cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
My) spirituality in medical education

During these times of the situated, contingent text, it is not unusual for an author to disclose her biases and other sources of potential partiality as a researcher or theorist. That is, an author often discloses her race, class origins, or sexual orientation at the onset, announcing particularities that enable readers to adjust their reading to the subjectivities inherent to knowledge production. One glaring omission to these announcements, especially in medicine, has to do with the spiritual domain. This essay, written as a personal narrative, provides one example of how one's spirituality is connected to what and how one chooses to teach, even in the medical academy. Acknowledging those beliefs and considering how our spirituality (along with our other subjectivities that are known to us) may influence our work is an important process in developing a more reflective practice.
ESTROGENS IN THE BOVINE--A REVIEW.

Abstract This review was made to indicate progress in describing the role of estrogenic substances in bovine reproduction. Chemical methods appear adequate for measuring estrogen in urine and most tissues, but more sensitive methods, such as double isotope derivative assay, need to be thoroughly studied and tested before reliable estimates can be made in peripheral blood. In vitro studies show that estrogens can arise in the bovine adrenal, ovary, and placenta from (a) acetate, (b) cholesterol, (c) progesterone, or (d) neutral C 19 - and C 18 - steroids. Estrone, 17 β -estradiol, and 17 α -estradiol have been unequivocally identified in the cow. Others have been suggested, but none appears to be satisfactorily identified. Estrone has been identified in bovine adrenals, bile, fetal cotyledons, feces, and urine. Only 17 β -estradiol has been tentatively identified in whole ovaries and follicular fluid. Urine and fetal cotyledons contain 17 α -estradiol, estrone, and 17 β -estradiol. Estrogenic biological activity has been detected in peripheral blood from anestrus, cycling, and pregnant cows, in amniotic and allantoic fluid, colostrum, milk, ovaries, follicular fluid, corpora lutea, placenta, feces, and urine. The urinary excretion of estrogens increases rather dramatically during the terminal stages of pregnancy, reaching a peak immediately before parturition, followed by a steady decline post-partum. Quantitative estimates presently available are extremely variable. Though qualitative and general interpretations can be made, conclusive quantitative description is currently impossible.
On the eta-invariant of some hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Abstract We derive an explicit formula for the η-invariant of hyperbolic 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries on some one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds (e.g., hyperbolic knot complements in S 3 ).
Characteristics of successful competitors: an evaluation of potential growth rate in two cold desert tussock grasses

Within the first few weeks after seedling emergence, Agropyron desertorum, a more competitive tussock grass, had a much higher mean relative growth rate (RGR) than Agropyron spicatum, a very similar, but less competitive species. However, beyond the early seedling stage, the two grasses had a remarkably similar whole-plant RGR in hydroponic culture and aboveground RGR in glasshouse soil, if root temperatures were above approximately 12°C. At soil temperatures between 5 and 12°C, A. desertorum exhibited a 66% greater aboveground RGR than A. spicatum (P<0.05). Both species responded similarly to warming soil temperatures. In the field, however, tiller growth rates were generally similar. Neither species showed marked tiller elongation until a couple of weeks after snowmelt, by which time soil temperatures, at least to a depth of 10 cm, were above 12°C for a significant portion of the day. Aboveground biomass accumulation over a three-year period indicated that both grasses had similar potential growth rates whereas Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, a common neighbor planted in the same plots, had a much greater potential growth rate. The greater competitive ability of adult A. desertorum, as compared to A. spicatum, cannot be attributed to appreciable differences in potential growth rates.
Gangliosides block antigen presentation by human monocytes.

Abstract Gangliosides, immunosuppressive molecules shed by tumor cells, are potent inhibitors of monocyte accessory cell function. However, the specific monocyte cellular defect caused by gangliosides is unknown. Here we sought to delineate whether this abnormality is in the induction of suppressor cells, in intracellular antigen processing, or in intercellular antigen presentation. Three sets of studies of the tetanus toxoid (TT)-induced lymphoproliferative response, which is dependent upon monocyte accessory function, address this issue: (1) Antigen (TT)-primed human monocytes incubated with 50–100 μM human brain gangliosides for 24–28 h, washed, and then combined with T-cells, were inhibited in triggering T-cell proliferation, showing that the effect was occurring after antigen processing was complete. (2) T-cell responses to immobilized anti-CD3 or to antigen-primed control monocytes in the presence of ganglioside-exposed monocytes were unaffected, showing that ganglioside-exposed monocytes did not act as suppressor cells. (3) Stimulation by TT peptide fragment 830–843, which does not require processing, was completely inhibited by exposure of monocytes to gangliosides. These findings identify ganglioside interference with monocyte accessory cell function at the level of antigen presentation. We conclude that tumor gangliosides may inhibit host anti-tumor cellular immune responses by preventing the effective cellular interactions of the antigen-primed monocyte with the responding T-lymphocyte.
Gelis sp., a Hyperparasitoid Attacking Bathyplectes curculionis Cocoons in Indiana

The hyperparasitoid Gelis sp. was found attacking Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), a parasitoid of Hypera postica (Gyllenhall). Gelis was reared from B. curculionis cocoons collected from 3 counties in Indiana ranging from the Ohio River north to the Michigan State line. Gelis adults were swept in LaPorte County throughout June and July with numbers attaining a catch of one per sweep on June 28, 1973. Gelis sp. adults collected in northern Indiana were taken to the laboratory where they were reared without diapause for 3 generations. Multiple stinging of B. curculionis (Thomson) by Gelis was common in the laboratory. However, the deposition of more than one egg in a cocoon was rare. No more than one parasite was reared from a single cocoon. Stinging of cocoons by Gelis sp. without ovipositing caused mortality of B. curculionis . A positive correlation was found between the percent mortality and the number of times the cocoon was stung. Notes on adult longevity, oviposition, and development are reported.
Spherical lipid bilayer membranes: Electrical and isotopic studies of ion permeability

Abstract The permeability of spherical lipid bilayer membranes (Pagano &, Thompson, 1967a,b) to sodium and chloride has been determined by direct measurement of isotopic fluxes and by calculation from the electrical parameters of this system. These membranes were generated in an aqueous sucrose density-gradient which was 0.2 m in NaCl, and were formed from a solution of egg phosphatidyl choline and n-tetradecane in chloroform-methanol. Using 22Na and 36Cl, the unidirectional fluxes MNa and MCl were found to be respectively 0.39 ± 0.02 and 90.2 ± 0.8 μμmoles/cm2/sec at 30°C °C, giving a value of M Na M Cl = 0.0043 . A plot of ln MCl versus T−1 was linear over the temperature range 10 to 30 °C, and yielded a value of 10.7 ± 0.4 kcal./mole for the activation energy for chloride permeation. The corresponding activation energy for sodium was not determined. Following the treatment of Hodgkin (Hodgkin, 1951), values of less than 2.0 μμmoles/cm2/sec for these fluxes were calculated from the electrical conductance and transference number data for this system. On the basis of the electrical transference data, the ratio M Na M Cl was expected to be about 4.9. The isotopic chloride flux was examined in detail and shown to exhibit saturation kinetics. The difference between this flux and the value calculated from the electrical parameters may thus be accounted for by assuming the existence of an auxiliary carrier-mediated diffusion mechanism for chloride permeation.
Pre-equilibrium plasma dynamics☆

Abstract Approaches towards understanding and describing the pre-equilibrium stage of quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions are reviewed.
Fast Fourier Transform Based Data Perturbation Method for Privacy Protection

Privacy preservation is a major concern in the application of data mining techniques to counterterrorism and homeland security. Data distortion is a critical component to preserve privacy in security-related data mining applications. We propose a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based method for data distortion, and compare it with the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based method. The experimental results show that the FFT based method can obtain similar performance as SVD based method in preserving privacy as well as maintaining utility of the datasets, however, the computational time used by the FFT based method is much less than the SVD based method. We conclude that the FFT based method is a very promising data distortion method.
Valuing long-term commodity assets

Abstract In this article I develop a one-factor model for the stochastic behavior of commodity prices that retains most of the characteristics of a more complex two-factor stochastic convenience yield model in terms of its ability to price the term structures of futures prices and volatilities. The model is based on the pricing and volatility results of the two-factor model. When applied to value long-term commodity projects, it gives practically the same results as the more complex model. The inputs to the model are the current prices of all existing futures contracts (and their maturities) and the estimated parameters of the two-factor model. It only requires, however, the numerical solution corresponding to a simple one-factor model. Existing computer programs can be easily modified to incorporate the essential elements of the new model.
Detrimental effects of coronary stenting on subsequent coronary artery bypass surgery: Is there another flag on the field?

Twenty-five years ago, Claude Grondin, a pioneer in the development of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), wrote an editorial in this Journal entitled ‘‘Late Results of Coronary Artery Grafting: Is There a Flag on the Field?’’ In that editorial, Grondin noted that long-term patencies of saphenous vein grafts were significantly reduced as a consequence of recurrent atherosclerotic disease. This observation heralded the emergence of alternative percutaneous methods to treat ischemic heart disease. The cardiac surgeon is now faced with an increasing number of patients with multivessel disease in whom previous percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) with coronary stents have already been performed before CABG. In this edition of the Journal, Tran and coworkers now report that patients with diabetes mellitus who have undergone stenting before CABG face an increased risk of operative death, increased perioperative complications, and decreased long-term survival. Does coronary stenting predispose toward adverse outcomes when CABG is subsequently needed? Is there another flag on the field? Previous studies have shown the superiority of CABG relative to PCI in patients with diabetes and multivessel disease. With the advent of the drug-eluting stent (DES), it has been suggested that stents will supplant CABG and become the primary method of revascularization for patients with diabetes mellitus. The endovascular changes seen in diabetes mellitus, however, increase stent stenosis by accelerating neointimal hyperplasia. Placing a foreign body, such as a stent, in a coronary artery initiates an inflammatory response that activates platelets and macrophages. This leads to remodeling of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle migration, which ultimately result in luminal narrowing. Although DES use has been shown to decrease vascular smooth muscle proliferation and reduce restenosis, the rate of restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus who receive DES
Disappearance of the Abrikosov vortex above the deconfining phase transition in SU(2) lattice gauge theory.

We calculate the solenoidal magnetic monopole current and electric flux distributions at finite temperature in the presence of a static quark-antiquark pair. The simulation was performed using SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the maximal Abelian gauge. We find that the monopole current and electric flux distributions are quite different below and above the finite temperature deconfining phase transition point and agree with predictions of the Ginzburg-Landau theory.
Cancer screening and detection: medical aspects.

I HAVE been asked to review the medical aspects of cancer screening and detection as a background for a discussion of the public response to these as cancer control measures. During the course of this review I shall briefly sketch the historic development of cancer detection programs, summarize the basic techniques involved for cancer screening and detection, and discuss the implications for both the profession and the public.
Theoretical analysis of subtractive color mixture characteristics IV—Theorems on ideal color and tristimulus dimension

Giving a continuation to our work to understand the characteristics of the tristimulus values in colors obtained by subtractive color mixture, we extend several theorems provided in our previous articles. Previously, we started proving theorems for a single dimension, considering only individual tristimulus values. In the present article, the one-dimensional discussion is extended to the three-dimensional discussions of the tristimulus space. These theorems establish the absolute lower and upper bounds for tristimulus values of subtractive color mixtures of the ideal color. The results contribute toward a comprehensive modeling of subtractive color mixture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 427–437, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Spiritual nurturance and support for nursing home residents with dementia

This mixed method study examined nursing home resident, family and staff views regarding spiritual nurturance and support for persons with dementia and analyzed institutional resources/approaches for meeting residents’ spiritual needs. For residents able to communicate in words (n = 47/83 or 57%), this topic evoked a range of emotional content, brought back memories, and yielded information about what mattered to them spiritually/religiously. Some observations and reported behaviors of residents unable to be interviewed directly (n = 36/83 or 43%) suggested emotional awareness of spiritual activities. Family member/staff perspectives revealed beliefs, concerns, and needs for support/training in the provision of spiritual care. Quantitative findings were consistent and identified differences between surveyed nursing homes (n = 48) with and without religious affiliations. Discussion of personhood, spiritual/ religious coping, and meeting spiritual care needs led to conclusions about the role of professional...
Profit sharing in a competitive environment

Abstract Nearly all theoretical discussions of profit sharing to date have, following Weitzman, assumed that firms are monopolistic or monopolistically competitive. The present paper investigates the employment effects of a profit sharing scheme in a competitive environment. It is found that profit sharing can actually reduce employment in the long run, since the profit share may produce subnormal profits and exit of existing firms.
Acidic Amino Acids Impart Enhanced Ca2+ Permeability and Flux in Two Members of the ATP-gated P2X Receptor Family

P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels expressed in nerve, muscle, bone, glands, and the immune system. The seven family members display variable Ca2+ permeabilities that are amongst the highest of all ligand-gated channels (Egan and Khakh, 2004). We previously reported that polar residues regulate the Ca2+ permeability of the P2X2 receptor (Migita et al., 2001). Here, we test the hypothesis that the formal charge of acidic amino acids underlies the higher fractional Ca2+ currents (Pf%) of the rat and human P2X1 and P2X4 subtypes. We used patch-clamp photometry to measure the Pf% of HEK-293 cells transiently expressing a range of wild-type and genetically altered receptors. Lowering the pH of the extracellular solution reduced the higher Pf% of the P2X1 receptor but had no effect on the lower Pf% of the P2X2 receptor, suggesting that ionized side chains regulate the Ca2+ flux of some family members. Removing the fixed negative charges found at the extracellular ends of the transmembrane domains also reduced the higher Pf% of P2X1 and P2X4 receptors, and introducing these charges at homologous positions increased the lower Pf% of the P2X2 receptor. Taken together, the data suggest that COO− side chains provide an electrostatic force that interacts with Ca2+ in the mouth of the pore. Surprisingly, the glutamate residue that is partly responsible for the higher Pf% of the P2X1 and P2X4 receptors is conserved in the P2X3 receptor that has the lowest Pf% of all family members. We found that neutralizing an upstream His45 increased Pf% of the P2X3 channel, suggesting that this positive charge masks the facilitation of Ca2+ flux by the neighboring Glu46. The data support the hypothesis that formal charges near the extracellular ends of transmembrane domains contribute to the high Ca2+ permeability and flux of some P2X receptors.
The Acceleration of Electrons by Magnetic Induction

Apparatus with which electrons have been accelerated to an energy of 2.3 Mev by means of the electric field accompanying a changing magnetic field is described. Stable circular orbits are formed in a magnetic field, and the changing flux within the orbits accelerates the electrons. As the magnetic field reaches its peak value, saturation of the iron supplying flux through the orbit causes the electrons to spiral inward toward a tungsten target. The x-rays produced have an intensity approximately equal to that of the gamma-rays from one gram of radium; and, because of the tendency of the x-rays to proceed in the direction of the electrons, a pronounced beam is formed
Targeted deep resequencing identifies coding variants in the PEAR1 gene that play a role in platelet aggregation.

Platelet aggregation is heritable, and genome-wide association studies have detected strong associations with a common intronic variant of the platelet endothelial aggregation receptor1 (PEAR1) gene both in African American and European American individuals. In this study, we used a sequencing approach to identify additional exonic variants in PEAR1 that may also determine variability in platelet aggregation in the GeneSTAR Study. A 0.3 Mb targeted region on chromosome 1q23.1 including the entire PEAR1 gene was Sanger sequenced in 104 subjects (45% male, 49% African American, age = 52±13) selected on the basis of hyper- and hypo- aggregation across three different agonists (collagen, epinephrine, and adenosine diphosphate). Single-variant and multi-variant burden tests for association were performed. Of the 235 variants identified through sequencing, 61 were novel, and three of these were missense variants. More rare variants (MAF<5%) were noted in African Americans compared to European Americans (108 vs. 45). The common intronic GWAS-identified variant (rs12041331) demonstrated the most significant association signal in African Americans (p = 4.020×10−4); no association was seen for additional exonic variants in this group. In contrast, multi-variant burden tests indicated that exonic variants play a more significant role in European Americans (p = 0.0099 for the collective coding variants compared to p = 0.0565 for intronic variant rs12041331). Imputation of the individual exonic variants in the rest of the GeneSTAR European American cohort (N = 1,965) supports the results noted in the sequenced discovery sample: p = 3.56×10−4, 2.27×10−7, 5.20×10−5 for coding synonymous variant rs56260937 and collagen, epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation, respectively. Sequencing approaches confirm that a common intronic variant has the strongest association with platelet aggregation in African Americans, and show that exonic variants play an additional role in platelet aggregation in European Americans.
Predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California

Timely hazard assessments are needed to assess post-fire debris flows that may impact communities located within and adjacent to recently burned areas. Implementing existing models for debris-flow probability and magnitude can be time-consuming because the geographic extent for applying the models is manually defined. In this study, a model is presented for predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion. This model is further calibrated to identify the geographic extent for applying post-fire hazard assessment models. Aerial photographs were used to map locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion and deposition in the San Gabriel Mountains. Terrain, burn severity, and soil characteristics expected to influence debris-flow erosion and deposition were calculated for each mapped location using 10-m resolution DEMs, GIS data for burn severity, and soil surveys. Multiple logistic regression was used to develop a model that predicts the probability of erosion as a function of channel slope, planform curvature, and the length of the longest upstream flow path. The model was validated using an independent database of mapped locations of debris-flow erosion and deposition and found to make accurate and precise predictions. The model was further calibrated by identifying the average percentage of the drainage network classified as erosion for mapped locations where debris flows transitioned from eroding to depositing material. The calibrated model provides critical information for consistent and timely application of post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment models and the ability to identify locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion.
Temporary ECMO support following lung and heart-lung transplantation

Following lung and heart-lung transplantation, pulmonary graft failure unresponsive to aggressive conventional therapy may be fatal. Fourteen transplant recipients were placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for pulmonary graft dysfunction. Nine patients had early (≤ 24 hours) graft failure while 5 had late (> 7 days) failure. Seven (78%) patients in the early group were weaned off ECMO and 5 (56%) survived to hospital discharge. In the late group, none of the patients could be weaned off ECMO, yielding 100% mortality. ECMO support instituted for pulmonary graft failure that occurred within 24 hours of transplantation may improve patient survival.
Sums and densities of fully coupled anharmonic vibrational states: a comparison of three practical methods.

Three practical methods for computing sums and densities of states of fully coupled anharmonic vibrations are compared. All three methods are based on the standard perturbation theory expansion for the vibrational energy. The accuracy of the perturbation theory expansion is tested by comparisons with computed eigenvalues and/or experimental vibrational constants taken from the literature for three- and four-atom molecules. For a number of examples, it is shown that the Xij terms in the perturbation theory expansion account for most of the anharmonicity, and the Yijk terms also make a small contribution; contributions from the Zijkl terms are insignificant. For molecules containing up to ∼4 atoms, the sums and densities of states can be computed by using nested DO-loops, but this method becomes impractical for larger species. An efficient Monte Carlo method published previously is both accurate and practical for molecules containing 3−6 atoms but becomes too slow for larger species. The Wang−Landau algorit...
Chronic ACTH treatment: influence on 5-HT2 receptors and behavioral supersensitivity induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions.

Abstract The capacity of the serotonin (5-HT) precursor 5-HIP to induce the ACTH-responsive myoclonic-convulsive disorder infantile spasms in patients with Down's syndrome has been cited as evidence for altered serotonergic neurotransmission in infantile spasms. Since there is no animal model of infantile spasms, the suitability of behavioral supersensitivity (myoclonus) evoked by 5-HTP in rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT) lesions as a model was tested by determining the effect of chronic treatment with ACTH (40 IU/kg) on 5-HTP-evoked myoclonus. In rats treated with DHT as adults, ACTH administration did not alter the “serotonergic behaviors”, such as myoclonus, induced by 30 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), but induced a small significant increase in B max of neocortical 5-HT 2 sites of the DHT group, with no change in rats without lesions. In rats treated with DHT as neonates, there was also no significant difference in behaviors evoked by several doses of 5-HTP. These data suggest that ACTH minimally modifies the effects on 5-HT receptors of DHT lesions, but the intracisternal DHT model is not a suitable model for infantile spasms because chronic ACTH was not antimyoclonic.
Optical wave properties of nano-particle chains coupled with a metal surface

Optical phenomena supported by ordered and disordered chains of metal nano-particles on a metal surface are investigated by considering a particular example of gold nano-bumps on a gold surface. The TWs supported by these structures are analyzed by studying the frequency-wavenumber spectra of the fields excited by localized sources placed near the chain. Periodic nano-bump chains support traveling waves (TWs) that propagate without radiation loss along, and are confined to the region near, the chain. These TWs are slow waves with respect to both space fields and surface plasmon polaritons supported by the metal surface. For nearly resonant nano-bumps, the TWs are well confined and can be excited efficiently by a localized source placed near the chain but the TW propagation length is short. For non-resonant nano-bumps, the TWs have large propagation lengths but are not well confined and are excited less efficiently. The TWs supported by nano-bump chains were shown to have larger propagation lengths than free-standing chains of the same dimension/size and cross-sectional confinement. TWs also are supported by disordered chains and chains with sharp bends. Perturbations in nano-bump positions are shown to reduce the TW propagation length much less significantly than perturbations in their sizes. Transmission through sharp chain bends is much stronger for nearly resonant nano-bumps than for nonresonant ones. In addition to their ability to support TWs, nano-bump chains can be used to manipulate (excite/reflect/refract) SPPs on the metal surface.
End of the cosmic neutrino energy spectrum

Abstract There may be a high-energy cutoff of neutrino events in IceCube data. In particular, IceCube does not observe either continuum events above 2 PeV, or the Standard Model Glashow-resonance events expected at 6.3 PeV. There are also no higher energy neutrino signatures in the ANITA and Auger experiments. This absence of high-energy neutrino events motivates a fundamental restriction on neutrino energies above a few PeV. We postulate a simple scenario to terminate the neutrino spectrum that is Lorentz-invariance violating, but with a limiting neutrino velocity that is always smaller than the speed of light. If the limiting velocity of the neutrino applies also to its associated charged lepton, then a significant consequence is that the two-body decay modes of the charged pion are forbidden above two times the maximum neutrino energy, while the radiative decay modes are suppressed at higher energies. Such stabilized pions may serve as cosmic ray primaries.
Internal loading of phosphorus from sediments of Lake Pontchartrain (Louisiana, USA) with implications for eutrophication

Diffusive flux of bioavailable soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) across the sediment–water interface is one mechanism by which sediments can be a source of phosphorus to the water column in aquatic systems and contribute to primary productivity. This process is dependent on sediment biogeochemistry and SRP concentration gradients at the sediment–water interface. In systems subjected to episodic external pulses of nutrient-rich water, SRP concentration gradients can have potential implications for diffusive flux. In this study, we sought to investigate two hypotheses: (1) diffusive flux of SRP from sediments is a significant source of SRP in the annual budget for the oligohaline Lake Pontchartrain estuary and (2) under SRP-depleted water column conditions following large episodic, external pulses of nitrogen-rich Mississippi River water to the estuary, internal SRP loading by diffusive flux can regenerate SRP in the water column to previously observed levels rapidly. Our specific objectives were to: (i) determine sediment, water column, and phytoplankton characteristics at multiple locations in the estuary, (ii) measure rates of SRP diffusive flux from sediments using intact cores under aerobic and anaerobic incubations, (iii) estimate the potential for water column SRP regeneration by diffusive flux under SRP-depleted conditions using a simple model, and (iv) estimate the annual load of SRP from the sediments by diffusive flux. Results indicate that diffusive flux of SRP from Lake Pontchartrain sediments likely contributes ~30–44% of the annual SRP load to the estuary. Further, internal SRP loading by diffusion has the potential to regenerate SRP in SRP-depleted waters to previously observed concentrations in <60 days. Our findings suggest that a sequence of events is feasible where external pulses of nitrogen-rich water produce phosphorus-limited conditions, followed by an internal pulse of SRP from sediments to restore nitrogen-limited conditions. This internal SRP load may be an important contributor in promoting blooms of nitrogen-fixing harmful algae under summertime low-nutrient conditions.
The extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the sun

The present state of knowledge of the spectrum of the sun from 3000 A to 170 A is critically reviewed. The characteristics of the different photographic and photoelectric spectroscopic instruments and the results are summarized and compared. Topics covered are line identifications, intensities, the continuum and its origin, the sun's surface in Lyman alpha, the profiles of H and K of Mg II, Lyman alpha and beta, and monitoring work conducted from rockets and satellites, including OSO-I.
Efficient experimental path loss exponent measurement for uniformly attenuated indoor radio channels

An efficient scheme is proposed for experimental measurement of path loss exponent in uniformly attenuated indoor radio channels (lognormal channels with fairly constant log-normal standard deviation). Basically, the scheme suggests proper transmitter (TX) regions to efficiently characterize the radio channel through measurement. The selection of TX locations is based on the statistical analysis of the received signal strength (RSS) derived from a rough pre-model. In this work Seidel-Rappaport site-specific models considered as the pre-model
In vivo metabolism of α,α,β,β-tetradeutero-n, N-dimethyltryptamine in rodent brain

The metabolism of alpha,alpha,beta,beta- tetradeutero -N,N -dimethyltryptamine ( D4DMT ) in rat brain in vivo as a function of time and dose was examined. Quantification of D4DMT and its respective deutero-metabolites was accomplished using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric/selected ion monitoring/isotope dilution techniques. The results of this study indicate that D4DMT is metabolized to the corresponding deutero-N-methyltryptamine, tryptamine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, and 2-methyl-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline in rat brain. The subcellular distribution of D4DMT and the aforementioned metabolites is also reported.
Simplicity and Spook: Terrorism and the Dynamics of Threat Exaggeration

It has been common, at least since 1945, to exaggerate and to overreact to foreign threats, something that seems to be continuing with current concerns over international terrorism. This paper sketches threat exaggeration during the Cold War and applies the experience from that era to the current one. Alarmism and overreaction can be harmful, particularly economically. And, in the case of terrorism, it can help create the damaging consequences the terrorists seek but are unable to perpetrate on their own. Moreover, many of the forms alarmism has taken verge on hysteria. The United States is hardly “vulnerable” in the sense that it can be toppled by dramatic acts of terrorist destruction, even extreme ones. The country can, however grimly, readily absorb that kind of damage, and it has outlasted considerably more potent threats in the past.
Initial Macro-Level Job Responsibilities Among MSW Graduates

This article reports the results of a study of the initial macro-level job responsibilities of over 2,000 MSW graduates who obtained their degrees from 1989 through 2007. It examines macro-level job duties performed in their employment within the first two years after graduation and investigates differences among those who graduated with concentrations in direct practice versus administrative and management practice. The research offers information on macro-level employment roles and expectations in early career stages, and builds an empirical base that can inform curriculum planning and development.
Generation and Initial Evolution of a Mode Water θ–S Anomaly*

Abstract Generation and evolution of an isopycnal potential temperature–salinity (θ–S), or spiciness, anomaly is studied around 20°–23°S, 110°W in the austral winter of 2004. Two profiling CTD floats deployed in the region in January 2004 provide the observations. The anomaly (defined as relative to water properties of the preceding summer) is very large (initially about 0.35 in S and about 0.9°C in θ). It is associated with the winter ventilation of a thick, low-potential-vorticity layer known as South Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water. Regional lateral θ and S distributions at the surface predispose the ocean to formation of this water mass and allow significant anomalies to be generated there with relative ease. The water mass is potentially important for climate in that, after northwestward advection in the South Equatorial Current, it contributes to the Equatorial Undercurrent and eventually resurfaces in the cold tongue of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The anomaly studied is strong enou...
Accurate measurement of oxidized glutathione content of human, rabbit, and rat red blood cells and tissues.

Abstract 1. 1. A method for the accurate measurement of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the erythrocytes and body tissues has been described. The oxidation of reduced glutathione to GSSG during protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid is prevented by prior alkylation of the sulfhydryl groups with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Trichloroacetic acid and excess NEM are extracted with ether. The GSSG in the extract is measured enzymically using glutathione oxidoreductase. 2. 2. Oxidized glutathione content (average ± standard deviation) of human, rabbit, and rat erythrocytes has been shown to be 3.6 ± 1.4, 5.6 ± 0.7 and 6.1 ± 2.6 mμmoles/ml RBC, respectively. 3. 3. The GSSG content of rat liver, kidney, heart, lens, testes, and skeletal muscles is below the level of detection, i.e., 0.03 μmole/gm tissue.
Chemical data related to the tribal affinities of Hulsea and Arnica

The taxonomic placement of Hulsea is discussed in light of the distribution of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, and polyacetylenic compounds in the Asteraceae.
SINGING OF HERMIT WARBLERS: DIALECTS OF TYPE I SONGS

Abstract Hermit Warblers (Dendroica occidentalis) sing distinct dialects of type I songs, the most common song before pairing. Eight dialects were identified and described in a 22 900 km2 area in southwestern Oregon and northern California. The dialects were well defined geographically with contact areas between dialects seldom extending more than 6 km. Gaps in forested habitat of ≥10 km separated several dialects, but within forested areas dialect boundaries did not conform to obvious habitat, elevation, or geographic boundaries. Few songs containing syllables or phrases from more than one dialect were identified, and birds incorporating elements from two different dialects inhabited areas close to the common boundary between the two. Multivariate analysis showed that birds in neighboring areas had dialects most similar in structure, but a more complex history of dialect development or origin is suggested in other areas.
How to Understand a Woman’s Obligations to the Fetus in Unwanted Pregnancies

Some have challenged Thomson's case of the famous unconscious violinist (UV) by arguing that in cases of consensual sex a woman is partially morally responsible for the existence of a needy fetus; since she is partially responsible she ought to assist the fetus, and so abortion is morally wrong. Call this the Responsibility Objection (RO) to UV. In this paper, I briefly criticize one of the most widely discussed objections to RO and then suggest a new way to challenge RO. In so doing, I investigate the plausibility of the moral principle that appears to be driving RO: If a woman is partially morally responsible for the existence of a needy fetus, she has a moral obligation to assist the fetus. I argue that this principle is false. I suggest modified versions of this principle but argue that, even on the most plausible version, RO does not persuade.
The Quest for Societal ROI in the Midst of the Perfect Storm: Can SCM Set the Standard for Twenty‐First Century Business Education?

The Academy's dual role is to discover and disseminate knowledge. For most of our tenure, we have focused on research's role in fulfilling this societal mandate. We continue that discussion here by calling for more “actionable” research—something that the supply chain discipline is particularly well positioned to do. We now extend the discussion to pedagogy. As the two epigraphs denote, society is looking for a return on its investment—even a reinvention of the university. Increased costs, poor student achievement, and disruptive technology create an environment perfect for disruption. Yet, if we do our job well, current and foreseeable technologies cannot provide the same kind of transformative education that can be cultivated through community-engaged experiential learning. The good news: The supply chain discipline is perfectly positioned to set the standard for twenty-first century business education.
Stimulated Electron Spin-Flip Transition as the Source of 18-Megacycle Radiation on Jupiter

The characteristics of the Jovian radio emission are described. The emission is in the form of intermittent bursts in the frequency range 10 to 35 Mc, with a maximum at 18 Mc, and it appears to come from a localized source with directional properties on Jupiter. The evidence indicates that the Jovian broadcasts are initiated by solar particles. lt is suggested that the emission is a decameter emission from electrons making spin-flip transitions in the perturbed magnetic field of Jupiter. Impinging clouds of solar particles could trigger the oscillating magnetic perturbations which would then cause the electrons to make the transitions. The Jovian magnetic field is calculated to be 6.4 gauss at the altitude where the emission occurs. From the observed power of the emission, the rate of electron spinflips is calculated to be ~10/sup 5//sec. The cause of the emission variation with the phase of the Jovian day is discussed.
Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for Chemical Reactions near a Critical Point

In a fluid mixture near a critical point, there are long-range fluctuations in the component concentrations that exceed the range of the intermolecular forces. If the components are linked by a chemical reaction, then the fluctuations in the concentrations of the reactants and products have their origin in the fluctuation in the extent of reaction, ξ. The fluctuation in ξ about the position of chemical equilibrium can be expressed by the statistical variance, var(ξe), where the subscript “e” denotes equilibrium. We show that var(ξe) is inversely proportional to (∂ΔG/∂ξ)e, where ΔG is the Gibbs energy difference separating products from reactants. Because the relaxation time, τ, that governs the rate of approach of the reaction to equilibrium is also inversely proportional to (∂ΔG/∂ξ)e, τ is proportional to var(ξe). This latter relation constitutes a fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Under circumstances near a critical point where var(ξe) → ∞, the theorem predicts that the specific relaxation rate 1/τ shoul...
Assessment of Tracking Devices towards Accurate Coregistration in a Hand-Held Optical Imager

A hand-held optical imager with automated coregistration capabilities is developed towards 3-D tomographic imaging. Multiple tracking devices are currently assessed in order to improve the accuracies in coregistration, and eventually the quality of image reconstructions.
The practical utility of routine postpartum hemoglobin assessment

Objective To evaluate a policy of routine versus selective postpartum complete blood count (CBC). Study Design Historic case control design with matched subjects from 1 year periods bracketing the policy change (n = 800). Our primary outcome was postpartum transfusion rate. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Total hospital costs were estimated. Results Eliminating routine postpartum CBC testing was associated with decreased transfusion rates (5.5% vs 1.8%, P = .007) despite similar transfusion risks. CBC utilization decreased from 59% to 22.2% ( P Conclusion Targeted CBC testing results in fewer transfusions, lower costs and improved quality of patient care.
Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men With Prostate Cancer—Reply

To the Editor: The analysis of prostate cancer–specific and overall survival by Dr Lu-Yao and colleagues concluded that primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT) offered no benefit compared with conservative management in elderly men with localized prostate cancer. Since their comparison was based on epidemiologic data rather than those obtained in a prospective randomized trial, there is a possibility that confounding variables may have influenced patient outcomes. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been shown to be an independent predictor of outcome in newly diagnosed patients and may often be used by clinicians to choose recommended therapy. It seems likely that men with higher PSA levels (and thus worse prognoses) were those who were given PADT. However, the study by Lu-Yao et al does not include an analysis of PSA data and their possible influence on treatment recommendations. In the absence of this information, it is not possible to conclude that PADT confers no benefit, especially to a high–PSA-level subpopulation of patients.
Analysis of bloodgas, electrolytes and glucose from intraosseous samples using an i-STAT ® point-of-care analyser

Abstract Background Intraosseous access is used in emergency medicine as an alternative when intravenous access is difficult to obtain. Intraosseous samples can be used for laboratory testing to guide treatment. Many laboratories are reluctant to analyse intraosseous samples, as they frequently block conventional laboratory equipment. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of analysis of intraosseous samples using an i-STAT ® point-of-care analyser. Methods Intravenous and intraosseous samples of twenty children presenting for scheduled diagnostic bone marrow aspiration were analysed using an i-STAT ® point-of-care analyser. Sample types were compared using Bland Altman plots and by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variance. Results The handheld i-STAT ® point-of-care analyser proved suitable for analysing intraosseous samples without technical difficulties. Differences between venous and intraosseous samples were clinically acceptable for pH, base excess, sodium, ionised calcium and glucose in these haemodynamically stable patients. The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent (>0.8) for comparison of intraosseous and intravenous base excess, and moderate (around 0.6) for bicarbonate, sodium and glucose. The coefficient of variance of intraosseous samples was smaller than that of venous samples for most variables. Conclusion Analysis of intraosseous samples with a bedside, single-use cartridge-based analyser is feasible and avoids the problem of bone marrow contents damaging conventional laboratory equipment. In an emergency situation point-of-care analysis of intraosseous aspirates may be a useful guide to treatment.
THE PITUITARY ADRENOTROPHIC HORMONE CONTROL OF THE RATE OF RELEASE OF SERUM GLOBULINS FROM LYMPHOID TISSUE11

THE SYNTHESIS in the liver of the albumin of the blood has been well established, whereas a significant portion of serum globulins maybe produced extra-hepatically. A generalized production of the blood globulins in the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system has been suggested by numerous investigators, and has been chiefly indicated from studies of antibody production and from clinical data. Recently, interest in the physiology of plasma proteins has been manifested particularly with respect to factors influencing their regeneration. Emphasis has been on the parenteral utilization of various sources of protein nitrogen. The proteins of tissues have also received attention as a possible source of plasma protein, and Whipple and his colleagues (Madden and Whipple, 1940; Whipple, 1938, 1942; Whipple and Madden, 1944) have suggested the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between blood and tissue proteins. The hypothesis has recently been suggested that the rate of lymphoid tissue dissolution is normally un...
The Proteus Effect Implications of Transformed Digital Self-Representation on Online and Offline Behavior

Virtual environments allow individuals to dramatically alter their self-representation. More important, studies have shown that people infer their expected behaviors and attitudes from observing their avatar's appearance, a phenomenon known as the Proteus effect. For example, users given taller avatars negotiated more aggressively than users given shorter avatars. Two studies are reported here that extend our understanding of this effect. The first study extends the work beyond laboratory settings to an actual online community. It was found that both the height and attractiveness of an avatar in an online game were significant predictors of the player's performance. In the second study, it was found that the behavioral changes stemming from the virtual environment transferred to subsequent face-to-face interactions. Participants were placed in an immersive virtual environment and were given either shorter or taller avatars. They then interacted with a confederate for about 15 minutes. In addition to causi...
Impact of Trade Facilitation on Parts and Components Trade

This article utilizes data from seventy-seven countries over the period 2004–07 in a gravity trade model to examine the impact of four dimensions of trade facilitation—physical infrastructure, information and communication technology, business environment, and border efficiency—on parts and components and final goods trade for the machinery and transport equipment sector. The results show that the effect of importers’ overall trade facilitation measures is stronger for promoting parts and components than for final goods trade. Among the four dimensions, border efficiency has the largest impact on trade flows for this sector, and the effect of exporter and particularly importers’ border efficiency is important for parts and components, as compared to final goods trade.