cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women, Weight Dissatisfaction and Subclinical Eating Disorder Attitudes and Behaviors

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction and sub clinical eating disorder attitudes and behaviors in both normal and overweight glucose intolerant non diabetic women. Sixty one glucose-intolerant women, age 45±10 years (mean ±SD) confirmed with a 4 hour glucose tolerance test were referred to a registered dietitian between May and December 1997. A questionnaire assessed the prevalence of sub clinical eating disorder attitudes and behaviors by the presence of self-reported 1) weight dissatisfaction, 2) chronic dieting mind-set 3) binge or uncontrolled eating and 4) feelings of guilt or depression after a binge. Weight status was determined by body mass index (BMI) classification: normal weight=BMI 20-25 (n=36) and overweight=BMI >25 (n=25). Although 93% perceived themselves as overweight, only 51% (n =31) were actually over weight. In the normal weight sub-group 87% perceived themselves as overweight versus 100% in the overweight sub-group (p= NS). Overall, 40% self-reported being chronic dieters. Prevalence of a chronic dieting mind-set was similar in both normal weight vs over weight sub-groups (41% versus 40%). Binge eating prevalence was 47% in the entire group. Results were similar in both normal weight vs overweight sub-groups [52% vs 43% (p= NS )]. Feelings of guilt and/or depression were experienced by 29% after a binge or an uncontrolled eating episode. The normal weight reported feelings of guilt and depression in 22% vs 33% (p= NS) in the over weight sub-group. Both overweight and normal weight glucose intolerant women experience sub clinical eating disorder attitudes and behaviors in conjunction with body weight dissatisfaction. This study supports the need for nutritional and psychological intervention to prevent eating disorders in this population.
A case report of the use of combined doca andascorbic acid in a 12-year-old child with rheumatoid arthritis

Summary A child with rheumatic arthritis was treated with Doca and ascorbic acid.It might be well to mention that this treatment in adults has been the subject of controversy, 4, 5, 6 Objective measurements which were recorded indicate that there was improvement in this case, which was maintained with only slight regression. We are aware of the fact that definite conclusions cannot be drawn on the results obtained with this type of treatment in one case but our results are encouraging. It is hoped that this case report will stimulate further interest in investigation of this type of therapy in order that it may be more fully evaluated. Speculation arises as to whether the effects were due to the combined Doca and ascorbic acid, or to the ascorbic acid therapy alone. 7
Effect of polymer composition on performance properties of maleate-vinyl ether donor-acceptor UV-curable systems

The effect of unsaturated polyester backbone composition on the properties of donor-acceptor-UV-cured coatings was explored. The polyesters were designed with similar molecular weights and levels of unsaturation, but with otherwise widely varying backbone compositions. UV-curable coatings were formulated with stoichiometric levels of triethylenglycol divinyl ether and a photoinitiator. The resulting coatings had a broad range of properties, which were found to correlate with the properties and compositions of the polyester backbone polymers. A relatively flexible backbone resulted in lower glass transition temperatures (Tg). The polymer Tg was found to influence the conversion of double bonds achieved during UV curing. Reaction kinetics were evaluated for the coating systems and the results confirmed that the Tg of the systems influenced the double bond conversion. Thermal stability and Konig pendulum hardness were also found to vary with the backbone composition of the constituent polyester.
Expenditure and deficit policy: An analysis of the William E. Simon's rules

In a speech before the Mont Pelerin Society, William E. Simon recommended that the U.S. government adopt five rules to achieve stability and economic growth. Two of these rules deal with the budget posture. The rules were based upon Simon's belief that excessive government spending and recurring federal budget deficits significantly contributed to the economic instabilities of the 1970s and 1980s, namely, high inflation, high unemployment, and decreasing rates of production and private capital accumulation. This paper seeks to explore the extent to which fiscal action in these two decades had departed from Simon's recommendations and presents evidence on the link between federal budget deficits and economic growth. “The proposals to limit spending and balance the budget are sometimes discussed as alternatives, but in my mind, they are not.” William E. Simon. Speech before the Mont Pelerin Society. Hoover Institution, 1980, p. 30.
Transmitter substances in insects: A review

Abstract 1. 1. The most probable insect CNS excitatory transmitter in ACh. GABA is probably an inhibitory CNS transmitter. 2. 2. Other possible central transmitters in insects include dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 5-HT. 3. 3. Glutamate is almost certainly the excitatory neuromuscular transmitter at somatic muscle. It may also be involved at some nerve-visceral muscle junctions. GABA appears to be the inhibitory transmitter at somatic muscle. 4. 4. Biogenic amines may be involved in neurohormonally mediated cardio-acceleration and neural excitation in the firefly light organ. 5. 5. Peptide neurohormones may mediate actions in several tissues including heart, gut, and nerve-cord.
Performance evaluation of heat-stressed commercial broilers provided water-cooled floor perches.

Abstract A study was conducted to determine whether water-cooled floor perches would be utilized by commercial broilers exposed to a constant hot ambient environment; and subsequently, whether utilization of these perches would improve performance beyond those provided uncooled floor perches. A total of 330 day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allocated to six pens (2.44 m2) in an environmentally controlled facility and maintained in a thermoneutral brooding environment for 16 days. Following this period, 240 birds were selected on a body weight basis and randomly assigned to the six pens. A perch constructed from steel pipe (2.44 m length, 5.0 cm diameter) was then placed diagonally on the litter covered floor of each pen. The birds were first exposed to a thermoneutral period (27.7 C), during which time cooling of the perches in three replicate pens was initiated by circulating tap water. The other three experimental pens received ambient perches. Ambient temperature was then raised to 32.6 C for the following 4 wk. The results of the present study showed that utilization of water-cooled perches by broilers was greater (P≤.01) than ambient perch utilization throughout the 32.6 C period. Average daily gain was greatest (P≤.01) for broilers exposed to cool perches. Additionally, they consume more feed (P≤.05), on a daily basis, than those given ambient perches during the heat-stress period. Broilers exposed to water-cooled perches also had a more efficient gain to feed ratio (P≤.01). At the completion of the study, final body weight and total body weight gain were greater (P≤.05) for broilers given water-cooled perches compared with those exposed to ambient perches. Total amount of feed consumed and total feed efficiency were only moderately affected (P≤.10) by perch treatments. These results indicated that water-cooled perches were beneficial in improving broiler performance during periods of high environmental temperatures.
A custom wide-field spectral imager for breast cancer margin assessment

A custom imaging array optimized for wide-field diffuse reflectance spectroscopy imaging for breast cancer margin diagnosis has been designed and implemented, with improvements over a previously reported system.
PRAGMATISM AND GRIEVING: INCORPORATING MEAD AND DEWEY TO UNDERSTAND THE GRIEVING OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

Although the philosophy of pragmatism influenced American sociology, specifically that of symbolic interactionism, its use as a tool for explanation of everyday life has been underutilized throughout sociology. In this article, pragmatism, specifically the ideas of George Herbert Mead and John Dewey provide a framework for the understanding of grieving, specifically as it relates to people with mental retardation. Both Mead and Dewey's use and inclusion of physics into their philosophies proved paramount in their assertions regarding Cartesian or ontological dualism. They then demonstrated through the inclusion of quantum physics how to avoid positivism, thereby creating the necessary link of science with human perception and human action. Mead's use of the Theory of Relativity, as well as Sociality; and Dewey's incorporation of the Uncertainty Principle, and addressing the sum of possibilities, provides a context where the grieving process of people with mental retardation will be much more pronounced. P...
The significance of dynamic response in the estimation of fatigue life

The fatigue life of offshore structures is investigated under the conditions that dynamic response to waves is assumed to play a significant role. Under these conditions, the study emphasizes the significance of the placement of natural frequencies and the amount of modal damping. The results may be used to assess the confidence bounds on fatigue life estimates that result from uncertainties in design stage estimates of structural natural frequencies, and damping.
Metastatic melanoma of unknown primary

A retrospective study of 166 patients with metastatic melanoma of unknown primary was performed. These were selected from 3805 cases of melanoma in Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1949 through 1975 (an incidence of 4.4%). There were 109 male and 57 female patients, 75 with Stage II disease and 91 with Stage III. The site of predominant involvement in Stage II patients was the axilla (47%). Five- and ten year survival rates of Stage II patients were 46% and 41%, respectively. The only factor that was shown to influence their survival was the delay (three months or more) of radical lymphadenectomy after initial histologic diagnosis. As expected, the prognosis of Stage III patients was very poor. Our study showed that patients with metastatic melanoma of unknown primary followed a similar clinical course as the Stages II and III patients with overt primary lesion. Stage II patients could expect a reasonable survival, the treatment of choice being prompt radical regional lymphadenectomy.
The rapid prototyping technologies

This paper reviews the various technologies available for rapid prototyping including stereolithography, selective laser sintering, laminated object manufacturing, fused deposition modelling, multi‐jet modelling, three‐dimensional printing. It also covers surface roughness considerations and mechanical properties including dimensional accuracy and compares costs of various systems and general trends in equipment performance.
SU‐E‐J‐54: The Characterization of a 3D Real‐Time Surface System with a Single High‐Definition (HD) Camera

Purpose: To investigate a single high‐definition (HD) camera of 3D realtime surface system (AlignRT_1HD, VisionRT, Inc.) as the potential alternative to the standard configuration of the system with three charge‐coupled device (CCD) cameras (AlignRT_3C) and to evaluate the localization accuracy of AlignRT_1HD compared to AlignRT_3C. Methods: Both AlignRT_3C and AlignRT_1HD were installed in the same treatment room with Varian LINAC. A commercial daily QA phantom (DailyQA3TM, Sun Nuclear) and 5 IMRT patients with intracranial and head and neck tumors receiving non‐coplanar treatment were used to evaluate system characteristics and position‐tracking accuracies of AlignRT_1HD through comparison with the AlignRT_3C and kV‐CBCTs. Surface‐image data sets were acquired simultaneously by both systems for the evaluation of inter‐and intra‐fractional motion at daily treatment of each patient. Results: The system origin displacements agreed to within 0.5 mm/0.5°. Compared to the CBCTs without couch rotations, the mean registration errors obtained using AlignRT_1HD were approximately 0.4 mm/0.8° (for phantom displacements up to ± 3cm in 3 axes), 1.1 mm/0.8° (for inter_frational motion in patients), and 0.3 mm/0.4° (for intra_frational motionin patients) less than those obtained using the AlignRT_3C. For non‐coplanar treatments, without the surface images acquired by two side camera pods using AlignRT_1HD in this study, the accuracy of patient setup was only guaranteed up to ±10° couch angles. The average setup time using AlignRT_1HD was reduced by approximately 1 min per session. Conclusion: As judged by CBCTs, AlignRT_1HD is capable of increasing in positioning accuracy and setup efficiency for high precision treatment, with the enhancements in image resolution, frame rate and field of view using HD cameras. The standard configuration with 3‐camera‐pods of AlignRT_3HD was essential for non‐coplanar treatment and the localization accuracy with couch angle up to 90° needs to be further quantified.
Synthesis and characterization of [Ru(NO)(bpp)Cl · 2H2O] [bpp = N,N′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,3-propane dianion] and [Ru(NO)(bpe)Cl · 2H2O] [bpe = N,N′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-ethane dianion]

Abstract Two ruthenium nitrosyl bis-pyridyl/biscarboxamido compounds, [Ru(NO)(bpp)Cl · 2H 2 O] [bpp = N , N ′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,3-propane dianion] and [Ru(NO)(bpe)Cl · 2H 2 O] [bpe = N , N ′-(bis-2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-ethane dianion] have been characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C{ 1 H} NMR, and IR spectroscopies, electrospray ionizaton mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography.
Burrowing Mayfly Nymphs in Western Lake Erie, 1942–1944

Abstract These data, collected during 1942–1944 by Dr. David C. Chandler, describe the density, biomass, and growth of a now extinct population of burrowing mayfly nymphs (primarily Hexagenia limbata ) that lived in the sediments of western Lake Erie near South Bass Island. The growth dynamics of this population have not previously been documented. Female nymphs grew faster than males and were about 4 mm longer than males at emergence each year. Significantly fewer nymphs were collected in 1943 than in 1942 or 1944. Before they were extinguished by low dissolved oxygen in 1953, mayfly nymphs were abundant (about 350 weighing 10 wet g m −2 ) near this island and throughout most of western Lake Erie. The western basin once supported a biomass of 9.6 t · km −2 or at least 17,600 metric tonnes of mayfly nymphs. If burrowing mayflies recolonize the sediments of western Lake Erie, these data could be used to assess the extent of their recovery.
Electron beam induced small particle transformations : temperature

Real time high resolution microscopy of Au, Ag and Pb particles on C and SiO substrates was performed to determine the role of the electron beam on the morphology transformations. The data conclusively rule out high temperature excursions in the small particles due to the beam.
Measurement schedule effects upon isometric endurance

A group of twenty male subjects were given 20 isometric wrist flexion trials on each limb. Two weeks later the measurement schedule was repeated on the left wrist (N = 10) and the right wrist (N = 10). Each trial was a five-second maximum exertion followed by a 30-second rest period. Compared to the first test session, the retest session two weeks later showed an improvement in absolute strength of 8.7 and 6.0 percent for right and left wrists respectively. A mean improvement in strength over all trials of 14.1 and 11.9 percent resulted for right and left wrists respectively as well.
DuP 753, a nonpeptide angiotensin II-1 receptor antagonist, alters dopaminergic function in rat striatum

The purpose of this study was to determine if the nonpeptide angiotensin II-1 receptor antagonist DuP 753 after, acute or chronic administration in vivo or after in vitro exposure, altered indices of dopaminergic function in rat striatum. In vivo studies examined the effect of acute and chronic 21-day administration of DuP 753 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) on levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). To determine if chronic treatment with DuP 753 was able to inhibit the pressor response to angiotensin II, a single i.v. dose of angiotensin II (0.1 μg/kg) was administered 18 hours after the last dose of DuP 753. Acute DuP 753 resulted in significantly decreased (14%) levels of DA. Chronic DuP 753 resulted in increased (1.64 fold) levels of DOPAC, although DA levels were not altered. The single i.v. administration of angiotensin II resulted in increased (88%) DOPAC levels regardless of chronic DuP 753.
In search of pure unidirectional determinants

In analyzing self-regulation through conditional self-incentives, proponents of one-sided determinism selectively regress self-influences to prior situational control but tend to ignore the personal determinants of environmental events. A diverse body of evidence is reviewed showing that changes commonly attributed to external reinforcement often involve a variety of interacting factors operating via self-processes. In attempts to vitiate the causal contribution of proximal self-influence to action, radical behaviorists conceptualize human actions as orchestrated by a continuous chain of external stimuli that carry the behavior to its eventual reinforcer. In the social learning analysis, anticipated eventual benefits create purpose for long-term pursuits, but it is the proximal self-influences that provide incentives and performance guides along the way. Conceptual and methodological limitations of recent studies designed to show that proximal self-incentives operate as proxy cues rather than as self-motivators are discussed.
The Influence of Several Drugs Upon the Acute Toxicity of Gold Sodium Thiosulfate

The influence of nine compounds upon the acute toxicity of gold sodium thiosulfate in rats and mice is reported. Of the substances investigated, vitamin B complex has been found to be the most effective antidote. Listed in the order of their effectiveness, the following drugs also significantly lowered acute toxicity: for rats–adrenal cortex extract, inositol, caffeine and sodium benzoate, and mercurophylline; for mice–theobromine and sodium acetate, adrenal cortex extract, caffeine and sodium benzoate, and mercurophylline. Ammonium chloride, biotin, and choline chloride were ineffective as antidotes.
Abstract 5435: The potential of ginseng for cancer chemoprevention

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The clinical management of cancer invariably involves diverse conventional modalities, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, the complexity of human cancer requires some alternative management to improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatment and/or the quality of life of cancer patients. Medicinal botanicals have recently gained more attention for cancer management. Numerous effective anticancer drugs have been developed from botanicals, and identifying new herbal sources to develop ideal chemoprevention remains an essential step in advancing the treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, potential roles of ginseng herbs, especially American ginseng and notoginseng, in cancer chemoprevention are evaluated. The major pharmacologically active constituents of ginsengs are ginsenosides, which can be mainly classified into protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol groups. The recognized active anticancer compounds from American ginseng and notoginseng are ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2, and protopanaxadiol. The structure-activity relationship between their chemical structures and pharmacological activities is discussed. Sugar molecules within a ginsenoside have a high impact on cancer cells. Anticancer activities increase with the decrease of sugar number. In addition, we observed that various steaming temperatures and time treatments of the ginseng herbs can change their ginsenoside profiles and enhance their anticancer activities. This heat treatment process may increase the efficacy of ginseng in cancer chemoprevention. (This work was supported in part by the NIH/NCCAM grants AT003255, AT004418 and AT005362). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5435. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5435
Fractures: Part 2

Fractures are ubiquitous in medical practice. Radiographs have been used to ­evaluate fractures from the earliest days of diagnostic radiology and remain a ­cornerstone of clinical care in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal trauma.
FIXED BLOTS IN TOLERANCE AUTOMATA

We prove that every input chain of a finite l‐tolerance automaton with inertia whose state space has a non‐zero Euler characteristic has a fixed blot, i.e. maps to itself a set Σ of states with the property that every state of Σ is within tolerance of, or “indistinguishable” from, a given state.
BioPortal: Ontologies and Integrated Data Resources at the Click of a Mouse

BioPortal ("http://bioportal.bioontology.org":http://bioportal.bioontology.org) is an open repository of biomedical ontologies that provides programmatic and web-based access to ontologies developed in OBO, OWL, Protege frames, and RDF. Features include browsing, searching, and visualization of ontologies. Searching of integrated data resources is also possible through ontology-based indexing of biomedical resources with BioPortal ontologies.
Convergence in Flat-Histogram Sampling

Abstract A density of states (DOS) specified by a polynomial has been used to investigate flat-histogram sampling for continuous values of the energy. The squared deviation of the normalized walker histogram around the ideal value of unity is found to give a good description of the self-consistency of the estimated DOS used for the sampling. For converged values of the estimated DOS, the χ2 difference from the specified DOS decreases as the inverse of the number of samples. The Gamma distribution is found to describe the range of convergence for different specific random walks towards convergence of the DOS.
Substances for soft tissue augmentation: collagen and silicone.

Le collagene injectable Zyderm et le silicone sont tous les deux utilises pour l'augmentation des tissus mous. Ni l'un ni l'autre n'est parfait. Les facteurs critiques associes a leur utilisation sont le choix des lesions et la technique d'injection. Les deux peuvent provoquer des reactions nefastes immediates et tardives
Aging studies of LiF-coated optics for use in the far ultraviolet

The FUSE is an astrophysics mission especially designed to access the quite rich spectral region between 90.5 nm and 118.7 nm with a high spectral resolving power. The FUSE instrument contains four identical off-axis paraboloid telescope mirrors and four spherical diffraction gratings. Two mirrors and two gratings are coated with silicon carbide (SiC) and have a bandpass of 90.5 nm to 110.0 nm. The remaining two mirrors and gratings are coated with lithium fluoride (LiF) over aluminum (Al) providing about twice the reflectivity of the SiC at wavelengths larger than 105.0 nm but very little reflectivity below 102.0 nm. The Far UV reflectivity of the Al + LiF coated FUSE optics is very sensitivity to moisture and molecular hydrocarbon contamination. To avoid degradation of the reflectivity all optics testing and handling has been carefully controlled to minimize the exposure of the coating to ambient air. In general the optical surfaces were kept in nitrogen purged enclosures. We report on a simple test program in which small Al + LiF witness mirrors were stored in different relative humidity (RH) environments in order to study the degradation of their reflectivity between 92.7 nm and 121.6 nm as a function of time. The result of this study were used to establish guidelines for storage and test environments for FUSE optics prior to launch. Our methods and results are then compared to a similar aging study performed by the NASA/GSFC Optical Thin Film Laboratory.
Resilience and Cyberspace: Recognizing the Challenges of a Global Socio-Cyber Infrastructure (GSCI)

Abstract Cyberspace as a system has expanded exponentially across the globe as a massively complex universal substrate. It now demonstrates the surprises of large-scale socio-technical systems from electrical grids to just-in-time manufacturing supply chains, all of which increasingly support or are supported by cyberspace. These deeply linked, large-scale socio-technical systems (STSs) are creating nationally and globally interdependent “socio-cyber” systems (SCSs) by using cyberspace to improve efficiencies and lower costs. No longer can one assume a national infrastructure to be resilient when it is vulnerable to the four cumulating layers of surprises coming from a global socio-cyber infrastructure (GSCI). Critical research questions are posed for each of these layers of surprise as necessary for understanding conceptually and institutionally how to ensure resilience in any emergent GSCI that is fundamental to global security.
Spin-forbidden electronic excitations in transition metal complexes

A revrew IS presented of recent progress m the detarled understandmg of spm-forbrdden electronic excrtattons in transrtron metal complexes The quantum mechamcal descrrption of the role of spur-orbrt couplmg m such transitions 1s outhned and related to experimental values of the oscrllator strength for the absorption of light These mtenstttes arc shown to be a sensitive measure of certam features m the electronic wave-function Emphasis is placed on the direct coupling of states of drffenng spin by various spin-dependent radiative operators_ For bmuclear and polynuclear complexes there 1s also the posstbrllty of spmforbidden transrtrons occurring vra an exchange-dependent mechanism rather than via spm-orbrt coupling The experimental evidence for this is revrewed and related to recent studies of the couphng between spin excltatlon waves and electronic excltatlon waves In magnetically ordered transrtron metal salts During the past two decades we have seen a great advance m our understanding of the electronic structure of transitron metal complexes 1 Whde a variety of experimental techniques have contributed to this progress, a central role has been played by electronic spec.9 troscopy in the vtsrble and UV spectral regtons Absorption expermients have probably played a greater roie than emrssron studres because the former yield mformatron about more excited states than the latter The electronic transittons responstble for the absorption bands frequently mvolve the rearrangement of electrons wrthm the partially filled d shell of the central ion, although other types, such as &and-to-metal charge transfer transrtrons, may be observed The former type, often called a crystal-field transttion. IS gener-
Alterations at Dispersed Sites Cause Phosphorylation and Activation of SNF1 Protein Kinase during Growth on High Glucose

The SNF1/AMP-activated protein kinases are central energy regulators in eukaryotes. SNF1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inhibited during growth on high levels of glucose and is activated in response to glucose depletion and other stresses. Activation entails phosphorylation of Thr210 on the activation loop of the catalytic subunit Snf1 by Snf1-activating kinases. We have used mutational analysis to identify Snf1 residues that are important for regulation. Alteration of Tyr106 in the αC helix or Leu198 adjacent to the Asp-Phe-Gly motif on the activation loop relieved glucose inhibition of phosphorylation, resulting in phosphorylation of Thr210 during growth on high levels of glucose. Substitution of Arg for Gly53, at the N terminus of the kinase domain, increased activation on both high and low glucose. Alteration of the ubiquitin-associated domain revealed a modest autoinhibitory effect. Previous studies identified alterations of the Gal83 (β) and Snf4 (γ) subunits that relieve glucose inhibition, and we have here identified a distinct set of Gal83 residues that are required. Together, these results indicate that alterations at dispersed sites within each subunit of SNF1 cause phosphorylation of the kinase during growth on high levels of glucose. These findings suggest that the conformation of the SNF1 complex is crucial to maintenance of the inactive state during growth on high glucose and that the default state for SNF1 is one in which Thr210 is phosphorylated and the kinase is active.
Healing patterns of critical size bony defects in rats after grafting with bone substitutes soaked in recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: histological and histometric evaluation.

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different bone substitutes soaked in recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on the healing of critical size defects in calvarial bone. Defects were created in 24 Sprague Dawley rats. The rhBMP-2 was diluted to obtain a final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Rats were divided into four groups and treated as follows: in the first group the defect was filled with anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) and rhBMP-2, the second group was treated with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and rhBMP-2, and the third group was treated with autogenous bone (AUTO). In the control group the defects were left untreated. Animals were killed after 8 weeks and calcified histological sections prepared. Histometric measurements showed that mean (SD) bone formation was 4.00 (1.69) mm 2 in the ABBM group, 2.56 (1.06) mm 2 in the FDBA group, and 2.30 (0.34) mm 2 in the AUTO group. The difference between the ABBM group and the other 3 groups was significant ( p 2 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the FDBA and the AUTO groups ( p = 0.96). Within the limits of this study we concluded that the addition of rhBMP-2 to bone substitutes was efficacious in regenerating bone in critical size bone defects in calveria in rats.
Relationship Between Multiple Sources of Perceived Social Support and Psychological and Academic Adjustment in Early Adolescence: Comparisons Across Gender

The current study investigated gender differences in the relationship between sources of perceived support (parent, teacher, classmate, friend, school) and psychological and academic adjustment in a sample of 636 (49% male) middle school students. Longitudinal data were collected at two time points in the same school year. The study provided psychometric support for the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (Malecki et al., A working manual on the development of the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (2000). Unpublished manuscript, Northern Illinois University, 2003) across gender, and demonstrated gender differences in perceptions of support in early adolescence. In addition, there were significant associations between all sources of support with depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-esteem, and academic adjustment, but fewer significant unique effects of each source. Parental support was a robust unique predictor of adjustment for both boys and girls, and classmates’ support was a robust unique predictor for boys. These results illustrate the importance of examining gender differences in the social experience of adolescents with careful attention to measurement and analytic issues.
The electronic absorption spectrum of chromate ion

The electronic spectrum of CrO2-4 is identical to that of MnO−4 except for an energy inversion of the 3rd and 4th band systems. A very weak lowest-energy band, the authenticity of which has been in debate for MnO−4, is unambiguously present in CrO2-4. The intense (ϵ ≈ 104) 55 560 cm−1 band of CrO2-4 and the correlating 52 600 cm−1 band of MnO−4 exhibit a significant decrease of intensity in the solid state; the corresponding transitions presumably possess “big orbit” character.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRENT ATTACHMENT STATUS AND FREELY RECALLED AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD

This study investigated the relationship between individual differences in attachment and the free recall of childhood memories. Specifically, it focuses on how attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, using the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale self-report, relate to the affective quality and the presence of caregivers in memories from childhood. Participants were 79 undergraduate and masters students attending a northeast university. Participants completed a memory task designed to elicit freely recalled memories from childhood. They then rated the affective valence (positive/negative) and intensity of each memory, and identified memories in which caretakers were present. Attachment avoidance was related to recalling more negative memories involving caretakers and was negatively related to the average intensity of memories involving caretakers. The results support and extend previous research suggesting that affect regulation strategies employed by individuals high in attachment anxiety and high in attachment avoidance are linked to differences in how information about the past is recalled.
Measurement of hearing aid internal noise

Hearing aid equivalent input noise (EIN) measures assume the primary source of internal noise to be located prior to amplification and to be constant regardless of input level. EIN will underestimate internal noise in the case that noise is generated following amplification. The present study investigated the internal noise levels of six hearing aids (HAs). Concurrent with HA processing of a speech-like stimulus with both adaptive features (acoustic feedback cancellation, digital noise reduction, microphone directionality) enabled and disabled, internal noise was quantified for various stimulus levels as the variance across repeated trials. Changes in noise level as a function of stimulus level demonstrated that (1) generation of internal noise is not isolated to the microphone, (2) noise may be dependent on input level, and (3) certain adaptive features may contribute to internal noise. Quantifying internal noise as the variance of the output measures allows for noise to be measured under real-world processing conditions, accounts for all sources of noise, and is predictive of internal noise audibility.
Bactericidal and Sporicidal Activity of a Quaternary Ammonium Resin-Triiodide Complex

Tests to determine the potential use of a quaternary ammonium resin-triiodide complex as a sterilizing agent showed that it was an ineffective sporicide and that bactericidal activity was impaired by complex milieu.
Sigma-delta modulation with leaky integration and constant input

Exact descriptions of the behavior of quantization noise for single-loop, multistage (cascade), and multiloop sigma-delta modulators for a variety of input signals have been found during recent years under the assumption of ideal integration. The techniques used to solve the ideal integrator case do not easily extend to the more realistic model of a leaky integrator sigma-delta. In this paper a dynamical system representation for the leaky integrator sigma-delta with a constant input is developed. Several properties of the resulting piecewise monotone and piecewise linear transformation T on the interval
Topiramate-associated acute, bilateral, secondary angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate spontaneous reports of ocular side effects associated with topiramate use. Design Retrospective case series. Methods One hundred fifteen case reports, primarily of a specific ocular syndrome (acute secondary angle-closure glaucoma), were collected from spontaneous reporting systems: the Drug Safety section of Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Raritan, NJ), the Food and Drug Administration (Rockville, MD), the World Health Organization (Uppsala, Sweden), the National Registry of Drug-Induced Side Effects (Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon), and the world literature. Main outcome measures The data were evaluated using the World Health Organization Causality Assessment Guide to the certainty of a suspected adverse drug reaction. Results Eighty-six cases of acute-onset glaucoma (83 bilateral and 3 unilateral), 17 cases of acute bilateral myopia (up to 8.75 diopters), 9 cases of suprachoroidal effusions, 3 cases of periorbital edema, and 4 cases of scleritis were reported. In those cases for which management was reported, 38% had laser or surgical peripheral iridectomy (21 cases). Conclusions In the "certain" category of the World Health Organization classification system, the following are caused by topiramate therapy: abnormal vision, acute secondary angle-closure glaucoma, acute myopia, and suprachoroidal effusions. All findings are reversible if recognized early and if the drug is discontinued. The first presenting symptom of acute secondary angle-closure glaucoma in many patients was blurring of vision. Peripheral iridectomy is ineffective for this type of angle-closure glaucoma.
Accidental Occupational Farm Fatalities in North Carolina: 1984 to 1988

: Development of interventions to prevent accidental occupational fatalities requires the prior identification of those at risk and the circumstances surrounding the injuries. A survey of unintentional farm fatalities was conducted using medical examiner reports (RIME) and death certificates (MECD) to identify deaths due to agricultural occupational injuries in North Carolina from 1984 through 1988. Of 393 cases, 123 met the criteria “farmer” listed as occupation on the RIME/MECD and/or “victim” in a rural area performing a farming task when injured. A second aim of this study was to use an existing data base to achieve maximum accuracy in identifying true cases of work-related farm fatalities. A fatality rate of 41/100,000 agricultural workers was found; the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health's National Traumatic Occupational Fatality study criteria would have identified only 57 percent of these. Victims were characterized as middle age (53 years), white (76%), male (100%), full-time farmers (65%). Injury occurred during harvest season on Monday or Tuesday (47%) between 2 and 6 p.m. (54%). Death was pronounced at the scene (74%), with probable cause listed as tractor (62%). Injury location and land elevation were also related, with the mountain region having twice the fatality rate as the coastal plains region.
Insulation of Enhancer-Promoter Communication by a Gypsy Transposon Insert in the Drosophila cut Gene: Cooperation between Suppressor of Hairy-wing and Modifier of mdg4 Proteins

The Drosophila mod(mdg4) gene products counteract heterochromatin-mediated silencing of the white gene and help activate genes of the bithorax complex. They also regulate the insulator activity of the gypsy transposon when gypsy inserts between an enhancer and promoter. The Su(Hw) protein is required for gypsy-mediated insulation, and the Mod(mdg4)-67.2 protein binds to Su(Hw). The aim of this study was to determine whether Mod(mdg4)-67.2 is a coinsulator that helps Su(Hw) block enhancers or a facilitator of activation that is inhibited by Su(Hw). Here we provide evidence that Mod(mdg4)-67.2 acts as a coinsulator by showing that some loss-of-function mod(mdg4) mutations decrease enhancer blocking by a gypsy insert in the cut gene. We find that the C terminus of Mod(mdg4)-67.2 binds in vitro to a region of Su(Hw) that is required for insulation, while the N terminus mediates self-association. The N terminus of Mod(mdg4)-67.2 also interacts with the Chip protein, which facilitates activation of cut. Mod(mdg4)-67.2 truncated in the C terminus interferes in a dominant-negative fashion with insulation in cut but does not significantly affect heterochromatin-mediated silencing of white. We infer that multiple contacts between Su(Hw) and a Mod(mdg4)-67.2 multimer are required for insulation. We theorize that Mod(mdg4)-67.2 usually aids gene activation but can also act as a coinsulator by helping Su(Hw) trap facilitators of activation, such as the Chip protein.
Labioglossopexy and epiglottopexy

Suspension techniques may be useful in correcting certain forms of pediatric airway obstruction. Pierre Robin sequence and laryngomalacia are two such disorders, characterized by collapse of the tongue and prolapse of the epiglottis, respectively. This article describes in detail the approaches to suspension of the tongue (labioglossopexy) and the epiglottis (epiglottopexy).
In Whom We Trust

The federal government collects the majority of taxes through business entities that are required to withhold taxes from wages or collect excise taxes at the time of providing services. These business entities hold the taxes they collect in trust for the United States. The vast majority of business entities pay over the taxes held in trust in a timely and appropriate manner; however, a sizeable amount, in dollar terms, does not get paid. Aside from passing criminal laws at or near the passage of the 1954 code, Congress has done little to create a structure that provides incentives for business entities acting as trustees to pay over these collected taxes. This article explores the literature that has primarily developed with respect to the tax gap seeking to find structural answers to the problem. Most of the literature addresses issues concerned with underreporting taxes rather than the underpayment of taxes but certain ideas on how to influence taxpayer behavior are transferable to underpayment. Applying appropriate structural principles to the problem, the article explores some of the solutions adopted by states to see if importing those solutions could assist the federal government in collecting these taxes. Five specific recommendations follow from the study and these recommendations range from information gathering to monetary incentives for timely compliance to requiring bonds. The range of proposed solutions is intended to address the range of reasons for the non-compliance. Through the implementation of these solutions or similar ideas that create the proper structure for taxpayers serving as trustees, this corner of the tax gap should be reduced.
Eosinophilia in a patient with cyclical vomiting: a case report

Eosinophilic gastritis is related to eosinophilic gastroenteritis, varying only in regards to the extent of disease and small bowel involvement. Common symptoms reported are similar to our patient's including: abdominal pain, epigastric pain, anorexia, bloating, weight loss, diarrhea, ankle edema, dysphagia, melaena and postprandial nausea and vomiting. Microscopic features of eosinophilic infiltration usually occur in the lamina propria or submucosa with perivascular aggregates. The disease is likely mediated by eosinophils activated by various cytokines and chemokines. Therapy centers around the use of immunosuppressive agents and dietary therapy if food allergy is a factor. The patient is a 31 year old Caucasian female with a past medical history significant for ulcerative colitis. She presented with recurrent bouts of vomiting, abdominal pain and chest discomfort of 11 months duration. The bouts of vomiting had been reoccurring every 7–10 days, with each episode lasting for 1–3 days. This was associated with extreme weakness and cachexia. Gastric biopsies revealed intense eosinophilic infiltration. The patient responded to glucocorticoids and azathioprine. The differential diagnosis and molecular pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastritis as well as the molecular effects of glucocorticoids in eosinophilic disorders are discussed. The patient responded to a combination of glucocorticosteroids and azathioprine with decreased eosinophilia and symptoms. It is likely that eosinophil-active cytokines such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-5 play pivotal roles in this disease. Chemokines such as eotaxin may be involved in eosinophil recruitment. These mediators are downregulated or inhibited by the use of immunosuppressive medications.
Hotel Occupancy: Is the Three-Year Stabilization Assumption Justified?

Corporate and private hotel developers, appraisers, and consultants must make an assumption regarding the period of time it will take a new hotel to reach a stabilized occupancy level. Historically, most developers of future hotel occupancy estimates have assumed a three-year build-up period, although empirical research has not tested this assumption. This research project tests that assumption by analyzing the actual occupancy rates of 3,699 hotels that opened during the previous economic cycle. In addition, this project evaluates the stabilization period based on hotel type, location, size, and service level. This exploratory study develops guidance for analysts of hotel occupancies by evaluating the absolute level of stabilized occupancy by hotel type in an effort to assist with refining the accuracy of prospective financial analyses for new hotels. While this project finds support for the use of a three-year occupancy build-up, it concludes that certain hotel types and locations stabilize more slowly or more quickly, whereas hotel size and service level are not significant determinants of stabilization period. Also, this project finds that certain hotel types stabilize at significantly higher occupancy rates than others.
Identification and characterization of novel polymorphic LINE-1 insertions through comparison of two human genome sequence assemblies

Mobile elements represent a relatively new class of markers for the study of human evolution. Long interspersed elements (LINEs) belong to a group of retrotransposons comprising approximately 21% of the human genome. Young LINE-1 (L1) elements that have integrated recently into the human genome can be polymorphic for insertion presence/absence in different human populations at particular chromosomal locations. To identify putative novel L1 insertion polymorphisms, we computationally compared two draft assemblies of the whole human genome (Public and Celera Human Genome assemblies). We identified a total of 148 potential polymorphic L1 insertion loci, among which 73 were candidates for novel polymorphic loci. Based on additional analyses we selected 34 loci for further experimental studies. PCR-based assays and DNA sequence analysis were performed for these 34 loci in 80 unrelated individuals from four diverse human populations: African-American, Asian, Caucasian, and South American. All but two of the selected loci were confirmed as polymorphic in our human population panel. Approximately 47% of the analyzed loci integrated into other repetitive elements, most commonly older L1s. One of the insertions was accompanied by a BC200 sequence. Collectively, these mobile elements represent a valuable source of genomic polymorphism for the study of human population genetics. Our results also suggest that the exhaustive identification of L1 insertion polymorphisms is far from complete, and new whole genome sequences are valuable sources for finding novel retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms.
Infallibilism and Gettier's Legacy

Infallibilism is the view that a belief cannot be at once warranted and false. In this essay we assess three nonpartisan arguments for infallibilism, arguments that do not depend on a prior commitment to some substantive theory of warrant. Three premises, one from each argument, are most significant: (1) if a belief can be at once warranted and false, then the Gettier Problem cannot be solved; (2) if a belief can be at once warranted and false, then its warrant can be transferred to an accidentally true belief: (3) if a belief can be at once warranted and false, then it can be warranted and accidentally true. We argue that each of these is either false or no more plausible than its denial. Along the way, we offer a solution to the Gettier Problem that is compatible with fallibilism.