cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating success in a border school: Culture and literacy in the empowerment of hispanic high school students

In this qualitative study the author provides a thorough review of culture and its implications with failure and successful leaming. Additionally, his discussion focus on the cognitive dimensions of culture and the relationship of academic achievement and literacy. This first part provides as theoretical frame of reference to describe the ethnographic South San Diego Writing Project where High School Chicano students isolated in the cornmunity and minimally exposed to English speaking peers improve the quantity and quality of English compositions while also increasing participation and cooperation writing activities. The author finishes exposing the implications of action research and the empowerment of minority students while recommending interdisciplinary research on dropout to implement educational reform.
A Progressive Postresection Walking Program Significantly Improves Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life in Pancreas and Periampullary Cancer Patients

Background As patients with pancreas and periampullary cancer (PPC) experience improved survival rates and longevity, the focus shifts toward living life while surviving cancer. Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom in all cancer patients. Exercise has been found to effectively decrease fatigue levels and improve physical functioning in cancer patients. Study Design One hundred two patients with resected PPC consented to participate in this study and were randomized to either an intervention group (IG) or a usual care group (UCG). Subjects completed visual analog scales, the FACIT-Fatigue Scale and the Short Form-36v2 after surgery and again 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge. Results Patients in the IG and UCG were comparable with regard to demographics, comorbidities, cancer type and staging, type of resection, preoperative fatigue and pain levels, adjuvant therapy, and baseline walking distance. Patients in the IG had significantly improved scores on the FACIT-Fatigue Scale at study completion, improved fatigue and pain scores, as well as overall physical functioning and mental health composite scores. At study completion, participants in the IG were walking twice as far and were significantly more likely to have continued walking or another form of exercise as compared with the UCG. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 3 mutually exclusive symptom groupings were identified in the cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not indicate an overall survival benefit for the IG. Conclusions This is the first prospective, randomized controlled trial to report that participation in a home walking program confers a significant benefit in resected PPC patients with regard to fatigue levels, physical functioning, and health-related quality of life.
Laser Light Diffraction, Spatial Filtering, and Reconstruction of Medical Radiographic Images: A Pilot Study

Using a laser light source, an optical bench, transform lenses, and spatial filters in a system called LaserScan, 1 we are studying laser light diffraction, spatial filtering, and reconstruction of medical radiographic images, with the help of GTS Corporation, whose laboratories house the laser computer. Medical radiographs are minified to a 35 mm second-generation transparency, then transilluminated by monochromatic, coherent, collimated light from a helium-neon gas laser. A first transform lens produces a Fourier Transform of the minified image in the form of a diffraction pattern that is photographed on Polaroid film, and/or viewed with a CCTV system. Spatial filtering is accomplished in the plane of the diffraction pattern by using various opaque elements of appropriate geometric form to filter undesired spatial frequencies. Spatial filters take the form of ``wires,'' ``sector-wedges,'' and circular apertures, as well as other empirically determined shapes. A second lens performs an inverse Fourier transform on the diffraction pattern producing a reconstructed, filtered, real image of the minified film. This reconstructed image is also photographed on Polaroid film or viewed on the CCTV screen. One of our goals is to remove certain unnecessary pattern detail from particular radiographic images so that characteristic patterns of diagnostic picture detail might be more readily identified and diagnosed. Experimental results, including photographs of diffraction patterns and some filtered reconstructed images, are presented.
Current Sensing-Assisted Active Pixel Sensor for High-Speed CMOS Image Sensors

In this paper, we describe an active pixel CMOS image sensor that employs a current-sensing readout circuit. The readout uses a column-level current-sensing amplifier with negative feedback to increase current driving capability, which gives significantly faster settling time. A prototype $128\,\times \,3$ pixel sensor with a current gain of 10 was fabricated using standard 0.35- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technologyand demonstrated a reduction in settling time by a factor of 14 for both negative and positive voltage swings of the output node. The power consumption of the column-level readout amplifier is 110 $\mu \text{W}$ .
State of stress in the lithosphere: Inferences from the flow laws of olivine

The experimental flow data for rocks and minerals are reviewed and found to fit a law of the form $$\dot \varepsilon = A'\left[ {\sinh \left( {\alpha \sigma } \right)} \right]^n \;\exp \left[ { - \left( {E* + PV*} \right)/RT} \right]$$ where ὲ = strain rate, σ = differential stress, P = hydrostatic pressure, T = temperature, and A′, α, n, E*, and V* are material constants.
Electron Capture and Loss Cross Sections for Protons Passing through Air

Measurements have been made of the electron-loss cross section ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ and the electron-capture cross section ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ for hydrogen beams in air. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ varied from 24.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 40.8 kv to 13.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 325 kv. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ varied from 20.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 31.4 kv to 2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 122 kv. In the ranges quoted, the cross sections were well represented by the formulas, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}=(24.54\ensuremath{-}\frac{0.866E}{{E}_{0}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}=[41.4\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{0.562E}{{E}_{0}})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ where ${E}_{0}=24.8$ kv, the energy of a proton having the velocity $\frac{{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$. By extrapolation of the data, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ was found to equal ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ at energy ${E}_{0}$.
Morphometric analyses of Purkinje and granule cells in aging F344 rats

In this study, the Purkinje neurons and granule neurons in the cerebellar cortex were studied in male Fischer 344 rats at 3, 9, 18, and 27 months of age. The numbers of Purkinje cells (PC) and granule cells (GC) in folia IV, VII, and X of the vermis were quantitated with the disector stereological technique. The numbers of PC and GC and the ratio of PC to GC were stable with advancing age. Measurements of the molecular layer, however, showed that this layer, the site of synaptic contact between GC and PC, decreased in volume with age.
Exploring inconsistencies in genome-wide protein function annotations: a machine learning approach

Incorrectly annotated sequence data are becoming more commonplace as databases increasingly rely on automated techniques for annotation. Hence, there is an urgent need for computational methods for checking consistency of such annotations against independent sources of evidence and detecting potential annotation errors. We show how a machine learning approach designed to automatically predict a protein's Gene Ontology (GO) functional class can be employed to identify potential gene annotation errors. In a set of 211 previously annotated mouse protein kinases, we found that 201 of the GO annotations returned by AmiGO appear to be inconsistent with the UniProt functions assigned to their human counterparts. In contrast, 97% of the predicted annotations generated using a machine learning approach were consistent with the UniProt annotations of the human counterparts, as well as with available annotations for these mouse protein kinases in the Mouse Kinome database. We conjecture that most of our predicted annotations are, therefore, correct and suggest that the machine learning approach developed here could be routinely used to detect potential errors in GO annotations generated by high-throughput gene annotation projects. Editors Note : Authors from the original publication (Okazaki et al.: Nature 2002, 420:563–73) have provided their response to Andorf et al, directly following the correspondence.
Twister: a runtime for iterative MapReduce

MapReduce programming model has simplified the implementation of many data parallel applications. The simplicity of the programming model and the quality of services provided by many implementations of MapReduce attract a lot of enthusiasm among distributed computing communities. From the years of experience in applying MapReduce to various scientific applications we identified a set of extensions to the programming model and improvements to its architecture that will expand the applicability of MapReduce to more classes of applications. In this paper, we present the programming model and the architecture of Twister an enhanced MapReduce runtime that supports iterative MapReduce computations efficiently. We also show performance comparisons of Twister with other similar runtimes such as Hadoop and DryadLINQ for large scale data parallel applications.
NEUTRALIZATION OF SIVMAC239/17E IN LYMPHOCYTE CULTURES INVOLVES VIRUS STRAIN-SPECIFIC LINEAR AND CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPES ENCODED BY DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE ENV GENE INCLUDING THE V3 DOMAIN

SIVmac251 and its closely related derivatives SIVmac239 and SIVmac239/17E vary greatly in their susceptibility to neutralization with homologous and heterologous antisera. Whereas SIVmac251 induces homologous neutralizing antibodies, the antibodies induced by SIVmac239 rarely neutralize infectivity of this virus in lymphocyte cultures. In contrast, SIVmac239/17E is remarkably susceptible to neutralization with homologous and heterologous antisera induced by other strains of SIVmac. In this study, we studied the molecular basis for the neutralization of SIVmac239/17E. Using chimeric viruses in which different regions of the env gene of both SIVmac239 and SIVmac239/17E were inserted into a background of either of the parental genomes, we showed that the newly acquired neutralization properties of SIVmac239/17E were attributable to amino acid substitutions between the V2 and V4 regions of gp 120. Site-directed mutagenesis of the env gene in this region showed that the arginine substitutions at positions 334 and/or 340 within the "V3" domain were fundamental to virus neutralization but other substitutions in the V2-V4 region added to the ease of its neutralization since it became neutralizable with much higher dilutions of serum. The molecular determinants for neutralization of this virus are distinct from those reported as responsible for neutralization of SIVmac251 and both are distinct from SIVmac239.
Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to the study of the autoxidation products of fats

The usefulness and limitations of near infrared spectroscopy as applied to the oxygenated products of fat oxidation has been studied. Hydroperoxides, acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones all absorb in the narrow range from 2,700 mμ to 3,000 mμ. Alcohols may be distinguished from hydroperoxides and acids, but the latter are too close together to be resolved. In mixtures all the C=O absorptions attributable to esters, aldehydes, and ketones combine to form one band. In autoxidizing methyl oleate, the increase in alcohol, carbonyl, and combined acid-hydroperoxide can be followed in the near infrared spectra of CCl4 solutions. In the absence of acid the increase in hydroperoxide absorbance is linear with peroxide value. The changes in the spectra of a reduced and bicarbonate-washed sample of oxidized methyl oleate correlate well with the expected chemical changes.
An apparatus for temperature programmed desorption from high surface area solids: the adsorption and desorption of C2H4 from NaX-zeolite

Abstract A technique for the application of temperature programmed desorption from high surface area solids has been developed using ultra-high vacuum procedures (UHV) and a sample preparation method that employs only microgram quantities of the adsorbent. The solid sample is highly dispersed to avoid interparticle mass and heat transport effects common in experiments with powders. The desorption spectrometer is designed for use in various types of studies of interest in catalysis. As an exploratory experiment, the adsorption behavior of ethylene on NaX-zeolite was reinvestigated. A model is proposed for the adsorption and subsequent diffusion of C 2 H 4 into the zeolite pores. The desorption activation energy of 8.7 kcal mol and a saturation capacity of 1.8 × 10 14 C 2 H 4 cm 2 are in excellent agreement with the values obtained by others, and the saturation capacity is as expected on geometrical grounds. Three C 2 H 4 binding sites are discriminated on NaX-zeolite, with one being on the external surface of the nominally 1micrometer zeolite crystals, and the other two being due to adsorption inside the zeolite cages.
Vistas and parallel tracking and mapping with Wall–Floor Features: Enabling autonomous flight in man-made environments

Abstract We propose a solution towards the problem of autonomous flight in man-made indoor environments with a micro aerial vehicle (MAV), using a frontal camera, a downward-facing sonar, and odometry inputs. While steering an MAV towards distant features that we call vistas , we build a map of the environment in a parallel tracking and mapping fashion to infer the wall structure and avoid lateral collisions in real-time. Our framework overcomes the limitations of traditional monocular SLAM approaches that are prone to failure when operating in feature-poor environments and when the camera purely rotates. First, we overcome the common dependency on feature-rich environments by detecting Wall–Floor Features (WFFs) , a novel type of low-dimensional landmarks that are specifically designed for man-made environments to capture the geometric structure of the scene. We show that WFFs not only reveal the structure of the scene, but can also be tracked reliably. Second, we cope with difficult robot motions and environments by fusing the visual data with odometry measurements in a principled manner. This allows the robot to continue tracking when it purely rotates and when it temporarily navigates across a completely featureless environment. We demonstrate our results on a small commercially available quad-rotor platform flying in a typical feature-poor indoor environment.
The Impedance Analysis of Reaction Kinetics at the Interface between Molten Sn–S Alloy and ZnCl2–NaCl Salt

The interfacial reaction between molten Sn-S alloy and ZnCl 2 -NaCl salt was studied by an A. C. impedance method to clarify the individual kinetic factors concerning the electrode reaction at the interface between the alloy and the salt. The total impedance between Sn-S alloy and ZnCl 2 -NaCl salt was measured. The results obtained were successfully used to determine the individual kinetic factors on electrode reaction between the alloy and the salt, such as electrolyte resistance R e , double-layer capacitance C d , charge transfer resistance R ct , rate constant of desulfurization reaction kf and so on. When overpotential η equals to - 85 mV, these values are as follows: R e =2.93 × 10 -5 Ωm 2 , R ct =2.47 × 10 -5 Ωm 2 , C d =1.01 Fm -2 , k f =2.1 × 10 -3 S -1 .
An analysis of the recall of sequences of related words

Three experiments examined the effect of sequences of semantically related words on recall. Experiment I demonstrated an overall distance effect; recall for related words increased as distance between them in the list decreased. Experiment II showed that this distance effect operated on the establishment of a code for the storage and retrieval of the related words. Once the code was set up, recall was improved for all subsequent related words irrespective of distance. Experiment III showed that the code had an effect on both storage and retrieval. The establishment of the code was related to short-term storage while the application of the code to each of the words, as a mnemonic device, was related to long-term storage.
Association of cardiac troponin T with left ventricular structure and function in CKD.

Background Serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is associated with increased risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death in several population settings. We evaluated associations of cTnT levels with cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in a cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) without heart failure. Study Design Cross-sectional. Setting & Participants Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC; N=3,243). Predictor The primary predictor was cTnT level. Secondary predictors included demographic and clinical characteristics, hemoglobin level, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C. Outcomes Echocardiography was used to determine left ventricular (LV) mass and LV systolic and diastolic function. Measurements Circulating cTnT was measured in stored sera using the highly sensitive assay. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine associations of cTnT level with each echocardiographic outcome. Results cTnT was detectable in 2,735 (84%) persons; median level was 13.3 (IQR, 7.7-23.8) pg/mL. Compared with undetectable cTnT ( P Limitations The presence of coronary artery disease was not formally assessed using either noninvasive or angiographic techniques in this study. Conclusions In this large CKD cohort without heart failure, detectable cTnT had a strong association with LV hypertrophy, a more modest association with LV systolic dysfunction, and no association with diastolic dysfunction. These findings indicate that circulating cTnT levels in patients with CKD are predominantly an indicator of pathologic LV hypertrophy.
Spontaneous Spondylolisthesis in Embryonic and Adult Chick

The incidence of spontaneous avian spondylopathy was maintained between 58 and 66% in the progeny of one flock (Flock A) and less than 40% in the progeny of another (Flock B), by proper selection and breeding for 4 generations. Spondylolisthesis, the major type of spondylopathy present, was observed at the first and sixth vertebral levels. Spondylolisthesis was progressive in nature and consisted of a ventrodorsal rotation of the 1st and/or 6th thoracic vertebrae leading to spinal cord injury and paraplegia or partial crippling in some birds. There was occasionally extensive muscle degeneration and connective tissue proliferation around the distorted vertebrae and the spinous ligaments bridging the defect were stretched and appeared heavier than normal. Spondylopathy was also observed in 20-day chick embryos. Spondylolisthesis was observed in 33% of the embryos examined from Flock A-G2 and the other conditions present consisted of scoliosis and abnormal lordosis and kyphosis. Using a grading scale of +1 (mild) to +3 (severe), all cases of embryonic spondylopathy were graded as +1. The back defects present in Flock B-G2 embryos were entirely due to abnormal kyphosis.
Lymphocyte trafficking in psoriasis: a new perspective emphasizing the dermal dendrocyte with active dermal recruitment mediated via endothelial cells followed by intra-epidermal T-cell activation.

Prominent within the inflammatory infiltrate of psoriasis are HLA-DR positive T lymphocytes and factor XIIIa positive dermal dendrocytes. Many investigators studying psoriasis have assumed that the HLA-DR positive T cells are activated, and thereby capable of producing lymphokines such as gamma interferon. However, by immunohistochemical analysis, greater than 95% of the dermal T cells in psoriatic lesions are Ki-67 negative, which suggests that they are in a resting or non-cycling (Go) state. In contrast to the darmal T-cell population, the epidermal T-cell population contains a greater population of Ki-67 positive lymphocytes. The entry of the T cells into the epidermis is, therefore, apparently associated with an important activation event, which in all likelihood involves interaction with the keratinocyte. The presence of activated intraepidermal T cells has been substantiated by the ability to detect gamma interferon mRNA by polymerase chain reaction in epidermal sheets of psoriatic lesions. The pathophysiologic implication in psoriasis for these distinctions and compartmentalization involving dermal and epidermal T cells are placed into the context of a cascade of cellular trafficking events, which are further dissected into a specific network of molecular mediators of inflammation. This report suggests that more attention should be placed on the microenvironment of the skin, with specific emphasis on the mechanism by which T cells accumulate in the dermis and epidermis, and elucidation of the selective inductive and recruitment capabilities of endothelial cells, perivascular dermal dendrocytes, and keratinocytes.
The in Vitro Conversion of Norsolorinic Acid to Aflatoxin B1. An Improved Method of Cell-Free Enzyme Preparation and Stabilization

The biosynthesis of the environmental carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (13) is initiated by the formation of a C6-primer by a dedicated yeast-like fatty acid synthase. Homologation of this starter unit by a...
Identification and discrimination of consonant-vowel syllables by younger and older adults

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether age-related differences would be observed among adults in the identification and discrimination of synthesized 5-formant consonantvowel syllables in which the voiced-stop consonants varied in the place-of-articulation feature. Listeners were aged 18–23 and 60–75 years, and all had pure-tone averages ≤25 dB HL. The older listeners exhibited poorer syllable identification thresholds, more shallow identification functions, larger just noticeable differences, and poorer free response performance than younger listeners. Among the older listeners, those with high-frequency sensitivity ≥30 dB HL at 4 kHz had poorer free responses to syllables than those with better 4-kHz thresholds. In other respects, high frequency sensitivity did not discriminate among older listeners. Explanations considered as accounting for the observed age-related differences included frequency discrimination, since sensitivity, alone, did not account for the results.
The soliton mass in the sine-Gordon theory

Abstract A fully quantum mechanical variational calculation is presented for the mass of soliton and anti-soliton states in the two-dimensional sine-Gordon theory. The mass turns out to be a smooth function of the coupling parameter, and it interpolates between previously known results, which are valid at the ends of the interval of variation of this parameter.
Sodium and potassium activities in normal and "sodium-rich" frog skeletal muscle.

In frog sartorius muscles immersed for 2 hours at 26°C in normal Ringer solution, the intrafiber potassium concentration , CK (in millimoles per liter), was 123 ± 2 (mean value plus or minus standard error), and the potassium activity , aK (in millimoles per liter), was 90 ± 1.0. The corresponding sodium concentration and activity were 20 ± 1 and 6.5 ± 0.4, respectively. After overnight immersion in K+-free Ringer solution the values were: CK, 97 ± 2; aK, 81.5 ± 1.6; CNa, 47 ± 2; and aNa, 11.2 ± 0.6. The changes in aK and aNa during storage were not consistent with an exchange between predominantly "free" fiber K+ and external Na+. These results suggest that the Na+ taken up during overnight immersion largely replaced adsorbed or sequestered K+ in the fibers.
Clinical profile and outcomes of diabetic and nondiabetic patients in cardiac rehabilitation.

Background Patients with diabetes mellitus have increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, there are limited data addressing cardiac rehabilitation in these patients. This study assessed the effectiveness of participation in cardiac rehabilitation on clinical outcomes after myocardial infarction and/or revascularization procedures in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Methods Analysis on 1505 patients completing a minimum of 7 weeks of a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation program included fasting lipid profile and glucose, body mass index, and metabolic equivalent time in patients with diabetes (n = 292) and without diabetes (n = 1213). Results There were significant improvements in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in each group after cardiac rehabilitation. Diabetic women and nondiabetic men had the greatest improvement in HDL-C, with an improvement of 4.9% in diabetic women ( P = .02) and an improvement of 4.1% in nondiabetic men ( P ≤ .0001). On completion of cardiac rehabilitation, both diabetic and nondiabetic patients were at National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III goals in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides at a higher rate. However, patients with diabetes did not reach National Cholesterol Education Program goals for HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides as effectively as nondiabetic patients. Exercise capacity improved by 28.1% in diabetic patients after cardiac rehabilitation ( P Conclusions These results suggest that participation in a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program integrates care of patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes to achieve comparable cardiac risk factor reduction as achieved with nondiabetic patients.
Effect of gamma irradiation on simulated waste glass leaching and on the leach vessel

Concern over the low resistance of teflon to radiation-induced damage leads to the requirement that, when teflon leach vessels are used, the exposure limit is 1 X 10/sup 5/ rad of beta or gamma radiation during a leach experiment. This limit is supported for MCC 76-68 simulated waste glass by the present investigation.
Familial congenital valvular pulmonic stenosis

Abstract This is an account of the only known parent-child pair with classic isolated congenital valvular pulmonic stenosis. Both patients had phonocardiograms, electrocardiograms, vectorcardiograms, chest x-rays, cardiac catheterization, and angiocardiography. In addition, genetic information was sought from fingerprints, palm prints, hair and iris color, facial characteristics, colorblindness tests, blood typing and antigens, and degree of kinship existing in the family tree.
Damping of nonequilibrium acoustic phonon modes in a semiconductor quantum dot

Femtosecond measurement techniques have been applied previously to determine the damping rate of nonequilibrium acoustic phonon modes in a spherical quantum dot. In this account, the elastic continuum model of acoustic phonons is applied to model theoretically the damping rate of such nonequilibrium acoustic phonons. These calculations suggest that mechanical damping is a dominant mechanism for the previously observed damping.
Allagash Russet: A new potato variety from maine

The Allagash Russet potato is an early to mid-season variety with oblong, attractive, uniformly-russeted tubers. Resistance of tubers to skinning and bruising during handling, and slow sugar build-up in cold storage are two advantages of this all-purpose potato. Tubers do not show the net necrosis associated with leafroll virus infection, and are moderately resistant to common scab.
Impact of climate warming on upper layer of the Bering Sea

The impact of climate warming on the upper layer of the Bering Sea is investigated by using a high-resolution coupled global climate model. The model is forced by increasing atmospheric CO2 at a rate of 1% per year until CO2 reaches double its initial value (after 70 years), after which it is held constant. In response to this forcing, the upper layer of the Bering Sea warms by about 2°C in the southeastern shelf and by a little more than 1°C in the western basin. The wintertime ventilation to the permanent thermocline weakens in the western Bering Sea. After CO2 doubling, the southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea becomes almost ice-free in March, and the stratification of the upper layer strengthens in May and June. Changes of physical condition due to the climate warming would impact the pre-condition of spring bio-productivity in the southeastern shelf.
EXPLORING DYNAMICS THROUGH POLARIZATION

The Optimal Formalism is reviewed and applied to determining various amplitudes from observables in pp elastic scattering. A sophisticated Regge model fails to explain these amplitudes, but OPE remains valid. Striking simplicity is found in the "sidewise" frame. The relevance of QCD is
Absence of RNA Synthesis in Shed Human Spermatozoa

THE spermatozoon, the carrier of the paternal inheritance, has a brief lifetime in vitro, during which it must be viable and motile until it has fulfilled its function of conjugating with the ovum. Mature, though non-motile, sperm can survive for many days in the male reproductive tract before being shed, and they may survive for up to 6 days in the female tract, according to recent observations1. On the other hand, in vitro, their viability, as judged by motility, is limited to a few hours. The metabolism of the sperm would therefore appear to be different in each of these several circumstances.
A quantitative correlation of the LC50 values of esters in pimephales promelas using physicochemical and topological parameters

In recent years much emphasis has been given to the development of easily calculated molecular descriptors that can adequately predict the pharmacological and toxic action of bioactive molecules. In this article a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of industrially important esters was carried out using hydrophobicity (log P, octanol-water), molecular connectivity indices (lX, lXv), Wiener number (W) and information-theoretic topological indices defined on the total molecular graph. Information-theoretic topological indices studied include information content (IC), structural information content (SIC) and complementary information content (CIC), as well as information indices derived from the distance matrix of the hydrogen-suppressed chemical graph (IWD, IWD). The topological index lXv, an electronic parameter, was found to be the single best descriptor for predicting the LC50 values of esters in Pimephales promelas. However, a multiparametric relationship including a lipophilic (log P), an electronic (lXv) and a steric (CIC) parameter resulted in the most significant correlation, suggesting multiconditionality in the mode of toxic action of these esters.
224 REMODELING OF THE EPITHELIAL BASAL LAMINA (BL) BY THE 224 MESENCHYME DURING MORPHOGENETIC TISSUE INTERACTION

The multilobular morphology of the 13 day mouse embryonic submandibular epithelium (Ep) is maintained by its BL. Although the Ep alone produces a BL with identical characteristics as the BL in Intact glands, it requires mesenchyme for morphogenesis. To assess mesenchyme function, the turnover of BL-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was measured during in vitro morphogenesis. After labeling with 3H-glucosamine, the mesenchyme was removed and the isolated Ep were divided into stalk, lobules (the sites of new growth and branching) and the base (which contains the morphogenetically quiescent interlobular clefts). Incorporation kinetics and precursor pool specific activities showed that the stalk is in the steady state regarding GAG metabolism, that the base accumulates GAG at a 5-fold greater initial rate than the lobules, and that the rate of GAG loss in the lobules is greater than in the base and, during morphogenesis, becomes greater than its rate of replacement. Autoradiography showed that the bulk of the GAG is in the BL and that during a chase BL-GAG is lost more rapidly from the lobules than from the clefts. However, this rapid loss occurs only in the presence of mesenchyme. Thus, BL-GAG turns over more rapidly on the lobules than on the clefts and the GAG degradation is due to the mesenchyme. The rapid remodeling of the BL on the lobules may allow more Ep growth and branching than the more stable BL on the clefts. One mechanism of morphogenetic tissue interaction may be mesenchymal degradation of the epithelial BL. (Supported by NIH grant HD 06763.)
Spatial Aspects of the Productivity Slowdown: An Analysis of U.S. Manufacturing Data

Abstract We investigate the spatial differentiation in the rates of change of manufacturing productivity growth in the U.S. Using an application of the “expansion method,” we focus on the relation between the productivity slowdown and the Snowbelt-Sunbelt shift that materialized at approximately the same time during the mid-1960s. We find that the spatial patterns of manufacturing productivity acceleration were different before and after the mid-1960s, and we suggest that a redirection of capital flows is the mechanism behind the spatial patterns observed and the interrelations between the slowdown and the shift.
Modeling pulsed soil respiration in an African savanna ecosystem

Abstract Savannas cover 60% of the African continent and play an important role in the global carbon (C) emissions from fire and land use. To better characterize the biophysical controls over soil respiration in these settings, half-hourly observations of volumetric soil–water content, temperature, and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at different soil depths were continually measured from 2005 to 2007 under trees (“sub-canopy”) and between trees (“inter-canopy”) in a savanna vegetation near Skukuza, Kruger National Park, South Africa. The measured soil climate and CO 2 concentration data were assimilated into a process-based model that estimates the CO 2 production and flux with coupled dynamics of dissolved organic C (DOC) and microbial biomass C. Our results show that temporal and spatial variations in CO 2 flux were strongly influenced by precipitation and vegetation cover, with two times greater CO 2 flux in the sub-canopy plots (∼2421 g CO 2 m −2 yr −1 ) than in the inter-canopy plots (∼1290 g CO 2 m −2 yr −1 ). Precipitation influenced soil respiration by changing soil temperature and moisture; however, our modeling analysis suggests that the pulsed response of soil respiration to precipitation events (known as “Birch effect”) is a key control on soil fluxes at this site. At this site, “Birch effect” contributed to approximately 50% and 65% of heterotrophic respiration or 20% and 39% of soil respiration in the sub-canopy and inter-canopy plots, respectively. These results suggest that pulsed response of respiration to precipitation events is an important component of the C cycle of savannas and should be considered in both measurement and modeling studies of carbon exchange in similar ecosystems.
Employment of persons with disabilities in information technology jobs: literature review for "IT works".

This article reviews relevant literature as to the labor pool of qualified individuals with disabilities and employment in information technology (IT) sector jobs. First, the article reviews the empirical literature on barriers to employment in IT for persons with disabilities. The examination then is extended to studies of barriers to employment for individuals with disabilities in other employment sectors. Findings illustrate the limited experiences that IT and non-IT companies have in employing and accommodating employees with disabilities. Implications are discussed for enhancing the employment of qualified workers with disabilities in IT through research, education, training, and mentoring programs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic expression of endogenous IL-10 is increased in chronic hepatitis C

Endogenous liver Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibits Th1 cytokine mediated inflammation and macrophage effector functions. These properties of IL-10 have been shown to reduce inflammation and hepatic injury in animal models of hepatitis. Recently, treatment with IL-10 has been reported to normalize ALT, improve histology and reduce hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C. However, production of endogenous hepatic IL-10 in patients with hepatitis C is not well defined.
Desaktivierungsverhalten von Arenen und Heteroarenen XIX. Die Temperatur‐ und Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Desaktivierung des Benzo[g]chinolins

The energetic lowest excited singlet and triplet states, the quantum yields of fluorescence, intersystem crossing, and internal conversion, the singlet life times, the fluorescence anisotropy and the dipol moments of the ground and the excited states of benzo[g]quinoline are determined. The dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield on temperature is attributed to a thermal activated deactivation process of the first excited singlet state by intersystem crossing. Considering a contribution of temperature independent radiationless deactivation this temperature dependence obeys the Arrhenius equation. - At increasing acceptor behaviour and ET-values of the solvent the activation energy of temperature dependent intersystem crossing is increasing too. A linear relationship between the experimental determined activation energies and the solvent parameter (ET + b · NA), (NA = Acceptor number, b = 8.3 J · mol−1), is obtained. The rate constants of the temperature dependent intersystem crossing process are different in the cases of investigated solvents and correlate with the above-mentioned solvent parameter, provided heavy atomes are absent. These results are explained by the different solvation of S1 (π π*-character) and T3 (π π*-with partial nπ*-character). — At 77 K no phosphorescence can be observed (op ≤ 0.01). It follows that the temperature independent intersystem crossing process is negligible. — The quantum yields of internal conversion decrease at increasing solvent parameter. This fact is attributed to the weaker coupling of the S1 (π π*) and S2 (n π*) states in the case of increasing energy distance and, connected with this, smaller Franck-Condon-factors of the internal conversion.
Glia maturation factor β regulates the growth of N18 neuroblastoma cells

Glia maturation factor beta (GMF-beta) is a 17-kDa growth regulating protein isolated from the brain. The effect of bovine GMF-beta on neurons was tested on the neuroblastoma line N18 and the pheochromocytoma line PC12. GMF-beta inhibited the proliferation of N18 cells and promoted their neurite outgrowth, with an increase in neurofilament protein, but had no effect on PC12 cells. This was in contrast to nerve growth factor (NGF) which regulated PC12 but not N18. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), on the other hand, had a weak effect on PC12 but none on N18. Antisera against GMF-beta and NGF neutralized the biological activity of the corresponding growth factors but showed no cross-neutralization. Fluorescence visualization revealed the binding of GMF-beta to N18 cells but not to PC12 cells; the opposite was true with NGF.
Overstep Thrust Sequence Development in Winnemucca Fold and Thrust Belt, North-Central Nevada: ABSTRACT

The Sonoma Range lies at the western edge of the Winnemucca fold and thrust belt of north-central Nevada in which lower Paleozoic rocks are thrust westward over para-autochthonous Triassic shelf rocks that overlie Mesozoic autochthonous lower Paleozoic rocks. Evidence from this range indicates that the Winnemucca thrust sequence developed in overstep, rather than piggyback, fashion. This assertion is based on fabric elements of the Triassic rocks and on the assumption that the style and attitude of a given fold reflect the relative proximity of thrusts at the time of formation of said fold. The data may be summarized as follows: (1) four generations of Winnemucca-age folds are recognized; all are west verging and show the same sense of asymmetry; (2) in succeeding generations, the apical angle of folds increases and axial planes change from nearly horizontal to nearly vertical; (3) also in succeeding generations, deformation becomes more penetrative, and shortening and hinge thickening decrease. If the Winnemucca thrust system were to have developed in piggyback manner, one would expect subsequent deformations to progress from open to tight folds, upright to recu bent folds, and little to much shortening, and to remain relatively uniform in degrees of penetrativeness and thickening in the hinge. End_of_Article - Last_Page 950------------
An Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell (EPI‐NCSC) Molecular Signature

Here, we report the first transcriptome for mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC, formerly eNCSCs). In addition, our study resolves conflicting opinions in the literature by showing that EPI-NCSC are distinct from other types of skin-resident stem cells/progenitors. Finally, with the three gene profiles, we have established a foundation and provide a valuable resource for future mouse NCSC research. EPI-NCSC represent a novel type of multipotent adult stem cell that originates from the embryonic neural crest and resides in the bulge of hair follicles. We performed gene profiling by LongSAGE (long serial analysis of gene expression) with mRNA from EPI-NCSC, embryonic NCSC, and in vitro differentiated embryonic neural crest progeny. We have identified important differentially expressed genes, including novel genes and disease genes. Furthermore, using stringent criteria, we have defined an NCSC molecular signature that consists of a panel of 19 genes and is representative of both EPI-NCSC and NCSC. EPI-NCSC have characteristics that combine advantages of embryonic and adult stem cells. Similar to embryonic stem cells, EPI-NCSC have a high degree of innate plasticity, they can be isolated at high levels of purity, and they can be expanded in vitro. Similar to other types of adult stem cell, EPI-NCSC are readily accessible by minimal invasive procedure. Multipotent adult mammalian stem cells are of great interest because of their potential value in future cell replacement therapy by autologous transplantation, which avoids graft rejection.
Nasal administration of cardiac myosin suppresses autoimmune myocarditis in mice

Abstract OBJECTIVES This study was designed to examine whether myocarditis induced in a mouse model can be effectively suppressed by nasal administration of cardiac myosin (CM). BACKGROUND Myocarditis in humans often follows viral infection and is accompanied by evidence of an autoimmune response to CM. Treatment has been hampered by the fact that measures undertaken to reduce the autoimmune response often enhance the viral infection. Delivery of antigen via nasal route has been shown to induce antigen-specific tolerance and suppress certain autoimmune diseases in animal models. METHODS Myocarditis was induced in A/J mice by two subcutaneous injections of CM emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Nasal instillation of CM (200 μg/mouse) or vehicle buffer was carried out three days before the first subcutaneous injection (day −3). The effect of nasal instillation of CM on cardiac histopathology, cytokine production by splenocytes, and antibody response was examined three weeks after the first subcutaneous injection (day 21). RESULTS Nasal administration of CM effectively reduced the severity of myocarditis. Consistent with the histological findings, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β produced by splenocytes in response to CM were significantly decreased. In addition, the serum levels of IgE and IgG1 anti-myosin antibodies were suppressed. However, the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and CM-specific IgA antibodies were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results do not support active suppression through upregulation of TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-10 as a mechanism of tolerance, but favor anergy or deletion of both Th1 and Th2 autoreactive T cells.
Tenebrionid beetles in the shortgrass prairie: daily and seasonal patterns of activity and temperature

. 1. Patterns of daily and seasonal activity for seven species of tenebrionid beetles, genus Eleodes, were investigated in the shortgrass prairie of northeastern Colorado. The relationship between time of activity, body temperatures, and rates of water loss of the beetles was examined in the field and in laboratory experiments. 2. Common species were active from April until the end of October; however, asynchronous peaks of abundance occurred. 3. Beetles were diurnally active with peaks of daily activity occurring 2–4 h after sunrise and before sunset. Less than a 2 h shift in mean time of activity occurred between seasons. 4. Within species, body temperatures measured in the field closely corresponded to temperatures selected in an experimental thermal gradient; hence, species seemed to prefer particular body temperatures and were most active during times when those temperatures could be achieved. Body temperatures measured in the field approximated ambient temperatures measured in the vicinity of the beetle. 5. Significant differences among several species were found for times of daily activity and corresponding body temperatures. 6. Ability to resist water loss by evaporation was not correlated with daily or seasonal activity patterns.
Crystallographic data of an l-arabinose-binding protein from Escherichia coli

Abstract Single crystals of an l -arabinose-binding protein from Escherichia coli B/r suitable for a high-resolution structural analysis have been obtained. An X-ray examination of the orthorhombic crystals shows the space group is P212121, with unit cell dimensions: a = 55.3 A , b = 71.4 A and c = 77.5 A . The asymmetric unit contains one protein molecule with a molecular weight of 38,000.
A low‐profile planar antenna for DVB‐H terminals

A low-profile planar antenna has been developed for UHF-band DVB-H terminals. The antenna has a height of 8 mm and can be easily integrated with a printed circuit board. Through the exploitation of the electromagnetic coupling between a T-strip and an S-strip, the antenna can radiate efficiently over a wide frequency band. It has been demonstrated that the antenna can achieve a gain of −2 to −4 dBi over the DVB-H band (470–702 MHz), which is 3–7 dB higher than the standard specification. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1630–1633, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22556
Analysis of the cya locus of Escherichia coli

A 9500-bp DNA segment containing the adenylate cyclase gene (cya) of Escherichia coli has been isolated and analyzed. Four large proteins are encoded within this fragment - the adenylate cyclase protein (92 kDal), two proteins of unknown function (37 and 32 kDal), and a part of the uvrD-coded protein. Various truncated adenylate cyclase proteins, made from cya genes having as much as 60% of their carboxy-terminal end deleted, are sufficient to complement cya- hosts. When these truncated cya genes are present on a multicopy plasmid in a cya- host, the synthesis of beta-galactosidase is still regulated by glucose. The "maxicell" technique was used to visualize the four proteins encoded by this region and some of the truncated adenylate cyclase proteins.