cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow

and +0.049 (0.007–0.12) W m � 2 , respectively. Snow forcing from only fossil fuel + biofuel sources is +0.043 W m � 2 (forcing from only fossil fuels is +0.033 W m � 2 ), suggesting that the anthropogenic contribution to total forcing is at least 80%. The 1998 global land and sea-ice snowpack absorbed 0.60 and 0.23 W m � 2 , respectively, because of direct BC/snow forcing. The forcing is maximum coincidentally with snowmelt onset, triggering strong snow-albedo feedback in local springtime. Consequently, the ‘‘efficacy’’ of BC/snow forcing is more than three times greater than forcing by CO2. The 1998 and 2001 land snowmelt rates north of 50N are 28% and 19% greater in the month preceding maximum melt of control simulations without BC in snow. With climate feedbacks, global annual mean 2-meter air temperature warms 0.15 and 0.10C, when BC is included in snow, whereas annual arctic warming is 1.61 and 0.50C. Stronger highlatitude climate response in 1998 than 2001 is at least partially caused by boreal fires, which account for nearly all of the 35% biomass burning contribution to 1998 arctic forcing. Efficacy was anomalously large in this experiment, however, and more research is required to elucidate the role of boreal fires, which we suggest have maximum arctic BC/snow forcing potential during April–June. Model BC concentrations in snow agree reasonably well (r = 0.78) with a set of 23 observations from various locations, spanning nearly 4 orders of magnitude. We predict concentrations in excess of 1000 ng g � 1 for snow in northeast China, enough to lower snow albedo by more than 0.13. The greatest instantaneous forcing is over the Tibetan Plateau, exceeding 20 W m � 2 in some places during spring. These results indicate that snow darkening is an important component of carbon aerosol climate forcing.
Melanocytic Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System

Abstract Melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) arise from leptomeningeal melanocytes present within the arachnoid membranes. Lesions can manifest as diffuse disseminations within the subarachnoid space or as solid masses, and they range in histologic grade from benign to malignant. Meningeal melanocytoma (benign mass forming proliferation), meningeal melanoma (malignant mass forming proliferation), meningeal melanocytosis (diffuse meningeal benign melanocytic proliferation), and meningeal melanomatosis (diffuse meningeal malignant melanocytic proliferation) belong in this category of diseases. 1 The term neurocutaneous melanosis refers to a group of rare genetic disorders that combine giant single and/or numerous smaller congenital nevi with diffuse leptomeningeal melanosis and increased risks of malignant transformation to melanoma.
Research and development toward heavy ion driven inertial fusion energy

We describe near-term heavy ion fusion (HIF) research objectives associated with developing an inertial fusion energy demonstration power plant. The goal of this near-term research is to lay the essential groundwork for an intermediate research experiment (IRE), designed to demonstrate all the key driver beam manipulations at a meaningful scale, and to enable HIF relevant target physics experiments. This is a very large step in size and complexity compared to HIF experiments to date, and if successful, it would justify proceeding to a demonstration fusion power plant. With an emphasis on accelerator research, this paper is focused on the most important near-term research objectives to justify and to reduce the risks associated with the IRE. The chosen time scale for this research is 5--10 years, to answer key questions associated with the HIF accelerator drivers, in turn enabling a key decision on whether to pursue a much more ambitious and focused inertial fusion energy research and development program. This is consistent with the National Academies of Sciences Review of Inertial Fusion Energy Systems Interim Report, which concludes that ``it would be premature at the present time to choose a particular driver approach\dots{}'' and encouraged the continued development of community consensus on critical issues, and to develop ``options for a community-based roadmap for the development of inertial fusion as a practical energy source.''
Inhibition of Estrogenic Effects on the Skeleton by Testosterone Injections.

ConclusionTestosterone propionate inhibits the skeletal changes (pubic resorption and hypercalcification of the skeleton) which occur when estrogens are injected over extended periods.
Reinforced Structural Holes (WITHDRAWN)

Holes in social structure are variably reinforced by the social organization around the hole. The more reinforced the hole, the greater the difficulty in bridging it, but the more likely a successful bridge will carry information novel, and so potentially valuable, to people on the other side. Results are presented for an integrated population of bankers and a balkanized population of managers. In both, the people who have access to structural holes also have access to reinforced structural holes, and access is the key to the known brokerage association with achievement; reinforcement on average adds nothing to predicting achievement. However, access measures that include a consideration of reinforcement do better in predicting achievement than the familiar access measures that ignore reinforcement. While there is no advantage to having reinforcement around all of the structural holes to which one has access, it seems likely that having access to some reinforced structural holes is an advantage. My conclu...
Marginalization and Invisibility of Women of Color: A Content Analysis of Race and Gender Images in Introductory Criminal Justice and Criminology Texts

This study examines images in 23 textbooks published between 2008 and 2012 to analyze the interactive effects of race and gender. Pictures were analyzed to determine the visual presence White men, ...
The Role of the Latino Vote in the 2016 Elections

A record 27.3 million Latinos will be eligible to vote in the 2016 US elections. This paper encapsulates a series of panel discussions at American University’s 2nd Annual Latino Public Affairs Forum on the potential impact of the Latino vote. Panelists identified several factors that may shape electoral outcomes, including the diverse makeup and interests of the Latino community, immigration’s role as a wedge issue, and partisan and non-partisan effort to engage with, register, and turn out voters.
An examination of retail website design and conversion rate

Abstract Retailers and manufacturers widely use Internet retailing as part of a multichannel promotion and distribution strategy. The rate at which site visitors convert to customers is low for online retail, resulting in high customer acquisition costs. Almost 96% of website visits end with no consumer purchase. This study examines empirical associations between website features and online conversion rates through regression analysis. Results indicate that certain website design features do explain a sizeable portion of the variance converting e-commerce visitors to purchasers. Features that promote flow, a psychological state of immersion into an activity, positively associate with conversion.
Structural and stereochemical requirements for muscarinic receptor binding.

The ability of stereoisomers of muscarinic agonists and antagonists to inhibit specific [ 3 H](DL)3-quinucidinyl benzilate binding to receptors in rat brain and guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle is compared to their ability to stimulate or inhibit contraction of the ileum longitudinal muscle. The close correlations observed with receptor antagonists and weak agonists emphasize the equivalence of muscarinic receptors identified by biochemical and physiological techniques. The correlations with the most biologically potent agonists were poor, suggesting high intrinsic activity and large spare receptor populations for these compounds. Muscariic receptors display stereoselectivity with the enantiomers of certain strong agonists in their production of ileum muscle contractions but not in their ability to inhibit [ 3 H](DL)3-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. Although minor differences are observed between binding stereoselectivity in the muscle and brain tissues, the results suggest a similar structural geometry in the two receptors.
Combined individual and group psychotherapy: guidelines at the interface.

ABSTRACTThe development of combined individual and group psychotherapy is split between the “separationists” and the “integrationists” with regard to therapists' handling of the interface between the individual and group sessions. To bridge the impasse, a high-benefit–low-risk series of guidelines is offered for therapists that includes techniques for analyzing patients' “cross-references” to the other component modality. The four guidelines provide for a harmonious balance that preserves the confidentiality of the individual sessions vis-a-vis the group, while enhancing the group interaction rather than draining it. The therapist guidelines maximize patient initiative in integrating parts of the self expressed in the individual and group sessions, while employing the least intrusive methods necessary to best integrate the processes into a unified combined modality.
Isobaric Molecular Dynamics Version of the Generalized Replica Exchange Method (gREM): Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium

A prescription for sampling isobaric generalized ensembles with molecular dynamics is presented and applied to the generalized replica exchange method (gREM), which was designed to simulate first-order phase transitions. The properties of the isobaric gREM ensemble are discussed, and a study is presented for the liquid–vapor equilibrium of the guest molecules given for gas hydrate formation with the mW water model. Phase diagrams, critical parameters, and a law of corresponding states are obtained.
Mitral stenosis. Evaluation and guidance of valvuloplasty by transesophageal echocardiography.

Percutaneous transvenous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is standardly performed with fluoroscopic guidance. The addition of on-line TEE guidance during PBMV can facilitate the success and safety of this procedure. The role of TEE for direct guidance of PBMV is discussed, including selection of patients, (2) guidance of transseptal puncture, (3) guidance of balloon positioning and dilatation, and (4) immediate assessment of results and early detection of complications.
Breaking the Mould: Thoughts on Punjab’s Future Economic Development

The economy of Punjab state in India offers an interesting case study. Punjab has been for decades––and remains––one of India’s better-off states, and so it tends not be included in the primary focus of national programs meant to reduce poverty or spur economic development. But, Punjab’s relative economic position within India has declined rapidly in recent years. This decline has been accompanied by environmental problems and symptoms of deep social malaise. As will be argued in this chapter, Punjab is facing a multidimensional crisis that requires urgent attention. This chapter provides an overview of Punjab’s crisis, through an analysis of the dynamics of Punjab’s economic development as shaped by its political economy, its social dynamics and exogenous events since independence. It argues that one can understand both Punjab’s success in certain areas of agriculture and its subsequent relative decline in terms of the interaction of these factors. It uses this historical analysis to provide an assessment of Punjab’s future economic development, in terms of the structural changes that are needed, and how these can be encouraged or implemented by policy makers within the constraints of its current political–economic equilibrium.
HSV-2 Transverse Myelitis after Spinal Cord Contusion: A Case Report (P1.298)

OBJECTIVE: Report a case of Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) transverse myelitis after spinal cord contusion BACKGROUND: Transverse myelitis due to HSV-2 is rare and has not previously been reported after cord contusion DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report RESULTS: A 37 year old man was admitted with bilateral progressive lower extremity weakness/numbness over 6-8 weeks. One month earlier he tripped and fell resulting in neck injury. He denied loss of consciousness or bladder/bowel dysfunction, but was initially unable to move any extremities or feel below his neck. He was taken to a local hospital and after 4-6 hours his strength and sensation improved. He returned to work (welding) but struggled with motor control of legs more than arms. One month later he had acute worsening of right-sided weakness and numbness associated with urinary retention and sexual dysfunction. Neurological exam was significant for increased tone, 4/5 power at the right extremities with decreased pain sensation at the left extremities, proprioceptive loss in both lower extremities with bilateral extensor plantar reflexes. Cervical spine MRI showed a 2 cm enhancing lesion in the central cord at C3-4 opposite a disc osteophyte and edema from C2 to C6. MR spectroscopy was indeterminate. CSF showed lymphocytic pleocytosis and flow cytometry was negative. HSV-2 PCR showed >100 copies. He was treated with steroids and acyclovir and discharged to rehab. Two months later he showed improved (5-) power and normal voiding but continued to have problems with coordination, proprioception and right leg pain. CONCLUSIONS: HSV-2 has been reported to cause lumbosacral radiculomyelitis, ascending myelitis in immunosuppressed patients and transverse myelitis after spinal tumor resection. This is the first report of post-traumatic HSV-2 myelitis, which should be considered in patients with cord contusion who experience secondary decline after initial improvement. Study Supported by: NA Disclosure: Dr. Chauhan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shukla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Greenfield has received royalty payments from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Cyber risks to secure and private universal access

The overarching goal of UA is affording all individuals, regardless of disabilities, geographic status, infrastructure, age or training background, the use and benefit of information technology. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness of the security and privacy cyber risks in the everyday use of UA technology. The challenge of UA technology transfer from the laboratory to real world setting leads us to identify vulnerabilities of UA users and to present examples of cyber security strategies to safeguard data. The principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability guide our non-exhaustive review of concrete UA approaches and their security and privacy implications for everyday use. We examine the cyber risks to privacy and security of brain computer interfaces and UA home networking and conclude with call to interdisciplinary collaboration between the security and UA expert communities to ensure the transitioning of safe and secure UA technologies to the end-users.
Large-area growth of multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride on polished cobalt foils by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which has a similar honeycomb lattice structure to graphene, is promising as a dielectric material for a wide variety of potential applications based on 2D materials. Synthesis of high-quality, large-size and single-crystalline h-BN domains is of vital importance for fundamental research as well as practical applications. In this work, we report the growth of h-BN films on mechanically polished cobalt (Co) foils using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Under appropriate growth conditions, the coverage of h-BN layers can be readily controlled by growth time. A large-area, multi-layer h-BN film with a thickness of 5~6 nm is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the size of h-BN single domains is 20~100 μm. Dielectric property of as-grown h-BN film is evaluated by characterization of Co(foil)/h-BN/Co(contact) capacitor devices. Breakdown electric field is in the range of 3.0~3.3 MV/cm, which indicates that the epitaxial h-BN film has good insulating characteristics. In addition, the effect of substrate morphology on h-BN growth is discussed regarding different domain density, lateral size, and thickness of the h-BN films grown on unpolished and polished Co foils.
Isomorphic Pressures and Innovation Trends in Italian Health Care Organizations

Over 20 years, hospitals in Italy as well as in other European countries have evolved and changed in response to institutional pressures. With the corporatization, there has been the entrance of new logics and governance structures that contributed to a transformation of the health system. The survival of healthcare organizations is dictated not only by the technical conditions, that allow efficiently and effectively operating, but also by the ability to comply with rules to get legitimacy from external institutional actors. Organizations in a population adapt to their environment, in which operate, so many other organizations adapting to it (isomorphism). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a theoretical framework based on neo-institutional approach that could explain the influence of isomorphic pressures on innovative processes in health care sector. Qualitative data from literature on neo-institutional theory applied to health care sector have been analyzed. Findings reveal institutional pressures stimulate the development of innovations and organizational learning. This concept concerns both the fit of the organization with its environment (strategic matters) and effective implementation of strategies. Hospitals must find ways to increase profit, by improving medical capabilities for payment health care services. One of the most important isomorphic pressure is the prospective payment system for health care that had effects on the choices of organizational models to adopt. The challenge for hospital administrators is to seek consistency between efficiency and quality care.
Personalized Medicine Based Approach to Model Patterns of Chemoresistance and Tumor Recurrence Using Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Spheroids

Purpose: Chemoresistant ovarian cancers grow in suspension within the ascites fluid. To screen the effect of chemotherapeutics and biologics on resistant ovarian cancers with a personalized basis, we developed a 3D hanging drop spheroid platform.Experimental Design: We initiated spheroids with primary aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) CD133+ ovarian cancer stem cells (OvCSC) from different patient samples and demonstrated that stem cell progeny from harvested spheroids was similar to the primary tumor. OvCSC spheroids were utilized to initiate tumors in immunodeficient mice. Drug responses to cisplatin and ALDH-targeting compound or JAK2 inhibitor determined whether the OvCSC population within the spheroids could be targeted. Cells that escaped therapy were isolated and used to initiate new spheroids and model tumor reemergence in a personalized manner.Results: OvCSC spheroids from different patients exhibited varying and personalized responses to chemotherapeutics. Xenografts were established from OvCSC spheroids, even with a single spheroid. Distinct responses to therapy were observed in distinct primary tumor xenografts similar to those observed in spheroids. Spheroids resistant to cisplatin/ALDH inhibitor therapy had persistent, albeit lower ALDH expression and complete loss of CD133 expression, whereas those resistant to cisplatin/JAK2 inhibitor therapy were enriched for ALDH+ cells.Conclusions: Our 3D hanging drop suspension platform can be used to propagate primary OvCSCs that represent individual patient tumors effectively by differentiating in vitro and initiating tumors in mice. Therefore, our platform can be used to study cancer stem cell biology and model tumor reemergence to identify new targeted therapeutics from an effective personalized medicine standpoint. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6934-45. ©2017 AACR.
Algérie, textes et regards croisés

Anne Roche – a professor emerita of Francophone literature at the University of Aix-Marseille – is both a prolific literary critic and fiction writer, having published more than thirty works. Her c...
Presentations of Values and Their Evidence

In the following I refer to On Emotional Presentation where most o the theory of the presentation of values was developed1. Values are presented by emotions. Meinong calls this emotionl presentation. Specifically, values such as moral, aesthetic, and so-called timological values are presented by feelings. Values occasion obligations to realize those values. Obligations are presented by desires. These obligations are called “desiderivatives” by the Meinong of On Emotional Presentation. This term is not used anymore in Elements of Ethics. In that book Meinong speaks of values and valuations and then obligations. There are three value classes: moral (or rather ethical which contains the moral value class as a subclass), aesthetic, and timological values. Timological values are truth and probability.
Semi-supervised learning for cell tracking in microscopy images

This paper discusses an algorithm for semi-supervised learning to predict cell division and motion in microscopy images. The cells for tracking are detected using extremal region selection and are depicted using a graphical representation. The supervised loss minimizes the error in predictions for the division and move classifiers. The unsupervised loss constrains the incoming links for every detection such that only one of the links is active. Similarly for the outgoing links, we enforce at-most two links to be active. The supervised and un-supervised losses are embedded in a Bayesian framework for probabilistic learning. The classifier predictions are used to model flow variables for every edge in the graph. The cell lineages are solved by formulating it as an energy minimization problem with constraints using integer linear programming. The unsupervised loss adds a significant improvement in the prediction of the division classifier.
APPLICATIONS – TRANSPORTATION | Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Batteries

Batteries are the key components of all kinds of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Pure electric vehicle development mainly addresses the energy content of the battery, whereas HEV development demands a power source with more emphasis on power capability and high energy turnover. There are various HEV concepts to be served with modern power sources: micro hybrids, mild hybrids, full hybrids, and plug-in hybrids. The properties of various electrochemical power systems and their opportunities to comply with the different technical and commercial demands of these HEVs are discussed. Besides the electrochemical cell technology, different aspects of the battery management system are also discussed.
The Relationship Between Postinjury Symptomatology and Days Postinjury for the Graded Symptom Scale in Concussed Adolescent Athletes

Concussion symptoms are important self-reported indicators of recovery. The purpose of this study was to describe the symptom burden in the first 3 weeks postconcussion and estimate the strength of relationship between symptomatology and days postconcussion. Headache was the most commonly endorsed symptom during weeks 1 (71.1%), 2 (37.6%), and 3 (32.6%). Severity scores were negatively correlated with days postconcussion, p < .01. While headache is commonly reported following a concussion, and decreases with time, it was still endorsed 3 weeks postinjury. Clinicians should be aware that lingering symptoms may suggest a prolonged recovery that requires an active treatment approach.
The Effect of Patient Characteristics on 1 to 2-Year and Minimum 5-Year Outcomes After Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Background:Total ankle arthroplasty has shown durable improvements in patient-reported outcomes. However, the impact of common comorbidities and patient factors has not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify patient comorbidities and characteristics that impact outcomes
Absolute Quantitation of Oxidizable Peptides by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry

Quantitation methods for peptides using mass spectrometry have advanced rapidly. These methods rely on using standard and/or isotope-labeled peptides, which might be difficult or expensive to synthesize. To tackle this challenge, we present a new approach for absolute quantitation without the use of standards or calibration curves based on coulometry combined with mass spectrometry (MS). In this approach, which we call coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS), the mass spectrum of a target peptide containing one or more tyrosine residues is recorded before and after undergoing electrochemical oxidation. We record the total integrated oxidation current from the electrochemical measurement, which according to the Faraday’s Law of coulometry, provides the number of moles of oxidized peptide. The ion intensity ratio of the target peptide before and after oxidation provides an excellent estimate of the fraction of the peptide that has been oxidized, from which the total amount of peptide is calculated. The striking strength of CMS is that it needs no standard peptide, but CMS does require the peptide to contain a known number of oxidizable groups. To illustrate the power of this method, we analyzed various tyrosine-containing peptides such as GGYR, DRVY, oxytocin, [Arg8]-vasotocin and angiotensinogen 1–14 with a quantification error ranging from − 7.5 to + 2.4%. This approach is also applicable to quantifying phosphopeptides and could be useful in proteomics research.
Leadership Morality in Crisis: How Do Leaders Respond?

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss and examine the US regulatory and academic leadership response to the country’s corporate scandals and corporate governance crisis. A historical overview of select past large corporate scandals is provided, along with a biblical assessment of the leadership scandals through the lens of the Ten Commandment principles, with respect to dishonesty, theft, coveting, idealizing, and hurting others. The biblical approach to transforming deficient behavior by changing the heart is examined. Current-day corporate leadership scandals that defied established laws are discussed. Considered as well is the effectiveness of corrective actions taken to curtail corporate leadership misconduct. Pursuing various forms of organizational spirituality is suggested for enhancing efforts toward acculturating heart-driven commitment to ethical leadership values and behavior.
Do USMLE steps, and ITE score predict the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Exam results?

To evaluate if United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, USMLE Step 3, and residency third-year in-service training exam (ITE) scores predict the results of American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Exam (ABIM-CE). We performed a retrospective review of USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, USMLE Step 3, third-year residency ITE scores and ABIM-CE results of IM residents at our residency program from 2004 through 2017. Statistical analysis was perfrormed using Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression to assess the relationship between USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2CK, USMLE Step 3, 3rd year ITE scores and ABIM-CE results. We used Multivariate logistic regression to predict pass or fail results in ABIM-CE based on USMLE and third-year ITE test scores controlling for other covariates. Among 114 Internal Medicine MD residents included in the study, 92% (n = 105) passed the ABIM-CE. The OR of passing ABIM-CE was 2.70 (95% CI = 1.38–5.29), 2.31 (95% CI = 1.33–4.01), and 1.63 (95% CI = 0.81–3.29) with a ten-point increase in USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK and USMLE Step 3 scores respectively. The OR of ABIM-CE passing chance was 2.96 (95% CI = 0.95–9.20), with a ten-point increase in the average score of the above three exams. A 5 % increase in ITE percentage raised the likelihood of passing ABIM-CE (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.15–7.38). All residents who failed ABIM-CE had Step 1 scores < 220. Among 31 residents with Step 2 CK score < 220, 20% (n = 6) failed ABIM. Similarly, 9% of residents with USMLE Step 3 score < 220 failed ABIM-CE; all residents who failed had scored < 220. The probability curve predicted that the chance of passing ABIM- CE was around 80% with USMLE scores greater than 200 and increased to almost 100% with USMLE scores of 250 or more. USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, and third-year ITE scores can predict the chances of passing ABIM-CE. The third-year ITE score has a higher preditive value compared to USMLE Step 1 and USMLE Step 2 scores. USMLE Step 1 scores more predictive of ABIM-CE results compared to USMLE Step 2CK scores. Thus, residency programs can identify internal medicine residents at risk of failing ABIM-CE and formulate interventions at an early stage during residency training. Measures such as enrolling them in question banks or board review courses can be helpful in improving their chances of passing ABIM-CE.
Provable Sample Complexity Guarantees for Learning of Continuous-Action Graphical Games with Nonparametric Utilities.

In this paper, we study the problem of learning the exact structure of continuous-action games with non-parametric utility functions. We propose an $\ell_1$ regularized method which encourages sparsity of the coefficients of the Fourier transform of the recovered utilities. Our method works by accessing very few Nash equilibria and their noisy utilities. Under certain technical conditions, our method also recovers the exact structure of these utility functions, and thus, the exact structure of the game. Furthermore, our method only needs a logarithmic number of samples in terms of the number of players and runs in polynomial time. We follow the primal-dual witness framework to provide provable theoretical guarantees.
HyperPlane: A Scalable Low-Latency Notification Accelerator for Software Data Planes

I/O software stacks have evolved rapidly due to the growing speed of I/O devices—including network adapters, storage devices, and accelerators—and the emergence of microservice-based programming models. Datacenters rely on fast, efficient Software Data Planes (SDPs), which orchestrate data transfer between applications and I/O devices. Modern data planes are user-level software stacks, wherein cores spin-poll a large number of queues to avoid the attendant overheads of kernel-based I/O. Cores often poll empty queues before finding work in non-empty ones. Interrogating empty queues hurts peak throughput, tail latency, and energy efficiency as it often entails fruitless cache misses. In this work, we propose HyperPlane, an efficient accelerator for the notification mechanism of SDPs. The key features of HyperPlane are (1) avoiding iteration over empty I/O queues, unlike software-only designs, resulting in queue scalability, (2) halting execution when I/O queues are idle, leading to work proportionality and energy efficiency, and (3) efficiently sharing queues across cores to enjoy strong theoretical properties of scale-up queuing. HyperPlane is realized through a hardware subsystem associated with a familiar programming model. HyperPlane’s microarchitecture consists of a monitoring set that watches for work arrival from I/O, and a ready set, which tracks ready queues and distributes work to cores based on various service policies and priority levels. We show that HyperPlane improves peak throughput by 4.1× and tail latency by 16.4× compared to a state-of-the-art SDP.
Validity Evidence for the Revised Classroom Practices Survey: An Instrument to Measure Teachers’ Differentiation Practices:

We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Classroom Practices Survey–Revised (CPS-R) when used with students achieving at low, average, and high levels. A total of 739 teachers completed CPS-...
Robotic Right Lower Lobe Lobectomy

Robotic systems utilize computer technology and robotic control to perform minimally invasive surgery. Robotic lobectomy has been shown to be safe and effective for benign and malignant pathologies of the lungs. Our technique for right lower lobectomy uses four robotic arms to isolate and divide the pulmonary artery, vein, and bronchus to the right lower lobe. In this chapter, the conduct of operation for robotic right lower lobectomy is reviewed, with detailed description of our evolving techniques, which we have refined over the last decade of performing and teaching robotic thoracic surgery.
“This Wave in the Mind”: Resonant Becomings in Reading-Writing Inquiry:

How might one situate oneself in and respond to research literature in a way that does not assume traditional humanist research paradigms? In response, I engage in poetic inquiry through my reading...
Coping Methods Used by College Undergraduate and Graduate Students while Experiencing Childhood Adversities and Traumas

Experiences in childhood, both positive and negative, are crucial to a child’s progression. Childhood traumas and adversities are detrimental to children’s development and can have long term consequences that manifest themselves in young adulthood. The purpose of this study is to inductively explore coping strategies used by young adults during their experience of childhood traumas and adversities. A sample of college students from a diverse northeastern university (N = 146) provided quantitative and qualitative survey responses. Students were asked, “What were the tools you used to cope with adversity and/or traumatic events?” Participants responded to the prompt based on their experiences from childhood. The researchers analyzed the qualitative data using a mixed-method, thematic approach to coding participant responses. Additional quantitative information is explored to explain emerging qualitative themes. Two salient themes of coping strategies emerged, providing support for Machado et al. (2020): (1) Emotion-Focused Coping and (2) Problem-Focus Coping. Minor themes built on the findings in the area of Emotion-Focused Coping, highlighting processes of (i) emotional regulation, (ii) emotional expression, and (iii) emotional avoidance. Excerpts from this study’s participants suggest that individuals dealing with adversities and traumas find a variety of ways to cope. These coping strategies can be implemented into institutions’ everyday practices to aid children during their time of vulnerability. The article provides recommendations for school administrators, leadership teams, and any professional specializing in school culture, curriculum, and social work.
A phase Ib trial of alpelisib and weekly cisplatin in patients with solid tumor malignancies.

3134Background: The PI3K pathway may represent a mechanism to overcome cisplatin resistance, particularly in human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated tumors. We conducted a phase Ib trial of alpelisi...
Beyond Receptivity: Exploring the Role of Identity in Educators’ Orientation Toward Newcomers in a New Immigrant Destination:

Research on education in new immigrant destinations has highlighted the importance of educators’ professional missions and expertise in shaping their receptivity toward newcomers. Less attention ha...
23Na imaging: Worth its salt for understanding multiple sclerosis.

Recent work both in vitro and in in vivo animal models has implicated sodium as one of a number of environmental factors in the induction of autoimmune disease, although direct experimental evidence in patients was lacking (1, 2). In PNAS, Huhn et al. (3) find that male patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) have elevated skin sodium deposition relative to healthy controls, as measured by sodium MRI (23Na-MRI). By quantitatively demonstrating disease-specific elevations in tissue salt stores, they establish the biological relevance of salt as an environmental risk factor for autoimmunity and the utility of 23Na-MRI for studying this phenomenon in vivo. There has been a marked increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases in the last half-century. While the underlying genetic basis of this class of diseases has recently been elucidated implicating predominantly immune response genes (4, 5), changes in environmental factors must ultimately be driving this increase (Fig. 1). We and others have recently demonstrated that higher but physiologic salt conditions activate the p38/MAPK pathway involving NFAT5 and the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) during cytokine-induced Th17 polarization (1, 2). Gene silencing or chemical inhibition of p38/MAPK, NFAT5, or SGK1 abrogated the high-salt–induced Th17 cell development. In animal models, high-salt diets caused mice to develop more severe EAE (1, 2) Fig. 1. MS, as with all autoimmune diseases, results from a bad outcome of gene–environmental interactions. Over 233 genetic variants have been identified that interact with environmental triggers including smoking, vitamin D, Epstein–Barr virus, and now as shown here salt that influence immune anatomic niches including the gut, adipose tissue, meninges, and skin that leads to the activation of myelin reactive T cells that initiate MS. It was also … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: david.hafler{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Centimeter-Scale MoS 2 on Solid Electrolyte Substrate by Sulfurization of Molybdenum Thin Film

Solid-state electrolytes have attracted significant attention in rechargeable battery and solid-state device research due to the added benefits over the liquid electrolytic counterpart owing to their solid nature. Here, we demonstrated centimeter-scale growth of MoS 2 thin film, a promising two-dimensional (2D) material for transistor and energy storage, on Li-ion solid electrolyte substrate by sulfurization of Molybdenum thin film. The sulfurized film was characterized using a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, including optical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The film was further characterized by electrical probing to measure the film quality and underlying transport mechanism.
Recent Developments in PROTAC-Mediated Protein Degradation: From Bench to Clinic

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), an emerging paradigm-shifting technology, hijacks the ubiquitin-proteasome system for targeted protein degradation. PROTACs induce ternary complexes between an E3 ligase and POI, and this induced proximity leads to polyUb chain formation on substrates and eventual proteasomal-mediated POI degradation. PROTACs have shown great therapeutic potential by degrading many disease-causing proteins, such as the androgen receptor and BRD4. The PROTAC technology has advanced significantly in the last two decades, with the repertoire of PROTAC targets increased tremendously. Herein, we describe recent developments of PROTAC technology, focusing on mechanistic and kinetic studies, pharmacokinetic study, spatiotemporal control of PROTACs, covalent PROTACs, resistance to PROTACs, and new E3 ligands.
Antennal mechanosensory neurons mediate wing motor reflexes in flying Drosophila

Although many behavioral studies have shown the importance of antennal mechanosensation in various aspects of insect flight control, the identities of the mechanosensory neurons responsible for these functions are still unknown. One candidate is the Johnston's organ (JO) neurons that are located in the second antennal segment and detect phasic and tonic rotations of the third antennal segment relative to the second segment. To investigate how different classes of JO neurons respond to different types of antennal movement during flight, we combined 2-photon calcium imaging with a machine vision system to simultaneously record JO neuron activity and the antennal movement from tethered flying fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). We found that most classes of JO neurons respond strongly to antennal oscillation at the wing beat frequency, but not to the tonic deflections of the antennae. To study how flies use input from the JO neurons during flight, we genetically ablated specific classes of JO neurons and examined their effect on the wing motion. Tethered flies flying in the dark require JO neurons to generate slow antiphasic oscillation of the left and right wing stroke amplitudes. However, JO neurons are not necessary for this antiphasic oscillation when visual feedback is available, indicating that there are multiple pathways for generating antiphasic movement of the wings. Collectively, our results are consistent with a model in which flying flies use JO neurons to detect increases in the wing-induced airflow and that JO neurons are involved in a response that decreases contralateral wing stoke amplitude.
Signal extrapolation based on wavelet transform

The Papoulis-Gerchberg (PG) algorithm is used for band-limited signal extrapolation. The PG algorithm is generalized to signals in wavelet subspaces. The generalized PG algorithm is considered for both continuous and discrete time signals. Its convergence is investigated. Numerical examples show its performance. >
Activation of human B lymphocytes: XVI. Cellular requirements, interactions, and immunoregulation of pokeweed mitogen-induced total-immunoglobulin producing plaque-forming cells in peripheral blood

Abstract The optimal culture and assay conditions for the detection of spontaneously occurring and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced polyvalent Ig (IgG + IgM + IgA) and individual Ig class-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) in human peripheral blood have been described in detail. Culture conditions are critical, particularly with regard to cell density and batches of supplemental serum. Fetal calf serum is a much more supportive serum supplement for PWM-induced PFC than is human serum. The assay system is a modified reverse hemolytic PFC assay using staphylococcal protein A coupled to sheep red blood cells by the chromic chloride method. PFC are developed by rabbit anti-human polyvalent Ig or anti-human individual Ig class antisera. Human peripheral blood contains 468 (±78) spontaneously occurring Ig secreting PFC per 10 6 lymphocytes at Day 0 and 20,500(± 1971) PWM-induced Ig secreting PFC after 6 days in culture. The response is T-cell dependent; however, T cells can be replaced by a soluble T-cell factor prepared from a 48-hr allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction supernatant. The relative dependence on monocytes is a reflection of the culture conditions employed. Under the conditions of round-bottom tubes which promote cell-to-cell contact, depletion of monocytes to 0 to 2% does not result in a diminution of PFC responses. In fact, under such conditions, in certain individuals monocytes are markedly suppressive such that removal of monocytes results in a substantial enhancement of PFC responses. This system is simple and reproducible and should prove extremely useful in the delineation of the mechanisms of B-cell triggering and immunoregulation in normals and in disease states.
Donor-Determined Intergovernmental Grants Structure:

The lack of simple language to describe the structure of intergovernmental grant programs and a failure to recognize that such programs are chosen by legislators whose preferences differ from those of recipients has led o an inability to develop a theory of why intergovernmental grants exist and why grant programs take the forms that they do. By reducing the complexities of grant programs o a simple structure of rates bases, and purposes, this article is able to provide a conceptual framework for viewing individual grant programs as components of a comprehensive intergovernmental grants structure chosen through a legislative process in which individual legislators have preferences that are distinct from those of their recipients. Administrative costs play an important role in keeping the resulting grants structure simple, and the existence of categorical grants is shown to depend on the existence of spillover effects, fiscal illusion, or political asymmetry.
Characterization of dentin, enamel, and carious lesions by a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system.

Enamel and dentin are the primary components of human teeth. Both of them have a strong polarization effect. We designed a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) system to study the spatially resolved scattering and polarization phenomena of teeth. The system is constructed in free space to avoid the complexity of polarization control in fiber-based PSOCT. The structural features of enamel were evaluated in five human teeth that had no visible evidence of caries. The teeth were subsequently sectioned in mesial distal orientation and coronal orientation. Then the structural aspects of dentin were evaluated. OCT images were made of the mantel dentin near the dentin–enamel junction. Five teeth with interproximal and occlusal caries were also studied. With two channel and phase-retardation images, PSOCT provided better functional contrast and more detailed structural information than conventional OCT. For a better description of the measured PSOCT data, we classify these features by two types, i.e., the local textural features and the global structural features. This study indicates that PSOCT has the potential to be a powerful tool for research of dental formation and caries diagnosis.
Respiratory arrest in a parturient following intrathecal injection of sufentanil and bupivacaine

A 19-year-old obstetric patient had a respiratory arrest shortly after receiving intrathecal sufentanil and bupivacaine as part of a combined epidural/spinal technique for pain relief in labour.
Selective epigenetic alteration of layer I GABAergic neurons isolated from prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients using laser-assisted microdissection.

Among the most consistent results of studies of post-mortem brain tissue from schizophrenia patients (SZP) is the finding that in this disease, several genes expressed by GABAergic neurons are downregulated. This downregulation may be caused by hypermethylation of the relevant promoters in affected neurons. Indeed, increased numbers of GABAergic interneurons expressing DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mRNA have been demonstrated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of SZP using in situ hybridization. The present study expands upon these findings using nested competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction combined with laser-assisted microdissection to quantitate the extent of DNMT1 mRNA overexpression in distinct populations of GABAergic neurons obtained from either layer I or layer V of the PFC of SZP. In a cohort of eight SZP and eight non-psychiatric subject (NPS) post-mortem BA9 tissue samples, DNMT1 mRNA was found to be selectively expressed in GABAergic interneurons and virtually absent in pyramidal neurons. DNMT1 mRNA expression was approximately threefold higher in GABAergic interneurons microdissected from layer I of SZP relative to the same neurons microdissected from NPS. GABAergic interneurons obtained from layer V of the same samples displayed no difference in DNMT1 mRNA expression between groups. In the same samples, the GABAergic neuron-specific glutamic acid-decarboxylase67 (GAD67) and reelin mRNAs were underexpressed twofold in GABAergic interneurons isolated from layer I of SZP relative to GABAergic interneurons microdissected from layer I of NPS, and unaltered in GABAergic interneurons of layer V. These findings implicate an epigenetically mediated layer I GABAergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and suggest novel strategies for treatment of the disease.