cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poles of the pi N P11 partial-wave amplitude.

We have carried out fits to the energy dependence of the ${P}_{11}$ partial-wave amplitude as obtained in two different single-energy analyses of $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering data. Data on inelastic cross sections were also used. The fits used an analytic approximation to the coupled-channel amplitudes suggested by the Dyson equations. From each set of partial-wave data, two resonances were obtained, at roughly 1470 and 1700 MeV. Each of these resonances is associated with a cluster of poles on the Riemann surface.
Mathematical Statistics: Asymptotic Minimax Theory

Parametric models: The Fisher efficiency The Bayes and minimax estimators Asymptotic minimaxity Some irregular statistical experiments Change-point problem Sequential estimators Linear parametric regression Nonparametric regression: Estimation in nonparametric regression Local polynomial approximation of regression function Estimation of regression in global norms Estimation by splines Asymptotic optimality in global norms Estimation in nonparametric models: Estimation of functionals Dimension and structure in nonparametric regression Adaptive estimation Testing of nonparametric hypotheses Bibliography Index of notation Index
Fear and learning in student teaching: Accountability as gatekeeper in social studies

Abstract Today’s pre-service teachers grew up attending schools where high stakes testing and teacher accountability were the norm. Despite a substantial body of research focused on the influence high-stakes testing on the practices of novice social studies teachers, a gap exists regarding the accountability movement's influence on novice social studies teachers. This study focused explicitly on the influence high-stakes testing and the culture of accountability had on two pre-service social studies teachers during their student teaching experience. Our findings highlight the ways the accountability culture of public schools served a narrow gatekeeping function, limiting what participants learned during student teaching. Rethinking gatekeeping during student teaching within the current era of accountability and oversight positions teacher educators to confront the constricting nature of student teaching today. Student teachers must learn to recognize the gatekeeping aspects of the accountability culture and to make sense of the contradictions embedded in the student teaching experience.
Models of Consciousness: How They Shape Understandings of Normal Mental Functioning and Mental Illness

This chapter reviews competing models of consciousness and their implications for theory building in medicine and psychiatry. After millennia of observation, research, and debate, there is still no compelling evidence for any single model of consciousness nor is there agreement on how to define consciousness or what constitutes a rigorous model of consciousness. The strengths and limitations of popular models of consciousness are reviewed. Disparate metaphysical assumptions about the nature of reality and disparate perspectives on valid ways of knowing about reality translate into different schemata for characterizing attributes of body–brain. Some models rest on assumptions about mechanisms that cannot be examined using available empirical means and are thus not falsifiable. The reductionist framework imposed by mainstream science on consciousness research excludes quantum-level processes or other postulated nonclassical phenomena. However, emerging research findings suggest that nonclassical phenomena may play a significant role in consciousness.
Dissolution of a Multinational Empire: Migration Flows and Ethnic Relations

This chapter discusses the consequences of the dissolution of the Soviet Union into fifteen independent countries and the resulting migration flows. Both the women who had always lived in Yaroslavl and those who had moved there from other republics expressed sorrow at the deterioration of relations among the former republics. Three sets of experiences are described at length—that of a woman who moved as a girl from Azerbaijan to Yaroslavl in the 1990s, that of a woman who worked for the newly-established Migration Services in the 1990s, and that of a woman who has spent many years working to improve interethnic relations within the city. Along with the collapse of the Soviet economic and political system in the late 1980s came deep cracks in the official narrative of a happy multinational union where all lived and worked in harmony. At the time of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, Russia was a vast empire, stretching from Eastern Europe across Asia to the Pacific Ocean. Some of the land was populated by nomadic tribes, such as the sheepherders of Central Asia and the reindeer herders of the Far North. Other regions, like Armenia and Georgia in the Caucasus, had a well-established literary, religious and artistic tradition and a strong sense of national identity at the time they were absorbed into the Russian Empire.
FAMILY DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ EPIPHANIES AND CHANGES IN THEIR APPROACH TO CARING FOLLOWING THE VIRTUAL DEMENTIA TOUR

Previous interventional studies have failed to show long-term improvements in caregiver stress, health indices, burden, or delay in long-term care placement. The Virtual Dementia Tour® (VDT) provides a vicarious first-person perspective of symptoms related to dementia. This interpretative phenomenological study revealed family dementia caregivers’ perceptions of the VDT® and its impact on their perception of a person living with dementia. In-depth open semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten VDT® participants following a community event. Participants’ statements described a life-changing process with eye-opening epiphanies about the lived experience of dementia and served as a “call to action” to change their approach to caring. Innovative advances in family caregiving research are critical to support this valuable geriatric workforce. This original study provided new knowledge about the value of the VDT® to inform interventions that harness the unrecognized power of vicarious experiences like the VDT® for family dementia caregivers to improve long-term outcomes.
Beyond the Strategies of Feedback Seeking: A Review and Initial Conceptualization of Feedback-Seeking Styles

Since its introduction into the management literature in 1983, the concept of feedback seeking has continued to enjoy both theoretical and empirical attention. During this time, the strategies of seeking feedback have more than doubled, and the literature about how employees seek feedback over time has become diversified. With this evolution, some researchers have observed that direct feedback inquiries remain relatively stable over time. Alternatively, others have observed decreases in such feedback inquiries when employees stay longer in the organization. This chapter aims to address issues regarding how employees seek feedback. To achieve this, we begin by presenting a dynamic reciprocal model of feedback seeking highlighting three phases (pre-interaction, interaction, and post-interaction). Next, we review some of the empirically identified strategies of feedback seeking. Extending the notion of strategies, we propose the feedback-seeking styles (direct, indirect) and we posit that the style of feedback seeking helps to answer the question of how employees seek feedback over time. We advance the conceptualization of feedback-seeking styles to help reconcile the equivocal findings of strategies over time. Then, we discuss some possible determinants of the configurations of the style. Finally, we conclude this chapter by identifying potentially fruitful avenues for research and practical implications reflecting our expanded notion of feedback-seeking styles.
Functionality of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase in enhancing phosphorus availability to broilers fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet

Abstract The addition of phytase enzyme to broiler feed as a means of improving phosphorus (P) availability and reducing P excretion is widespread practice. New phytases with enhanced functionality continue to be developed. We tested the effects of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase on growth performance, tibia ash and P digestibility in broilers. Treatments included a nutritionally adequate positive control (PC) diet, a negative control (NC) diet formulated with reductions in Ca and available P (avP) of 2.0 g/kg and 1.9 g/kg (starter phase) and 2.0 g/kg and 1.8 g/kg (finisher phase), respectively, and three further diets comprising the NC supplemented with three levels of phytase (250, 500 or 1000 FTU/kg). Diets were fed in mash form to day-old Cobb 500 broilers housed in pens (9 pens for NC, 10 pens for all other treatments; 24 birds/pen), in two phases (starter, days 1–21; finisher, days 22–42). Tibias were collected from 4 birds on day 21 and from 6 birds on day 42 for determination of defatted tibia ash. Ileal digesta was collected on day 21 for determination of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Compared to PC, the NC exhibited reduced tibia ash at day 21 and 42, resulting in reduced average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during starter, finisher, and overall phases, and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during finisher phase and overall (P
TritonRoute: The Open-Source Detailed Router

Detailed routing is a dead-or-alive critical element in design automation tooling for advanced node enablement. However, very few works address detailed routing in the recent open literature, particularly in the context of modern industrial designs and a complete, end-to-end flow. The ISPD-2018 Initial Detailed Routing Contest addressed this gap for modern industrial designs, using a realistic design rules set. In this work, we present TritonRoute, a detailed router capable of delivering a DRC-clean routing solution. The key contributions of TritonRoute include an in-memory router database, along with an end-to-end detailed routing scheme that is capable of comprehending connectivity and design rule constraints, with every key detail revealed by a code release under a permissive open-source license. We evaluate our router using the official ISPD-2018 benchmark suite and show that TritonRoute achieves an unprecedented solution quality—improved wirelength and via count, and an extremely low level of design rule violations (DRCs). Compared to the known best detailed routing solutions from all published academic detailed routers, TritonRoute improves wirelength by up to 0.8% (avg. 0.4%), via count by up to 16.1% (avg. 9.3%), and DRCs by up to 100% (avg. 92.0%).
The archaeology of Northern Slavery and freedom

In The Archaeology of Northern Slavery and Freedom, James A. Delle has provided us with the first comprehensive discussion and survey of the growing literature on the archaeology of enslavement of ...
Neurological Complications in Patients with Heart Transplantation

Neurological complications after heart transplantation are common and include cerebrovascular events (ischemic strokes, hemorrhagic strokes, and transient ischemic attacks), seizures, encephalopathy, central nervous system (CNS) infections, malignancies, and peripheral nervous system complications. Although most neurological complications are transient, strokes and CNS infections can result in high mortality and morbidity. Early recognition and timely management of these serious complications are crucial to improve survival and recovery. Diagnosing CNS infections can be challenging because their clinical presentation can be subtle in the setting of immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive medications themselves can cause a broad spectrum of neurological complications including seizures and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. This article provides a review of the diagnosis and management of neurological complications after cardiac transplantation.
Efficient PHY Layer Abstraction for Fast Simulations in Complex System Environments

Packet-level wireless (802.11ax or 5G) network simulators face escalating system dimensionality resulting from dense deployment scenarios supporting wideband, Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO), Multi-User (MU) transmission. Managing the resulting network simulation complexity and achieving practical runtimes require continuing enhancements to physical (PHY) layer abstractions. This work improves the state-of-the-art PHY layer abstractions via a new computational workflow that maps extensive offline link simulation results for OFDM/OFDMA MIMO/MU-MIMO system performance over frequency-selective fading channels into Packet Error Ratio (PER) for network simulations. The proposed method is shown to require modest additional storage and the runtime is insensitive to the increase in PHY layer dimensionality. We describe the principles of this new method and provide details about its implementation, performance, and validation.
Silencing of Carboxypeptidase E expression inhibits proliferation and invasion of Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. The molecular basis of this disease is complex and not fully understood. Previous studies have indicated that carboxypeptidase E (CPE) plays a role in promoting tumorigenesis in many cancer types. Here we have investigated the effect of carboxypeptidase E (CPE), including its isoform, in regulating the proliferation, migration and invasion of Panc-1 cells, a pancreatic cell line. Methods: Panc-1 cells were transfected with CPE siRNA which targets both CPE-wild type and its isoform, or scrambled siRNA, for 24 h and then assayed for proliferation by the MTT and colony formation assays, and migration and invasion by wound healing and matrigel assays, respectively. Results: CPE siRNA treatment of Panc-1 cells down-regulated the expression of CPE mRNA by 94.8%. Silencing of CPE mRNA expression resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation as revealed by the MTT assay and a 62.8% decrease in colony formation. Western blot analysis of expression of Cyclin D1 in Panc-1 cells treated with CPE siRNA showed a decrease of 32.5% compared to scr siRNA treated cells, indicating that CPE regulates proliferation through modulating this cell cycle protein. Additionally, suppression of CPE expression in Panc-1 cells significantly decreased migration and invasion. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CPE may play an important role in regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion to promote pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
Syndicated Loan Risk: The Effects of Covenants and Collateral

This paper presents a new approach that quantifies how a credit rating agency and investors judge the effects of collateral and various covenants on syndicated loan risk. It addresses firms’ self-selection of these contract terms by analyzing how a loan’s collateral and covenants affect: 1) the difference between the loan’s credit rating and the senior, unsecured credit rating of the borrowing firm; and 2) the difference between the borrowing firm’s senior, unsecured CDS spread and its loan’s credit spread. The results show that the rating agency and investors agree that a collateral requirement, a capital expenditure covenant, and a dividend restriction covenant are most important for reducing a loan’s credit risk. However, equity issuance and excess cashflow sweeps increase a loan’s risk.
Stopping Workplace Bullying

Stopping Workplace Bullying is paramount to ensuring a civilized work environment for all employees. Perpetrators that engage in bullying should face disciplinary actions if they violate the company workforce bullying policy.
Periictal MRI findings of hypervascularity with restricted diffusion contralateral to gaze deviation (P2.242)

Objective: Hemodynamic changes are seen in multiple neurologic phenomena including migraines, seizures and infection. Periictal neuroimaging has become crucial in the diagnosis and understanding of seizures. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) sequences such as diffusion weighted image (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fluid attenuated inversion-recovery (attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) images have proven useful in determining the extent and severity of cortical edema and early neuronal damage associated with epileptiform discharges in seizure foci. Reversible postictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities are a long recognized phenomenon. Although much has been hypothesized about what changes in the human brain may occur during a seizure, it is rare to capture neuroimaging during an acute event. We present a case report of a patient’s seizure that began during a brain MRI study. Upon completion of neuroimaging, the patient was noted to be unresponsive with her eyes deviated to the left. Previous studies have found that eye deviation was associated with contralateral temporal lobe localization in 67% of patients. In our patient, immediate post imaging continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring revealed periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) originating in the right temporal lobe, contralateral to eye deviation. These were consistent with MRI findings of restricted diffusion abnormalities on DWI, ADC and FLAIR sequences in the right hemisphere, most prominently seen in the temporal lobe. It was also notable that the maximum imaging projection (MIP) sequence, used for assessing size and location of vessels, showed significant hypervascularity in the right temporal lobe, which correlated with the location of the patient’s epileptiform discharges. This case of periictal MRI findings with restricted diffusion, local edema and hypervascularity supports the theory that during a seizure there is increased metabolic demand at the cellular level with resulting increased blood flow, which may also lead to reversible vasogenic edema. Background: N/A Design/Methods: N/A Results: N/A Conclusions: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Marshall has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zupanc has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline, UCB Pharma, Valeant, Medpointe, OrthoMcNeil, and Ovation Pharmaceutical. Dr. Zupanc has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline, UCB Pharma, OrthoMcNeil, and Ovation Pharmaceutical.
The effects of cash-holding motivation on cash management dynamics

Abstract The two main motivations for having precautionary cash holdings are to cover potential operating losses and to fund investments. A firm’s cash-holding levels may appear to be similar under these two motivations; however, a firm’s cash-management dynamics can vary significantly depending on which of the two motivations is dominant. In this study, we investigate cash-adjustment speed when the actual cash levels deviate from the target cash levels. We confirm that, in general, cash-adjustment speed is faster when actual cash levels are above the target than when they are below the target; however, we also find that this speed asymmetry is more significant for firms with high operating-loss-driven (OLD) holdings than for firms with investment-driven (ID) holdings. In addition, we find that firms with high ID holdings adjust cash faster than firms with low ID holdings, regardless of cash-adjustment direction. These differences in speed imply that firms’ use of external capital can play a major role in their cash adjustment. High OLD firms are less likely than low OLD firms to use external capital to adjust cash levels up. This pattern stands in stark contrast to the pattern characterizing firms with different ID holdings, as high ID firms are more likely than low ID firms to use external capital, especially equity, to adjust cash levels up. We propose, therefore, that cash-holding motivation affects cash-management dynamics.
Thermomechanical properties and frictional contact behavior of oxygen doped DLC film through molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Using the MD simulation techniques, we investigated the effects of doped oxygen atoms on the thermomechanical properties and tribological performance of diamond like carbon (DLC). The atomic percentage of oxygen (at.% O) in DLC was varied from 0 to 20.0%. The mechanical stiffness of oxidized DLC samples was evaluated using the nanoindentation simulation, while the coefficient of friction (COF) and the frictional temperature rise were obtained from the sliding contact simulation. From the simulation results, it could be found that the mechanical stiffness and the COF decreased with the at.% O in DLC. The lower COF for the oxidized DLC could be explained by the less covalent interactions with the diamond tip surface. Due to the lower stiffness, the oxidized DLC showed larger surface displacement and wear during the sliding contact. Also, the frictional temperature rise was evaluated with respect to the at.% O in DLC. The higher at.% O in DLC, the lower surface temperature rise. This could be attributed to the lower frictional heat flux and the higher specific heat of the oxidized DLC samples.
Follow-Up Blood Cultures in Young Infants With Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Researchers in previous studies suggest that the clinical yield of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) is low in infants with bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI) because persistent bacteremia is rare; however, no researchers have analyzed the practice of routinely obtaining FUBCs. In our study, we evaluate outcomes in infants with FUBCs, examine opportunities for improvement of blood culture practices, and add important information to inform both clinical practice as well as further study. DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included infants <90 days of age with bacteremia and UTI with the same pathogen at 22 hospitals that make up Intermountain Healthcare between 2002 to 2020. Infants with culture proven meningitis, osteomyelitis, central line infection, and infections occurring during NICU hospitalization were excluded. RESULTS Total number of patients with bacteremic UTI was 174, 153 (88%) patients had at least 1 FUBC, 14 of 153 (9%) had a positive FUBC with same organism, and 4 of 153 (3%) were contaminants. The length of stay was longer for patients with positive FUBCs. Patients with Escherichia coli are more likely to have a negative FUBC. Readmissions within 30 days were similar among infants with positive FUBCs, negative FUBCs, and no FUBCs. CONCLUSIONS FUBCs in infants with bacteremic UTI should not be routinely performed, especially for E coli, and it is unclear whether FUBCs improve outcomes.
Threonine 68 is required for radiation-induced phosphorylation and activation of Cds1.

In response to DNA damage, eukaryotic cells use a system of checkpoint controls to delay cell-cycle progression. Checkpoint delays provide time for repair of damaged DNA before its replication in S phase and before segregation of chromatids in M phase1. The Cds1 (Chk2) tumour-suppressor protein2 has been implicated in certain checkpoint responses in mammalian cells. It directly phosphorylates and inactivates the mitosis-inducing phosphatase Cdc25 in vitro and is required to maintain the G2 arrest that is observed in response to γ-irradiation3,4,5. Cds1 also directly phosphorylates p53 in vitro at a site that is implicated in its stabilization, and is required for stabilization of p53 and induction of p53-dependent transcripts in vivo upon γ-ionizing radiation5,6,7. Thus, Cds1 functions in both the G1 and G2 checkpoint responses. Like Cds1, the checkpoint protein kinase ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated) is required for correct operation of both the G1 and G2 damage checkpoints. ATM is necessary for phosphorylation and activation of Cds1 in vivo4 and can phosphorylate Cds1 in vitro8, although evidence that the sites that are phosphorylated by ATM are required for activation is lacking. Here we show that threonine 68 of Cds1 is the preferred site of phosphorylation by ATM in vitro, and is the principal irradiation-induced site of phosphorylation in vivo. The importance of this phosphorylation site is demonstrated by the failure of a mutant, non-phosphorylatable form of Cds1 to be fully activated, and by its reduced ability to induce G1 arrest in response to ionising radiation.
Nursery outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiological conclusions from five different typing methods.

Abstract In April 1971, nine cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia occurred in a high-risk nursery. The epidemiology of the outbreak was studied by pyocin production, pyocin sensitivity, serological typing, antibiotic susceptibility, and phenotypic properties such as colonial morphology, pigment, and hemolysis. Ten isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from 9 newborn infants and from 13 environmental sources. Twenty-one of the 23 isolates had identical pyocin production patterns against 60 different indicator strains and were of the same serotype. These 21 isolates were designated as the „outbreak strain”; the other 2 isolates had no epidemiological significance. The results of pyocin sensitivity, antibiotic susceptibility tests, and phenotypic properties were dissimilar. They would yield incorrect epidemiological conclusions if used alone. The outbreak strain dissociated in vitro and these phenotypic changes accounted for the variable results by the latter three typing methods. Although the precise mode of introduction of the organism into the nursery could not be determined in retrospect, the epidemiological data strongly suggested that one infant contracted a P. aeruginosa infection, and this strain spread throughout the nursery by means of contaminated resuscitation equipment.
Isolation of Synaptic Vesicles

Synaptic vesicles are the most abundant secretory organelle in eukaryotic neural cells. Synaptic vesicles are physically distinct from other membrane-bound organelles because they are small, spherical, and highly uniform in size with a diameter of about 40 nm. Synaptic vesicles also have a characteristically low density because water and phospholipids account for 88% of an individual synaptic vesicle's weight. The homogeneous size and density of the synaptic vesicle are characteristics that are exploited in most synaptic vesicle isolation procedures. Synaptic vesicles are purified by isopycnic/velocity sedimentation and size-based purification schemes. However, protocols differ in the tissue source of vesicles, the way the tissue is homogenized, and the way the vesicles are fractionated. This unit describes two well-characterized and widely used synaptic vesicle isolation procedures that are capable of generating membrane fractions that are 20 to 30 times enriched in synaptic vesicles.
An alternative proof of convergence for Kung-Diamantaras APEX algorithm

The problem of adaptive principal components extraction (APEX) has gained much interest. In 1990, a new neuro-computation algorithm for this purpose was proposed by S. Y. Kung and K. I. Diamautaras. (see ICASSP 90, p.861-4, vol.2, 1990). An alternative proof is presented to illustrate that the K-D algorithm is in fact richer than has been proved before. The proof shows that the neural network will converge and the principal components can be extracted, without assuming that some of projections of synaptic weight vectors have diminished to zero. In addition, the authors show that the K-D algorithm converges exponentially. >
Effect of Turn-Around Times on the Performance of High Speed Ad-hoc MAC Protocols

Many random access protocols have been proposed for ad-hoc networks and they are based on collision avoidance principles and are designed for low data rates (≤ 2Mbps). A key element in the design of high speed MAC protocols is the ability to send feedback from the destination to the source about the state of current transmission. We present an analysis to show that when hardware constraints like transceiver turn-around times are involved, multiplexing the feedback using a different frequency channel is a better design choice. We validate this analysis by comparing the performance of three current ad-hoc MAC protocols as the data rates are increased using a power law model for the variation of the turn-around time. We show that at high data rates, the busy tone protocols will be much more efficient than the collision avoidance protocols. Further, the results show that unless the turnaround times scale in proportion to data rate the performance of CSMA/CA protocols will be worse than slotted-ALOHA
On the heterogeneity of stratified‐shear turbulence: Observations from a near‐field river plume

[1] The heterogeneity of turbulent structure in a near-field river plume is evaluated through the application of three distinct measurement techniques: turbulent overturn analysis, direct turbulence measurement using microstructure sensors mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and a larger scale control volume approach. These techniques exploit the preturbulent potential energy available for conversion to turbulent energy, the kinetic energy associated with active turbulence, and the artifacts of turbulence demonstrated through a modified density structure, respectively. Comparisons between these methods indicate that all three techniques can provide robust estimates of mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates. Results suggest a highly heterogeneous turbulent field, with significant overturns occupying a volume fraction of less than 10%, and active turbulence occupying a volume fraction only 2–3 times larger. The combined data sets are also used to estimate expected means and confidence limits for overturn-derived dissipation rates associated with varying sample sizes.
A Case for Specification Validation

As we are moving from a traditional software development process to a new development paradigm where the process it largely driven by tools and automation, new challenges for verification and validation (V&V) emerge. Productivity improvements will in this new paradigm be achieved through reduced emphasis on testing of implementations, increased reliance on automated analysis tools applied in the specification domain, verifiability correct generation of source-code, and verifiably correct compilation. The V&V effort will now be largely focused on assuring that the formal specificationsare correct and that the toolsare trustworthy so we can rely on the results of the analysis and code generation without extensive additional testing of the resulting implementation. Most effort has traditionally been devoted to the verification problem. In this position paper we point out the importance of validation and argue that if we fail to adequately address the validation problem problem the impact of verifying code generation and compilation will be limited.
Abortion, competing entitlements, and parental responsibility

Don Marquis offered the most famous philosophical argument against abortion. His argument contained a novel defence of the idea that foetuses have the same moral status as ordinary adults. The first half of this paper contends that even if Marquis has shown that foetuses have this status, he has not proven that abortion is therefore wrong. Instead his argument falls victim to problems similar to those raised by Judith Thomson, problems that have plagued most anti-abortion arguments since. Once Marquis's anti-abortion argument is shown to fail, this raises the question of whether there is some way to circumvent the problems. The second half of the paper argues that this issue hinges on important questions about responsibility for risky behaviour and the duties of parenthood. Because we have yet to develop appropriate theoretical frameworks for judging such questions, we cannot yet know whether Marquis's anti-abortion argument — and indeed most other anti-abortion arguments — can be completed.
Effects of Two Simulated Semen Culling Programs on Predicted Fertility in an Artificially Inseminated Cow Population

Abstract Two semen culling programs designed to improve fertility of semen used in an artificial insemination program were compared. First inseminations and return service data on cows inseminated with semen from 21 Holstein bulls during 1 yr were studied. The culling of less fertile ejaculates within bulls, based on any available semen quality test or combination of tests, would bring about less than a 1% increase in nonreturn rate if 40 to 50% of ejaculates were culled. If all semen from the 19% low fertility bulls were culled, this would entail culling 22% of the semen used to inseminate the population and would achieve an improvement of 1% in overall fertility. This could be done with no loss in predicted difference for milk yield of bulls used. Culling of bulls is a functionally simpler and less expensive program than is testing and culling ejaculates within bulls, but this requires that fertility of bulls be known and that it will not change substantially from predicted.
The Role of Internal and External Sources of Evaluation in Motivating Task Performance

White, Kjelgaard, and Harkins (1995) found that participants asked to strive to achieve a stringent criterion outperformed participants asked to do their best (a goal-setting effect). However, the goal-setting effect occurred only when participants were subject to experimenter evaluation. Participants not subject to experimenter evaluation performed no better than experimenter evaluation participants who were asked to do their best. In the current research, Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that this do-your-best level of performance results from the no-experimenter evaluation participants use of the stringent criterion as a yardstick against which they can compare their performance. Although these experiments show that the potential for self-evaluation can motivate performance, Experiment 3 shows that self-evaluation does not contribute to the goal-setting effect; the potential for experimenter evaluation alone is responsible for this effect. Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of the inte...
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in rats

Abstract Oral administration of N-acetylcysteine (163 mg/kg at zero time and 82 mg/kg 30 minutes later) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats given an intravenous injection of acetaminophen, 150 mg/kg at zero time, increased the formation of acetaminophen sulfate and thereby enhanced the elimination of acetaminophen. Apparently, N-acetylcysteine is an in vivo source of inorganic sulfate since availability of the latter is rate-limiting in the formation of acetaminophen sulfate. Increased metabolic conversion of acetaminophen to its sulfate conjugate results in decreased formation of other metabolites of acetaminophen, presumably including the reactive metabolite responsible for the hepatotoxic effect of the drug. This may account, at least in part, for the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
Intraarticular Analgesia Versus Epidural Plus Femoral Nerve Block After TKA: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial

Background Pain management after TKA remains challenging and the efficacy of continuously infused intraarticular anesthetics remains a controversial topic.
Performance of a multiresolution classifier using enhanced-resolution SAR data

MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a complete, end-to-end, automatic target detection/recognition system for synthetic aperture radar data. The system uses resolution enhancement (super-resolution) techniques to improve the performance of the automatic target recognition stage. This paper presents a new multi-resolution classification scheme that greatly improves the computational efficiency of the classifier with only a slight loss in classification performance.
A recursive-partitioning model for blood–brain barrier permeation

A series of bagged recursive partitioning models for log(BB) is presented. Using a LGO-CV, three sets of physical property descriptors are evaluated and found to have Q2 values of 0.51 (CPSA), 0.53 (Ro5x) and 0.53 (MOE). Extrapolating these models to Pfizer chemical space is difficult due to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated efflux. Low correlation coefficients for this test set are improved (R2 = 0.39) when compounds known to be P-gp substrates or statistical extrapolations are removed. The use of simple linear models for specific chemical series is also found to improve the correlation over a limited chemical space.
Influence of Mainstream Turbulence on Heat Transfer Coefficients From a Gas Turbine Blade

The influence of mainstream turbulence on surface heat transfer coefficients of a gas turbine blade was studied. A five-blade linear cascade in a low-speed wind tunnel facility was used in the experiments. The mainstream Reynolds numbers were 100,000, 200,000, and 300,000 based on the cascade inlet velocity and blade chord length. The grid-generated turbulence intensities at the cascade inlet were varied between 2.8 and 17 percent. A hot-wire anemometer system measured turbulence intensities, mean and time-dependent velocities at the cascade inlet, outlet, and several locations in the middle of the flow passage
First-principles theory of 250 000-atom coherent alloy microstructure

Microstructural issues in alloys such as precipitation have largely been outside the realm of first-principles electronic structure calculations due to the length scales involved in precipitation microstructure (typically nanometres to micrometres) and the inherent thermodynamic/statistical nature of the problem. Here, we show that modern, first-principles total energy calculations can be combined with a mixed-space cluster expansion approach (a generalized real/reciprocal space Ising model) and Monte Carlo simulations to yield a method capable of describing equilibrium coherent precipitate shapes in alloys with system sizes up to 250 000 atoms. Both the (anisotropic) interfacial free energies and the coherency strain between precipitate and matrix are accounted for in this method as well as the short-range atomic-scale ordering of the solid solution. Illustrations of the technique are given for several famous examples of coherent precipitation in aluminium alloys: Al-Mg, Al-Cu and Al-Ni.
Ideality of pressure‐sensitive paint. I. Platinum tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine in fluoroacrylic polymer

The pressure sensitive paint (PSP) properties of a fluoroacrylic polymer, FIB, with the luminophor platinum tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) are presented. This paint forms a hard coating that displays Stern–Volmer plots with a high dynamic range (∼ 0.9) [defined as (Ivac − Iatm)/Ivac], good photostability, a response time of less than 1 s and a relatively low temperature dependence (∼ 0.6% per degree). The temperature dependence is low because FIB has a unusually low activation energy for the diffusion of oxygen. Pressure and temperature affect intensity independently making this PSP “ideal.” The basecoat affects the functionality of the PSP it underlies, and the optimal basecoat used to date also includes the FIB polymer. The synthesis of the FIB polymer is a copolymerization that occurs in one step with a peroxide initiator. Annealing the painted model above Tg = 70°C procures adhesion and ideality. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2795–2804, 2000
A Mostly-Digital Variable-Rate Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator ADC

This paper presents a reconfigurable continuous-time delta-sigma modulator for analog-to-digital conversion that consists mostly of digital circuitry. It is a voltage-controlled ring oscillator based design with new digital background calibration and self-cancelling dither techniques applied to enhance performance. Unlike conventional delta-sigma modulators, it does not contain analog integrators, feedback DACs, comparators, or reference voltages, and does not require a low-jitter clock. Therefore, it uses less area than comparable conventional delta-sigma modulators, and the architecture is well-suited to IC processes optimized for fast digital circuitry. The prototype IC is implemented in 65 nm LP CMOS technology with power dissipation, output sample-rate, bandwidth, and peak SNDR ranges of 8-17 mW, 0.5-1.15 GHz, 3.9-18 MHz, and 67-78 dB, respectively, and an active area of 0.07.
Atom probe analysis of grain boundaries in rapidly-solidified Ni3Al☆

Abstract The distribution of boron in a rapidly solidified Ni-24 at.% Al alloy containing 0.24 at.% B was investigated by atom probe field-ion microscopy. Boron was found to segregate to both APBs and grain boundaries. Field-ion micrographs revealed that some of the APBs and most of the grain boundaries were decorated with bright spots identified by single atom analysis as boron atoms. A 0.4–1.2 nm thick boron-enriched phase was observed on most of the grain boundaries. The distribution of this phase was not uniform either along a boundary or from boundary to boundary. The degree of long-range order as measured by the atom probe was greater than 0.97. This state of order continued to the interface between the matrix and grain boundary phase.
A20 promotes liver regeneration by decreasing SOCS3 expression to enhance IL-6/STAT3 proliferative signals†

Liver regeneration is of major clinical importance in the setting of liver injury, resection, and transplantation. A20, a potent anti-inflammatory and NF-κB inhibitory protein, has established pro-proliferative properties in hepatocytes, in part through decreasing expression of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p21. Both C-terminal (7-Zinc fingers; 7Zn) and N-terminal (Nter) domains of A20 were required to decrease p21 and inhibit NF-κB. However, both independently increased hepatocyte proliferation, suggesting that additional mechanisms contributed to the pro-proliferative function of A20 in hepatocytes. We ascribed one of A20’s pro-proliferative mechanisms to increased and sustained IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation, as a result of decreased hepatocyte expression of the negative regulator of IL-6 signaling, SOCS3. This novel A20 function segregates with its 7Zn not Nter domain. Conversely, total and partial loss of A20 in hepatocytes increased SOCS3 expression, hampering IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Following liver resection in mice pro-proliferative targets downstream of IL-6/STAT3 signaling were increased by A20 overexpression and decreased by A20 knockdown. In contrast, IL-6/STAT3 pro-inflammatory targets were increased in A20 deficient livers, and decreased or unchanged in A20 overexpressing livers. Upstream of SOCS3, levels of its microRNA regulator miR203 were significantly decreased in A20-deficient livers. Altogether these results demonstrate that A20 enhances IL-6/STAT3 pro-proliferative signals in hepatocytes by down-regulating SOCS3, likely through a miR203-dependent manner. This finding together with A20 reducing the levels of the potent cell cycle brake p21 establishes its pro-proliferative properties in hepatocytes and prompts the pursuit of A20-based therapies to promote liver regeneration and repair.
Efficient parallel convex hull algorithms

Parallel algorithms are presented to identify (i.e. detect and enumerate) the extreme points of the convex hull of a set of planar points using a hypercube, pyramid, tree, mesh-of-trees, mesh with reconfigurable bus, exclusive-read-exclusive-write parallel random-access machine (EREW PRAM), and modified AKS network. It is shown that the problem of identifying the convex hull for a set of planar points given arbitrarily, cannot be solved faster than sorting. >
Bi-polar mothering: case description, mother-infant interaction, and theoretical implications.

A mother with a bi-polar affective disorder has been described. Observations of her typical non-contingent interactions with her one month old infant were presented and the infant's experience surmised. It was theorized that consistent, long-term, non-contingent interaction with the child over the formative years, results in endogenous depression. The theme is “life is no good because I, myself am worthless”.
ASYMMETRIC DIVISION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERY: ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE BANDING PROCEDURE.

Asymmetric division of the pulmonary artery is reported in two cases. The right pulmonary artery arose immediately above the right cusp of the pulmonary valve, from a dilated trunk, which, although mistaken for main pulmonary artery, actually represented the proximal portion of the left pulmonary artery. A large interventricular septal defect, biventricular hypertrophy, and aortic hypoplasia complete the syndrome. In one case the malformation was not recognized at the time of a banding procedure. The infant died, and the unprotected lung showed marked congestion at autopsy. The nature of the pulmonary artery division may be such that an effective single band is technically impossible. Our case 1 suggests that unilateral banding in such an instance could be fatal if not immediately recognized and revised. Bilateral simultaneous banding would appear to be the palliative procedure of choice.
POSITIVE-PION CROSS SECTIONS ON COMPLEX NUCLEI

Absorption and diffraction cross sections were measured for positive pions at a kinetic energy of 442 Mev. The target elements used were C, Al, Cu, and Cd. The absorption and diffraction cross sections were determined by fitting the experimental data (taken at six angles) to the shape given by the optical-model theory. The nuclear radius and the falloff parameter were taken to be approximately those determined from nuclear charge distribution measurements. The experimental data are compared with the results of the opticalmodel theory. Experimental values for the imaginary part of the potential ${V}_{I}$ are in agreement with the theoretical value. However, the experimental values for the real potential ${V}_{R}$ increase with increasing atomic number, becoming far larger than the theoretical value.
Parent Apathy: Problem or Symptom

(1977). Parent Apathy: Problem or Symptom. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 93-94.
Assessment of blood supply in superficial tissue by polarization-gated elastic light-scattering spectroscopy

We report the feasibility of monitoring both hemoglobin oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration in the superficial layer of tissue using polarization-gated elastic light-scattering spectroscopy. We detail our analysis technique, the experimental validation of our analysis, and the detection of an early increase in blood supply to the superficial layer of colon tissue in human patients with colonic adenomas as well as in an animal model of colon carcinogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first evidence that polarization gating can be used as a spectroscopic tool to quantify hemoglobin concentration as well as oxygen saturation in the uppermost tissue layer.
Effects of Malathion Bait Spray on Aleyrodes spiraeoides (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Its Parasitoids in Northern California

During an infestation of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in northern California, malathion-Staley's bait was sprayed as an eradicant. As a part of a study on the effect of this spray on nontarget organisms, Aleyrodes spiraeoides Quaintance and two of its chalcidoid parasitoids, Euderomphale flavimedia (Howard) and Encarsia peltata (Cockerell), were chosen as index species. Simulated aerial bait sprays were used to test effects of the spray on foliage on the longevity, production of progeny, and presence on foliage of test insects. The sedentary feeding behavior and preference for the undersides of leaves protected the whitefly from severe intoxication. The more active parasitoids were highly susceptible. Despite similar adult susceptibility, Encarsia was significantly more successful than Euderomphale in parasitizing whiteflies. Bait-sprayed foliage was relatively free of adult parasitoids; test results suggested some degree of active avoidance or enhanced dispersal by the wasps in addition to mortality because of bait. No significant increase or decrease in numbers of Aleyrodes was observed over the short term despite significant reductions in activities of its parasitoids.