cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing mealtime in the independent group dining room: An educational program for nurse's aides

Summary Promoting residents' eating independence in the group dining room is an important goal. Simple strategies exist that can promote that independence. An educational program based on an analogy of eating as work provides a guide for helping nurse's aides optimize their efforts with residents eating in the independent dining room. A successful educational program and program follow-up on managing mealtimes can assist nurse's aides, not only in helping residents stay independent in the group dining room, but in feeling good about themselves as part of the nursing home team.
Electrical properties of TGS crystals grown by a new technique

The cooled sting technique used to grow triglycine sulphate (TGS) crystals is investigated. The sting procedure, which achieves supersaturation by cooling the seed crystal mounted on the sting is described and a diagram is provided. Temperature differentials of 1.5 and 1.0 C are optimum for growing (001) and (010) orientation TGS seeds. The data obtained are compared with previous data and good correlation is shown; it is inferred that TGS crystals of any orientation can be grown at a uniform rate of 1 mm/day using this technique.
The natural history of steroid-naïve eosinophilic esophagitis in adults treated with endoscopic dilation and proton pump inhibitor therapy over a mean duration of nearly 14 years.

Background Despite the vast focus of research in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the natural history of untreated EoE remains undefined. Current expert consensus panels are calling for natural history studies to define long-term risks, adverse events, and progression of the disease. Objective To address the natural course and long-term adverse events of EoE. Design Retrospective, single-center study. Setting Tertiary-care center. A cohort of patients from the year 1988 initially diagnosed as having congenital esophageal stenosis who were later reclassified as having EoE. Patients Ninety-five patients, with 13 meeting entrance criteria for idiopathic EoE with follow-up >5 years. Interventions Anti-acids and esophageal dilation. Main Outcome Measurements Clinical response, adverse events, long-term clinical outcomes, and progression of disease. Results Thirteen patients (mean age at diagnosis 30.3 years, 10 male) were evaluated over a 13.6-year mean follow-up (range 5-24 years). All patients experienced daily dysphagia, with 12 presenting with food impactions. Patients were treated with esophageal dilation (64% Maloney, 34% Savary, 2.5% through-the-scope balloon) and daily anti-acids. Patients were initially treated with an average of 3.2 dilations over the first year (range 1-6) to achieve a luminal size of 15.8 mm (range 14-18 mm). They were maintained successfully with dilations every 2 years, on average, based on symptoms. Two patients not adhering to recommended dilation schedules experienced repeat impactions. One adverse event from a mucosal tear required hospitalization (1 of 157, 0.6%). Seven of 13 had Barrett's esophagus, average length 2.4 cm (range 1-4 cm), 3 on initial EGD and 4 identified over a mean duration of 9.4 years. No patient developed dysplasia or malignancy. Limitations Retrospective, small sample. Conclusion The course of EoE over a 13.6-year mean duration, although persistent, appears benign and not associated with cancer risk. A program of regular esophageal dilations based on symptom recurrence appears to be a safe, long-term treatment.
Successful treatment of pleural aspergillosis and bronchopleural fistula.

We report the successful treatment of a patient with a bronchopleural fistula and pleural aspergillome. Treatment consisted of intrapleural instillation of amphotericin B and nystatin followed by creation of an Eloesser flap.
Behavior of a shallow plate anchor in clay under sustained loading

Laboratory model test results for the uplift of a shallow circular plate anchor embedded in a soft saturated clay are presented. For all tests the bottom of the anchor plate was vented to eliminate the mud suction force. The tests were divided into two categories: (1) short‐term tests to determine the variation of the net ultimate uplift capacity and hence the breakout factor with embedment ratio, and (2) creep tests with sustained uplift loads at varying embedment ratios. Based on the model test results, the variation with time, has been determined for the rate of strain of the soil located above the plate anchor. Empirical relationships for obtaining the rate of anchor uplift have been proposed.
Colloidal and bacterial fouling during constant flux microfiltration: Comparison of classical blocking laws with a unified model combining pore blocking and EPS secretion

Abstract The instantaneous transmembrane pressure needs to be continuously increased to compensate for foulant accumulation during constant flux microfiltration. Herein, we compare predictions of a unified mathematical model and conventional blocking laws with laboratory data obtained during constant flux operation. Foulants employed included single species cultures of bacteria and coagulated natural colloids, both of which are known to form compressible cakes. The first principles model unifies fouling arising from pore blocking by individual cells, cake formation, as well as bacterial secretion of exopolymers. It also incorporates non-uniform spatial deposition patterns that have been observed during unstirred dead-end filtration. Mechanistically, these heterogeneities arise either from non-uniform membrane surface porosity or stochastic initial binding of foulants. Previous studies have shown that the initial patchy or uneven deposit morphology is magnified over longer time-scales during bacterial filtration by differential extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion through quorum sensing. However, in this study, we are primarily interested in the averaged behavior (mainly flux and pressure). By spatially averaging the microscale variables we are able to compare with classical blocking law models. We show that blocking laws and the unified model both accurately model fouling under our experimental conditions. The unified model provides mechanistic insights into (bio)colloid deposition and associated fouling during constant flux microfiltration particularly since it is obtained excellent predictive agreement with experimental data using parameters taken exclusively from our recent study of constant pressure filtration.
Counterinsurgency in El Salvador

Contemporary U.S. policy makers often characterize the U.S. counterinsurgency experience in El Salvador as a successful model to be followed in other contexts. This article argues that these characterizations significantly overstate the positive lessons of El Salvador, and ignore important cautionary implications. During the first part of the conflict, neither the Armed Forces of El Salvador (FAES) nor the U.S. followed the tenets of counterinsurgency doctrine. The FAES killed tens of thousands of non-combatants in 1979 and 1980, before the civil war even began. This repression may have preempted an incipient popular insurrection, but it also locked in a determined social base that enabled the armed left to build a highly effective and sustained insurgency. In 1984, the U.S. had to save the FAES from likely defeat through a major increase in military aid, especially airpower. When the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) switched to a classical guerrilla strategy, the FAES, despite considerabl...
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus as a Mosquito Control Agent

Bacillus sphaericus Neide strain 1593–4 was found to be more virulent against the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and possessed longer residual activity than strain SSII-1 in pond tests at Fresno, CA. Furter testing of strain 1593-4 provided excellent control of a natural population of Culex tarsalis Coquillett in Kern County, CA, at 104 cells/ml. Infectivity of the bacterium on a mixed population of C. tarsalis and southern house mosquito was decreased in a treatment of a dairy drain. A WP formulation of 1593-4 improved handling of the material and resulted in operational control of C. tarsalis at 0.84 kg/ha (7.6×103 spores/ml). Effective control of a mixed population of Aedes melanimon Dyar and A. nigramaculis (Ludlow) was not obtained at 104 cells/ml in 0.02-ha pasture plots, although laboratory tests showed A. nigromaculis had a high susceptibility to the bacterium compared to other Aedes spp. A field test of strain 1593-4 showed no deleterious effect on nontargets at 105 cells/ml. Fry of the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis affinis (Baird and Girard), showed no adverse effect at 5 × 104 spores/ml of 1593-4 WP.
International software piracy

It is argued that with the rapid changes in the global business environment and the western stake in expanding markets, protection of intellectual property and prevention of software piracy are among the most important international problems facing western economies. The inherent nature of software, which makes it easy to replicate and difficult to protect under copyright laws, is discussed. Measures developed to protect intellectual property rights and regulate software piracy are reviewed. Steps that must be taken to ensure the wide accessibility of software and to remove the incentives for piracy are outlined. >
Human breast milk contains a factor which markedly stimulates aortic prostacyclin synthesis

Abstract Human breast milk has been shown to contain a potent factor which markedly stimulates the synthesis of prostacyclin by rabbit aorta. The stimulatory effect of colostrum was modest when compared to mature milk. This factor appears to be protein in nature with a molecular weight of less than 10000. The main site of action of the factor appears to be on the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostacyclin. This factor might have a role in the optimal development of prostacyclin synthetic pathways which are not fully developed at birth.
A latent structure analysis of the positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Although previous studies have suggested the inadequacy of the two-factor models of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, confirmatory testing of the putative three-factor models is needed. Using a sample of 193 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, this study tested the relative goodness-of-fit of one-, two-, and three-factor models of the positive and negative symptoms. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the three-factor model of Addington et al., Arndt et al., and Liddle and Barnes that specifies positive, negative, and disorganized factors had the best fit with the data. Allowing the factors to co-vary and specifying dimensionality to the negative symptoms substantially improved the fit of the model. The study addressed several other issues. First, whereas the correlation between positive and negative symptoms was modest, the disorganized symptoms were significantly and more strongly related to both the positive and negative symptoms. Second, depression was not correlated with negative symptoms, but was significantly related to both the positive and disorganized symptoms. Third, the relationships between the three factors and levels of global, social, and work functioning in the sample supported the criterion-related validity of the three-factor model.
New Hybrid Runge-Kutta Methods for Unsteady Reactive Flow Simulation

In the numerical simulation of transient reacting flow, standard explicit calculation is prohibitively expensive because of the small time steps needed to address the stiffness of a governing differential system. To circumvent this, new hybrid implicit‐explicit methods proposed treat the stiffness, whereas the underlying time-step control is governed by the Courant stability criterion. Because the coefficients of both explicit and implicit operations are entirely determined by solving the necessary conditions of accuracy and L stability without any extra assumptions, the methods are more generalized than other similar methods in the literature. Two families of semi-implicit Runge‐ Kutta schemes are developed for split differential equations in the form of u � = f (t, u) + g(t, u), where f is treated explicitly and g is simultaneously treated implicitly. Like the rest of all the developed schemes, a low-storage family of semi-implicit schemes is also derived to be globally high-order accurate and L stable for implicit calculations. In a companion paper (Yoh, J. J., and Zhong, X., “New Hybrid Runge‐Kutta Methods for Unsteady Reactive Flow Simulation: Applications,” AIAA Journal ,V ol. 42, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1601‐1611) the new schemes are tested to solve a wide range of applications in high-speed flow physics involving combustion.
Massage therapy for infants of depressed mothers

Abstract Forty full-term 1- to 3-month-old infants born to depressed adolescent mothers who were low socioeconomic status (SES) and single parents were givn 15 min of either massage ( n = 20) or rocking for 2 days per week for a 6-week period. The infants who experienced massage therapy compared to infants in the rocking control group spent more time in active alert and active awake states, cried less, and had lower salivary cotisol levels, suggesting lower stree. After the massage versus the rocking sessions, the infants spent less time in an active awake state, suggesting that massage may be more effective than rocking for inducing sleep. Over the 6-week period, the massage-therapy infants gained more weight, showed greater improvement on emotionality, sociability, amd soothability temperament dimensions and had greater decreases in urinary stress catecholamines/hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol).
Electrical transport across an individual magnetic domain wall in (Ga,Mn)As microdevices

Recent studies demonstrate that an individual magnetic domain wall (DW) can be trapped and reproducibly positioned within multiterminal (Ga,Mn)As microdevices. The electrical resistance obtained from such measurements is found to be measurably altered by the presence of this single entity. To elucidate these observations we develop a simple model for the electrical potential distribution along a multiterminal device in the presence of a single DW. This is employed to calculate the effect of a single DW upon the longitudinal and transverse resistance. The model provides very good agreement with experimental observations, and serves to highlight important deviations from simple theory. We show that measurements of transverse resistance along the channel permits establishing the position and the shape of the DW contained within it. An experimental scheme is developed that enables unambiguous extraction of the intrinsic DW resistivity. This permits the intrinsic contribution to be differentiated from resistivities originating from the bulk and from magnetic anisotropy—effects that are generally manifested as large backgrounds in the experiments.
Responsiveness of cytogenetically discrete human myeloma cell lines to lenalidomide: lack of correlation with cereblon and interferon regulatory factor 4 expression levels

The introduction of novel immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) has dramatically improved the survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While it has been shown that patients with specific cytogenetic subtypes, namely t(4;14), have the best outcomes when treated with bortezomib-based regimens, the relationship between cytogenetic subtypes and response to IMiDs remains unclear. Using DNA synthesis assays, we investigated the relationship between cytogenetic subtype and lenalidomide response in a representative panel of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). We examined HMCL protein expression levels of the lenalidomide target cereblon (CRBN) and its downstream target interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4), which have previously been shown to be predictive of lenalidomide response in HMCLs. Our results reveal that lenalidomide response did not correlate with specific cytogenetic translocations. There were distinct groups of lenalidomide-responsive and non-responsive HMCLs, as defined by inhibition of cellular proliferation; notably, all of the hyperdiploid HMCLs fell into the latter category. Repeated dosing of lenalidomide significantly lowered the IC50 of the responsive HMCL ALMC-1 (IC50 = 2.6 μm vs. 0.005 μm, P 0.05). Moreover, no association was found between lenalidomide responsiveness and CRBN and IRF4 expression. Our data indicate that lenalidomide sensitivity is independent of cytogenetic subtype in HMCLs. While CRBN and IRF4 have been shown to be associated with response to lenalidomide in patients, these findings do not translate back to HMCLs, which could be attributable to factors present in the bone marrow microenvironment.
Calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte cultures derived from rachitic rat growth plate cartilage.

Abstract Chondrocytes obtained from collagenase-digested epiphyseal growth plate cartilage of rachitic rats were grown in multilayer cultures. The cultured chondrocytes produced a metachromatic matrix and further electron microscopic examination revealed typical features of cartilage matrix collagen fibrils and matrix vesicles. The alkaline phosphatase activity in cultures was high during the entire 3-week culture period. Acid phosphatase showed a marked increase in activity during the first week of culture. The appearance of apatite crystals in the synthesized matrix was monitored by electron microscopy over a 3-week period. First crystals were consistently found to be associated with matrix vesicles, and in the older cultures calcification spread into the surrounding matrix. No collagen fibrils associated with mineralization were observed during the early culture period. This study clearly demonstrates that in chondrocyte cultures the first mineral crystals were found within or in close association with matrix vesicles. This gives further support to the hypothesis that matrix vesicles are the primary site of mineralization in cartilage. In addition to calcification studies it is suggested that this model is suitable for studying the effects of hormones or other agents on rachitic chondrocytes in vitro.
Clickable, photoreactive inhibitors to probe the active site microenvironment of fatty acid amide hydrolase

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an integral membrane enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and several other bioactive lipid amides. The catalytic mechanism of FAAH has been largely elucidated, and structural models of the enzyme suggest that it may recruit its hydrophobic substrates directly from the lipid bilayer of the cell. Testing this hypothesis, however, requires new tools to explore FAAH–substrate interactions in native cell membranes. Here, we have addressed this problem by creating clickable, photoreactive inhibitors that probe the microenvironment surrounding the FAAH active site. We show that these probes can be used directly in cell membranes, where distinct crosslinked adducts are observed for inhibitors that are buried within versus exposed to the external environment of the FAAH active site.
Raman scattering by correlated electrons in quantum dots in a magnetic field

Abstract We calculate the dynamical structure factor S(Q,ω) for correlated electrons in quantum dots in a magnetic field. The excitation spectrum of quantum dots, given by S(Q,ω), can be measured by electronic Raman scattering. By sweeping the magnetic field one should be able to observe the incompressible (large gaps in the excitation spectrum) and compressible (soft modes associated with phase transitions) electronic structure of quantum dots.
Effect of Holy Water on the Growth of Radish Plants

Mean growth of 12 radish seeds in peat pots watered with holy water were not significantly different from that of 12 watered with tap water. Limitations on data were listed.
Repeated exposure of the posterior ventral tegmental area to nicotine increases the sensitivity of local dopamine neurons to the stimulating effects of ethanol

Clinical evidence indicates a frequent co-morbidity of nicotine and alcohol abuse and dependence. The posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) appears to support the reinforcing and dopamine-stimulating effects of both drugs. The current study tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure of the pVTA to one drug would increase the sensitivity of local dopamine neurons to the stimulating effects of the other drug. Female Wistar rats received repeated daily microinjections of either 100 μM nicotine or vehicle directly into the pVTA for 7 days. On the 8th day, rats received microinjections of either vehicle or ethanol (100 or 200 mg%) into the pVTA while extracellular dopamine samples were collected from the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens shell (NACsh) with microdialysis. Another experiment tested the effects of challenge microinjections of 200 μM nicotine in the pVTA on extracellular dopamine levels in the NACsh following 7 daily pretreatments with 200 mg% ethanol in the pVTA. Nicotine pretreatments increased the dopamine-stimulating effects of ethanol in the pVTA (100 mg% ethanol: 115% vs 160% of baseline in the vehicle and nicotine groups, respectively, p < 0.05; 200 mg% ethanol: 145% vs 190% of baseline in the vehicle and nicotine groups, respectively, p < 0.05). In contrast, ethanol pretreatments did not alter the stimulating effects of nicotine in the pVTA. The results suggest that repeated exposure of the pVTA to nicotine increased the response of local dopamine neurons to the stimulating effects of ethanol, whereas repeated exposure of the pVTA to ethanol did not alter the responses of pVTA dopamine neurons to nicotine.
Physical quality of life index and inter-country inequality

Abstract Treating the ‘physical quality of life index’ (PQLI) as a measure of national well-being, Theil's cross-country inequality index is computed and compared with those based on nominal and real GNP per capita. The index based on PQLI seems to understate drastically inter-country inequality, and suggests a pattern of inequality change that appears implausible.
Life Mirrors Work Mirrors Text Mirrors Life

This paper is about a series of uncanny coincidences in my life and work. The coincidences are as follows: an article of mine, on the construction of an erroneous medical diagnosis of depression on a woman who was a cancer patient, was performed as theater just at the time I, too, unknowingly had cancer; the cancer was discovered very late and, at the same time, a series of medical errors in my care became clear; I am a medical sociologist and my area of special interest is medical mistakes. I describe my work on medical mistakes and the mistakes in my care and explore the uncanny and the status of error in life as it is lived.
Comparing the results of a traditional one-day continuing medical education conference to self-directed learning

This paper describes a study-in-progress that will evaluate the effectiveness of two different learning styles/preferences in continuing medical education using as the clinical topic early detection and prevention of cancer. The two learning styles to be evaluated in this project are: 1) attendance at the traditional one-day CME conference, and 2) use of a sequence of Problem-Based Learning Modules (PBLMs). Data will be obtained on physician attitude, knowledge and performance. In addition to answering the research questions which compare the traditional CME conference with the PBLM sequence, this study provides an opportunity to investigate the use of the simulated patient in evaluating CME. of particular interest will be: 1) the techniques necessary to introduce these patients undetected into physician offices; and 2) physician acceptance of these patients as data collectors.
Open-loop chaotic synchronization of injection-locked semiconductor lasers with gigahertz range modulation

Unidirectional chaotic synchronization between two remote injection-locked semiconductor lasers to achieve chaotic communications is investigated numerically. Different from the direct chaotic masking methods, the chaotic carrier wave is generated from different chaotic states in transience instead of a fixed chaotic state in static to prevent it from being reproduced through a reconstructed embedding phase space. The testing digital and sinusoidal message signals in the gigahertz range can be easily recovered without the use of any electronic or optical filter to filter out the synchronization error. The robustness of synchronization is examined by using the intrinsic white noise of the transmitter and the receiver as the perturbation. The effects of parameter mismatches on the quality and robustness of synchronization are analyzed in detail. The results show that different internal parameters have very different tolerances for parameter mismatch. A short discussion on the phase sensitivity of synchronization is also given.
Major psychological disorders in acute and chronic TMD: An initial examination

This study assessed psychological disorders in 50 patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders and 51 patients with acute TMD. The results revealed a significant psychological comorbidity in both groups of patients. Both groups had high rates of psychopathology that exceeded the base rates of the general population. Such findings are in keeping with an integrated biopsychosocial model of TMD, and have significant implications for treatment of these patients.
FixtureNet : interactive computer-aided design via the World Wide Web

Abstract The Internet offers tremendous potential for rapid development of mechanical products to meet global competition. In the past several years, a variety of geometric algorithms have been developed to evaluate computer-aided design (CAD) models with respect to manufacturing properties such as feedability, fixturability, assemblability, etc. Unfortunately, most of these algorithms are tailored to a particular CAD system and format and so have not been widely tested by industry. The World Wide Web may offer a solution: its simple interface language offers a de facto standard for the exchange of geometric data with industry and research groups. In this paper, we describe a feasibility study for such an interactive system, which can be tested directly at http://teamster.usc.edu/fixture/
Pressure Effects on the Quasi-1-D Molecular Ferromagnet 2-(4,5,6,7-Tetrafluorobenzimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl

Crystallographic lattice compression and magnetic variations in the quasi-1-D ferromagnet 2-(4,5,6,7-tetrafluorobenzimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (F4BImNN) were studied under hydrostatic pressure for polycrystalline samples. The crystallographic c-axis—along which F4BImNN forms hydrogen bonds—was compressed by 3% at 10 kbar and by 4% at 17.8 kbar. The overall lattice volume contracts by 12% from ambient pressure to 17.8 kbar. The axis of the hydrogen bonded chain propagation is compressed, since the bent F4BImNN hydrogen bonds accommodate geometric compression. The magnetic susceptibility measured over 1.8–300 K showed an increase in ferromagnetic exchange interactions as pressure increased. Curie–Weiss 1/χ vs T analyses showed an increase in Weiss constant from (+)10.4 K to (+)15.3 K from ambient pressure to 9.85 kbar. Fitting of the χT vs T data indicated predominantly 1-D Heisenberg chain type behavior at all pressures, increasing from J/k = (+)19 K at room ...
Modeling the Suppression of Sea Lamprey Populations by the Release of Sterile Males or Sterile Females

The suppressive effects of trapping adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, and releasing sterile males (SMRT) or females (SFRT) into a closed system were expressed in deterministic models. Suppression was modeled as a function of the proportion of the population removed by trapping, the number of sterile animals released, the reproductive rate and sex ratio of the population, and (for the SFRT) the rate of polygyny. Releasing sterile males reduced populations more quickly than did the release of sterile females. For a population in which 30% are trapped, sterile animals are initially released at ratio of 10 sterile to 1 fertile animal, 5 adult progeny are produced per fertile mating, 60% are male, and males mate with an average of 1.65 females, the initial population is reduced 87% by SMRT and 68% by SFRT in one generation. The extent of suppression achieved is most sensitive to changes in the initial sterile release ratio. Given the current status of sea lamprey populations and trapping operations in the Great Lakes, the sterile-male-release technique has the best chance for success on a lake-wide basis if implemented in Lake Michigan. The effectiveness of the sterile-female-release technique should be investigated in a controlled study. Advancing trapping technology should be a high priority in the near term, and artificial rearing of sea lampreys to the adult stage should be a high priority in the long term. The diligent pursuit of sea lamprey suppression over a period of several decades can be expected to yield great benefits.
Deletion, augmentation and principal predictors

Effects of augmenting or deleting sets of design points are studied using principal components of the predictive dispersion at those points. The affected linear parameters are then given explicitly in terms of design points and coefficients defining the principal predictors. In addition to structural links, this approach offers computational advantages as well. The methods are illustrated numerically for second-order models using central composite designs.
COX2 Activity Promotes Organic Osmolyte Accumulation and Adaptation of Renal Medullary Interstitial Cells to Hypertonic Stress

The mechanism by which COX2 inhibition decreases renal cell survival is poorly understood. In the present study we examined the effect of COX2 activity on organic osmolyte accumulation in renal medulla and in cultured mouse renal medullary interstitial cells (MMICs) and its role in facilitating cell survival. Hypertonicity increased accumulation of the organic osmolytes inositol, sorbitol, and betaine in cultured mouse medullary interstitial cells. Pretreatment of MMICs with a COX2-specific inhibitor (SC58236, 10 μmol/liter) dramatically reduced osmolyte accumulation (by 79 ± 9, 57 ± 12, and 96 ± 10% for inositol, sorbitol, and betaine respectively, p
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans association with nuchal-type fibroma.

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a hypercellular, storiform, CD34-positive low-grade sarcoma with honeycomb entrapment of fat, which typically involves the trunk and extremities. Nuchal-type fibroma (NTF ) is a paucicellular, CD34-positive fibrous tumor with fat entrapment, which may occur in both nuchal and extranuchal locations and in association with Gardner syndrome. Methods: We report the association of DFSP with NTF in a 43-year-old male with no personal or family history of Gardner syndrome. Results: The patient had a past history of a DFSP removed from his back, which recurred 2 years later and was re-excised. Additionally, the patient had a typical NTF, in the posterior neck, removed at the same time. Histopathologic examination of the recurrent back lesion demonstrated a composite lesion with typical appearances of DFSP, centrally, blending into an NTF-like appearance, peripherally. Both components expressed CD34 and CD99, and lacked elastin. A review of the microscopic slides of the patient's previously excised DFSP revealed an identical lesion with surrounding NTF-like areas. Conclusion: While an association between NTF and fibromatosis has recently been reported, this is to our knowledge the first report of an association between NTF and DFSP. The morphologic findings suggest that there may be a continuum between these two CD34-positive lesions that have a tendency to infiltrate adipose tissue and recur.
Enzymic synthesis of peptide bonds. VIII. Activation phenomena in the papain-catalyzed synthesis of peptide bonds

Summary The effect of cysteine hydrochloride concentration on the yield of the benzoylglycine-glycinanilide reaction as catalyzed by papain was studied. The results were interpreted as being in accord with the coenzyme theory of the activation process (5). In addition, the effect of buffer type and concentration on this same reaction and also on the benzoylglycine-aniline reaction was investigated. The results of these experiments indicated that metal chelation by the buffer was not its only effect on papain-catalyzed processes and that buffer-enzyme and buffer-substrate interactions were also occurring.
A passivity approach for model-based compositional design of networked control systems

The integration of physical systems through computing and networking has become pervasive, a trend now known as cyber-physical systems (CPS). Functionality in CPS emerges from the interaction of networked computational and physical objects. System design and integration are particularly challenging because fundamentally different physical and computational design concerns intersect. The impact of these interactions is the loss of compositionality which creates tremendous challenges. The key idea in this article is to use passivity for decoupling the control design of networked systems from uncertainties such as time delays and packet loss, thus providing a fundamental simplification strategy that limits the complexity of interactions. The main contribution is the application of the approach to an experimental case study of a networked multi-robot system. We present a networked control architecture that ensures the overall system remains stable in spite of implementation uncertainties such as network delays and data dropouts, focusing on the technical details required for the implementation. We describe a prototype domain-specific modeling language and automated code generation tools for the design of networked control systems on top of passivity that facilitate effective system configuration, deployment, and testing. Finally, we present experimental evaluation results that show decoupling of interlayer interactions.
Experimental measurements and numerical simulation of stress and microstructure in carburized 5120 steel disks

Abstract A combined experimental and numerical study of residual stress and microstructure was performed on a carburized disk of 5120 steel. The disk-shaped specimen was carburized and quenched in agitated oil at 71°C. X-ray diffraction combined with electropolishing layer removal was used to determine stresses through the case of the disk, within ∼1 mm of the surface. Both martensite and retained austenite volume fractions were determined through one flat surface. Rietveld analysis was used to determine the lattice parameters of the constituents at sequential depths. Microstructure and residual stress profiles were compared to predictions. The numerical predictions were from ABAQUS; a finite element code coupled with a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT), that accounted for microstructure evolution. Measured retained austenite values varied from ∼25 vol.% at the surface to a maximum of ∼30% at 100 μm, then decreased to 4% at a depth of 600 μm. The numerical simulation predicted a maximum of 25 vol.% at the surface that monotonically decreased to 7% at a depth of 600 μm, and reached a minimum of 4% at 1.0 mm. The maximum measured compressive stress was 380 MPa at 550 μm, compared to the predicted value of 450 MPa at 330 μm. In addition, the carbon profile predicted from the numerical simulation was comparable to the profile obtained from the combustion burnout technique.
Cyanolipids of Stocksiabrahuica benth. Seed oil

1. 1. A nitrogen-containing ester fraction (35%) has been isolated from the seed oil of Stocksia brahuica Benth., and characterized. 2. 2. These esters are composed of a fatty acid moiety (predominantly C2 monoene) esterified with an isoprenoid hydroxynitrile (3-cyano-2-methylprop-2-ene-I-ol). 3. 3. Hydrogenolysis of the ester fraction with a platinum catalyst yields fatty acids and isoamylamine. The saturated hydroxynitrile moiety has been isolated after LiBH4 reduction of the hydrogenated ester.
Client Satisfaction in Service Organizations: The Case of an Accounting Firm

Clients in an accounting firm were surveyed to identify factors relating to client satisfaction in service organizations. Four independent variables ‐ communication,responsiveness, service quality, and effectiveness ‐ correlated with, and explained the variance in client satisfaction. Interpretation and implications for business practice are discussed and practical guidelines for enhancing client satisfaction are offered.
Dividing the Domain of Political Science: On the Fetishism of Subfields

American students of political science have repeatedly bemoaned its failure to achieve the status of a coherent intellectual discipline. This essay suggests that claims regarding the disarray of political science are, at the very least, exaggerated. For several key purposes, the profession ascribes near totemic status to four specific subfields: political theory, American politics, comparative politics, and international relations. While one might argue that these categories are innocuous administrative conveniences, that claim would be mistaken. Subfields are vehicles of power insofar as they participate in the allocation of rewards within the discipline, and, more fundamentally, insofar as they participate in structuring our understanding of the nature of politics itself. Inquiry into the emergence and consolidation of political science's basic subfields, however, has been almost entirely ignored in accounts of the discipline and its history. This essay aims to remedy that gap in our understanding.
Pharmacogenetically driven patient selection for a first-in-human phase I trial of batracylin in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas

Purpose Batracylin (daniquidone), an ATP-insensitive topoisomerase I/II inhibitor, demonstrated wide interspecies variation in preclinical models consistent with formation of a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-batracylin, following metabolism by N-acetyl-transferase 2 (NAT2). To minimize exposure to this toxic metabolite, this first-in-human study was conducted in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors or lymphomas demonstrated to have a slow NAT2 acetylator genotype. The objectives were to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics of batracylin and its metabolites.
Isotopic labeling of thiamine

Abstract Thiamine of high specific radioactivity has been prepared by catalytic incorporation of tritium using 3H2O and platinum. Purification of a crude commercially available product is described and the radiolabeling pattern is determined by NMR analysis of deuterated thiamine.
An investigation of 3C-SiC photoconductive power switching devices

Abstract Photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) have unique advantages such as high power, high speed, negligible time jitter and long lifetime. Silicon carbide (SiC), due to its high dielectric strength and other desired physical properties, is an excellent material for PCSS. However, no result has been reported on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) PCSS. In this work, PCSS were fabricated on the following three types of 3C-S1C material; (i) boron doped, (ii) unintentionally doped single crystals, and (iii) polycrystalline. The PCSS were investigated using ArF and XeCl excimer lasers. Practical switches with many potential applications were successfully fabricated. The best results were obtained from the PCSS made from polycrystalline material. The dark resistivity of the material was as high as 10 6 Ω cm. The operating breakdown field was 250 kV cm −1 , which is the highest reported for all lateral geometry PCSS and was limited by the surface flashover effect. The highest peak photocurrent density through the PCSS was greater than 10 kA cm −2 . The ratio of the off-state resistance on the on-state resistance, R off / R on , was ~ 10 5 , and the lowest on-state resistance was 45 Ω. The width of the photocurrent pulse was 15–30 ns, which was limited by the laser pulse width, indicating that the PCSS can operate in the megahertz range. The trigger gain of the polycrystalline 3C-SiC PCSS was 4.7 and the switching efficiency was 52%.
Biological effects of environmental electromagnetic fields: molecular mechanisms

In recent years, epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of leukemia in children living near electric power distribution lines. Also, medical studies have shown that low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields accelerate the healing of bone fractures. The stimulation of biosynthesis suggested by both epidemiological and clinical studies is observed in vitro, and indicates that EM fields stimulate the biosynthetic 'stress response' in cells. Studies of EM field effects on enzyme (Na,K-ATPase) function suggest that these effects should be considered in the design of molecular electronic devices.
Inviscid/boundary layer prediction of aerodynamics for a bent-axis biconic geometry

Newly developed inviscid and boundary layer codes are applied to the prediction of forces and moments for both on-axis and bent-axis biconic orbital transfer vehicle configurations. The inviscid code solves the full three-dimensional form of the nonconservative Euler equations. It features parabolic grid generation and an improved method of characteristics boundary condition. The boundary layer code solves the integral forms of the momentum and energy equation along inviscid streamlines. Generally good agreement is found in comparisons of the inviscid/boundary layer predictions with the experimental data at angles of attack up to 30/sup 0/.
Gang Leader for a Day: Griot for Life

What does America want of sociology? Cynical and pessimistic sociologists would say that America wants little if anything from the discipline because its purpose remains unclear or misunderstood. These cynics blame their colleagues who write with firm commitment to the discipline's most obscure jargon, lay people who are turned off by complexity and problematization in social analysis, or both parties for the existence of that condition. Those who hold to the notion of greater promise and possibility for the discipline argue that sociological work should not only reflect social relevance but be written in a lucid manner. That is, such work should, to the best extent possible, capture the interest of, and make sense to, people who are not professionally committed to the field, but do so without surrendering complexity, subtlety, and nuance in explaining the dynamics of a complicated social world. While this debate ensues, it stands that the kind of sociological scholarship that is often interesting to nonsociologists is either that which involves extrapolating the lives of people like themselves (think of the appeal that some sociological studies of school teachers, police officers, flight attendants, or some other specified social type has had for the people who hold such statuses), or that allows readers to gain some purchase on the life experiences of people they find extraordinarily intriguing, but would never encounter in any sustained or consistent way throughout the course of their own lives. Although perhaps not obvious at first glance, Sudhir Venkatesh, in producing Gang Leader for a Day, has delivered a work that appeals to both kinds of interests. The second kind is immediately evident. After all, much of America remains curious and fascinated by the marginalized urban dwellers who have been categorized (rather pejoratively, and despite much of academia's own withdrawal from the term) as the underclass. In much more subtle
CLUSTER ALIGNMENTS AND ELLIPTICITIES IN ACDM COSMOLOGY

The ellipticities and alignments of clusters of galaxies and their evolution with redshift are examined in the context of a Λ-dominated cold dark matter cosmology. We use a large-scale, high-resolution N-body simulation to model the matter distribution in a light cone containing ~106 clusters of mass M > 2 × 1013 h-1 M☉ out to redshifts of z = 3. The best-fit three-dimensional ellipsoid of the mass distribution is determined for each cluster, and the results are used to analyze cluster ellipticities as a function of mass, radius, and redshift. A similar analysis is done in two dimensions in order to allow direct comparisons with future observations. Cluster ellipticities are determined within different radii, including 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 h-1 comoving Mpc. We find strong cluster ellipticities: ≡ 1 - a2/a1 ~ 0.3-0.5. The mean ellipticity increases with redshift from ~ 0.3 at z = 0 to ~ 0.5 at z = 3 for both three-dimensional and two-dimensional ellipticities; the evolution is well fitted by = 0.33 + 0.05z. The ellipticities increase with cluster mass and with cluster radius; the main cluster body is more elliptical than the cluster cores, but the increase of ellipticities with redshift is preserved. Using the fitted cluster ellipsoids, we determine the alignment of clusters as a function of their separation. We find strong alignment of clusters for separations 100 h-1 Mpc; the alignment increases with decreasing separation and with increasing redshift. The evolution of clusters from highly aligned and elongated systems at early times to lower alignment and elongation at present reflects the hierarchical and filamentary nature of structure formation. These measures of cluster ellipticity and alignment will provide a new test of the current cosmological model when compared with upcoming cluster surveys.
Transurethral electrovaporization of bladder cancer

Abstract Objectives To describe the use of transurethral electrovaporization in the treatment of large superficial bladder tumors. Methods The records of 9 consecutive patients with large superficial bladder tumors treated by transurethral electrovaporization were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent vaporization of superficial tumor with either a grooved or smooth rollerball electrode. Tumor characteristics, blood loss, operative time, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results A total of 12 bladder tumors were treated in 9 patients. The mean tumor size was 4.3 cm in diameter and the mean operative time was 80 minutes with a range of 60 to 100 minutes. No complications were noted and only 1 patient required a transfusion. The mean fall in hematocrit was 0.7%. Conclusions Transurethral electrovaporization represents a new application of electrosurgery that is safe and effective in the treatment of large superficial bladder tumors.
Effects of hypoxia on tumor metabolism

Rapidly growing tumors invariably contain hypoxic regions. Adaptive response to hypoxia through angiogenesis, enhanced glucose metabolism and diminished but optimized mitochondrial respiration confers survival and growth advantage to hypoxic tumor cells. In this review, the roles of hypoxia, the hypoxia inducible factors, oncogenes and tumor suppressors in metabolic adaptation of tumors are discussed. These new insights into hypoxic metabolic alterations in tumors will hopefully lead us to target tumor bioenergetics for the treatment of cancers.
A robust technique for relational database watermarking and verification

Outsourcing of data is increasing with the rapid growth of internet. There is every possibility that data reaches illegal hands. As a result, there is increase in illegal copying of data, piracy, illegal redistribution, forgery and theft. Watermarking technology is a solution for these challenges. It addresses the ownership problem. It deters illegal copying and protects copyright of data. Watermarking technology mainly involves the process of watermark insertion and watermark extraction. Watermark insertion means embedding an imperceptible watermark in the relational database. In watermark extraction we extract the embedded watermark without the help of original database. In this paper we propose a new watermarking technique, which will watermark both textual and numerical data. Our proposed method also does watermark verification where, the watermark extracted from the database is compared with the original watermark that is known only to the owner of the database. This is accomplished through Levenshtein distance algorithm.