cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Productivity in a Workspace Shared with a Safe Robotic Manipulator

Robotics technology is approaching a state where highly capable autonomous platforms can directly interact with human companions. This paper explores the ability of a human and manipulator to efficiently complete independent tasks in a shared physical workspace without explicit communication of their planned actions. With focus on quantifying the impact of robot presence on human task performance and workload, a series of human-subject experiments were conducted in which a seated human was asked to perform cognitive and mobility tasks in this shared workspace. The manipulator could unintentionally interrupt these activities, blocking the field of view or physical path to a worksite while completing its own tasks. To avert impending conflict, the robot received and reacted to ideal sensor data identifying the human’s tasks upon initiation. Tests over a progressively complex set of tasks for the human–manipulator team were conducted. Results indicate minimal impact on a human companion’s productivity when a...
In Situ Measurement of Fluid Film Thickness in Machining

A novel method using luminescent molecule sensors is described for in situ measurement of fluid film thickness along the tool rake face in machining. The method uses an optically transparent sapphire tool to access the rake face, and measurement of radiation emitted by luminescing molecules dispersed in a machining fluid. By measuring the intensity of the emission, the film thickness is estimated. Implications for tool-chip contact boundary conditions and near-dry machining are discussed.
Guiding students to discover concepts and develop process skills with POGIL

This workshop introduces Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL). In a POGIL classroom, teams of 3-5 learners work on instructor-facilitated activities. Through scripted inquiry and investigation, learners discover concepts and construct their own knowledge. Using assigned team roles and meta-cognition, learners develop process skills and individual responsibility. Studies show that POGIL can significantly improve student performance. POGIL incorporates practices such as discussion and reflection that are particularly helpful for students from underserved populations. This workshop is intended for anyone interested in teaching and learning approaches that are described as active, constructivist, or discovery-based. Participants will experience POGIL activities, learn core practices, and draft parts of activities. More information (including sample activities) is available at http://pogil.org and http://cspogil.org.
Altered neurochemical parameters in the brains of mice (Frings) susceptible to audiogenic seizures

Abstract In this study, several biochemical aspects of serotonergic neurons were compared in mice susceptible to audiogenic seizures (Frings) and in mice not susceptible to audiogenic seizures (CF 1). Tryptpophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was significantly lower in brains of Frings mice compared to CF 1 mice; however, brain levels of 5-HT were similar in both strains. The significantly lower TPH activity in Frings mice was due to the altered kinetic characteristics of TPH activity in this strain. TPH from Frings mice had a significantly lower apparent maximal velocity and a significantly higher affinity for the substrate, as indicated by a lower apparentKm for tryptophan. The uptake of tryptophan and accumulation of 5-HT (following pargyline) were similar in Frings and CF 1 mice. The levels of 5-HT in selected brain regions of Frings and CF 1 mice were also similar, but NE levels were higher in the cerebral cortex and DA levels were higher in the neostriatum of Frings mice. It is unclear at this point what role, if any, 5-HT plays in susceptibility to audiogenic seizures in brains of Frings mice.
QoS provisioning in micro-cellular networks supporting multiple classes of traffic

We introduce an adaptive call admission control mechanism for wireless/mobile networks supporting multiple classes of traffic, and discuss a number of resource sharing schemes which can be used to allocate wireless bandwidth to different classes of traffic. The adaptive call admission control reacts to changing new call arrival rates, and the resource sharing mechanism reacts to rapidly changing traffic conditions in every radio cell due to mobility of mobile users. In addition, we have provided an analytical methodology which shows that the combination of the call admission control and the resource sharing schemes guarantees a predefined quality-of-service to each class of traffic. One major advantage of our approach is that it can be performed in a distributed fashion removing any bottlenecks that might arise due to frequent invocation of network call control functions.
NEW IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS IN AUTOIMMUNE BLISTERING DISEASES

The autoimmune blistering diseases are a fascinating group of diseases characterized by the presence of blisters involving the skin and mucous membranes. Understanding of the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and advances in treatment of these diseases has grown enormously in recent years. In this article, the author discusses the major clinical and immunopathologic findings in bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, linea IgA bullous disease, and pemphigus. The article focuses on the therapeutic management of patients with autoimmune blistering diseases, including the appropriate treatment of patients, with particular emphasis on the use of immunomodulating and immunosuppresive agents.
Limitations on Sphagnum growth and net primary production in the foothills of the Philip Smith Mountains, Alaska.

In the foothills of the Philip Smith Mountains, Brooks Range, Alaska, tussock tundra occurs on rolling hills and in valleys that were shaped by Pleistocene glaciations. During the 1986 and 1987 summer seasons, Sphagnum growth and production were determined in "water tracks" on tundra slopes that acted to channel water flow to the valley bottom stream and in "intertrack tundra" areas that were relatively homogeneous with respect to downslope drainage. Measurements were made under ambient environmental conditions and on mosses receiving supplemental irrigation in each area. Growth rate for Sphagnum spp. (cm shoot length increase/day) was low and relatively constant in intertrack tundra and highest but quite variable in water tracks. A strong negative correlation was found between Sphagnum spp. growth rate and solar irradiance in the shady environment below Salix canopies in the water tracks. Estimates of net annual dry weight (DW) production for Sphagnum spp. ranged from 0.10 g DW dm-2 yr-1 in intertrack tundra vegetation to 1.64 g DW dm-2 yr-1 in well-shaded water tracks. Experimental water additions had little effect on growth and production in intertrack tundra and well-developed water tracks, but significantly increased growth in a weakly-developed water track community. Low production over large areas of tundra slopes may occur due to presence of slow growing species resistant to dessication in intertrack tundra as opposed to rapidly growing less compact species within the limited extent of water tracks. We hypothesize that species capable of rapid growth occur also in weakly-developed water tracks, and that these are water-limited more often than plants occurring in well-developed water track situations. Where experienced, high light intensity may additionally limit growth due to photoinhibition.
Effects of the intravenous administration of calcium on nephrogenous cyclic AMP: use as a parathyroid suppression test.

The question of parathyroid autonomy in primary hyperparathyroidism has been the subject of conflicting immunoassay data. We studied the effects of calcium infusion (12 mg/kg/3 h) and calcium injection (3 mg/kg/10 min) on peripheral plasma parathyroid hormone (iPTH) determined with a multivalent antiserum and on the excretion of nephrogenous cyclic AMP in normal subjects and in 7 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who displayed only mild, intermittent hypercalcemia. In control subjects, calcium administration resulted in small (13−20%) reductions in iPTH, whereas some 4/5 (77−81%) of the nephrogenous cyclic AMP was rapidlyand uniformly suppressed. In the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, bothanalyses revealed a lack of absolute parathyroid autonomy in response to calcium,with overlapping iPTH responses between a majority of the patients and the control group. In contrast, the nephrogenous cyclic AMP responses provided a clear separation of the 2 groups after both calcium infusion and calci...
Outcomes analysis of necrotizing enterocolitis within 11 958 neonates undergoing cardiac surgical procedures

Through an analysis of 2 databases, we describe outcomes among 11 958 neonates with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac procedures, with 194 developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Neonates with congestive heart failure or those undergoing systemic to pulmonary artery shunting were more likely to develop NEC, but these patients had inpatient mortality similar to that of their non-NEC counterparts.
Transient atmospheres on Charon and water–ice covered KBOs resulting from comet impacts

Abstract Evidence from stellar occultation datasets and Charon’s H 2 O–ice dominated surface composition has long suggested a lack of any current atmosphere around this satellite planet. However, impacts from both Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud comets must from time to time import N 2 , CH 4 , and other cometary super-volatiles that can create temporary atmospheres around Charon. Here we estimate the frequency of such cometary impacts on Charon and the imported mass of super-volatiles from each such impact. We then examine the characteristics of such transient atmospheric events, including their column densities, mean molecular weights, scale heights, and loss timescales. We then report on the detectability of such a transient atmosphere by New Horizons, and discuss the generalized case of cometary impact-created transient atmospheres on other satellites of Pluto and water–ice covered KBOs across the Kuiper Belt.
Feasibility of prostate robotic radiation therapy on conventional C-arm linacs.

Abstract Purpose Significant dosimetric improvement for radiation therapy using optimized noncoplanar fields has been previously demonstrated. The purpose here is to study the feasibility of optimized robotic noncoplanar radiation therapy, termed 4π therapy, for prostate cancer treatments on a conventional C-arm linac. Methods and materials Twelve low-risk prostate cancer patients previously treated by 2-arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were selected. Forty gray in 5 fractions were prescribed to cover 95% of the prostate planning target volume (PTV). To replan by 4π therapy, a column generation method was used to optimize beam orientations and fluence. A total of 30 beams were selected for each patient. Results Both planning methods provided adequate PTV coverage. Compared against VMAT plans, the 4π plan reduced the rectum V50%, V80%, V90%, D1cc, and the penile bulb maximum doses by 50%, 28%, 19% 11%, and 9% (P Conclusions By optimizing beam angles and fluences in the noncoplanar solution space, superior prostate treatment plan quality was achieved compared against state of the art VMAT plans. The dosimetric potential for 4π therapy is established on an existing C-arm linac platform.
Borders, Police, and Jobs: Viewing Latino Immigration Through a Social Spatial Lens

An estimated 10 million undocumented immigrants now live in the United States, prompting calls for law enforcement crackdowns and pleas for stringent immigration controls. Social workers and agencies lack the resources to address the needs of this population and are often hindered in service delivery efforts by local anti-immigrant ordinances. This article argues that the sociological theory of social space can be used within a person-in-environment analysis to scrutinize the imbalances of power propelling migration by impoverished populations worldwide and to frame approaches for work with this population at the mezzo and micro levels. Sociologist Henri Lefebvre's tripartite conceptualization of social space is advocated because of its potential to delineate the spatial practices inherent in the question of immigration.
THE LITERARY AND CULTURAL STUDY OF RELIGION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

anomaly. It is an anomaly that is widely sensed but rarely mentioned in such settings as this, and yet it is dramatically in evidence all around us in this annual meeting of the two societies. The anomaly of which I speak concerns what in my title I refer to as the literary and cultural study of religion. By these two terms, literary and cultural, I intend to suggest, somewhat idiosyncratically, I admit, smaller and larger variants of the same thing-namely, what some would call the study of religion as a symbolic form; what I would prefer to describe as the study of religion as an imaginative or figurative formation. This definition may very well strike some in my audience as potentially misleading, because the cultural study of religion is usually taken to include such disciplines as anthropology, iconography, history, philosophy, sociology, and folklore, while the literary study of religion traditionally encompasses no more than the disciplines of literary criticism, the theology of culture, and, perhaps, comparative mythography. There is abundant testimony, however, to the fact that such disciplinary genres as these, for all but those ideologically committed to them, have begun to grow more permeable, unstable, or just plain fluid. This phenomenon has resulted not only from the discovery that so many of these disciplines were
Artifact reduction in HARP strain maps using anisotropic smoothing

Harmonic phase (HARP) MRI is used to measure myocardial motion and strain from tagged MR images. HARP MRI uses limited number of samples from the spectrum of the tagged images to reconstruct motion and strain. The HARP strain maps, however, suffer from artifacts that limit the accuracy of the computations and degrade the appearance of the strain maps. Causes of these, so called 'zebra', artifacts include image noise, Gibbs ringing, and interference from other Fourier spectral peaks. Computing derivatives of the HARP phase, which are needed to estimate strain, further accentuates these artifacts. Previous methods to reduce these artifacts include 1-D and 2-D nonlinear filtering of the HARP derivatives, and a 2-D linear filtering of unwrapped HARP phase. A common drawback among these methods is the lack of proper segmentation of the myocardium from the blood pool. Because of the lack of segmentation, the noisy phase values from the blood pool enter into the computation in the smoothed strain maps, which causes artifacts. In this work, we propose a smoothing method based on anisotropic diffusion that filters the HARP derivatives strictly within the myocardium without the need for prior segmentation. The information about tissue geometry and the strain distribution is used to restrict the smoothing to within the myocardium, thereby ensuring minimum distortion of the final strain map. Preliminary results demonstrate the ability of anisotropic diffusion for better artifact reduction and lesser strain distortion than the existing methods.
The development of benzo- and naphtho-fused quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acids as vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) inhibitors reveals a possible role for neuroactive steroids.

Abstract Substituted quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylates (QDCs) are conformationally-restricted mimics of glutamate that were previously reported to selectively block the glutamate vesicular transporters (VGLUTs). We find that expanding the QDC scaffold to benzoquinoline dicarboxylic acids (BQDC) and naphthoquinoline dicarboxylic acids (NQDCs) improves inhibitory activity with the NQDCs showing IC 50 ∼ 70 μM. Modeling overlay studies showed that the polycyclic QDCs resembled steroid structures and led to the identification and testing of estrone sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate and pregnanolone sulfate that blocked the uptake of l -Glu by 50%, 70% and 85% of control, respectively. Pregnanolone sulfate was further characterized by kinetic pharmacological determinations that demonstrated competitive inhibition and a K i of ≈20 μM.
Crystal structure of SULT2A3, human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase.

The crystal structure of SULT2A3 human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase has been solved at 2.4 A resolution in the presence of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP). The overall structure is similar to those of SULT1 enzymes such as estrogen sulfotransferase and the PAP binding site is conserved, however, significant differences exist in the positions of loops Pro14–Ser20, Glu79–Ile82 and Tyr234–Gln244 in the substrate binding pocket. Moreover, protein interaction in the crystal structure has revealed a possible dimer-directed conformational alteration that may regulate the SULT activity.
Cerebellar activity and disturbed time sense after THC

Because marijuana continues to be the most commonly used illicit drug, its effects on the brain function are of major interest. We utilized positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) infusion on brain blood flow and its behavioral correlates in 46 volunteers. Consistent with previous reports, there was a significant increase in cortical and cerebellar blood flow following THC, but not all subjects showed this effect. Those who showed a decrease in cerebellar CBF also had a significant alteration in time sense. The relationship between decreased cerebellar flow and impaired time sense is of interest because the cerebellum has been linked to an internal timing system.
Green chemistry and the global water crisis

Among environmental issues facing the world today, land-based sources of water pollution is one of the most pressing. Adequate supplies of satisfactory-quality water are essential for the natural resources and ecological systems on which all life depends. Green chemistry offers a scientifically based set of solutions to protect water quality.
Intermodal network expansion in a competitive environment with uncertain demands

Article history: Received September 17 2014 Received in Revised Format October 9 2014 Accepted October 17 2014 Available online October 17 2014 This paper formulates robust optimization models for the problem of finding near-optimal locations for new intermodal terminals and their capacities for a railroad company, which operates an intermodal network in a competitive environment with uncertain demands. To solve the robust models, a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is developed. Experimental results indicate that the SA solutions (i.e. objective function values) were comparable to those obtained using GAMS, but the SA algorithm could obtain solutions faster and could solve much larger problems. In addition, the results verify that solutions obtained from the robust models were more effective in dealing with uncertain demand scenarios. © 2015 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Quantifying Eelgrass Habitat Loss in Relation to Housing Development and Nitrogen Loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts

Change analysis of eelgrass distribution in Waquoit Bay demonstrated a rapid decline of eelgrass habitat between 1987 and 1992. Aerial photography and ground-truth assessments of eelgrass distribution in the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve documented progressive loss in eelgrass acreage and fragmentation of eelgrass beds that we relate to the degree of housing development and associated nitrogen loading, largely via groundwater, within various sub-basins of the estuary. The sub-basins with greater housing density and higher nitrogen loading rates showed more rapid rates of eelgrass decline. In eelgrass mesocosm studies at the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, excessive nitro- gen loading stimulated proliferation of algal competitors (epiphytes, macroalgae, and phytoplankton) that shade and thereby stress eelgrass. We saw domination by each of these three algal competitors in our field observations of eelgrass decline in Waquoit Bay. Our study is the first to relate housing development and nitrogen loading rates to eelgrass habitat loss. These results for the Waquoit Bay watershed provide supporting evidence for management to limit development that results in groundwater nitrogen loading and to initiate remedial action in order to reverse trends in eelgrass habitat loss.
HIV-1 chemotherapy and drug resistance.

Abstract Background: Therapy with inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication has had only transient clinical benefit to date. It has been speculated that drug-resistant virus mutants may contribute to therapeutic failure. Objective: To extrapolate from the biology of drug-resistant HIV-1 to improve antiretroviral chemotherapeutic strategies. Study design: The literature was reviewed in regard to clinical and virologic correlates of HIV-1 drug resistance, methodology for detection of resistant virus, and chemotherapeutic strategies for prolonging suppression of virus replication. Results: HIV-1 isolates resistant to different nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, nonnucleoside RT inhibitors, and protease inhibitors have been implicated to different extents with virologic or clinical failure of therapeutic effectiveness. The in vivo antiviral effect of certain nonnucleoside RT inhibitors as monotherapy is lost coincident with emergence of a dominant population of resistant virus. Disease progression is more rapid among patients at advanced stages of HIV-1 disease with highly zidovudine (AZT)-resistant virus (50% inhibitory concentration ⩽ 1.0 μM AZT) and is not attributable to effects of other baseline predictors of progression studied to date. However, there is no definitive evidence that high level AZT resistance causes the loss of therapeutic benefit of AZT. Several of the research methods used for detection of drug-resistant mutants could be developed for future use as screening assays in clinical virology laboratories. Conclusions: Strategies for individualizing therapy based on switching, or adding, drugs at first detection of drug-resistant HIV-1 aim to minimize replication of viruses that are drug-resistant, as well as those that remain susceptible to the drug. If clinical investigation reveals that such approaches extend duration of antiretroviral therapeutic benefit, HIV-1 drug-resistance assessment may be increasingly requested from clinical virology laboratories. Monitoring antiviral suppression by quantifying plasma HIV-1 RNA appears more practical at present, however. Different combination regimens are also being studied to see if some regimens delay emergence of resistant virus longer than others. In the future, sequential empiric changes to new combination regimens every few months may also bear investigation to attempt to “pre-empt” HIV-1 resistance development.
Prospective care: a personalized, preventative approach to medicine

Ralph Snyderman1† & Ziggy Yoediono2 †Author for correspondence 1Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3059, Durham, NC 27710, USA E-mail: snyde001@ mc.duke.edu 2Duke University, Center for Research on Prospective Health Care, Durham, NC 27710, USA “We now have emerging capabilities to understand each individual's risk of developing disease, for tracking this risk over time, and for recommending appropriate therapeutics”
Two Closely Related Human Nuclear Export Factors Utilize Entirely Distinct Export Pathways

Nuclear mRNA export mediated by the human protein TAP requires a carboxy-terminal domain that directly interacts with components of the nuclear pore complex. Here we demonstrate that NXF3, a human RNA binding protein related to TAP, lacks this domain yet retains the ability to export tethered RNA transcripts and to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. NXF3 contains a novel Crm1-dependent nuclear export signal that compensates in cis for the loss of the nuclear pore targeting domain. NXF3-dependent RNA export is therefore blocked by Crm1-specific inhibitors that do not affect TAP function. Thus, while the related TAP and NXF3 proteins are both capable of mediating nuclear RNA export, they do so via unrelated export pathways.
British Long-Term Investment in Latin America, 1865-1913

Following a review of the early period of British investment in Latin America (1822–1865) and a discussion of previous estimates of British capital exports to South and Central America before World War I, Professor Stone presents new and revised data concerning the composition and distribution of British holdings by amount, industry, and region.
Social Networks and Social Support of Recently Divorced Women

A study of the support networks and social support of recently divorced women with children was conducted over two years. Its purpose was to assess changes in the women's social support and identify their unmet needs. Data were collected from 148 women by mailed questionnaire and telephone interview soon after the final divorce decree, and again at two years. The women did experience a significant decrease in network size and social support over two years; however, the primary members of their networks--family and friends--remained stable. Women with preschool-age children had more family support than those with older children. Nine categories of unmet needs were identified. Most frequently cited, in descending order, were emotional support, financial assistance, need for a boyfriend/partner/spouse, time for herself, and child care. The average number of needs per woman was less than two. The findings of this study confirm the losses in overall network size and support that women experience after divorce. The identification of unmet needs helps nurses to target areas in which women may require assistance to find social support.
Polysaccharide from Dry Navy Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris: Its Isolation and Stimulation of Clostridium perfringens

A microbiological assay is described for determining gas produced by Clostridium perfringens (Veilon and Zuber) Holland from materials believed to be flatulent. A rationale for its use is given and analyzed. The fractionation and the results of the assay for several components of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., and navy beans, P. vulgaris L., are given. In particular, a polysaccharide was isolated from dried P. vulgaris seeds. Only about one-seventh as much could be isolated from green P. lunatus seeds as from P. vulgaris seeds. The polysaccharide stimulates voluminous gas production by C. perfringens and meets all criteria of the rationale for flatulent sus pects. It has not been tested on humans; however, data from the microbiological assay correlate well with human results for green and dry lima beans and navy beans.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Impairs Extracellular Matrix Remodeling during Zebra Fish fin Regeneration

Adult zebra fish completely regenerate their caudal (tail) fin following partial amputation. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) inhibits this regenerative process. Proper regulation of transcription, innervation, vascularization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition is essential for complete fin regeneration. Previous microarray studies suggest that genes involved in ECM regulation are misexpressed following activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. To investigate whether TCDD blocks regeneration by impairing ECM remodeling, male zebra fish were i.p. injected with 50 ng/g TCDD or vehicle, and caudal fins were amputated. By 3 days postamputation (dpa), the vascular network in the regenerating fin of TCDD-exposed fish was disorganized compared to vehicle-exposed animals. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that axonal outgrowth was impacted by TCDD as early as 3 dpa. Histological analysis demonstrated that TCDD exposure leads to an accumulation of collagen at the end of the fin ray just distal to the amputation site by 3 dpa. Mature lepidotrichial-forming cells (fin ray-forming cells) were not observed in the fins of TCDD-treated fish. The capacity to metabolize ECM was also altered by TCDD exposure. Quantitative real-time PCR studies revealed that the aryl hydrocarbon pathway is active and that matrix-remodeling genes are expressed in the regenerate following TCDD exposure.
Enhanced phosphorescence in dibenzophosphole chalcogenide mixed crystal

The single crystals of 9-phenyl-9-dibenzophosphole chalcogenides {oxide (1), sulfide (2) and selenide (3)} and a mixed crystal of 2 and 3 have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Several intermolecular interactions such as π–π and Se–H were observed in the mixed crystal of 2 and 3. The mixed crystal of 2 and 3 exhibited enhanced phosphorescence compared to the pure constituent crystal (2 or 3) at low temperature.
A modified Lekhnitskii formalism à la Stroh for anisotropic elasticity and classifications of the 6 × 6 matrix N

The Stroh formalism for two-dimensional deformations of anisotropic elastic materials computes the eigenvalue p and the eigenvector a from an eigenrelation. The vector b is then determined from a . Depending on the number of repeated eigenvalues p and the number of independent eigenvectors ( a , b ) the system has, it can be classified into six groups. The Lekhnitskii formalism has no eigenrelation to speak of. We present a modified Lekhnitskii formalism that computes the eigenvalue p and the eigenvector b from an eigenrelation. The vector a is then determined from b . Thus the modified Lekhnitskii formalism is a dual to the Stroh formalism. Not only does the modified formalism enable us to do the classifications, it is much simpler than using the Stroh formalism. The six groups are the SP, SS, D1, D2, ED and ES groups. The ES group does not exist for a real material. The SS group (that has p 1 = p 2 ≠ p 3) and the D2 group (that has p 1 = p 2 ≠ p 3) can be identified without computing the eigenvalues p and the eigenvectors ( a , b ). We show that the repeated eigenvalue p 1 = p 2 in the SS and D2 groups is simply a root of the quadratic equation l 2 = 0. We present an explicit expression of p 3 for the SS group. The ED group that has three identical p can also be identified without computing p and ( a , b ); however, we do present an explicit expression of p . We show that monoclinic materials with the symmetry plane at x 3 = 0 cannot belong to the ED group. The identification of the SP and D1 groups is the only one that requires computation of p but not ( a , b ). For special classes of materials, however, they can be identified without computing p . In all cases, the eigenvectors and the generalized eigenvectors are obtained explicitly.
Five-year clinical experience with Abiomed BVS 5000 as a ventricular assist device for cardiac failure.

Mechanical support for the failing heart has interested and challenged cardiac specialists for decades. In the United States alone, there are close to 375 000 cardiac surgical procedures performed ...
A probabilistic model for cursive handwriting recognition using spatial context

In this work we introduce a probabilistic model that utilizes spatial contextual information to aid recognition when dealing with ambiguous segmentations of handwritten patterns. The recognition problem is formulated as an optimization problem in a Bayesian framework by explicitly conditioning on the spatial configuration of the letters. As a consequence, and in contrast to HMMs, the proposed model can handle duration modeling without an increase in computational complexity. We test the model on a real-world handwriting dataset and discuss several factors that affect the recognition performance.
A framework for selective recompilation in the presence of complex intermodule dependencies

Compilers and other programming environment tools derive information from the source code of programs; derived information includes compiled code, interprocedurrd summary information, and call graph views. If the source program changes, the derived information needs to be updated. We present a simple framework for maintaining interrnodule dependencies, embodying different tradeoffs in terms of space usage, speed of processing, and selectivity of invalidation, that eases the implementation of incremental update of derived information. Our framework augments a directed acyclic graph representation of dependencies with factoring nodes (to save space) and filtering nodes (to increase selectivity), and it includes an algorithm for efficient invalidation processing. We show how several schemes for selective recompilation, such as smart recompilation, filter sets for interprocedural summary information, and dependencies for whole-program optimization of object-oriented languages, map naturally onto our framework. For this latter application, by exploiting the facilities of our framework, we are able to reduce the number of lines of source code recompiled by a factor of seven over a header file-based scheme, and by a factor of two over the previous state-of-the-art selective dependency mechanism without consuming additional space.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation as a Possible Cause of Acute Coronary Stent Thrombosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), as a cause of acute coronary stent thrombosis, has not yet been reported to our knowledge. We report a case of 64-year-old male, who presented with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Coronary angiography revealed right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis and a drug eluting stent was deployed. Fifteen hours following the intervention, the patient developed an inferior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction. Repeat cardiac catheterization showed an acute in-stent thrombosis. Following thrombectomy, another stent was placed. The patient noted to have an acute drop in platelet count following the second intervention. Two hours following repeat intervention, the patient again developed chest pain and EKG showed recurrent ST-segment elevations in leads II, III, and aVF. Prior to repeat cardiac catheterization, the patient became unresponsive and developed cardiogenic shock. The patient was resuscitated and intubated, and repeat catheterization showed complete stent thrombosis. Intracoronary tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was given. The platelet count further dropped. Additional studies confirmed the diagnosis of DIC. No further cardiac catheterization was done at this point. The patient then later had a cardiac arrest and unfortunately cardiopulmonary resuscitation could not revive him. Amongst the etiologies of acute stent thrombosis, DIC was deemed a possible cause.
The potential of neuroeconomics

The goal of neuroeconomics is a mathematical theory of how the brain implements decisions, that is tied to behaviour. This theory is likely to show some decisions for which rational-choice theory is a good approximation (particularly for evolutionarily sculpted or highly learned choices), to provide a deeper level of distinction among competing behavioural alternatives, and to provide empirical inspiration for economics to incorporate more nuanced ideas about endogeneity of preferences, individual difference, emotions, endogeneous regulation of states, and so forth. I also address some concerns about rhetoric and practical epistemology. Neuroscience articles are necessarily speculative and the science has proceeded rapidly because of that rhetorical convention. Single-study papers are encouraged and are necessarily limited in what can be inferred, so the sturdiest cumulation of results, and the best guide forward, comes in review journals which compile results and suggest themes. The potential of neuroeconomics is in combining the clearest experimental paradigms and statistical methods in economics, with the unprecedented capacity to measure a range of neural and cognitive activity that economists like Edgeworth, Fisher and Ramsey daydreamed about but did not have.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans (Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans) bacteremia associated with a well-water source: case report and review of the literature

A case of community-acquired Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia in a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma is described. The patient's home drinking water was identified as the source of her bacteremia. The case represents the first in which a community-acquired infection due to this organism has been attributed to a documented water source.
Cation effects on phosphate homeostasis in hypophosphatemic subjects.

X-linked hypophosphatemia and sporadic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia are disorders characterized by inappropriately high renal clearance of phosphate (Pi). Although the results of some studies have suggested an additional defect in intestinal Pi absorption1,2 excessive urinary Pi excretion is generally considered to be the major determinant of the hypophosphatemia. Treatment with oral Pi salts alone or in combination with vitamin D has resulted in increased serum Pi levels and improvement in bone disease3. Oral Pi supplements have most often been administered in the form of the neutral sodium (Na) salts or as a combination of neutral Na and potassium (K) salts. Frick4 has demonstrated that expansion of extracellular fluid volume by the infusion of isotonic saline results in increased Pi excretion in the rat. Similar effects of saline infusion on Pi excretion have been observed in dogs5,6 and normal human subjects7. Recently Tenenhouse et al8 in studies of the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse, have suggested the presence of a selective Pi transport defect in the Na dependent transport system of the kidney brush border membrane. In order to evaluate the effects of high Na intake in individuals receiving oral Pi supplements, we have compared the effects of neutral Na and K salts of Pi on levels of serum Pi, renal Pi clearance, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) and urinary cAMP clearance in three adults with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. In all three subjects, serum Pi levels were higher while receiving the neutral K salt of Pi than while receiving equivalent quantities of the neutral Na salt. In one subject with X-linked hypophosphatemia, a high Na diet reversed the beneficial effects of the K salt on serum Pi levels. These studies suggest that Pi excretion is markedly affected by Na intake in individuals with hypohosphatemic osteomalacia.
Reformulating temporal action logics in answer set programming

Temporal Action Logics (TAL) is a class of temporal logics for reasoning about actions. We present a reformulation of TAL in Answer Set Programming (ASP), and discuss some synergies it brings. First, the reformulation provides a means to compute TAL using efficient answer set solvers. Second, TAL provides a structured high-level language for ASP (possibly with constraint solving). Third, the reformulation allows us to compute integration of TAL and ontologies using answer set solvers, and we illustrate its usefulness in the healthcare domain in the context of medical expert systems.
(R)-N-Methyl-4-[2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1-(tetra-hydro-furan-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine.

The chiral center at the substituted atom of the tetra­hydro­furanyl ring in the title compound, C13H17N5OS, has an R configuration. The methyl­sulfanylpyrimidine group and the pyrazole ring are almost coplanar [the maximum deviation from this plane is 0.070 (4) A], the N—Me substituent being displaced from the methyl­sulfanylpyrimidine-pyrazole plane by 0.880 (4) A. The secondary amine group participates in an intra­molecular hydrogen bond with the pyrimidine N atom in position 3.
Influence of punctures, cuts, and surface morphologies of golden delicious apples on penetration and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7

The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to penetrate and grow within punctures, fresh-cut surfaces, and calyces of Golden Delicious apples was investigated. A three-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 resistant to ampicillin was used to inoculate fresh and 48-h-old punctures, fresh-cut surfaces, and open or closed calyces. A concentric cutting procedure was used to evaluate depth of penetration within punctures and prevent cross contamination during sampling. Within 2 h, E. coli O157: H7 penetrated vertically through the fresh punctures and 3.4 mm within the underlying parenchyma. After 48 h, E. coli O157: H7 cells penetrated up to 5.5 mm within the punctures and >2.6 mm horizontally away from fresh punctures. However, 48-h-old punctures did not permit penetration beyond their boundaries. Fresh-cut surfaces permitted up to 2.8 mm penetration after 24 h. Onset of growth of E. coli O157:H7 occurred 4 to 8 h postinoculation on fresh punctures and fresh-cut surfaces with populations increasing by 3 logs after ...
Wave Energy Converters and Design Considerations for Gulf of Mexico

ABSTRACTThis article presents an investigational study on wave energy converters (WECs) and the design considerations for possible implementation in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The types of WEC available from the market are studied first. The design considerations for implementing a WEC in GOM are then evaluated. There are several different types of devices that can be used in the system design. Each device type has different attributes that may be helpful or hurtful for the area and wave activity in the GOM. From the evaluation there is a recommendation of the optimal device design conditions, and three device types are recommended for further pursuit as design candidates. Six different WEC projects that are currently being developed and most are ready for commercial testing are examined. Our study evaluates the usefulness of the WECs for the GOM, and provides design factors of both physical and economic scaling. The result of this investigation reveals that while none of the devices can be installed “as i...
Hypersonic scramjet testing via TDLAS measurements of temperature and column density in a reflected shock tunnel

A wavelength-multiplexed two-color TDLAS sensor probing transitions near 1.4 μm was developed to measure H2O temperature and column density simultaneously across three lines-of-sight in a ground-based model scramjet combustor. High-enthalpy scramjet conditions equivalent to Mach 10 flight were generated with a reflected shock tunnel. The sensor hardware development and optical engineering to overcome noisy combustor conditions including short test time, beam steering, and mechanical vibration are discussed. A new scanned wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique was used to acquire the complete spectral lineshape while maintaining the high signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of WMS measurements. Two combusting flow experiments were conducted and the results compared with steady-state CFD calculations, with both the simulations and the measurements finding formation of H2O from H2 combustion during the test time. To our knowledge, this work represents the first use of WMS in a reflected shock tunnel and the first use of scanned-WMS in a scramjet combustor.
Effects of pulsing and interfacial potentials on tellurium-organic heterostructured films.

Polycrystalline thin films of tellurium and organic semiconductor molecules are paired in heterostructured field-effect transistors built on Si/SiO2 substrates. While charge carrier mobilities can exceed 1 cm2/(V s), there is only a limited gate voltage range over which the current is modulated. We employ continuous and pulsed measurements on transistors to explore the influence of charge equilibration time on device behavior, finding that pulsed gating improves output characteristics. We also use surface potential measurements to investigate the interfacial vacuum level offset between materials, and we modify the interlayer potential profile by interposing statically charged dielectric layers on the silicon dioxide. We show that interfacial fields determine the gate voltage range over which Te shows a field effect in heterostructures with organic semiconductors and that modification of these fields can extend this range.
Diagnosis and Management of AIDS-related Diarrhea

The spectrum of illness associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been increasing since the initial description in 1981. While virtually all organ systems may be affected, the gastrointestinal tract appears to be a major target. Diarrhea is the most common symptom, affecting up to half of all AIDS patients during the course of their disease. Although diarrhea occurs frequently, its optimal management remains controversial. An extensive evaluation including stool studies and endoscopic biopsies of both the colon and small intestine has been widely recommended to identify all potential pathogenic organisms. An alternative approach is a more limited evaluation consisting of stool and blood cultures followed by symptomatic treatment with antidiarrheal agents if no specific organisms are identified. The clinical presentation of the most common opportunistic pathogens are reviewed, including several recently discovered organisms. Recommendations for treatment are followed by a brief discussion of management strategies used to care for patients with AIDS-related diarrhea.
Comparative Criminal Law and Enforcement: Russia

This chapter assesses criminal law and enforcement in Russia. It addresses the history of the Russian criminal justice system and its reform, as well as Russia’s criminal procedure and substantive criminal law.
The competing effects of wall transpiration and stretching on Homann stagnation-point flow

The simultaneous effects of normal transpiration through a radially stretching porous plate beneath Homann stagnation-point flow are considered. The exact similarity reduction of the Navier–Stokes equations depends on the stretching parameter λ and the transpiration parameter μ. Dual solutions are found over a limited range λc 0) but unique solutions exist for blowing (μ<0). It is shown that the range of dual solutions increases with μ, but a self-similar stability analysis reveals that the lower solution branches are unstable while upper solution branches are stable.
Chapter 31 – 1α,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3: Nuclear Receptor Structure and Ligand Specificities for Genomic and Rapid Biological Responses

Publisher Summary Vitamin D 3 and all its daughter metabolites, including I α, 25(OH)2 D3, are unusually conformationally flexible. Three key aspects of the l a,25(OH)2D3 molecule confer a unique range of conformational mobility on this molecule. The intact eight carbon side chain of vitamin D and related seco steroids can easily assume numerous shapes and positions in three-dimensional (3D) space by virtue of rotation of its five carbon–carbon single bonds. In contrast to classical steroid hormones, like estradiol, which have only one shape, it is apparent that I α, 25(OH)2 D3 can generate at least three functionally different shapes, which effectively accommodate the ligand-binding domain requirements of the VDRnuc, VDRmem, and DBP proteins. The key organ in this endocrine system is the kidney where the renal proximal tubule is responsible for producing the hormonal I α, 25(OH)2 D3 in accordance with strict physiological signals. An additional key participant in the operation of the vitamin D endocrine system is the plasma vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), which carries vitamin D 3 and all its metabolites to their various target organs. The DBP is known to have a specific ligand-binding domain for vitamin D-related ligands, which is different in specificity from the ligand-binding domain of the nuclear vitamin D receptor. DBP is a slightly acidic monomeric glycoprotein of 53 kDa synthesized and secreted by the liver as a major plasma constituent.