Motivated from the optimization procedure, we then provide a novel method to determine the number of clusters. We also discuss the connections of ASI with various existential clustering approaches. Finally, extensive experimental results on real data sets show the effectiveness of ASI algorithm.
Leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase-deficient mice show impaired ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection

To investigate the role of 12-lipoxygenase in preconditioning, we examined whether hearts lacking the “leukocyte-type” 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOKO) would be protected by preconditioning. In hearts fro...
A classification of certain maximal subgroups of symmetric groups

Abstract Problem 12.82 of the Kourovka Notebook asks for all ordered pairs ( n , m ) such that the symmetric group S n embeds in S m as a maximal subgroup. One family of such pairs is obtained when m = n + 1 . Kalužnin and Klin [L.A. Kalužnin, M.H. Klin, Certain maximal subgroups of symmetric and alternating groups, Math. Sb. 87 (1972) 91–121] and Halberstadt [E. Halberstadt, On certain maximal subgroups of symmetric or alternating groups, Math. Z. 151 (1976) 117–125] provided an additional infinite family. This paper answers the Kourovka question by producing a third infinite family of ordered pairs and showing that no other pairs exist.
Chess hardware in deep blue

In May 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to defeat a reigning world chess champion in an official match. This article reexamines the special-purpose chess hardware that provided most of Deep Blue's computational power and explores design alternatives made possible by new technologies for similar tasks.
The Persuasive Effects of Message Framing in Organ Donation: The Mediating Role of Psychological Reactance

The effects of message framing on reactions to campaign messages promoting organ donation were examined in three experiments. It was predicted that gain-framed messages would produce more positive reactions toward organ and tissue donation. In Study 1, students (N=189) responded to either a gain-framed or loss-framed message about organ donation. Study 2 (N=318) and Study 3 (N=433) examined the role of psychological reactance as a mediator between framing and reactions. Results indicated an effect for framing across the three studies—specifically, students reading a gain-framed message reported more favorable reactions toward the scripted message and lower psychological reactance. Psychological reactance and perceived manipulative intent were found to mediate the relationship between framing and message reactions.
Why Do Farmers Fail? Farm Bankruptcies 1910–78

Econometric analysis of aggregate time-series farm-sector data suggests that prior to World War II the farm bankruptcy rate appears to be associated with financial risk variables, while postwar data show a strong association with business risk variables. There does not appear to be any evidence that agricultural support payments since World War II have induced, deferred, or reduced farm failures.
On the Use of the Geometric Mean in FDTD Near-to-Far-Field Transformations

Near-to-far-field transformations require the tangential electric and magnetic fields over a surface, which we call the integration boundary. However, the staggered nature of the finite-difference time-domain grid is problematic in that the electric and magnetic fields are not collocated in either space or time. For harmonic transformations, i.e., ones which rely upon a Fourier transform of the time-domain near-fields, one can account for the temporal offset with a simple phase correction in the frequency domain. To account for spatial offsets, previously an arithmetic mean of the time-domain fields to either side of the integration boundary has been used. Here we show that superior results are obtained by instead using a geometric mean of the harmonic fields to either side of the integration boundary.
A Concurrent Dynamic Task Graph

Task graphs are used for scheduling tasks on parallel processors when the tasks have dependencies. If the execution of the program is known ahead of time, then the tasks can be statically and optimally allocated to the processors. If the tasks and task dependencies aren't known ahead of time (the case in some analysts-factor sparse matrix algorithms), then task scheduling must be performed on the fly. We present simple algorithms for a concurrent dynamic-task graph. A processor that needs to execute a new task can query the task graph for a new task, and new tasks can be added to the task graph on the fly. We present several alternatives for allocating tasks for processors and compare their performance.
Dielectric properties of mixtures

Using the "average field approximation," the theory of dielectrics, containing a random concentration of ellipsoidal inclusions of another dielectric material, is extended to include the case of lossy media.
Systematics of Vampyressa and Related Genera of Phyllostomid Bats as Determined by Cytochrome-B Sequences

The phyllostomid bat genus Vampyressa often has been allied with Uroderma, Chiroderma, Platyrrhinus, Vampyrodes, and Mesophylla. However, the relationships among the genera have proven difficult to resolve, and a number of studies have suggested that Vampyressa is not monophyletic. Mesophylla includes a single species, which some taxonomists have placed in Vampyressa and others in the more distantly related genus Ectophylla. Our analysis of sequence data from the cytochrome-b gene (Cytb) gives strong support for Mesophylla being closely related to Vampyressa, rather than Ectophylla. Examination of the Cytb data indicates that Vampyressa pusilla and Mesophylla are members of a lineage distinct from V. bidens and V. brocki. Therefore, we recognize the genus Vampyriscus for V. brocki and V. bidens. Brazilian specimens of V. pusilla are strongly divergent from specimens from elsewhere in Latin America. The degree of genetic distance indicates species-level divergence between these taxa, and supports the recent recognition of Vampyressa thyone for the northern populations.
Equation of state and electrical conductivity of stainless steel.

Warm dense matter is the region in phase space of density and temperature where the thermal, Fermi, and Coulomb energies are approximately equal. The lack of a dominating scale and physical behavior makes it challenging to model the physics to high fidelity. For Sandia, a fundamental understanding of the region is of importance because of the needs of our experimental HEDP programs for high fidelity descriptive and predictive modeling. We show that multi-scale simulations of macroscopic physical phenomena now have predictive capability also for difficult but ubiquitous materials such as stainless steel, a transition metal alloy.
Anomalous 5 2 + States in Se 77 from the Decay of 56-h Br 77

The levels in $^{77}\mathrm{Se}$ from the decay of 56-h $^{77}\mathrm{Br}$ were investigated. From singles measurements of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies and intensities employing a high-resolution Ge(Li) detector, and from coincidence relationships determined in $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements using two Ge(Li) detectors, it was established that levels at 161.9, 238.9, 249.7, 301.1, 439.5, 520.7, 581.2, 682.3, 752.2, 818.2, 824.8, 911.9, 1005.6, and 1187.5 keV are populated in the decay of 56-h $^{77}\mathrm{Br}$. From present $log\mathrm{ft}$ values and $K$-shell conversion coefficients, and from previously reported ($d,p$) and ($d,t$) reaction data, many ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ values were assigned. The level structure of the anomalous ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$ and ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}$ states is compared with recent calculations on the pairing-plus-quadrupole model extended to include higher shell-model orbits, with satisfactory qualitative agreement between experiment and theory.
Latitudinally Weighted Mean Global Ozone 1979-2015

Mean global total ozone is estimated as the latitudinally weighted average of total ozone measured by the TOMS and OMI satellite mounted ozone measurement devices for the periods 1979-1992 and 2005-2015 respectively. The TOMS dataset shows an OLS depletion rate of 0.65 DU per year on average in mean monthly ozone from January 1979 to December 1992. The OMI dataset shows an OLS accretion rate of 0.5 DU per year on average in mean monthly ozone from January 2005 to December 2015. The conflicting and inconsequential OLS trends may be explained in terms of the random variability of nature and violations of OLS assumptions that can create the so called Hurst phenomenon. These findings are inconsistent with the Rowland-Molina theory of ozone destruction by anthropogenic chemical agents because the theory implies continued and dangerous depletion of total ozone on a global scale until the year 2040.
Thirty-Day Readmissions — Truth and Consequences

Under the Affordable Care Act, hospitals with “worse than expected” 30-day readmission rates will be penalized by Medicare. But though a focus on readmissions may have good face validity, the policy attention to 30-day readmissions may be misguided.
Complementary Approaches to the Understanding of Parasitoid Oviposition Decisions

Ovipositing insects face at least four decisions: 1) what hosts to utilize, 2) where to search for them, 3) what clutch size, and 4) what sex ratio to produce on a host. Historically, study of these phenomena has focused on elucidating the proximate causes of observed behaviors. However, as originally outlined by N. Tinbergen, three other “causes” are also important in fully understanding any pattern of behavior. These are ontogenetic, phylogenetic, and ultimate (or natural selection) causes. Here we advocate study of all four types of causation, viewing them as complementary. We then discuss each of the oviposition decisions in light of natural selection theory to illustrate the utility of understanding the selective forces acting on ovipositing females.
Preparation of Magnesium Oxide Nano-particles by Surface Modification Drying

Magnesium hydroxide precipitate was prepared by homogenous precipitation method,using MgCl2·H2O and CO(NH2)2 as raw materials.Before it was calcined to produce magnesium oxide nano-particles,the precipitate was dried to remove its solvent by different methods of surface modification drying.All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope to investigate the effects of drying methods on the morphology and particle size of nano-scale magnesia.Principle of surface modification drying and action of modifiers were discussed.The results indicate that magnesium oxide nano-particles obtained by different surface modification drying processes are with almost same particle diameters of 20 nm to 30 nm and a great difference in agglomeration state.
The analysis of heart rate variability during sleep in the children with myocarditis

Objective To study heart rate variability(HRV)during night sleep in children with myocarditis.Methods The HRVs of 44 children with myocarditis and 60 normal children were monitered at night and in 24 hours.Results The children with myocarditis had higher heart rate,lower HRV,lower SDNN than the normal children;minimum and average heart rate in the children with myocarditis is higher than the normal ones,while the 24 hour maximum heart rate of the children with myocarditis did not differ from the normal ones.Conclusions The HRV of children with myocarditis is lower than normal children at night,a time period free of influence of emotion and activity in the daytime,and thus provides more reliable data.
Free Choice Nominals and Free Choice Disjunction: the Identity Thesis

The main point of this chapter is the thesis that free choice (FC) effects such as those in (1) constitute a unitary phenomenon empirically, and call for a uniform explanation conceptually. I will also argue that such a unified explanation is possible within an alternative-based framework.
Human Solutions for Locomotion II. Interlimb Coordination

Interlimb coordination is presented as a temporal and phase relationship between peak hip extension (HE) in one limb and (1) peak hip extension in the contralateral limb (LHE to RHE), and (2) peak shoulder flexion (SF) and extension (SE) in both the homolateral (e.g., LHE to LSF) and the diagonal (e.g., LHE to RSE) limbs. In the normal subjects studied, a cycle-by-cycle analysis of a series of strides at various rates of free walking reveals an abrupt shift of the frequency relationship between the motion of upper and lower limbs from 1:1 to 2:1 at approximately 0.75 Hz. This relation persists through the complete range of slow frequencies investigated (i.e., 0.5 – 0.75 Hz). The commonly observed characteristics of in-phase coupling between the homo-lateral HE-SF and the diagonal HE-SE limbs and of alternate phase coupling between both upper limbs are altered at frequencies below 0.75 Hz. At these rhythms, HE couples in-phase with homolateral SE and remains coupled in-phase with the diagonal SE. Thus, below 0.75 Hz, each hip extensor peak during a stride cycle is “locked” to SE bilaterally. The analysis of shoulder motion and associated EMG discharges (e.g., M. posterior deltoid, M. anterior deltoid) indicates that each muscle may change its functional role when the rhythm of upper limb motion is altered. Additional investigation of muscle function suggests that one or more muscles with common segmental innervation have differing functional activities during the gait cycle, activities that vary in accordance with the tactics and strategies employed.
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

The hormones of the thyroid gland exert important effects on growth and development including early effects on the development of the central nervous system (CNS), regulation of temperature, and influences on metabolism. Disorders of the thyroid gland are common forms of endocrine disease in childhood and the primary care provider will definitely encounter some of these.
Highly Stable and Sensitive Nucleic Acid Amplification and Cell-Phone-Based Readout

Key challenges with point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid tests include achieving a low-cost, portable form factor, and stable readout, while also retaining the same robust standards of benchtop lab-based tests. We addressed two crucial aspects of this problem, identifying a chemical additive, hydroxynaphthol blue, that both stabilizes and significantly enhances intercalator-based fluorescence readout of nucleic acid concentration, and developing a cost-effective fiber-optic bundle-based fluorescence microplate reader integrated onto a mobile phone. Using loop-mediated isothermal amplification on lambda DNA we achieve a 69-fold increase in signal above background, 20-fold higher than the gold standard, yielding an overall limit of detection of 25 copies/μL within an hour using our mobile-phone-based platform. Critical for a point-of-care system, we achieve a >60% increase in fluorescence stability as a function of temperature and time, obviating the need for manual baseline correction or secondary calibration ...
Non-existence of two types of partial difference sets

Abstract In this note we prove the non-existence of two types of partial difference sets in Abelian groups of order 216 . This completes the classification of parameters for which a partial difference set of size at most 100 exists in an Abelian group.
Upgrade Rate and Imaging Features of Atypical Apocrine Lesions.

The purpose of our work was to identify imaging features of atypical apocrine lesions and determine the rate of upgrade to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma at excision after such a diagnosis on percutaneous breast biopsy. From January 1, 2006, through October 8, 2013, a total of 33,157 breast core biopsies were performed at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Of those, 58 (0.2%) showed atypical apocrine lesions. For 24, atypical apocrine adenosis (AAA) or atypical apocrine metaplasia (AAM) was the only risk lesion, with no known ipsilateral malignancy, and the results of excision were available. The median patient age was 58 years (range 43-88). Among 24 atypical apocrine lesions (20 AAA and 4 AAM), four (16.7%; 95% confidence interval: 4.7, 37.4) were upgraded at excision: one invasive ductal carcinoma (grade 2, 0.2 cm, estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor positive, HER2/Neu negative) and three DCIS (two grade 3, one grade 2). All four upgraded lesions were AAA (20%; 4/20). Twelve AAA were seen as an irregular (n = 9) or circumscribed (n = 3) mass on ultrasound; three masses had calcifications. Six of 20 (30%) AAA were seen on biopsy of calcifications only and calcifications were within two AAA lesions at histopathology. One AAA (1/20, 5%) was asymmetry only, and one (1/20, 5%) a persistently enhancing MR focus. All four malignancies were masses on ultrasound (three irregular, one circumscribed), and three malignancies had calcifications (two coarse heterogeneous, one amorphous). While concordant with an irregular or circumscribed mass on imaging, with or without amorphous or coarse heterogeneous calcifications, AAA merits excision with a 20% upgrade rate to malignancy. Further study of AAM is warranted.
Spatially concentrated renovation activity and housing appreciation in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin

This article examines the relationship between renovation activity and housing prices in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and whether the spatial distribution of renovation activity matters for housing apprec...
Chapter Six – Cerenkov Imaging

Cerenkov luminescence (CL) has been used recently in a plethora of medical applications like imaging and therapy with clinically relevant medical isotopes. The range of medical isotopes used is fairly large and expanding. The generation of in vivo light is useful since it circumvents depth limitations for excitation light. Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is much cheaper in terms of infrastructure than positron emission tomography (PET) and is particularly useful for imaging of superficial structures. Imaging can basically be done using a sensitive camera optimized for low-light conditions, and it has a better resolution than any other nuclear imaging modality. CLI has been shown to effectively diagnose disease with regularly used PET isotope (18F-FDG) in clinical setting. Cerenkov luminescence tomography, Cerenkov luminescence endoscopy, and intraoperative Cerenkov imaging have also been explored with positive conclusions expanding the current range of applications. Cerenkov has also been used to improve PET imaging resolution since the source of both is the radioisotope being used. Smart imaging agents have been designed based on modulation of the Cerenkov signal using small molecules and nanoparticles giving better insight of the tumor biology.
Management of Large-Volume Subperiosteal Abscesses of the Orbit: Medical vs Surgical Outcomes.

ObjectivesTo compare clinical variables and outcomes for children with subperiosteal abscesses of the orbit (SPAO) managed medically vs surgically to identify clinical prognosticators.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary children’s academic institution.Subjects and MethodsThe study included 48 children between the age of 1 month and 14 years, with SPAO from 2003 to 2013. Variables included age, sex, physical examination findings, laboratory results, computed tomography (CT) findings, hospital length of stay, length of antibiotic therapy, and placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Intended methods for comparison were the Student t test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, and a forward stepwise multiple logistic regression.ResultsThirty-two (67%) children were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy only, and 16 (33%) required surgery. Abscess volume, abscess width, and the presence of gaze restriction were statisticall...
Ruthenium hydride catalyzed silylvinylation of terminal alkynes under ethylene atmosphere at 80 psi

The development of methods for the stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted 1,3-dienes is a challenge to synthetic chemistry. Herein is reported a selective approach for the synthesis of polysubstituted 1,3-dienes using the ruthenium hydride catalyzed intramolecular silylvinylation of alkynes under 80 psi of ethylene gas. This strategy affords a single diene isomer, is applicable to substrates with aryl and alkyl substitution at the propargyl and homopropargyl positions, and has been utilized in the synthesis of 5- and 6-membered oxasilacycles.
Improvisational Theater Games: Performatory Team-building Activities

This article describes five improvisational theater games for building “teams” in the classroom and on the sports field. Particular attention is given to understanding how teams must challenge the ...
Mitigating Process Variability for Non-Volatile Cache Resilience and Yield

While inclusion of emerging technology-based Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) devices in on-chip memory subsystems offers excellent potential for energy savings and scalability, their sensing vulnerability creates Process Variation (PV) challenges. This paper presents a circuit-architecture cross-layer solution to realize a radically-different approach to leveraging as-built variations via specific Sense Amplifier (SA) design and use. This novel approach, referred to as a Self-Organized Sub-bank (SOS) design, assigns the preferred SA to each Sub-Bank (SB) based on a PV assessment, resulting in energy consumption reduction and increased read access reliability. To improve the PV immunity of SAs, two reliable and power efficient SAs, called the Merged SA (MSA) and the Adaptive SA (ASA) are introduced herein for use in the SOS scheme. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic PV and energy-aware cache block migration policy that utilizes mixed SRAM and STT-MRAM banks in Last Level Cache (LLC) to maximize the SOS bandwidth. Our experimental results indicate that SOS can alleviate the sensing vulnerability by 89 percent on average, which significantly reduces the risk of application contamination by fault propagation. Furthermore, in the light of the proposed block migration policy, write performance is improved by 12.4 percent on average compared to the STT-MRAM-only design.
USE OF IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION HISTOCHEMISTRY TO ANALYZE GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN INDIVIDUAL CEllS

Recent evidence from a variety of laboratories has shown that there is a coupling between the physiological stimulation of release of a peptide hormone and transcription of the gene encoding that peptide hormone. Although the exact mechanism of this coupling is unclear, it is believed that a product of the metabolic cascade elicited upon activation of plasma membrane receptors by catecholamines or peptide hormones is subsequently able to directly influence the rates of transcription of specific genes within the nucleus, including the genes encoding secreted proteins. We have studied the rat pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene, which encodes the precursor protein to the pituitary peptide hormones ACTH, beta-endorphin, and melanotropin (1). Although the same POMC gene is expressed in both the intermediate and anterior lobes of the rat pituitary, a large body of evidence has now demonstrated that POMC peptide secretion and gene expression is regulated by different factors in these two distinct cell types. For example, hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) positively regulates POMC secretion and gene transcription in anterior lobe corticotrophs, but is much less effective in regulating intermediate lobe melanotrophs (2–4). Glucocorticoids, whose production from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by ACTH, inhibit POMC transcription and secretion in the corticotroph, but have no effect on the melanotroph (5, 6).
Tumors and approaches to the lateral ventricles. Introduction and overview.

There are a variety of tumors that arise within the lateral ventricles and they present a unique surgical challenge. These lesions commonly are benign and because they frequently are slowly expanding and cause nonspecific symptoms they can grow to a large size before they reach medical attention. This report presents an introduction to and an overview of the problems caused by lateral ventricular tumors and summarizes the author's experience in the evaluation and management of these lesions. The most consistent neurological problems associated with lateral ventricular tumors are cognitive impairments commonly associated with hydrocephalus. Consequently, effective management not only requires successful surgical therapy, but also returning the patient to normal neurological and cognitive function. Recognition of these problems and minimizing further injury are the best methods of providing for an optimal outcome.
Mechanisms for Joint Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): from Cytokines to Central Sensitization.

Pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be due to different etiologies, ranging from peripheral inflammation to dysregulation of central nervous system (CNS) processing. This review evaluates relevant literature published on RA pain mechanisms in recent years. Despite successes of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), pain persists for many RA patients. Studies involving patient-reported outcomes, quantitative sensory testing, and neuroimaging indicate that, in addition to joint inflammation, abnormalities in CNS pain processing may contribute to pain. Some DMARDs (e.g., janus kinus inhibitors) may work via multiple pathways to decrease pain. Adjunctive treatments (e.g., antidepressants, antiepileptics) may also be useful in managing pain in RA patients with well-controlled disease. Both peripheral and central mechanisms play key roles in the expression of pain in RA. To effectively manage pain, physicians need accurate assessment tools to identify the pathways involved in each patient so that treatments may be appropriately targeted.
Single-Event Latchup Measurements on Wireless and Powerline Network Communication Devices for Use in Mars Missions

This paper reports recent single-event latchup results for a variety of microelectronic devices that include Wireless and Powerline Network Communication devices. The data were collected to evaluate these devices for possible use in NASA Mars missions.
Incommensurability, types of phenomena and relevant incompatibility (part I)

Although incommensurability between theories has been object of study during many years, there does not seem to be a clear consensus regarding the notion of meaning according to which it should be characterised. Based on the notion of incommensurability proposed here, the common ground between incommensurable theories is neither determined by the sense nor by the reference of the relevant terms, but by a given phenomenon type, which fixes the subject matter of inquiry. Phenomenon types are understood as expressions that are associated with some phenomenon and describable or understandable in some language. In this proposal, two theories can refer to a same phenomenon type even if they are mutually incommensurable about the concepts used in them to grasp it. This possibility may serve as a way of fixing the subject matter of an investigation and, thus, to characterise the common ground between incommensurable paths of inquiry, offering also a strategy to solve some remaining problems associated with realism and scientific progress.
Fatal crash between a car operating with automated control systems and a tractor-semitrailer truck.

Objective The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the interaction between an SAE level 2 automated vehicle and the driver, including the limitations imposed by the vehicle on the driver. Methods A case study of the first fatal crash involving a vehicle operating with an automated control system was performed using scene evidence, vehicle damage, and recorded data available from the vehicle, and information from both drivers, including experience, phone records, computer systems, and medical information, was reviewed. Results System performance data downloaded from the car indicated that the driver was operating it using the Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer lane-keeping systems, which are automated vehicle control systems within Tesla's Autopilot suite. As the car crested the hill, a tractor trailer began its left turn onto a crossing roadway. Although reconstruction of the crash determined that there was sufficient sight distance for both drivers to see each other and take action, neither responded to the circumstances leading to the collision. Further, based on the speeds of the vehicles and simulations of the truck's path, the car driver had at least 10.4 s to detect the truck and take evasive action. Neither the car driver nor the Autopilot system changed the vehicle's velocity. At the time of the crash, the system performance data indicated that the last driver interaction with the system was 1 min 51 s prior when the cruise control speed was set to 74 mph. The driver was operating the vehicle using the Autopilot system for 37 of the 41 min in the last trip. During this period, the vehicle detected the driver's hands on the steering wheel for a total of 25 s; each time his hands were detected on the wheel was preceded by a visual alert or auditory warning. Conclusions The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of the Williston, Florida, crash was the truck driver's failure to yield the right of way to the car, combined with the car driver's inattention due to overreliance on vehicle automation, which resulted in the car driver's lack of reaction to the presence of the truck. Contributing to the car driver's overreliance on the vehicle automation was the car's operational design, which permitted the driver's prolonged disengagement from the driving task and his use of the automation in ways inconsistent with guidance and warnings from the manufacturer.
Synthesis of BaAl2Si2O8 from solid Ba–Al–Al2O3–SiO2 precursors: Part III. The structure of BaAl2Si2O8 formed by annealing at ≤650 °C and at 1650 °C

Analytical TEM and HREM have been used to examine the structure of BaAl2Si2O8 crystals produced within oxidized Ba–Al–Al2O3–SiO2 precursors upon annealing: (i) at ≤650 °C and (ii) up to 1650 °C. A BaAl2Si2O8 polymorph with a c-axis parameter of 15.6 A was detected after annealing at ≤650 °C. Stacking faults and antiphase boundaries were detected within this polymorph after the 650 °C treatment. After a 15 h heat treatment at 1650 °C, convergent beam diffraction patterns and HREM confirmed that the predominant phase was β–hexacelsian. Although antiphase boundaries were absent in the β–hexacelsian crystals, dislocations and stacking faults were detected after the 1650 °C anneal. The generation of defects in BaAl2Si2O8 crystals within specimens annealed at ≤650 °C and at 1650 °C is discussed in light of prior structural analyses.