cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Present Status of the Lick Observatory Image Tube Scanner

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current status of the Lick Observatory Image Tube Scanner (ITS). ITS is a device designed to obtain the moderate dispersion spectra of astronomical objects taking advantage of the relatively high quantum efficiency afforded by the photocathode of an image tube and the short term image storage by the phosphor of the tube. ITS is attached to a spectrograph having as its image forming component a folded Schmidt camera with external focal plane. Three electrostatically focused image tubes, coupled through fiber optics bundles, amplify the light in the spectrum. The spectrograph is provided with two entrance apertures such that separate spectra of the object under observation plus sky and the sky alone can normally be obtained. At present, each spectrum has 2048 channels and covers a wavelength range from 90 to 400 nm wide depending on the grating used, over the useful range of the image tube photocathode. As the device has a linear response to light input, it can provide sky-subtracted spectra on an absolute energy scale. ITS has been in use on the Lick Observatory 120 inch telescope and is currently being scheduled for 10 to 15 nights each month.
Medicine and the two faces of virology.

its membership on the development of the field of infectious disease. At 13 years, an age commonly associated with the advent of adolescence, it is difficult-if not impossible-to foresee the course that will carry us through the coming years into adulthood and the wise maturity that should accompany this transition. Yet, since it is the privilege of the president of the Society to hold you captive for a brief period, I am going to take advantage of the opportunity to discuss some of the approaches that I believe offer rich opportunities to fulfill the function of the Society as designated in its constitution, viz., "the advancement and promulgation of knowledge regarding the area of infectious diseases." Since I am most familiar with virology, my remarks will be confined to this field, and viral infections will serve to illustrate the points to be made in what I promise will be a short sermon. The title I have chosen, "Medicine and the Two Faces of Virology," is meant to encompass both past achievements and future potential, and the term medicine is used in its broadest sense. The "two faces of virology" refer to a current British classification that Sir Christopher Andrewes, one of my mentors, used recently in his delightful personal account, "Fifty Years with Viruses" [1]. According to this view, the earlier, more medically oriented aspects of the discipline represent "steam virology," while the molecular and genetic approaches that dominate today are "dream virology." Steam and dream; the two together are potentially formidable, but unfortunately they sometimes have difficulty in getting together. Those of us who grew up in the "steam" era, when most virology was done by persons with medical training, are still fascinated by the multitude of major biologic questions which remain unanswered. We look hopefully to the molecular virologists for a more exact understanding of many of these questions, but our own focus continues to be on problems that relate to the total organism. We still concentrate on the disease-producing potential of viruses, an aspect that seems to have escaped the notice of many dream virologists. Nevertheless, the insights of both types of investigator are essential if we are to solve those simple, but so difficult, riddles relating to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of infectious diseases.
Heterophile antibody in normal adults and in patients with virus hepatitis.

Considerable disagreement and confusion exist in the literature regarding the titer of heterophile antibodies in normal persons,' ~ owing to variation in technic and expression of the titers, and to method of selection of so-called normal persons. Because of this confusion, we studied the titers of the serum in 200 apparently normal adults. The technics commonly employed vary with respect to the volume of serum used and the concentration'and volume of sheep cells added, the temperature and length of incubation, and whether or not the tubes are subjected to centrifligation prior to reading. It is generally conceded that the actual volumes of the serum and saline make little difference except that smaller quantities are more economical. Lowering the concentration of sheep cells tends to increase agglutination in higher dilutions. The temperature of incubation exerts a profound influence on agglutination,''prolonged icebox incubation tending to raise the titers while prolonged incubation at room temperature has only insignificant effect on the titers. Titers obtained after two hours' incubation at 37 C. are somewhat lower than titers obtained at room temperature. Centrifuging, as recommended by Straus, gives higher titers than the sediment technic. One is often uncertain as to hoAV the results of others are to be interpreted because of variations in expressing dilution titers. The simplest method for correcting this would be for all to express titers as the final titer after all diluents and reagents are added. The selection of normal persons is obviously subject to pitfalls, since one cannot be certain that an apparently well person is not harboring antibodies from a previous illness. For this reason, it is wise not to use hospital patients.
Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures

Because humans are invariably exposed to complex chemical mixtures, estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant exposures is of critical concern in environmental epidemiology, and to regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, most health effects studies focus on single agents or consider simple two-way interaction models, in part because we lack the statistical methodology to more realistically capture the complexity of mixed exposures. We introduce Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) as a new approach to study mixtures, in which the health outcome is regressed on a flexible function of the mixture (e.g. air pollution or toxic waste) components that is specified using a kernel function. In high-dimensional settings, a novel hierarchical variable selection approach is incorporated to identify important mixture components and account for the correlated structure of the mixture. Simulation studies demonstrate the success of BKMR in estimating the exposure-response function and in identifying the individual components of the mixture responsible for health effects. We demonstrate the features of the method through epidemiology and toxicology applications.
A Trimetallic Compound Containing Zn−Zr Bonds: Cp2Zr(ZnR)2 (Cp = C5H5; R = C6H3-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2)

m-Terphenylzinc iodides RZnI2Li(OEt2)2 (1) and RZnI (2) (R = C6H3-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2) were prepared and structurally characterized. The sodium metal reduction of Cp2ZrCl2 with 2 afforded Cp2Zr(ZnR)2 (3) as the first structurally characterized compound containing a Zn−Zr bond. The nature of the unique Zn−Zr bond for 3 was further probed by DFT computations.
Giant Field Enhancement and Plasmon Localization in Two-dimensional Deterministic Aperiodic Arrays of Metal Nanoparticles

We investigate the near-field electromagnetic coupling and the collective plasmon modes of deterministically generated two-dimensional aperiodic arrays of metal nanoparticles. We show that deep sub wavelength-localized states and large field enhancement effects can be achieved.
Vortex rings in uniform cross-flow

As a jet is pulsed in a cross-flow, vortex rings a re formed and the penetration of t he jet in crow-flow increases. These vortex rings are basically responsible for the increased penetration. However, certain fundamentals must be understood, before we can a p ply this concept t o the supersonic combustion flow. Therefore, it was decided t o investigate how different exit geometries effect t he generation of vortex rings and also t o identify how vorticity affects t h e dynamics and kinematics of the vortex rings. Two different jet exit geometries, a sharpedged oriflce and a straight walled t ube with t he same diameters were studied in three steps. First, experimental, the vortex ring produced by pulsed transverse injection into a uniform subsonic cross-flow is investigated using flow visualization techniques. Second, through an analytical approach the characteristic parameters of the vortex ring in a cross-flow were developed and compared with experiments. Third, numerical simulation for three-dimensional vortex ring has been studied, using Lagrangian, grid-free, vortex method. J e t exit boundary condition was found to be a key parameter t o determine the vorticity and the formation process of t he vortex ring. Exit velocity and consequently translational velocity of vortex ring for sharp-edged oriflce exit was much faster than the straight t ube case for t he same piston velocity. Vortex rings ejected from a s h a r p edged oriflce entrained less fluid than those ejected from a straight t ube exit. As t he piston velocity increased, the penetration level increased for t he same cross-flow velocity. For t h e name piston velocity, t h e penetration height in a sharpedged oriflce was much deeper than the straight t ube case. * Assoc. Prof. AE/ME, Member AIAA ** Grad. Research Assistant, Student Member AIAA *** B. H. Goethert Prof. AE, Assoc. Fellow AIAA Copyright (c) Vakili, Chang, and Wu. All rights reserved. UTSI Publication No. E020115002-91 1
Evaluation of indoor PM2. 5 concentration in medical and health institutions of Henan province

Aim:To evaluate indoor tobacco smoke pollution in medical and health institutions of Henan province by monitoring the concentration of PM2. 5. Methods:A total of 38 health bureaus,centers for disease control and prevention( CDCs),hospitals,women and children's hospitals,from five cities in different parts of Henan province were randomly selected as monitoring sites. Aerosol monitor was used to monitor the concentration of PM2. 5 indoors and outdoors of each selected site. Meanwhile,the size of monitored sites,the number of people and the number of smokers were recorded for further evaluation. Results:The average concentration of indoors PM2. 5 of the four types of medical and health institutions was( 87. 4 ± 15. 1) μg / m3,while the average concentration of outdoors was( 68. 9 ± 12. 5) μg/m3( t = 6. 585,P 0. 001). The highest concentration of indoors was 27. 9% higher than that of outdoors. The average PM2. 5 concentrations indoors in health bureaus,CDCs,hospitals,and women and children's hospitals were( 71. 8 ± 15. 5),( 71. 3 ± 14. 3),( 103. 8 ±16. 9),and( 51. 4 ±11. 3) μg/m3,respectively. The PM2. 5 concentrations indoors of hospitals and women and children's hospitals were higher than outdoors( t = 6. 659,5. 383,P 0. 05). The PM2. 5 concentration indoors was positively correlated with the density of the smokers as well as the PM2. 5 concentration outdoors( r s= 0. 524,0. 426,P 0. 001). Conclusion:The hospitals and women and children's hospitals should be focused on in the process of creation and management of non-smoking medical and health institutions.
SOFT TISSUE LOSS ABOUT THE ELBOW: Selecting Optimal Coverage

A variety of methods are useful in covering soft tissue loss about the elbow. These methods include random transposition flaps, fasciocutaneous axial pattern transposition and island flaps, muscle pedicle flaps, temporary fasciocutaneous chest and abdominal wall pedicle flaps, and free tissue transfer. Factors governing selection of a coverage method are discussed in this article, and an algorithm for elbow tissue loss management is presented. The most commonly utilized methods are described in greater detail.
First optical spectra of the CF2Cl, CFCl2, and CCl3 radicate by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy

The importance of the perhalogenated methyl radicals in atmospheric chemistry (ozone destruction)1 and semiconductor manufacturing (etching using halocarbons)2 has been demonstrated to a certain extent. The optical spectra of these species will provide a diagnostic tool which will further elucidate the roles these species play in the above processes. We report the optical spectra of the three radicals CF2Cl, CFCl2, and CCl3.
Fusing Multiple Neuroimaging Modalities to Assess Group Differences in Perception–Action Coupling

In the last few decades, noninvasive neuroimaging has revealed macroscale brain dynamics that underlie perception, cognition, and action. Advances in noninvasive neuroimaging target two capabilities: 1) increased spatial and temporal resolution of measured neural activity; and 2) innovative methodologies to extract brain–behavior relationships from evolving neuroimaging technology. We target the second. Our novel methodology integrated three neuroimaging methodologies and elucidated expertise-dependent differences in functional (fused EEG-fMRI) and structural (dMRI) brain networks for a perception–action coupling task. A set of baseball players and controls performed a Go/No-Go task designed to mimic the situation of hitting a baseball. In the functional analysis, our novel fusion methodology identifies 50-ms windows with predictive EEG neural correlates of expertise and fuses these temporal windows with fMRI activity in a whole-brain 2-mm voxel analysis, revealing time-localized correlations of expertise at a spatial scale of millimeters. The spatiotemporal cascade of brain activity reflecting expertise differences begins as early as 200 ms after the pitch starts and lasts up to 700 ms afterwards. Network differences are spatially localized to include motor and visual processing areas, providing evidence for differences in perception–action coupling between the groups. Furthermore, an analysis of structural connectivity reveals that the players have significantly more connections between cerebellar and left frontal/motor regions, and many of the functional activation differences between the groups are located within structurally defined network modules that differentiate expertise. In short, our novel method illustrates how multimodal neuroimaging can provide specific macroscale insights into the functional and structural correlates of expertise development.
The Enigma of the Past: Ricoeur’s Theory of Narrative as a Response to Heidegger

This chapter examines how Ricoeur has used two Heideggerean distinctions in order to circumscribe the “enigma of the past”: first, the distinction between the past that is no longer (Vergangenheit) and the past that is still relevant and meaningful to us (das Gewesene) and, second, the distinction between an event (Ereignis), as what makes history possible, and a historical fact, as what falls into historical times and can be recorded. In order to situate the problem I appeal to Nietzsche’s second “Untimely Consideration” about the “uses and disadvantages of history for life,” which both Ricoeur and Heidegger use and in which Nietzsche speaks of the “power of the present,” when it comes to retelling the past. Both Heidegger and Ricoeur acknowledge this power. However, against Heidegger’s view that there is a rupture between Historie and Geschichte or between event and historical facts, Ricoeur sees narratives as guaranteeing a continuity between these two poles. In order to test the plausibility and fruitfulness of Ricoeur’s and Heidegger’s distinctions, the chapter examines some “events” at the end of WWII that belong to “German suffering” and examine the nature of the delay that took place between the “happening” of these events and their recognition several decades later as “historical facts.”
Cognitive Impairment of School Children at High Altitude: The Case for Oxygen Conditioning in Schools

Abstract West, John B. Cognitive impairment of school children at high altitude: the case for oxygen conditioning in schools. High Alt Med Biol. 17:203–207, 2016.—The hypoxia of high altitude frequently affects cognitive function. Recent work has shown that high altitude impairs the neuropsychological function of children of school age when compared with a similar control group of children at low altitude. This implies that the learning process is compromised at high altitude. One option is to bus children down to a lower altitude for schooling, but this is generally impracticable. Recently the new technique of oxygen conditioning has been introduced. The procedure is similar to air conditioning except that instead of altering the temperature of the air, the oxygen concentration is increased, thus raising the PO2 in the inspired air of classrooms. The result is that the children are physiologically at a lower altitude. Just as in very hot or cold climates, it is now unacceptable to have schools that are n...
Long-term chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy among breast cancer survivors: prevalence, risk factors, and fall risk

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common toxicity associated with chemotherapy, but researchers rarely study its risk factors, fall risk, and prevalence in long-term breast cancer survivors. We aimed to determine CIPN prevalence, risk factors, and association with psychological distress and falls among long-term breast cancer survivors. We conducted Cross-sectional analyses among postmenopausal women with a history of stage I–III breast cancer who received taxane-based chemotherapy. Participants reported neuropathic symptoms of tingling/numbness in hands and/or feet on a 0–10 numerical rating scale. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate risk factors associated with the presence of CIPN and the relationship between CIPN and anxiety, depression, insomnia, and patient-reported falls. Among 296 participants, 173 (58.4 %) reported CIPN symptoms, 91 (30.7 %) rated their symptoms as mild, and 82 (27.7 %) rated them moderate to severe. Compared with women of normal weight, being obese was associated with increased risk of CIPN (adjusted OR 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.03–3.65). Patients with CIPN reported greater insomnia severity, anxiety, and depression than those without (all p < 0.05). Severity of CIPN was associated with higher rates of falls, with 23.8, 31.9, and 41.5 % in the “no CIPN,” “mild,” and “moderate-to-severe” groups, respectively, experiencing falls (p = 0.028). The majority of long-term breast cancer survivors who received taxane-based chemotherapy reported CIPN symptoms; obesity was a significant risk factor. Those with CIPN also reported increased psychological distress and falls. Interventions need to target CIPN and comorbid psychological symptoms, and incorporate fall prevention strategies for aging breast cancer survivors.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa: A rare complication of immunosuppression

Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a recently described rare disease of immunosuppressed patients characterized by folliculocentric papules and keratin spicules. The condition is highly associated with the TS-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV); however, the causal mechanism remains undiscovered. Currently, there is a dearth of case reports on this condition, and treatment for TS is not well established. We report a case of TS that successfully responded to reduction of immunosuppression.
Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2667 Growth and Aflatoxin Synthesis as Affected by Calcium Content and Initial Spore Load in Single Peanuts.

Mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2667 and aflatoxin production on Florunner peanuts grown under different calcium supplementation levels (CSL) (550, 1,100, 2,200 and 4,400 kg gypsum/ha) with initial spore loads of 102, 104 and 106 spores/g were investigated. Growth at 25°C for 0, 4, 7 and 14 days was determined by viable plate counts on Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar (AFPA) medium. Irrespective of the initial spore load, maximum growth of 108 to 109 CFU/g was attained after 14 days except for the 4,400 kg/ha Ca-supplemented nuts on which the maximum populations were one log less. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 concentrations measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC) ranged from 0-3460 (μg/g and 0-3740 (μg/g, respectively. Toxin production was highest in single peanuts with CSL of 2,200 kg/ha. A reduction of 50% or higher was observed as CSL was increased to 4,400 kg/ha.
Emission rates of particle number, mass and black carbon by the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and its impact on air quality in Los Angeles

Abstract This study describes a series of air monitoring measurements of particle number (PN), black carbon (BC) and PM2.5 mass concentrations in the vicinity of the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) (roughly 150 m downwind of the LAX's south runways) as well as on-road measurements of the aforementioned pollutants using a mobile platform on three major freeways (i.e., I-110, I-105, and I-405) during May–July 2016. All measurements were performed in the “impact zone” of LAX with the predominant westerly winds from coast to inland. The overall impact of aircraft emissions from the LAX airport and its facilities in comparison to vehicular emissions from freeways on air quality was evaluated on a local scale (i.e. areas in the vicinity of the airport). PN concentration was, on average, 4.1 ± 1.2 times greater at the LAX site than on the studied freeways. Particle number emission factors for takeoffs and landings were comparable, with average values of 8.69 × 10 15 particles/kg fuel and 8.16 × 10 15 particles/kg fuel, respectively, and indicated a nearly 4-fold statistically significant reduction in PN emission factors for takeoffs during the past decade. BC emission factors were 0.12 ± 0.02 and 0.11 ± 0.01 g/kg fuel during takeoffs and landings, respectively. Additionally, the mean PM2.5 emission factor values for takeoffs and landings were also comparable, with values of 0.38 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.05 g/kg fuel, respectively. Within the impact zone of the airport, an area of roughly 100 km2 downwind of the LAX, measurements indicated that the LAX daily contributions to PN, BC, and PM2.5 were approximately 11, 2.5, and 1.4 times greater than those from the three surrounding freeways. These results underscore the significance of the LAX airport as a major source of pollution within its zone of impact comparing to freeway emissions.
Genomic analysis reveals frequent TRAF7 mutations in intraneural perineuriomas.

Intraneural perineuriomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors that cause progressive debilitating focal extremity weakness. The etiology of perineuriomas is largely unknown. We utilized whole exome sequencing, copy number algorithm evaluation and high-resolution whole genome microarray to investigate for a genetic causal link of intraneural perineuriomas. Ten of 16 (60%) tumor cases had mutations in the WD40 domain of TRAF7, the same location for causal mutations of meningiomas. Two additional perineurioma cases had large chromosomal abnormalities in multiple chromosomes, including chromosome 22q. This study identifies a common cause for intraneural perineuriomas and an unexpected shared pathogenesis with intracranial meningiomas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Fat Taxes, Bans, and Discrimination

Everyone has a fat person story. Start discussing the economic implications of the weight and obesity crisis, and people (sometimes including heavy people) will not hesitate to relate a real-life experience of how some bloated fat person penned them to the window in their airplane seat (in much the same way I opened the first chapter) or prevented them from passing comfortably through a narrow corridor or stairwell. They will talk about their surprise at watching grossly obese shoppers loading their grocery carts with calorie-laden snacks while shoving honey buns and sodas at their already overweight children (or even infants). And they will lament having to pay for checked bags on air flights when obese people were able to board without an added dollar.
Diversity in Neoplasms

The evolutionary forces of mutation and natural selection that are central to cancer development generate heterogeneity within the population of somatic cells that make up a neoplasm. This intra-tumoral heterogeneity can be measured through a variety of means, including cytogenetic analyses to examine chromosomal duplications, losses, and rearrangements; genetic mutations; and epigenetic changes. Studies have established that measures of heterogeneity can have prognostic significance. While heterogeneity is an important property of tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, basic questions about the level of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, the mechanism by which it is established, the dynamics of heterogeneity over time, the optimal method for its measurement, and how these heterogeneity measurements and indices can best be used as universal biomarkers to improve patient care remain unresolved.
Patterns of intensity of end-of-life care for adolescents and young adults with cancer: A population-based study.

132 Background: Cancer is the leading cause of non-accidental death amongst adolescents and young adults (AYA), aged 15-39, in the U.S. It is critical to understand end of life (EOL) care of AYA cancer decedents, including use of medically intense interventions like intubation. Although desired by some, most patients prefer a natural death. We sought to determine rates of medically intense interventions at end of life for AYA cancer decedents and associated factors. Methods: Using the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development private administrative database linked to death certificates, we performed a retrospective population based analysis of patients aged 15-39 with cancer who died between 2000-2010. We used previously defined administrative codes indicative of intense EOL care: intubation, CPR, hospital re-admission, and ICU admission in the last 30 days of life, and location of death. The frequencies of each intense item were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was use...
Congressional Authority to Obtain and Release Tax Returns

President Trump's continuing refusal to release his tax returns despite the contrary common practice of presidents over the last 40 years has spurred interest in finding alternative ways to obtain the information. This article describes the authority of the tax committees in Congress to obtain, inspect, and disclose the confidential tax information of any taxpayer, including the president, without the taxpayer's consent.
Reirradiation of thoracic cancers with intensity modulated proton therapy.

Abstract Purpose Reirradiation of thoracic malignancies is a treatment challenge, with concerns for toxicity and the inability to deliver definitive doses. Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) may allow safe delivery of a higher dose of radiation to the tumor while minimizing toxicities. Methods and materials Between 2011 and 2016, 27 patients who received IMPT for reirradiation of thoracic malignancies with definitive intent were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were included if they received a prior thoracic radiation course. All doses were recalculated to an equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2). Patients received IMPT to a median dose of 66 EQD2 Gy (range, 43.2-84 Gy) for recurrence of thoracic cancer (93%) or sequentially after a course of thoracic stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (7%). Results Twenty-two patients (81%) were treated for non-small cell lung cancer. The median time to reirradiation was 29.5 months. At a median follow-up for all patients of 11.2 months (25.9 surviving patients), the median overall survival was 18.0 months, with a 1-year overall survival of 54%. Four patients (15%) experienced an in-field local failure (LF), with a 1-year freedom from LF rate of 78%. The 1-year freedom from locoregional failure and 1-year progression-free survival rates were 61% and 51%, respectively. Patients who received 66 EQD2 Gy or higher had improved 1-year freedom from LF (100% vs 49%; P = .013), 1-year freedom from locoregional failure (84% vs 23%; P = .035), and 1-year progression-free survival (76% vs 14%; P = .050). Reirradiation was well tolerated, with only 2 patients (7%) experiencing late grade 3 pulmonary toxicity, and none with grade 3 or higher esophagitis. There were no grade 4-5 toxicities. Conclusions These data represent the largest series of patients treated with IMPT for definitive reirradiation of thoracic cancers. They demonstrate that IMPT provided durable local control with minimal toxicity and suggest that higher doses may improve outcomes.
Behavior, Ecology, Natural History, and Distribution of Stinging Hymenoptera

Stings by honey bees (Apis), bumble bees (Bombus), yellowjacket wasps (Vespula and Dolichovespula), paper wasps (Polistes), hornets (Vespa), fire ants (Solenopsis), other ants (Myrmecia, Pogonomyrmex, Myrmica, Brachyponera, Wasmannia, etc.), and a variety of tropical social wasps (Polybia, etc.) constitute an important medical challenge for clinicians and a physical and psychological challenge for patients. The behavior and biology of the major stinging insects responsible for causing hypersensitive reactions is presented with emphasis on how providers can educate their patients to prevent future stings and the disabling fear these insects sometimes engender.
Abstract 2525: Targeting myeloma cell-derived runx2 by miRNAs suppresses multiple myeloma growth and progression

In Multiple myeloma (MM), abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and spread to new bone sites. However, the mechanisms underlying this spread of MM cells remain unclear. Runx2 is a bone specific transcription factor upregulated in various human tumors, including MM. Our studies have previously demonstrated that Runx2 is a major driver of MM progression in bone. In the present study, our goal was to identify miRNAs targeting Runx2 to reduce tumor growth and dissemination of MM to new bone sites and asses their therapeutic potential. Expression analysis of a panel of miRNA9s regulating Runx2 revealed an inverse relationship between Runx2 expression and two miRNAs: miR-342 and miR-363. miRNA expression analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus database showed that miR-342 and miR-363 are highly expressed in plasma cells of normal donors (n= 3), while Runx2 is detected at very low levels. In contrast, MM cells of patients with newly diagnosed (n=23) and relapsed MM (n=17) expressed very little miR-342 and miR-363 but showed high levels of Runx2 expression. Reconstituting CAG human MM cells with synthetic miR-342, miR-363 or miR-342+miR-363 in combination reduced the expression of Runx2 and the metastasis-promoting Runx2 target genes RANKL, DKK1 and DMP1. Tumor cell viability and migration were also decreased compared to control in vitro. We then transfected miR-342, miR-363 or miR-342+miR-363 in mouse 5TGM1 MM cells expressing high levels of Runx2 and tested bone-homing and growth in syngenic C57Bl/KaLwRij mice by intravenous injection. Mouse sera were collected at week 2 and 4 after tumor cell injection and the levels of IgG2bκ, a marker of 5TGM1 cells, were measured by ELISA. The results showed significantly decreased IgG2bκ levels in mice bearing miR-342 or miR-363 transfected tumors compared to mice bearing control miR-scramble tumors. Additionally, miR-342+miR-363 co-transfection produced a synergistic effect on reducing tumor growth. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-342 and miR-363 induced Runx2 suppression, results in inhibition of Runx2-downstream signaling pathways Akt/β-catenin/survivin, which are required for MM tumor progression. In conclusion, we have identified two novel miRNAs, miR-342 and miR-363, that negatively regulate Runx2 expression in MM cells. We further demonstrated that enhanced expression of miR-342 or miR-363 in MM cells inhibits MM growth in vivo. Thus, miR-342 and miR-363 are potential novel markers of MM prognosis and can be developed as new therapeutic drugs for MM treatment. Citation Format: Pramod S. Gowda, Mohammad Q. Hassan, Timothy N. Trotter, Yang Yang. Targeting myeloma cell-derived runx2 by miRNAs suppresses multiple myeloma growth and progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2525. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2525
The planning of actions in the basal ganglia

In this abstract, a new theory is put forth on the mechanisms of the planning of goal-oriented and obstacleavoiding behavior in biological systems. It is argued here that the basal ganglia may be an important locus for aspects of these activities. Furthermore, the mechanisms for its function may in part be characterized as the computation and storage of harmonic functions in parameter spaces associated with the positions and movements of various body parts, and possibly additional representations of action and intention. This abstract is intended primarily to o er a theory for aspects of biological motor planning, which has been motivated by recent research in robotics. An expanded discussion of the material found here, with citations, can be found in Connolly and Burns [1].
Bestimmung der Gruppenzugehörigkeit im System AB0 aus histologischem Material

Die Autoren beschreiben ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Gruppenzugehorigkeit im System AB0 aus histologischen Praparaten, welches eine Analogie zum Verfahren der Elution von Antikorpern aus ungeteilten Erythrocyten nach Landsteiner u. Miller ist. Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren erzielten sie die Ubereinstimmung mit der Kontrolluntersuchung der Blutgruppe bei allen 103 Fallen der Versuchszusammenstellung.
Goal versus trait explanations: Causal attributions beyond the trait-situation dichotomy.

In 4 studies, we show that two behavioral dimensions specified in Kelley’s (1967) model of attribution, consistency and distinctiveness of behaviors, determine perceivers’ likelihood to explain others’ behaviors in terms of their goals versus traits. Participants tended to attribute the cause of others’ behaviors to their goals (vs. traits and other characteristics) when behaviors were characterized by high distinctiveness (Study 1A & 1B) or low consistency (Study 2). On the other hand, traits were ascribed as predominant causal explanations when behaviors had low distinctiveness or high consistency. Study 3 investigated the combined effect of those behavioral dimensions on causal attributions and showed that behaviors with high distinctiveness and consistency as well as low distinctiveness and consistency trigger goal attributions. We discuss the implications of the present research in terms of going beyond the dominant approach of trait-situation dichotomy in attribution research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Psychological Abuse in the Context of Social Media

Abstract Psychological abuse between partners is a significant aspect of partner abuse. With the rise of technology and social media usage, we seek to examine how cyber partner abuse is related to ...
Gaussian-Based Data Analysis

In the next two chapters we examine univariate and regression analysis based on the central distribution of statistical inference and data analysis, the normal, or Gaussian, distribution. It is important to note that the brief overview of least squares regression given here is not a substitute for the thorough discussion that would appear in a good regression textbook. See the “Background material” section of this chapter for several examples of such books.
A Non-linear Investigation of the Stability of Flow between Counter-rotating Cylinders

Consider a viscous, incompressible fluid contained between two infinitely long concentric rotating cylinders with radii R 1 and R 2 (> R 1) and angular velocities Ω 1 and Ω 2, respectively. Let (r, θ, z) denote the usual cylindrical coordinates, and let u r, u e, u z denote the components of velocity in the increasing r, θ, and z directions, respectively. In this discussion we will assume that all variables and parameters are non- dimensional. The Taylor number, T, is defined by T = −4θ 1 2 (μ−n)d 4/(1 − n 2)v 2 where μ = Ω 2/Ω 1, n = R 1/R 2 < 1, d = R 2 − R 1, and v is the kinematic viscosity.
A component of the chloroplastic protein import apparatus is targeted to the outer envelope membrane via a novel pathway.

Abstract A chloroplastic outer envelope membrane protein of 75 kDa (OEP75) was identified previously as a component of the protein import machinery. Here we provide additional evidence that OEP75 is a component of protein import, present the isolation of a cDNA clone encoding this protein, briefly describe its developmental expression and tissue specificity, and characterize its insertion into the outer envelope membrane. OEP75 was synthesized as a higher molecular weight precursor (prOEP75) which bound to isolated chloroplasts in an in vitro import assay and subsequently was processed to the mature form (mOEP75). During this import assay, two proteins intermediate in size between prOEP75 and mOEP75 were detected. One of these intermediates was also detected in chloroplast envelopes isolated from young pea leaves. Binding and processing of prOEP75 required ATP and one or more surface-exposed proteinaceous components, and was competed by prSSU, a stromal-targeted protein. We propose that the N-terminus of the prOEP75 transit peptide acts as a stromal-targeting domain and a central, hydrophobic region of this transit peptide acts as a stop-transfer domain. A complex route of insertion and processing of prOEP75 may exist to ensure high fidelity targeting of this import component.
Infant Temperament in the FMR1 Premutation and Fragile X Syndrome.

Although temperament has been studied for decades as a predictor of psychopathology in the general population, examining temperament in neurogenetic groups has unique potential to inform the geneti...
Heritage-fueled gentrification: A cautionary tale from Chicago

Abstract This article contests the view that heritage preservation programs, in their present form, provide an unqualified community good. Anointing certain places as ‘historic’, and therefore different from other places and intrinsically special, can create demand and provide a catalyst for revitalization. We suggest that such preservation-driven revitalization is not always beneficial to a neighborhood and can, perhaps counterintuitively, work against the long-term sustainability of heritage preservation. Focusing on Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood and its National Register of Historic Places-listed sites, we explore the relationship between preservation activity and gentrification, the physical and social upgrading of a neighborhood. We identify a three-stage revitalization process that can lead to the degradation of a neighborhood's historic character. In a sense, a gentrifying historic neighborhood can become a victim of its own success as redevelopment pressures encourage physical change and the gradual loss of its historic integrity—the very reason for preservation to begin with. The public framework that supports heritage preservation in the US, while vitally important for protecting irreplaceable cultural heritage, is outdated. Simply, it has not kept pace with changes in American cities over the last fifty years, particularly those with strong real estate markets. An updated and more nuanced framework is in order, one that recognizes that honorific heritage programs and public subsidies for private rehabilitation can have significant adverse impacts on a neighborhood, both physical and social.
Chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe in Eiern und Lebern von Saatkrähen ( Corvus frugilegus ) aus niedersächsischen Brutkolonien

Aus funf niedersachsischen Brutkolonien der Saatkrahe wurden 1982 und 1983 98 Eier und 112 Nestlinge gesammelt und auf Ruckstande an chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen untersucht. Zwei Kolonien befanden sich in der Nahe von Industriegebieten, die restlichen in Gebieten mit intensiver bzw. weniger intensiver landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung. Die Ruckstandskonzentrationen lagen insgesamt relativ niedrig, was mit der Stellung der Saatkrahe im trophischen System erklart werden kann. Chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe scheinen die Bestandsentwicklung nicht zu beeinflussen. Industrienahe Kolonien wiesen deutlich hohere PCB-Konzentrationen auf. Wahrend der Nestlingsentwicklung nahm der Anteil niedrigchlorierter PCB deutlich zu. Diese Substanzen durften in den Brutgebieten aufgenommen werden und sich anreichern. Wahrscheinlich werden niedrigchlorierte PCB in den geringer kontaminierten Uberwinterungsgebieten metabolisiert, so das spater in den Eiern uberwiegend hochchlorierte PCB nachzuweisen sind. Proben aus Kolonien mit landwirtschaftlich intensiver genutztem Umfeld enthielten in Einzelfallen vergleichsweise hohe Ruckstande an Lindan und s-HCH. Die Konzentrationen an ∑ DDT und hochchlorierten PCB nahmen von 1982 nach 1983 ab, die Lindan- und HCB-Konzentrationen hingegen nur in Eiern. Ob diese Abnahme einem langerfristigen Trend entspricht, lies sich noch nicht beantworten.
Shoulder Muscular Fatigue From Static Posture Concurrently Reduces Cognitive Attentional Resources.

ObjectiveThe goal of this work is to determine whether muscular fatigue concurrently reduces cognitive attentional resources in technical tasks for healthy adults.BackgroundMuscular fatigue is comm...
The Role of Implementation Science in Behavioral Health

This chapter reviews and discusses research and practice in the fields of behavioral health and public health from the perspective of implementation science, with an emphasis on critical questions researchers and practice professionals must address as they attempt to improve services in the community. This chapter will also focus on the latter stages concerned with moving programs that have been conceptualized and tested under controlled conditions into clinical practices, paying particular attention to the process of implementation, issues in program fidelity, fit, and adaptation and conclude with a discussion of integration and sustainability.
Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Underlay Spectrum-Sharing

In this paper, the coexistence of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and underlay spectrum-sharing is investigated. Thereby, the fundamental performance limits are established to characterize the feasibility of this coexistence. A set of spatially-distributed secondary access points (S-APs), which are underlaid in a primary cell-free massive MIMO system, serves many secondary users (SUs) in the same licensed spectrum of the primary access points (P-APs). Stringent secondary transmit power constraints are defined for the S-APs to mitigate undesired secondary co-channel interference (CCI) at the primary users (PUs). The uplink channels are estimated locally at the P-APs and S-APs via a generalized pilot sharing scheme, and thereby, conjugate precoders are used to serve PUs&#x002F;SUs simultaneously. The achievable rates for both primary and secondary systems are derived for imperfectly estimated channels at the P-APs&#x002F;S-APs, and the impact of intra-system pilot contamination is investigated. User-fairness for SUs is guaranteed by designing an efficient transmit power control policy based on the max-min criterion and secondary transmit power constraints. Through a rigorous analysis, we reveal that massive distributed primary&#x002F;secondary transmissions can be exploited to mitigate detrimental impact of secondary CCI on PUs, and thereby, the achievable rates of primary&#x002F;secondary systems can be boosted.
On algebraic values of function $$\exp ~(2\pi i ~x+\log \log y)$$

It is proved that, for all but a finite set of the square-free integers, d the value of transcendental function \(\exp ~(2\pi i ~x+\log \log y)\) is an algebraic number for the algebraic arguments x and y lying in a real quadratic field of discriminant, d. Such a value generates the Hilbert class field of the imaginary quadratic field of discriminant, \(-d\).
Doxycycline-Dependent Self-Inactivation of CRISPR-Cas9 to Temporally Regulate On- and Off-Target Editing.

Exome and deep sequencing of cells treated with a panel of lentiviral guide RNA demonstrate that both on- and off-target editing proceed in a time-dependent manner. Thus, methods to temporally control Cas9 activity would be beneficial. To address this need, we describe a "self-inactivating CRISPR (SiC)" system consisting of a single guide RNA that deactivates the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nuclease in a doxycycline-dependent manner. This enables defined, temporal control of Cas9 activity in any cell type and also in vivo. Results show that SiC may enable a reduction in off-target editing, with less effect on on-target editing rates. This tool facilitates diverse applications including (1) the timed regulation of genetic knockouts in hard-to-transfect cells using lentivirus, including human leukocytes for the identification of glycogenes regulating leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion; (2) genome-wide lentiviral sgRNA (single guide RNA) library applications where Cas9 activity is ablated after allowing pre-determined editing times. Thus, stable knockout cell pools are created for functional screens; and (3) temporal control of Cas9-mediated editing of myeloid and lymphoid cells in vivo, both in mouse peripheral blood and bone marrow. Overall, SiC enables temporal control of gene editing and may be applied in diverse application including studies that aim to reduce off-target genome editing.
The impact of consumers' time constraint and conspicuous consumption behaviour on the throwaway society

In highly competitive economies, productivity is always increasing as entrepreneurs, driven by the profit motive, strive to build a better mousetrap. Over time, this has given consumers a wealth of material goods. However, within this type of economy, the consumers need to consume all that is produced or else there will be distortions in the labour markets. However, as it turns out, we are able to consume all that is produced by having transitioned into a throwaway society, but there are environmental consequences associated with the replacing of malfunctioning household products instead of repairing and reusing these products. There are a number of factors responsible for causing consumers to replace a malfunctioning household product as opposed to repairing the product for reuse. The research in this paper will focus on two of these factors. The first factor is the time constraint that consumers are faced with and the second factor is conspicuous consumption. This research uses the results of an international survey conducted in seven different countries at different stages of economic development. The survey was conducted between November, 2015 and December, 2016. The results show that both the time constraint factor and the conspicuous consumption factor are significant in determining that if a consumer will look to replace a malfunctioning household product as opposed to repairing the product for further reuse. Furthermore, as more nations continue to develop economically and their GDP per capita grows, then the environmental impacts resulting from an increasing throwaway society by those nations will yield more hazardous environmental consequences.