cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research and Application of Low Frequency Oscillation Monitoring and Analysis Method Based on WAMS

A low frequency oscillation on-line monitoring and oscillation characteristics off-line analysis function module of power system based on wide area measurement systems was designed and implemented.Due to data filtering and other three detection algorithm were integrated into the on-line part of this module,real-time of monitoring and high precision of alarm are satisfied simultaneously.Due to improved Prony and other two analysis algorithm were integrated into the off-line part of this module,oscillation characteristics references were analysis comprehensively.The alarm record and data analysis results were saved on hard disk for deep mining of data information by the statistical function of this module.This module has been put into actual operation.The reliability and validity of it has been observed.
Quantification of PSMA expression in primary human and xenograft tumors using radioligand binding and digital autoradiograpy

68 Objectives To determine and compare the absolute expression of PSMA in human prostate biopsy cores and LNCaP tumor model using ex-vivo autoradiographic ligand binding assay. Methods LNCaP cells were initially evaluated in vitro for PSMA expression. Radioligand binding assay was conducted using [67/natGa]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC (S.A. 10-100 Ci/mmol) ) and binding determined using well-counting and digital autoradiographic techniques. Frozen tissue sections obtained from LNCaP murine xenografts were then evaluated for PSMA expression by performing a saturation ligand binding assay followed by autoradiography. Finally, frozen tissue sections cut from biopsy cores obtained from human prostate cancer patients were assessed in an identical manner. Results In vitro ligand binding parameters were similar for both detection methods. For well counting, Bmax = 1231±57.06 fmoles/106 cells, Kd = 7.38±0.94 nM. For autoradiography, Bmax = 1284±104.9 fmoles/106 cells, Kd = 9.36±2.01 nM. Evaluation of LNCaP murine xenograft tumor sections by ex vivo ligand binding assay (n=5) resulted in a mean Bmax of 1198±550 nM, Kd = 6.09±1.25 nM. Evaluation of patient biopsy cores resulted in Bmax values ranging between between 42.32 and 1355 nM (n=6). PSMA expression determined by IHC closely matched ex vivo ligand binding distribution in each case. Conclusions This study demonstrates that radioligand binding assay on fresh-frozen ex vivo human tissues can be used to determine absolute expression of a given receptor target. This method can also be used to assess binding characteristics of novel radioligands where well-characterized in vitro models are not available. This data can be used to guide imaging and theranostic strategies. PSMA expression in primary human prostate tumors is of similar magnitude to that observed in the LNCaP model. We conclude that LNCaP is a representative model of human prostate cancer PSMA expression for pre-clinical studies. Research Support David Koch Foundation Grant #GC‎222684
Crisis on the Border: Specialized Capacity Building in Nonprofit Immigration Organizations

Traditional views of the nonprofit–government relationships suggest that while government may depend on nonprofit organizations to provide human services, nonprofits must also conform to government standards, monitoring, and regulation. In this paper, we argue that through specialized investments in capacity building, nonprofit providers can become irreplaceable to government funders. By developing a comparison case study of two organizations serving unaccompanied minor children who cross the U.S.–Mexico Border, we provide evidence of specialized capacity investments in a complex policy environment and discuss the implications of capacity building for both government and nonprofits.
The Economic Organization

Given issues today, ranging from the continued anti-market view of the world to concerns about a growing rich/poor divide, Knight is a critical dialogue partner in this current climate, because he takes a realistic view whilst recognizing the imperfections, and hence the contradictions, inherent in our economic organization of human beings. After Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, Knight’s core writings were essays and collections of essays, rather than any systematic works or impressive individual volumes. Two of his early and most important collected volumes were The Economic Organization (1933a), published as a volume in 1951 but dating back to 1933 as course material for his students, and The Ethics of Competition (1935a), published in between the course material and the published volume. In these works, Knight explored the market system and its weaknesses, and engaged with socialism and communism as alternatives to capitalism. He was also developing his thought on the role of science in economics and economics itself as a science, along with his interest in ethics, psychology and behaviour. Knight was coming at his economic interest from a variety of angles, and much of what is discussed in this period has its roots in Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, often drilling more deeply into this or that aspect. In this, and the next, chapter we will look chiefly at two major themes which emerged in his early to mid-career works. The two themes are, first, Knight’s understanding of economic organization, and second, the ethical basis of competition. The work undertaken here also provided a Knightian critique of the quest for an alternative, a Knightian view of the overarching concerns that critics of capitalism have entertained since the dawn of capitalism.
In-Pile Corrosion of Grade H-451 Graphite by Steam

Abstract The fuel elements for the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) are to be manufactured from a near-isotropic graphite, such as grade H-451. Low concentrations of impurities, including water vapor, will be present in the helium coolant, primarily because of small, undetected leaks and outgassing of the graphite as temperatures are increased. For economical plant operation, graphite corrosion must not impact the normal fuel-element replacement schedule and must not be the cause of extended reactor-shutdown periods. Graphite corrosion can also affect fission-product release and transport. In general, previous calculations have not shown good agreement with data obtained from out-of-pile and in-pile experiments that involve both transport and reaction phenomena, unless significant adjustments were made to model parameters, including reaction-rate correlations. The currently used reaction-rate correlations were developed from out-of-pile data. Under in-pile conditions, radiolysis of water vapor and neutron-induced damage to the graphite may enhance graphite corrosion. The recently completed irradiation of capsule HFR-B1 provided some unique data for inpile corrosion of H-451 graphite. In this paper, the HFR-B1 graphite-corrosion data are analyzed and compared with model predictions. The present calculations using the out-of-pile rate correlation are in good agreement with the HFR-B1 in-pile data.
Franz Spaeth: Publications and proposed taxa

Franz Spaeth (1863–1946) was an Austrian lawyer who became an authority on world Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). From 1885 until 1961 he published 145 papers in which he described 111 genera and 1212 species. This article presents a brief biographical sketch, a bibliography of his published works, and a list of proposed taxa.
How to Feed the Open Abdomen

Patients treated with damage control surgery develop a severe systemic inflammatory response associated with a catabolic state compounded by protein losses through the open abdomen. Diligence regarding nutrition provision is essential for optimal outcomes in these patients. Enteral nutrition (EN) should be initiated within 24–36 h of admission, or as soon as gastrointestinal continuity is restored, regardless of resuscitation status. Avoiding hypervolemia and closing the abdomen as soon as possible help to minimize protein losses. Direct peritoneal resuscitation can be useful as an adjunct therapy, facilitating earlier closure of the abdomen. Post-pyloric feeding is preferred, but there is no reason to withhold pre-pyloric feeding if this cannot be achieved. Planning for definitive surgical therapy includes consideration for surgical feeding access as early as postoperative day 1. Keeping an intubated patient “nil per os,” or EN turned off for operative procedures is an archaic practice and potentially detrimental. There are benefits to EN even if administered in amounts that provide less than goal caloric requirements. Suboptimal nutrition due to interruptions in delivery can be mitigated through the use of feeding protocols. EN is superior to parenteral nutrition (PN); but if EN is not providing at least 60–70 % of the calories and protein needed by day 5–7, PN must then be considered. Provision of appropriate and early goal-directed protein and caloric support should be considered an essential component in the management of the patient with an open abdomen.
TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts)

The Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) is a non-selective portosystemic shunt that is created using percutaneous endovascular techniques.
Enhanced quantum sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds using all-optical charge control

We demonstrate an all-optical protocol for ensemble charge readout and spin-to-charge conversion of nitrogen-vacancy centers in room-temperature nanodiamonds. This technique provides drastic improvements for electrochemical sensing and an order-of-magnitude speedup for spin-based quantum sensors.
Intelligent Machines: Distributed vs. Hierarchical Intelligence

Abstract Cooperative operation of multiple intelligent machines as well as their multiple components require, in addition to the previously considered pure hierarchical intelligent structures, to consider their combinations with distributed intelligence. The control networking, protocol and communication of the cooperative intelligent systems that are not violating the Principle of Increasing Precision with Decreasing Intelligence (IPDI). are the main features of this paper. The concept of Distributed Machine Intelligence (DMI) is introduced and utilized to control devices of equal intelligence
Bridging the Distance: Pace University Library and Remote Users

SUMMARY This article outlines Pace University Library's commitment to address the needs of the university distance education populace. Discussion focuses on one of the programs offered by Pace University, e.MBA (Executive MBA). Pace University Library offers many services to meet the research needs of its remote users. These include remote access to electronic resources, Interlibrary Loan, atoll-free number, and an online form for submission of reference queries. To improve document delivery services, the library subsidizes SUMO Uncover, and also uses Digital Sender to e-mail or fax documents to students. Pace University Library continuously looks at new methods to effectively serve its distance education populace.
Improvements in State and Local Planning for Mass Dispensing of Medical Countermeasures: The Technical Assistance Review Program, United States, 2007–2014

Objectives. To evaluate and describe outcomes of state and local medical countermeasure preparedness planning, which is critical to ensure rapid distribution and dispensing of a broad spectrum of life-saving medical assets during a public health emergency.Methods. We used 2007 to 2014 state and local data collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Technical Assistance Review. We calculated descriptive statistics from 50 states and 72 local Cities Readiness Initiative jurisdictions that participated in the Technical Assistance Review annually.Results. From 2007 to 2014, the average overall Technical Assistance Review score increased by 13% for states and 41% for Cities Readiness Initiative jurisdictions. In 2014, nearly half of states achieved the maximum possible overall score (100), and 94% of local Cities Readiness Initiative jurisdictions achieved a score of 90 or more.Conclusions. Despite challenges, effective and timely medical countermeasure distribution and dispensing is possib...
Measuring Selection Across HIV Gag: Combining Physico-Chemistry and Population Genetics

We present a quantitative, population genetics based physico-chemical model which predicts the stationary probability of observing an amino acid residue based on the optimal residue for the site and the sensitivity of the protein functionality to deviation from the optimum. We contextualize our physico-chemical model by comparing it to the more general, but less biologically meaningful models of sequence entropy. To illustrate our model9s use, we parameterize our model using over a 1000 different sequences of HIV subtype C9s Gag poly-protein. Using data from the LANL HIV database, we evaluate our physico-chemical model9s performance by first comparing its site sensitivity parameters G9 to the entropy based measures of site conservation and its ability to predict empirical in vitro and in vivo measures of HIV fitness. While our model9s G9 is well correlated with conservation, G9 does a significantly better job predicting the empirical fitness data. More importantly, unlike the entropy model, our model can be further refined and used to test more complex biological hypotheses. For example, in our analysis we find evidence that different protein regions of the gag poly-protein have different sensitivities to deviation from the optimal amino acid residue9s molecular volume. Finally, given its biological basis, it should be possible to extend our method to include epistasis in a more realistic manner than Ising models while requiring many fewer parameters than Potts models.
Relation between internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and peer victimization among children with and without ADHD

The current study explored the concurrent and longitudinal association between internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and peer victimization among children with and without ADHD. Eighty children (42 ADHD, 38 non-ADHD) ages 8–12 participated in the present study conducted over a 6-month period. During the baseline session, parents completed a structured diagnostic interview and the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale to determine whether their child met criteria for ADHD, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess their child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors; children completed the Perception of Peer Support Scale (PPSS) to assess experiences of peer victimization. At the 6-month follow-up session, parents completed the CBCL and children completed the PPSS. Concurrently, internalizing behaviors were associated with peer victimization among children with and without ADHD; ADHD moderated this relation, such that internalizing behaviors were more strongly related to peer victimization among children with ADHD. Longitudinally, internalizing behaviors at baseline predicted peer victimization at 6-month follow-up; however, further analyses demonstrated there was a covarying change in internalizing behaviors and peer victimization. These findings suggest internalizing behaviors are related to peer victimization concurrently, and over time, and are associated with increased risk for peer victimization in the presence of ADHD. Additionally, internalizing behaviors and peer victimization appear to share a dynamic relationship; that is, decreases in internalizing behaviors predict similar decreases in peer victimization. No significant relations were observed between externalizing behaviors and peer victimization. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Crystal Structure and Transport Properties of Oxygen-Deficient Perovskite Sr0.9Y0.1CoO3−δ

The present work reports a systematic study on temperature-dependent local crystal structure, oxygen stoichiometry, and electrical/electrochemical properties of an oxygen-deficient Sr0.9Y0.1CoO3−δ (SYC10) perovskite using variable-temperature neutron diffraction (VTND), thermal gravimetric analysis, and electrical/electrochemical methods, respectively. The VTND reveals that the crystal symmetry of SYC10 remains P4/mmm tetragonal up to 900 °C. The tetragonal symmetry reflects the net effects of temperature and oxygen stoichiometry on crystal symmetry. The observed p-type electronic conductivity behavior originates from the charge-ordering between the two distinctive Co-sites. The partial oxide-ion conductivity and diffusivity obtained from oxygen permeation measurements are 2.3 × 10–2 S cm–1 and 7.98 × 10–8 cm2/s at 800 °C in air, respectively. The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction kinetics of the SYC10 cathode is primarily limited by the charge-transfer process at low temperatures (600–650 °C) and...
SIMULATING NEW MATERIALS PROCESSES REQUIRED FOR THE REALIZATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE

An advanced software engineering methodology is being defined to permit interactive model definition and computer simulation. The method is being applied to solve complex problems in the field of new materials process developments. The scope of the problem requires complex computational capability and the ability to reproduce the behavior of a system as it operates in time, and where changes of state occur at discrete time intervals. In other words, there is complete compatability between a high-level, interpretive programming language and a discrete-event simulator.
Teaching Anti-Racism Through Environmental Justice Studies

Environmental racism has made headlines during the last three decades, in large part because the movement for environmental justice has placed this issue on the public agenda. In this chapter, I consider the ways in which discourses and practices of institutional racism are complicated and deepened by teaching environmental racism. I explore this topic by considering the pedagogical approach I adopt for a course I teach on the subject. Following other scholars in this volume (e.g., Cazenave), I do not debate whether environmental racism actually exists. Rather, I begin from the understanding that this phenomenon is real because it is socially present and expressed in the lives and struggles of millions of people around the nation and globally. I then demonstrate how I urge students to examine and interrogate the assumptions and implications behind the social scientific studies of environmental racism and the efforts by governments, residents, workers, and community activists to combat it. Throughout the course, I guide students as we consider ideas and practices that may lead to (1) a more equitable social distribution of the costs and benefits of markets and (2) more ecologically sustainable forms of production and social organization. Finally, in course readings, lectures, and exercises, we pay close attention to the ways in which the concepts of race and “nature” intersect with gender, class, citizenship, indigeneity, and nation in order to better understand how systems of power and inequality are constructed, reinforced, and challenged.
More on Mach and Einstein

The appearance during the past several years of a number of books and articles devoted to Ernst Mach is perhaps an indication of the renewed interest in the topics and historical figures associated with various forms of empiricism. This is to be welcomed, for this area of studies in intellectual and cultural history had become relatively undervalued.
An exponential model based new approach for correcting aqueous concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals measured by polyethylene passive samplers.

Abstract Although low density polyethylene (PE) passive samplers show promise for the measurement of aqueous phase hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), the lack of a practical and unsophisticated approach to account for non-equilibrium exposure conditions has impeded widespread acceptance and thus application in situ. The goal of this study was to develop a streamlined approach based on an exponential model and a convection mass transfer principle for correcting aqueous concentrations for HOCs deduced by PE samplers under non-equilibrium conditions. First, uptake rate constants (k1), elimination rate constants (k2), and seawater-PE equilibrium partition coefficients (KPEWs) were determined in laboratory experiments for a diverse suite of HOCs with logKow range of 3.4–8.3. Linear relationships between log k2 and logKow, and between log KPEW and logKow were established. Second, PE samplers pre-loaded with 13C-labeled performance reference compounds (PRCs) were deployed in the ocean to determine their k2 in situ. By applying boundary layer and convection mass transfer theories, ratio (C) of k2 values in field and laboratory exposures was estimated. This C value was demonstrated a constant that was only determined by water velocities and widths of PE strips. A generic equation with C and logKow as parameters was eventually established for extrapolation of non-equilibrium correction factors for the water boundary layer-controlled HOCs. Characterizing the hydrodynamic conditions indicated the sampler configuration and mooring mode should aim at sustaining laminar flow on the PE surface for optimal mass transfer. The PE estimates corrected using this novel approach possessed high accuracy and acceptable precision, and can be suited for a broad spectrum of HOCs. The presented method should facilitate routine utilization of the PE samplers.
Developing more participatory and accountable institutions for health: identifying health system research priorities for the Sustainable Development Goal-era.

Abstract Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is vital to guiding global institutions, funders, policymakers, activists and implementers in developing and enacting strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. We undertook a multi-stage participatory process to identify priority research questions relevant to improving accountability within health systems. We conducted interviews (n = 54) and focus group discussions (n = 2) with policymakers from international and national bodies (ministries of health, other government agencies and technical support institutions) across the WHO regions. Respondents were asked to reflect on challenges and current policy discussions related to health systems accountability, and to identify their pressing research needs. We also conducted an overview of reviews (n = 34) to determine the current status of knowledge on health systems accountability and to identify any gaps. We extracted research questions from the policymaker interviews and focus groups (70 questions) and from the overview of reviews (112 questions), and synthesized these into 36 overarching questions. Using the online platform Co-Digital, we invited researchers from around the world to refine and then rank the questions according to research importance. The questions that emerged amongst the top priorities focused on political factors that mediate the adoption or effectiveness of accountability initiatives, processes and incentives that facilitate the acceptability of accountability mechanisms among frontline healthcare providers, and the national governance reforms and contexts that enhance provider accountability. The process revealed different underlying conceptions of social accountability and how best to promote it, with some researchers and policymakers focusing on specific interventions and others embracing a more systems-oriented approach to understanding accountability, the multiple forms that it can take, how these interact with each other and the importance of power and underlying social relations. The findings from this exercise identify HPSR funding priorities and future areas for evidence production and policy engagement.
Investigations of modifications to improve the spin resistance of a high-wing, single-engine, light airplane

A general aviation aircraft with drooped leading edge modifications for improvement of lateral stability at high angles of attack has been flight tested in combination with a ventral fin which improves directional stability. The two modifications were assessed in light of spin-resistance criteria proposed for incorporation into FAA certification regulations. The configuration combining outboard wing leading-edge droop and a ventral fin yielded a substantial increase in spin resistance, but fell short of all requirements encompassed by the proposed spin-resistance criteria.
Changing prevalence of current asthma and inhaled corticosteroid treatment in the UK: population-based cohort 2006-2016.

Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in the UK, yet we have incomplete knowledge on the prevalence of current disease, treatment and exacerbations. We used UK electronic healthcare records, 2006–2016, to estimate the prevalence of current asthma by year, sex and age ( Overall current asthma prevalence was 6.5% in 2016 (7.2% in 2006). Prevalence fell in those aged Asthma remains highly prevalent and a significant healthcare burden. In those with a diagnosis, there was an increase in ICS prescriptions and treatment of exacerbations across all age groups. This may reflect a trend towards more aggressive asthma management within primary care. An apparent decline in prevalence was observed in those aged
Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of extramedullary acute myeloid leukaemia.

AIMS Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm composed of immature myeloid precursor cells thought to be a unique clinical presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Like AML, MS has a poor prognosis, but due to the rare nature of MS there are limited studies examining potential prognostic factors. We report our institutional experience, with the aim of investigating and establishing salient clinicopathological and molecular features of MS. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively examined all clinicopathological and molecular data on MS patients between 2001 and 2017 from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) electronic medical records. The UAB electronic medical records were also reviewed and compared with the literature for other potential prognostic factors. Sixty-three patients were included in the study. The median overall survival was 24 months in the group with normal karyotype and 12 months in patients with an abnormal karyotype. CONCLUSIONS We found that an abnormal karyotype was associated with a statistically significant worse prognosis.
Antitrust and Economic History: The Historic Failure of the Chicago School of Economics

This paper presents an historical analysis of the antitrust laws. Its central contention is that the history of antitrust can only be understood in light of U.S. economic history and the succession of dominant economic policy regimes that punctuated that history. The antitrust laws and a subset of other related policies have historically focused on the negative consequences resulting from the rise, expansion and dominance of big business. Antitrust specifically uses competition as its tool to address these problems. The paper traces the evolution of the emergence, growth and expansion of big business over six economic eras: the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era, the New Deal, the post-World War II Era, the 1970s, and the era of neoliberalism. It considers three policy regimes: laissez-faire during the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, the New Deal, policy regime from the Depression through the early 1970s, and the neoliberal policy regime that dominates today and includes the Chicago School of antitrust. The principal conclusion of the paper is that the activist antitrust associated with the New Deal that existed from the late 1930s to the 1960s resulted in far stronger economic performance than have the policies of the Chicago School that have dominated antitrust policy since the 1980s.
Should chemotherapy still be used to treat all muscle invasive bladder cancer in the “era of immunotherapy”?

Platinum-based chemotherapy has served as the mainstay systemic treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) for decades. Its use in the neoadjuvant (NAC), adjuvant (AC), and salvage setting...
Abstract 16249: Aerobic Exercise After an ICD Reduces Depression Severity and Improves Self-Efficacy to Exercise

Introduction: Aerobic exercise after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to be safe without provocation of arrhythmias. Effects of exercise on psychological outcomes and self-efficacy to exercise without fear of getting an ICD shock has not been consistently demonstrated. Hypothesis: Completion of 8 weeks of home based aerobic exercise will reduce anxiety, depression, and increase self-efficacy to exercise with less of fear in getting an ICD shock. Methods: 160 subjects (80/group) with a prior ICD implant (40% primary and 60% secondary prevention), mean age 55+12 years, 78% male, 84% Caucasian, 100% beta-blocked, and EF%=40%, completed a RCT comparing aerobic exercise to usual care (UC). Mean time since ICD implant=3.1 years. Aerobic exercise (EX)= 8 weeks of home walking 1 hour/day on 5 days/week at 60-80% of maximum HR using the Karvonen formula. Usual care =no change in exercise pattern. At baseline and 8 weeks participants completed questionnaires for state-trait anxiety (ST...
Hierarchically Structured Ultrafine Grained Magnesium Alloys

The intrinsic low density of magnesium drives research towards high-performance magnesium alloys. Hierarchically structured ultrafine grained magnesium alloys possess exceptional strength-ductility combination and eliminate many of the traditional drawbacks like low strength, high yield strength asymmetry, poor formability, and limited superplasticity. In this overview presentation, friction stir processed microstructures are used as examples to discuss the microstructural paradigms that can exhibit excellent balance of mechanical properties. These show the possibilities of exceeding 500 MPa strength with good work hardening and >10% ductility. Use of micron-sized boron carbide (B4C) and nano-sized yttria (Y2O3) powder can simultaneously enhance modulus-strength-ductility combination. High-strength ultrafine grained magnesium alloys also show high strain rate superplasticity which can provide pathways for overcoming poor formability. An example of friction stir additive manufacturing will be used to discuss possibilities of implementing such microstructures at component level with emerging solid-state additive manufacturing techniques.
Hierarchical Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling Approach for Integrating Binary, Multiclass, and Regression Models of Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity.

Reliable in silico approaches to replace animal testing for the evaluation of potential acute toxic effects are highly demanded by regulatory agencies. In particular, quantitative structure–activit...
Refsum's disease (heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis). An inborn error of lipid metabolism with storage of 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl hexadecanoic acid. A review of the clinical findings.

On review of the literature a total of 37 patients from 23 families suffering from Refsum's disease were found. Their clinical findings are summarized and tabulated. All patients were afflicted by polyneuritis (paralysis, lacking tendon reflexes, albumino-cytological dissociation, cerebellar ataxia, hemeralopia and retinitis pigmentosa). In most patients signs of skin, heart and eye disease (cataracts) were present. By using a ranking method five patients reported as suffering from Refsum's disease were found to be probably affected by some other disease entity. Of particular significance was the observation that about 50 percent of all patients had bone malformations which were similar to but milder in degree than those observed in Thalidomide® embryopathy. In Refsum's disease an inborn error of metabolism is associated with (or causing?) true morphological malformations. The relationships between the clinical findings and the underlying biochemical defect are discussed.
Integrin α5 and Integrin α4 cooperate to promote endocardial differentiation and heart morphogenesis

Endocardium is critically important for proper function of the cardiovascular system. Not only does endocardium connect the heart to blood vasculature, it also plays an important role in heart morphogenesis, valve formation, and ventricular trabeculation. The extracellular protein Fibronectin (Fn1) promotes endocardial differentiation, but the signaling pathways downstream of Fn1 that regulate endocardial development are not understood. Here, we analyzed the role of the Fibronectin receptors Integrin alpha5 (Itga5) and Integrin alpha4 (Itga4) in zebrafish heart development. We show that itga5 mRNA is expressed in both endocardium and myocardium during early stages of heart development. Through analysis of both itga5 single mutants and itga4;itga5 double mutants, we show that loss of both itga5 and itga4 results in enhanced defects in endocardial differentiation and morphogenesis compared to loss of itga5 alone. Loss of both itga5 and itga4 results in cardia bifida and severe myocardial morphology defects. Finally, we find that loss of itga5 and itga4 results in abnormally narrow anterior endodermal sheet morphology. Together, our results support a model in which Itga5 and Itga4 cooperate to promote endocardial differentiation, medial migration of endocardial and myocardial cells, and morphogenesis of anterior endoderm.
Investigation into length scale dominance in critical black hole formation

The critical formation of low-mass black holes is a historical cornerstone of numerical general relativity, with important implications in cosmology for censorship conjectures and the production of primordial black holes (PBHs). Concurrent with the surge in black hole observational physics in recent years has been an increased interest in these subjects. Critical formation is often suggested as a mechanism for PBH production, but it is possible that the existence of different types of critical processes potentially accompanying more realistic scenarios may affect this conclusion more than has been considered thus far. This paper numerically investigates, as a toy model, the interplay of multiple near-critical fields in the collapse of spherically symmetric scalar fields. It is found that a combination of type I and type II near-critical fields results in a kind of competition between their respective critical evolutions. A heuristic explanation for this phenomenon is proposed employing ideas from the theory of dynamical systems.
Stigma and coping experiences in Latinx individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Aim The experiences of culturally diverse individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) is not well studied. Exploratory research needs to examine whether differences exist between racial/ethnic groups within the CHR population. Understanding experiences of Latinx patients is of importance, as the Latinx population represents the most rapidly growing paediatric population in the United States and they face significant barriers to mental health treatment. Because Latinx persons experience high rates of mental illness-based stigma and discrimination in their communities, they may face additional stigma-based barriers to CHR treatment. Method Twenty-six participants (15 Latinx, 11 non-Latinx white/NLW) who met CHR criteria based on the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) were interviewed regarding stigma associated with CHR identification and symptoms. Using a consensus-based open-coding thematic analysis approach, data were analysed for stigma, discrimination, and coping responses. Results Instances of internalization of stereotypes appeared to be more salient to NLW participants than Latinx participants, and Latinx participants reported seemingly more anticipated rejection from stereotypes than NLW participants. Experiences of discrimination also appeared to be more salient to Latinx participants than NLW participants. Moreover, Latinx participants reported evidently greater instances of discrimination across anticipated, individual, and structural discrimination. Finally, while covering strategies appeared to be more salient to NLW's, Latinx clients more often described using secrecy as well as a greater range of coping responses, including empowerment. Conclusion While the experience of anticipated rejection appeared to be more salient to Latinx CHR participants and they seemingly report more secrecy than NLW, they also engaged in empowerment-related coping strategies. Future research should continue to explore the roles of cultural values in influencing coping strategies among CHR individuals.
Identifying the Needs of Prekindergarten Children: A Focus on Health, Wellbeing, and Family Environment

The impact of children’s health, wellbeing, and family environment on their learning and development is evident. Identifying the needs of children and their families is the first step to effectively developing and implementing programs that promote child development. This research employed a convergent mixed methods design and incorporated multiple data collection and analysis techniques to explore the needs of prekindergarten children related to their health, wellbeing, and family environment. A large-scale survey, regional meetings, and focus groups were conducted among a total of 4615 parents/caregivers, organizational representatives, and community members in the state of South Carolina, in the United States. Understanding child development, getting services for children and families, making childcare accessible and affordable, having enough family time, building strong relationships with children, and community support for families were identified as priorities. Parents/caregivers of different socio-demographic backgrounds prioritized different needs.
Abstract 199: Blossom AI: A novel drug discovery app for the prediction of hotspots on multiplex protein protein interaction complexes using random forest algorithms

Protein protein interactions (PPIs) form the backbone of signal transduction pathways in diverse physiological processes, mediating the transmission and regulation of oncogenic signals essential to cellular proliferation and survival, thus representing a potential new class of drug targets for anticancer therapeutic discovery. However, several challenges face the targeting of PPIs, including large PPI interface areas, a lack of deep pockets, the presence of noncontiguous binding sites, and a general lack of natural ligands. The presence of hot spots (small subsets of amino acid residues that contribute significantly to free binding energy) makes PPIs amenable to small molecule perturbations, playing essential roles in the stability of protein binding. Effectively identifying which specific interface residues of protein protein complexes form the hot spots is critical for understanding the principles of protein interactions and has broad application prospects in protein design and drug development. This project presents Blossom AI, a novel, user friendly mobile app developed in XCode and CoreML that uses random forest decision tree algorithms (RF) to computationally predict the presence of hotspots on protein complexes within seconds, aiding the design of small molecule and peptide drugs that target protein-protein interactions, particularly for anticancer therapy. Leveraging features such as solvent accessible surface area (ASA), blocks substitution matrix, physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, polarity, polarizability, propensities), position specific scoring matrix (PSSM) and solvent exposure, the RF is trained through a dataset of 313 mutated interface residues (133 hotspot residues and 180 non hotspot residues) from over 60 protein complexes to produce a training accuracy of 88.75%, validation accuracy of 92.86%, specificity of 87.18%, sensitivity of 75.38%, PPV 94.23%, NPV 86.61%. Blossom is high speed, low cost, and user friendly with significantly improved accuracy over the standard of alanine scanning mutagenesis. Citation Format: Stephanie Zhang, Minsoo Kang. Blossom AI: A novel drug discovery app for the prediction of hotspots on multiplex protein protein interaction complexes using random forest algorithms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 199.
Creativity: Teaching It and Capitalizing Upon It

In the past, creativity has not been considered a teachable subject in the curriculum of American schools. In recent years, however, a number of institutions, particularly of higher education, have deemed it to be teachable and learnable. While the traditional teaching methods, such as lectures and learning information by rote to be repeated by rote on standardized tests, do not work for teaching creativity, other methods seem to be quite useful for developing in students proficiency for thinking in non-traditional ways. While creativity is clearly a desirable skill for anyone to possess, it is particularly useful in the areas of marketing and sales, both for existing services and products as well as for developing new, cutting edge, and highly innovative goods. Not only does creativity result in new items and services but also clever marketers have developed new means never dreamed of a decade ago for purveying their cornucopia of wares. This paper will explore how teaching methods for creativity have developed recently as well as how creative thinking has spawned new marketing platforms that continue to change on an almost daily basis.
OptiFit: an improved method for fitting amplicon sequences to existing OTUs

Assigning amplicon sequences to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is often an important step in characterizing the composition of microbial communities across large datasets. OptiClust, a de novo OTU clustering method, has been shown to produce higher quality OTU assignments than other methods and at comparable or faster speeds. A notable difference between de novo clustering and database-dependent reference clustering methods is that OTU assignments from de novo methods may change when new sequences are added to a dataset. However, in some cases one may wish to incorporate new samples into a previously clustered dataset without performing clustering again on all sequences, such as when comparing across datasets or deploying machine learning models where OTUs are features. Existing reference-based clustering methods produce consistent OTUs, but they only consider the similarity of each query sequence to a single reference sequence in an OTU, thus resulting in OTU assignments that are significantly worse than those generated by de novo methods. To provide an efficient and robust method to fit amplicon sequence data to existing OTUs, we developed the OptiFit algorithm. Inspired by OptiClust, OptiFit considers the similarity of all pairs of reference and query sequences in an OTU to produce OTUs of the best possible quality. We tested OptiFit using four microbiome datasets with two different strategies: by clustering to an external reference database or by splitting the dataset into a reference and query set and clustering the query sequences to the reference set after clustering it using OptiClust. The result is an improved implementation of closed and open-reference clustering. OptiFit produces OTUs of similar quality as OptiClust and at faster speeds when using the split dataset strategy, although the OTU quality and processing speed depends on the database chosen when using the external database strategy. OptiFit provides a suitable option for users who require consistent OTU assignments at the same quality afforded by de novo clustering methods.
Malignant dysgerminoma of the ovary

Abstract A case of dysgerminoma of the right ovary in a patient 36 years of age is described. Three years subsequent to surgical removal, and following x-ray therapy patient died. At necropsy there were extensive metastasis to the peritoneum, the lungs, both kidneys, and to the liver.
Metacomputation: Metasystem Transitions plus Supercompilation

Metacomputation is a computation which involves meta-system transitions(MST for short) from a computing machine M to a metamachine M′ which controls, analyzes, and imitates the work of M. Semantics-based program transformation, such as partial evaluation and supercompilation (SCP), is metacomputation. Metasystem transitions may be repeated, as when a program transformer gets transformed itsef. In this manner MST hierarchies of any height can be formed.
Excitation function for the nuclear reaction

Abstract The 209 Bi ( 7 Li ,5n) 211 Rn nuclear reaction was studied between 38 and 60 MeV with a 7 Li beam from a Tandem van de Graaff. The excitation function approached 650 mb at 53 MeV. The thick target saturation yield was 5.5 μCi/nA. Production and recovery of 211 Rn in high radiochemical purity is discussed.
Lowering the Bar Behind Bars: Chao v. Ballista and Prison Official Liability in All-Female Prisons

On March 25, 2011, in Chao v. Ballista, the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts denied defendant prison officials’ motion for summary judgment on an inmate’s Eighth Amendment claims of sexual misconduct, and a jury held a prison superintendent liable for failure to protect the inmate from a prison guard’s sexual abuse. Although the district court drew thoughtful attention to the unique vulnerabilities of female inmates, the court implicitly expanded the Supreme Court’s Farmer v. Brennan standard for deliberate indifference in failure to protect claims, potentially lowering the bar for establishing Eighth Amendment violations by prison officials in all-female facilities.
The use of dialectical behavior therapy skills training as stand-alone treatment: a systematic review of the treatment outcome literature.

Objective Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training is currently being administered as stand-alone treatment across a variety of clinical settings, serving diverse client populations. However, there is little empirical support for this use. Method In this systematic review, we identified 17 trials employing a treatment that included DBT skills training in the absence of the other DBT modalities. Results While the literature reviewed provides preliminary evidence of the utility of DBT skills training to address a range of mental health and behavioral problems, methodological limitations of published studies preclude us from drawing strong conclusions about the efficacy of skills training as a stand-alone treatment. Conclusion We present an overview of the implementation of DBT skills training across clinical settings and populations. We found preliminary evidence supporting the use of DBT skills training as a method of addressing a range of behaviors. We provide recommendations for future research.
Antiaging Research and the Need for Public Dialogue

Biologists of aging and the agencies that support them are in active pursuit of interventions designed to compress, slow, or arrest the human aging process. The achievement of such interventions will have a profound impact on many social institutions, from individual families to the health care system. To ensure that everyone benefits equitably from that impact, anticipatory public dialogue and policy-making will be required.
PVN activation is suppressed by repeated hypoglycemia but not antecedent corticosterone in the rat

The mechanism(s) underlying hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) are unknown. To test the hypothesis that the activation of brain regions involved in the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia is blunted with HAAF, rats were studied in a 2-day protocol. Neuroendocrine responses and brain activation (c-Fos immunoreactivity) were measured during day 2 insulin-induced hypoglycemia (0.5 U insulin · 100 g body wt−1 · h−1 iv for 2 h) afterday 1 hypoglycemia (Hypo-Hypo) or vehicle. Hypo-Hypo animals demonstrated HAAF with blunted epinephrine, glucagon, and corticosterone (Cort) responses and decreased activation of the medial hypothalamus [the paraventricular (PVN), dorsomedial (DMH), and arcuate (Arc) nuclei]. To evaluate whether increases in day 1 Cort were responsible for the decreased hypothalamic activation, Cort was infused intracerebroventricularly (72 μg) onday 1 and the response to day 2 hypoglycemia was measured. Intracerebroventricular Cort infusion failed to alter the neuroendocrine r...