cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of body temperature and of respiration rate of swine with environmental temperature

Correlation analyses were carried out to determine relation of body temperature and respiration rate of three breeds of swine to the environmental temperature. Coefficients of regression were determined for a prediction equation of the form: $$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {y = a + b_1 x_1 + b_2 x_2 + b_3 x_3 + b_4 x_4 + b_5 x_5 } \\ {where,y = body temperature} \\ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {x_1 = respiration rate} \\ {x_2 = body weight} \\ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {x_3 = sex} \\ {x_4 = environmental temperature} \\ {x_5 = x_1 x_4 } \\ \end{array} } \\ \end{array} } \\ \end{array}$$
The number and size of the nerve fibers innervating the skin and muscles of the thigh in the frog (Rana virescens brachycephala, cope)

1 The innervation of the thigh in the American frog, Rana virescens, shows no marked variation from that of the European frog, Rana esculenta. 2 An enumeration of all the nerve fibers concerned in innervating the hind legs reveals only a slight numerical inequality for the two sides. 3 The nerve fibers concerned in the innervation of the skin and muscles of the thigh are more numerous and of greater average caliber than those innervating the remainder of the leg. Hence in the leg of the frog the fibers of greater diameter run the shorter course. 4 The nerve fibers to the muscles of the thigh surpass both in number and average diameter those which supply the skin of the thigh. 5 From the results of enumeration we conclude that of the fibers which innervate the thigh about 8% divide, one division passing in the main trunk of the sciatic nerve at least to the level S2 (Fig. II), distal to the last branch of the sciatic nerve. Direct observation reveals some large fibers dividing dichotomously where the branches from the sciatic to the thigh are given off. They are sufficient in number to render the explanation probably correct. 6 The cutaneous nerve fibers of the thigh bear to the cutaneous area which they supply a relation of one fiber to each 1.13-1.58 square millimeter of this area.
Kondo hole states in Kondo insulators

A Kondo hole is the charge neutral substitution of a rare earth ion by a nonmagnetic analog. We consider an isolated Kondo hole in a Kondo insulator described by the nondegenerate symmetric Anderson lattice in the Kotliar and Ruckenstein mean-field approximation in terms of four slave bosons per site. Each Kondo hole introduces a boundstate into the hybridization gap. Isolated Kondo holes have magnetic properties. A finite concentration gives rise to an impurity band in the gap and increases the gap of the semiconductor.
Icesat lidar and global digital elevation models: applications to desdyni

Geodetic control is extremely important in the production and quality control of topographic data sets, enabling elevation results to be referenced to an absolute vertical datum. Global topographic data with improved geodetic accuracy achieved using global Ground Control Point (GCP) databases enable more accurate characterization of land topography and its change related to solid Earth processes, natural hazards and climate change. The multiple-beam lidar instrument that will be part of the NASA Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI) mission will provide a comprehensive, global data set that can be used for geodetic control purposes. Here we illustrate that potential using data acquired by NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICEsat) that has acquired single-beam, globally distributed laser altimeter profiles (± 86o) since February of 2003 [1, 2]. The profiles provide a consistently referenced elevation data set with unprecedented accuracy and quantified measurement errors that can be used to generate GCPs with sub-decimeter vertical accuracy and better than 10 m horizontal accuracy. Like the planned capability for DESDynI, ICESat records a waveform that is the elevation distribution of energy reflected within the laser footprint from vegetation, where present, and the ground where illuminated through gaps in any vegetation cover [3]. The waveform enables assessment of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with respect to the highest, centroid, and lowest elevations observed by ICESat and in some cases with respect to the ground identified beneath vegetation cover. Using the ICESat altimetry data we are developing a comprehensive database of consistent, global, geodetic ground control that will enhance the quality of a variety of regional to global DEMs. Here we illustrate the accuracy assessment of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM produced for Australia, documenting spatially varying elevation biases of several meters in magnitude.
LOCAL RESOURCE COMPETITION AND FACULTATIVE ADJUSTMENT OF SEX RATIOS IN RELATION TO COMPETITIVE ABILITIES

I have suggested that local resource competition and male dispersal may generally lead to (1) intense competition among females for resources and reproductive opportunities, (2) limiting the recruitment of females, (3) extensive maternal investment in vulnerable female offspring, and (4) facultative adjustment of the sex ratio of progeny in relation to maternal competitive abilities. This argument appears to be consistent with evidence drawn from several species of macaques and baboons. The size of groups appears to be limited by the availability of resources; females actively compete over access to resources, and limit the number of females born and raised in their groups through the effective harassment of females carrying female fetuses and immature females. In response to such harassment, females appear to invest more in their daughters than sons, and to adjust the sex ratio of their progeny in relation to the expected reproductive success of their sons and daughters. High ranking females whose female...
Sensory Biofuel Cell for Self-Sustained Glucose Sensing in Healthcare Applications for Diabetes Patients

In biosensor design, sensor for blood-glucose-level detection is one of the elementary concepts. Many research groups have reported opto-electro-mechanical and biomimetic techniques for glucose sensing based on nanomaterials. (1) However, the popular commercialized techniques involve drawing blood samples and in-vitro processing. An implantable sensor requires energy source for operation with wire in-out provision for acquiring power and sending signals. Needless to say, the limitation for such a glucose sensor is alimentary rather than elementary. The problem requires innovative design to develop sustainable ensemble of bio-energy harvesting, sensing and telemetry components. The study, reported in this article, is directed towards developing a sensor-fuel cell technology with the potential of miniaturization for implants. The device design is a combination of nano-engineered composites and flexible thin film processing to achieve high density packaging. Of which, the end goal is simultaneous generation-transmission of sensory signals and production of energy.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Chronic Imipramine Administration Alters the Activity and Phosphorylation State of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Dopaminergic Regions of Rat Brain

In the present study the influence of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, on the expression and function of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in dopaminergic rat brain regions was examined. Chronic administration of imipramine (18 days) decreased levels of TH enzyme activity in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN), dopaminergic cell body regions, as well as in caudate-putamen (CP), nucleus accumbens (ACB), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and olfactory tubercle (OT), dopaminergic terminal fields. These effects were dependent on chronic drug treatment, as imipramine administration for 1 or 7 days did not significantly influence levels of TH activity in either SN or VTA. In contrast to drug regulation of enzyme activity, chronic imipramine treatment did not decrease levels of TH immunoreactivity in any of the dopaminergic cell body or terminal field regions studied, although levels of TH immunoreactivity were decreased in locus coeruleus (LC) as previously reported. However, imipramine treatment increased levels of TH back phosphorylation in VTA, suggesting that the antidepressant-induced decrease in levels of TH activity is a result of decreased phosphorylation of the enzyme. These results demonstrate that imipramine treatment regulates levels of TH enzyme activity in dopaminergic brain regions, and may account for some of the previously observed effects of these drugs on dopaminergic function. Finally, imipramine regulation of TH enzyme activity in VTA and immunoreactivity in LC was observed in Sprague Dawley, but not Wistar rats, demonstrating that different rat strains exhibit different biochemical responses to antidepressant treatment.
Linear models, random censoring and synthetic data

SUMMARY Estimators for the linear model in the presence of censoring are available. A new extension of the least-squares estimator to censored data is equivalent to applying the ordinary least-squares estimator to synthetic times, time constructed by magnifying the gaps between successive order statistics. Under suitable regularity conditions, the synthetic data estimator is Fisher consistent and asymptotically normal. Examples facilitate com- parison of the synthetic data estimator with estimators proposed by Buckley & James (1979) and by Koul, Susarla & Van Ryzin (1981). The entire lifetime of a person, a machine, a plant or an animal is not always observable. Some lifetimes may be censored, in that only a lower bound for the lifetime is recorded. Statisticians are often interested in modelling the distribution of the true lifetimes as a function of covariates. When censoring is present, a proportional hazards model is often used. When there is no censoring, linear models are often used for ad hoc modelling of dependent variables. Miller & Halpern (1982) survey the methods that have been proposed for the linear model in the presence of censoring. This paper describes a closed-form method which is consistent and asymptotically normal. This method incorporates censor- ing in a natural way. Section 2 formulates classical least-squares estimation in a manner that generalizes to accommodate random right censoring. Section 3 gives some theoretical results for the simplest nontrivial linear model, the two sample case. Section 4 contains examples and the final section discusses the role of this estimator. The covariate vector of the ith person will be denoted by xi, and usually includes one as the first component. The true lifetime Yi follows a linear model if its conditional distribution given xi is
The effect of temperature induced surface tension gradients on bubble mechanics

Experiments were conducted to examine in detail the influence of surface tension gradient induced flow, the Marangoni effect. One set of studies provided visual results that demonstrated the occurrence and magnitude of the Marangoni effect. Another portion of the work was directed to bubble force measurements. These studies used the deflection of a very fine cantilevered wire with an attached bubble as a means of measuring force with and without temperature gradients. The experimental force data were found to check existing theoretical predictions reasonably well except for the case where the test fluid had a sizeable vapor pressure. In this situation the thermophoretic force on the bubble was much higher than predicted. The excess force was due to an evaporation and condensation process resulting from vapor pressure differences around the bubble surface.
The Mentor-Intern Relationship: Making the Most of Learning from Experience.

How can mentors and interns make the most of learning from their experience by observing and providing feedback to one anoth er? The suggestions provided here are based on the experi ences of professors at Indiana Uni versity, where these strategies are being incorporated into a Dan orth Foundation-sponsored princi pal preparation program.
A case oriented research strategy as a comparative method

Abstract A case oriented research comparative strategy was explored as the most parsimonious means to study family policy in highly complex social phenomena in which there exist great degrees of diversity in family values, structure and behavior and yet addresses the unique and distinct needs of families in policy development. A case oriented research strategy examines cases as wholes: combinations of experiences to produce generalizations about relationships, for example, within and between multi-level functions inherent in policy systems; notably, macro-level policy planning and development; program planning and management and project planning and projects. A case oriented research strategy does not attempt to understand or interpret specific empirical outcomes on any one policy level in a small number of cases or in an empirically defined set of cases. Variables intrinsic in three multi-level functions and dimensions of choice constitute the universal elements that comprised a case strategy. Each multi...
Computational and experimental study of a laminar axisymmetric methane-air diffusion flame

We investigate experimentally and computationally the structure of a two-dimensional, axisymmetric, laminar, methane-air diffusion flame in which a cylindrical fuel stream is surrounded by a coflowing oxidizer jet. Experimentally, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is used to generate profiles of the major species. The temperature is determined from the number density of the species. Computationally, we develop a detailed chemistry, complex transport combustion model to predict the temperature, velocity and species concentrations as a function of the two coordinate directions. Unlike some models in which diffusion in the axial direction is neglected, we treat the fully elliptic problem. Results of the study include 1) a detailed quantitative description of the fluid dynamic-thermochemistry structure of the flame 2) an illustration of the applicability of partial equilibrium/full equilibrium chemistry approximations in diffusion flames and 3) an assessment of mole fraction versus mixture fraction correlations for flamelet models of turbulent combustion.
Vegetation and primary production in a floating freshwater marsh in Louisiana

Abstract The freshwater floating marsh surrounding Lake Boeuf, LA, is a diverse plant community dominated by Panicum hemitomon Schult. (maidencane), with the ferns Thelypteris palustris Schott. and Osmunda regalis L. and the perennial vines Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. and Polygonum sagittatum L. Using the method of Lomnicki et al., we determined net aboveground primary production to be ∼ 1960 g m −2 y −1 dry weight. The turnover rate, based on the mean longevity of tagged maidencane culms, was 1.21 crops per year.
Relationships between melt-induced rheological transitions and finite strain: Observations from host rock pendants of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, Sierra Nevada, California

Abstract Finite strain analysis in the northern (Piute Meadow pendant (PMP)) and eastern (Saddlebag Lake pendant (SLP)) host rock pendants of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (TIS) reveals plane strain geometries in the pendants and a steep strain gradient in the SLP. Average regional z -axis shortening in both pendants is ca. 43% and increases to ca. 70 and 85% in the SLP within ca. 100 m to the pluton contact. Microstructures in the SLP adjust to increasing temperatures and partial melting near the margin. Beyond the pluton margin, weakly elongate quartz grains with lobate grain boundaries, patchy to sweeping undulose extinction, deformation bands, and incipient subgrains are consistent with low-temperature dislocation creep. Towards the margin, quartz grain boundaries become increasingly irregular and display “chessboard” patterns indicating high-temperature dislocation creep. Grain size is markedly smaller near the margin and despite large finite strain grains do not show evidence for crystal-plastic deformation. Cuspate strain-free interstices are interpreted to mimic former anatectic melt. Outcrop-scale migmatization, coincidence with abruptly increasing finite strain, and microfracturing towards the margin implies that fracture-induced mechanical grain size reduction may have triggered the transition to melt-assisted granular flow, ultimately resulting in drastic rheological weakening.
Evolution of permease diversity and energy-coupling mechanisms: An introduction

Abstract In this Forum, a number of apparently unrelated permeases are discussed which couple different forms of energy to solute transport. While the energy-coupling mechanisms utilized by the different permease classes are clearly distinct, it is proposed, based on structural comparisons, that many of these permeases possess transmembrane, hydrophobic domains which are evolutionarily related. Carriers may have arisen from transmembrane pore-forming proteins, and the protein constituents or domains which are specifically responsible for energy coupling may have had distinct origins. Thus, complex permeases may possess mosaic structures. The mechanistic implications of this proposal are presented. Five distinct mechanisms are known to be responsible for the transport of hydrophilic organic molecules across the cytoplasmic membranes of living cells: (1) facilitated diffusion mediated by non-specific pore-forming integral membrane proteins, such as the glycerol facilitator of Escherichia coli; (2) facilitated diffusion catalysed by single-species stereospecific facilitators, such as the glucose carrier of the human red blood cell; (3) chemiosmotically-coupled active transport catalysed by two-species facilitators, such as the lactose:H + or the melibiose:Na + symporter of E. coli; (4) chemically driven active transport catalysed, for example, by the multicomponent periplasmic binding-protein-dependent transport systems such as the maltose, histidine or oligopeptide permease of enteric bacteria; and (5) group translocation catalysed by the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent, sugar-phosphorylating phosphotransferase system (Saier and Boyden, 1984; Saier, 1985). Mutants analyses and sequence comparisons as well as functional consideration
Labile trace elements in basaltic achondrites: Can they distinguish between meteorites from the Moon, Mars, and V‐type asteroids?

We report data for 14 mainly labile trace elements (Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U, and Zn) in eight whole-rock lunar meteorites (Asuka [A-] 881757, Dar al Gani [DaG] 262, Elephant Moraine [EET] 87521, Queen Alexandra Range [QUE] 93069, QUE 94269, QUE 94281, Yamato [Y-] 793169, and Y-981031), and Martian meteorite (DaG 476) and incorporate these into a comparative study of basaltic meteorites from the Moon, Mars, and V-type asteroids. Multivariate cluster analysis of data for these elements in 14 lunar, 13 Martian, and 34 howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites demonstrate that materials from these three parents are distinguishable using these markers of late, low-temperature episodes. This distinguishability is essentially as complete as that based on markers of high-temperature igneous processes. Concentrations of these elements in 14 lunar meteorites are essentially lognormally distributed and generally more homogeneous than in Martian and HED meteorites. Mean siderophile and labile element concentrations in the 14 lunar meteorites indicate the presence of a CI-equivalent micrometeorite admixture of 2.6%. When only feldspathic samples are considered, our data show a slightly higher value of 3.4% consistent with an increasing micrometeorite content in regolith samples of higher maturity. Concentrations of labile elements in the 8 feldspathic samples hint at the presence of a fractionated highly labile element component, possibly volcanic in origin, at a level comparable to the micrometeorite component. Apparently, the process(es) that contributed to establishing lunar meteorite siderophile and labile trace element contents occurred in a system open to highly labile element transport.
Performance impact of dynamic parallelism on different clustering algorithms

In this paper, we aim to quantify the performance gains of dynamic parallelism. The newest version of CUDA, CUDA 5, introduces dynamic parallelism, which allows GPU threads to create new threads, without CPU intervention, and adapt to its data. This effectively eliminates the superfluous back and forth communication between the GPU and CPU through nested kernel computations. The change in performance will be measured using two well-known clustering algorithms that exhibit data dependencies: the K-means clustering and the hierarchical clustering. K-means has a sequential data dependence wherein iterations occur in a linear fashion, while the hierarchical clustering has a tree-like dependence that produces split tasks. Analyzing the performance of these data-dependent algorithms gives us a better understanding of the benefits or potential drawbacks of CUDA 5’s new dynamic parallelism feature.
Three Decades of Marketing Academic Input at the Federal Trade Commission: Contributions to Research, Policy Making, and Litigation

The authors' long-term involvement with Federal Trade Commission (FTC) attorneys and economists has enabled them to play an ongoing role in FTC matters. They have conducted scores of surveys, testified frequently as expert witnesses, and written numerous reports that have informed FTC decision making. The authors classify their input into four areas: (1) prelitigation, (2) litigation, (3) policy making, and (4) evaluation, and they describe their contributions in each area. As a result of such involvement and the work of others, marketing academic input has played and continues to play an important role in the agency's proceedings.
Air-surface exchange of gaseous mercury over a mixed sawgrass-cattail stand within the Florida Everglades.

The Florida Everglades Dry Deposition Study (FEDDS) was conducted to test newly developed measurement techniques used to quantify the dry-deposition of speciated mercury to the Florida Everglades ecosystem. One component of FEDDS employed micrometeorological and dynamic flux chamber techniques to study the air−surface exchange of gaseous elemental mercury over a mixed sawgrass/cattail marsh within Water Conservation Area 3. These measurements provided information related to the magnitudes of, and processes associated with, the bi-directional flux of gaseous elemental mercury within this ecosystem for use in the development of a canopy-scale mercury dry deposition model. During the 2000 FEDDS study period, on average elemental gaseous mercury was emitted from the ecosystem during the daytime (16 ± 30 ng m-2 h-1), with deposition observed at night (−1 ± 4 ng m-2 h-1). The measured fluxes followed a diurnal pattern and were positively correlated with ambient temperature, solar radiation, and water vapor flux...
Coefficient of cross correlation and the time domain correspondence

Time histories of neuromuscular and mechanical variables of human motion are often compared by using discrete timing events (onset, offset, time to peak, zero crossing, etc). The determination of these discrete timing points is often subjective and their interpretation can cause confusion when attempting to compare patterns. In this technical note, cross correlation and the 95% confidence interval of its maximum value are proposed as an objective means of pattern recognition and comparison. EMG patterns of cycling at different cadences were used as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this cross correlation method in identification of changes between conditions. Using a standard method of threshold identification, different onset and offset values can be found by using different thresholds, and the sequence of the offset timings between conditions can change. This is a clear indication of the inherent subjectivity with these discrete timing methods. In contrast, calculation of cross correlation for incremental phase shifts permits the identification of a maximal value that is an objective measure of the actual phase shifting between the two time series. Further, calculation of the 95% confidence interval allows one to determine whether the phase shifting is statistically significant. The application of this method is not limited to EMG pattern comparison, and can also be applied to other time histories such as kinematic and kinetic parameters of human motion.
Age modification of the association of lipoprotein, lipid, and lipoprotein ratio with carotid intima-media thickness (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA]).

Multiple studies have demonstrated an age-related attenuation in risk associations of lipoproteins and lipoprotein ratios with cardiovascular disease events. We recently reported a similar age-related attenuation in risk associations of lipoproteins and lipoprotein ratios with coronary artery calcium. We assessed risk associations of lipoproteins and lipoprotein ratios with carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), which has not been reported previously. We performed multivariable linear regression using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). MESA participants were community-dwelling adults 45 to 84 years of age without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease at baseline, and 4,961 met inclusion criteria for these analyses. In fully adjusted models, differences in CIMT were similar across the MESA age spectrum, with differences in internal CIMT per SD increase in low-density lipoprotein of 0.037 mm (95% confidence interval 0.018 to 0.055) for those 45 to 54 years old and 0.087 mm (95% confidence interval 0.027 to 0.146) for those 75 to 84 years old (p for interaction = 0.2). Similarly, the difference in internal CIMT per SD increase in the total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was 0.029 mm (95% confidence interval 0.009 to 0.049) for those 45 to 54 years old and 0.101 mm (95% confidence interval 0.033, 0.169) for those 75 to 84 years old (p for interaction = 0.03). In general, risk associations of lipoproteins and lipoprotein ratios were associated with similar differences in CIMT across all age categories. In conclusion, abnormal lipoproteins and lipoprotein ratios in middle-aged and older patients are powerful risk factors for early atherosclerosis as manifested by an increased CIMT.
ON SOME CHILOPODS AND DIPLOPODS FROM NORTH CAROLINA

In several small collections of myriopods recently made in North Carolina, and chiefly in the Duke Forest at Durham, by Mrs. Nelle Bevel Causey, and by her transmitted to me for identification, occur representatives of the species listed below. The purpose of the present paper is primarily to diagnose the several new forms represented; bur because of the interest of some of the other records it seems desirable to give the complete list here as supplementary to the catalogue of forms previously known from the region. The types of the new species are retained in the author's collection.
The length of the anal canal.

The authors measured the length of the surgical anal canal (anorectal ring to anal verge) in 108 men and 103 women; the age ranged from 18 to 90 years (average 59 years). The average length of the surgical anal canal was 4.2 cm (range 3.0–5.3 cm). In men the average length was 4.4 cm (range 3.2–5.3 cm) compared with the average length of 4.0 cm (range 3.0–5.0 cm) in women (P 0.1).
Hatchling painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) survive exposure to subzero temperatures during hibernation by avoiding freezing

Hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) were placed individually into artificial nests constructed in jars of damp soil and then were cooled slowly to temperatures between-7.7 and-12.7 °C. Distinct exotherms were recorded in all jars when water in the soil began to freeze at temperatures between-0.9 and-2.4 °C. A second (animal) exotherm was subsequently detected in some of the jars when water in hatchlings also began to freeze. An animal exotherm occurred in the temperature records for all 23 hatchlings that died in tests terminating at temperatures between-7.7 and-10.8 °C, but no such exotherm was apparent in the temperature records for the 23 turtles that survived these treatments. Moreover, the 4 hatchlings that produced exotherms in tests terminating between-11.5 and-12.7 °C failed to survive, but 5 of 7 hatchlings that produced no exotherm in these tests also died. Thus, turtles that die at subzero temperatures above-11 °C apparently succumb to freezing when ice propagates across their integument from the frozen soil, but animals that die at temperatures below-11 °C generally perish from some other cause. These findings indicate that hatchling painted turtles overwintering inside their shallow, subterranean nests survive exposure to subzero temperatures by avoiding freezing instead of by tolerating freezing.
Biological treatment of a soil contaminated with diesel fuel using periodically operated slurry and Solid Phase Reactors

A silty clay loam contaminated with diesel fuel was treated in the laboratory using periodically operated slurry and solid phase bioreactors. Soil Slurry-Sequencing Batch Reactors (SS-SBRs) were operated with a 40% solids concentrations (w/v) to determine the effect of hydraulic residence time and volumetric replacement strategy on performance. Solid Phase-Sequencing Batch Reactors (SP-SBRs) were operated with the same silty clay loam artificially contaminated with diesel fuel. Different periodic aeration strategies were investigated in the SP-SBRs in an attempt to minimize volatile losses without sacrificing overall removal efficiency. Results showed that a day 10 HRT in the SS-SBRs was optimal for the soil tested. The rate and extent of diesel fuel removal was increased by providing a higher concentration of diesel fuel at the beginning of the SBR cycle, indicating that removal rates are not zero-order. The findings also showed that a properly operated periodic venting strategy produced high overall removal efficiencies with considerably less volatilization than continuous aeration.
OBSERVATIONS ON PINHOLING IN CAST WARE1

Some effects of foreign matter, dampness, ball clay content, sponging, dust and drying are shown on pinholing in cast ware.
Residual Toxicity of Four Insecticides Used for Control of Citrus Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Three Beneficial Species in a Citrus Agroecosystem

Impact of field residues of four insecticides (acephate, dimethoate, formetanate hydrochloride and sabadilla) commonly used in California for control of citrus thrips ( Scirtothrips citri ) was evaluated for three species of natural enemies ( Aphytis melinus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri , and Euseius stipulatus ) that are important biological control agents on citrus. Foliage samples were collected at regular intervals from pesticide-sprayed trees, and analyses for toxic extracuticular residues and bioassays for 48-h acute effects were performed. Of the three species tested, E. stipulatus appeared the most susceptible and C. montrouzieri the least susceptible. Acephate had the longest residual impact on A. melinus and C. montrouzieri; formetanate had the longest impact on E. stipulatus . Mortalities in the dimethoate treatment occurred for a shorter period of time than in the acephate treatment for all species. A. melinus mortalities in the formetanate treatment were similar to those in the dimethoate treatment Mortalities of C. montrouzieri in the formetanate treatment were very low. Sabadilla residues showed little toxicity to the species tested.
Nitrogen Pools in Taproots of Medicago sativa L. After Defoliation

Summary Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) accumulates organic reserves in taproots that are thought to be used as substrates for newly developing shoots after defoliation. Two experiments were conducted to determine if specific N pools in taproot tissues undergo depletion and reaccumulation following defoliation. In Exp. 1, bark tissues of taproots of ‹Hi-Phy› alfalfa had higher concentrations of total N, soluble NH 2 -N and buffer-soluble protein than did wood tissues. Concentrations of these N pools declined in both tissues after defoliation and then reaccumulated after 21 d of regrowth. In Exp. 2, two genotypes differed in concentration of N-containing pools, although trends following defoliation of both genotypes were similar to those observed in Exp. 1. ASP + ASN were the most prevalent of the amino acids found in bark and wood tissues, together comprising approximately 50% of the total amino acid pool. Concentration of the ASP + ASN pool declined markedly in roots following defoliation, while concentrations of other amino acids (LEU, ILE, TYR, and PHE) increased. Characterization of buffer-soluble proteins using SDS-PAGE indicated that specific proteins with molecular masses of 15 and 19 kDa were depleted, especially in bark tissues, as soluble protein concentrations declined. The depletion of specific amino acids and certain buffer-soluble proteins from taproots during regrowth of defoliated alfalfa suggests that these N-pools may be utilized as a source of N during foliar regrowth after defoliation.
Modeling the modal choice decision process

Most models of modal choice are macroanalytic in nature — focusing on the behavior of large groups of travelers — and have limited explanatory power. Transportation managers need to know more about the decision processes of individual travelers in selecting a mode for a particular trip, if they are to be able to develop strategies for influencing these decisions. A microanalytic model of modal choice is therefore developed in flow-chart form, clarifying the stages in the modal choice decision process for any given trip. Individual consumers are seen as trying to satisfy a particular travel need by first specifying the characteristics of the trip itself and then specifying the “ideal” modal attributes required for this trip. Next, the perceived characteristics of a limited number of modes are evaluated against this “ideal” solution and the consumer is assumed to select that mode which provides the best match. The model explicitly recognizes the impact of psychological variables on modal choice as well as the consumer's need for information if he or she is to evaluate realistically all alternatives.
A study of fluidized bed combustion of propane and methyl chloride mixtures

A study of the fluidized bed combustion of methyl chloride/propane mixtures was conducted to examine what processes may be important when FBCs are used to incinerate hazardous wastes. Methyl chloride represents a model hazardous waste, while propane represents a model auxiliary fuel. Although methyl chloride has been studied extensively in the past in fundamental experiments, methyl chloride combustion in FBCs has only been studied to a limited extent. The reactor used in the experiments was a 12.5 cm I. D., 152 cm long, stainless steel FBC, operated in the atmospheric, bubbling mode. The bed used was 500 μm sand with a slumped height of 8 cm. Inlet air temperature, equivalence ratio, and chlorine loading (Cl/H, molar) were varied to study their effects on combustor temperatures and emission of CO, CO 2 , NO, NO x , hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The data suggests a dramatic change in the overall performance of an FBC as the combustion moves from within the bed to the bed surface (overbed ignitions). Overbed ignitions were found to increase as equivalence ratio and/or chlorine loading increased. Combustion occurred later in the bed as chlorine loading increased because of the inhibition effect of increased chlorine content in the system. The overbed ignition phenomena caused a decrease in the destruction efficiency of methyl chloride, an increase in NO x levels, an increase in the number of volatile byproducts detected, and an increase in the concentrations of these byproducts. Methane was the most abundant of the hydrocarbon and chlorinated hydrocarbon species detected at all conditions; acetylene became an important byproduct when chlorine was added to the system. Comparison with the work of other investigators suggests that the use of an auxiliary fuel is important to obtain high destruction efficiencies (measured in the range 94.65–99.99% in this study).
The structures and vibrational frequencies of small clusters of transition metal and main group elements A gradient corrected density functional study

Abstract We applied density functional theory to calculate the lowest energy states and the most stable conformations of Ag 3 , Ag 4 , Cr 3 , Cr 4 , Cu 3 , Mn 3 , Ni 3 , P 4 , Sc 3 , Si 4 , Ta 4 . We also calculated the vibrational frequencies for the low lying states of the most stable conformations. We compared the calculated data to the available experimental data and to other theoretical studies.
Environmental calcium and hypocalcin activity in the Stannius corpuscles of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

Abstract Stannius corpuscle homogenates from the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), produced a significant hypocalcemia in male killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus L., adapted to artificial calcium-deficient sea water. Homogentes from catfish adapted to calcium enriched fresh water had higher activities than those from calfish adapted to low calcium fresh water. It is suggested here that in the calcium rich environments, the glands contained more hypocalcin, the active hypocalcemic principle(s) in Stannius corpuscles of fishes (Pang et al. , 1974).
271 THE EFFECT OF ACUTE EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME EXPANSION ON MTOCARDIAL GLYCOGEN IN THE NEWBORN RAT

271 THE EFFECT OF ACUTE EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME EXPANSION ON MTOCARDIAL GLYCOGEN IN THE NEWBORN RAT
On Radiative Corrections for Electron Scattering

A relativistic treatment of the radiative correction of order $\frac{{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}c}$ to the elastic scattering cross section leads to the following results: (a) For the scattering in an electrostatic field of a particle described by the Pauli-Weisskopf theory, the correction is finite and is given by (3). (b) For the scattering of a Dirac electron in an electrostatic field, the correction diverges logarithmically and is positive. (c) The convergence or divergence of the correction depends critically on the type of scattering potential considered.
Electroreflectance observation of localized and itinerant electron states in NiO

Abstract We have observed electroreflectance spectra in NiO at 6 eV which we believe represent transitions from the oxygen 2 p derived valence band to the nickel 4 s derived conduction band. We also observe the spectrum seen earlier by McNatt near 4 eV but interpret it differently in terms of transitions from the localized 3 d 8 state to the 4 s band. These interpretations are consistent with the recent model of Adler and Feinleib.
Moral Stance and Agency in Schooling Narratives

In this paper I employ conversational narrative analysis to show how linguistic resources are used to convey agency and moral stance in two women's narratives. I analyze how they progress from dropping-out narratives to first-days narratives while negotiating returning-to-school narratives. Results indicate that these women's narratives changed from portraying themselves as helpless victims in which they did not orient to goodness due to someone else's action (dropping-out narratives) to perceiving themselves as active, ergative agents. The episodes analyzed were selected from life history interviews conducted in July, 2003
Effects of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone to aripiprazole on 10-year coronary heart disease risk and metabolic syndrome status: Results from a randomized controlled trial

Purpose This study examined the clinical significance of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole by examining changes in predicted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and metabolic syndrome status. FRS estimates 10-year risk of “hard” coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes (myocardial infarction and coronary death) while metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of CVD, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Absolute vs Relative Performance Rating Formats: Implications for fairness and organizational justice

The choice of performance rating format may influence employees' fairness perceptions. Participants in two studies, one consisting of 208 participants and the other of 393 participants, evaluated the fairness of common relative and absolute rating formats. The participants in the second study also evaluated the fairness of two rating formats, one absolute and one relative, presented in organizational contexts of varying procedural and distributive justice. Results indicate that not only are absolute formats perceived as more fair than relative formats, but differences in fairness perceptions also occur among relative and absolute formats. Furthermore, it appears that rating format influences procedural justice, especially when outcomes are perceived as fair. Implications for organizations' appraisal practices are discussed.
Developmental changes of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase subunit levels in erythrocytes from normal dogs and dogs affected by glycogen storage disease type VII

Abstract 1. 1. The subunit proportions (L:M:C) of the PFK isozymes from normal adult erythrocytes were 2:86:12. Affected adult erythrocyte 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) isozymes contained normal L-type (31%) and C-type (61%) subunits as well as a small amount (8%) of truncated M-type subunit. 2. 2. When measured within 24 hr of birth, both normal and affected dog erythrocytes contained high PFK activities due to elevated levels of the L-type subunit. As the dogs matured, PFK activity decreased due to a greater than 99% loss of the L-type subunit. 3. 3. By 2 weeks of age, the M-type and C-type subunits in normal dog PFK isozymes increased several-fold and attained near adult levels. 4. 4. During post-natal development, the L-type subunit from affected dog erythrocytes decreased more rapidly than from normal dog erythrocytes; but it was maintained at a higher level in the affected adult erythrocytes. Also, in the affected dog erythrocytes, truncated M-type subunits were detected; and the initially high levels of the C-type subunit decreased approximately 50% after 4 weeks.
Cross sections for K -shell ionization of niobium by electron impact

K-shell ionization cross sections of Nb by electron impact in the energy range 20--34 keV have been measured. The influence of electrons reflected from a backing on the measurement was corrected using an electron transport model. For comparison several calculations using theoretical and empirical expressions have been performed.
Are self-reported physical activity levels associated with perceived desirability of activity-friendly communities?

Abstract People living in activity-friendly communities (AFCs) are more active but the self-selection influence is unknown. From 4856 respondents we explored mediating variables with expressed desire to live in AFCs. Association with desire to live in AFCs included ages 18–24 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.9), African American (OR=1.9) or Hispanic (OR=1.5), and believing AFCs would support activity-based transportation (OR=2.4). Regular physical activity (PA) was marginally associated with desire to live in AFCs (OR=1.3). These findings suggest that PA may be a significant factor in communities of this style. Strategies for social marketing along with changes to the built environment to increase PA levels are discussed.
Spatial Organization of EGF Receptor Transmodulation by PDGF

Even though the modulation of EGF receptors by PDGF is well documented, it is not known where on the cell surface cross-talk between the two receptor systems takes place. The recent finding that both populations of receptors are concentrated in cell surface caveolae suggestes that the confinement of the two receptors to this space might facilitate their interaction. Here we show that stimulation of PDGF receptors in caveolae with PDGF causes a subpopulation of EGF receptors in the same membrane fraction to become phosphorylated on tyrosine. Coincident with tyrosine phosphorylation, the binding of EGF to its receptor markedly declines. Loss of EGF binding is partially blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Despite the close proximity of the two receptors in caveolae, we saw no evidence that EGF could stimulated PDGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest that these two receptor systems are highly organized in caveolae.
Complementary approaches to structure determination of icosahedral viruses

Few biological macromolecular complexes exhibit the combination of massive size and hierarchical, symmetrical architecture embodied in icosahedral viruses. X-ray crystallography, electron cryomicroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provide complementary approaches to studying these remarkable structures. Through a combined approach, progress has been made towards providing detailed structures of highly complex and very large viruses, and towards imaging the dynamic structural changes performed by viruses at key stages in their life cycles.
Generation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Multithreaded Code

The recent advent of multithreaded architectures holds many promises: the exploitation of intrathread locality and the latency tolerance of multithreaded synchronization can result in a more efficient processor utilization and higher scalability. The challenge for a code generation scheme is to make effective use of the underlying hardware by generating large threads with a large degree of internal locality without limiting the program level parallelism or increasing latency. Top-down code generation, where threads are created directly from the compiler's intermediate form, is effective at creating a relatively large thread. However, having only a limited view of the code at any one time limits the quality of threads generated. These top-down generated threads can therefore be optimized by global, bottom-up optimization techniques. In this paper, we introduce the Pebbles multithreaded model of computation and analyze a code generation scheme whereby top-down code generation is combined with bottom-up optimizations. We evaluate the effectiveness of this scheme in terms of overall performance and specific thread characteristics such as size, length, instruction level parallelism, number of inputs, and synchronization costs.
Marking gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) life stages and products with low doses of rubidium injected or implanted into pin oak.

Systemic introduction of rubidium into pin oaks ( Quercus palustris Muenchh.) at low doses (25 and 50 g RbCl per tree) and water volumes was tested by four techniques: injection into flare roots with a pressurized cylinder, injection into flare roots with a syringe, injection into tree boles with a syringe, and implants into flare roots. Injection of solutions resulted in faster uptake into foliage than implantation of a crystalline solid. Foliar rubidium concentrations peaked in 1-3 wk after treatment. Flare root injection with a syringe of a 50% RbCI solution resulted in higher foliar rubidium concentrations that did not decline as quickly as with other techniques. Gypsy moth, Lymantna dispar (L.), larvae were allowed to feed on foliage from treated trees. All gypsy moth life stages, frass, and pupal exuviae collected from all but the 25-g RbCI pressurized cylinder treatment held rubidium concentrations significantly higher than controls. Nearly 90% of the samples from all but the 25-g RbCI treatment were marked.
Elastin in the bovine mandibular joint.

Abstract Elastin was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in the bovine mandibular joint in the disc and in the articulating surfaces of the condyle and glenoid fossa, as well as in a band attached to the posterior aspect of the disc. Elastin was identified by biochemical methods in various components of the joint.