cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel digital shearography with wide angle of view for nondestructive inspection

Digital shearography is widely accepted in non-destructive inspection of honeycomb sandwich structures due to its advantages of validity, non-contact, simple setup and robustness. In digital shearography, Michelson shear interferometer (MSI) is a dominant shearing device because it is easy to change the shearing amount and direction. However, the conventional digital shearography based on MSI suffers from the small angle of view which limits its employments in full field inspection of a big size sample at a short working distance. A novel structure digital shearography with wide angle of view introduced in this paper is developed to overcome the disadvantage. In the new shearography optical arrangement, the image lens is separated with the camera and locates at the front of system. A 4f imaging system is used to transmit the image of object from the imaging lens to the camera. The shearing device, MSI, locates between the imaging lens and camera. The angle of view in this shearography has no limit to the setup but it is based on several parameters, such as the focus length of the imaging lens and the size of the imaging device inside the camera. Thus wide angle of view can be easily achieved by changing those parameters. Using this novel digital shearography, full field inspection of the big size honeycomb sandwich structure can be rapidly conducted at a short working distance.
Photobiological impact of [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 and [{(bpy)2Os(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 [bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; dpp=2,3-Bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine] on vero cells.

The in vitro photobiology of the supramolecular complexes [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 and [{(bpy)2Os(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 [bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine; dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine] with African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells was investigated. Previously, the complexes have been shown to photocleave DNA in the presence or absence of O2. Vero cell replication was uninhibited for cells exposed to the metal complex but protected from light. Vero cells that were exposed to metal complex, rinsed, and illuminated with >460 nm light showed a replication response that was metal complex concentration-dependent. Vero cells exposed to 3.0−120 μM [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 and illuminated showed inhibition of cell growth, with evidence of cell death seen for complex concentrations ≥10 μM. Cells exposed to [{(bpy)2Os(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 at concentrations of 5.5−110 μM, rinsed, and illuminated showed only inhibition of cell growth. The impact of [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 and [{(bpy)2Os(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5 on cell growth ...
Teach for America and Symbolic Violence: A Bourdieuian Analysis of Education’s Next Quick-Fix

This paper seeks to analyze Teach for America (TFA) in terms of Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence in an attempt to expose the ways in which this organization perpetuates structures of inequality in the existing social order. The paper begins with a general description of TFA, followed by an overview of several studies in support of and opposition to the program. Next, Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic violence is outlined, after which the program is analyzed in terms of the ways in which it has perpetrated symbolic violence against both corps members and TFA-taught students. This analysis suggests that TFA cannot “create the systemic changes that will help end educational inequity” because it fails to take seriously its own embeddedness within and reproduction of these inequitable structures (Teach for America 2011a, p. 1). In effect, the ways in which TFA aims to accomplish its mission reveal the hidden, violent acts against both corps members and the students whom it purports to help.
The de Rham complex on unbounded domains with Sobolev space topology

Abstract This paper studies the operator d d ∗ + d ∗ d acting on q-forms on an unbounded domain with smooth boundary, where d is the exterior derivative and d ∗ is the adjoint of d calculated using the Sobolev space topology. The domain of d ∗ is determined and an expression for d ∗ is obtained. The operator d d ∗ + d ∗ d gives rise to a boundary value problem. Global regularity is obtained using weighted norms and global existence is obtained by using the theory of compact operators.
On time perception in visual movement fields

1. The equation, phenomenal velocity=phenomenal space/phenomenal time-, v=st, was proven in the following manner. Five cases where variation in the structure of the movement field causes variation in the phenomenal velocity were tested to find out if to the variation in phenomenal velocity corresponding variation in phenomenal time (or phenomenal space) of the movement were to be found. The results of these tests were in close agreement, with the values predicted, from the facts known about phenomenal velocity, on the supposition that the equation held. From this it is concluded that all those structural variations that increase the phenomenal velocity of a movement either increase the phenomenal space or shorten the phenomenal time for equal space correspondingly 2. 2. In far the greater number of cases, the variation is caused in the phenomenal time, and hence it is concluded that impression of duration gained by watching objects in visual movement fields is conditioned by the properties of the field in which the movement occurs. 3. These variations in the flow of phenomenal time are not isolated cases which could be explained as illusions, but are continuous variations conditioned by practically any change in the structure of the movement field. 4. Time where there is movement (filled time) is on the whole phenomenally longer than time marked off by disparate stimuli (unfilled time). This ratio varies, however, in accordance with the structure of the field in which the movement (filled time) occurs.
Interval Estimation of Revision Effect on Scale Reliability via Covariance Structure Modeling.

A didactic discussion of a procedure for interval estimation of change in scale reliability due to revision is provided, which is developed within the framework of covariance structure modeling. The method yields ranges of plausible values for the population gain or loss in reliability of unidimensional composites, which results from deletion or addition of scale components. The obtained confidence intervals can also be used for testing conventional as well as minimum effect hypotheses about the associated increment or drop in reliability. The approach yields as a by-product point and interval estimates for reliability of any instrument version, and is illustrated with two examples.
Cost of employee assistance programs: Comparison of national estimates from 1993 and 1995

The cost and financing of mental health services is gaining increasing importance with the spread of managed care and cost-cutting measures throughout the health care system. The delivery of mental health services through structured employee assistance programs (EAPs) could be undermined by revised health insurance contracts and cutbacks in employer-provided benefits at the workplace. This study uses two recently completed national surveys of EAPs to estimate the costs of providing EAP services during 1993 and 1995. EAP costs are determined by program type, worksite size, industry, and region. In addition, information on program services is reported to determine the most common types and categories of services and whether service delivery changes have occurred between 1993 and 1995. The results of this study will be useful to EAP managers, mental health administrators, and mental health services researchers who are interested in the delivery and costs of EAP services.
On the nature of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek /1973f/. II - Comparison of the working model with ground-based photographic observations

On the basis of photographic observations made at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the radial and transverse brightness profiles and time variations in the surface brightness of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek were examined. In the process of photometric reduction one-dimensional radial tracings passing through the comet's nucleus and covering the entire anti-tail were used in the place of the standard two-dimensional scans. Each radial scan was defined by the position angle, and 'noise' variations were interpolated from the known field brightness outside the anti-tail. An analysis of the results provides quantitative support for a previously proposed model (Sekanina, 1974) suggesting that the dust particles in the anti-tail suffered a significant loss in radius due to evaporation near the perihelion passage. Preliminary calculations indicate that only particles initially larger than 100-150 micrometers in diameter survived. The emission rate of dust may be comparable to those derived for Comets Arend-Roland (1957 III) and Bennett (1970 II).
Soluble polymer synthesis: An improved traceless linker methodology for aliphatic CH bond formation

Abstract A traceless linker was developed on a soluble polymer support. The methodology allows for the facile attachment of molecules possessing an alkyl halide appendage. The coupled molecule can be further functionalized before subsequent cleavage via a two-step oxidation-reduction sequence. This sequence allows for the synthesis of molecules containing no trace of the linker and the formation of a new CH bond.
Toward geometric decision making in unstructured environments

This paper presents an approach to sensor-based decision making in unstructured environments that relies on describing geometric structures by parameterized volumes. This approach leads to large systems of nonlinear, stochastic inequalities. We describe how these inequalities can be solved using interval bisection, discuss the structural and statistical convergence of the technique, and present some preliminary experimental results.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On subclasses of opioid analgesics.

AbstractBackground:The history of discovery of analgesic drugs has followed a trajectory from original serendipitous discovery of plant-derived substances to laboratory creation of customized molecules that are intentionally designed to interact with specific receptors of neurotransmitters involved in either the transmission of the pain signal or the attenuation of such a signal. The drugs most recently developed have been designed to provide incremental greater separation between pain relief and adverse effects. The result has been drugs that have individualized pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics that represent specific advances in basic science and translate into unique clinical profiles. Several of the drugs include non-opioid components. They retain some of the features of opioids, but have distinct clinical characteristics that differentiate them from traditional opioids. Thus they defy simple classification as opioids.Scope:A summary is provided of the development of the modern view...
The Multiphase Intergalactic Medium toward PKS 2155–304

We study the cluster of H I and O VI absorption systems and the claimed detection of O VIII absorption from the intergalactic medium at z ≈ 0.0567, associated with a group of galaxies toward the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304. As measured by spectrographs on the Hubble Space Telescope, Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, and Chandra, this system appears to contain gas at a variety of temperatures. We analyze this multiphase gas in a clumpy-infall model. From the absence of C IV and Si III absorption in the Lyα clouds, we infer metallicities less than 2.5%-10% of solar values. The only metals are detected in two O VI absorption components, offset by ±400 km s-1 from the group barycenter (cz ≈ 16,600 km s-1). The O VI components may signify "nearside" and "backside" infall into the group potential well, which coincides with the claimed O VIII absorption. If the claimed O VIII detection is real, our analysis suggests that clusters of strong Lyα and O VI absorbers, associated with groups of galaxies, may be the "signposts" of shock-heated metal-enriched baryons. Through combined UV and X-ray spectra of H I and O VI, O VII, and O VIII, one may be able to clarify the heating mechanism of this multiphase gas.
Implications of the surry piping failure for other nuclear and fossil units

Abstract This paper describes the key elements of an inspection plan to address utility concerns of flow assisted corrosion due to single-phase flow in carbon steel piping. The key elements of the plan are (a) where to look, (b) how to look, (c) when to look, and (d) how to respond. The plan is designed to provide utilities with the ability to predict piping thickness as a function of plant life for a given component and to assess the costs and benefits of a variety of remedy/repair options. The thrust of the inspection plan is to (a) conduct appropriate analysis and a limited but thorough baseline inspection program, (b) determine the extent of thinning, if any, and repair/replace components as necessary, and (c) perform follow-up inspections to confirm or quantify thinning and take longer term corrective actions (i.e. adjust chemistry, operating parameters, or others) as appropriate.
Ceramide Activates ICl,swell in Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes via Mitochondrial ROS Production

We previously showed that ICl,swell is activated by ROS generation via NADPH oxidase (NOX) and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Sphingolipid signaling is implicated in channel regulation. Here we examined the role of ceramide in the modulation of ICl,swell. Under isosmotic conditions, the addition of exogenous C2-ceramide (C2-Cer, 2 ∝M) increased Cl− current density by 0.7 ± 0.1 pA/pF at +60 mV after 10 min (n = 11, P<0.01). DCPIB (10 ∝M), a highly selective ICl,swell antagonist, inhibited C2-Cer-induced ICl,swell by 76 ± 8% (n = 6, P<0.01). The inactive analogue C2-H2Cer (2 ∝M) failed to stimulate ICl,swell (n = 6). Bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase, 0.03 U/mL) was used to elicit endogenous ceramide production. SMase increased ICl,swell by 1.1 ± 0.1 pA/pF after 14 min (n = 30, P<0.01). This activation was inhibited by DCPIB (78 ± 6%, 10 ∝M, n = 7 and 81 ± 6%, 30 ∝M, n = 4) and tamoxifen (116 ± 16%, 10 ∝M, n = 5). Next we identified the source of ROS. Exposure to the NOX-specific inhibitor apocynin (500 ∝M, 10 min) failed to suppress SMase-induced ICl,swell (n = 9), whereas we previously showed apocynin blocks activation of ICl, swell on swelling and stretch. Diphenyleneiodonium (60 ∝M), a flavoprotein oxidase antagonist that suppresses both NOX and ETC Complex I, fully inhibited SMase-induced ICl,swell after 20 min (100 ± 14%, n = 4, P<0.01). Rotenone (10 ∝M), a specific ETC Complex I inhibitor, also abrogated the SMase-induced activation of ICl,swell after 20 min (110 ± 18%, n = 5, P<0.05). These data indicate that there is a ceramide-sensitive component of ICl,swell, and it is regulated by mitochondrial ROS. Ceramide signaling may modulate ICl,swell in cardiac disease.
Evaluation of effectiveness of stop-sign treatment at highway–railroad grade crossings

The safety benefit of stop-sign treatment employed at passive highway-rail crossings has been a subject of research for many years. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the stop-sign treatment on crossing safety. Using the Federal Railroad Administration database, the research focused on 26 years of vehicle-train accident history in the United States from 1980 through 2005. A before-and-after and cross-sectional statistical analysis was conducted for 7,394 public highway-railroad grade crossings that were upgraded from cross buck only to stop signs without involvement in other traffic-control devices (TCDs) or automatic countermeasures. The study found that accident rates based on annual accident frequency per 1,000 crossings were significantly higher during the period when crossings were controlled by cross bucks only than when they were controlled by stop signs. Further, this study developed negative binomial accident prediction models, respectively, for paved and unpaved highway-rail grade-crossings that include effect for stop-sign treatment. Based on specific attributes of the current crossbuck-only-controlled crossings, decision makers and traffic engineers can use the models to examine the accident risks at crossings and assess the potential effectiveness of stop-sign treatment.
Constant Data to the Max: Constant Data for Each Patron

ABSTRACT The increase in Interlibrary Loan requests, along with a decrease in library budgets has made it necessary for Interlibrary Loan departments to find and use many labor and time saving methods in order to maintain good service. Creating a Constant Data Record for each patron is an excellent time saving method. Each patron has a Constant Data Record created that contains all the information that is necessary and helpful for both the borrowing and lending library. This is easily done by having a very accurate and complete Constant Data Default Screen. By using a formula for each patron their completed workform can be called up as needed. A book request can be sent with just seven key strokes after the bibliography is located, if Custom Holdings are used. Journal articles require more key strokes, because more information is needed to locate a specific article, but input time is still saved.
Infrared astronomical imaging using a microcomputer data system

A small, portable data-acquisition and display system with a unique coprocessor was designed and built to collect data from infrared array detectors for astronomical and laboratory use. The system consists of a microcomputer board, two 12-bit analog-to-digital data-acquisition boards, a color-graphics driver board, and two coprocessor boards. The coprocessors are arithmetic logic units designed to achieve the high computation rates necessary for real-time infrared background cancellation. The system can collect data from infrared detectors of 1 to 256 pixel elements with a computation rate of 768 kHz. The software for the system was designed to collect data in the system's background, while performing other tasks in the system's foreground. The data for the detector arrays is stored in block fashion to facilitate variable image size.
GDNF in a bind with known orphan: accessory implicated in new twist.

The GDNF example highlights the fact that variants of the same basic protein domain can be employed to bind to totally different partners. While GDNF is most related to the TGFβs, it shares a basic cysteine knot structure with ligands such as NGF and PDGF (Sun and Davies 1995xSun, P.D and Davies, D.R. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 1995; 24: 269–291Crossref | PubMedSee all ReferencesSun and Davies 1995). The extracellular domains of the various receptors bound by all these factors appear to be structurally quite diverse, as are their intracellular signaling domains. Thus, it is becoming clear that it can be deceptive to predict the receptor and signaling pathways exploited by a particular growth factor based simply on its structure. But those of us who wrongly assumed that GDNF surely bound to a TGFβ-like receptor system should not be ashamed that we were fooled by superficial appearance. After all, it has taken mammalian taxonomists hundreds of years, and the most sophisticated of genetic technologies, to finally realize that the guinea pig is not, after all, a rodent (D'Erchia et al. 1996xD'Erchia, A.M, Gissi, C, Pesole, G, Saccone, C, and Arnason, U. Nature. 1996; 381: 597–600Crossref | PubMedSee all ReferencesD'Erchia et al. 1996)!
Low-oscillation command switch-times for relay-driven cranes with asymmetrical acceleration and deceleration

Cranes powered by relay-controlled circuits constitute an important set of industrial cranes used throughout the world. Due to their simplicity, ruggedness, and long service life, this type of crane can be found in older factories or in applications where precise motion control is not a strict requirement. However, controlling payload oscillations on this type of crane is challenging for two reasons: 1) Relays that can only be turned on or off allow for only limited control over the crane trolley velocity; and 2) These cranes typically have nonlinear asymmetrical acceleration and deceleration properties. This paper presents a method for determining the relay switch-times that move payloads with low residual oscillation. First, a closed-form equation for the residual oscillation given an arbitrary input motion is derived. Second, the relationship between crane trolley motion and switch-times is established. Finally, numerical searches are used to determine minimal-oscillation switch-times.
Multihormone regulation of steroidogenesis in cultured porcine granulosa cells: studies in serum-free medium.

FSH, LH, and estradiol are known to modulateovarian follicular differentiation. However, the cellular site of action and relative importance of the three hormones haveremained uncertain. The recent development of a serum-free system for the culture of immature porcine granulosa cells hasenabled us to reinvestigate these issues with better control of pituitary peptides and gonadal steroids. Progesterone production in response to FSH was higher in cells cultured in serum-free complete medium than in those grown in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum [10-fold vs. 1.5–2 fold (control)]. Ovine LH alone was also able to stimulate progesterone production in serumfree complete medium (6-fold); this effect could not be accounted for by FSH contamination. The LH stimulation, however, was enhanced by FSH. Insulin was required for both FSH and LH stimulation of progesterone production. Estradiol stimulated progesterone production per se (2- to 3-fold) and also enhanced FSH and LH actions. The estimated ED50 for estr...
Unambiguous State Discrimination in Quantum Key Distribution

The quantum circuit and design are presented for an optimized entangling probe attacking the BB84 Protocol of quantum key distribution (QKD) and yielding maximum information to the probe. Probe photon polarization states become optimally entangled with the signal states on their way between the legitimate transmitter and receiver. Although standard von-Neumann projective measurements of the probe yield maximum information on the pre-privacy amplified key, if instead the probe measurements are performed with a certain positive operator valued measure (POVM), then the measurement results are unambiguous, at least some of the time. It follows that the BB84 (Bennett---Brassard 1984) protocol of quantum key distribution has a vulnerability similar to the well-known vulnerability of the B92 (Bennett 1992) protocol
The Brunn-Minkowski-Firey inequality for nonconvex sets

The definition of Minkowski-Firey L"p-combinations is extended from convex bodies to arbitrary subsets of Euclidean space. The Brunn-Minkowski-Firey inequality (along with its equality conditions), previously established only for convex bodies, is shown to hold for compact sets.
Signal transduction through NF-κB

Abstract The inducible transcription factor NF-κB plays a central role in the regulation of many immune and inflammatory responses. Advances in our knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that control the activation of NF-κB and recent insights into the nature of the IκB-kinase represent significant steps forward in understanding this important signaling pathway.
The History of Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Personal Perspective

The present explosive interest in screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent and preventable cancers, had its beginnings at a hospital in London and an Internist's office in Ohio. Demonstrated there were the concepts that CRC did not occur de-novo but arose from a premalignant polyp, that detection of the resultant cancer at an earlier stage was associated with better survival and that cancer could be detected at an early presymptomatic stage by screening. Many years later, the introduction of colonoscopy and colonoscopic polypectomy provided the opportunity for randomized trials to prove that these concepts were true. The sequence of rigorous science followed by guidelines consensus and then multilevel national efforts of screening implementation has resulted in a decline in the CRC incidence and mortality worldwide, most significantly in the USA. Campaigns have been initiated to maximize population screening and further investigate its optimal approach. Some historical details of this success story and many of the key participants are presented in this paper.
Immunochemical properties of three enzymatically derived fractions from human plasma orosomucoid.

1. 1. Immunochemically homogeneous orosomucoid (α1-acid glycoprotein, α1seromucoid, seromucoide acide) was incubated with a partially purified hyaluronidase preparation, and the crude digest was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The three non-dialyzable fractions obtained by this procedure were analyzed by chemical, electrophoretic and immunochemical methods. 2. 2. Although they possessed essentially identical carbohydrate compositions, three fractions exhibited markedly different physical, chemical, and immunochemical properties. Fraction I retained the electrophoretic mobility of the native glycoprotein in agar gel, but had an effective molecular size∗∗ at least equal to that of 7-S globulins. It precipitated weakly with orosomucoid-specific antibody, and possessed a precipitin-inhibitory capacity only 27% that of the intact molecule. Fraction II, while appearing essentially unchanged in molecular size and electrophoretic mobility, had a markedly reduced protein stain affinity, and a precipitin-inhibitory capacity only 78% that of the native material. Fraction III had an effective molecular size similar to that of polypeptides with molecular weights between 4000 and 8000, and possessed a considerably elevated carbohydrate-to-protein ratio. In contrast to the other two fractions, it was soluble in a 5% acetic acid-70% ethanol fixative, and was neither capable of precipitating with anti-orosomucoid antibody, nor of inhibiting the latter's interaction with native glycoprotein. 3. 3. These results are presented as further evidence in support of a non-involvement of the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoprotein in its antigenicity in vitro, and may also be of value toward elucidation of its molecular structure.
Factors affecting coagulation with aluminum sulfate—II. Dissolved organic matter removal

Abstract This paper describes the effects of initial water quality conditions and water treatment variables on the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during coagulation with aluminum sulfate. Inital pH, initial turbidity, aluminum dose, preozonation dose and flocculation time were studied as experimental variables. An orthogonal experimental design was employed with statistical analysis of data by the Duncan's Multiple Range test. The removal of DOM was studied by measuring nonpurgeable organic carbon (NPOC) and u.v. absorbance. Treated waters derived from selected experiments were further characterized to elucidate how important characteristics of the DOM affect its removal.
Parameter Sensitivity in System Identification of Parallel Mechanisms

This paper presents a study on the sensitivity of the dynamics of parallel kinematic mechanisms (PKMs) and their effects on the system identification of inertial parameters. Comparing the sensitivity of the individual terms in the equations of motion, a delineation of areas prone to convergence errors in the presence of measurement noise and design parameter variations can be characterized. The design parameter variations evaluated were the strut masses, platform mass, joint location errors and friction. Comparative observations are made using sample trajectory based characterizations. Detailed results are presented for the University of Florida Special 6-6 PKM.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Role of Plasmagenes

IN Prof. C. H. Waddington's review of the book by Boris Ephrussi, “Nucleo-cytoplasmic Relations in Micro-organisms”1, the major adverse criticisms do not, in my opinion, stand up to close examination.
Non-ICU Care of Hemodynamically Stable Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Objective To analyze a 4½-year experience caring for hemodynamically stable mechanically ventilated patients on a nonmonitored respiratory care floor (RCF) for therapeutic outcome, utilization, and costs. Design A retrospective medical records review. Setting ICUs and an RCF of a university-affiliated tertiary care center. Participants Two hundred twenty-four patients requiring more than 24 h of mechanical ventilation cared for on the RCF. Results The mean age of patients was 67±17 years. Of the admissions, 58% were from the medical ICU, 28% were from surgical ICUs, and 9.4% were from general medical floors. Patients spent 50±66 days mechanically ventilated on the RCF. Overall survival was 50.4% with 93.8% of surviving patients successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. Survival by diagnostic group demonstrated highest probability of survival in patients with trauma and lowest in patients with multisystem failure. Of the survivors, 39% were discharged home, 34% to a rehabilitation unit, and 24% to a skilled nursing facility. Savings based on differential of costs between the ICU and RCF, primarily from reduced staffing requirements, were estimated at $4.1 million. Conclusion Use of a nonmonitored RCF for the care of hemodynamically stable mechanically ventilated patients yields acceptable therapeutic outcomes while providing the institution with increased flexibility in critical care bed management and significant financial savings.
A longitudinal evaluation of treatment engagement and recovery stages

Recent methodological advancements for structural equation modeling were used to test a comprehensive version of the TCU Treatment Model, especially for addressing the hypothesized sequential relationships of early engagement components (participation and therapeutic relationship) and early recovery (psychosocial and behavioral changes) that contribute to retention and posttreatment recovery. Relationships among pretreatment patient motivation, treatment process elements, a cognitive-based treatment strategy, retention, and drug use outcomes were estimated using intake, during treatment, and 1-year followup data for 711 patients in outpatient methadone treatment. Hypothesized sequential elements representing treatment process and patient functioning were supported, and relationships between these components were estimated also as odds ratios as an aid for translating the findings and increasing their clinical usefulness to treatment settings.
Near-resonant Rayleigh scattering and atomic flame flourescence spectroscopy

Abstract Near-resonant Rayleigh scattering and collision-induced resonance fluorescence of sodium have been observed in a combustion environment at atmospheric pressure. Sodium atoms in the equilibrium region of a flat-flame burner were excited by a pulsed-dye laser. The behavior of the two signals as the laser was detuned from the resonance line was studied and was found to agree with theoretical predictions. The results have important implications for atomic flame-fluorescence spectroscopy in that trapping is avoided at large atom number densities.
Warp convergence in conjugate gradient Wiener filters

In this work, we present interesting case studies that lead to new and deeper results on fast convergence of reduced-rank conjugate gradient (RRCG) Wiener filters (WF), for applications in communications and sensor array signal processing. We discover that for signal modes with a specially structured Gram matrix, which induces L groups of distinct eigenvalues in the data covariance matrix, a fast and predictable convergence, in at most L steps, can be achieved when the RRCG WF is used to detect, and/or to focus on, the desired signal mode. For such applications, given knowledge of the repeated eigenstructure of the Gram matrix of signal modes or of the measurement covariance matrix, a RRCG Wiener filter, of at most rank L, delivers the same performance as the full-rank Wiener filter. Typically L is much less than the rank of the Gram matrix.
Is Older Colder or Colder Older? The Association of Age With Body Temperature in 18,630 Individuals

In animal studies, caloric restriction resulting in increased longevity is associated with a reduction in body temperature, which is strain specific and likely under genetic control. Small studies in humans have suggested that temperatures may be lower among elderly populations, usually attributed to loss of thermoregulation. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 18,630 white adults aged 20-98 years (mean 58.3 years) who underwent oral temperature measurement as part of a standardized health appraisal at a large U.S. health maintenance organization. Overall, women had higher mean temperatures (97.5 ± 1.2°F) than men (97.2 ± 1.1°F; p < .0001). Mean temperature decreased with age, with a difference of 0.3°F between oldest and youngest groups after controlling for sex, body mass index, and white blood cell count. The results are consistent with low body temperature as a biomarker for longevity. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether this represents a survival advantage associated with lifetime low steady state temperature.
Electric Organ Discharge Displays during Social Encounter in the Weakly Electric Fish Brienomyrus niger L. (Mormyridae)

We investigated the electric organ discharge (EOD) activity of the mormyrid fish Brienomyrus niger during social encounters. The fish were contained in porous ceramic shelters and tested alone and in pairs in an experimental tank designed to restrict communication to the electrosensory modality. We moved one fish toward and away from a stationary conspecific, beginning at a distance known to be outside the range of communication (250 cm). Baseline EOD activity was recorded prior to interaction and categorized as ‘variable’, ‘regular’, and ‘scallop’. When moved closer together, the fish modulated this baseline activity in four ways: (1) At 100–130 cm apart, the stationary fish emitted a maximum of sudden EOD rate increases which defined the outer limit of its communication range. (The associated Electric Field Gradient was 1 μV/cm). (2) Long EOD cessations, which we called social silence, lasted from 5–130 s and occurred most frequently when the fish were 36 to 55 cm apart (EFG: 100 μV/cm). The duration of social silence was negatively correlated (r = − 0.862) with the responding fish's size, and was independent of the partner's sex and size. Fish whose EOD baseline pattern was ‘scallop’ were least likely to fall electrically silent, and those that were categorized as ‘regular’ or ‘variable’ were most likely to cease discharging. (3) Within electrolocation range, fish ‘regularized’ their EOD activity while the partner was ‘silent’ (EFG: 1 mV/cm). (4) Following long EOD cessations the fish resumed discharging with characteristic EOD rebound patterns. The possible ethological significance of these findings is discussed.
METAL CHELATE FORMATION BY N-PHOSPHONOMETHYLGLYCINE AND RELATED LIGANDS

Abstract Thirteen selected divalent and trivalent metal ions were equilibrated with N-phosphonomethylglycine(PMG) at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios of metal ion to ligand at 25.0° and ionic strength μ=0.100 M. Similarly, the same metal ions were also studied with iminobismethylenephosphonic acid (IDP), which has not been previously investigated, as well as the well known ligand, iminodiacetic acid (IDA) (to obtain equilibrium data for the latter not available in the literature). The complexes formed were studied as a function of −log[H+]. All of the appropriate equilibrium stability constants were calculated with the aid of the interactive computer program BEST. The constants obtained generally reproduce the entire experimental potentiometric equilibrium curves to within 0.01 log[H+] units. The protonation constants 10.142, 5.460, 2.229 reproduce the potentiometric equilibrium curve of free PMG to within a σ value of 0.004 log[H+] units while 10.79.6.08, 5.04 and 0.86 are the protonation constants for IDP.
Neuroreceptor imaging in psychiatry: theory and applications.

The ability of single photon emisssion computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) to image specific biomolecules in the living brain provides a unique tool for clinical researchers. Given this, it is not surprising that the use of neuroreceptor imaging techniques has become more widespread over the past decade. These tools are currently being used to study neurological and psychiatric disorders and to inform early‐stage drug development. The accurate derivation of receptor parameters from PET or SPECT brain activity data involves model‐based methodology. These models take into account the various sources comprising the total activity observed in the brain and fluctuations in the relative contributions from these sources over the time course of the scan. The goal of this chapter is to first present the theory underlying these models providing the reader with a conceptual framework for understanding this technique. Subsequently, we will discuss the specific methods used to generate the outcome measures from neuroreceptor studies in detail. Finally, the application of neuroreceptor imaging to the study of specific psychiatric illnesses will be reviewed.
Near-infrared surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (NIR-SERS) for the identification of eosin Y: Theoretical calculations and evaluation of two different nanoplasmonic substrates

This work demonstrates the development of near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NIR-SERS) for the identification of eosin Y, an important historical dye. NIR-SERS benefits from the absence of some common sources of SERS signal loss including photobleaching and plasmonic heating, as well as an advantageous reduction in fluorescence, which is beneficial for art applications. This work also represents the first rigorous comparison of the enhancement factors and the relative merits of two plasmonic substrates utilized in art applications; namely, citrate-reduced silver colloids and metal film over nanosphere (FON) substrates. Experimental spectra are correlated in detail with theoretical absorption and Raman spectra calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in order to elucidate molecular structural information and avoid relying on pigment spectral libraries for dye identification.
Canine Colonic Microstructure and Function as Affected by the Level of Dietary Protein

Fifteen adult mongrel dogs, 5-24 kg body wt, were fed one of three diets that varied in the level of dietary protein (12%, 24% or 36%). Dogs were fed their re spective diets for a minimum of 14 d before experi mentation. Colonie function was evaluated by in vivo perfusion, cecum to rectum, of 90-min duration. Tis sues were collected from the proximal, mid and distal colon for analysis of oxygen consumption rate, protein content and mucosal morphology. Oxygen consump tion rate (tissue energetics) was measured over time with glucose as the substrate. Colonie mass (1.33%, 2.45% and 2.57% body wt) and protein content (0.63, 1.10 and 1.16 g/kg body wt) (12, 24 and 36%, respec tively) were significantly less (P < 0.05) in dogs fed the 12% compared with those fed 24 and 36% protein diets. In addition, tissue energetics (0.21,0.44 and 0.57 urn O2'g~1'min~1 increased significantly with each increase in dietary protein (12, 24 and 36% protein, respectively). Significant differences were also noted in tissue energetics for the proximal, mid and distal colonie segments. Morphometric studies revealed a larger (P < 0.05) ratio of colonie surface area to mu cosal volume in dogs fed the 24% and 36% diets rel ative to those fed the 12% protein diet. Colonie trans port of sodium, chloride and individual fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were significantly different for the various dietary protein levels. Signif icant differences in effluent pH, osmolality, bicarbon ate and base excesswere also noted among diet groups. The data suggests that the canine large bowel acts as a protein sink, accumulating protein with the in creased dietary level. Furthermore, colonie structure and tissue energetics adapt to various levels of dietary protein, resulting in a modification of the absorptivesecretory process of the bowel.
Acidity effects on the formation of α-pinene ozone SOA in the presence of inorganic seed

Abstract A 2 m 3 chamber was used to explore the effect of relative humidity (RH) and inorganic composition on aerosol yield due to aerosol phase heterogeneous processes in the α -pinene ozone oxidation system. The inorganic compositions considered range from pure aqueous sulfuric acid to a completely neutralized acid, ammonium sulfate. The heterogeneous organic mass (OM H ) and the organic mass from partitioning (OM P ) were decoupled from the total organic mass to consider the effect of acidity parameters solely on the aerosol mass fraction they impact the most (OM H ). An experiment with aqueous ammonium sulfate was preformed in a 25 m 3 chamber to determine the distribution of α -pinene ozone products for an explicit multiproduct model used in the decoupling process. Both RH and inorganic seed composition were found to influence heterogeneous aerosol yield, due to the acid catalytic nature of the reactions that lead to this mass. The highest heterogeneous aerosol yields were found under conditions of low RH and strongly acidic inorganic seed compositions. A multiple linear regression model is presented and analyzed to show that both RH and inorganic seed composition significantly influence the production of aerosol mass through heterogeneous processes. The results presented here aid our understanding of the development of heterogeneous mass in the presence of inorganic aerosols and will be useful for modeling heterogeneous aerosol mass.
Identification of Rare Variants in Alzheimer's Disease

Much progress has been made in recent years in identifying genes involved in the risk of 16 developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Yet despite the identification of over disease associated loci, mainly through genome wide association studies, a large proportion of the genetic component of the disorder remains unexplained. Recent evidence from the AD field, as with other complex diseases, suggests a large proportion of this “missing heritability” may be due to rare variants of moderate to large effect size, but the methodologies to detect such variants are still in their infancy. The latest studies in the field have been focused on the identification of coding variation associated with AD risk, through whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing. Such variants are expected to have larger effect sizes than GWAS loci, and are easier to functionally characterize, and develop cellular and animal models. This review explores the issues involved in detecting rare variant associations in the context of Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting some successful approaches utilized to date.
Utility of SPECT/CT for periparotid sentinel lymph node mapping in the surgical management of head and neck melanoma

Abstract Purpose Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is instrumental in staging and treatment of cutaneous melanoma. SPECT/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) integrated with computed tomography (CT), increases the accuracy of SLN mapping to improve surgical planning. SPECT/CT can correct for signal scatter to prevent masking, which is especially common in the head and neck. For periparotid lymph nodes SPECT/CT may improve localization of SLNs compared to lymphoscintigraphy. Materials/Methods Hospital charts were reviewed for 14 patients with melanoma and suspected lymphatic drainage to the parotid region who received lymphoscintigraphy followed by SPECT/CT prior to surgical excision and SLN. Results Overall, SPECT/CT provided data, which changed management in 57% of patients. Conclusions Fifty-seven percent of our patients benefited from use of SPECT/CT. The distinction between level II and parotid sentinel lymph nodes was clearly identified through SPECT/CT images. We believe that patients with melanoma draining to the parotid region would benefit from SPECT/CT SLN mapping.
The Discrete and the Continuous in Freud’s “Remembering, Repeating and Working Through”

There are two crucial passages in Freud’s “Remembering, Repeating and Working Through” that require the analyst to think about entities in the mind while at the same time thinking about the mind as...
Carrier Dynamics Investigation on Passivation Dielectric Constant and RF Performance of Millimeter-Wave Power GaN HEMTs

The effect of the passivation layer dielectric constant and T-gate geometry on the performance of millimeter-wave high-power GaN HEMTs is investigated through a nanoscale carrier dynamics description obtained by full-band cellular Monte Carlo simulation. The effective gate length is found to be increased by fringing capacitances and enhanced by the dielectric constant of the passivation layer in the regions adjacent to the gate for layers thicker than about 5 nm. Detailed simulation results are shown for the carrier energy, velocity, scattering, and electric field profiles along the channel. The output impedance under small- and large-signal operations is also discussed. Our results indicate that the effect of the passivation layer dielectric constant changes the nanoscale carrier dynamics and can strongly affect the radio-frequency performance of deep submicrometer devices.
Synthesis and characterization of novel halloysite-incorporated adhesive resins

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of Halloysite ® aluminosilicate clay nanotubes (HNTs) addition on selected physical, mechanical, and biological properties of experimental adhesive resins. Methods Experimental dentin adhesive resins were prepared by mixing Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA (50/25/25 wt.%), and photo-initiators. As-received HNTs were then incorporated into the resin mixture at distinct concentrations: 0 (HNT-free, control), 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 wt.%. The degree of conversion (DC), radiopacity (RP), Knoop hardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), and cytotoxicity analyses were carried out for each adhesive formulation. The adhesive resin of Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) was used as the commercially available reference for both the RP and cytotoxicity tests. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test ( p ≤ 0.05). Results All adhesives exhibited similar DC ( p = 0.1931). The RP of adhesives was improved with the addition of up to 5 wt.% of HNTs ( p p p ≤ 0.001). None of the prepared adhesives was cytotoxic. Conclusion The incorporation of up to 10 wt.% of HNTs into the adhesive resins did not jeopardize the tested physical and biological properties. Clinical significance When using HNTs as carriers of drugs/bioactive compounds, the amount of the former added into adhesive resin materials should not exceed 10 wt.%; otherwise, a significant reduction in physicomechanical properties may be expected.
Demonstration of a horseshoe-shaped longitudinal focal profile

The three-dimensional laser focal region has been spatially shaped so that in the focal plane the transverse intensity distribution is centrally peaked, whereas at multiple defocused planes along the laser propagation direction, the distribution is annular. The longitudinal profile of such a shaped laser focal volume is approximately in the form of a