cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The State of Obesity in Kansas: A Community Based Approach to Chronic Care Management.

Based on the current prevalence of obesity and projected growth rates, approximately 50% of all adults ages 18 and older in the United States will be obese within the next 10 years.1 The state of Kansas is projected to have greater obesity rates than the national average during this timeframe at 55.6% of the population. Current estimates rank Kansas 12th in the nation for obesity prevalence, with 34.4% of adults ages 18 and older who are obese, and 39th in the nation for childhood obesity with 12.5% of the population ages 0 – 17 with obesity.2–4 The increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with a variety of factors including: socioeconomic status, ethnic and racial disparities, genetics, geographic location, age, disability status, pregnancy, associated comorbid medical conditions, access to food, cultural beliefs, and health behaviors.5–20 Socioeconomic factors including income level, education, ethnicity, race, unemployment, and geographic location have a significant influence on the development of obesity (Figure 1).1,5–10 Obesity prevalence is correlated negatively with income level, with increased rates of obesity noted in low income populations. Individuals with limited financial means often live in food deserts and gravitate toward convenient food sources that are highly processed, low in nutrient density, and high in caloric content with a long shelf life. Within the city of Wichita, there are 44 square miles of food deserts where individuals live more than 1 mile from a grocery store.12 With limited access to food, individuals within these neighborhoods increasingly utilize convenience stores that are located within walking distance. A study conducted by the Health and Wellness Coalition of Wichita in 2013 showed that convenience stores make up 40% of the retailers within Wichita, but only 44% offer fresh fruits and 9% offer fresh vegetables.12 The cost associated with fresh produce at these locations can be up to four times the cost of fresh produce purchased from grocery stores. Open in a separate window Figure 1 The impact of socioeconomic factors on the development of obesity rates within the state of Kansas. Rates reflect self-reported survey data and likely underestimate the true prevalence and the effect of demographics on the development of this disease. [Figure created with BioRender.com.]
Curriculum spaces and mathematical models for curriculum design

Abstract The area of mathematical psychology concerning knowledge spaces is complemented by the theoretical notion of a “curriculum space,” which is developed as a mathematical model for curriculum design in order to illuminate the interplay between learners and the curricula in which they enroll. The analysis is carried out in terms of concepts from graph theory and order theory, yielding a precise language in which to communicate aspects of curricular influences on student-achievement. Emphasis is placed on the structure of tasks that are addressed in a curriculum, the structure of prerequisite-course assignments within the curriculum, and the compatibility between these structures. Among the main results, conditions are given under which the tasks in a curriculum induce a partially ordered set, curricula that admit “compatible” prerequisite-structures are completely characterized, and a greedy algorithm is presented for categorizing courses into “curriculum maps” that respect the compatibility condition.
Influence of Water Content on Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel in an Artificial Soil

The corrosion behavior of a grounding material Q235 steel was investigated in an artificial acid soil made of diatomite. Steel coupons were buried for 15 d in the artificial soil with different water contents in a range 10% to 50%. The results indicated that the water content had a great effect on corrosion behavior of Q235 steel. The corrosion rate of the steel increased initially and then reduced with the increasing water content. General corrosion occurred for the steel in the soil with 10% water. With the increasing water content in the soil the corrosion of the steel changed to local corrosion. The steel exhibited the highest corrosion rate in a soil with 30% water. XRD analysis of the corrosion rust layer showed that the corrosion products were mainly composed of α-Fe OOH,γ-Fe OOH, Fe3O4 and Fe2O3,which were consistent well with those detected for the steel buried in actual fields.
“Flipgrid netiquette”: unearthing language ideologies in the remote learning era

Flipgrid as an asynchronous video-mediated online discussion platform has offered a space for teachers and students to interact and show their thinking in remote learning during the COVID-19 pandem...
A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ruxolitinib plus parsaclisib in patients with JAK- and PI3K-inhibitor treatment-naïve myelofibrosis.

TPS7058Background: Ruxolitinib (JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor) significantly improves outcomes in patients with myelofibrosis (MF); however, a subset of patients may experience a suboptimal response. Recent ...
Gold nanoparticle biodistribution in pregnant mice following intravenous administration varies with gestational age.

Abstract The use of nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver therapeutics to reproductive organs is an emerging approach to safely and effectively treat mothers and babies facing pregnancy complications. This study investigates the biodistribution of two different sized gold-based NPs in pregnant mice following systemic delivery as a function of gestational age. Poly(ethylene glycol)-coated 15 nm gold nanoparticles or 150 nm diameter silica core/gold nanoshells were intravenously administered to pregnant mice at gestational days (E)9.5 or 14.5. NP distribution was analyzed twenty-four hours later by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and silver staining of histological specimens. More NPs accumulated in placentas than embryos and delivery to these tissues was greater at E9.5 than E14.5. Neither NP type affected fetal weight or placental weight, indicating minimal short-term toxicity in early to mid-stage pregnancy. These findings warrant continued development of NPs as tools to deliver therapeutics to reproductive tissues safely.
Meritocracy in Academic Labor Markets: A Comparison of Three Fields

We analyze the pay of faculty members of economics, mathematics, and marketing departments at large public universities in the United States. Using the Web of Science, we have identified the journal articles published by these scholars and the number of times each of these articles has been cited by other scholars in published work. We find that the frequency of highly-cited papers, as measured by the Hirsch index, is a strong predictor of pay. Furthermore, we show that this impact varies significantly across these disciplines, with pay in economics being much more strongly linked to a professor’s publication success than is the case for the other fields. This pattern holds within departments and across departments.
Organizing for Positive Impact: Towards a theory of Triple Bottom Line Innovations

Organizations that seek to ‘do well by doing good’ depend on innovations that cater to the triple bottom line (TBL) - that is, innovations that simultaneously prioritize economic, social, and envir...
The changing landscape of the use of medical marijuana after traumatic brain injury: a narrative review.

To summarize the potential therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Cochran’s library for informat...
Millennium Development in Retrospect: Higher Education and the Gender Factor in Africa’s Development Beyond 2015

This chapter critically examines the conspicuous absence of higher education in the resolutions adopted in 2000 for the different MDGs and their subsequent implementation and evaluation. Ironically, while the MDGs target the female population, in most African countries higher education is characterized by a persistent under-representation of women in the system. This gender inequality in higher education is the source of developmental problems that the MDGs were set to address. It is argued that considering the role of higher education as a catalyst for holistic development, in discussing the post-MDGs and “a world without poverty,” the interface of democratic higher education and gender equity must be acknowledged in setting the new global engagement toward social progress.
Synthesis of ribonucleic acid in plants. II. Phosphate-32P incorporation into the ribonucleic acid of the pea epicotyls.

Abstract The uptake of phosphate- 32 P and its incorporation into TCA-precipitable material of the pea stem sections with time are reported. The data suggested that not all of the phosphate- 32 P taken up by the cells is readily available for incorporation into TCA-precipitable fraction. The incorporation of phosphate- 32 P into nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA of this plant tissue has been studied. The relative specific activity of cytoplasmic RNA was at most one-fifth that of the nuclear RNA in one hour incubation, one-half in 2 hours, and essentially equal to or higher than that of the nuclear RNA in 12 hours. The differences in the relative specific activities among fractions of mitochondria, microsome, and supernatant were small.
Giving Voice to Unaccompanied Children in Removal Proceedings

In the last century, hundreds of thousands of children have migrated alone to the United States. Others migrated with adults but became separated after their arrival. The reasons for their migration vary, but in many cases, war, poverty, and violence compel these children to seek refuge within our nation’s borders, often without their families. Throughout their journey on both sides of the border, these children are highly vulnerable to trafficking, abuse, and exploitation. In the United States, many are eventually apprehended, classified as an “unaccompanied alien child,” and prosecuted for violating immigration laws. Their prosecution leads the children into a confusing and complex legal labyrinth that even most lawyers do not understand. Alone and confused, most of the children who enter the system are ordered to return to the brutal conditions that compelled their migration in the first place, even though as many as forty percent of these children could have qualified for an exemption to deportation. This essay argues that it is time to give voice to all unaccompanied children caught in the labyrinth of America’s immigration system, regardless of their national origin and the nature of the legal proceeding. Meaningful legislative reform must be accomplished to mandate the appointment of both government-funded legal counsel and personal representatives to represent unaccompanied children, most urgently those in removal proceedings, so that their stories can be told and their voices can be heard.
Recursively defined complex objects

This paper proposes concepts for high-level extensions of database and programming languages in order to support abstract complex object representations. The basic idea is to allow for generalized, recursive definitions for complex object types which can be integrated in a high-level programming language type system.
Risk Valuation in the Presence of Risky Substitutes: An Application to Demand for Seafood

We attempt to value health risks by combining traditional demand impact analysis with direct elicitation of individuals' risk perceptions of food safety. We examine the impact of multiple risks of related goods on consumption of a risky good. We argue that the consumption of a risky good depends on both its absolute risk level and its relative risks to other risky goods. Seafood consumption in eastern North Carolina was studied. We elicited, in a survey, individual perceived risks as reference points to derive the economic value of reducing health risk in seafood consumption. Revealed and stated data were combined to trace out demand changes in response to absolute and relative risk reductions. Our results show that seafood consumption is affected by the perceived absolute risk and by the relative risk to poultry and that individuals react to the multiple risks in a nonlinear way, as was suggested by our analytical model.
Identification of a Mg2+-dependent protease in human placenta which cleaves hydrophobic folate-binding proteins to hydrophilic forms

Hydrophobic folate-binding proteins (FBPs), which are only 5-10 kDa larger than 40-kDa hydrophilic FBPs, bind significant quantities of Triton X-100 micelles and elute as apparent 160-kDa species on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration in Triton X-100. Detergent-solubilized placental membranes release a major (greater than 95%) 40-kDa hydrophilic FBP species as well as a minor apparent 160-kDa folate binding species when similarly analyzed. We tested the hypothesis that this recovery of predominantly hydrophilic FBPs was mediated by a putative hydrophobic FBP-specific placental protease. When placenta was solubilized in the presence of increasing concentrations of EDTA, there was a progressive increase in apparent 160-kDa folate binding moieties concomitant with a decrease in 40-kDa FBPs. At 20 mM EDTA, a single apparent 160-kDa folate binding species was recovered and the 40-kDa FBPs could not be detected by radioligand binding or specific radioimmunoassay. The apparent 160-kDa species specifically bound radiolabeled folates and were specifically immunoprecipitated by rabbit anti-40-kDa FBP antiserum. On 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by transfer to nitrocellulose and probing with anti-40-kDa FBP antiserum, the apparent 160-kDa FBPs electrophoresed as 45-kDa species. Detergent binding studies indicated that apparent 160-kDa FBPs were hydrophobic, thus accounting for the molecular weight discrepancy in gel filtration in Triton X-100 versus sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The EDTA-mediated inhibition of conversion of hydrophobic FBPs to hydrophilic FBPs by protease was reversed in a dose-dependent manner by Mg2+. If this protease is physiologically relevant, it could play an important regulatory role in folate transport by influencing the net number of hydrophobic FBPs on the cell surface.
Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients With Long-term Catheter Drainage

Long-term indwelling catheters constitute a risk factor for the development of bladder malignancy. We assessed prospectively by bladder biopsy and urine cytology 25 consecutive spinal cord injury patients catheterized for a minimum of 10 years. Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder were identified. Both patients with cancer had positive cytology findings and hematuria, suggesting that routine bladder biopsy in the asymptomatic patient may not be warranted. The high risk of malignancy (8 per cent) in these patients is yet another compelling reason to minimize the use of long-term indwelling catheters.
Changes in rhesus monkey fetal and maternal acid-base measurements following amniotic fluid bicarbonate or Tris infusions☆

Abstract From 44.6 to 133.8 mEq. of sodium bicarbonate was infused in single or divided increments into the amniotic cavities of 8 pregnant rhesus monkeys of between 133 and 158 days' gestational age. Increases in fetal umbilical vein pH, [HCO 3 − ], and whole blood buffer base indicated significant net transfers of bicarbonate from amniotic fluid to fetus. These changes preceded, and were larger than, any increases in the maternal compartment. The maximum increase in umbilical vein [HCO 3 − ] ranging from 3.4 to 35 mEq. per liter, in buffer base from 0.8 to 35 mEq. per liter, and in pH from 0.026 to 0.321 unit, took place between 30 and 85 minutes after the initial infusions were completed. Fetal death in utero followed equimolar Tris infusions in 2 experiments, probably secondary to the extreme alkalinity (pH > 9) of amniotic fluid after the addition of this organic buffer.
Participating despite questions: toward a more confident participatory technology assessment : commentary on: "Questioning 'participation': a critical appraisal of its conceptualization in a Flemish participatory technology assessment".

While the important challenges of public deliberations on emerging technologies are crucial to keep in mind, this paper argues that scholars and practitioners have reason to be more confident in their performance of participatory technology assessments (pTA). Drawing on evidence from the 2008 National Citizens’ Technology Forum (NCTF) conducted by the Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University, this paper describes how pTA offers a combination of intensive and extensive qualities that are unique among modes of engagement. In the NCTF, this combination led to significant learning and opinion changes, based on what can be characterized as a high-quality deliberation. The quality of the anticipatory knowledge required to address emerging technologies is always contested, but pTAs can be designed with outcomes in mind—especially when learning is understood as an outcome.
Portrayals of depression on Pinterest and why public relations practitioners should care

Abstract Using a quantitative content analysis, this study focused on how depression has been portrayed and communicated on Pinterest. Key findings include: Depression-focused pins elicited high response levels for repins, likes, and comments, and more than half of the pins expressed perception of depression as a severe disorder. Various coping mechanisms were present in the pins, with the dysfunctional coping strategy most prevalent. Implications for practitioners on how to utilize visual media platforms to effectively engage at-risk publics on health issues were discussed.
Intercomparison study of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry and fission track analysis of µBq quantities of 239Pu in synthetic urine

Even today, some Marshall Islanders are looking forward to permanentlyresettling their islands after five decades. The U.S. Department of Energyand the resettled residents require reasonable but cost-prudent assurancethat the doses to residents from residual 239Pu will not exceedrecognized international standards or recommendations, as estimated from theexcretion of 239Pu in urine. The goal of this study was to evaluatethe bias, uncertainty and sensitivity of analytical techniques that measure3–56 µBq 239Pu in synthetic urine. The analytical techniquesstudied in this work included inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,thermal ionization mass spectrometry and fission track analysis. The resultsof the intercomparison demonstrated that all three techniques were capableof making the measurements, although not with equal degree of bias and uncertainty.The estimated minimum detectable activity was 1 µBq of 239Puper synthetic urine sample. This exercise is also the first effort to certifytest materials of plutonium in the nBq . g –1 range.
EBV BMRF-2 facilitates cell-to-cell spread of virus within polarized oral epithelial cells

We previously reported that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BMRF-2 protein plays an important role in EBV infection of polarized oral epithelial cells by interacting with beta1 and alphav family integrins. Here we show that infection of polarized oral epithelial cells with B27-BMRF-2(low) recombinant virus, expressing a low level of BMRF-2, resulted in significantly smaller plaques compared with infection by parental B95-8 virus. BMRF-2 localized in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and basolateral sorting vesicles and was transported to the basolateral membranes of polarized epithelial cells. Mutation of the tyrosine- and dileucine-containing basolateral sorting signal, YLLV, in the cytoplasmic domain of BMRF-2 led to the failure of its accumulation in the TGN and its basolateral transport. These data show that BMRF-2 may play an important role in promoting the spread of EBV progeny virions through lateral membranes of oral epithelial cells.
Can hospital discharge diagnoses be used for intensive care unit administrative and quality management functions

Objective: To determine whether hospital discharge diagnoses can be used for intensive care unit (ICU)-related activities. Design: Comparison between the diagnoses coded by physicians at the time of ICU admission and those diagnoses coded by medical records personnel. Setting: University hospital adult surgical ICU. Patients: Consecutive ICU admissions (n = 622). Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The ICU admission and hospital discharge codes were compared in two ways. Initially, each discharge code was subtracted from the corresponding ICU admission code. There was no difference in 150 (24%) cases. In 216 (35%) patients, the codes differed by ±10. In 221 (36%) instances, the codes differed by >200. The secondary discharge diagnoses were also compared with the ICU admission diagnoses. In 56 patients, the ICU admission diagnosis was one of the secondary diagnoses. The second comparison involved having two physicians not associated with the study examine each pair of codes to determine if the two diagnoses were medically different. Review of the codes by physicians not involved in the study found that in 318 (48%) patients, the two diagnoses were not different, i.e., the codes were either the same or the codes were so similar as not to functionally change the actual diagnosis. Conclusions: The primary discharge diagnosis often failed to reflect the reason for ICU admission, making it impossible to consistently establish the reason for ICU admission from the discharge data. The reason for ICU admission was also frequently not included among the secondary discharge diagnoses. Administrative data are therefore not useful for ICU quality management and other functions. Intensivists need to establish their own databases.
Flow visualization of conical vortices on flat roofs with simultaneous surface pressure measurement

Abstract Wind tunnel and full-scale pressure studies of flow over low-rise buildings have repeatedly shown that on the roof, the largest mean and peak suction values are observed for taps beneath the conical “delta-wing type” corner vortices that occur for oblique winds. To better understand the flow mechanism which produces these negative pressure coefficients, a flow visualization study of conical vortex behaviour was performed in the wind tunnels of Colorado State University (CSU) and at full scale at Texas Tech University (TTU). The mean position and size of the vortices as a function of wind direction is presented. Pressures were also simultaneously measured beneath the vortex visualization plane in the wind tunnel for the worst case wind directions. These pressure profiles were correlated with the digitally enhanced images of the vortex flow. The greatest suction was found to follow directly beneath the moving vortex core. For smooth flow, the magnitude of the suction beneath the core was seen to vary inversely with the vortex size, but no relationship between vortex size and suction could be seen for turbulent flow.
Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, southern Nevada

Abstract Paleomagnetic and structural data from intermediate to mafic composition lava flows and related dikes in all major blocks of the late Miocene Hamblin–Cleopatra Volcano, which was structurally dismembered during the development of the Lake Mead Fault System (LMFS), provide limits on the magnitude and sense of tilting and vertical axis rotation of crust during extension of this part of the Basin and Range province. Sinistral separation along the fault system dissected the volcano into three major blocks. The eastern, Cleopatra Lobe of the volcano is structurally the most intact section of the volcano. Normal and reverse polarity data from paleomagnetic sites collected along traverses in the Cleopatra Lobe yield an in situ grand mean of Declination (D)=339°, Inclination (I)=+54°, α95=3.1°, k=27.2, N=81 sites. The rocks of the central core of the volcano yield an in situ grand mean of D=3°, I=+59°, α95=6.8°, k=42.5, N=11 sites (six normal, five reverse polarity). Sites collected within the western Hamblin Lobe of the volcano are exclusively of reverse polarity and yield an overall in situ mean of D=168°, I=−58°, α95=6.5°, k=28.9, N=18 sites. Interpretation of the paleomagnetic data in the context of the structural history of the volcano and surrounding area, considers the possibility of two different types of structural corrections. A stratigraphic tilt correction involves restoring flows to the horizontal using the present strike. This correction assumes no initial, possibly radial, dip of flows of the volcano and is considered invalid. A structural tilt correction to the data assumes that dikes of the radiating swarm associated with the volcano were originally vertical and results in block mean directions of D=9°, I=+53°, α95=3.1°, k=27.2, and D=58°, I=+78°, α95=6.8°, k=42.5, for the Cleopatra Lobe and the central intrusive core, respectively. The data from the Cleopatra Lobe are slightly discordant, in a clockwise sense, from expected middle- to late-Miocene field directions. The data from the volcano are not consistent with a proposed structural model of uniform, moderate magnitude, statistically significant, counter-clockwise vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks during overall sinsitral displacement along the LMFS. We also analyzed dikes of the northernmost part of the Miocene Wilson Ridge hypabyssal igneous complex, strata of the Triassic Chinle Formation, and basalt flows of the Miocene West End Wash/Callville Mesa volcanic centers. Dikes in the Wilson Ridge pluton and the Triassic strata yield magnetizations with directions suggestive of statistically significant, clockwise, vertical-axis rotations consistent with local, large-magnitude shear of crustal fragments near some of the faults of the LMFS. Late Cenozoic deformation of the Hamblin–Cleopatra volcano area appears to have been non-uniform in scale and magnitude and no single structural model, involving strictly strike-slip faulting, can account for the observed paleomagnetic data.
Risperidone in Children with Autism and Serious Behavioral Problems

Background Atypical antipsychotic agents, which block postsynaptic dopamine and serotonin receptors, have advantages over traditional antipsychotic medications in the treatment of adults with schizophrenia and may be beneficial in children with autistic disorder who have serious behavioral disturbances. However, data on the safety and efficacy of atypical antipsychotic agents in children are limited. Methods We conducted a multisite, randomized, double-blind trial of risperidone as compared with placebo for the treatment of autistic disorder accompanied by severe tantrums, aggression, or self-injurious behavior in children 5 to 17 years old. The primary outcome measures were the score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions — Improvement (CGI-I) scale at eight weeks. Results A total of 101 children (82 boys and 19 girls; mean [±SD] age, 8.8±2.7 years) were randomly assigned to receive risperidone (49 children) or placebo (52). Treat...
Gifted Children Benefit from Health Classes Accelerated to Their Needs.

Health education is an optimal route for informing individuals and groups about their bodies and preserving and protecting health. Gifted children have the same health needs regarding health as all children, but because of their accelerated intellectual abilities, their need for information may out-distance those of peers. This article reflects the experience of a nurse-educator who taught a special summer health course to a group of academically talented fourth and fifth graders. The children chose this class on their own and were enthusiastic with "hands-on" experiences of human functioning. Not only were these youngsters a challenge to work with, but their ability to master concepts quickly made the course a truly dynamic learning experience.
Cell Phone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Audio Instructions When Needed by Lay Rescuers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Study objective Given the ubiquitous presence of cellular telephones, we seek to evaluate the extent to which prerecorded audio cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions delivered by a cell telephone will improve the quality of CPR provided by untrained and trained lay rescuers. Methods We randomly assigned both previously CPR trained and untrained volunteers to perform CPR on a manikin for 3 minutes with or without audio assistance from a cell telephone programmed to provide CPR instructions. We measured CPR quality metrics—pauses (ie, no flow time), compression rate (minute), depth (millimeters), and hand placement (percentage correct)—across the 4 groups defined by being either CPR trained or untrained and receiving or not receiving cell telephone CPR instructions. Results There was no difference in CPR measures for participants who had or had not received previous CPR training. Participants using the cell telephone aid performed better compression rate (100/minute [95% confidence interval (CI) 97 to 103/minute] versus 44/minute [95% CI 38 to 50/minute]), compression depth (41 mm [95% CI 38 to 44 mm] versus 31 mm [95% CI 28 to 34 mm]), hand placement (97% [95% CI 94% to 100%] versus 75% [95% CI 68% to 83%] correct), and fewer pauses (74 seconds [95% CI 72 to 76 seconds] versus 89 seconds [95% CI 80 to 98 seconds]) compared with participants without the cell telephone aid. Conclusion A simple audio program that can be made available for cell telephones increases the quality of bystander CPR in a manikin simulation.
Prevalence of a Brugada Pattern Electrocardiogram in an Urban Population in the United States

Objective: To determine the prevalence of a Brugada-type pattern on routine electrocardiogram (ECG) in an urban population served by a tertiary medical center in the United States. Methods: The investigators reviewed the ECG database at the Montefiore Medical Center, a tertiary teaching center in the Bronx, New York, over a 10-year period. During this time, 653,006 ECG records in 162,590 patients were identified. The database was queried by applying standard diagnostic criteria in an attempt to identify records with apparent conduction delay and ST abnormality in leads V1–V3. Additional diagnostic criteria were then applied to identify records in an attempt to mimic Brugada-like changes. A cardiac electrophysiologist reviewed records meeting these criteria to confirm the presence of a Brugada-type pattern. Results: In total, 16,067 patients (9.8%) were identified as having ECGs with right bundle branch block, incomplete right bundle branch block, or RSR′ in leads V1 and V2. After applying additional diagnostic criteria evaluating ST segment shift, 456 patients were identified as having a pattern potentially consistent with a Brugada-type ECG. The presence of a Brugada-type pattern was confirmed by physician overread in 20 patients (0.012%). Conclusion: The Brugada-type ECG pattern is infrequently seen in a large ethnically diverse urban US population. Further evaluation should be considered when this pattern is seen on routine ECG.
Influence of surface ordering on the wetting of structured liquids

The substrate is shown to induce substantial ordering in diblock copolymer thin films above the bulk order-disorder transition (ODT) where, thermodynamically, a phase mixed state is favored. Initially, uniform films reorganize to form a hierarchy of transient surface patterns and stable film thicknesses that depend on the initial film thickness and on the substrate. Self-consistent field calculations of the free energy of the system for different situations, depending on the relative tendency for the different block components to be attracted to the substrate and/or free surface, provide an explanation of the formation of the stable film thicknesses. A continuum picture proposed earlier by Brochard et al.rovides an explanation of the wetting characteristics of this system. In some cases the ordering destabilizes the film so that dewetting occurs (wetting autophobicity), whereas in other cases the surface ordering results in a kinetic stabilization of a film that would otherwise dewet.
Revisiting Alabama state website accessibility

Abstract Potter's (2002) accessibility review of over 60 Alabama state-level websites was designed to establish a baseline for monitoring the state government's progress on online accessibility. The study found significant room for improvement. Only 20% of the reviewed sites met Section 508 requirements, and only 19% of the sites met WAI Priority 1 accessibility standards, based on a combination of automated evaluation and manual inspection of the code. In 2006, Alabama adopted ITS 1210-00S2: Universal Accessibility, which offered basic guidelines to assist developers in complying with Section 508 requirements. The current study revisits the state home pages that Potter evaluated to see how accessibility levels have changed over the years, particularly with the state's adoption of ITS-530S2. Like Potter, the current analysis is based on a combination of automated testing and a manual review of each page's HTML. The study found that compliance has not improved substantially since Potter's analysis and reinforces the idea that the presence of a standard does not correlate with compliance.
Steps for ARM and Trunk Actions of Overhead Forehand Stroke Used in Badminton Games across Skill Levels

The purpose of this study was to examine arm and trunk actions in overhead forehand strokes used in badminton games across skill levels. The participants were 80 students (40 boys, 40 girls) who were randomly selected from video recordings of 300 students ages 16 to 19 years. The videotaped performances of overhead forehand strokes were coded based on three steps of arm action (elbow flexion, elbow and humeral flexion, and upward backswing) and three steps of trunk action (no trunk action, forward-backward movement, and trunk rotation). Students across the four skill levels exhibited different patterns of arm and trunk actions. Students at advanced levels used more mature arm and trunk actions.
Expression of two actin genes during larval development in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

We report the first measurements of cell number, total RNA, and transcript accumulations for two actin genes during larval development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. At 5 weeks of feeding, when development of laboratory-raised larvae is completed, the cell number has increased about 100-fold with respect to the pluteus-stage embryo to about 150,000 ± 50,000, and the total RNA has increased 46-fold to about 130 ng per larva. The transcripts of the Cylla cytoskeletal actin gene, which is expressed in adult tissues, continue to accumulate throughout larval development. A contrasting pattern of transcript accumulation is observed for Cyllla, a different cytoskeletal actin gene that in the embryo is expressed only in aboral ectoderm. These transcripts increase in number early in larval development, when the larval epidermis is differentiating, and then decline in quantity. It is known that at metamorphosis the larval epidermis is largely histolyzed and that the Cyllla gene is not expressed in the juvenile or adult.
Why, When, and How are Real Options used in Strategic Technology Venturing?

This research is motivated by the role of real options as a risk management and uncertainty filtering methodology that helps minimize downside risk and maximize upside potential of a firm's investments. It seeks to answer “why, when and how are real options used in strategic technology venturing?” This research tests for the role of real options in decision making involving three types of firms in decreasing order of technology-dependence–technology-driven (where the profit is fully dependent on new technology creation and leveraging), technology-based (where the profit is enabled and supported by technology), and technology-neutral (where the profit is almost independent of technology). It also deals with strategic, tactical, and operational types of decisions driven by real options. Finally, this research assumes an environment (business ecosystem), where co-opetitive conditions trigger the use of real options (why), that serve to transform the position, posture, and propensity of businesses to innovate, and thus they co-evolve (when) into more effective and efficient forms of businesses (co-specialization) (how).
A macroscopic source of enthalpy—entropy compensation

Abstract The characteristics of enthalpy—entropy compensation seen in water can be reproduced by a simple model which considers only the thermal variation of the dielectric constant.
Performance analysis of MQAM with MRC over Nakagami-m fading channels

A method for computing the exact average symbol error probability (SEP) of the square M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) with maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity over independent and equal-correlated Nakagami-m fading channels with arbitrary fading index m is presented. Closed-form expressions are proposed for the average SEP over L independent diversity channels.
Dissociation and displacement: where goes the "ouch?".

Hypnosis is widely used to relieve pain. Current theory emphasizes its dissociative features. Multiple personality patients can eliminate pain in the primary personality by displacing it into underlying alters. The Hilgards demonstrated that normal hypnotized subjects can similarly dissociate pain into a covert cognitive structural system which they called the "hidden observer." The Watkins discovered that "hidden observers" appeared to be the same phenomenon as "ego states." "Ego-state theory" assumes that human personality develops through integration and differentiation. At one end of the continuum, "differentiation" is adaptive. Ego states possess relatively permeable boundaries as in normal moods. At the other end ego-state boundaries become less permeable. Normal "differentiation" becomes maladaptive "dissociation" and multiple personalities may be created. In the intermediate range of the differentiation/dissociation continuum, "covert" ego states can be found in many normal subjects who volunteer for hypnotic laboratory experiments. Normal individuals, like multiple personalities and "hidden observer" subjects, can displace (dissociate) pain into "covert" ego states. The pain is not eliminated. This suggests that when we remove pain by hypnosis we may not be getting away "scot-free."
Adhesive disbond detection using piezoelectric wafer active sensors

The aerospace industry continues to increase the use of adhesives for structural bonding due to the increased joint efficiency (reduced weight), even distribution of the load path and decreases in stress concentrations. However, the limited techniques for verifying the strength of adhesive bonds has reduced its use on primary structures and requires an intensive inspection schedule. This paper discusses a potential structural health monitoring (SHM) technique for the detection of disbonds through the in situ inspection of adhesive joints. This is achieved through the use of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS), thin unobtrusive sensors which are permanently bonded to the aircraft structure. The detection method discussed in this study is electromechanical impedance spectroscopy (EMIS), a local vibration method. This method detects disbonds from the change in the mechanical impedance of the structure surrounding the disbond. This paper will discuss how predictive modeling can provide valuable insight into the inspection method, and provide better results than empirical methods alone. The inspection scheme was evaluated using the finite element method, and the results were verified experimentally using a large aluminum test article, and included both pristine and disbond coupons.
Partial replacement of asphalt binder with bio-binder: characterisation and modification

This paper introduces bio-binder as a partial replacement for bituminous binder on highway and airport pavements. The proposed bio-binder is produced from the thermochemical conversion of swine manure. Bio-binder is then blended with virgin binder to produce bio-modified binder (BMB). In addition to being a renewable alternative for petroleum-based binder, the production and application of bio-binder may provide a solution for the management of swine manure waste. Furthermore, the application of bio-binder will improve asphalt binder's properties while reducing asphalt pavements' construction cost; the cost of bio-binder production is $0.54/gallon compared with that of asphalt binder $2/gallon. However, although the BMB has improved low-temperature properties, it may decrease the high-temperature grade of the binder. To address this concern, we in this paper investigate the feasibility of applying polyphosphoric acid into BMB. Using BMB in asphalt pavements can reduce mixing and compaction temperatures an...
What is Vulnerable During Fiscal Retrenchment

Using data for 70 countries in the 1980s, this study investigates the impact of socioeconomic and political characteristics of a country on the vulnerability of expenditure categories during budget cuts. Greater democracy is associated with less vulnerability of the social and productive sectors and with more vulnerability of the administrative/defense, infrastructure, and miscellaneous sectors. Political instability reduces the vulnerability of the social, administrative/defense, and miscellaneous sectors and increases that of the productive sector. Fiscal federalism increases the vulnerability of the infrastructure and administrative/defense sectors and reduces that of the productive sector. The relative size of the budget cuts is also a determining factor.
Transient thermoelastic fracture of interface cracks : effect of bending restraints

The behavior of an interface crack at the center and at the edge of a restrained, bimaterial structure subjected to transient thermal loads is studied. A linear, elastic fracture analysis is used to determine the effects of material property and layer thickness ratio on the transient strain energy release rates. Quantitative comparisons for a range of moduli one order of magnitude either side of equality are tabulated for equal sized material on either side of the crack in terms of the near tip displacements and strain energy release rates.
Deterring terrorists: Thoughts on a framework

Rather than abandoning deterrence as ineffective against terrorists, it can be redefined to deter moral, spiritual, educational, recruiting, and financial support by states or as a limited war against societal elements that provide assistance to WMD terrorist operations.
Echelle Calibration and Wavelength Calculation

Two methods for calibration and wavelength calculation for echelle spectrograms are discussed. The rough method employing ruler measurements on photographic enlargements has an accuracy of about 1 in 105. The accurate method using comparator measurements of Th standard lines and a computer routine has given an accuracy of 2 in 107 and promises greater precision for spectrograms obtained with modern echelle gratings.
Coping With Acute Stress in Sport: Linking Athletes' Coping Style, Coping Strategies, Affect, and Motor Performance

The primary purpose of this experiment was to test the extent to which highly skilled table tennis players used coping strategies that were consistent with their coping style, both of which were categorized as approach and avoidance, in response to performance-related sources of acute stress on a table tennis task. Competitive Australian male table tennis competitors ( N = 36), ages 19 to 35 years, attempted to strike a table tennis ball projected automatically by a machine from across the table. The primary results indicated significant correlations between the athletes' approach and avoidance coping styles and their respective use of coping strategies ( p <0.001) and that approach coping strategy was markedly related to increased negative affect ( p <0.001). An approach coping style was a significant predictor of performance on the first block of 20 trials, whereas a combination of positive affect, avoidance coping strategies, and negative affect best predicted performance on the second block of 30 tria...
The Labor Market Effects of High School Athletic Participation: Evidence From Wage and Fringe Benefit Differentials

This article provides new empirical evidence on the labor market effects of participating in high school athletics. The study uses the 1990 wave of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth data s...
Abstract 556: Extracellular sulfatase 2; enzymatic inhibition by OKN-007 a disulfonylphenyl nitrone with anticancer activity and other sulfamate and sulfone compounds

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) is an extracellular enzyme which catalyzes the removal of 6-O-sulfate groups on glucosamine from subregions of the glycosaminoglycan heparin sulfate. Sulf2 action alters the binding of protein ligand growth factors such as VEGF, FGF-2, TGF and SDF-1 to heparin and cellular receptors. Sulf2 is enriched in several tumors including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer and studies in experimental models have shown its action is important in cancer development. We have shown that PBN (α-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone) nitrones have anti-cancer activity in experimental cancer models including the rat choline deficiency liver cancer model, the mouse APCmin model of colon cancer and the rat C6 glioma model. Studies of the PBN derivative 2,4-disulfonylphenyl-tert-butylnitrone in the C6 glioma model showed that it has more potent anti-cancer activity in this model than PBN. We considered that the sulfonyl groups on OKN-007 acting to inhibit the activity of Sulf2 could account for its anti-cancer activity and therefore set up experiments to test this concept. We have shown that OKN-007 does inhibit Sulf2 at biological meaningful concentrations. In addition we have partially completed an MCF-7 xenograph study that indicates OKN-007 administered orally does suppress cancer growth in this model. We have also shown that another compound suramin that has 6 sulfonyl groups and has been shown to have anti-cancer activity also suppressed the enzymatic activity of Sulf2. In addition we have also tested some compounds that have sulfamate and sulfone functional groups and have found that they also show some activity in suppressing the enzymatic action of Sulf2. Studies are continuing to elucidate the significance of the action of OKN-007 on Sulf2. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 556. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-556