cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hausdorff Voronoi Diagram of Point Clusters in the Plane

We study the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram of point clusters in the plane, a generalization ofVoronoi diagrams based on the Hausdorff distance function. We derive a tight combinatorial bound on the structural complexity of this diagram and present a plane sweep algorithm for its construction. In particular, we show that the size of the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram is Θ(n + m), where n is the number of points on the convex hulls of the given clusters, and m is the number of crucial supporting segments between pairs of crossing clusters. The plane sweep algorithm generalizes the standard plane sweep paradigm for the construction of Voronoi diagrams with the ability to handle disconnected Hausdorff Voronoi regions. The Hausdorff Voronoi diagram finds direct application in the problem of computing the critical area of a VLSI layout, a measure reflecting the sensitivity of the VLSI design to spot defects during manufacturing.
Relative Orbit Element Estimation for Satellite Navigation

In this paper a preliminary study on the estimation of Relative Orbit Elements from measured data is described. Range, azimuth and elevation measurements are processed to yield estimates of the Relative Orbit Elements that describe the shape of the relative orbit trajectories.
Registration of 'Ripper' Wheat

Ripper' (Reg. No. CV-1016, PI 644222) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2006 through an exclusive marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University, USDA-ARS researchers in Manhattan, KS, and St. Paul, MN, participated in the development of Ripper. Ripper was selected from the cross CO940606/TAM107R-2 made in 1996 at Fort Collins, CO. CO940606 is an unreleased sib-selection of KS94WGRC29 (PI 586954), a germplasm release from Kansas State University with the pedigree PI 220127/P5//'TAM-200'/KS87H66, while TAM107R-2 is an unreleased sib-selection of the hard red winter wheat cultivar Prairie Red (PI 605390). Ripper was selected as an F 3:4 line (F 3 -derived line in the F 4 generation) in 2000 and assigned experimental line number CO00016. Ripper was released because of its superior grain yield performance under nonirrigated production in eastern Colorado and superior milling and bread-baking quality.
Transient Condensation on Insulating Substrates for Cryogenic Application

During the initial stages of the pressurized-discharge process of a cryogenic liquid from a container, the consumption of pressurant is high. This results from an initially high rate of condensation of pressurant on the colder internal surfaces of the container including the liquid-gas interface. To alleviate this condition and to effect an over-all reduction in the consumption of pressurant gas, it has been proposed to line the inside surfaces of such containers with a low-density, insulating material. An example of such an installation is provided by Scott [1]. The liquid-gas interface could be covered in a similar manner (with a singly-or multiply-connected, floating piston). The purpose of such an installation is to provide an interface between pressurant and the interior which would possess characteristics of rapid thermal response.
Common Law Constraints: Whose Common Good Counts?

This working paper for a conference, held at the Cambridge Centre for Public Law in January 2008, between the Court of Appeal's judgment in Bancoult (No. 2) and the hearing of the appeal in July 2008, argues that the Court of Appeal judgments err in their handling of (a) the context and purport of the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865, (b) the location of the Crown in the undivided realm comprising the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories (a matter mishandled by the majority of the Lords in Quark Fishing (2006), (c) the common good legitimately in view in the making of the prerogative legislation - regulating immigration to the British Indian Ocean Territory - overturned in Bancoult (No. 2).
Wave-particle duality of a photon in single-emission process

Can spontaneous emission in different directions from a molecule be brought to interfere with each other? Does a photon in emission behave both particlelike and wavelike as a photon in propagation does? Or more specifically, if the atom in Fig. 1 is emitting one photon at a time, do we expect to see an interference at an output of the beam splitter?
Positive Expectations Regarding Aging Linked to More New Friends in Later Life

Author(s): Menkin, Josephine A; Robles, Theodore F; Gruenewald, Tara L; Tanner, Elizabeth K; Seeman, Teresa E | Abstract: ObjectivesNegative perceptions of aging can be self-fulfilling prophecies, predicting worse cognitive and physical outcomes. Although older adults are portrayed as either lonely curmudgeons or perfect grandparents, little research addresses how perceptions of aging relate to social outcomes. We considered whether more positive expectations about aging encourage older adults to maintain or bolster their social network connections and support.MethodThis study examined baseline, 12-, and 24-month questionnaire data from the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial, a longitudinal randomized volunteer intervention for adults aged 60 years and older. The associations between expectations regarding aging and different types of social support were tested using negative binomial and multiple regression models controlling for relevant covariates such as baseline levels of perceived support availability.ResultsParticipants with more positive expectations at baseline made more new friends 2 years later and had greater overall perceived support availability 12 months later. Notably, only participants with at least average perceived support availability at baseline showed an association between expectations and later support availability.DiscussionThese results are the first to link overall expectations regarding aging to the social domain and suggest that the influence of perceptions of aging is not limited to physical or cognitive function.
Structure and Dissociation of 15° Tilt Boundaries in Germanium

The structure and dissociation of grain boundaries in Ge bicrystals, grown by the Czochralski method, have been analyzed by visible light and transmission electron microscopy. The seed crystals were oriented to yield either a symmetric or an asymmetric grain boundary plane with a 15° rotation about a common direction. The asymmetric boundary, with a {111} boundary plane, dissociated along most of its length into a first order twin boundary (Σ 3) and a symmetric 55° grain boundary (Σ 41c). The symmetric 15° boundary is composed of an array of Lomer dislocations. Contrary to theoretical predictions, this boundary is stable.
Use of Multilure-baited Traps in the California Dutch Elm Disease Program for Survey and Detection of Scolytus multistrialus

Dutch elm disease (OED) has been recorded in California since August of 1975. The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDF A). having found the disease in Sonoma, Napa, and Santa Clara Counties in that year, undertook the task of combating the disease in California.
Real-time Bi-directional 10GbE transmission using MIMO-less space-division-multiplexing with spatial modes

Bi-directional transmission using MIMO-less space-division-multiplexing with spatial modes is experimentally demonstrated. 10GbE real-time data-streams are bi-directionally transmitted error-free (<-22.0dB mode crosstalk) using LP01↔LP11° and LP11°↔LP11e modes over a 0.5km, elliptical-core, few-mode optical fiber full-duplex.
Insulin stimulation of glucose uptake fails to decrease palmitate oxidation in muscle if AMPK is activated

Fatty acid oxidation in muscle has been reported to be diminished when insulin and glucose levels are elevated. This study was designed to determine whether activation of AMP-activated protein kina...
Creating and Sharing Packages

How many third-party packages do you regularly use in your projects? Packages like jQuery, Twitter Bootstrap, AngularJS, and NHibernate are very popular and come from a variety of third-party developers and companies. Microsoft is using more and more Open Source for its own projects. ASP.NET MVC, Web API, Roslyn, Entity Framework, and various extensions and utilities for Team Services are some of the projects that Microsoft hosts on GitHub. And of course you probably have some projects of your own that you reuse or share with other projects inside your organization. But how do you keep track of all these shared components? And what's the best way to be able to share code and use third-party components but still have an effective way of managing which packages you use? That's what this chapter is about. You will learn about the Package Management feature that Team Services offers. You'll create your own package and share it with your team using these features.
Supercomputing in plain English: keynote address

Dr. Henry Neeman is the Director of the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) and an adjunct professor in the School of Computer Science at the University of Oklahoma (OU). He received his BS in Computer Science and his BA in Statistics with a minor in Mathematics from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1987, his MS in CS from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1990 and his PhD in CS from UIUC in 1996.
Left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Processing of Words and Sentences

Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) has been implicated in a variety of verbal and nonverbal tasks. In this chapter, we review the literature on VLPFC’s involvement in the processing of words and sentences in comprehension and production. In so doing, we compare a number of semantic and syntactic accounts proposed to explain the role of this region. We conclude that the sum total of the empirical evidence points to VLPFC’s role in biasing competition between alternative representations during selection.
A CMOS integrated rectenna for implantable applications

A fully-integrated rectenna with a chip area of 0.43 mm2 is designed for ISM 915 MHz band for battery-less ultra-low-power body implantable applications. The circuit is implemented in GlobalFoundries 45 nm CMOS SOI technology and is based on a miniaturized slot antenna integrated with a novel full-wave cross-coupled bridge rectifier design that facilitates low turn-on voltage and very low leakage current. When excited by a 0.95 GHz signal through a horn antenna with an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 36 dBm, the rectenna provides more than 50 µW of DC power and a rectified DC voltage of higher than 1 V at distances below 16 cm. Power harvesting increases to 1.44 mW at distances below 2 cm. The device provides 1 V / 50 µW DC power when placed under a 1 cm thick chicken breast tissue at distances of up to 4 cm, while powered from 36 dBm EIRP transmitting antenna.
TiN Metal Hardmask Etch Residues Removal with AlN Etch

A wet cleaning formulation with tunable AlN etch rate approach was developed. The formula is compatible with Cu, Co and low-k materials, is able to remove etch residues and does not contain fluoride.
Sensitivity enhancement of traveling wave MRI using free local resonators: an experimental demonstration.

BACKGROUND Traveling wave MR uses the far fields in signal excitation and reception, therefore its acquisition efficiency is low in contrast to the conventional near field magnetic resonance (MR). Here we show a simple and efficient method based on the local resonator to improving sensitivity of traveling wave MR technique. The proposed method utilizes a standalone or free local resonator to amplify the radio frequency magnetic fields in the interested target. The resonators have no wire connections to the MR system and thus can be conveniently placed to any place around imaging simples. METHODS A rectangular loop L/C resonator to be used as the free local resonator was tuned to the proton Larmor frequency at 7T. Traveling wave MR experiments with and without the wireless free local resonator were performed on a living rat using a 7T whole body MR scanner. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or sensitivity of the images acquired was compared and evaluated. RESULTS In vivo 7T imaging results show that traveling wave MR with a wireless free local resonator placed near the head of a living rat achieves at least 10-fold SNR gain over the images acquired on the same rat using conventional traveling wave MR method, i.e. imaging with no free local resonators. CONCLUSIONS The proposed free local resonator technique is able to enhance the MR sensitivity and acquisition efficiency of traveling wave MR at ultrahigh fields in vivo. This method can be a simple solution to alleviating low sensitivity problem of traveling wave MRI.
A multi-rate distributed estimation and control algorithm for large scale processes

Abstract A multi-rate distributed and decentralized approach to state estimation and control is developed for large scale processes. The decentralized and scalable form of the Kalman filter algorithm is formulated for multi-rate sampled-data systems. The decentralized LQG control methodology is implemented in a simulation environment using appropriate tools for distributed computation.
Polarization-selective infrared bandpass filter based on a two-layer subwavelength metallic grating

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a polarization-selective infrared bandpass filter based on a two-layer subwavelength metallic grating for use in polarimetric imaging. Gold nanowires were deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) onto a silicon surface relief grating that was patterned using electron beam lithography (EBL) and fabricated using standard silicon processing techniques. Optical characterization with a broad-spectrum tungsten halogen light source and a grating spectrometer showed normalized peak TM transmission of 53% with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 122 nm, which was consistent with rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulations. Simulation results suggested that device operation relied on suppression of the TM transmission caused by surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation at the gold-silicon interface and an increase in TM transmission caused by a Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance in the cavity between the gratings. TE rejection occurred at the initial air/gold interface. We also present simulation results of an improved design based on a two-dielectric grating where two different SPP resonances allowed us to improve the shape of the passband by suppressing the side lobes. This newer design resulted in improved side-band performance and increased peak TM transmission.
What are patient navigators doing, for whom, and where? A national survey evaluating the types of services provided by patient navigators.

Objective A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to assess patient navigator, patient population, and work setting characteristics associated with performance of various patient navigation (PN) tasks.
Use of Mindfulness or Self-Hypnosis Provides Immediate Pain Relief to Hospitalized Patients.

Compared with psychoeducation, a single 15-minute session of training in mindfulness or self-hypnosis leads to greater immediate pain relief for hospitalized patients with at least moderate pain at baseline.
You can always get what you want: why religious organizations opposed the employment equality directive

The Employment Equality Directive expands protections for, among others, gays and lesbians from discriminatory employment practices. This directive has been implemented poorly in Ireland, the UK, and Germany, because religious organizations believed their core ideological and material interests were threatened by extending these protections, even though degrees of policy fit vary among all three countries. Furthermore, the European Commission’s enforcement measures have not been effective in securing compliance. The European Commission has permitted noncompliance to continue in Ireland and the UK. Only change in the partisan make-up of the government led to compliance. This article speaks to ongoing debates about the causes of noncompliance with European Union law and how religious groups, not often considered in the scholarly literature, are now trying to limit the effects of European integration
Obesity: Pathophysiology and Management.

Obesity continues to be among the top health concerns across the globe. Despite our failure to contain the high prevalence of obesity, we now have a better understanding of its pathophysiology, and how excess adiposity leads to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification is recommended as the cornerstone of obesity management, but many patients do not achieve long-lasting benefits due to difficulty with adherence as well as physiological and neurohormonal adaptation of the body in response to weight loss. Fortunately, 5 drug therapies-orlistat, lorcaserin, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion-are available for long-term weight management. Additionally, several medical devices are available for short-term and long-term use. Bariatric surgery yields substantial and sustained weight loss with resolution of type 2 diabetes, although due to the high cost and a small risk of serious complications, it is generally recommended for patients with severe obesity. Benefit-to-risk balance should guide treatment decisions.
But spell checker always corrects witch words eye misspelled: Spell checker use among good and poor spellers

The present study examined spell checker software for both spelling recognition and production among college students. Sixty-four participants identified and corrected spelling in a prewritten story and produced spelling by writing a story. Both were completed with or without spell checker access. Results demonstrated differences between the performance of good and poor spellers (as defined using a baseline spelling test). When compared to good spellers, poor spellers corrected a greater percentage of spelling errors with spell checker than without. Spell checker helped all participants produce fewer spelling errors, but not fewer homophone errors. Additionally, more often than good spellers, poor spellers reported placing less effort into spelling words correctly when using spell checker. These findings suggest that poor spellers may have a greater need for spell checker than good spellers, and may be at a greater risk for relying on the software as the only step in the proofreading process.
Distribution Function of Statistics and Hypothesis Testing

Every quantity that is estimated from the data, such as the mean or the variance of a Gaussian variable, is subject to statistical fluctuations of the measurements. For this reason, they are referred to as a statistics. If a different sample of measurements is collected, statistical fluctuations will certainly give rise to a different set of measurements, even if the experiments are performed under the same conditions. The use of different data samples to measure the same statistic results in the determination of the sampling distribution of the statistic, to describe what is the expected range of values for that quantity. In this chapter we derive the distribution of a few fundamental statistics that play a central role in data analysis, such as the χ 2 statistic. The distribution of each statistic can be used for a variety of tests, including the acceptance or rejection of the fit to a model, as explained in later chapters.
Creature of Habit or Embracer of Change? Contrasting Consumer Daily Food Behavior with the Tourism Scenario:

This research investigates tourist food consumption patterns and food choice motives while on trips, in comparison to their food behavior in the everyday life scenario. The results suggest that con...
Occupation Mobility, Human Capital and the Aggregate Consequences of Task-Biased Innovations

We construct a dynamic general equilibrium model with occupation mobility, human capital accumulation and endogenous assignment of workers to tasks to quantitatively assess the aggregate impact of automation and other task-biased technological innovations. We extend recent quantitative general equilibrium Roy models to a setting with dynamic occupational choices and human capital accumulation. We provide a set of conditions for the problem of workers to be written in recursive form and provide a sharp characterization for the optimal mobility of individual workers and for the aggregate supply of skills across occupations. We craft our dynamic Roy model in a production setting where multiple tasks within occupations are assigned to workers or machines. We solve for the balanced-growth path and characterize the aggregate transitional dynamics ensuing task-biased technological innovations. In our quantitative analysis of the impact of task-biased innovations in the U.S. since 1980, we find that they account for an increased aggregate output in the order of 75% and for a much higher dispersion in earnings. If the U.S. economy had higher barriers to mobility, it would have experienced less job polarization but substantially higher inequality and lower output as occupation mobility has provided an "escape" for the losers from automation.
Effects of Short-Term Dried Plum (Prune) Intake on Markers of Bone Resorption and Vascular Function in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are global health burdens, with postmenopausal women being at great risk. Dried plums/prunes (DPs) have been reported to provide bone health benefit...
Fukaya $A_{\infty}$-structures associated to Lefschetz fibrations. IV 1/2

We consider the Fukaya-Floer $A_\infty$-structures arising from a basis of thimbles in a Lefschetz fibration. Particular attention is paid to the relation between these structures in the total space of the fibration, and their counterparts in the fibre.
Higher aliphatic aldehyde polymers, VII: poly(n-decaldehyde)

n-Decaldehyde (DA) was polymerized to crystalline poly(n-decaldehyde) (PDA) of reasonable molecular weight in methylcyclohexane (MCH) solvent with lithiumtert-butoxide (LTB) as the initiator under carefully controlled temperature conditions. The polyacetal structure ofPDA was established by IR and PMR spectroscopy as well as by the characteristic degradation of the polymer in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.PDA had the dual melting behavior typical of aliphatic polyaldehydes with four or more side chain carbon atoms. The DSC scans of crystallinePDA in the first, or side chain, transition region showed as many as three endothermic peaks between 45 and 65°C. The X-ray diffraction pattern of crystalline PDA was similar to that which had been observed for other polyaldehydes but with a larger unit cell.PDA was extruded at 53°C in a capillary rheometer and gave a filament whose X-ray diffraction pattern indicated medium orientation effects.
Acute and Chronic Infection Management in CF

CFTR protein malfunction results in thick, copious mucus, causes poor mucociliary clearance and, ultimately, structural lung damage such as bronchiectasis. All of these manifestations of cystic fibrosis contribute to a rich milieu for lower respiratory pathogens in patients affected by the disease. CF patients are, therefore, highly susceptible to chronic colonization with many pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They are also uniquely prone to acute infections with respiratory pathogens, which tend to persist longer and cause more impairment in lung function than in patients without CF. Tailored strategies for managing infectious complications of CF patients include chronic prophylactic antibiotics, use of systemic as well as inhaled antibiotics, mechanical assistance with mucus clearance, and scrupulous infection control measures.
Predictors of overall and test-specific colorectal Cancer screening adherence.

Abstract This study investigated predictors of overall and test-specific colorectal cancer screening (CRCS). Stool blood test (SBT) and/or colonoscopy screening were offered to primary care patients in two randomized controlled trials which assessed the impact of behavioral interventions on screening. Data were obtained through surveys and electronic medical records. Among 1942 participants, 646 (33%) screened. Exposure to interventions was associated with higher overall CRCS by twofold to threefold; older age, African American race, being married, and having a higher screening decision stage were also associated with higher overall CRCS (odds ratios = 1.30, 1.31, 1.34, and 5.59, respectively). Intervention, older age, female gender, and being married were associated with higher SBT adherence, while preference for colonoscopy was associated with lower SBT adherence. Intervention and higher decision stage were associated with higher colonoscopy adherence, while preference for SBT was associated with lower colonoscopy adherence. Among older individuals, African Americans had higher overall CRCS than whites, but this was not true among younger individuals (interaction p = .041). The higher screening adherence of African Americans over whites was due to stronger screening with a non-preferred test, i.e., higher SBT adherence only among individuals who preferred colonoscopy and higher colonoscopy adherence only among individuals who preferred SBT. Intervention exposure, sociodemographic background, and screening decision stage predicted overall CRCS adherence. Gender and test preference also affected test-specific screening adherence. Interactions involving race and test preference suggest that it is important to provide both colonoscopy and SBT screening options to patients, particularly African Americans.
Trends and Characteristics of CDC Global Rapid Response Team Deployments—A 6-Month Report, October 2018–March 2019:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) was launched in June 2015 to strengthen the capacity for international response and to provide an agency-wide ...
Effect of upstream re-sequencing in controlling cycle time performance of batch processors

Dynamic control of batch processor using near-future arrival information.Decision on waiting for future arrival or start a partial batch.Consider re-sequencing of jobs upstream while waiting to improve cycle time.New look-ahead batch control strategy using a rolling horizon decision making.Application in wafer fabrication and other systems with serial and batch processing. This paper demonstrates the effect of incorporating upstream sequence decisions in the cycle time control of batch processors. The focus is on dynamic control of a batch processor where near-future arrival information is available by predicting the process times on its upstream processor. In a particular decision point, the dynamic control task is to decide whether to start the batch process with one of the available product types immediately or to wait for future arrivals coming from the upstream processor. While considering a wait decision alternative, a re-sequencing approach at the upstream processor is proposed to shorten the arrival time of the desired product. Combining this architecture with a rolling horizon decision making, we propose a new look-ahead batch control strategy. A serial-batch processor system that is typical in wafer fabrication is modeled to demonstrate the approach. Simulation based benchmarking shows promising results.
Random vs. Deterministic Cutoff Audit Policy: The Case of Risk Averse Taxpayers

Previous work in the income tax compliance literature has generally assumed risk neutral taxpayers and established the revenue-maximizing audit policy takes the cutoff form and is deterministic in nature. But if taxpayers are risk averse, a random audit policy can save auditing costs and still induce (partial) compliance. I assume that taxpayers have logarithmic utility functions over net income and focus attention on the uniformly random audit rule. Under the optimal random policy, every income type underreports by a certain amount, but reported income strictly increases with true income. Moreover, for some classes of problems, the random policy is more lucrative than the cutoff policy.
Psychosocial features associated with lifetime comorbidity of major depression and anxiety disorders among a community sample of mid-life women: the SWAN mental health study.

Comorbidity between major depression and anxiety disorders is common.[1–3] In the US National Comorbidity Survey, 59.2% of individuals reporting a lifetime episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) also reported one or more lifetime anxiety disorders, and 57.5% of those reporting MDD in the past year also met past-year anxiety disorder criteria.[4] Comorbidity rates are similarly high across clinical samples, where about half of all MDD patients report co-occurring anxiety.[5–9] Moreover, as compared with patients with MDD alone, patients with comorbid MDD and anxiety display greater psychiatric symptom severity,[7, 10–12] earlier age of onset,[7, 13–14] greater MDD recurrence,[11, 15–16] poorer psychosocial function,[11, 17] and elevations in general distress and suicide risk.[11–12, 18–20] Such data suggest that individuals with a past history that includes both MDD and anxiety may be prone to exhibit persistent or residual levels of symptomatic distress and social dysfunction. To date, however, most of what we know about the impact of depression and anxiety comorbidity has been gleaned from treatment-seeking clinical samples, or samples selected to meet current depressive or anxiety disorder criteria. In contrast, less is known about the long-term impact that a lifetime history of both MDD and anxiety has among community samples. This adverse impact is particularly relevant for women, who are more likely than men to experience a lifetime episode of MDD as well as many of the anxiety disorders.[4] The current study evaluated clinical correlates and psychosocial features associated with lifetime comorbidity of MDD and anxiety in a community sample of midlife women recruited through the Study of Women's Health across the Nation Mental Health Study (SWAN-MHS). We hypothesized that compared with women with a lifetime history of either MDD or anxiety alone, women with a history of both MDD and one or more anxiety disorders would report: (1) a more severe psychiatric history (characterized by recurrent MDD, more lifetime anxiety disorders, greater risk of severe anxiety disorders, and an earlier age of onset); (2) more treatment-seeking for emotional problems; (3) greater levels of current depressive and anxiety symptoms; (4) elevated levels of perceived life stress; and (5) diminished social support. Participants of the Pittsburgh site of the SWAN-MHS study also completed self-report measures of self-esteem and the childhood experience of abuse or neglect. Hence, in the Pittsburgh sample, we sought to explore whether women with a lifetime history of MDD and anxiety would report a greater history of childhood abuse/neglect and lower levels of self-esteem, as compared with women with a lifetime history of either MDD or anxiety alone.
Regulation of Iron Metabolism by Hepcidin Under Conditions of Inflammation

Iron is a redox-active metal required as a cofactor in multiple metalloproteins essential for a host of life processes. The metal is highly toxic when present in excess and must be strictly regulated to prevent tissue and organ damage. Hepcidin, a molecule first characterized as an antimicrobial peptide, plays a critical role in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Multiple stimuli positively influence the expression of hepcidin, including iron, inflammation, and infection by pathogens. In this Minireview, I will discuss how inflammation regulates hepcidin transcription, allowing for sufficient concentrations of iron for organismal needs while sequestering the metal from infectious pathogens.
Fractals, neural networks, cellular automata, formal language and coding theory

The authors unify fractal theory for: learning, computer graphics, and data compression; Hopfield neural networks for pattern recognition; cellular automata for parallel computation; formal language theory; and coding theory for fault tolerance, data compression, and cryptography. It is shown that each of these fields is a piece of a big 'pie,' featuring storing information in stable configurations of dynamical systems. It is noted that this unified view will make the understanding of each field deeper and help its further development. This unified view will also provide a basis for proposing numerous models in various fields. >
Sex Differences in Mate Preference Between Two Hybridizing Species of Poeciliid Fish

When hybridization between two species in secondary contact is costly, natural selection should favor pre-mating isolation barriers. The invasive Gambusia affinis has been introduced to habitats of a closely related species, the endangered Gambusia nobilis. Although other Gambusia species readily hybridize in secondary contact, previous studies in this system found low abundance of hybrids in sympatry. To examine whether hybridization is limited by behavioral pre-mating isolation that may have evolved in allopatry, I examined each species’ mating preferences using individuals from allopatric populations in male and female visual/olfactory association preference tests as well as open mating tests with and without male–male competition. Gambusia affinis and G. nobilis males had significant association preference for conspecific females in visual/olfactory tests. Only G. nobilis females had statistically significant preference for conspecific males. In open mating tests, males of both species had lower chase times overall when in competition, but there was no difference in number of copulation attempts. Males of both species had higher copulatory success rates with conspecific females when in competition, suggesting females may exert some control over copulation success of males. These results suggest that there are differences in mating preferences between these species. This mate choice may act as a pre-mating isolating barrier to reduce hybridization in sympatry, a proposed threat to the endangered G. nobilis.
Posthumous organ donation attitudes, intentions to donate, and organ donor status: Examining the role of the big five personality dimensions and altruism

Abstract The present study examined the role of the big five personality dimensions and altruism in organ donation attitudes (ODA), intentions to register, and organ donor status using a sample of 336 college undergraduates. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed the big five personality dimensions, altruism, ODA, and non-donors completed a question that assessed their intentions to register as an organ donor in the next 3–6 months. In collecting information on organ donor status, participants showed a state-issued ID to a research assistant upon completion of the questionnaire. In terms of the influence of personality, results indicated that agreeableness was significant in predicting ODA and intentions to register. However, the relationship between agreeableness and the organ donation behaviors was explained by the indirect effect of altruism. No other personality variables were significant in the models. Results are discussed with reference to the role of altruism in organ donation and the need to further understand the null findings of conscientiousness in the models. Further research is needed on the interaction between personality and perceptions of organ donation among college students and the general public.
The sweet taste in the calf. I. Chorda tympani proper nerve responses to taste stimulation of the tongue

Abstract Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from the chorda tympani nerve in calves during stimulation with NaCl, quinine hydrochloride, citric acid, acesulfam-K, aspartame, fructose, galactose, glucose, glycine, lactose, maltose, monellin, Na-saccharin, sucrose, thaumatin, and xylitol. In cattle the chorda tympani innervates the posterior third of the tongue as well as the anterior part. It was found that the posterior receptive field generally responded better to sweet substances than the anterior. Glycine and Na-saccharin followed by xylitol were the most effective sweet stimuli. The monosaccharides elicited larger responses than the disaccharides. Aspartame gave a weak nerve response in 5 of 13 calves. Monellin and thaumatin elicited no change in chorda tympani nerve activity and did not crossadapt with any sweetener. No effects on citric acid responses were observed after application of miraculin.
Comparative teratogenicity and metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid, all-trans retinoyl β-glucose, and all-trans retinoyl β-glucuronide in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats

When single large equimolar doses (0.38-0.41 mmol/kg BW) of all-trans retinoic acid (RA), all-trans retinoyl beta-glucose (RBGL), and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RBG) are administered orally in oil on day 8.5 of pregnancy to Sprague-Dawley rats, RA and RBGL proved highly teratogenic, whereas RBG was not. Indeed, fetuses from RBG-treated dams were 16% heavier (P < 0.01) than control fetuses. After dosing with RA and RBGL, RA appeared in large amounts within 0.5 h in the maternal plasma and within 1.0 h in the embryo. In contrast, orally administered RBG seemed to be absorbed much more slowly, to be converted very slowly to RA, and not to accumulate either as RBG or as RA in the embryo. When incubated in vitro with embryos and attached membranes, however, both all-trans RBG and all-trans RA were partially converted to 13-cis RA. The nonteratogenicity of RBG, in contrast to RA, seems to be due to a much slower rate of GI absorption, a slow rate of hydrolysis to RA, a limited passage from the maternal circulation into the embryo, and a lower inherent toxicity.
Bargaining in ignorance of the opponent's utility function:

1 The original version of this paper was written at the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University, under Contract Nonr-358 (01), NR 047-006 of the Cowles Foundation with the Office of Naval Research. It was distributed as Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 46. A revised version of this paper was presented at the Princeton Conference on Game Theory and Negotiations in October, 1961. The paper has benefited from comments by the other participants of the Conference. 2 But of course there are exceptions. For a model dealing with the case where the players do not know one another's utility functions, see (Luce and Adams, 1956). know (and know they do not know) each other's utility functions. I shall also indicate some interesting problems our analysis raises for empirical research.
Underpressured zone in Galapagos sea floor

Upon making hydrothermal and hydrological measurements in borehole 504-B during last September and October's leg 69 trip of the Glomar Challenger, researchers found, to their surprise, that cold water from the ocean bottom was flowing into the hole. The water then entered the basement rock in a zone about 80 m wide, beginning at a point about 365 m below the sea floor and 90 m below the sediment/basement interface. When another team of experimenters reentered the hole 58 days later, during leg 70, they found water still moving down the upper portion of the hole at a rate estimated to be a few meters per hour.
Developmental and behavioral characteristics of the physically abused child

Twenty one abused children were compared to non‐abused children matched on the basis of social class and family structure. A greater proportion of abused than non‐abused children exhibited delayed or low normal intellectual and communication skills based on parent report (Developmental Profile) and child testing (developmental test and PPVT). Preschool abused children were reported by mothers to display more non‐normal behaviors than non‐abused preschool children, and more school‐age children were classified as having poor self‐ and school‐adjustment by their mothers’ report compared to non‐abused school‐age children. Abuse and factors contributing to it are seen as placing children at high risk for a variety of problems, and attention to their emotional and developmental status is indicated.
Mediators in visual interaction: An analysis of the “Poietic Generator” and “Open Studio”

Abstract The Poietic Generator and Open Studio are examples of interactive art, a form of art intended for the viewer's direct participation. They are based on distributed applications for visual interaction enabling to collaborate on the creation of visual images and narratives. This paper reports the analysis of the visual activity generated by their users. Such an analysis is founded on the phenomenological hypothesis that the visual activity generated by the participants in the Poietic Generator and Open Studio allows the study of the interaction process in terms of a co-determining relationship between perception and action . The results of this analysis indicate five classes of mediators capable of tuning the development of the interaction process according to the context and emotional state of the participants. These classes are based on: (1) spatial relationships, (2) chromatic relationships, (3) figurative elements, (4) textual elements, and (5) temporal events. By sustaining the intersubjective processing of information among participants, mediators sustain their socially intelligent ability of constructing and sharing meaningful activities; that is, they sustain co-creation . For this reason, mediators are particularly important in the design of social interactive systems that have purposes but not explicit goals (as in the case of art and creative activities in general).
Arthritis and hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have, as part of their disease, persistent rheumatoid-like arthritis are less likely to be hypertensive than are other patients with SLE. Methods. A retrospective chart analysis of 662 patients with SLE seen in a university clinic was performed. Results. Data analysis revealed that hypertension and persistent arthritis were inversely correlated, particularly in those patients without nephritis and particularly in black patients. Conclusion. We conclude that rheumatoid-like arthritis in patients with SLE is protective against hypertension, and speculate that this protection is conferred by a higher frequency of the DR4 allele.
Collection Efficiency of Receivers Placed Close to Sources

Radiation sources that have apertures and dimensions that are comparable to those of the receivers cannot be considered as point sources when they are close to the receivers. This paper presents a method of calculating the collection efficiency of a receiver for the case in which the receiver and source are closely spaced coaxial disks. The calculations consider sources with uniform and Gaussian brightness distribution; they also consider sources and receivers whose elements have both spherically symmetrical and Lambert’s law response patterns.
Quasilinear theory of the ordinary-mode electron-cyclotron resonance in plasmas

A coupled set of equations, one describing the time evolution of the ordinary-mode wave energy and the other describing the time evolution of the electron distribution function is presented. The wave damping is mainly determined by T/sub parallel/ while the radiative equilibrium is mainly an equipartition with T/sub perpendicular/. The time rate of change of T/sub perpendicular/, T/sub parallel/, particle (N/sub 0/), and current (J/sub parellel/) densities are examined for finite k/sub parallel/ electron-cyclotron-resonance heating of plasmas.
Magnetic-field effects in ultracold molecular collisions

We investigate the collisional stability of magnetically trapped ultracold molecules, taking into account the influence of magnetic fields. We compute elastic and spin-state-changing inelastic rate constants for collisions of the prototype molecule ${}^{17}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ with a ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ buffer gas as a function of the magnetic field and the translational collision energy. We find that spin-state-changing collisions are suppressed by Wigner's threshold laws as long as the asymptotic Zeeman splitting between incident and final states does not exceed the height of the centrifugal barrier in the exit channel. In addition, we propose a useful one-parameter fitting formula that describes the threshold behavior of the inelastic rates as a function of the field and collision energy. Results show a semiquantitative agreement of this formula with the full quantum calculations, and suggest useful applications also to different systems. As an example, we predict the low-energy rate constants relevant to evaporative cooling of molecular oxygen.
The Political Economy of Aid and Governance in Cambodia

Abstract The impact of massive aid on development and governance has been studied for a decade with mixed results. Using the results of an elite survey on aid and quality of governance based on Kaufmann et al.'s six dimensions (voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption), this article offers a case-study of Cambodia. The country's challenges in light of high aid dependence and ‘Dutch disease’ in the aid sector are elaborated, and disappointing human development outcomes are examined. Despite more than five billion dollars in aid, infant and child mortality and inequality have worsened. Key informants are overwhelmingly in agreement that, save for political stability, aid has not had a positive impact on governance in Cambodia. The failure on control of corruption shows how hard it is for donors to be tough on a country with extreme poverty. On the basis of what has been accomplished to date, however, aid seems unlikel...
HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN CULTURE Growth and DNA Synthesis

Human endothelial cells, obtained by collagenase treatment of term umbilical cord veins, were cultured using Medium 199 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. Small clusters of cells initially spread on plastic or glass, coalesced and grew to form confluent monolayers of polygonal cells by 7 days. Cells in primary and subcultures were identified as endothelium by the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies by electron microscopy. A morphologically distinct subpopulation of cells contaminating some primary endothelial cultures was selectively subcultured, and identified by ultrastructural criteria as vascular smooth muscle. Autoradiography of endothelial cells after exposure to [3H]thymidine showed progressive increases in labeling in growing cultures beginning at 24 h. In recently confluent cultures, labeling indices were 2.4% in central closely packed regions, and 53.2% in peripheral growing regions. 3 days after confluence, labeling was uniform, being 3.5 and 3.9% in central and peripheral areas, respectively. When small areas of confluent cultures were experimentally "denuded," there were localized increases in [3H]thymidine labeling and eventual reconstitution of the monolayer. Liquid scintillation measurements of [3H]thymidine incorporation in primary and secondary endothelial cultures in microwell trays showed a similar correlation of DNA synthesis with cell density. These data indicate that endothelial cell cultures may provide a useful in vitro model for studying pathophysiologic factors in endothelial regeneration.