cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interfibrillar Collagen Bonding Exists in Matrix Produced by Chondrocytes in Culture: Evidence by Electron Microscopy

Interfibrillar bonding of collagen fibrils in tissue grown from rabbit chondrocytes in culture was examined by a variety of electron microscopy techniques. Interfibrillar bonding is expected to increase tissue strength and may be a desirable feature in engineered cartilage and other soft tissues. The apparent bonding evident by scanning electron microscopy, using standard chemical fixation processing, is suspected to be artifact due to drying. The goal of this article was to establish the existence of interfibrillar bonding, apart from any processing artifacts. Specimens prepared by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after notching and fixing under load, and cryo-SEM all showed evidence of bonding, supporting the existence of bonding in the unprocessed tissue. Exclusion from the bond space of gold particles labeled to decorin further supported the existence of natural bonds. Artifactual bonding may still be occurring with some of the methods used, but interfibrillar bonds...
Analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by atomic force microscopy

An atomic force microscope operating in a contact mode can provide 5-× 5-nm atomic-scale images of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film that allows the identification of what are believed to be phenyl groups and phenyl chains. Large-scale, 5- × 5-μm images reveal the presence of raised surface features attributed to the extrusion process used to form the PET film. These surface irregularities could affect the film's physicochemical properties. Furthermore, regions with different overall surface roughnesses have been identified, showing that surface roughness can distinguish between the amorphous and crystalline regions that form this type of film. Imaging forces have been found capable of altering the film surface, and surface disorder increases with imaging time. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1237–1243, 1997
Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by autochthonous human solid tumor cells: Relationship to stage of disease and serum factors

Tumor-induced blastogenesis was detected in vitro in autologous lymphocytes from 19 of 29 patients with solid tumors. The blastogenic response was dose related, and maximum response required a tumor cell-lymphocyte ratio of 1:1. The intensity of response correlated inversely with the extent of disease. Tumor cells from patients with widespread disease seem to have a lower stimulatory capacity regardless of their site of origin (primary or metastatic lesion). The effect of serum from cancer patients on the blastogenic response was mostly nonspecific, and could be both inhibitory or facilitory. It did not correlate with the extent of disease.
Interaction of anticonvulsants and oral contraceptives in epileptic adolescents

Oral contraceptives are in widespread use, and are commonly prescribed for contraception in patients taking other medications. An example of this is the concomitant use of oral contraceptives and anticonvulsants in epileptic patients. This combination creates a potential for drug interactions which may alter the efficiay of both medications. An apparent interaction between oral contraceptives and anticonvulsants was observed in this study of epileptic adolescent females. This interaction was evidenced by menstrual irregularities which occurred in 65% (7 of 11) of adolescents on both medications concomitantly. The frequency of irregularity was significantly higher in these adolescents when compared to adolescents on either medication alone. Irregularities appeared to be alleviated by increasing the strength of the oral contraceptive, and although a concern, the increased dosage did not affect seizure control.
Evaluation of Four Fingerprint Development Methods for Touch Chemistry Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry(.)

Four preparation techniques for MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry were compared to determine the ability to gather intelligence for investigations through the chemical analysis of latent fingerprints, defined as "touch chemistry." Compatible fingerprint development processes used for identification along with new techniques are necessary to evaluate touch chemistry. Ten volunteers deposited fingerprints from solvent residues containing drugs and explosives onto microscope slides. The developers included (A) fingerprint powder, (B) MALDI matrix, (C) fingerprint powder and lifting, and (D) cyanoacrylate fuming with fingerprint powder. Qualitative identification was based on ion images and spectra. The highest average detection rates (88%) were found using methods A and B. Methods C (52%) or D (18%) had limited success. Results demonstrate the importance of imaging coupled to extracted mass spectral data in detecting analytes in deposited fingerprints. Overall, the results suggest continued development of touch chemistry applications could prove useful for gathering intelligence and forensically relevant information.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronidase gene and purification of the enzyme from recombinant Escherichia coli

A gene bank of Sau3A1-generated Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23 DNA fragments was constructed in Escherichia coli K-12 with the low-copy-number cosmid vector pOU61cos. Clone lysates were screened by immunoblotting using a mouse antiserum raised against a crude pneumococcal hyaluronidase preparation. One immunoreactive clone was isolated, and it produced high level of hyaluronidase activity. This clone contained a recombinant cosmid (designated pJCP800) with an approximately 35-kb DNA insert, and the putative hyaluronidase coding sequence was subcloned into pBluescript SK as a 3.8-kb PstI-ClaI fragment (designated pJCP802). The complete nucleotide sequence of this insert was determined. The region included an open reading frame sufficient to encode a polypeptide with an M(r) of 107,751. An active hyaluronidase with an M(r) of approximately 89,000 was purified to homogeneity from E. coli DH5 alpha(pJCP802). N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified protein suggested that translation initiation was occurring primarily at a TTG codon within the major open reading frame. However, immunoblot analysis using antiserum raised against the purified 89-kDa hyaluronidase indicated that E. coli DH5 alpha(pJCP802) also expressed the 107-kDa form of the enzyme. This antiserum labelled a 107-kDa protein in partially purified hyaluronidase preparations from S. pneumoniae. The hyaluronidase activity in this pneumococcal extract was also neutralized by the antiserum.
Development of the Quantitative Model for Application of Workers' Expertise in Evaluating Manual Lifting Tasks

The objective of this paper is to investigate how worker expertise can be used to evaluate industrial lifting activities, with the ultimate goal of preventing lower back injuries in the workplace. Twenty-two professionals and twenty-two skilled laborers participated in the study. The results indicate that it is possible to use personal knowledge and experience in evaluating injury risks of physical tasks such as lifting. There was no difference between professionals and skilled laborers in terms of the cognitive patterns relating input to output variables. In the open lifting model, the weight of load was the most important variable in evaluating lifting activities, in agreement with findings in the literature about the association of task variables with back injuries at the time of the accident. In the closed loop model, perceived risk emerges as a primary variable in determining the effort level exerted during lifting activities followed by the weight of load.
A Squash Technique for Studying the Cytology of Maize Endosperm and Other Tissues

A new cytological procedure specifically suited to maize endosperms is presented. It uses 8-hydroxyquinoline with sucrose and aeration to pretreat the tissues. Glusulase is used to spread the cells. The procedure makes it possible to squash endosperms into a single cell layer and to photograph as many as 70 chromosomes in the same focal plane. It also allows identification of translocation chromosomes. With a slight modification the technique has been applied successfully to root tips and other tissues.
Direct comparison in vivo and in vitro of suppressibility of parathyroid function by calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism.

ABSTRACT The effects of increased ambient calcium concentration on parathyroid function in vivo and in vitro were assessed in each of 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Calcium injection and/or infusion were carried out preoperatively and parathyroid suppressibility was tested by the effect of calcium on nephrogenous cAMP (NcAMP). Dispersed parathyroid cells were then prepared after surgical excision of abnormal parathyroid tissue. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) release was determined by RIA after incubation for 2 h at calcium concentrations ranging from 0.3-3.0 mM. Of nine patients with adenoma, iPTH release from dispersed parathyroid cells was inhibited less than 50% in 3 (26-40%); in these patients, NcAMP was suppressed 20% or less. In the remaining six patients, iPTH release in vitro and NcAMP release in vivo were inhibited 62-90% and 34-75%, respectively, by elevated calcium concentrations. In three patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia, iPTH release was inhibited 75-81%...
Abnormal functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders during face processing

Abnormalities in the interactions between functionally linked brain regions have been suggested to be associated with the clinical impairments observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated functional connectivity within the limbic system during face identification; a primary component of social cognition, in 19 high-functioning adults with ASD and 21 age-and IQ-matched control adults. Activation during identification of previously viewed faces and houses using a one-back paradigm was compared. The fusiform face area (FFA) was individually localized in each participant and used as the seed point for functional connectivity analyses. The degree of correlation between FFA and the extended neural circuitry involved in face identification was tested. A whole brain analysis was also conducted in order to determine whether connectivity from the FFA to aberrant brain locations was present in the ASD group. Measures of clinical severity (ADOS social score and ADI-R social score) were included as independent variables into the functional connectivity analyses. Significant FFA-amygdala and FFA-superior temporal sulcus functional connectivity was found in both the ASD and control participants. However, the control group had significantly increased connectivity to the left amygdala and the posterior cingulate compared to ASD. Post hoc analyses additionally found increased connectivity to the thalamus in the controls. A significant relationship between abnormal functional connectivity and clinical severity in the ASD group was observed. Specifically, greater social impairment was associated with reduced FFA-amygdala connectivity and increased FFA-right inferior frontal connectivity. These results suggest that abnormal neural connections within the limbic system may contribute to the social impairments observed in ASD.
Measuring up: Defining and assessing outcomes of character in college

This chapter addresses the role of character development in the college experience, the dimensions that constitute it, and various methods to assess its outcomes.
Periodic capillary models of diffusion in porous solids

Periodic capillary networks are proposed as models for describing diffusion in porous solids. The capillary network is analyzed by means of the nodal concentration equations for a single unit cell and expressions are derived for the diffusional flux in terms of the macroscopic concentration gradient. Conditions for isotropy are derived and the validity of the smooth field assumption is discussed. The theory is illustrated with a macropore-micropore model of porous catalyst pellets and comparisons are made with an earlier capillary model.
Follicle Selection in the Avian Ovary

Follicle development in the highly efficient laying hen is characterized by a well-organized follicular hierarchy. This is not the case in other chickens such as the broiler breeder hen that has excessive follicle development and lower reproductive efficiency. Although management practices can optimize egg production in less productive breeds of chickens, the factors that contribute to this difference are not known. Interactions between the oocyte and surrounding somatic cells are believed to be involved in promoting follicle selection. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown to have a role in regulating rate of follicle development in mammals. In hens, the expression of AMH is restricted to the growing population of follicles and, similar to mammals, is markedly decreased at around the time of follicle selection. The oocyte factors, growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), have been identified in the hen, and their expression pattern has been characterized. Anti-Mullerian hormone expression in hens is decreased by a protein factor from the oocyte (not GDF9) and is also decreased by vitamin D. Associated with the decrease in AMH expression by vitamin D, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor mRNA is increased. These data suggest that information about AMH regulation may enhance our understanding of follicle selection, particularly in birds with aberrant follicle development.
An early prototype of an autonomic performance environment for exascale

Extreme-scale computing requires a new perspective on the role of performance observation in the Exascale system software stack. Because of the anticipated high concurrency and dynamic operation in these systems, it is no longer reasonable to expect that a post-mortem performance measurement and analysis methodology will suffice. Rather, there is a strong need for performance observation that merges first-and third-person observation, in situ analysis, and introspection across stack layers that serves online dynamic feedback and adaptation. In this paper we describe the DOE-funded XPRESS project and the role of autonomic performance support in Exascale systems. XPRESS will build an integrated Exascale software stack (called OpenX) that supports the ParalleX execution model and is targeted towards future Exascale platforms. An initial version of an autonomic performance environment called APEX has been developed for OpenX using the current TAU performance technology and results are presented that highlight the challenges of highly integrative observation and runtime analysis.
Development of laboratory and computational techniques for optimal and quantitative understanding of cellular metabolic networks

This paper summarizes the development of laboratory and computational techniques for systematic and reliable understanding of metabolic networks. By combining a filter-based cell culture system and an optimized metabolite extraction protocol, a broad array of cellular metabolites can be reliably quantified following nutrient and other environment perturbations. A nonlinear closed-loop procedure was also developed for optimal bionetwork model identification. Computational illustrations and laboratory applications clearly demonstrate the capabilities of these techniques in understanding cellular metabolism, especially when they are integrated in an optimal fashion.
The Problem of Passenger Genes in Transgenic Mice

Gene targeted or transgenic mice are frequently created on one genetic background and the mutation then transferred to a second genetic background by a series of backcrosses, with selection for the mutation at each generation. This is the same experimental design as that used in the production of classical congenic strains in which a genomic region from a "donor" strain is transferred to the background of a "recipient" strain by backcrossing and selection for ten or more generations. While the strategy largely results in the replacement of the donor background with the recipient background, the region flanking the selected gene remains of donor origin. Thus, the genes in this flanking region are "passengers" that travel with the selected gene, and when comparing transgenic (or knockout) mice with non-transgenic littermates, allelic differences in the passenger genes can conceivably influence the traits of interest. It now appears that this passenger gene effect may be an important confounder in studies of cardiovascular and metabolic traits that are influenced by dozens of common variations present among inbred mouse strains. Here, we discuss the problem and some approaches to avoid it.
Parent Perceptions of Pragmatic Skills in Teens and Young Adults Using AAC

The acquisition of social skills is critical in the successful academic inclusion and competitive employment of individuals with disabilities. Parent involvement in identification of social skills targets for intervention is a valuable first step in the intervention process. A total of 21 parents completed the Pragmatics Profile from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals for their teen and young adult children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Because several parents rated more than one item as not appropriate, total scores could be computed for only 10 participants; however, descriptive analysis of results from the Rituals and Conversational Skills section was conducted for all participants. Of the 22 items from that section, 17 were rated as sometimes or never (i.e., requiring intervention) by the majority of parents, suggesting that many teens and young adults using AAC have pragmatic skills in need of intervention.
Temporal Evolution of Fluvial Style in a Compound Incised-Valley Fill, Ferron “Notom Delta”, Henry Mountains Region, Utah (U.S.A.)

Abstract Nonmarine sequence stratigraphic models hypothesize systematic changes in fluvial style within individual sequences and across sequence boundaries, based largely on mudstone–sandstone ratios. The main purpose of the paper is to evaluate the validity of these models by documenting facies relationships and detailed bedding architecture of bar and channel deposits as well as mudstone–sandstone ratio within a compound incised-valley fill at the top of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation in the Henry Mountains region, Utah, U.S.A. Field photomosaics, walking out of beds, and 42 measured sections document the stratal and facies organization in the incised-valley fill. Two erosional surfaces with erosional relief up to 17 m are traced continuously for up to 7 km. These erosional surfaces are defined by onlap and truncation and show a marked basinward shift in facies, with pebbly coarse-grained and conglomeratic fluvial sandstones overlying highly burrowed marine mudstones and sandstones. These major erosional surfaces partition the valley fill into two sequences, marked as V2 and V1 in ascending order. Each sequence comprises a multistory fill that reaches a maximum thickness of about 30 m. Within each sequence there is a vertical transition in facies from fluvial, to tidal, and finally back into fluvial facies. In the younger V1, there is a systematic vertical evolution of fluvial style from braided, to single-thread meandering, and finally to a low-sinuosity river system. In contrast, formative rivers in the older V2 were always meandering and show more marine and tidal influence. A major change in valley sedimentology is recognized from V2 to V1, as shown by a 30° eastward shift in main flow direction, overall increase in grain size and river discharge, and a clear change in fluvial style from meandering into braided streams. This is also shown by the increase in preserved dune height in fluvial bar and channel deposits across the boundary, which suggests that deeper rivers cut the younger V1 valley. The change in river style from braided to meandering in V1 is interpreted to reflect a gradual decrease in slope and discharge as the valley was filled. The change in fluvial style across the sequence boundary reflects an increase in grain size and discharge, probably driven by a high-frequency climate change, as well as local increase in valley slope.
Robust and non-fragile H ∞ control for affine fuzzy large-scale systems

This paper investigates robust and non-fragile Hinfin controller design for the affine fuzzy large-scale systems, which are composed of a number of T-S affine fuzzy subsystems with interconnections. According to the Lyapunov direct method and the decentralized control theory of large-scale systems, a sufficient condition in the form of LMIs which guarantees the existence of state feedback Hinfin control for affine fuzzy large-scale systems is proposed. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the fuzzy Hinfin controller design procedure and its effectiveness.
Spectral Properties and Chi(3) of Metallo Meso-Tetra-Substituted Tetrabenzporphyrins

We have reported high Chi(3) values observed for metallo meso-tetra (substituted phenyl) tetrabenzporphyrins (metallo TPTBP). In order to find the relationship between the molecular structures and the Chi(3) values, we have attempted to find relationships between these values and the electronic spectral properties of the compounds. For a series of Zn TPTBPs, we found that the B and Q band peak wavelengths and the peak height ratio between these two bands are related as one would expect from such a series of porphyrins. The Chi(3) values appear to be directly related to the Q/B peak height ratio. For a series of metallo meso-tetra(p-methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzporphyrins, such a correlation of Chi(3) with the spectral properties of various metal species was not apparent. Strategies to increase the Chi(3) values of metallo TPTBP on the basis of these observations are discussed.
The Application of Human and Social Behavioral-Inspired Security Models for Self-aware Collaborative Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper discusses the introduction of anthropology and sociology-inspired approaches to providing security in collaborative self-aware cognitive radio networks. This includes the introduction of not only trust models, but also respect models and ‘intuition’ models. This paper discusses numerous potential benefits from this type of approach, including benefits to algorithm security, compromise recovery, protection from the Byzantine threat, and policy enforcement.
Systems engineering and design of high-tech factories

Contemporary technology for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) integrates computer aided design (CAD) and engineering analysis (CAE) to support rapid, distributed, team-oriented product data development and management, including high fidelity simulation on demand. . This technology potentially provides a platform for creating a new generation of factory design tools which enable "on demand" simulation and analytic model results to be used by factory designers. This paper describes the opportunity, and provides an illustration in the context of semiconductor wafer fab design.
Treating Infidelity and Comorbid Depression: A Case Study Involving Military Deployment

Sexual infidelity has a high prevalence in both representative community and treatment-seeking samples, and has been identified by experienced therapists as one of the more difficult couple problems to treat. Disclosure or discovery of infidelity triggers a broad range of adverse relationship and individual consequences, including increased risk of major depression and suicidality in either one or both partners. We describe an integrative approach for promoting recovery from infidelity, drawing on empirically supported treatments for couple distress as well as empirical literature regarding recovery from interpersonal trauma and relationship injuries. Using an exemplar case study involving military deployment, we feature three stages of intervention emphasizing containment of initial emotional trauma, understanding factors contributing to vulnerability to an affair, and strategies for helping partners to move on emotionally, either together or separately. The integrative treatment approach described here is the first treatment designed specifically to assist couples’ recovery from an affair to garner empirical evidence of its efficacy.
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Development of Nephropathy

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global health problem, and new and effective strategies are needed for the management of this condition. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and CKD, and several recent trials have demonstrated a possible link between SUA and the development and/or progression of CKD in patients with and without diabetes. The identification of key urate transporters such as urate transporter 1 and glucose transporter 9 has provided not only insights into the pathophysiology of hyperuricemia, but also possible links to other processes, such as glucose homeostasis. The renewed interest in the role of SUA in CKD has coincided with the development of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes. In addition to improving glycemic control, these agents, acting via the kidneys in an insulin-independent manner, have also been shown to reduce SUA levels and potentially improve some measures of renal function. This review will discuss the role of uric acid in CKD treatment, and how SUA-lowering therapies may prevent or delay the progression of CKD.
The Demanding Task of Integrating Family Therapy into a Curriculum: General Discussion

As part of training in some family therapy centers, the supervisor early on in the treatment actually comes in and joins the therapist in a session. I have experienced that myself and found it to be very useful. I wonder if you could comment on that as a technique of supervision.
Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Transfer in the Peripheral Auditory System

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-pathogenic DNA virus which has been utilized as a gene transfer vector. Its ability to infect non-dividing cells and absence of host toxicity make it an ideal vector for gene transfer in the cochlea. We have assessed the feasibility of using AAV to introduce reporter genes in the cochlea. In the peripheral auditory system, AAV-mediated expression of the transgene sgalactosidase was maintained for up to 6 months in the spiral limbus, spiral ligament, spiral ganglion cells and the organ of Corti. However, the level of expression decreases over the period of six months. Expression of the transgene was also detected in the contralateral cochlea with a lower level of intensity than that observed within the ipsilateral cochlea. The cellular and tissue architecture within the AAV-s-gal perfused cochleae was generally free of inflammation and cellular degeneration for up to 8 weeks. Long-term transgene expression will be useful in efforts to achieve definitive treatments for various hereditary nonsyndromic hearing impairments for which there are currently no effective therapies.
Urban Science Education

Although criteria defining “what is urban” differ (Paddison, 2001), about half the human population (and nearly 80% of the U.S. population) resides in metropolitan areas compared to 10% at the beginning of the last century. Urban areas are typically distinguished from non-urban areas based on: high population density, diverse economic activity that is largely non-agricultural, and increased home to work commuting patterns.
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) stabilizes p53 in genotoxic response

3658 Transcription initiation in eukaryotes is a tightly regulated, multi-step process. One important aspect is the interaction of various transcription factors with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. For example, the HATs p300, CBP and PCAF function as coactivators of the tumor suppressor protein p53, and transcriptional activity of p53 correlates with p53 acetylation by HATs. But p300 and CBP also play roles in promoting beta-catenin-dependent transcription that results in cellular proliferation. Thus, transcription factors with very different roles in the cell require the activity of HAT complexes. The precise mechanisms that define access of transcription factors to HAT complexes have not been defined. As components of HAT complexes, the ADA2 and ADA3 proteins (Alteration/Deficiency in Activation) are likely to play important roles in this process, since yeast and mammalian ADA2 and ADA3 proteins have been shown to function as adaptor or docking proteins for transcription factors. For example, our laboratory’s previous work showed that hADA3 physically interacts with p53 in human cells and is required for full transcriptional activity of p53. We have now established that hADA2 also interacts with p53 through coimmunoprecipitation of over-expressed hADA2 and p53. We demonstrated that coexpressed hADA2 and hADA3 coimmunoprecipitate significantly more p53 than either one alone, indicating that hADA2 and hADA3 may stabilize each other, as well as their interaction with p53. Furthermore, we showed that hADA2 and hADA3 interact with proliferation-inducing beta-catenin by coimmunoprecipitation of over-expressed hADA2, hADA3 and beta-catenin. These results suggest that p53 and beta-catenin (together with the DNA binding proteins LEF or TCF) may have to compete for hADA2 and hADA3 in order to transactivate their target genes. Preliminary results indicate that p53 and beta-catenin indeed interfere with each other in coimmunoprecipitation experiments with hADA2 and hADA3. Additional experiments are currently confirming this finding and are exploring the functional consequences of this competition. The discovery that p53, beta-catenin and, likely, other transcription factors may have to compete for access to HAT complexes by interacting with both hADA2 & hADA3 is intriguing because it provides a novel mechanism by which cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis may be regulated. p53 activation through cellular stress may not only lead to activation of p53 target genes, but may simultaneously reduce beta-catenin activity by reducing beta-catenin access to HAT complexes. Likewise, abnormally increased beta-catenin activity in human cancers may blunt the p53 pathway by limiting access of wild-type p53 to HAT complexes.
Dynamic Hinge Concept for Beam Vibrations

A simple method and concept, termed the dynamic hinge concept is presented. By using this concept, the natural fundamental frequency of vibration of uniform and variable stiffness members of any number of spans, may be accurately determined by solving a dynamically equivalent system. The dynamically equivalent system is a part of one of the spans of the original member with its end conditions properly satisfied. The method is general and known structural and vibration principles are used in its development. It could be easily extended to other types of structural problems.
Evaluation of the Steindler flexorplasty.

The Steindler flexorplasty was evaluated in fifteen patients to determine the maximum strength of the flexorplasty. Nine of the fifteen patients were able to lift one pound or more to 110 degrees of flexion. The flexion contracture present was correlated to the strength of the flexorplasty. The greatest strength occurred in patients with a flexion contracture of 30 degrees or more. A flexion contracture of 30 degrees or more was common when the triceps was of less than a strength rating of 3. There was no correlation between pronation contracture and strength. There was no pronation contracture when the strength of the supinator was 4 or 5. Arthrodesis of a flail shoulder improves the effectiveness of the flexorplasty.
The Quasi-Liquid Layer of Ice under Conditions of Methane Clathrate Formation

A premelted layer of water wets the surface of ice at temperatures below the melting temperature. Experiments suggest that this quasi-liquid layer may play an important role in the nucleation of cl...
Fuzzy and cross-app replay for smartphone apps

The behavior of smartphone apps is driven by input from sensors such as GPS, microphone, or camera. Hence the ability to construct test inputs, and send these inputs to the app is essential for testing. Leveraging our prior results in recording and replaying sensor inputs in Android apps we have constructed a new approach that helps automate smartphone app testing by capturing the input log (sensor stream) and using this log in two ways. First, we fuzz (alter) the log in a semantically-meaningful way: by applying principled transformations (e.g., changing GPS coordinates or navigation speed), a new input log is constructed, which represents a new test case. Second, we use the log captured in app A to test an app B which offers similar functionality, e.g., GPS navigation or image recognition. We have applied our approach to several widely-used Android apps and found that the approach is effective: it has revealed new bugs in four popular apps; has produced new test cases that increase coverage; and has produced test cases from logs originating in other apps.
Working with Homeless and Vulnerable People: Basic Skills and Practice, by Jeannette Waegemakers Schiff

This book examines knowledge and intervention skills needed to work effectively with homeless and vulnerable populations in North America. It discusses the lived experiences of homeless people in t...
Evaluation of sedatives, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents in adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of sedative, analgesic, and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Materials and methods This was a 2-year, prospective, observational study of adult intensive care unit patients on ECMO support for more than 48 hours. Results We analyzed 32 patients, including 15 receiving VA (venoarterial) ECMO and 17 VV (venovenous) ECMO. The median daily dose of benzodiazepines (midazolam equivalents) was 24 mg, and the median daily dose of opioids (fentanyl equivalents) was 3875 μg. There was a moderate negative correlation between the day of ECMO and the median daily benzodiazepine dose (r = −0.5515) and a very weak negative correlation for the median daily opioid dose (r = −0.0053). On average, patients were sedated to Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale scores between 0 and −1. Continuous infusions of opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, dexmedetomidine, and NMBAs were administered on 404 (85.1%), 199 (41.9%), 95 (20%), 32 (6.7%), and 60 (12.6%) ECMO days, respectively. Patients in the VA arm received a continuous infusion opioid (96.4% vs 81.6% days; P Conclusions Patients received relatively low doses of sedatives and analgesics while at a light level of sedation on average. Patients rarely required neuromuscular blockade.
Social Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship, Collectivism, and Everything in Between: Prototypes and Continuous Dimensions

This article uses prototypes and continuous dimensions to place social entrepreneurship in relation to other organizational forms. This approach is more fruitful than classical attempts to stipulate essential characteristics and establish boundaries. A prototype and continuous dimension approach allows consideration of the way social entrepreneurship functions similarly to and differently from related concepts, such as traditional entrepreneurship, public social services, and collectivism. These categories can be distinguished according to the degree to which control over the way value is created, allocated, and distributed occurs socially or entrepreneurially. This approach offers the additional advantage of making the concept more precise, as subdimensions clarify the relationship to practices such as volunteerism and theories such as antidevelopment. By mapping the network of organizational forms in which social entrepreneurship can be located, we can focus on the viability and advisability of different ways of solving social problems.
Transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) targeted for reduced recalcitrance to bioconversion: a 2-year comparative analysis of field-grown lines modified for target gene or genetic element expression.

Summary Transgenic Panicum virgatum L. silencing (KD) or overexpressing (OE) specific genes or a small RNA (GAUT4-KD, miRNA156-OE, MYB4-OE, COMT-KD and FPGS-KD) was grown in the field and aerial tissue analysed for biofuel production traits. Clones representing independent transgenic lines were established and senesced tissue was sampled after year 1 and 2 growth cycles. Biomass was analysed for wall sugars, recalcitrance to enzymatic digestibility and biofuel production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation. No correlation was found between plant carbohydrate content and biofuel production pointing to overriding structural and compositional elements that influence recalcitrance. Biomass yields were greater for all lines in the second year as plants establish in the field and standard amounts of biomass analysed from each line had more glucan, xylan and less ethanol (g/g basis) in the second- versus the first-year samples, pointing to a broad increase in tissue recalcitrance after regrowth from the perennial root. However, biomass from second-year growth of transgenics targeted for wall modification, GAUT4-KD, MYB4-OE, COMT-KD and FPGS-KD, had increased carbohydrate and ethanol yields (up to 12% and 21%, respectively) compared with control samples. The parental plant lines were found to have a significant impact on recalcitrance which can be exploited in future strategies. This summarizes progress towards generating next-generation bio-feedstocks with improved properties for microbial and enzymatic deconstruction, while providing a comprehensive quantitative analysis for the bioconversion of multiple plant lines in five transgenic strategies.
Innovative Marketing Education

(1992). Innovative Marketing Education. Marketing Education Review: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 29-29.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Drug Toxicity

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on some representative adverse drug reactions that reflect the chemical reactivity of drugs and metabolites rather than their binding to specific pharmacologic receptors. Several attempts have been made to classify different types of adverse drug reactions. Type A reactions consist of augmented but qualitatively normal pharmacological responses, whereas Type B reactions are those that are qualitatively bizarre. Drug-induced methemoglobinemia is an adverse reaction that serves as a paradigm to understand the biochemical mechanism underlying a number of toxic reactions to drugs. Drugs and other xenobiotics that cause methemoglobinemia react either stoichiometrically or in a cyclic fashion to convert heme iron from the ferrous to the ferric state. In some cases, it has been possible to actually relate the risk of an adverse drug reaction to a polymorphic drug-metabolizing phenotype. A number of features of isoniazid hepatotoxicity can be interpreted by reference to the metabolic scheme.
Geodesic bulk diagrams on the Bruhat-Tits tree

Geodesic bulk diagrams were recently shown to be the geometric objects which compute global conformal blocks. We show that this duality continues to hold in $p$-adic $\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}$, where the bulk is replaced by the Bruhat--Tits tree, an infinite regular graph with no cycles, and the boundary is described by $p$-adic numbers, rather than reals. We apply the duality to evaluate the four-point function of scalar operators of generic dimensions using tree-level bulk diagrams. Relative to standard results from the literature, we find intriguing similarities as well as significant simplifications. Notably, all derivatives disappear in the conformal block decomposition of the four-point function. On the other hand, numerical coefficients in the four-point function as well as the structure constants take surprisingly universal forms, applicable to both the reals and the $p$-adics when expressed in terms of local zeta functions. Finally, we present a minimal bulk action with nearest neighbor interactions on the Bruhat--Tits tree, which reproduces the two-, three-, and four-point functions of a free boundary theory.
Spatial and temporal radiogenic isotopic trends of magmatism in Cordilleran orogens

Abstract An intrinsic feature of Cordillera-style orogenic systems is a spatial trend in the radiogenic isotopic composition of subduction-related magmatism. Magmatism is most isotopically juvenile near the trench and becomes increasingly evolved landward. A compilation of radiogenic isotopic data from the central Andes, U.S. Cordillera, and Tibet (the most well-studied examples of modern and ancient Cordilleran systems) demonstrate such spatial trends are long-lived and persist throughout the life of these continental subduction margins. The consistency of the isotopic trend through time in magmatic products is surprising considering the plethora of orogenic processes that might be expected to alter them. In addition to longevity, spatial isotopic trends encompass a broad spectrum of geochemical compositions that represent diverse petrogenetic and geodynamic processes. The two end-members of the spatial isotopic trends are represented by melts sourced within isotopically juvenile asthenospheric mantle and melts sourced from isotopically evolved continental lithospheric mantle and/or lower crust. Mantle lithosphere generally thins toward the magmatic arc and trench in Cordilleran orogens because sub-lithospheric processes such as delamination, subduction erosion, and subduction ablation, operate to thin or remove the continental mantle lithosphere. With time, magmatic additions may impart the isotopic composition of the mantle source on the lower crust, giving rise to an isotopically homogenous deep lithosphere. The results of this analysis have significant implications for interpreting temporal and spatial shifts in isotopic composition within Cordilleran orogens and suggest that the continental mantle lithosphere may be a significant source of magmatism in orogenic interiors.
Revascularization methods in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A focused review

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is becoming widely recognized as an important cause of myocardial infarction, particularly in younger women. Tendency toward conservative management has been primarily based on observational data. Intervention is recommended when coronary blood flow is compromised and high risk features such as left main involvement, ongoing ischemia, or hemodynamic or electrical instability are present. Unlike the atherosclerotic process where the superiority of stenting compared with plain old balloon angioplasty has been established in the acute setting, randomized studies for revascularization strategies for spontaneous coronary dissection are currently lacking. We highlight 4 cases of SCAD from our institution, review the literature with regard to percutaneous revascularization in this population, and propose a step-wise algorithm for percutaneous intervention strategies in managing higher-risk SCAD.
PREGUNTA A CARLOS MONSIVÁIS: LOS DE LOS ÁNGELES, ¿NI SIQUIERA VUELVEN POR SU COBIJA A COMALA?

TEXTOS HIBRIDOS Vol. 1, No. 1 (julio 2011) PREGUNTA A CARLOS MONSIVAIS: LOS DE LOS ANGELES, ?NI SIQUIERA VUELVEN POR SU COBIJA A COMALA? Sara Poot-Herrera University of California, Santa Barbara DE LO PERDIDO, LO QUE APAREZCA: MONSIVAIS Y LO POLICIAL H ACE veinte anos Carlos Monsivais acababa de cumplir 50 anos. 1 El pasado domingo 4 de mayo vimos en La Jornada que para celebrarlos aquel miercoles 4 de mayo de 1988 el y Elena Poniatowska bailaron un vals, un monsivals, en el Salon Margo de la ciudad de Mexico. 2 Tres dias despues, un 7 de mayo como hoy —7 de mayo de 1988—, murio Maria Elvira Bermudez, nuestra dama de guante blanco de la literatura policiaca en Mexico, 3 a quien el joven Monsivais debe pistas en su inicial busqueda policiaca. Tiempo atras, le habia hecho una entrevista. De 1973 es su articulo “Ustedes que jamas han sido asesinados” (1-11). 4 En su casa de la calle Flora donde vivia, Maria Elvira Bermudez conversa con Vicente Francisco Torres: . . . los autores que cita Monsivais, son exactamente los que yo incluyo en mi antologia Los mejores cuentos policiacos mexicanos. Cuando el dicto una conferencia sobre literatura policiaca, hace muchos anos, yo era actuario de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, y me fue a ver. Dijo que se basaba en un ensayo que yo habia publicado en El Nacional, muchos anos antes de que el dictara esa conferencia. Incluso me pidio autorizacion para utilizar ese ensayo. Con mucha gracia me dijo: unas veces la cito, pero otras no. Yo le dije que si, adelante. (“Literatura policiaca mexicana” 81; “Dos testigos” 102) Trabajo leido en el Coloquio “De Inclusiones, Exclusiones y Otros Olvidos.” Carlos Monsivais. 70 Anos. Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico; del 6 al 8 de mayo de 2008 (panel “Monsivasianas” de UC- Mexicanistas [Intercampus Research Program]). Foto que acompana el articulo de Elena Poniatowska (“Mananitas a Carlos Monsivais”). 3 Y si de conmemoraciones se trata, aunque de 1904, Agustin Yanez tambien nacio un 4 de mayo. Al hablar en 1993 del cambio rotundo de la literatura mexicana a mitad del siglo XX, Monsivais ejemplifico con Al filo del agua como la novela que expuso claramente la sexofobia catolica de este pais (Entrevista de Juan Jesus Aznares). Gran lector de Al filo…, Monsivais tiene por esta novela un especial reconocimiento. Me interesa la relacion Monsivais-Bermudez. Busco en Google. En lugar de Maria Elvira me sale una Sari… Ahora soy yo la que no entiendo lo que esta pasando o si ya entendi lo que [no] paso. Tambien me sale un nino; no, es una nina, que se apellida Monsivais Bermudez… nada que ver con los nuestros, que aquellos son de Michoacan y los nuestros, respectivamente, de la Portales y de la Roma.